Method and device for determining whether or not mixotrophic plants have been transplanted

Abstract

To provide a transplant success / failure determination method and a determination apparatus of a mixed nutrient plant in which success / failure of transplant of a mixed nutrient plant can be determined more appropriately.SOLUTION: A method for determining success / failure of transplant of a mixed nutrient plant, where a carbon stable isotope ratio before / after transplant of a mixed nutrient plant is measured, and success / failure of transplant is determined on the basis of a measured carbon stable isotope ratio before / after transplant. A case where the carbon stable isotope ratio after transplant recovers a level before transplant is determined as transplant success, and on the other hand, a case where a carbon stable isotope ratio after the transplant becomes lower than a preset lower limit value may be determined as transplant failure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining whether or not a mixed vegetative plant such as a golden orchid has been successfully transplanted. [Background technology]

[0002] Mixotrophic plants are known in the past. Mixotrophic plants are plants that obtain the nutrients they need to grow from host trees through photosynthesis and mycorrhizal fungi that grow on their roots. Orchids, such as the genus Goldenrod, which are in high demand for transplants in construction projects, are often mixotrophic plants.

[0003] Meanwhile, conventional techniques related to the growth of such plants are known, for example, from Patent Documents 1 to 3. Patent Document 1 describes a plant cultivation method using a plant growth enhancer containing aquatic plant rhizosphere microorganisms that have the effect of increasing the amount of chlorophyll in the host plant. Patent Document 2 relates to plant growth-promoting bacteria. Patent Document 3 describes a method for forming mycorrhizae in a host plant and a technique for establishing a tripartite symbiotic system between a mycoheterotrophic plant, a mycorrhizal fungus, and a host plant. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6429143 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 6454680 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-193797 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, the growth of mixotrophic plants requires special growing conditions, namely the tripartite symbiosis of the plant, mycorrhizal fungi, and host plant. Although many transplants have been carried out in construction projects, the survival rate is low and many of them fail. To establish a more reliable transplantation method, it is important to verify and improve the method based on monitoring.

[0006] Determining the success of transplantation is particularly important when verifying and improving methods. Usually, the success of transplantation is judged by whether or not individual plants sprout. However, this is not an appropriate indicator for determining the success of transplanting mixotrophic plants. For example, some mixotrophic plants remain dormant underground and do not sprout aboveground parts each year. Furthermore, the presence or absence of sprouts alone does not allow us to determine whether a new symbiotic relationship has been established after transplantation.

[0007] On the other hand, as mentioned above, mixotrophic plants contain nutrients (carbon) derived from photosynthesis and nutrients (carbon) derived from bacteria. Compared to carbon derived from photosynthesis, carbon derived from bacteria has a stable carbon isotope ratio δ 13 It is known that the proportion of C is large. The inventors have focused on this characteristic and arrived at the following invention.

[0008] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above, and aims to provide a method and device for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixed vegetative plant, which can more appropriately determine the success or failure of transplanting a mixed vegetative plant. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the method for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant according to the present invention is a method for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant, characterized in that it measures the stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplanting the mixotrophic plant, and determines the success or failure of the transplant based on the measured stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplanting.

[0010] Another method for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixed nutrient plant according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, the transplant is determined to be successful if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplanting has recovered to the level before transplanting, and the transplant is determined to be unsuccessful if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplanting falls below a predetermined lower limit value.

[0011] In addition, the device for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant according to the present invention is a device for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant, and is characterized by comprising a measuring means for measuring the stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplanting the mixotrophic plant, and a determining means for determining the success or failure of the transplant based on the measured stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplanting.

[0012] Another device for determining the success or failure of transplantation of a mixed nutrient plant according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, transplantation is determined to be successful if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation has recovered to the level before transplantation, while transplantation is determined to be unsuccessful if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation falls below a predetermined lower limit value. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The method for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant according to the present invention is a method for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant, which measures the stable carbon isotope ratio of the mixotrophic plant before and after transplantation and determines the success or failure of the transplantation based on the measured stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplantation, thereby making it possible to determine the success or failure of the transplantation based on the quantitative and clear criterion of the stable carbon isotope ratio, thereby achieving the effect of more appropriately determining the success or failure of the transplantation of a mixotrophic plant.

[0014] Furthermore, according to another method of determining the success or failure of transplantation of a mixed nutrient plant of the present invention, the transplantation is determined to be successful if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation has recovered to the level before transplantation, whereas the transplantation is determined to be unsuccessful if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation falls below a predetermined lower limit, thereby providing the effect of easily determining the success or failure of transplantation.

[0015] Furthermore, the device for determining the success or failure of mixotrophic plant transplantation according to the present invention is a device for determining the success or failure of mixotrophic plant transplantation, and is equipped with a measuring means for measuring the stable carbon isotope ratio of the mixotrophic plant before and after transplantation, and a determining means for determining the success or failure of transplantation based on the measured stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplantation, so that the success or failure of transplantation can be determined based on the quantitative and clear criterion of the stable carbon isotope ratio, thereby achieving the effect of more appropriately determining the success or failure of mixotrophic plant transplantation.

[0016] Furthermore, according to another device for determining the success or failure of transplantation of a mixed nutrient plant according to the present invention, if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation recovers to the level before transplantation, the transplantation is determined to be successful, whereas if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation falls below a predetermined lower limit, the transplantation is determined to be unsuccessful, thereby providing the effect of easily determining the success or failure of transplantation. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the concept of the method for determining the success or failure of transplantation of a mixotrophic plant according to the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram showing an embodiment of the method for determining the success or failure of transplantation of a mixotrophic plant according to the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 shows an example of the changes over time in the carbon stable isotope ratio and plant height in the case where transplantation was successful. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows an example of changes over time in stable carbon isotope ratio and plant height in the case of transplant failure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Hereinafter, embodiments of a method and an apparatus for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixed nutrient plant according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0019] (Basic principle of the present invention) First, the basic principle of the present invention will be explained. As shown in Figure 1, mixotrophic plants such as the genus Ceratonia contain nutrients (carbon) derived from photosynthesis and nutrients (carbon) derived from bacteria. Compared to carbon derived from photosynthesis, carbon derived from bacteria has a stable carbon isotope ratio δ 13 It is known that the ratio of C is large. In the present invention, by focusing on this characteristic, 13 The increase or decrease in C is used to estimate the symbiotic status of mixotrophic plants after transplantation.

[0020] Specifically, the δ before and after transplantation of mixotrophic plants 13 C was measured, and δ before and after transplantation was measured. 13 The success or failure of transplantation is judged based on the change in C over time. 13 If C returns to the pre-transplant level, the transplant is deemed successful, but if it falls below a predetermined lower limit, the transplant is deemed unsuccessful. The lower limit can be set from the stable carbon isotope ratios of native plants (untransplanted individuals) and other autotrophic plants in the vicinity (plants that obtain nutrients solely through photosynthesis).

[0021] (Method for determining the success of transplanting mixotrophic plants) Next, an embodiment of the method for determining the success or failure of transplantation of a mixotrophic plant according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, first, leaves are sampled from the mixotrophic plant before and after transplantation (step S1). The sampling interval after transplantation is preferably set to a fixed period (for example, one year). The sampling time is preferably summer (for example, August). The carbon stable isotope ratio δ 13 To establish a lower limit for C, samples should be taken from the volunteer plants and other autotrophic plants in the vicinity.

[0022] Next, stable carbon isotopes were measured from the sampled leaves, and the stable carbon isotope ratio δ 13 Calculate C and δ 13 In this case, the sampled leaf samples are dried at 70°C for 2 days, for example, and then crushed. 13 C. 12Measure the carbon stable isotope ratio δ 13 C can be calculated using the following formula (1):

[0023] δ 13 C=( 13 C / 12 C) 試料 / ( 13 C / 12 C) 標準物質 ×1000...Formula (1)

[0024] Next, the stable carbon isotope ratio δ after transplantation 13 It is determined whether C has recovered to the pre-transplant level (step S3). If it is determined that C has recovered to the pre-transplant level (Yes in step S3), it is determined that the transplantation was successful and the process ends. On the other hand, if it is determined that C has not recovered to the pre-transplant level (No in step S3), the process proceeds to the next step S4.

[0025] In the next step S4, the stable carbon isotope ratio δ after transplantation 13 It is determined whether C exceeds a predetermined lower limit. The lower limit is, for example, the stable carbon isotope ratio δ calculated from the leaves of the native plant or other autotrophic plants in the vicinity. 13 C. If it is determined that the lower limit is exceeded (Yes in step S4), the determination of the success or failure of the transplant is postponed until the next sampling. On the other hand, if it is determined that the lower limit is not exceeded (the value is below the lower limit) (No in step S4), the transplant is determined to have failed, and the process is terminated.

[0026] Figures 3 and 4 show the stable carbon isotope ratios δ from 45 individual plants (mixotrophic plants) sampled annually in August. 13 This is an example of monitoring δ C and plant height over time. The graph shows the average value of 45 transplanted plants. According to this embodiment, in the example of FIG. 13 Since C exceeded the pre-transplant level in 2018, the transplant is judged to be successful. 13C falls below the lower limit in 2017 and is therefore deemed a transplant failure.

[0027] As described above, according to this embodiment, the success or failure of transplantation can be determined based on the quantitative and clear criterion of the stable carbon isotope ratio. Therefore, the success or failure of transplantation of mixotrophic plants can be determined more appropriately. This facilitates the verification and improvement of the effectiveness of the transplantation technique, and can improve the reliability of transplantation. Furthermore, if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation recovers to the level before transplantation, the transplantation is determined to be successful, whereas if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation falls below a preset lower limit, the transplantation is determined to be unsuccessful, so that the success or failure of transplantation can be easily determined.

[0028] Furthermore, post-transplant maintenance can be adaptively carried out based on monitoring the state of the tripartite symbiosis. For example, if nutrients are not being obtained from mycorrhizal fungi, the light environment can be improved to promote photosynthesis. Such measures include pruning the crown and removing forest floor vegetation. Furthermore, if transplantation is deemed unsuccessful, alternative conservation measures (transplanting by sowing seeds) can be implemented.

[0029] (Device for determining the success or failure of transplanting mixed nutritional plants) Next, an embodiment of the device for determining the success or failure of transplantation of a mixed nutrient plant according to the present invention will be described.

[0030] The device for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant according to this embodiment is a device that embodies the method for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant described above, and is composed of, for example, a measuring means, a determining means, etc. This device for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant can be composed of, for example, hardware such as a computer with a CPU, memory, a display, a keyboard, etc., and software such as a computer program that is executed using this hardware.

[0031] The measurement method was the stable carbon isotope ratio δ before and after transplanting the mixotrophic plants. 13 This measurement method measures stable carbon isotopes. 12 C. 13The measurement unit for measuring C and the measured stable carbon isotopes 12 C. 13 From C, the stable carbon isotope ratio δ is calculated using the above formula (1). 13 and a calculation unit that calculates C.

[0032] The determination method is the measured stable carbon isotope ratio δ before and after transplantation. 13 The success or failure of transplantation is determined based on the stable carbon isotope ratio δ after transplantation. 13 The system can be configured with a determination unit that determines the transplant as successful if C recovers to the pre-transplant level, and determines the transplant as unsuccessful if the post-transplant carbon stable isotope ratio falls below a preset lower limit.

[0033] According to this embodiment, the success or failure of transplantation can be determined based on the quantitative and clear criterion of the stable carbon isotope ratio. Therefore, the success or failure of transplantation of mixotrophic plants can be determined more appropriately. This facilitates the verification and improvement of the effectiveness of the transplantation technique, and can improve the reliability of transplantation. Furthermore, if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation recovers to the level before transplantation, the transplantation is determined to be successful, whereas if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation falls below a preset lower limit, the transplantation is determined to be unsuccessful, making it easy to determine the success or failure of transplantation.

[0034] As described above, the method for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant according to the present invention is a method for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant, which measures the stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplanting the mixotrophic plant and determines the success or failure of transplantation based on the measured stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplantation, thereby making it possible to determine the success or failure of transplantation based on the quantitative and clear criterion of the stable carbon isotope ratio, thereby making it possible to more appropriately determine the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant.

[0035] Furthermore, according to another method of determining the success or failure of transplantation of a mixed nutrient plant according to the present invention, the transplantation is determined to be successful if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation has recovered to the level before transplantation, whereas the transplantation is determined to have failed if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation falls below a predetermined lower limit, making it easy to determine the success or failure of the transplantation.

[0036] Furthermore, the device for determining the success or failure of mixotrophic plant transplantation according to the present invention is a device for determining the success or failure of mixotrophic plant transplantation, and is equipped with a measuring means for measuring the stable carbon isotope ratio of the mixotrophic plant before and after transplantation, and a determining means for determining the success or failure of transplantation based on the measured stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplantation, so that the success or failure of transplantation can be determined based on the quantitative and clear criterion of the stable carbon isotope ratio, thereby more appropriately determining the success or failure of mixotrophic plant transplantation.

[0037] Furthermore, according to another device for determining the success or failure of transplantation of a mixed nutrient plant according to the present invention, if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation recovers to the level before transplantation, the transplantation is determined to be successful, whereas if the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation falls below a predetermined lower limit, the transplantation is determined to be unsuccessful, making it easy to determine whether the transplantation was successful. [Industrial Applicability]

[0038] As described above, the method and device for determining the success or failure of transplanting mixed vegetation plants according to the present invention are useful for determining the success or failure of transplanting mixed vegetation plants such as golden orchid, which are in high demand for transplantation in construction projects, and are particularly suitable for more appropriately determining the success or failure of transplants.

Claims

1. A method for determining whether or not a mixotrophic plant has been transplanted, comprising: Measuring the carbon stable isotope ratio before transplantation from leaves sampled from the mixotrophic plant before transplantation; measuring the carbon stable isotope ratio after transplantation from leaves sampled from the mixotrophic plant at predetermined sampling intervals; determining whether the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation has recovered to the pre-transplant level, and if it is determined as a result of this determination that the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation has recovered to the pre-transplant level, determining that the transplantation has been successful; on the other hand, if it is determined that the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation has not recovered to the pre-transplant level, determining whether the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation is above a preset lower limit, and if it is determined as a result of this determination that it is above the lower limit, suspending determination of the success or failure of the transplant until the next sampling, and if it is determined that it is not above the lower limit, determining that the transplantation has failed; A method for determining the success of transplanting a mixotrophic plant, characterized in that the lower limit value is set based on the carbon stable isotope ratio measured from leaves sampled from autotrophic plants surrounding the mixotrophic plant.

2. An apparatus for determining whether or not a mixed nutrition plant has been transplanted, a measuring means for measuring the stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplantation of the mixotrophic plant; and a determining means for determining whether the transplantation has been successful or not based on the measured stable carbon isotope ratio before and after transplantation, the measuring means measures a stable carbon isotope ratio before transplantation from leaves sampled from the mixotrophic plant before transplantation, and measures a stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation from leaves sampled from the mixotrophic plant after transplantation at a predetermined sampling interval; the determination means determines whether the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation has recovered to the level before transplantation, and if it is determined as a result of this determination that the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation has recovered to the level before transplantation, it determines that the transplantation has been successful, whereas if it is determined that the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation has not recovered to the level before transplantation, it determines whether the stable carbon isotope ratio after transplantation is above a preset lower limit value, and if it is determined as a result of this determination that it is above the lower limit value, it reserves the determination of the success or failure of the transplant until the next sampling, whereas if it is determined that it is not above the lower limit value, it determines that the transplantation has failed; An apparatus for determining the success or failure of transplanting a mixotrophic plant, characterized in that the lower limit value is set based on the carbon stable isotope ratio measured from leaves sampled from autotrophic plants surrounding the mixotrophic plant.

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