A method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper

Abstract

To provide a method for rapid calculation of evacuation time for a crowd in a super high-rise building belonging to the field of building safety technology, the method solving a technical problem in the prior art that existing building evacuation simulation software requires a long time to calculate the evacuation time of a crowd in a super high-rise building.SOLUTION: The present invention includes inputting parameters into a mathematical model, calculating evacuation times for different evacuation methods, and obtaining a total evacuation time. According to the present invention, the evacuation calculation time can be reduced from 1 to 2 hours, as is required by existing evacuation simulation software, to several seconds, while controlling the error of the total evacuation time within 5%.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application is in the field of building safety technology, and in particular relates to a method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventional building evacuation simulation software mainly uses micro-models such as social force models or agent-based models to simulate and obtain the time required for the evacuation of a building. The advantages of this approach are that it allows for a high degree of freedom in adjusting the characteristics of different experimental individuals and that different building environments can be used as simulation scenarios. The disadvantage is that it takes a long time to calculate, especially when complex buildings or large numbers of people are involved.

[0003] As described above, there is a technical problem in the prior art that conventional building evacuation simulation software takes a long time to calculate the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper. A method for quickly calculating the total evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Based on the above analysis, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper, which aims to solve the technical problem in the prior art that it takes a long time to calculate the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper in conventional building evacuation simulation software.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows.

[0006] Meanwhile, a method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper is provided, the method comprising the steps of inputting parameters into a mathematical model, calculating the evacuation time of different evacuation methods, and obtaining a total evacuation time; Establishing a mathematical model for the staircase evacuation time Ts and the elevator evacuation time T e and calculating the total evacuation time T and the staircase evacuation time T s and elevator evacuation time T e The method further includes the step of:

[0007] Furthermore, the staircase evacuation time T s When calculating, staircase evacuation is abstracted as floor-by-floor evacuation, that is, evacuation is performed floor by floor from bottom to top, and when evacuation is performed at the current floor, all upper floors are in a waiting state.

[0008] Furthermore, the staircase evacuation time T s The steps of calculating include the following: without considering horizontal evacuation, staircase evacuation is performed as follows: starting from the nth floor, people who choose staircase evacuation on the nth floor wait for all people who choose staircase evacuation on the (n-1)th floor to enter the stairs, and then people who choose staircase evacuation on the nth floor start their action, where n is an integer greater than 1.

[0009] Furthermore, the time it takes for a crowd that chooses to evacuate by stairs to enter the stairs from the moment they start is calculated by adding the reaction time of the crowd to the total length of the crowd entering the stairs, divided by the speed at which the crowd descends the stairs, i.e.,

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[0010] Furthermore, the total time taken to evacuate from the nth floor by choosing the i-th staircase is The sum of the time it takes for the crowds on all floors who choose staircase i to enter the staircase, and +S max (i) Evacuation time for the last person on the floor

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[0011] Furthermore, the formula for the time that people on the nth floor who need to go to the Fth floor for elevator evacuation will use the stairs is:

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[0012] Furthermore, for a crowd going to floor F for elevator evacuation, the total time it takes to evacuate using the stairs is:

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[0013] Furthermore, the total evacuation time for stairs is

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[0014] Furthermore, the elevator evacuation time T e The step of calculating includes the following, and the time it takes for elevator j to make one round trip between the first floor and the designated evacuation floor is

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[0015] Furthermore, the total evacuation time for elevator j is

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[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The method provided by the present invention for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper uses a mathematical model algorithm to calculate the total evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper from a macro level, shortening the evacuation calculation time from 1 to 2 hours, which is the calculation time of conventional evacuation simulation software, to just a few seconds, while at the same time controlling the error of the total evacuation time to within 5%. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification or the prior art, the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of this specification, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings.

[0019] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper provided by the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the method for establishing a mathematical model provided by the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the behavior time of everyone in the method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper provided by the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the last-person waiting time in the method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper provided by the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the time it takes for the last person to continue evacuating to the first floor in the method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] In order to clarify the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. Furthermore, unless there is a contradiction, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure can be combined, separated, exchanged, and / or rearranged with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are included in the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] In the figures, sizes and relative sizes of components may be exaggerated for clarity and / or explanation purposes. As example embodiments may be implemented in various ways, the specific sequence of processes may be performed in a different order than that described. For example, two processes described as successive may be performed substantially simultaneously or may be performed in the reverse order from that described. Furthermore, like reference numerals refer to like components.

[0022] The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. For example, as used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the," are intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Furthermore, when the terms "comprise" and / or "comprises," and variations thereof, are used herein, they indicate the presence of stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, assemblies, and / or groups thereof, but do not exclude the presence and / or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, assemblies, and / or groups thereof. It should also be noted that the terms "substantially," "approximately," and other similar terms used herein are used as terms of approximation, not as terms of degree, and therefore to account for inherent bias in measurements, calculations, and / or provided values ​​that would be recognized by those skilled in the art.

[0023] The calculation background of the present invention is as follows. 1. In a skyscraper, calculate the time required for everyone to safely evacuate to the first floor using the stairs and emergency elevators. 2. It does not take into account the disruption caused by the evacuation event itself. 3. Despite unexpected events during the evacuation, the evacuation is always orderly and everyone evacuates downwards. 4. It does not take into account the time it takes individuals to respond to an evacuation event. 5. It does not take into account micro-factors such as individual crowd psychology.

[0024] The calculation assumptions of the present invention are as follows. 1. When evacuating from the first floor to the outside of the building, there is enough width and no congestion, so the evacuation is completed when people reach the first floor. Generally, the evacuation efficiency from the first floor to the outside of the building should be higher than the evacuation efficiency from other floors to the first floor. If this is not the case, it is sufficient to calculate only the evacuation time from the first floor to the outside of the building. 2. Ignoring horizontal evacuation time: Due to the structure of a skyscraper, the horizontal evacuation time is usually very short, usually less than one minute, which is much shorter than the vertical evacuation time of a skyscraper. 3. The height varies depending on the floor. 4. The staircases above and below the evacuation floor are alternated, but they are all in the same core tube and usually adjacent, so the time it takes to change staircases is negligible. 5. Evacuation by stairs does not stagnate, and even if individual speeds differ during evacuation, no empty spaces will be created, and the density of the evacuating crowd will remain stable. 6. All evacuation elevators operate directly between the first floor and designated evacuation floors, and the designated evacuation floors vary depending on the elevator.

[0025] The variables in this example are listed as follows: T is the total evacuation time (s); T s is the total evacuation time (s) for the stairs, T st (n) is the time (s) from the start of the crowd choosing to evacuate by the stairs on the nth floor until everyone enters the stairs, S max (i) represents the top floor where the crowd chooses staircase i for evacuation, T e is the total evacuation time (s) for the stairs, T es is the time it takes for a crowd that chooses to evacuate by elevator to evacuate by stairs, T est is the time (s) from the start of the crowd choosing to evacuate by elevator until everyone enters the stairs, F is the evacuation floor, F (j) is the number of the evacuation floor where elevator j stops, N b is the total number of floors, N s is the number of steps, N e is the number of elevators, L (n)is the length of the stairs from the nth floor to the next floor (m), V s (n) is the speed (m / s) of the people on the nth floor going down the stairs, q (j) is the flow rate per unit width entering and exiting elevator j, W s is the width of the staircase, W (j) is the width of elevator j, W p is the length / width (m) of the square where people are located (considering the minimum distance between people), P n is the initial number of people on the nth floor, P s is the number of people choosing to evacuate by stairs, P e is the total number of people who choose to evacuate by elevator, P s (i) (n) is the number of people who choose staircase i for evacuation on floor n, P e (j) (n) is the number of people who choose elevator j for evacuation on floor n, P e (F) is the number of people who need to go to floor F for elevator evacuation, P e (F) (n) is the number of people going from the nth floor to the Fth floor for elevator evacuation, E max (F) is the top floor where people need to go to floor F for elevator evacuation, C e (j) is the maximum load capacity of elevator j, T e (fj) is the total time it takes for elevator j to make one round trip between the first floor and the designated evacuation floor, T re (fj) is the time it takes for elevator j to make one round trip between the first floor and the designated evacuation floor, C is the door opening time required for one elevator round trip, H (n) is the height of the (n)th floor (relative height from the ground), V e is the elevator's rated running speed, A e is the elevator's running acceleration, A p is the time it takes for the evacuation speed of people to reach the maximum speed from 0 (i.e., the activation time), Y e (j) is the congestion coefficient for entering and exiting elevator j, Y s (i) is the congestion coefficient of staircase i, K is the gradient index of the staircase V (n) is the initial velocity (m / s) of the people on the nth floor. [Example]

[0026] A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, the method includes the steps of inputting parameters into a mathematical model, calculating the evacuation times of different evacuation modes, and obtaining the total evacuation time.

[0027] Compared with conventional technology, this technical solution can shorten the evacuation calculation time from 1-2 hours, which is the calculation time of conventional evacuation simulation software, to a few seconds, and at the same time, it can control the error of the total evacuation time within 5%.

[0028] Additionally, the method further includes establishing a mathematical model, wherein the establishing the mathematical model is based on a staircase evacuation time T s and the elevator evacuation time T e and calculating the total evacuation time T and the staircase evacuation time T s and elevator evacuation time T e The larger of these, i.e., T=Max(T s ,T e)

[0029] By establishing a mathematical model, the overall evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper can be calculated at a macro level. Staircase evacuation and elevator evacuation are carried out simultaneously, and the longer of the two is the total evacuation time.

[0030] Furthermore, the staircase evacuation time T s When calculating this, in order to be able to calculate the staircase evacuation time using a mathematical model, staircase evacuation is abstracted as a hierarchical evacuation, that is, the crowd is evacuated from bottom to top, and when the current floor is evacuated, all upper floors are in a waiting state.

[0031] Evacuation time for stairs is T=T 1+ T 2+ T 3+ T es It can be decomposed into T1 is the time when all evacuees enter the stairs and evacuate to the staircase entrance on the next floor. is the time it takes to enter the waiting state, T2 is the waiting time for the last person - the waiting time for the last person to evacuate on the top floor, and is also the total duration of the waiting state for all staircase evacuations. T3 is the time when the last person continues to evacuate to the first floor. T es is the time it takes for an elevator evacuee to use the stairs to reach the elevator's stop - whether the total time is longer or not depends on how long it takes to evacuate by stairs on lower floors.

[0032] The evacuation time for a single elevator is T 1+ T 2+ T3, which can be expressed as the waiting time of the last person on the top floor staircase evacuation route plus the evacuation time, and the corresponding formula is as follows:

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[0033] T es is the time it takes for the crowd evacuating by elevator to reach the elevator stop by using the stairs, and the corresponding formula is:

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[0034] The total time for stair evacuation is T 1+ T 2+ T 3+ T es and the corresponding equation is

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[0035] Using this formula, the total evacuation time for crowd evacuation using stairs can be calculated.

[0036] By abstracting staircase evacuation into floor-based evacuation, a complex data model can be simplified into a simple data model for processing.

[0037] Preferably, the staircase evacuation time T s The calculation of includes the following: In a super-high-rise building, staircase evacuation is performed as follows, ignoring the negligible horizontal evacuation time: starting from the nth floor, those who choose to evacuate the nth floor wait until all those who choose to evacuate the (n-1)th floor enter the stairs, and then those who choose to evacuate the nth floor begin their actions, where n is an integer greater than 1. Horizontal evacuation refers to the evacuation of people on the same floor of a building from their current location to an emergency exit on the same floor. Emergency exits include, but are not limited to, emergency stairs, emergency elevators, etc.

[0038] Specifically, for stair i, stair refers to the stair from the lowest floor to the top floor of the entire building, and i refers to the number of staircases.

[0039] The time it takes for people who choose to evacuate using the stairs on the second floor from the start of their action until everyone enters the stairs is calculated by dividing the crowd reaction time + the total length of the crowd entering the stairs by the speed at which the crowd on the second floor descends the stairs.

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[0040] Therefore, the total time taken to evacuate the nth floor by choosing the i-th staircase is The sum of the time it takes for the crowds on all floors who choose staircase i to enter the staircase is expressed as +S max (i) It can be broken down into the evacuation time of the last person on the floor,

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[0041] In summary, the time it takes for a crowd that chooses to evacuate by stairs to enter the stairs from the start of their action is calculated by adding the reaction time of the crowd plus the total length of the crowd entering the stairs divided by the speed at which the crowd descends the stairs.

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[0042] Furthermore, the staircase evacuation time further includes the time it takes for people who choose the elevator to use the stairs to reach the evacuation floor F. The calculation of the time it takes for people who choose the elevator to use the stairs to reach the evacuation floor F is similar to the formula for staircase evacuation.

[0043] This technical measure takes into account the actual situation, and the system comprehensively calculates the various conditions of the crowd, taking into account the time it takes for people who choose the elevator to reach the evacuation floor using the stairs.

[0044] F is the evacuation floor. An evacuation floor is a floor used by people in a building to temporarily escape fire and smoke in the event of a fire. Industrial and civilian buildings over 100m in height must have evacuation floors, and the height from the first evacuation floor to the ground where fire engines climb must not exceed 50m. The net area of ​​the evacuation area must meet the evacuation requirements of all occupants on all floors between the evacuation floor and the previous evacuation floor. Evacuation floors must be equipped with fire elevator exits, fire hydrants, fire hose reels, fire extinguishers, dedicated fire telephone lines, and emergency broadcasts.

[0045] Furthermore, the time it takes for the crowd that needs to go from the (F+1)th floor to the evacuation floor, F, to evacuate by elevator from the start of their action until everyone enters the stairs is the crowd's reaction time + the total length of the crowd entering the stairs divided by the speed at which the people on the (F+1)th floor go down the stairs. Therefore, the formula for the time it takes for the crowd that needs to go from the nth floor to the Fth floor to evacuate by the elevator to occupy the stairs is:

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[0046] T estis the time (s) from when people who choose to evacuate by elevator start to when they all enter the stairs, F is the evacuation floor, F (j) is the number of the evacuation floor where elevator j stops, N s is the number of steps, V s (n) is the speed (m / s) of the people on the nth floor going down the stairs, W s is the width of the staircase, W p is the length / width (m) of the square where the people are located, P e (F) (n) is the number of people who need to go from floor n to floor F for elevator evacuation.

[0047] Furthermore, the total time it takes for a crowd to evacuate by elevator to floor F and then by stairs is

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[0048] T es is the time it takes for a crowd that chooses to evacuate by elevator to evacuate by stairs, T est is the time (s) from the start of the crowd choosing to evacuate by elevator until everyone enters the stairs, F is the evacuation floor, L (n) is the length of the stairs from the nth floor to the next floor (m), V s (n) is the speed (m / s) of the people on the nth floor going down the stairs, Emax (F) is the top floor where people need to go to floor F for elevator evacuation.

[0049] Furthermore, the total evacuation time for stairs is

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[0050] The above technical measures make it possible to rely on pure mathematical formulas, eliminating the need to rely on complex microscopic simulations to calculate the time it takes for a crowd to evacuate down stairs.

[0051] Furthermore, the elevator evacuation time T e The step to calculate is that the time it takes for elevator j to make one round trip between the first floor and the designated evacuation floor is

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[0052] The total time it takes for elevator j to make one trip is T e (fj) is related to the elevator running speed, elevator door opening and closing time and elevator loading time.

[0053] Using this formula, it is possible to calculate the total time it takes for elevator j to make one round trip when evacuating a crowd using the elevator.

[0054] Furthermore, the total evacuation time for each elevator, i.e., the total evacuation time for elevator j, is

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[0055] Using this formula, the total evacuation time for elevator j can be calculated.

[0056] Furthermore, the parameters include building parameters and personnel parameters.

[0057] Furthermore, the evacuation methods include staircase evacuation time and elevator evacuation time.

[0058] Furthermore, the step of calculating the total evacuation time specifically involves calculating the longer of the staircase evacuation time and the elevator evacuation time as the total evacuation time.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0060] The method provided by the present invention for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper can reduce the evacuation calculation time from 1 to 2 hours, which is the calculation time of conventional evacuation simulation software, to just a few seconds, and at the same time, can control the error in the total evacuation time to within 5%.

[0061] Although the above-mentioned specific embodiments illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application in detail, the above are merely specific embodiments of the present application and do not limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for quickly calculating evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper, the method comprising the steps of inputting parameters into a mathematical model, calculating the evacuation time of different evacuation methods, and obtaining a total evacuation time; Establishing a mathematical model for the staircase evacuation time T ｓ and the elevator evacuation time T ｅ and calculating the total evacuation time T as the staircase evacuation time T ｓ and elevator evacuation time T ｅ [0046] Stair evacuation time T ｓ The step of calculating includes the following: without considering horizontal evacuation, staircase evacuation is performed as follows: starting from the nth floor, people who choose staircase evacuation on the nth floor wait until all people who choose staircase evacuation on the (n-1)th floor enter the stairs, and then people who choose staircase evacuation on the nth floor start their action, where n is an integer greater than 1; The time it takes for a crowd that chooses to evacuate by the stairs to enter the stairs after they start to act is calculated by adding the reaction time of the crowd to the total length of the crowd entering the stairs, divided by the speed at which the crowd descends the stairs, and is expressed as follows: [Equation 1] T ｓｔ （ｎ） is the time from when people who choose to evacuate by stairs on the nth floor start to when they all enter the stairs, and V ｓ （ｎ） is the speed at which people on the nth floor go down the stairs, and W ｓ is the width of the stairs, W Ｐ is the length / width of the square where the people are, and P ｓ （ｉ） (n) is the number of people who choose staircase i for evacuation on the nth floor, and A Ｐ is the time it takes for the evacuation speed of people to reach the maximum speed from 0, The total time taken to evacuate from the nth floor by choosing the i-th staircase is T ｓ （ｉ） is the sum of the time it takes for the crowds on all floors who choose staircase i to enter the staircase, and +S ｍａｘ （ｉ） This can be decomposed into the evacuation time of the last person on the floor, and is expressed as follows: [Equation 2] S ｍａｘ （ｉ） represents the top floor where the crowd chooses staircase i for evacuation, and V ｓ （ｎ） = Y ｓ （ｉ） *V （ｎ） *K / 1.4, and Y ｓ （ｉ） is the congestion coefficient of staircase i, and V （ｎ） is the initial velocity of the people on the nth floor, and L （ｎ） is the length of the staircase from the nth floor to the next floor, K is the gradient index of the staircase, The staircase evacuation time further includes the time it takes for people who choose the elevator to use the stairs to reach the evacuation floor F, and the time T ｅｓｔ （Ｆ） (n) is [Equation 3] and n>F, where F represents the evacuation floor, and N ｓ represents the number of steps, The total time that people who go to the F floor to evacuate by elevator and occupy the stairs to evacuate is: [Equation 4] and [Equation 5] indicates the top floor where people need to go to floor F for elevator evacuation, The total evacuation time for stairs is [Equation 6] and [Equation 7] and Elevator evacuation time T ｅ Calculating the time it takes for elevator j to make one round trip between the first floor and the designated evacuation floor includes: [Equation 8] and H （ｎ） is the height of the nth floor, and F （ｊ） is the number of the evacuation floor where elevator j stops, and A ｅ is the elevator's running acceleration, and V ｅ is the elevator's rated running speed, The total time required for elevator j to make one round trip between the first floor and the designated evacuation floor is: [Equation 9] and C ｅ （ｊ） is the maximum load capacity of elevator j, and Y ｅ （ｊ） is the congestion coefficient of elevator entry and exit, and W （ｊ） is the width of elevator j, and q （ｊ） is the flow rate per unit width of elevator j entering and exiting, C is the door opening time required for the elevator to make one round trip, The total time required to evacuate using elevator j is T ｅ （ｊ） teeth, [Equation 10] is expressed as F （ｊ） is the number of the evacuation floor where elevator j stops, and P ｅ （ｊ） (n) is the number of people who choose elevator j for evacuation on floor n, and C ｅ （ｊ） is the maximum load capacity of elevator j, The total elevator evacuation time is [0011] and N ｅ is the number of elevators.

2. Stair evacuation time T ｓ 2. The method for quickly calculating the evacuation time of a crowd in a skyscraper according to claim 1, wherein when calculating the evacuation time, the staircase evacuation is abstracted as a floor-by-floor evacuation, that is, evacuation is performed floor by floor from bottom to top, and when evacuation is performed at the current floor, all upper floors are in a waiting state.

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