Wake-up signal for power saving

Abstract

To provide systems, methods, and means associated with wake-up signals (WUSs) for power saving.SOLUTION: In a communication system, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) determines whether a bit pattern matches a configuration bit pattern. The configuration bit pattern instructs the WTRU to wake up from a sleep state, and if the WTRU determines that the bit pattern matches the configuration bit pattern, the WTRU can wake up from the sleep state, and if the WTRU determines that the bit pattern does not match the configuration bit pattern, the WTRU can remain in the sleep state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 12

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] cross reference

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 809,067, filed February 22, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] background

[0002] Mobile communications are evolving step by step, and the fifth generation, 5G, is already on the horizon. Summary of the Invention

[0003] overview For example, systems, methods, and means associated with wake-up signals may be provided for power saving. The systems, methods, and means may include interference-free wake-up signal (WUS) / go-to-sleep signal (GOS) and / or on / off keying (OOK) waveform enhancement. The systems, methods, and means for interference-free WUS / GOS may include wake-up control signal format and content, and / or user multiplexing and reference symbols for WUS / GOS signaling. The systems, methods, and means for OOK waveform enhancement may include one or more of time-domain masking-based OOK, uniform WUS / GUS using OOK randomization, and / or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols with multiple subcarrier spacing values ​​for OOK symbols.

[0004]

[0004] Systems, methods, and means may be provided for a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) to receive a signal from a network while the WTRU is in a sleep state. The signal may be or include an OOK signal. The OOK signal may be or include a set of OOK symbols. The set of OOK symbols may be or include a set of OFDM symbols. The signal may include multiple levels of information. For example, the signal may indicate first level information, such as whether to wake up the WTRU from a sleep state or remain in a sleep state. The signal may indicate second level information, such as a WTRU ID, a group WTRU ID, information about physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resources to monitor, and / or additional information for the WTRU and / or group of WTRUs to perform.

[0005]

[0005] The WTRU may detect a bit pattern of the signal. The WTRU may detect the bit pattern based on detecting a set of on / off bits. For example, the WTRU may use energy detection to detect the set of on / off bits. If the WTRU detects energy above a threshold, the WTRU may determine that the bit corresponds to an on bit. If the WTRU detects energy below the threshold, the WTRU may determine that the bit corresponds to an off bit.

[0006] The WTRU may determine whether the bit pattern matches a configuration bit pattern. The configuration bit pattern may indicate to the WTRU to wake up from a sleep state. For example, the configuration bit pattern may be similar (e.g., the same) as a WUS. If the WTRU determines that the bit pattern matches the configuration bit pattern, the WTRU may wake up from a sleep state. If the WTRU determines that the bit pattern does not match the configuration bit pattern, the WTRU may remain in a sleep state. A bit pattern that does not match the configuration bit pattern may correspond to (e.g., may be considered to be) a GOS.

[0007] When a WTRU wakes up from a sleep state (e.g., in response to a bit pattern matching a configuration bit pattern), the WTRU may decode a set of sequences of signals. The WTRU may determine whether the set of sequences matches a configured sequence set. If the set of sequences matches a configured sequence set, the WTRU may perform a task (e.g., determine a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resource to monitor) based on the configured sequence set. The set of sequences may be or include one or more of the following information: a PDCCH position, a WTRU ID, or a WTRU group ID. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example of a communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. [Figure 1B]

[0009] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example of a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment. [Figure 1C]

[0010] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment. [Figure 1D]

[0011] 1B is a system diagram illustrating a further example of a RAN and a further example of a CN that can be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment. [Figure 2A]

[0012] 10 shows an example of an on-time period and an off-time period in a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. [Figure 2B]

[0013] An example of WUS in DRX operation is shown below. [Figure 3]

[0014] 1 shows an example of OFDM-based OOK waveform generation with Manchester coding. [Figure 4]

[0015] An example of an OOK waveform in Manchester coding is shown below. [Figure 5]

[0016] An example of orthogonal OOK is shown below. [Figure 6]

[0017] 1 shows an example of the time domain characteristics of quadrature OOK waveforms. [Figure 7]

[0018] 1 shows an example of the frequency domain characteristics of quadrature OOK waveforms. [Figure 8]

[0019] 1 shows an example of a frame format for a wake-up control signal (WUCS). [Figure 9]

[0020] Examples of different options for the SYNC and information subsequences are given below. [Figure 10]

[0021] 1 shows an example of simultaneous SYNC transmission and WTRU multiplexing. [Figure 11]

[0022] An example of the use of OOK and OFDM transmission for WUS / GOS is given. [Figure 12]

[0023] 10 illustrates an example of a receiving implementation in a WTRU. [Figure 13]

[0024] An example of masking-based OOK generation is shown. [Figure 14]

[0025] An example of beam-based OOK generation is shown. [Figure 15]

[0026] 1 shows an example of an OOK WUS using energy detection and sequence detection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Detailed Description

[0027] 1A illustrates an example of a communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments can be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messages, broadcasts, and the like, to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable the multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiplexing access (CDMA), time division multiplexing access (TDMA), frequency division multiplexing access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tailed unique word DFT spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0010]

[0028] 1A, communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RANs 104 / 113, CNs 106 / 115, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA,” may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals, and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearables, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in connection with industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be referred to interchangeably as UEs.

[0011]

[0029] The communications system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communications networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNodeB, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, a gNB, a NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While each of the base stations 114a, 114b is depicted as a single element, it will be understood that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0012]

[0030] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals at one or more carrier frequencies and may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide wireless service coverage for a particular geographic area, and the coverage may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers (i.e., one for each sector of the cell). In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell, e.g., using beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0013]

[0031] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communications link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0014]

[0032] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base stations 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c of the RANs 104 / 113 may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), thereby establishing the air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0015]

[0033] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), thereby establishing an air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / or LTE Advanced (LTE-A), and / or LTE Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0016]

[0034] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access and thereby establish an air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0017]

[0035] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement both LTE radio access and NR radio access, e.g., using a dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0018]

[0036] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0019]

[0037] 1A may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a local area such as a business office, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or a femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required for access to the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0020]

[0038] The RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with the CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. The data may have various quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calls, Internet connectivity, video distribution, and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A , it will be understood that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs employing the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also communicate with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0021]

[0039] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) of the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0022]

[0040] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d of the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links.) For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that may employ cellular-based wireless technology and a base station 114b that may employ IEEE 802.11 wireless technology.

[0023]

[0041] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example of a WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1B, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0024]

[0042] The processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be incorporated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0025]

[0043] The transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be understood that the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0026]

[0044] 1B, the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0027]

[0045] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs (e.g., NR and IEEE 802.11, etc.).

[0028]

[0046] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. Additionally, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located in the WTRU 102, such as a server or home computer (not shown).

[0029]

[0047] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to other components of the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0030]

[0048] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or instead of information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0031]

[0049] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0032]

[0050] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio, in which case some or all transmissions and receptions of signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may occur in parallel and / or simultaneously. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference by hardware (e.g., a choke) or by signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or processor 118). In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for some or all transmissions and receptions of signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0033]

[0051] 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106, according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also communicate with the CN 106.

[0034]

[0052] The RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c, although it will be understood that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNodeB 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0035]

[0053] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other over an X2 interface.

[0036]

[0054] 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0037]

[0055] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 162a, 162b, 162c of the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during initial installation of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) (those employing other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA).

[0038]

[0056] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c of the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during handovers between eNodeBs, triggering paging when DL data is available to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0039]

[0057] The SGW 164 may be connected to a PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a packet-switched network (such as the Internet 110) to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0040]

[0058] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a circuit-switched network (such as the PSTN 108) to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional landline communication devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0041]

[0059] Although in Figures 1A-1D the WTRU is described as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments such a terminal may use a wired communication interface (e.g., temporarily or permanently) with a communication network.

[0042]

[0060] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0043]

[0061] An infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode WLAN may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access to or interface with a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic to and / or from the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS to a STA may arrive through the AP and be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from a STA to a destination outside the BSS may be transmitted to the AP for delivery to the respective destination. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be transmitted through the AP; for example, a source STA may transmit traffic to the AP, which may then deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be transmitted between a source STA and a destination STA (e.g., directly between them) using direct link setup (DLS). In one representative embodiment, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode does not have an AP, and the STAs within or using the IBSS (e.g., all of the STAs) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication is sometimes referred to herein as an "ad hoc" mode of communication.

[0044]

[0062] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, an AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel can be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In one representative embodiment, for example, in an 802.11 system, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented. With CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., all STAs), including the AP, can sense the primary channel. If a particular STA senses / detects and / or determines that the primary channel is in use, that particular STA can refrain from using it. Only one STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at a given time in a given BSS.

[0045]

[0063] High-throughput (HT) STAs may use 40 MHz wide channels for communication, for example, by combining a 20 MHz primary channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form the 40 MHz wide channel.

[0046]

[0064] A Very High Throughput (VHT) STA can support channels of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz width. A 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channel can be formed by combining adjacent 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight adjacent 20 MHz channels or two non-adjacent 80 MHz channels (which can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, data can be channel coded and then passed through a segment parser, which can split the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing can be performed separately on each stream. The streams can be mapped and transmitted onto two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations described above for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be transmitted to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0047]

[0065] Sub-1 GHz operating modes can be supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to representative embodiments, 802.11ah can support meter-type control / machine-type communications, such as MTC devices, in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have specific capabilities (e.g., limited capabilities), including support for specific and / or limited bandwidths (e.g., support for only specific and / or limited bandwidths). MTC devices may include batteries with above-threshold battery life (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0048]

[0066] A WLAN system that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, 802.11ah, etc.) includes a channel that can be designated as a primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the common maximum operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by a STA that supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. In an 802.11ah example, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for a STA (e.g., an MTC-type device) that supports (e.g., only supports) the 1 MHz mode, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) setting may depend on the status of the primary channel. For example, if the primary channel is in use due to a STA (that only supports 1 MHz mode of operation) transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered in use even though most of the frequency band remains idle and available.

[0049]

[0067] In the United States, the available frequency band that can be used by 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz depending on the country code.

[0050]

[0068] 1D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115, according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also communicate with the CN 115.

[0051]

[0069] While the RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, it will be understood that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a may transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a, for example, using multiple antennas. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be in an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be in a licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement coordinated multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or 180c).

[0052]

[0070] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, cells, and / or portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., including different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or lasting for different lengths of absolute time).

[0053]

[0071] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing another RAN (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c, etc.). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in unlicensed spectrum. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with a gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as an eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may act as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0054]

[0072] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support for network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can communicate with each other over the Xn interface.

[0055]

[0073] 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0056]

[0074] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c of the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration regions, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing can be used by the AMF 182a, 182b to customize CN support for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on Ultra-Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services relying on Enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, services for Machine Type Communications (MTC) access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) (those employing other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies (e.g., WiFi)).

[0057]

[0075] The SMFs 183a and 183b can be connected to the AMFs 182a and 182b of the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b can also be connected to the UPFs 184a and 184b of the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control the UPFs 184a and 184b and can configure the routing of traffic through the UPFs 184a and 184b. The SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and assigning UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, enforcing policy and controlling QoS, providing downlink data notification, and the like. The PDU session type can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0058]

[0076] The UPFs 184a, 184b may connect to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c of the RAN 113 via an N3 interface and may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to a packet-switched network (such as the Internet 110) to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPFs 184, 184b may perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0059]

[0077] The CN 115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. Additionally, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may connect to local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b through the UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface with the UPFs 184a, 184b and via an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0060]

[0078] 1A-1D and the corresponding descriptions thereof, one or more or all of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a, b, eNodeBs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a, b, UPFs 184a, b, SMFs 183a, b, DNs 185a, b, and / or any other devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functionality.

[0061]

[0079] The emulation devices can be designed to perform one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices can be fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communications network to test other devices in the communications network while performing one or more or all of the functions. One or more emulation devices can be temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communications network while performing one or more or all of the functions. The emulation devices can be directly coupled to another device for testing and / or can perform testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0062]

[0080] The one or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions (including all) while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communications network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in test laboratories and / or test scenarios in undeployed (e.g., test) wired and / or wireless communications networks to perform tests of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (which may, for example, include one or more antennas) may be used to transmit and / or receive data by the emulation devices.

[0063]

[0081] A discontinuous reception (DRX) operation may be performed. DRX may be used, for example, for battery conservation. During DRX, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may omit (e.g., not monitor) monitoring of a downlink (DL) control channel, such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). In a radio resource control (RRC) connected mode, the WTRU may use connected mode DRX (C-DRX). FIG. 2A shows examples of on-time periods and off-time periods in a DRX cycle. The WTRU may monitor a configured PDCCH during the on-time period, and / or the WTRU may sleep (e.g., not monitor the PDCCH) during the off-time period. The PDCCH may be used herein as a non-limiting example of a DL control channel.

[0064]

[0082] The DRX cycle may be a cycle (e.g., repeating or periodically repeating) of on-time periods and off-time periods. The WTRU may monitor the PDCCH during the on-time periods and / or the WTRU may omit monitoring the PDCCH (e.g., either) during the off-time periods.

[0065]

[0083] The DRX cycle may include a short DRX cycle and / or a long DRX cycle. A WTRU may use a short DRX cycle and a long DRX cycle over a period of time.

[0066]

[0084] The DRX inactivity timer can, for example, determine or can be used to determine a time (e.g., in terms of TTI time periods) after a PDCCH occasion, in which the PDCCH (e.g., successfully decoded) may indicate an uplink (UL) and / or DL ​​user data transmission (e.g., an initial UL and / or DL ​​user data transmission). The WTRU can use the DRX inactivity timer to determine when to enter an off time period.

[0067]

[0085] The DRX on time period may be the time period at the start of a DRX cycle.

[0068]

[0086] The DRX on-period timer may determine or may be used to determine the number of PDCCH occasions (e.g., consecutive PDCCH occasions) that may or may need to be monitored and / or decoded (e.g., by the WTRU), for example, after waking up from a DRX cycle and / or at the start of a DRX cycle.

[0069]

[0087] A PDCCH occasion may include a time period that includes a PDCCH (eg, a symbol, a symbol set, a slot, and / or a subframe).

[0070]

[0088] The DRX retransmission timer can, for example, determine or can be used to determine the number of PDCCH occasions (e.g., consecutive PDCCH occasions) to monitor when the WTRU expects a retransmission. The DRX retransmission timer can, for example, determine or can be used to determine the time period (e.g., maximum time period) until a DL retransmission is received or until a grant for a UL retransmission is received (e.g., maximum time period).

[0071]

[0089] The short DRX cycle may be the DRX cycle that the WTRU enters after the DRX inactivity timer expires (e.g., the first DRX cycle). The WTRU may be in the short DRX cycle if (e.g., until) the short DRX cycle timer expires. If the short DRX cycle timer expires, the WTRU may use the long DRX cycle.

[0072]

[0090] The DRX short cycle timer may, for example, determine or be used to determine the number of subframes (e.g., the number of consecutive subframes) that the WTRU follows a short DRX cycle after the DRX inactivity timer expires.

[0073]

[0091] FIG. 2A shows an example of on-time periods and off-time periods in a DRX cycle.

[0074]

[0092] During the off-time period, the WTRU may omit measuring or reporting channel status information (CSI) in the subframe. The subframe may be configured for measuring and / or reporting CSI reports (e.g., periodic CSI reports).

[0075]

[0093] The WTRU may (e.g., may need to) monitor the PDCCH or PDCCH occasions during the active time. The active time may occur during an on-time period. The active time may occur during an off-time period. The active time may begin during an on-time period and continue during an off-time period. The active time and the active time of a DRX cycle may be used interchangeably herein.

[0076]

[0094] The active time may include a time during which one or more of the following are true: a DRX timer (e.g., an on-hours timer, an inactivity timer, a retransmission timer (e.g., DL and / or UL) or a random access contention resolution timer) is running; a scheduling request is transmitted (e.g., on the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)) and / or is pending; a PDCCH indicating a different (e.g., new) transmission addressed to the Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) of the MAC entity of the WTRU may not have been received after successfully receiving a random access response to a random access preamble that was not selected by the MAC entity among the contention-based random access preambles.

[0077]

[0095] A wake-up signal (WUS) / go-to-sleep signal (GOS) may be used. The WUS and / or GOS may be used, for example, in DRX operation. The WUS / GOS may be associated with one or more DRX cycles. The WUS / GOS may transmit and / or receive (transmit and / or receive) before an associated time and / or part of a DRX cycle (e.g., an associated DRX cycle).

[0078]

[0096] 2B shows an example of WUS in DRX operation. If the WTRU receives WUS, the WTRU may monitor the PDCCH for one or more DRX cycles during the On time period. If the WTRU receives GOS, the WTRU may omit monitoring the PDCCH for one or more DRX cycles during the On time period and / or remain in (e.g., maintain) a sleep mode (e.g., deep sleep).

[0079]

[0097] A system or network may use a WUS and / or a GOS.

[0080]

[0098] Orthogonal On / Off Keying (OOK) may be used. There may be several ways to generate OOK symbols and / or encoded coded OOK symbols. In an example, one or more OOK symbols may be generated using OFDM or DFT-s-OFDM implementations. FIG. 3 shows an example of OFDM-based OOK waveform generation with Manchester encoding. As shown in FIG. 3, a sequence of s and 0 may be used to generate one or more OOK on and off symbols in the time domain, respectively. s may be an on symbol generator sequence. An OOK symbol time period may be a portion (e.g., half) of a DFT-s-OFDM symbol time period.

[0081]

[0099] The inputs of DFT-s-OFDM may be orthogonal to each other in the time domain, for example, to enable detection (e.g., simple detection) at the receiver. For example, in Manchester encoding in time, x1 = (s1, 0) and x2 = (0, s1), where s1 and s2 may be complex non-zero vectors of length M / 2. The time-domain signal may be shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 shows an example of an OOK waveform with Manchester encoding.

[0082]

[0100] In an example, multiple OOK symbols within an OFDM symbol time period (e.g., one OFDM symbol time period) can be generated by leveraging the structure of DFT-s-OFDM. Figure 4 shows an example of OFDM-based OOK waveform generation with Manchester encoding. The input for DFT-s-OFDM can be (e.g., initially) divided into K parts, and the sequence

number

number

[0083]

[0101] As shown in Figure 5, the first input of DFT-s-OFDM (e.g., M h ) and / or the last input (e.g., M t ) can be set to zero, for example, to improve shaping in the time domain. FDSS can be utilized (e.g., in addition to and / or instead of) to reduce side lobes of, for example, a Dirichlet sinc function. The energy during the CP period can be, for example,

number

[0084]

[0102] FIG. 6 illustrates example time-domain characteristics of an orthogonal OOK waveform. FIG. 6 illustrates example samples of a time-domain signal at the output of an IDFT block. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, samples in which energy (e.g., above a threshold) is detected may correspond to a "1" bit at the input, and samples with little or no energy (e.g., energy below a threshold) may correspond to a "0" bit at the input. As described herein, the WTRU may detect on / off bits (e.g., an on / off bit pattern) using, for example, energy detection. The WTRU may detect a sequence associated with the OOK waveform. FIG. 7 illustrates example frequency-domain characteristics of an orthogonal OOK waveform. In FIG. 6 and / or FIG. 7, the time and / or frequency-domain characteristics of an orthogonal OOK waveform may be shown for a 4 MHz signal. It may be assumed that the IDFT size is N=4096 and M=22×12=264, and / or the impulse response of the FDSS filter in time is [0.28 1 0.28]. M h and / or M t For example, to avoid energy during the CP period, h =2 and / or M t = 20. i For length M s A Zadov-Chu sequence with k = 11 can be selected (e.g., randomly selected). K = 22 OOK symbols can be transmitted in the time domain. In Figure 6, the time domain characteristics of the generated signal after CP addition can be obtained for b = (1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1). The side lobes of the Dirichlet sinc function can be efficiently suppressed by FDSS. The energy during the CP period is low (e.g., M t = 20, so it can be always very low). Good (e.g., excellent) OOB emissions (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7) can be achieved. The discontinuity between DFT-s-OFDM symbols can be low.

[0085]

[0103] A WUS and / or GOS may be generated. A signal may be generated to include a WUS, a GOS, and / or some other signals. The generated signals described herein may include one or more of the following: Generating a signal (e.g., including a WUS, a GOS, and / or some other signals) allows the WTRU to operate at less than full power when demodulating the WUS and / or GOS. For example, the WTRU does not (e.g., does not need to) operate at full power when demodulating the WUS and / or GOS (e.g., portions of the WTRU RF and / or baseband remain off). Multiple accesses in the time, frequency, or code domain may be allowed. Accurate synchronization may be allowed. It may be possible to convey information related to a WTRU ID or WTRU group ID (e.g., rich information) and / or dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH) resource information during power-saving on periods, etc. (e.g., in a signal generated to include a WUS, a GOS, and / or other signals as described herein).

[0086]

[0104] A WUS / GOS with reduced interference (eg, interference-free WUS / GOS) may be used.

[0087]

[0105] A format for the wake-up control signal (WUCS) can be used.

[0088]

[0106] The WUCS may include signals used to control and / or configure the behavior of WTRUs during power save on periods. The WUCS can be used, for example, to control designated WTRUs (e.g., some or all WTRUs in a cell) with respect to when and / or how to wake up if the WUCS signals the WTRU to wake up. The WUCS can signal the WTRU to continue sleeping (e.g., maintain a sleep state) and / or for how long (e.g., for how long) to stay in the sleep state.

[0089]

[0107] A WUCS frame may include one or more portions (e.g., three portions). The portions of a WUCS frame may include one or more of a synchronization signal, WUCS information, and / or a reference signal (RS). One or more portions may be generated and / or represented in the time domain. One or more portions may be generated and / or represented in the frequency domain. In examples, the portions may be generated and / or represented in a hybrid of the time and frequency domains (e.g., some portions are generated / represented in the time domain and other portions are generated / represented in the frequency domain). FIG. 8 shows an example frame format for WUCS. As shown in FIG. 8, the frame format for WUCS may include a SYNC, WUCS information, and RS. The WUCS information portion shown in FIG. 8 may have data indicated by, for example, bits and / or sequences. The SYNC portion shown in FIG. 8 may be used for synchronization. The RS portion shown in FIG. 8 may be used for reference signals.

[0090]

[0108] The WUCS portions can be used (e.g., concatenated) in different orders. For example, the WUCS information sequence shown in FIG. 9 can occur before, after, and / or during the SYNC sequence, as shown in FIG. 9. A different allocation of one or more portions can indicate certain information. The relative allocation between portions (e.g., fields as shown in FIG. 9) can convey certain information. The relative allocation between one or more portions can be pre-defined or blindly detected. FIG. 9 shows examples of different options for the SYNC and information subsequences. As shown in FIG. 9, a different order of the SYNC sequence and information fields in time can be used (e.g., to indicate certain information).

[0091]

[0109] A WUCS can be generated. A WUCS or a portion of a WUCS can be represented using sequences and / or symbols (e.g., time-domain orthogonal on / off keying (OOK) sequences and / or OOK symbols). An OOK sequence can include a sequence of 0s and 1s. An OOK symbol can represent a corresponding signal in time (e.g., by a square wave). In an example, a "0" can represent an "off" symbol and a "1" can represent an "on" symbol. The sequence can be represented as {b i , i=1,...,K}, where K may be the number of OOK sequences that can be used for different purposes (e.g., as described herein).

[0092]

[0110] The OOK sequence and / or symbols may be further coded. For example, the OOK sequence and / or symbols may map "0" and "1" to a binary sequence (e.g., another binary sequence). In Manchester coding, bit "0" may be mapped to (0 1) and / or bit "1" may be mapped to (1 0). In an example, bit "0" and bit "1" may be mapped to different bit patterns, such as (0 1 0 1 0 1) and (1 0 1 0 1 0), respectively. The OOK sequence and / or symbols may be received using a non-coherent detector (e.g., if the WTRU receiver has that capability during sleep periods). The non-coherent detector may include an envelope detector and / or an energy detector.

[0093]

[0111] OOK sequences and / or symbols (e.g., (b1, b2, ..., b K )) may be used for synchronization by the WTRU.

[0094]

[0112] For example, if the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to one another, the OOK sequences and / or symbols may be used as (e.g., may be used to indicate) a WTRU ID or a WTRU group ID. For example, if the OOK sequences and / or symbols have low or very low correlation between them, the OOK sequences and / or symbols may be used as a WTRU ID or a WTRU group ID.

[0095]

[0113] For example, if the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to one another or have low or very low correlation between them, the OOK sequences and / or symbols can be used to distinguish between those signals. For example, if the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to one another, the OOK sequences and / or symbols can be used to distinguish between the WUS and the GOS. If the OOK sequences and / or symbols have low or very low correlation between them, the OOK sequences and / or symbols can be used to distinguish between the WUS and the GOS. If the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to one another and / or have low or very low correlation between them, the OOK sequences and / or symbols can be used to distinguish between any other signals that may control or signal the behavior of the WTRU during power saving on periods. If the OOK sequences and / or symbols are orthogonal to one another and / or have low or very low correlation between them, the OOK sequences and / or symbols can be used to distinguish between any other signals that may control or signal the behavior of the WTRU during other power saving related mechanisms (e.g., different power saving cycles). The WUS symbols may be constructed of a (0,1,0,1,...,0,1) sequence (e.g., only a (0,1,0,1,...,0,1) sequence). The GOS symbols may be constructed of a (1,0,1,0,...,1,0) sequence. Hadamard codes may be used for the GOS and WUS signals. The WUS symbols may be predefined. For example, a (0,1,0,1,...,0,1) sequence may indicate a WUS symbol. If the WTRU receives a (0,1,0,1,...) sequence, the WTRU may wake up. The GOS symbols may be predefined. For example, a (1,0,1,0,...,1,0) sequence may indicate a GOS symbol. If the WTRU receives a (1,0,1,0,...,1,0) sequence, the WTRU may sleep.The Hadamard codes described herein may be examples of sequences that may be used for the selection of predefined sequences.

[0096]

[0114] OOK sequence (e.g., (b1,b2,...,b K )) may include a subsequence for SYNC. The subsequence for SYNC may be predefined. The OOK sequence may include a subsequence for additional wake-up and / or WTRU / WTRU group information (e.g., alone or in addition to the subsequence for SYNC), which may include RS in the time and / or frequency domain.

[0097]

[0115] One or more (e.g., predefined) sequences may be used for SYNC, wakeup information, WTRU / WTRU group information, WTRU ID, WTRU group ID, and / or the like. The SYNC, wakeup information, WTRU / WTRU group information, WTRU ID, WTRU group ID described herein may be examples of information for sequences and are not limited to SYNC, wakeup information, WTRU / WTRU group information, WTRU ID, WTRU group ID.

[0098]

[0116] SYNC (eg, SYNC field) and user multiplexing can occur simultaneously.

[0099]

[0117] A sequence of OOK symbols or a set of OOK symbols (e.g., coded or uncoded) can be used for SYNC (e.g., a SYNC field). If a set of possible OOK sequences is used for SYNC (e.g., a SYNC sequence), the OOK sequence (e.g., each OOK sequence) can be associated with a cell ID, a WTRU group ID, or a WTRU ID, which, in examples, may enable per-cell wake-up, group wake-up, or individual wake-up, respectively.

[0100]

[0118] sequence (e.g., the sequence {s i}) can be used to represent one or more of a cell ID, a WTRU group ID, or a WTRU ID. Some of the sequences can be used, for example, the sequence {s i} can be used as RS for coherent detection.

[0101]

[0119] In the example, OOK symbol generation in DFT-s-OFDM generates a sequence s i It is possible to allow coherent detection of the elements of the sequence s i The sequence s can be used to convey information (e.g., information related to WTRU power saving) and / or to enable simultaneous SYNC in time (e.g., as shown in FIG. 10). i The SYNC sequence may be used to multiplex different WTRUs (e.g., by using different sequences) and / or to allow simultaneous SYNC in time (e.g., as shown in FIG. 10). The SYNC sequence may be based on a cell ID. The SYNC sequence may indicate a GOS and / or a WUS. For WTRU IDs, orthogonal s i The Zadovchu sequence can be used to wake up and / or sleep the intended WTRU. iThe Zadoff-Chu sequences may be utilized for different WTRUs to improve signal quality (e.g., coherent detection of elements of the signal). The Zadoff-Chu sequences may be utilized for different WTRUs to transmit information related to a WTRU ID or a WTRU group ID. The Zadoff-Chu sequences may be utilized for different WTRUs to transmit information related to whether the WTRU should wake up and / or remain asleep during WTRU power saving on or off periods, for example. The Zadoff-Chu sequences may be utilized for different WTRUs to transmit information related to PDCCH allocations in time and / or frequency during power saving on periods, for example.

[0102]

[0120] Sequence s i Some of the RSs may be used as RSs, for example, if coherent detection is used by the WTRU. The RSs may be inserted in the frequency domain. Figure 10 shows an example of simultaneous SYNC transmission and WTRU multiplexing.

[0103]

[0121] The WUCS information field can be used. The WUCS information field can be represented using an OOK sequence. Some of the OOK sequences can represent certain information (e.g., WUS and / or GOS). The sequence {s} used to generate the "on" symbol of the OOK signal (e.g., OOK waveform) can be used. i} can convey other information (e.g., other additional information). For example, if the OOK sequence indicates "wake up and check DPCCH at the next power-saving on period," the sequence {s i} can convey information about the location of the PDCCH (e.g., in time-frequency resources). i} may carry other information (e.g., cell ID, WTRU and / or WTRU group ID). The SYNC frame may carry such information. Some of the sequences may be used as RS, for example, for some of the "on" OOK symbols / time periods.

[0104]

[0122] In an example, a SYNC sequence may include multiple OOK waveforms. An information subsequence (e.g., a field) may include multiple OFDM symbols. The multiple OFDM symbols may be modulated with several sequences and / or modulation symbols (e.g., quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) as shown in FIG. 11). A receiver may demodulate the OFDM waveform to receive additional information related to the WUS, GOS, and / or any other power saving related information, for example, after the receiver achieves SYNC with the OOK sequence. The OFDM waveform (e.g., OFDM symbols) may include reference symbols and / or sequences related to the WUS and / or GOS for one or more WTRUs. WTRUs may be multiplexed on the same subcarrier, for example, by using orthogonal sequences. The orthogonal sequences may be generated by using cyclic shifts of time-domain signals (e.g., of unimodular sequences in frequency). The SYNC sequence may be correlated with a cell ID and a WTRU ID or a WTRU group ID, for example, to reduce interference. FIG. 11 shows an example of the use of OOK and OFDM transmission for WUS / GOS.

[0105]

[0123] One or more reference signals can be added to the WUCS. Additional RSs can be added to the WUCS. The RSs can be presented in the time domain, for example, as input to a DFT of a DFT-s-OFDM operation. The RSs can be presented in the frequency domain, for example, as input to a DFT of an OFDM operation. The RSs are added to the sequence {s i} can be used to achieve more coherent detection.

[0106]

[0124] A receiving implementation may be used, which may include one or more of the features shown in FIG. 12 and / or described herein.

[0107]

[0125] The WUS / GOS may be assumed to include SYNC and / or WTRU / WTRU group ID in a time-domain OOK format. The WUS / GOS may be assumed to include PDCCH resource allocation information, for example, in a sequence used to generate an OOK waveform. A receiving implementation (e.g., similar to that shown in Figure 12) may be used. Figure 12 shows an example of a receiving implementation in a WTRU.

[0108]

[0126] OOK waveform enhancement can be performed.

[0109]

[0127] For example, OOK randomization can be used for OOK waveform enhancement.

[0110]

[0128] The sequences in different parts of the input side of the DFT-s-OFDM (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5) may be different from each other. The sequences in different parts of the input side of the DFT-s-OFDM may be different from each other to randomize the signal (e.g., increase its randomness). The sequences in different parts of the input side of the DFT-s-OFDM may be different from each other to avoid high power spectral density at certain tones in the spectrum. For example, different roots of the Zadoff-Chu sequence may be used in different parts of the input side of the DFT-s-OFDM. The different roots of the Zadoff-Chu sequence may be selected based on pseudorandom numbers (e.g., linear feedback shift registers). In an example, a cyclically shifted version of the Zadoff-Chu sequence may be utilized in different parts. The selection of the sequence may depend on a WTRU index and / or parameters related to the cell ID.

[0111]

[0129] For example, for OOK waveform enhancement, OOK symbols can be used with OFDM symbols having multiple subcarrier spacing values.

[0112]

[0130] In an example, OOK symbols may be generated using OFDM symbols with a high (e.g., higher) subcarrier spacing (e.g., shorter OFDM symbol time periods), such as 30 kHz or 60 kHz. A "1" bit may be encoded by the presence of an OFDM symbol. An absence (e.g., nothing) of an OFDM symbol may be transmitted for a "0" bit.

[0113]

[0131] For example, uniform OOK symbols for mask-based OOK can be used for OOK waveform enhancement.

[0114]

[0132] In an example, the OOK signal may be generated by generating OFDM symbols and (e.g., then) masking the OFDM symbols (e.g., masking a time-domain OFDM signal as shown in FIG. 13). The OOK signal may undergo further processing. For example, the OOK signal may be filtered.

[0115]

[0133] A sequence y of length M (M×1) For example, the coefficients can be loaded onto a set of interleaved subcarriers of a given band of the channel. For example, in an interleaved allocation, zeros can be mapped onto subcarriers between two subcarriers loaded with coefficients from the sequence. The number of zeros can be (L-1), where L can be called the interleaving factor.

[0116]

[0134] The output of the IDFT may have a repetitive structure (e.g., in the allocation type herein). The output of the IDFT may include repetitions of a time-domain signal. In FIG. 13, a signal that repeats multiple times may be represented by a vector x. The number of repetitions of the signal may be equal to L. The vector x and sequence y may be related to the IDFT (e.g., subject to a scaling factor, i.e., x = IDFT(y) / L).

[0117]

[0135] Some (e.g., each) of the repeated signals can be masked to create an OOK signal. As shown in Figure 13, each x can be masked. For example, each x can be multiplied by 1 (on) or 0 (off), thereby creating an OOK signal. On and off signals can be created by masking the OFDM symbols with other integer pairs other than 1 and 0.

[0118]

[0136] The WTRU may detect on and off bits and / or on and off bit patterns upon receiving an OFDM signal, e.g., as shown in Figures 6, 10, and / or 15. The WTRU may detect on and off bits / bit patterns, which may provide a first level of information. For example, the WTRU may detect on and off bits / bit patterns, e.g., by using energy detection. If the detected energy is above a threshold (e.g., a preconfigured threshold), the WTRU may detect an on bit (e.g., as shown in Figures 6, 10, and / or 15). If the detected energy is below a threshold (e.g., a preconfigured threshold), the WTRU may detect an off bit (e.g., as shown in Figures 6, 10, and / or 15). As shown in Figures 6, 10, and / or 15, the WTRU may detect the on / off bit pattern, e.g., using energy detection. The bit pattern may be or include a binary number, such as (1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1), as shown as an example in FIGS. 6 and / or 15. The detected bit pattern may convey information (e.g., first level information). For example, the bit pattern may be or include an indication (e.g., WUS) to the WTRU (and / or, e.g., a group of WTRUs) to wake up from a sleep state. The bit pattern may be or include an indication (e.g., GOS) to the WTRU (and / or, e.g., a group of WTRUs) to remain asleep.

[0119]

[0137] When a WTRU (and / or a group of WTRUs, for example) wakes up from a sleep state, the WTRU may use x and / or y as described herein or the sequence {s i}, etc. The sequence may convey information (e.g., second level information). For example, the sequence may convey a WTRU group ID and / or a WTRU ID. The sequence may include information about the upcoming PDCCH resource (e.g., PDCCH location). The WTRU may detect sequences such as sequences x and / or y as described herein or sequences as shown in FIGS. 6, 10 and / or 15, which provide second level information as described herein.

[0120]

[0138] The on / off bits and sequences may be used (e.g., used together) to transmit information to a WTRU. For example, the on / off bits / bit pattern may provide a first level of information (e.g., wake up a WTRU or group of WTRUs from a sleep state or keep a WTRU or group of WTRUs asleep). The sequence (e.g., one or more sequences, a set of sequences, a set of sequences, an order of sequences) may provide a second level of information. For example, the sequence may be or include information about the next PDCCH resource, a WTRU ID, a WTRU group ID, etc. If the sequence matches a preconfigured pattern, the WTRU may decode the second level of information.

[0121]

[0139] Example implementations for a WTRU or group of WTRUs may include one of more of the following: The WTRU may receive an OFDM signal. The WTRU may detect an on / off bit associated with the OFDM signal, e.g., using energy detection as described herein. The WTRU may store the received OFDM signal. If the detected on / off bit matches a preconfigured bit pattern, the WTRU may wake up from a sleep state. If the detected on / off bit does not match a preconfigured bit pattern, the WTRU may remain in a sleep state. As described herein, the detected on / off bit may provide a first level of information. The WTRU may detect / decode a sequence associated with the stored OFDM signal. As described herein, the detected sequence may provide a second level of information. If the sequence associated with the stored OFDM signal matches a preconfigured sequence, the WTRU may perform a specified action.

[0122]

[0140] If the WTRU receives a particular bit pattern of on / off bits, the WTRU may be configured to perform a first particular action. If the WTRU receives a particular sequence (e.g., a sequence that matches a stored / pre-configured sequence), the WTRU may be configured to perform a second particular action. As shown in Figures 6, 10 and / or 15, the bit pattern may be a series of binary digits. As shown in Figures 6, 10 and / or 15, the sequence may be determined based on the OFDM signal by applying receive processing such as, for example, a DFT, equalization, IDFT and / or channel estimation.

[0123]

[0141] Upon receiving an OFDM signal, the WTRU may determine a receive pattern and receive sequence of on / off bits associated with the OFDM signal. In an example, if the receive pattern and receive sequence of on / off bits match the configured pattern and configured sequence of on / off bits, the WTRU may wake up from a sleep state. If the receive pattern and / or receive sequence of on / off bits associated with the OFDM signal do not match the configured pattern and configured sequence of on / off bits, the WTRU may continue to sleep (e.g., remain asleep) or perform another configured action.

[0124]

[0142] The on / off bits can be targeted to a group of WTRUs. For example, the on / off bits / bit pattern can be specific to a WTRU group. The sequence can be specific to a WTRU. For example, if the on / off bits / bit pattern matches a preconfigured on / off bit / bit pattern for a WTRU group, the WTRUs in that group can wake up and / or proceed to detect the sequence. If the detected sequence matches a stored / preconfigured sequence for WTRUs in the WTRU group, the WTRUs in that WTRU group can, for example, wake up from a sleep state. In an example, the on / off bit pattern can be used as a WTRU-specific indication, and the sequence can be configured as a WTRU-group-specific indication. In an example, the on / off bit pattern and sequence can be used together, for example, to indicate different sets of WTRUs in a cell to perform specific tasks.

[0125]

[0143] The OFDM signal may have a repetitive structure. A receiving WTRU can use a signal (e.g., an OFDM signal) with a repetitive structure for synchronization. The OFDM signal can be transmitted multiple times, for example, to improve the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). For example, the OFDM signal can be repeated (e.g., at least twice) within a slot.

[0126]

[0144] In an example, the sequence y may be multiplexed with a known reference signal, e.g., before mapping to a set of interleaved subcarriers. For example, the output of the multiplexer may be or include (y0, y1, r0, y2, y3, r1,...), where r = [r0, r1,..., r K ] may be a reference signal of length K symbols. Some symbols (e.g., each symbol) may be or include a QPSK modulation symbol. The output of the multiplexer may be mapped to a set of interleaved subcarriers. If an OOK signal is received (as soon as the OOK signal is received), the WTRU may perform channel estimation using the reference signal. The WTRU may detect the sequence y using the channel estimation.

[0127]

[0145] In an example, if the received SINR is low (e.g., below a certain value), the WTRU may omit (e.g., not use) the information conveyed by the sequence. In an example, the WTRU may be configured to ignore the estimated / detected sequence and / or not attempt to estimate / detect the sequence.

[0128]

[0146] In an example, y may include coded and / or modulated information bits. For example, the k information bits may be coded with a channel encoder and / or modulated with QPSK modulation. The coded bits may have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The CRC may be scrambled with a specific radio network temporary identifier (RNTI). The information bits may be used to convey information to a WTRU or a group of WTRUs. For example, the information may be or include one or more of a WTRU ID, a WTRU group ID, information associated with a PDCCH, and / or the like. The WTRU may have access to the information. The WTRU may detect (e.g., initially detect) the on / off bit. If the WTRU detects the on / off bit, the WTRU may decide to proceed further with detecting the information bits. FIG. 13 shows an example of masking-based OOK generation.

[0129]

[0147] For example, beam-based OOK can be used for OOK waveform enhancement.

[0130]

[0148] A beam-based OOK signal can be generated for a WUS / GOS, and for example, one or more of the following may apply: An OFDM symbol can be generated. The time-domain OFDM signal can be beamformed in one or more spatial directions, for example, within a DFT-s-OFDM symbol or a time period of an OFDM symbol. FIG. 14 shows an example of beam-based OOK generation. The example shown in FIG. 14 may be for a WUS / GOS using a beamformer. In the example shown in FIG. 14, K different portions of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol can be beamformed with K different beams.

[0131]

[0149] The K portions of a DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be orthogonal and / or non-overlapping in the time domain. The time lengths for the portions (e.g., each portion) within a DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be the same. The time lengths for the portions (e.g., each portion) within a DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be different.

[0132]

[0150] The number of beams may be less than or equal to the number of portions. The number of portions associated with a beam may be determined, configured, and / or used based on one or more of the following: The k portions may be contiguous or dispersed within a DFT-s-OFDM symbol (e.g., assume that k portions may be associated with a beam). k may be determined based on the number of Tx beams and / or Rx beams used. k may be determined based on at least one of the number of Tx beams and / or Rx beams, the number of portions, and / or the number of DFT-s-OFDM symbols used for beam-based OOK WUS / GOS transmission.

[0133]

[0151] The one or more portions associated with the beam may include monitored control information associated with the beam (e.g., PDCCH), data information associated with the beam (e.g., PDSCH),

number

[0134]

[0152] The one or more portions associated with a beam may include monitored control information (e.g., PDCCH) associated with the beam. Beam-specific control information may be transmitted in the one or more portions associated with the beam.

[0135]

[0153] The one or more portions associated with a beam may include beam reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS, Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) and / or Demodulation Reference Signals (DMRSs) of SYNC and / or RS of PDCCH / PDSCH and / or WCSG).

number

[0136]

[0154] The sequence of one or more portions of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol may include beam-related information (e.g., beam index and / or panel identifier (ID)).

[0137]

[0155] The beam reference signal (BRS) can be transmitted in one or more parts. The BRS sequence length can be determined based on the number of parts used for beam reference signal transmission. For example, the first BRS sequence length can be used when the BRS is transmitted on K1 parts, and the second BRS sequence length can be used when the BRS is transmitted on K2 parts. For example, if K1 < K2, the first BRS sequence length can be shorter than the second BRS sequence length. When a wider beam width is used, a longer BRS sequence length can be used.

[0138]

[0156] The input signal s can be segmented into parts as s = [s1 s2... s K 1×M Each s i can have the same or different lengths. Each s i can start and / or end with the number of zero elements, for example, to enable the transition from one beam to another. For example, s i = [0... 0 σ1... σ Li 0... 0] can be, and σ i = [σ1... σ Li is a non-zero vector. One or more of the following may apply. The number of zero elements in a part (e.g., each part) of the input signal (s i ) can be determined based on the number of bits transmitted in each part of the input signal. The number of zero elements in a part (e.g., each part) of the input signal can be configured and / or indicated by the transmitter. For example, while one or more parts of the input signal may be based on one or more (e.g., all) zero elements, zero elements cannot be used for a part of the input signal (s i ). For example, the even parts of the input signal can be based on one or more (e.g., all) non-zero elements. The odd parts of the input signal can be based on one or more (e.g., all) zero elements. The odd parts can be used as gaps. The reference signal and / or data are the non-zero vectors σ of a part (e.g., each part) of the input signal i ​For example, one or more non-zero elements (e.g., σ, σ) can be used as a reference signal, and the remaining non-zero elements (e.g., σ, ..., σ) can be multiplexed within Li ) can be used as a data transmission (e.g., the data can be control information or unicast traffic information). In an example, the vector s can be used to assist in other system functions (e.g., channel sounding, synchronization, and / or the like) and / or to assist in conveying some of the system information (e.g., cell ID, number of TX antennas, system frame number, subframe number, slot number, minislot number, channel or service type, etc.). i may be the same for the K parts. In an example, the vector σ may be used to indicate the identity of the beam transmitted to the receiver, e.g., to facilitate the beam pairing and / or beam selection process. i can convey an identity (e.g., a unique identity). i may carry a combination of identities (eg, WTRU ID, WTRU group ID, panel ID, or cell ID) along with some common information of the K parts.

[0139]

[0157] As described herein, FIG. 15 (e.g., in conjunction with FIGS. 5, 6, and 10) illustrates an example of an OOK WUS using energy detection and sequence detection associated with an OFDM signal. For example, a WTRU may use energy detection to detect an on / off bit / bit pattern (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and / or 10). The on / off bit / bit pattern associated with the OFDM signal may provide a first level of information (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 6 and / or 10). The on / off bit / bit pattern may indicate a WTRU or group of WTRUs to wake up from a sleep state and indicate another WTRU and / or group of WTRUs to remain asleep, as described herein. When a WTRU or group of WTRUs wakes up from a sleep state, the WTRU or group of WTRUs may detect a sequence associated with the OFDM signal (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 6 and / or 10). The detected sequence may include a second level of information. For example, the sequence may include a group ID. The sequence may contain information about upcoming PDCCH resource information, and may be used as a synchronization signal and / or a reference signal.

[0140]

[0158] In examples, the methods and implementations described herein may be applied to NR (e.g., NR licensed spectrum, NR unlicensed spectrum, and / or other scenarios).

[0141]

[0159] Although the features and elements of the present invention are described in specific combinations in preferred embodiments, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiments, or can be used in various combinations with or without the other features and elements of the present invention.

[0142]

[0160] Although the solutions described herein take into account LTE, LTE-A, New Radio (NR) or 5G specific protocols, it is understood that the solutions described herein are not limited to this scenario and are also applicable to other wireless systems.

Claims

1. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) including a processor, the processor comprising: receiving a signal from a base station while the WTRU is in a sleep state; detecting a first level of information indicated via said signal, wherein a bit pattern indicated by said signal provides said first level of information; determining to transition from the sleep state to a wake-up state based on the first level of information; decoding the signal based on the determination to transition from the sleep state to the wake-up state and determining a second level of information associated with the signal; The WTRU is configured to:

2. 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the signal is an on-off keying (OOK) signal, and the OOK signal includes a set of OOK symbols using a set of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein detecting the first level of information includes the processor being configured to detect sets of on and off bits using energy detection.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to transition from the sleep state to the wake-up state based on a determination that the bit pattern matches a configuration bit pattern.

5. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to detect, based on the determination to transition from the sleep state to the wake-up state, the second level of information indicated via the signal, a sequence associated with the bit pattern providing the second level of information, the second level of information being different from the first level of information, and the second level of information including at least one of a WTRU group ID or a WTRU ID.

6. The processor: determining whether the sequence matches a configuration sequence; determining that the signal is directed to the WTRU based on the WTRU group ID or the WTRU ID matching the WTRU based on a determination that the sequence matches the configured sequence; The WTRU of claim 5 , configured to:

7. 6. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein the sequences include a first sequence, a second sequence, and a third sequence, the bit pattern includes a first bit, a second bit, and a third bit, wherein a value of the first bit is 1, a value of the second bit is 1, and a value of the third bit is zero, the first sequence associated with the first bit includes a first sequence of non-zero values, the second sequence associated with the second bit includes a second sequence of non-zero values, and the third sequence associated with the third bit includes a sequence of zero values.

8. The WTRU of claim 7 , wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are different.

9. The WTRU of claim 7 , wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are the same.

10. The second level information includes information associated with a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resource location, and the processor: determining whether the sequence matches a configuration sequence; monitoring PDCCH resources based on the PDCCH resource location based on a determination that the sequence matches the configuration sequence; The WTRU of claim 5 , configured to:

11. The processor: determining whether the bit pattern matches a configuration bit pattern; maintaining the sleep state based on a determination that the bit pattern does not match the configuration bit pattern; The WTRU of claim 1 , configured to:

12. receiving a signal from a base station while a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) is in a sleep state; detecting a first level of information indicated via said signal, wherein a bit pattern indicated by said signal provides said first level of information; determining to transition from the sleep state to a wake-up state based on the first level of information; decoding the signal based on the determination to transition from the sleep state to the wake-up state and determining a second level of information associated with the signal; A method comprising:

13. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the signal is an on-off keying (OOK) signal, and the OOK signal includes a set of OOK symbols using a set of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

14. Detecting the first level of information includes:

13. The method of claim 12, comprising detecting the sets of on and off bits using energy detection.

15. 13. The method of claim 12, comprising: based on the determination to transition from the sleep state to the wake-up state, detecting second level information indicated via the signal, wherein a sequence associated with the bit pattern provides the second level information, the second level information being different from the first level information, and the second level information including one or more of a WTRU group ID or a WTRU ID.

16. determining whether the sequence matches a configuration sequence; determining that the signal is directed to the WTRU based on the WTRU group ID or the WTRU ID matching the WTRU based on a determination that the sequence matches the configured sequence; 16. The method of claim 15, comprising:

17. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the sequences include a first sequence, a second sequence, and a third sequence, the bit pattern includes a first bit, a second bit, and a third bit, wherein the value of the first bit is one, the value of the second bit is one, and the value of the third bit is zero, the first sequence associated with the first bit includes a first sequence of non-zero values, the second sequence associated with the second bit includes a second sequence of non-zero values, and the third sequence associated with the third bit includes a sequence of zero values.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are different.

19. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are the same.

20. The second level information includes information associated with a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resource location, and the method further comprises: determining whether the sequence matches a configuration sequence; monitoring PDCCH resources based on the PDCCH resource location based on a determination that the sequence matches the configuration sequence; 16. The method of claim 15, comprising:

Images