Virtual Power Plant Power Management System

Abstract

To provide a virtual power plant power management system capable of suppressing follow-up delay when switching between charging and discharging operations of a vehicle battery.SOLUTION: A virtual power plant power management system according to the present invention includes a control server that calculates the minimum value of the discharge limit output possible power amount of an onboard battery of each vehicle, the output possible power amount until charge / discharge switching, and the charging limit output possible power amount as the output possible power amount of each vehicle, distributes the instantaneous output request value to each vehicle according to the amount of power that each vehicle can output when the calculated sum of the outputtable power amount of each vehicle is larger than the instantaneous output request value for the vehicle group, and controls charging and discharging operations of the onboard battery of each vehicle according to the distributed instantaneous output demand value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a power management system for a virtual power plant (VPP) that controls the charging and discharging operations of the onboard batteries of each vehicle so as to follow the output power amount requirements and instantaneous output requirements for a group of vehicles. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes an electric power management system that includes a prediction means for predicting changes in the power supply and demand gap for each microgrid, an acquisition means for acquiring vehicle information including at least the remaining charge of the secondary battery for electric vehicles located within an area corresponding to each microgrid, and a distribution means for distributing information regarding the charging and discharging of the secondary battery to electric vehicles based on the prediction results of the prediction means and the vehicle information acquired by the acquisition means, wherein the distribution means distributes information to specified electric vehicles to encourage them to charge and discharge the secondary battery so as to equalize the power supply and demand gap in each microgrid. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-114090 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In recent years, there has been growing interest in operating electric vehicles as part of a virtual power plant (VPP) by linking their battery functions with the power infrastructure and optimizing the charge / discharge amount and timing of their onboard batteries. VPPs have two applications: balancing supply and demand by controlling output power (kWh) and regulating frequency by controlling instantaneous power (kW). Simultaneous control of output power and instantaneous power is required to effectively utilize limited battery resources. To address this issue, a method has been proposed in which the instantaneous power control request is proportionally allocated to each electric vehicle and superimposed on the output power control command for each electric vehicle. However, this method can sometimes result in a tracking delay when switching between onboard battery charging and discharging, such as when the output power control command is switched to a discharging command despite being a charging command for the onboard battery, or when the power control command is switched to a charging command despite being a discharging command for the onboard battery. Therefore, there is a need for a technology that can suppress tracking delays when switching between onboard battery charging and discharging.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a power management system for a virtual power plant that can suppress tracking delays when switching between charging and discharging operations of an onboard battery. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The power management system of a virtual power plant according to the present invention is a power management system of a virtual power plant that controls the charging and discharging operations of the onboard batteries of each vehicle to follow the output power requirements and instantaneous output requirements for the vehicle group, and is characterized in that it calculates the minimum value of the discharge limit output power capacity of the onboard batteries of each vehicle, the output power capacity until charge / discharge switching, and the charge limit output power capacity as the output power capacity of each vehicle, and if the sum of the calculated output power capacities of each vehicle is greater than the instantaneous output requirement value for the vehicle group, it allocates the instantaneous output requirement value to each vehicle according to the magnitude of the output power capacity of each vehicle, and controls the charging and discharging operations of the onboard batteries of each vehicle according to the allocated instantaneous output requirement value.

[0007] In the power management system for a virtual power plant according to the present invention, if the sum of the available output power of each vehicle is equal to or less than the instantaneous output required value for the vehicle group, the control server calculates the sum of the available output power of each vehicle until the charge / discharge switching of its onboard battery, and if the sum of the available output power of each vehicle until the charge / discharge switching of its onboard battery is greater than the instantaneous output required value for the vehicle group, sets the available output power of each vehicle until the charge / discharge switching of its onboard battery. This allows the vehicle to follow the instantaneous output required without switching the battery charge / discharge operation.

[0008] In the power management system for a virtual power plant according to the present invention, in the above invention, the control server calculates the sum of the smaller of the discharge limit output power and the charge limit output power of the onboard battery of each vehicle when the sum of the output power capacity of the onboard battery of each vehicle up to the charge / discharge switching is equal to or less than the instantaneous output required value for the vehicle group, and when the sum of the smaller of the discharge limit output power and the charge limit output power of the onboard battery of each vehicle is greater than the instantaneous output required value for the vehicle group, sets the output power capacity of each vehicle to the smaller of the discharge limit output power and the charge limit output power of the onboard battery of each vehicle. This allows the instantaneous output request to be met while maintaining symmetry between the charge side and the discharge side.

[0009] The power management system for a virtual power plant according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, when the sum of the smaller of the discharge limit output power capacity and the charge limit output power capacity of the onboard battery of each vehicle is equal to or less than the instantaneous output request value for the vehicle group, the control server sets the discharge limit output power capacity of the onboard battery of each vehicle to the output power capacity of each vehicle if the instantaneous output request value for the vehicle group is greater than 0, and sets the charge limit output power capacity of the onboard battery of each vehicle to the output power capacity of each vehicle if the instantaneous output request value for the vehicle group is equal to or less than 0. This makes it possible to follow large instantaneous output requests. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the power management system of the virtual power plant of the present invention, the minimum of the discharge limit output power capacity of the onboard battery of each vehicle, the output power capacity of each vehicle is calculated as the minimum value of the output power capacity until charging / discharging switching, and the charging limit output power capacity.If the sum of the calculated output power capacities of each vehicle is greater than the instantaneous output requirement value for the vehicle group, the instantaneous output requirement value is allocated to each vehicle according to the magnitude of the output power capacity of each vehicle, and the charging / discharging operation of the onboard battery of each vehicle is controlled according to the allocated instantaneous output requirement value, thereby suppressing the occurrence of tracking delays when switching the charging / discharging operation of the onboard battery. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a virtual power plant according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the flow of power management processing according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an output power amount tracking instruction value, a discharge limit of an available output power amount, an available output power amount until switching between charge and discharge, and a charge limit of an available output power amount. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Hereinafter, a power management system for a virtual power plant (VPP) according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0013] 〔composition〕 First, the configuration of a VPP according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[0014] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a VPP according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, a VPP 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention is a system that adjusts the balance between supply and demand of electricity in a power transmission and distribution network by controlling the charging and discharging operations of batteries installed in vehicles 2. In this embodiment, the VPP 1 includes, as its main components, a plurality of vehicles 2, an electric power company 3, and a control server 4, and these components are configured to be able to communicate information with each other via a telecommunications line 5 such as the Internet or a power line.

[0015] Vehicle 2 is composed of a vehicle such as an HV (Hybrid Vehicle), EV (Electric Vehicle), or FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle). Vehicle 2 is equipped with a battery that can be charged and discharged via a power transmission and distribution network, and is configured to be able to transmit various vehicle data via telecommunications line 5. The vehicle data includes information such as the identification number of vehicle 2 (VIN number, etc.), the battery's SOC (State of Charge), and upper and lower limits of the battery's output power. When vehicle 2 is connected to a charging stand 6 that charges the battery, it may connect to telecommunications line 5 via charging stand 6 to transmit vehicle data.

[0016] Electric power company 3 supplies electricity generated at well-known power plants such as hydroelectric power plants, thermal power plants, and nuclear power plants to consumers and demand facilities via the transmission and distribution network, and also purchases surplus electricity supplied from consumers and demand facilities via the transmission and distribution network.

[0017] The control server 4 is configured with a well-known information processing device such as a workstation. The control server 4 acquires output power requests and instantaneous output requests for the vehicle group, as well as vehicle data for the vehicles 2 that make up the vehicle group, via a telecommunications line 5. Then, the control server 4 controls the charging and discharging operations of the batteries installed in the vehicles 2 based on the acquired information.

[0018] In the VPP 1 having such a configuration, the control server 4 executes the power management process described below to prevent a tracking delay from occurring when switching between charging and discharging operations of the battery mounted on the vehicle 2. Hereinafter, with reference to Fig. 2, the operation of the control server 4 when executing the power management process will be described.

[0019] [Power management processing] Figure 2 is a flowchart showing the flow of power management processing according to one embodiment of the present invention. The flowchart shown in Figure 2 begins when the control server 4 acquires, via the telecommunications line 5, an output power request and an instantaneous output request for the vehicle group, as well as vehicle data for the vehicles 2 that make up the vehicle group, and a command to execute the power management processing is input to the control server 4. The power management processing then proceeds to step S1. The operation of the control server 4 described below is realized by the control server 4 executing a computer program.

[0020] In the process of step S1, the control server 4 determines an output power (kWh) tracking instruction value P for a vehicle i (= 1 to N (total number of vehicles)) to be controlled based on an output power request for the vehicle group according to the adjustment of the balance between supply and demand of power. base (i) (stars shown in FIG. 3) is calculated. This completes the process of step S1, and the power management process proceeds to the process of step S2.

[0021] In the process of step S2, the control server 4 calculates the power amount tracking instruction value P base (i) and the upper and lower limits of the battery output power of the vehicle i to be controlled (upper and lower limit outputs shown in Fig. 3), the discharge limit output power P ub (i) (See Figure 3) The amount of power that can be output before switching to charge / discharge P O (i) (see Figure 3), and the charging limit output power P lb (i) (see FIG. 3) is calculated. This completes the process of step S2, and the power management process proceeds to the process of step S3.

[0022] In the process of step S3, the control server 4 calculates the discharge limit outputtable power P ub (i) The amount of power that can be output before switching to charge / discharge, P O (i), and charging limit output power P lb The minimum value of (i) is calculated as the available output power P(i) of the controlled vehicle i. This completes the process of step S3, and the power management process proceeds to step S4.

[0023] In the process of step S4, the control server 4 calculates the sum of the available output power P(i) of each vehicle i calculated in the process of step S3, and determines whether the sum of the available output power P(i) is the instantaneous power (kw) required amount P for the vehicle group. fleetkW As a result of the determination, it is determined whether the sum of the available output power amounts P(i) is greater than the instantaneous power demand amount P fleetkW If it is greater than the instantaneous power demand P(i) (step S4: Yes), the control server 4 advances the power management process to step S12. fleetkW If it is equal to or less than this (step S4: No), the control server 4 advances the power management process to step S5.

[0024] In the process of step S5, the control server 4 calculates the amount of power P that can be output until switching between charging and discharging, which is calculated in the process of step S2. O (i) is set as the available output power P(i) of the vehicle i to be controlled. This completes the process of step S5, and the power management process proceeds to step S6.

[0025] In the process of step S6, the control server 4 calculates the sum of the available output power P(i) of each vehicle i set in the process of step S5, and determines whether the sum of the available output power P(i) is the instantaneous power (kw) required amount P for the vehicle group. fleetkW As a result of the determination, it is determined whether the sum of the available output power amounts P(i) is greater than the instantaneous power demand amount P fleetkWIf it is greater than the instantaneous power demand P(i) (step S6: Yes), the control server 4 advances the power management process to step S12. fleetkW If it is equal to or less than this (step S6: No), the control server 4 advances the power management process to step S7.

[0026] In the process of step S7, the control server 4 calculates the discharge limit outputtable power amount P ub (i) and charging limit output power P lb The smaller of (i) is set as the available output power P(i) of the vehicle i to be controlled. This completes the process of step S7, and the power management process proceeds to step S8.

[0027] In the process of step S8, the control server 4 calculates the sum of the available output power P(i) of each vehicle i set in the process of step S7, and determines whether the sum of the available output power P(i) is the instantaneous power demand P for the vehicle group. fleetkW As a result of the determination, it is determined whether the sum of the available output power amounts P(i) is greater than the instantaneous power demand amount P fleetkW If it is greater than the instantaneous power demand P(i) (step S8: Yes), the control server 4 advances the power management process to step S12. fleetkW If it is equal to or less than this (step S8: No), the control server 4 advances the power management process to step S9.

[0028] In the process of step S9, the control server 4 calculates the instantaneous power demand P fleetkW It is determined whether or not the instantaneous power demand P fleetkW If the instantaneous power demand P is greater than 0 (step S9: Yes), the control server 4 advances the power management process to step S10. fleetkW If is equal to or less than 0 (step S9: No), the control server 4 advances the power management process to step S11.

[0029] In the process of step S10, the control server 4 calculates the outputtable energy P(i) of the vehicle 2 to be controlled based on the discharge limit outputtable energy P(i) calculated in the process of step S2. ub This completes the process of step S10, and the power management process proceeds to step S12.

[0030] In the process of step S11, the control server 4 calculates the available output power P(i) of the vehicle 2 to be controlled based on the charging limit available output power P(i) calculated in the process of step S2. lb This completes the process of step S11, and the power management process proceeds to step S12.

[0031] In the process of step S12, the control server 4 calculates the instantaneous power demand P fleetkW The instantaneous power demand P for the controlled vehicle 2 is calculated by dividing the above by the sum of the available power output P(i) of each controlled vehicle i, ΣP(i), and multiplying the result by the available power output P(i) of the controlled vehicle i. fleetkW Proportional value P final (i). Here, the available output power P(i) of each vehicle i is a value set in any one of steps S3, S5, S7, S10, and S11. This completes the process of step S12, and the power management process proceeds to step S13.

[0032] In the process of step S13, the control server 4 calculates the output power amount tracking instruction value P base (i) The instantaneous power demand P calculated in the process of step S12 fleetkW Proportional value P final The instruction value with (i) superimposed thereon is calculated as the charge / discharge instruction value for the vehicle i to be controlled. Then, the control server 4 controls the charge / discharge operation of the battery by transmitting the calculated charge / discharge instruction value to the vehicle i to be controlled. This completes the process of step S13, and the series of power management processes ends.

[0033] As is clear from the above description, in the VPP 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention, the control server 4 determines the discharge limit outputtable electric power P ub (i) The amount of power that can be output before switching to charge / discharge, P O (i), and charging limit output power P lb (i) The minimum value among these is calculated as the available output power P(i) of each vehicle 2, and the sum of the calculated available output power P(i) of each vehicle 2 is the instantaneous output required value P fleetkW If it is larger, the instantaneous output demand value P(i) is set according to the magnitude of the available power output P(i). fleetkW is allocated to each vehicle 2, and the allocated instantaneous power demand value P fleetkW The charging and discharging operation of the vehicle battery of each vehicle 2 is controlled according to the above. This makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of a tracking delay when switching between charging and discharging operation of the battery mounted on the vehicle 2. In addition, since the waveform of the original instantaneous output request is kept symmetrical between the charging side and the discharging side and the instantaneous output request is distributed, it is possible to make the instantaneous output request tracked.

[0034] In the VPP 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the control server 4 determines whether the sum of the available output power P(i) of each vehicle 2 is equal to the instantaneous output required value P fleetkW If the value is less than or equal to the value of the battery charge / discharge switch, the output power P O (i) is calculated, and the output power P O The sum of (i) is the instantaneous power demand value P fleetkW If the maximum output power P O (i) is set as the available output power P(i) of each vehicle 2. This makes it possible to follow the instantaneous output request without switching the charging / discharging operation of the battery.

[0035] In the VPP 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the control server 4 calculates the amount of power P that can be output before switching between charging and discharging the battery of each vehicle 2. O The sum of (i) is the instantaneous power demand value P fleetkW If the discharge limit output power P of the battery of each vehicle 2 is less thanub (i) and charging limit output power P lb (i) is calculated as the sum of the smaller of the two, and the discharge limit output power P ub (i) and charging limit output power P lb The sum of the smaller of (i) is the instantaneous power demand value P fleetkW If the maximum discharge limit of the battery of each vehicle 2 is larger than the maximum discharge limit of the battery of each vehicle 2, the maximum discharge limit of the battery of each vehicle 2 is larger than the maximum discharge limit of the battery of each vehicle 2. lb (i) and charging limit output power P ub The smaller of (i) is set as the available output power P(i) of each vehicle 2. This allows the vehicle 2 to follow the instantaneous output request while maintaining the symmetry between the charging side and the discharging side.

[0036] In the VPP 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the control server 4 determines the discharge limit output power P ub (i) and charging limit output power P lb The sum of the smaller of (i) is the instantaneous power demand value P fleetkW In the following cases, the instantaneous power demand value P fleetkW If is greater than 0, the discharge limit output power P of the battery of each vehicle 2 ub (i) is set as the output power capacity P(i) of each vehicle 2, and the instantaneous output demand value P fleetkW When the value is 0 or less, the charging limit output power P lb (i) is set as the available output power P(i) of each vehicle 2. This makes it possible to comply with large instantaneous output requests.

[0037] Although the present invention has been described above as an embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the description and drawings that form part of the disclosure of the present invention. In other words, other embodiments, examples, and operational techniques that can be made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all included in the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0038] 1 Virtual Power Plant (VPP) 2 vehicles 3. Electric power companies 4 Control Server 5. Telecommunications lines 6 Charging Station

Claims

1. A power management system for a virtual power plant that controls the charging and discharging operation of an on-board battery of each vehicle so as to follow an output power amount request and an instantaneous output request for a group of vehicles, A power management system for a virtual power plant, characterized by comprising a control server that calculates the output power of each vehicle as the minimum value of the discharge limit output power of the onboard battery of each vehicle, the output power until charge / discharge switching, and the charge limit output power of the onboard battery of each vehicle, and if the sum of the calculated output power of each vehicle is greater than the instantaneous output required value for the vehicle group, allocates the instantaneous output required value to each vehicle according to the size of the output power of each vehicle, and controls the charging and discharging operation of the onboard battery of each vehicle according to the allocated instantaneous output required value.

2. 2. The power management system for a virtual power plant according to claim 1, wherein the control server calculates the sum of the amount of power that can be output by each vehicle until the charging / discharging switching of its onboard battery when the sum of the amount of power that can be output by each vehicle until the charging / discharging switching of its onboard battery is less than or equal to the instantaneous output required value for the vehicle group, and when the sum of the amount of power that can be output by each vehicle until the charging / discharging switching of its onboard battery is greater than the instantaneous output required value for the vehicle group, sets the amount of power that can be output by each vehicle until the charging / discharging switching of its onboard battery, calculates a proportional allocation value of the instantaneous power required amount for each vehicle according to the set amount of power that can be output by each vehicle, and controls the charging / discharging operation of the onboard battery of each vehicle according to the calculated proportional allocation value of the instantaneous power required amount.

3. 3. The power management system for a virtual power plant according to claim 2, wherein the control server calculates the sum of the smaller of the discharge limit output power and the charge limit output power of the onboard battery of each vehicle when the sum of the output power that can be output until the charge / discharge switching of the onboard battery of each vehicle is equal to or less than the instantaneous output required value for the vehicle group; and when the sum of the smaller of the discharge limit output power and the charge limit output power of the onboard battery of each vehicle is greater than the instantaneous output required value for the vehicle group, sets the smaller of the discharge limit output power and the charge limit output power of the onboard battery of each vehicle as the output power of each vehicle, calculates a proportional distribution value of the instantaneous power required for each vehicle according to the set output power of each vehicle, and controls the charge / discharge operation of the onboard battery of each vehicle according to the calculated proportional distribution value of the instantaneous power required.

4. 4. The power management system for a virtual power plant according to claim 3, wherein, when the sum of the smaller of the discharge limit output power amount and the charge limit output power amount of the onboard battery of each vehicle is equal to or less than the instantaneous output request value for the vehicle group, if the instantaneous output request value for the vehicle group is greater than 0, the control server sets the discharge limit output power amount of the onboard battery of each vehicle to the output power amount of each vehicle, and if the instantaneous output request value for the vehicle group is equal to or less than 0, the control server sets the charge limit output power amount of the onboard battery of each vehicle to the output power amount of each vehicle, calculates a proportional distribution value of the instantaneous power request amount of each vehicle according to the set output power amount of each vehicle, and controls the charging and discharging operation of the onboard battery of each vehicle according to the calculated proportional distribution value of the instantaneous power request amount.

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