Method and apparatus for positioning based on uplink signals to non-terrestrial networks

Abstract

Methods and apparatus disclosed herein provide for round trip time (multiple RTT) measurements of multiple cells involving a user equipment (UE), at least one of the multiple cells being associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node. Advantageous operations include determining one or more propagation delays or offsets associated with a feeder link and / or a service link of the NTN node, and determining positioning assistance data based on the delays or offsets. The positioning assistance data takes into account such delays or offsets in relation to measurement configurations and / or transmission timing at the UE and / or NTN node.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The method and apparatus disclosed herein are based on an uplink signal to a non-terrestrial network. Ku User Device Provides positioning for the UE. [Background technology]

[0002] A non-terrestrial network (NTN) typically includes one or several satellite gateways (sat gateways) that connect the non-terrestrial network to a public data network. The NTN further includes one or more satellites, which may be geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites or non-GEO satellites, or a mix of both. One or several sat gateways deployed across a targeted area of ​​satellite coverage feed the GEO satellites, while the non-GEO satellites may be served by a series of sat gateways. In addition to, or as an alternative to, satellites, the NTN may include one or more unmanned aircraft systems (UAS).

[0003] A satellite (or UAS) can implement either a transparent payload or a regenerated payload. A transparent payload can provide frequency translation, filtering, and amplification to relay signals, but does not change the waveform. Conversely, a regenerative payload adds processing functions, including demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. A regenerative payload is essentially equivalent to carrying at least some of the functionality of a radio base station, such as a "gNB," a term used in the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) standards document, on a satellite or UAS.

[0004] A constellation of satellites may also include inter-satellite links (ISLs). These links require regenerative payloads on board the satellites. ISLs can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0005] FIG. 1 lists different types of satellites (or UAS platforms) with corresponding example details.

[0006] Figures 2 to 5 show examples of NTN architectures. In particular, Figure 2 shows a network-RAN architecture with a "transparent" satellite configuration. Figure 3 shows a regenerative satellite without ISL and a payload processed by a gNB. Figure 4 shows an NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network) with a regenerative satellite based on a gNB-DU. Here, "DU" stands for "digital unit" and "NG" refers to the fifth generation (5G) specification published by 3GPP.

[0007] The ongoing discussion about NTN extends to multi-connectivity scenarios. Multi-connectivity involves transparent or regenerative NTN-based NG-RAN in combination with a terrestrial-based NG-RAN (NR or EUTRA) or another NTN. Here, "NR" means "New Radio" in the context of 3GPP® 5G, and "EUTRA" means "Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access." "EUTRA" refers to the fourth generation (4G) standard, i.e., Long Term Evolution (LTE).

[0008] The UE must at least 、 It may be connected and simultaneously served by one NTN-based NG-RAN and one terrestrial-based access network (e.g., NR or EUTRA), or by one NTN-based NG-RAN and another NTN-based NG-RAN. The NTN may have beam-based coverage, as shown in the example coverage scenario shown in Figure 6.

[0009] The NR architecture is being developed by 3GPP, and Figure 7 illustrates a contemplated configuration for performing "positioning" of a UE, where a UE is a wireless device or other equipment including radio and processing circuitry configured to access the NG-RAN, e.g., to use the NG-RAN and associated core network to access the Internet or other devices or systems reachable via one or more other external networks.

[0010] A UE may or may not be mobile and may or may not be configured for use by a human user; for example, in the examples, the UE is a Machine Type Communication (MTC) or Internet of Things (IoT) device. However, generally, a UE is distinguished from a communication network in that it uses a network rather than forming a fixed or dedicated part of the network, although it should be understood that a UE may at least temporarily "operate" within the network, such as by providing a relay or mesh connection to one or more other UEs. The terms "UE" and "wireless device" are interchangeable in this document.

[0011] In particular, Figure 7 illustrates a wireless communication network with exemplary details from 5G NR. For a comprehensive description of 5G NR, see 3GPP® Technical Specification (TS) 38.300 V15.8.0 (2020-01-08). The network includes a RAN part and a Core Network (CN) part, and the lines interconnecting the depicted entities represent communication interfaces provided therebetween for data signaling and control signaling.

[0012] The illustrated NG RAN includes two or more base stations that provide an air interface according to one or more RATs. For example, the base station labeled "gNB" provides an NR interface, while the base station labeled ng-eNB provides an E-UTRAN interface. Each base station provides one or more transmit / receive points (denoted as "TP" in the figure), and the base stations are interconnected via an "Xn" interface. A gNB and an ng-eNB do not necessarily both exist. If both a gNB and an ng-eNB exist, an NG-C interface exists for only one of them.

[0013] The illustrated CN node includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) that provides access and mobility management for UEs supported by the RAN.

[0014] Additionally, a "Location Management Function" or "LMF" is shown that acts as a location node for "positioning" of the UE. Here, "positioning" refers to determining the location of the UE, either in an absolute or relative sense, and positioning may be based on radio measurements performed by the RAN and / or the UE being positioned. Such measurements may be based on positioning configuration details provided by the LMF. The LMF may be an Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center (ELC). Ma or "E-SMLC."

[0015] The LMF and UE act as protocol endpoints of the NR LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP), and positioning interaction between the LMF and base stations involved in UE positioning uses, for example, a protocol called NRPPa. For details about the LPP, see 3GPP TS 38.355 V15.9.0 (2020-03-31). Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocols support interaction between, for example, the UE and respective base stations. For details about the RRC, see 3GPP TS 38.331 V15.9.0 (2020-03-31). Summary of the Invention

[0016] Methods and apparatus disclosed herein provide for multi-cell (multiple cell) round trip time (multiple RTT) measurements involving a user equipment (UE), where at least one of the multiple cells is associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node. Advantageous operations include determining one or more propagation delays or offsets associated with a feeder link and / or a service link of the NTN node and determining positioning assistance data based on the delays or offsets. The positioning assistance data takes into account such delays or offsets relative to measurement configurations and / or transmission timing at the UE and / or NTN node.

[0017] An example embodiment includes supporting multi-RTT measurements involving a UE, where at least one of multiple cells is associated with an NTN node. The method is performed by the NTN node and includes determining propagation delay information associated with one or both of a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station or a service link between the NTN node and the UE. The method further includes transmitting the propagation delay information to a location server to determine multi-RTT assistance data.

[0018] A related exemplary embodiment is configured to support multi-RTT measurements involving a UE. Ta The present invention includes a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node, wherein at least one of the plurality of cells is associated with the NTN node. The NTN node includes a communication interface circuit and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to determine propagation delay information associated with one or both of a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station or a service link between the NTN node and a UE, and to transmit the propagation delay information to a location server via the communication interface circuit to determine multi-RTT assistance data.

[0019] Another example embodiment includes a method for supporting multi-RTT measurements involving a UE, where at least one of a plurality of cells is associated with an NTN node. The method is performed by a location server and includes receiving propagation delay information associated with one or both of a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station or a service link between the NTN node and the UE. The method includes the location server determining multi-RTT assistance data for the NTN node or the UE, or both. 、 The location server further includes sending multi-RTT assistance data to the NTN node or the UE or both.

[0020] A related embodiment includes a location server configured to assist in multi-RTT measurements involving a UE, where at least one of multiple cells is associated with an NTN node. The location server includes a communications interface circuit and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to receive, via the communications interface circuit, propagation delay information associated with one or both of a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station or a service link between the NTN node and the UE. Further, the processing circuit is configured to determine multi-RTT assistance data for the NTN node or the UE, or both, and transmit, via the communications interface circuit, the multi-RTT assistance data to the NTN node or the UE, or both.

[0021] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above features and advantages. Indeed, those skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description, and upon viewing the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a table listing exemplary types of satellite or UAS platforms.

[0023] [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an NTN. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an NTN. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an NTN. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an NTN.

[0024] [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram of an exemplary coverage scenario for NTN.

[0025] [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example 5G NR network configuration supporting UE positioning.

[0026] [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a communication network.

[0027] [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a user equipment (UE).

[0028] [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node.

[0029] [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a location server.

[0030] [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a signaling flow diagram of one embodiment of signaling between a Location Management Function (LMF) and each NTN node.

[0031] [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a signal flow diagram of one embodiment of signaling between a location server and a UE that is a target device for positioning.

[0032] [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a signal flow diagram of one embodiment of signaling between a location server and one or more NTN nodes, such as an NTN node that provides information to the location server or other network nodes, and an NTN node that receives corresponding assistance data and / or positioning requests.

[0033] [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a wireless device, an NTN node, and a location server, each of which may be implemented as a processing module or unit. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a wireless device, an NTN node, and a location server, each of which may be implemented as a processing module or unit. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a wireless device, an NTN node, and a location server, each of which may be implemented as a processing module or unit.

[0034] [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a logic flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method of operation in an NTN node and a location server, respectively. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a logic flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method of operation in an NTN node and a location server, respectively.

[0035] [Figure 20] FIG. QQ1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication network according to some embodiments.

[0036] [Figure 21] Figure QQ2 is a block diagram of a user device according to some embodiments.

[0037] [Figure 22] Figure QQ3 is a block diagram of a virtualization environment, according to some embodiments.

[0038] [Figure 23] Figure QQ4 is a block diagram of a communication network with a host computer according to some embodiments.

[0039] [Figure 24] Figure QQ5 is a block diagram of a host computer according to some embodiments.

[0040] [Figure 25] FIG. QQ6 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed in a communication system according to one embodiment.

[0041] [Figure 26] FIG. QQ7 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed in a communication system according to one embodiment.

[0042] [Figure 27] FIG. QQ8 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed in a communication system according to one embodiment.

[0043] [Figure 28]FIG. QQ9 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed in a communication system according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0044] Currently, several challenges exist for positioning when a non-terrestrial network (NTN) is involved. For example, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements are measurements by a user equipment (UE) of satellite signals received by the UE in the downlink (DL). Such measurements are supported in New Radio (NR) and previous systems. NR is the term used by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) for the fifth-generation (5G) radio access network (RAN). However, measurements for NTN receivers, specifically for positioning purposes, are not defined for uplink (UL) signals transmitted by the UE. Furthermore, signaling for communicating such measurements to a positioning node for use in positioning the UE is not supported. More broadly, there are no defined positioning procedures or methods based on such measurements.

[0045] Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these and other problems. According to one embodiment contemplated herein, new measurements for a UL NTN link comprise radio measurements for positioning between a UE and an NTN network node based at least on UL radio signals transmitted by the UE for reception by the NTN network node. The new NTN measurements may be UL measurements based only on UL signals, or may be bidirectional measurements based on UL and DL signals transmitted by the NTN node for reception by the UE.

[0046] According to another set of embodiments, a method is disclosed for performing and managing new measurements with the requisite signaling support between various of the involved nodes. In one example, a new protocol is introduced. In a particular example, the LPP is extended to accommodate new signaling support requests, configurations, assistance, reports, capabilities, etc. for the new measurements. The extended LPP can be transmitted via NTN nodes. In another specific example, the NRPPa is extended to accommodate new signaling to support requests, configurations, assistance, reports, capabilities, etc. for the new measurements. In another example, the RRC protocol is extended to accommodate new signaling to support requests, configurations, assistance, reports, capabilities, etc. for the new measurements.

[0047] Some embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantages: Ability to configure, perform, and use measurements based on UE UL radio signals transmitted to satellite receivers included in the NTN (such measurements are referred to as "new positioning measurements"); Signaling support for the new positioning measurements; Ability to use the new positioning measurements in terrestrial network nodes; and Ability to use the new positioning measurements in non-terrestrial network nodes.

[0048] In view of the above embodiments, the present disclosure generally includes embodiments listed in the Examples section below and throughout, a variety of which may address one or more of the problems disclosed herein.

[0049] Exemplary terms include "terrestrial network node" which refers to a radio network node (e.g., BS, gNB, gNB-DU, gNB-CU, relay or IAB node, radio network controller, TRP, etc.) or a core network node (e.g., MSC, MME, O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node, etc.). "Non-terrestrial network" or "NTN" refers to a network that includes transmission equipment relay nodes or base stations. vinegarNTN refers to a network or a division of a network that uses airborne or space-based vehicles. Generally, NTN networks include non-terrestrial wireless devices used to provide the wireless link or links for UEs.

[0050] The term "NTN node" refers to an airborne or spacecraft, satellite (e.g., LEO, MEO, GEO, HEO, etc.), UAS platform, Fo NTN refers to one or more radio network nodes or devices capable of receiving radio signals from UEs operating at least on Earth, such as in a 5G network. The receiver of an NTN node may have specific RF characteristics (e.g., sensitivity) and may operate in a specific RF band dedicated to NTN operation. At least in the context of 5G NR, an NTN node may also include a specialized type of gNB, i.e., capable of NTN operation.

[0051] It should be noted that an NTN node includes at least an airborne / spaceborne transmit / receive point, e.g., antenna / radio circuitry, but may also include one or more ground-based portions or entities that control or manage the non-terrestrial portions in a decentralized sense. The terms "radio network node" and "base station" are sometimes used herein to refer to a radio network node that includes at least an airborne / spaceborne transmit / receive point for non-terrestrial radio link transmission / reception, unless the context requires otherwise.

[0052] The terms location server, positioning node, LMF, and E-SMLC shall be used interchangeably unless otherwise specified.

[0053] The term "time resource" as used herein may correspond to any type of physical or radio resource expressed in terms of a length of time. Examples of time resources include symbols, time slots, subframes, radio frames, TTIs, interleaved times, slots, subslots, minislots, etc.

[0054] NTN Wireless Link of According to the disclosed techniques for supporting positioning using: One or more NTN nodes, UEs, or both NTN nodes and UEs: New measurements for NTN radio links may be configured to be performed for positioning between the UE and NTN network nodes. The new measurements include at least UL signal measurements on the NTN UL between the UE and the NTN. In an exemplary case, the involved NTN nodes may receive UL signals from the UE via the NTN UL on their respective radio links, and at least one of the NTN nodes may transmit DL signals on the involved NTN radio links for use by the UE in performing positioning measurements.

[0055] The UL radio signal may have physical layer characteristics specific to NTN operation, such as sequence parameters, bandwidth, SCS or symbol length, cyclic prefix, sequence generation, etc. In one example, the UL radio signal is transmitted on a radio frequency or frequency band dedicated to NTN operation. In another example, the UL radio signal is transmitted with multiple repetitions to compensate for large distances.

[0056] The transmission of UL radio signals may also be based on a TA (extended TA) that is larger than currently supported for terrestrial networks. A corresponding TA offset may need to be taken into account (e.g., subtracted) in the relevant new measurements (e.g., Rx-Tx or RTT involving the UL NTN link). This TA offset can be subtracted by the UE or the location server (e.g., if it receives corresponding information from the serving NTN node).

[0057] New measurements teeth , may be further characterized by one or more of the following: • A measurement report mapping range (extended measurement report mapping) adapted to the distance and path loss traveled by the UL signal, which differs from that of similar types of terrestrial network measurements. ● An extended measurement period compared to that required for similar types of terrestrial network measurements (the measurement period involves multiple repetitions of the signal used for the new measurement to compensate for the large spacing between the UE and the NTN node). consideration may be possible), the UE will accordingly adapt its measurement procedures to the extended measurement period and the network nodes will adapt one or more of their timers to the extended measurement period. ● Measurements are associated with NTN / satellite beams and their identification information (e.g., see Figure 2) and can, for example, determine how the measurements are performed (e.g., receiving and / or transmitting signals associated with a beam, performing measurements for multiple beams, determining the best beam, determining the receiving or transmitting beam / direction before performing the measurement, adapting the receiving antenna configuration to receive in a particular direction, receiving / transmitting signals in the time and / or frequency resources associated with the beam, etc.) and can be reported (e.g., reporting measurements per beam, etc.). Measurements may be performed on frequency resources related to NTN radio operation. ● The measurements may include a delay or offset specific to the NTN link (e.g., a TA offset), and in various examples, the measurements are reported without or with this delay / offset subtracted (e.g., the delay / offset may be subtracted when it can be determined or obtained by the measurement node). • The measurement report mapping can be adapted to or based on delays or offsets specific to the NTN link (e.g., TA offset), e.g., a larger reporting range due to possible delays / offsets.

[0058] New measurements teeth , UL measurement ( based on UL signals only) or bidirectional measurements (The uplink measurements may be performed by the NTN node, while the two-way measurements may be performed by the UE or the NTN node.

[0059] In one example, the new measurement may be, for example, a timing measurement (e.g., UL ToA, UL TDOA, UE Rx-Tx time difference, NTN Rx-Tx time difference, RTT, multi-RTT, RToA, measured in time, timing advance, etc.), absolute or relative or differential, unidirectional or bidirectional. In another example, the new measurement may be a power-based measurement (e.g., relative power, received signal quality or RSRQ (dB), total received power or interference or RSSI (dBm), received signal power or RSRP (dBm) or dB for absolute or relative or differential). In yet another example, the new measurement may be an angle measurement (e.g., AoA in elevation and azimuth), absolute or relative or differential.

[0060] Then, a new measurement teeth , can be used for positioning, for example, to determine the location of the UE. Positioning can be performed by using new measurements of Based on or new measurements and At least one measurement based on a terrestrial radio link and The method may be based on any combination of:

[0061] New measurements to Determining or calculating the UE location based on the new measurements can be done, for example, at a location server or NTN node, or even at the UE (at least but Measurements at the UE over the NTN radio link of Includes bidirectional measurement of An example of a location server is the LMF.

[0062] The new method for performing and managing positioning measurements provides flexibility as to which node or entity is the "measurement node," and in the exemplary case, an NTN node acts as the measurement node. Here, an "NTN node" acting as a "measurement node" means that the NTN node makes measurements on an NTN radio link, more specifically, measures an UL signal transmitted by a UE on an NTN UL (the NTN radio link can be considered to include or provide an NTN UL and an NTN DL).

[0063] If the measurement node for the new positioning measurement is an NTN node (in the case of a new UL measurement or a new bidirectional measurement), an exemplary procedure comprises the following, although the following individual steps or operations need not necessarily be included in all embodiments: ● NTN nodes are being asked to provide capability information regarding their support for new measurements. • The NTN node provides capability information indicating its ability to support new measurements (eg, provides information to another node, eg, another NTN node or a location server). • The NTN node receives a request for a new measurement request from another node (for example, from a location server other than a terrestrial network node, or from another NTN node). ● The NTN node determines the configuration of the signals (at least UL) to be received by the NTN node for a new measurement, where the decision can be based on predefined rules and / or messages from another node (e.g., from a location server or from another NTN node). ● For bidirectional measurements such as Rx-Tx time difference, the NTN node can also determine the configuration of the DL signal required to determine the transmit timing, Tx (in addition to the receive timing, Rx, of the UL signal). • The NTN node may receive assistance data (eg from a location server, from a terrestrial network node, or from another NTN node) that enables it to perform new measurements. The NTN node performs new measurements (based on one or more signal samples) based on at least the UL signal having the determined signal configuration. ● New measurements but In the beam-based case, unless the NTN node performing the measurements knows which one or more of its receive beams the UE is associated with, e.g., if the UE is served via an NTN DL beam, the NTN node can infer that the same or similar beam direction should be used to receive the NTN UL signal from the UE, and can search multiple receive beams. The NTN node performs the following actions regarding the new measurement: (a) New measurements of The measurements may be reported to another node (e.g., a location server, another NTN node, or a terrestrial network node) indicating the UE's NTN cell and / or beam / direction (e.g., its serving NTN cell and DL NTN beam), which may then pass the new measurements to another node (e.g., a location server, another NTN node, or a terrestrial network node). (b) Determine the UE's location using the received new measurements (see similar process for NTN nodes). (c) Save the new measurements in internal or external memory or a database for use in positioning (for NTN nodes see similar steps below). (d) Determine the location of the UE using the new measurements made. (e) Use NTN beam / direction information, if available, and / or its trajectory in determining the UE's location (or the location of the NTN node on its trajectory may need to be determined for the time the new measurement is made before determining the UE's location). (f) storing the new measurements in an internal or external memory or database for further use in positioning;

[0064] The NTN node may be in motion, i.e., it may be a UAS or a non-geostationary satellite, and new measurements may be implicitly (e.g., over time) or explicitly associated with the location of a specific NTN node in its orbit.

[0065] Now consider the case where the UE is the measurement node for the new measurement. When the measurement node for the new measurement is the UE (the new measurement is a new bidirectional measurement), an exemplary procedure comprises several operations or steps, although not all steps are performed in all embodiments. The UE receives a request for its capability information regarding its support of new measurements. The UE provides its capability information (e.g., directly to the serving NTN node, location server, or serving terrestrial network node, or via the NTN node) indicating its ability to support one or more of the new measurements. ● The UE receives a new measurement (see Section 5. 2) request from another node (e.g. from a location server, or from an NTN node, or from a terrestrial network node, either directly or via an NTN node). ● The UE receives assistance data, which may be called assistance information, and which may be sent directly from an NTN node, a terrestrial network node, or via an NTN node, or from a location server via an NTN node, to enable it to perform new measurements. ● The UE determines the configuration of signals (at least DL) to be received by the UE for the new measurement; for example, the decision can be based on predefined rules and / or messages from another node (for example, from a location server or from a serving NTN node or a terrestrial network node). The UE also determines the configuration of UL signals needed to determine the transmission timing Tx (in addition to the reception timing Rx of DL signals). The UE may or may not transmit UL signals, but at least determines the transmission timing. Here, the assistance data can also indicate the NTN cell and / or beam / direction to be assumed for the new measurement, - The UE performs new measurements (based on one or more signal samples) based on the determined signal configuration. ● For new beam-based measurements, the measuring UE can search its multiple receiving beams and multiple transmitting beams of the NTN node, as long as it does not know the transmitting beam to be received (e.g., determined based on received assistance data). The UE either subtracts the extended TA offset from the measurements or informs the location server about the extended TA. The UE performs one or more of the following operational tasks for the new measurements, including one or more of the following: (a) Reporting new measurements to another node (e.g., to an NTN node, or via an NTN node to a location server, or directly or via an NTN node to a terrestrial network node) based on the extended measurement report mapping, the node receiving the measurement report needs to determine whether the extended measurement report mapping is used (which may be indicated by the UE, for example), and the NTN node may further indicate the determined NTN cell and / or beam direction. The other node can either pass the new measurements to another node (e.g., a location server, another NTN node, or a terrestrial network node), or use the new measurements to determine the UE's location (see similar steps for the UE below), or store the new measurements in an internal or external memory or database for further use for positioning (see similar steps for the UE below). (b) Using the new measurements, Determining the location of the UE 。 If available (e.g., the UE location is determined to be within the beam coverage area or in the corresponding direction), If ), The UE can also use the NTN beam / direction information, The trajectory (orbit) of the NTN node may be used in determining the UE location (or the location of the NTN node on its orbit may need to be determined when new measurements are performed before determining the UE location). (c) storing the new measurements in an internal or external memory or database for further use in positioning;

[0066] The satellites are also moving, but they follow predefined patterns, so that new measurements can be associated either implicitly (e.g., over time) or explicitly with a specific NTN node location in its orbit.

[0067] Several additional factors merit consideration for the new measurements and the accompanying configuration, measurement, reporting, and positioning operations. For example, the UE may need to apply a large TA value for the NTN radio link, which leads to a large offset in its DL and UL frame timing. The NR physical layer timing relationship needs to be enhanced to address the large offset in the UE's DL and UL frame timing. There may be an offset, K_offset, applied to correct the associated timing relationship. In such cases, the NTN node can inform the LMF of any offset applied between the UE's reception of a DL positioning reference signal (PRS) transmitted on the NTN DL and the UE's transmission of a sounding reference signal (SRS) on the NTN UL, at least as the offset affects multi-RTT operations.

[0068] UL-based positioning methods, such as UTDOA or multi-RTT measurements, require multiple base stations to listen to UE transmissions (e.g., UL-SRS). In such cases, the UE associated with the NRPPa provides a signaling mechanism to provide information about specific SRS transmissions by the UE. Such signaling may be relayed via the NGAP protocol. NG application protocol timers may have to be extended to account for long delays in feeder links, which are links between the terrestrial and non-terrestrial portions of the communications network, for example, from gateway nodes or other ground stations to airborne / spaceborne equipment. Therefore, the LMF is advantageously configured to account for these timing delays in positioning procedures performed by the LMF, such as procedures involving UTDOA or multi-RTT.

[0069] With the above information in mind, Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary communications network 10 that provides one or more communications services to a UE 12 by providing access to one or more external networks 14, such as, for example, the Internet. In at least one example, the network 10 operates as an access network to communicatively couple the UE 12 to one or more external service providers 16 that provide one or more communications services via one or more servers 18.

[0070] The communications network 10, or "network 10," includes as one of its segments a non-terrestrial network, or NTN. That is, network 10 includes a non-terrestrial network, RAN (Radio Access Network) 20. The NTN RAN 20 includes an NTN node 22 that provides an NTN radio link for serving the UE 12, or is otherwise coupled to enable the NTN node 22 to make measurements on the NTN radio link, which is understood to include one or more propagation paths between the UE 12 and the NTN node 22.

[0071] In one or more embodiments, the NTN RAN 20 includes multiple NTN nodes 22, e.g., for receiving uplink (UL) signals transmitted by the UE 12 and performing time difference of arrival (TDOA) or other relative measurements based on receiving the UL signals at two or more reception points within the NTN RAN 20.

[0072] According to one or more embodiments, each NTN node 22 includes one or more radio unit (RU) units 24 and one or more digital unit (DU) units 26. The RU units 24 are not located on the ground, i.e., reside on a space or airborne vehicle, and provide the NTN radio links. The one or more DU units 26 may be co-located with one or more RU units 24 (referred to as RU units 24 for brevity). Alternatively, the one or more DU units 26 (referred to as DU units 26 for brevity) may be located on the ground. Thus, when the DU units 26 are co-located with the RU units 24, a "feeder link" or ground station link communicatively coupling the non-terrestrial portion of the NTN RAN 20 to the terrestrial portion of the network 10 passes between the DU units 26 and the ground. When the DU units 26 are located on the ground, the feeder link passes between the RU units 24 and the DU units 26. Satellite gateways and / or interface equipment, not shown, may be involved in the feeder link. For example, see Figures 2-5 for details regarding which portions of the NTN RAN 20 may be terrestrial or non-terrestrial and the corresponding differences in the nature of the feeder links.

[0073] It should be noted that one DU unit 26 may support multiple RU units 24, such that one DU unit 26 may transmit and / or receive signals from multiple airborne / spaceborne transmit / receive points within the NTN RAN 20. Additionally, the NTN RAN 20 may include one or more additional NTN nodes 28, which may be non-terrestrial or terrestrial, and which may provide additional support functions.

[0074] With respect to the new measurements contemplated herein, the NTN node 22 in one or more embodiments is configured to perform NTN UL measurements on UL signals transmitted from the UE 12. Those UL signals and / or measurement operations are tailored to take into account the NTN nature of the wireless link, sometimes referred to as the "service link," in one or more embodiments.

[0075] For example, the UE 12 transmits UL signals on radio resources reserved for NTN use (the network 10 may also include terrestrial radio links, not shown). Additionally or alternatively, the NTN node 22 in one or more embodiments is configured to communicate with one or more other nodes to support configuration of the NTN node 22 and / or the UE 12 in supporting making and reporting new measurements.

[0076] According to a particular embodiment, network 10 includes a core network (CN) 30 that includes several CN nodes 32, such as one or more gateway nodes 34 for satellite link coupling to non-terrestrial portions of NTN RAN 20. Additionally, CN 30 includes or is associated with a location management function (LMF) 40, sometimes referred to as a location server or E-SMLC, unless otherwise noted. As disclosed in the exemplary configurations herein, LMF 40 is configured to support or perform new measurements used to perform positioning based on NTN radio links between UEs 12 and RUs 24 of NTN nodes 22. Of course, there may be more than one NTN radio link between UEs 12 and NTN RAN 20, supported by one RU 24 or multiple RUs 24, which may be supported by a single DU 26 or corresponding DUs 26.

[0077] 9 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the UE 12. Various elements or components make up the UE 12, including a communication interface circuit 50, which may include one or more transmitter (TX) circuits 52 and one or more receiver (RX) circuits 54. The communication interface circuit 50 is configured to transmit and receive wireless signals over an NTN wireless link.

[0078] Other entities or components within the illustrated UE 12 include processing circuitry 60, which includes or is associated with memory 62. Processing circuitry 60 may include fixed circuitry, pre-programmed circuitry, programmable circuitry, or any combination of fixed, pre-programmed, and programmable circuitry. Non-limiting examples include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICS), or essentially any other configuration of digital processing circuitry, such as combinational digital logic, sequential digital logic, or both.

[0079] In at least one example, processing circuitry 60 comprises one or more processors, e.g., microprocessors, specifically adapted to perform any of the UE operations described herein based on executing computer program instructions from one or more computer programs stored on a computer-readable medium providing non-transitory storage for the computer programs. "Non-transitory" does not necessarily mean immutable, but rather implies at least some persistence, and various types of computer-readable media may be involved, such as a mix of non-volatile memory for long-term storage of computer programs and volatile memory as working memory for program execution and scratch data.

[0080] Correspondingly, according to one or more embodiments, the storage device 62 stores one or more computer programs 64 including computer program instructions executed by the one or more processors in the processing circuit 60. The storage device 62 may further store one or more items of configuration data 66, either based on receiving it during live operation or based on being pre-stored. The configuration data 66 comprises, for example, information supporting new measurements for positioning, such as information regarding resources to be used for involved positioning signals, or other configuration settings for configuring and performing new measurements or performing positioning calculations based thereon.

[0081] 10 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an NTN node 22. Various elements or components make up the NTN node 22, which may also be implemented as an entirely non-terrestrial node or in a distributed fashion, with some or more portions of the NTN node 22 being non-terrestrial and some or more portions of the NTN node 22 being terrestrial and linked to the non-terrestrial portions via one or more satellite feeder links.

[0082] The NTN node 22 includes communication interface circuitry 70, which may include one or more transmitter (TX) circuits 72 and one or more receiver (RX) circuits 74, and is configured to provide one or more service links for serving one or more UEs 12, i.e., to provide NTN radio links, each of which includes an NTN UL and an NTN DL. Depending on how the NTN node 22 is implemented, it may include additional types of transmitters 76 and receivers 78, for example, for coupling to a ground station via one or more feeder links or for coupling to non-terrestrial portions of the NTN node 22 via one or more feeder links. The additional communication interface circuitry 79 comprises node-to-node interface circuitry, such as, for example, network interface circuitry for communicating with the LMF 40 and / or other CN nodes.

[0083] Other entities or components within the illustrated NTN node 22 include processing circuitry 80, including or associated with memory device 82. Processing circuitry 80 may be fixed, pre-programmed, or programmable, or any combination of fixed, pre-programmed, and programmable circuits. Non-limiting examples include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICS), or essentially any other configuration of digital processing circuitry, such as combinational digital logic, sequential digital logic, or both.

[0084] According to at least one embodiment, processing circuitry 80 comprises one or more processors, e.g., microprocessors, specifically adapted to perform any of the NTN node operations described herein based on executing computer program instructions from one or more computer programs stored on computer-readable media providing non-transitory storage for the computer programs. "Non-transitory" does not necessarily mean immutable, but rather implies at least some persistence, and various types of computer-readable media may be involved, such as a mix of non-volatile memory for long-term storage of computer programs and volatile memory as working memory for program execution and scratch data.

[0085] Correspondingly, according to one or more embodiments, the storage device 82 stores one or more computer programs 84 including computer program instructions executed by the one or more processors in the processing circuitry 80. The storage device 82 may further store one or more items of configuration data 86, either based on receiving it during live operation or based on being pre-stored. The configuration data 86 comprises, for example, information supporting new measurements for positioning, such as information regarding resources to be used for involved positioning signals, or other configuration settings for configuring and performing new measurements or performing positioning calculations based thereon.

[0086] 11 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the LMF 40. Various elements or components comprising the LMF 40 include a communications interface circuit 90, including one or more transmitter (TX) circuits 92 and one or more receiver (RX) circuits 94, configured to communicate with one or more other network nodes or entities, such as an NTN node 22 supporting new positioning measurements, and / or for communicating with the UE 12 (e.g., via signals transmitted through the NTN node 22 over a provided NTN radio link). For example, the communications interface circuit 90 supports NR LPP for positioning-related communications with the UE 12 and NRPPa for positioning-related communications with the NTN node 22. For details about NRPPa and NRLPP, see, e.g., 3GPP® TS38.455 V15.2.1 (2019-01-14) and 3GPP® TS38.355 V15.6.0 (2020-01-08), respectively.

[0087] Other entities or components within the illustrated LMF 40 include processing circuitry 100, which includes or is associated with memory device 102. Processing circuitry 100 includes fixed circuitry, or pre-programmed circuitry, or programmable circuitry, or any combination of fixed circuitry, pre-programmed circuitry, and programmable circuitry. Non-limiting examples include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICS), or essentially any other configuration of digital processing circuitry, such as combinational digital logic, sequential digital logic, or both.

[0088] According to at least one embodiment, processing circuit 100 comprises one or more processors, e.g., microprocessors, that are specifically adapted to perform any of the NTN node operations described herein based on executing computer program instructions from one or more computer programs stored on a computer-readable medium that provides non-transitory storage for the computer programs. "Non-transitory" does not necessarily mean immutable, but rather implies at least some persistence, and various types of computer-readable media may be involved, such as a mix of non-volatile memory for long-term storage of computer programs and volatile memory as working memory for program execution and scratch data.

[0089] Correspondingly, according to one or more embodiments, the storage device 102 stores one or more computer programs 104 including computer program instructions, the execution of which by one or more processors results in the processing circuit 100. The storage device 102 may further store one or more items of configuration data 106, based on receiving it during live operation or based on being pre-stored. The configuration data 106 comprises, for example, information supporting new measurements for positioning, such as information regarding resources to be used for involved positioning signals, or other configuration settings for configuring and performing new measurements or performing positioning calculations based thereon.

[0090] 12 shows an exemplary signal flow diagram between an LMF and an NTN node, e.g., between the above-mentioned LMF 40 and the above-mentioned NTN node 22. Note that there may be multiple NTN nodes 22 involved in positioning the UE 12, e.g., a serving NTN node 22 that cooperates with the UE 12 in configuring and activating UL SRS transmissions by the UE 12, and one or more NTN nodes 22 that "listen" to those transmissions to be received over a respective NTN radio link between the UE 12 and each of the listening NTN nodes 22. In this sense, the NTN radio link between the UE 12 and a particular NTN node 22 may be considered a propagation path along which transmitted signals travel for reception.

[0091] In any event, with respect to the depicted NTN node, in exemplary step S1, the NTN node provides information to the LMF indicative of delays involved in UL / DL transmissions and the NGAP protocol. According to at least one embodiment, step S1 comprises the NTN node determining propagation delay information associated with one or both of a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station or a service link between the NTN node and a UE, and transmitting the propagation delay information to the LMF for determining multi-RTT assistance data.

[0092] According to an exemplary embodiment of step S2, the LMF uses time offset and / or signal repetition information (indicating the number of repetitions to be used by the UE for SRS transmission on the UL) to generate assistance data for positioning configuration and calculation by one or more nodes. According to at least one embodiment, step S2 includes the LMF receiving, from the NTN node, propagation delay information associated with one or both of a feeder link between the NTN node and the earth station or a service link between the NTN node and the UE, and the LMF determining multi-RTT assistance data for the NTN node or the UE or both. Thus, this step includes: LMF Transmitting multi-RTT assistance data to the NTN node or the UE or both. thing It may further include:

[0093] In one example, the LMF is responsible for notifying the second NTN node when it listens for an UL SRS transmission from the UE. Thus, while requesting the first NTN node to activate SRS transmission from the UE served by the first NTN node, the time instance (time) at which the UE should transmit the SRS is included in the NRPPa assistance data, as well as the time at which the second NTN node should listen for the SRS transmission (step S3).

[0094] In another example, a time delay or offset may be used by the LMF to apply compensation to measurements on UL signals transmitted in the presence of this delay or offset before using the compensated measurements for positioning purposes or its one or more operational tasks related to positioning. To ensure UL coverage, there may also be multiple UL repetitions. Repetitions also imply increased delay. A gNB or other participating NTN node may provide such information to the LMF, which may then take it into account in its position estimation. Such operations may have particular relevance to NTNs supporting NB-IoT services.

[0095] Figure 13 shows an exemplary signal flow from the perspective of the LMF and the UE: In step S1, the location server (ESMLC, LMF) requests capabilities (measurement methods and supported measurements related to the UL NTN) from the target device, i.e. the UE 12 to be positioned.

[0096] In step S2, the target device provides relevant capabilities regarding its NTN-based positioning capabilities.

[0097] In step S3, the target device operating in cell coverage from the NTN node obtains configuration / assistance data (specific to) from the location server in order to perform new measurements (in the two-way signaling case) or to transmit NTN UL signals enabling positioning measurements in one or more NTN nodes (e.g., in each RU 24 or more generally, in each non-terrestrial receiving point). Based on this configuration, the UE performs new measurements or transmits the required UL signals.

[0098] In step S4, according to at least some embodiments, the target device provides a new measurement result report or positioning result report based on the new measurement results along with a response. According to other embodiments, in response to the acquired configuration, the target device may transmit UL signals to be received by the NTN node. That is, depending on the new measurement configuration, the target device transmits UL signals required for positioning measurements by receiving NTN nodes, or performs positioning measurements based on receiving DL signals, e.g., DL PRS configured by the LMF, and reports the results of the positioning measurements.

[0099] FIG. 14 shows an example signal flow from the perspective of the location server and the NTN node.

[0100] In step S1, according to some, but not necessarily all, embodiments, the NTN node provides configuration details such as (transparent or regenerative operation), the cells operating in the NTN coverage, the signal configuration required to perform the new measurements, etc. Delays or offsets associated with UL / DL transmissions may also be provided.

[0101] In step S2, the location server sends a request for new measurements and / or provides assistance data / configuration to enable one or more of the new measurements. The assistance data may also take into account delay or other information reported in step S1. Note that the NTN node receiving the assistance information in step S2 may be the same as or different from the NTN node providing the information in step S1. The "assisted" NTN node performs new measurements and / or configures the required UL signals and / or transmits the required DL signals based on the received assistance data.

[0102] In step S3, the NTN node that has received the assistance data responds with a positioning related report based on the new measurements, including or based on one or more of the new measurements or positioning results, and / or responds by configuring / triggering an UL transmission (in the UE) and / or responds by configuring a DL transmission to enable the new measurements.

[0103] 15-17 are block diagrams illustrating respective embodiments of a wireless device, an NTN node, and a location server, which may be implemented as processing modules or units. The processing modules or units may be virtualized, such as when they are instantiated in a virtual machine. Of course, it should be understood that a processing unit or module includes underlying processing circuitry.

[0104] 18 illustrates an example method 1800 for supporting multi-cell round trip time (multi-RTT) measurements involving a UE, where at least one of the multiple cells is associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node. The method is performed by the NTN node and includes determining propagation delay information associated with one or both of a feeder link between the NTN node and a terrestrial station or a service link between the NTN node and the UE (block 1802). Further, the method includes the NTN node transmitting the propagation delay information to a location server for determining multi-RTT assistance data (block 1804).

[0105] 19 illustrates another exemplary method for supporting multi-RTT measurements involving a UE, where at least one of multiple cells is associated with an NTN node. The method is performed by a location server and includes receiving propagation delay information associated with one or both of a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station or a service link between the NTN node and the UE (block 1902), determining multi-RTT assistance data for the NTN node or the UE or both (block 1904), and transmitting the multi-RTT assistance data to the NTN node or the UE or both (block 1906).

[0106] With the above details in mind, embodiments herein also include corresponding apparatus, for example, a wireless device configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device.

[0107] Embodiments also include a wireless device comprising a processing circuit and a power supply circuit, the processing circuit configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device, and the power supply circuit configured to provide power to the wireless device.

[0108] Embodiments further include a wireless device comprising a processing circuit configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device. According to some embodiments, the wireless device further comprises communication circuitry.

[0109] Embodiments further include a wireless device comprising a processing circuit and a memory, the memory including instructions executable by the processing circuit, whereby the wireless device is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device.

[0110] Embodiments further include a user equipment (UE). The UE has an antenna configured to transmit and receive wireless signals. The UE also includes a radio front-end circuit connected to the antenna and the processing circuit and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the wireless device. According to some embodiments, the UE further includes an input interface connected to the processing circuit and configured to allow information input to the UE to be processed by the processing circuit. - The UE has an output interface connected to the processing circuit and configured to output information processed by the processing circuit from the UE. - The UE may also include a battery coupled to the processing circuitry and configured to power the UE.

[0111] Embodiments herein also include a radio network node configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the radio network node.

[0112] Embodiments also include a radio network node comprising a processing circuit and a power supply circuit, the processing circuit configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the radio network node, and the power supply circuit configured to provide power to the radio network node.

[0113] Embodiments further include a radio network node comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the radio network node. According to some embodiments, the radio network node further comprises communications circuitry.

[0114] Embodiments further include a radio network node including a processing circuit and a memory, the memory including instructions executable by the processing circuit whereby the radio network node is configured to perform any of the steps of any of the embodiments described above for the radio network node.

[0115] Embodiments further include a location server comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the location server. According to some embodiments, the radio network node further comprises communications circuitry, for example for communicating with the radio network node.

[0116] An embodiment further includes a location server comprising a processing circuit and a memory, the memory including instructions executable by the processing circuit, the location server configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the location server.

[0117] More specifically, the above-described apparatus may implement any functional means, modules, units, or circuits to perform the methods and any other processes described herein. According to one embodiment, for example, an apparatus has individual circuits or circuit systems configured to perform steps illustrated in a method diagram. In this regard, a circuit or circuit system may have one or more microprocessors along with dedicated circuitry and / or memory for performing specific functional processes. For example, a circuit system may include one or more microprocessors or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware including one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, etc. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may have one or more types of memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. The program code stored in memory may include program instructions for implementing one or more telecommunications and / or data communication protocols, according to some embodiments, as well as instructions for executing one or more of the methods described herein. According to embodiments using memory, the memory stores program code that, when executed by one or more processors, performs the methods described herein.

[0118] Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the embodiments herein further include corresponding computer programs.

[0119] The computer program includes instructions that, when executed on at least one processor of the device, cause the device to perform any of the respective operations described above. The computer program in this regard may comprise one or more code modules corresponding to the means or units described above.

[0120] Embodiments further include a medium containing such a computer program, which may include one of an electrical signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.

[0121] In this regard, embodiments herein also include a computer program product comprising instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable (storage or recording) medium that, when executed by a processor of the device, causes the device to perform as described above.

[0122] Embodiments further include a computer program product comprising program code portions for performing the steps of any of the embodiments herein when the computer program product is executed by a computing device, which computer program product may be stored on a computer-readable recording medium.

[0123] Additional embodiments are now described, at least some of which may be described for illustrative purposes as applicable in particular situations and / or wireless network types, but which may also be applicable in other situations and / or wireless network types not explicitly described.

[0124] Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in any suitable type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in connection with a wireless network, such as the exemplary wireless network shown in FIG. For simplicity, the wireless network in FIG. 1 only shows network QQ106, network nodes QQ160 and QQ160b, and WDs QQ110, QQ110b, and QQ110c. In practice, the wireless network may further include any additional elements suitable for supporting communications between wireless devices or between wireless devices and other communication devices, such as landline telephones, service providers, or other network nodes or end devices. Of the illustrated components, network node QQ160 and wireless device (WD) QQ110 are shown with additional detail. The wireless network may provide communications and other types of services to one or more wireless devices to facilitate the wireless devices' access to and / or use of services offered by or via the wireless network.

[0125] A wireless network may include any type of communication, telecommunication, data communication, cellular, and / or radio network, or other similar type of system and / or interface. In some embodiments, a wireless network may be configured to operate according to particular standards or other types of predefined rules or procedures. Accordingly, particular embodiments of a wireless network may implement communication standards such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards, wireless local area network (WLAN) standards such as the IEEE 802.11 standard, and / or any other suitable wireless communication standards such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, and / or ZigBee standards.

[0126] Network QQ106 may include one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTN), packet data networks, optical networks, wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks that enable communication between devices.

[0127] Network nodes QQ160 and WD QQ110 include various components, which are described in more detail below. These components cooperate to provide the functionality of a network node or a wireless device, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network. In various embodiments, a wireless network may comprise wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals, whether via wired or wireless connections.

[0128] As used herein, a "network node" refers to a configured, arranged, and / or operative device that may communicate, directly or indirectly, with wireless devices and / or other network nodes or devices in a wireless network to enable wireless access to the wireless devices and / or perform other functions (e.g., management) in the wireless network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., wireless access points) and base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), and NR Node Bs (gNBs)). Base stations may be categorized based on the size of the coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power levels) and may also be referred to as femto, pico, micro, or macro base stations. A base station may also be a relay node or relay donor node that controls a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station, such as a centralized digital unit, sometimes referred to as a remote radio head (RRH), and / or a remote radio unit (RRU). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna-integrated radio. Some of the distributed radio base stations may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS). Further examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as an MSR BS, a network controller such as a radio network controller (RNC) or base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a transmission point, a transmitting node, a multi-cell / multicast coordinating entity (MCE), a core network node (e.g., MSC, MME), an O&M node, an OSS node, a SON node, a positioning node (e.g., E-SMLC), and / or an MDT. In another embodiment, the network node may be a virtual network node, as described in more detail below.However, more generally, a network node may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) that is configured, arranged, and / or operable to enable access to a wireless network and / or provide access to wireless devices or provide some service to wireless devices that have accessed the wireless network.

[0129] In FIG. QQ1, a network node QQ160 includes a processing circuit QQ170, a machine-readable medium QQ180, an interface QQ190, and a network interface QQ200. - The network node QQ160 shown in the exemplary wireless network of FIG. 1 may represent a device including the illustrated combination of hardware components, although other embodiments may have network nodes with different combinations of components. It should be understood that a network node includes any suitable combination of hardware and / or software required to perform the tasks, features, functions, and methods disclosed herein. Furthermore, while the components of network node QQ160 are shown as a single box disposed within a larger box or nested within multiple boxes, in reality, the network node may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component (e.g., device-readable medium QQ180 may include multiple separate hard drives as well as multiple RAM modules).

[0130] Similarly, network node QQ160 may be comprised of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a Node B component and an RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), each of which may have its own respective components. In certain situations where network node QQ160 includes multiple separate components (e.g., a BTS and a BSC component), one or more separate components may be shared among multiple network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NBs. In such a scenario, each unique Node B and RNC pair may potentially be considered a single, individual network node. According to some embodiments, network node QQ160 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). According to such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate device-readable media QQ180 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., the same antenna QQ162 may be shared by the RATs). Network node QQ160 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node QQ160, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or sets of chips and other components within network node QQ160.

[0131] Processing circuit QQ170 is configured to perform any decision, calculation, or similar operation (e.g., a capture operation) described herein as being provided by a network node. These operations performed by processing circuit QQ170 may include, for example, processing the information captured by processing circuit QQ170 by transforming the captured information to other information, comparing the captured or transformed information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the captured or transformed information and making a decision as a result of the processing.

[0132] The processing circuit QQ170 may include one or more combinations of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field-programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and / or coded logic operable, alone or in conjunction with other network node QQ160 components, such as the device-readable medium QQ180, network node QQ160 functionality. For example, the processing circuit QQ170 may execute instructions stored on the device-readable medium QQ180 or memory within the processing circuit QQ170. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits described herein. According to some embodiments, the processing circuit QQ170 may include a system-on-chip (SOC).

[0133] According to some embodiments, the processing circuit QQ170 may include one or more of a radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuit QQ172 and a baseband processing circuit QQ174. According to some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuit QQ172 and the baseband processing circuit QQ174 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units (such as a radio unit and a digital unit). According to alternative embodiments, some or all of the RF transceiver circuit QQ172 and the baseband processing circuit QQ174 may be on the same chip or chips, chipset, board, or unit.

[0134] According to certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB, or other such network device may be performed by processing circuit QQ170 executing instructions stored on device-readable medium QQ180 or memory within processing circuit QQ170. According to alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuit QQ170 without executing instructions stored on a separate or distinct machine-readable medium, such as in a hardwired manner. In any of these embodiments, processing circuit QQ170 may be configured to perform the described functionality, regardless of whether it executes instructions stored on a machine-readable storage medium. Benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuit QQ170 alone or to other components of network node QQ160, but are enjoyed by network node QQ160 as a whole and / or by end users and wireless networks in general.

[0135] The device-readable medium QQ180 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory, including, but not limited to, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (e.g., hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., flash drive, compact disc (CD) or digital video disc (DVD)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory device that stores information, data, and / or instructions that can be used by the processing circuit QQ170. The device-readable medium QQ180 can store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including applications including one or more of computer programs, software, logic, rules, code, tables, etc., and / or other instructions that can be executed by the processing circuit QQ170 and utilized by the network node QQ160. The device-readable medium QQ180 may be used to store any operations performed by the processing circuit QQ170 and / or any data received via the interface QQ190. According to some embodiments, the processing circuit QQ170 and the machine-readable medium QQ180 may be considered to be integrated.

[0136] Inter -The interface QQ190 is used for wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between the network node QQ160, the network QQ106, and / or the WD QQ110. As shown, the interface QQ190 includes a port / terminal QQ194 for transmitting and receiving data to and from the network QQ106, for example, via a wired connection. The interface QQ190 also includes a radio front-end circuit QQ192, which may be coupled to the antenna QQ162 or, according to certain embodiments, may be coupled to a portion thereof. The radio front-end circuit QQ192 includes a filter QQ198 and an amplifier QQ196. The radio front-end circuit QQ192 may be connected to the antenna QQ162 and the processing circuit QQ170. The radio front-end circuit may be configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna QQ162 and the processing circuit QQ170. The radio front-end circuit QQ192 may also process data sent to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. J The interface may receive digital data. The radio front-end circuit QQ192 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filter QQ198 and / or amplifier QQ196. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna QQ162. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna QQ162 collects the radio signal, which is then converted into digital data by radio front-end circuit QQ192. The digital data may be passed to processing circuit QQ170. In other embodiments, the interface may include different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0137] According to certain alternative embodiments, the network node QQ160 may not include a separate radio front-end circuit QQ192; instead, the processing circuit QQ170 may include a radio front-end circuit and may be connected to the antenna QQ162 without a separate radio front-end circuit QQ192. Similarly, according to embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuit QQ172 may be considered part of the interface QQ190. According to still other embodiments, the interface - The interface QQ190 may include one or more ports or terminals QQ194, radio front-end circuitry QQ192, and RF transceiver circuitry QQ172 as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the interface - The face QQ 190 may communicate with a baseband processing circuit QQ 174 that is part of a digital unit (not shown).

[0138] Antenna QQ162 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals. Antenna QQ162 may be coupled to radio front-end circuit QQ192 and may be any type of antenna capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data and / or signals. In some embodiments, antenna QQ162 may include one or more omnidirectional, sector, or panel antennas operable to transmit and receive wireless signals, for example, between 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omnidirectional antenna may be used to transmit / receive wireless signals in any direction, a sector antenna may be used to transmit / receive wireless signals from devices within a specific area, and a panel antenna may be a line-of-sight antenna used to transmit / receive wireless signals in a relatively straight line. In some examples, the use of two or more antennas may be referred to as MIMO. According to some embodiments, antenna QQ162 may be separate from network node QQ160 or connectable to network node QQ160 via an interface or port.

[0139] Antenna QQ162, Inter - Interface QQ190 and / or processing circuit QQ170 may be configured to perform any receiving operation and / or certain acquisition operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data, and / or signals may be received from a wireless device, another network node, and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna QQ162, interface QQ190, and / or processing circuit QQ170 may be configured to perform any transmitting operation described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data, and / or signals may be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node, and / or any other network equipment.

[0140] The power supply circuit QQ187 may include or be connected to a power management circuit and is configured to provide power to the components of the network node QQ160 to perform the functions described herein. The power supply circuit QQ187 may receive power from the power supply QQ186. The power supply QQ186 and / or the power supply circuit QQ187 may be configured to provide power to the various components of the network node QQ160 in a form appropriate for each component (e.g., voltage and current levels required by each component). The power supply QQ186 may be included in the power circuit QQ187 and / or the network node QQ160, or may be external. For example, the network node QQ160 may be connected to an input circuit or interface, such as an electrical cable. - The power supply QQ186 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., a wall outlet) via the power supply interface, whereby the external power source supplies power to the power supply circuit QQ187. As a further example, the power supply QQ186 may be a battery connected to or integrated with the power circuit QQ187. - or battery - If the external power source fails, the battery - Backup power may be provided from a power source. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, may also be used.

[0141] Alternative embodiments of network node QQ160 may include additional components not shown in Figure QQ1 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the network node's functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, network node QQ160 may include user interface devices that enable the input of information into network node QQ160 and the output of information from network node QQ160, thereby enabling a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other management functions on network node QQ160.

[0142] As used herein, a wireless device (WD) refers to an apparatus configured, arranged, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise specified, the term WD may be used interchangeably herein with user equipment (UE). Wireless communication may involve transmitting and / or receiving radio signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared rays, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information over the air. According to some embodiments, a WD may be configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For example, a WD may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to a request from the network. Examples of WDs include, but are not limited to, smartphones, mobile phones, cellular phones, voice-over-IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless cameras, game consoles or devices, music storage devices, playback devices, wearable terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, tablets, laptops, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop mounted devices (LMEs), smart devices, wireless customer premises equipment (CPEs), in-vehicle wireless terminal devices, etc. A WD may support device-to-device (D2D) communications, for example, by implementing 3GPP standards for sidelink communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X), in which case it may be referred to as a D2D communications device. As yet another specific example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a WD may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements and transmits results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another WD and / or a network node. In this case, the WD may be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may be referred to as an MTC device in the 3GPP context.As a specific example, a WD may be a UE implementing the 3GPP® Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) standard. Specific examples of such machines or equipment include sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or household or personal electrical appliances (e.g., refrigerators, televisions, etc.), and personal wearable devices (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.). In other scenarios, a WD may represent a vehicle or other equipment that can monitor and / or report its operating status or other functions related to its operation. A WD such as described above may represent an endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a WD such as described above may be mobile, in which case it may be referred to as a mobile device or mobile terminal.

[0143] As shown, the wireless device QQ110 includes an antenna QQ111, an interface - Interface QQ114, processing circuit QQ120, machine-readable medium QQ130, user interface - The WD QQ110 includes a face device QQ132, an auxiliary device QQ134, a power supply QQ136, and a power supply circuit QQ137. The WD QQ110 may include multiple sets of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by the WD QQ110, such as GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, NB-IoT, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, to name a few. These wireless technologies may be integrated on the same or different chips or sets of chips as other components within the WD QQ110.

[0144] The antenna QQ111 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals, and may include an inter- - According to a particular alternative embodiment, the antenna QQ111 is separate from the WD QQ110 and is connected to the interface QQ114. -The antenna QQ111 may be connected to the WD QQ110 via an interface or port. - The interface QQ114 and / or the processing circuit QQ120 may be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operation described herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, data, and / or signals may be received from a network node and / or another WD. In some embodiments, the radio front-end circuit and / or antenna QQ111 may be considered an interface.

[0145] As shown, the interface QQ114 includes a radio front-end circuit QQ112 and an antenna QQ111. The radio front-end circuit QQ112 includes one or more filters QQ118 and an amplifier QQ116. The radio front-end circuit QQ112 is connected to the antenna QQ111 and the processing circuit QQ120 and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna QQ111 and the processing circuit QQ120. The radio front-end circuit QQ112 may be coupled to or part of the antenna QQ111. According to some embodiments, instead of the WD QQ110 including a separate radio front-end circuit QQ112, the processing circuit QQ120 may include the radio front-end circuit and be connected to the antenna QQ111. Similarly, according to embodiments, some or all of the RF transceiver circuit QQ122 may be considered part of the interface QQ114. The radio front-end circuit QQ112 may receive digital data sent to other network nodes or WDs using a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuit QQ112 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of a filter QQ118 and / or an amplifier QQ116. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna QQ111. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna QQ111 collects the radio signal, which may then be converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuit QQ112. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuit QQ120. In other embodiments, the interface may include different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0146] The processing circuitry QQ120 may comprise a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of one or more of hardware, software, and / or coding logic operable, alone or in conjunction with other WD QQ110 components, such as the device-readable medium QQ130, WD QQ110 functionality. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features or advantages described herein. For example, the processing circuitry QQ120 may execute instructions stored on the device-readable medium QQ130 or in memory within the processing circuitry QQ120 to provide the functionality disclosed herein.

[0147] As shown, the processing circuit QQ120 includes one or more of an RF transceiver circuit QQ122, a baseband processing circuit QQ124, and an application processing circuit QQ126. In other embodiments, the processing circuit may include different components and / or different combinations of components. According to some embodiments, the processing circuit QQ120 of the WD QQ110 may comprise a SOC. According to some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuit QQ122, the baseband processing circuit QQ124, and the application processing circuit QQ126 may be on separate chips or chipsets. According to alternative embodiments, some or all of the baseband processing circuit QQ124 and the application processing circuit QQ126 may be combined into a single chip or chipset, and the RF transceiver circuit QQ122 may be on a separate chip or chipset. According to further alternative embodiments, some or all of the RF transceiver circuitry QQ122 and the baseband processing circuitry QQ124 may be on the same chip or chipset, and the application processing circuitry QQ126 may be on a separate chip or chipset. According to yet other alternative embodiments, some or all of the RF transceiver circuitry QQ122, the baseband processing circuitry QQ124, and the application processing circuitry QQ126 may be combined on the same chip or chipset. According to some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuitry QQ122 may be an interface. - The RF transceiver circuitry QQ122 may be part of the interface QQ114. The RF transceiver circuitry QQ122 may condition the RF signal for the processing circuitry QQ120.

[0148] According to certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being performed by the WD may be provided by the processing circuitry QQ120 executing instructions stored on a device-readable medium QQ130, which may be a computer-readable storage medium according to certain embodiments. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry QQ120 without executing instructions stored on a separate or distinct device-readable storage medium, such as in a hardwired manner. In any of these particular embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ120 may be configured to perform the described functionality, regardless of whether it executes instructions stored on a machine-readable storage medium. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry QQ120 alone or to other components of the WD QQ110, but are enjoyed by the WD QQ110 as a whole and / or by end users and the wireless network as a whole.

[0149] Processing circuit QQ120 may be configured to perform any determination, calculation, or similar operation (e.g., predetermined acquisition operation) described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations may include processing information acquired by processing circuit QQ120, for example, by transforming the acquired information into other information, comparing the acquired or transformed information with information stored by WD QQ110, and / or performing one or more operations based on the acquired or transformed information and / or as a result of said processing making a decision, as performed by processing circuit QQ120.

[0150] The device-readable medium QQ130 may be operable to store applications, including one or more of computer programs, software, logic, rules, codes, tables, etc., and / or other instructions that can be executed by the processing circuit QQ120. The device-readable medium QQ130 may include computer memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., hard disks), removable storage media (e.g., compact discs (CDs) or digital video discs (DVDs)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory, device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that can be used by the processing circuit QQ120. According to some embodiments, the processing circuit QQ120 and the device-readable medium QQ130 may be considered to be integrated.

[0151] User Interface - The user interface device QQ 132 may provide components that allow a human user to interact with the WD QQ 110. Such interaction may take many forms, including visual, auditory, and tactile. -The user interface device QQ132 may be operable to generate output to a user and to allow the user to provide input to the WD QQ110. The type of interaction may vary depending on the type of user interface device QQ132 installed on the WD QQ110. For example, if the WD QQ110 is a smartphone, interaction may occur using a touchscreen. If the WD QQ110 is a smart meter, interaction may occur using a screen that provides usage (e.g., number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audible alarm (e.g., if smoke is detected). The user interface device QQ132 may include input interfaces, devices, and circuits, as well as output interfaces, devices, and circuits. The user interface device QQ132 is configured to allow information to be input to the WD QQ110 and is connected to the processing circuit QQ120 to enable the processing circuit QQ120 to process the input information. The user interface device QQ132 may include, for example, a microphone, proximity or other sensors, keys / buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. The user interface device QQ132 is also configured to enable the output of information from the WD QQ110 and to enable the processing circuitry QQ120 to output information from the WD QQ110. - The interface device QQ132 includes, for example, a speaker, a display, a vibration circuit, a USB port, and a headphone interface. - Using one or more input / output interfaces, devices, and circuits of the user interface device QQ 132, the WD QQ 110 may be able to communicate with end users and / or wireless networks and benefit from the functionality described herein.

[0152] The auxiliary device QQ 134 is operable to provide more specific functions that may not generally be performed by a WD. This may include specialized sensors for taking measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication, such as wired communication, etc. The component load and types of the auxiliary device QQ 134 may vary depending on the embodiment and / or scenario.

[0153] The power source QQ136 may be a battery according to some embodiments. - or battery - The power supply may be in the form of a pack. Other types of power sources may be used, such as an external power source (e.g., an electrical outlet), a photovoltaic device, or a power cell. The WD QQ110 may further include a power circuit QQ137 for directing power from the power source QQ136 to various portions of the WD QQ110 requiring power from the power source QQ136 and for performing any of the functions described or shown herein. The power circuit QQ137 may, in certain embodiments, have a power management circuit. The power circuit QQ137 may additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power source, in which case the WD QQ110 may be connected to an interface such as an input circuit or power cable. - The power supply QQ136 may be connectable to an external power source (such as a wall outlet) via an interface. In certain embodiments, the power supply circuit QQ137 may also be operable to supply power from the external power source to the power supply QQ136. This may be, for example, to charge the power supply QQ136. The power circuit QQ137 may perform any formatting, conversion, or other modification of the power from the power supply QQ136 to make it suitable for the respective components of the WD QQ110 being powered.

[0154] Figure QQ2 illustrates one embodiment of a UE according to various aspects described herein. As used herein, user equipment or UE does not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates an associated device. Instead, a UE may represent a device intended for sale to or operation by a human user, but which may or may not initially be associated with a particular human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device not intended for sale to or operation by an end user, but which may be associated with or operated for a user (e.g., a smart power meter). UE QQ200 may be any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including an NB-IoT UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE. As shown in Figure QQ2, UE QQ200 is an example of a WD configured to communicate according to one or more communications standards promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®), such as 3GPP®'s GSM®, UMTS, LTE, and / or 5G standards. As mentioned above, the terms WD and UE may be used interchangeably. Thus, while Figure QQ2 is a UE, the components described herein are equally applicable to a WD, and vice versa.

[0155] In Figure QQ2, the UE QQ200 has an input / output interface. - Interface QQ205, Radio Frequency (RF) Interface - Interface QQ209, network connection interface -The UE includes a processing circuit QQ201 operatively coupled to an interface QQ211, memory QQ215 including random access memory (RAM) QQ217, read-only memory (ROM) QQ219, storage medium QQ221, a communications subsystem QQ231, a power supply QQ213, and / or any other components, or any combination thereof. The storage medium QQ221 includes an operating system QQ223, application programs QQ225, and data QQ227. According to other embodiments, the storage medium QQ221 may include other similar types of information. A particular UE may utilize all of the components shown in FIG. QQ2 or only a subset of the components. The level of integration between components may vary from one UE to another. Furthermore, some UEs may include multiple instances of components, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

[0156] In Figure QQ2, processing circuit QQ201 may be configured to process computer instructions and data. Processing circuit QQ201 may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operable to execute machine instructions stored in memory as a machine-readable computer program, such as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic circuits, FPGAs, ASICs, etc.), programmable logic circuits with appropriate firmware, one or more stored programs, a general-purpose processor such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP), and appropriate software, or any combination thereof. For example, processing circuit QQ201 may include two central processing units (CPUs). Data may be information in a form suitable for use by a computer.

[0157] In the illustrated embodiment, the input / output interface QQ205 may be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, an output device, or an input and output device. -The UE QQ200 may be configured to utilize an output device using the interface QQ205. The output device can use the same type of interface port as the input device. For example, a USB port may be used to provide input to and output from the UE QQ200. The output device may be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smart card, another output device, or any combination thereof. The UE QQ200 may be configured to use an input device via the input / output interface QQ205 to enable a user to capture information into the UE QQ200. The input device may include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a webcam, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional keypad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smart card, etc. The presence-sensing display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from the user. The sensor may be, for example, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another similar sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microcomputer, a Fo The sensor may be a sensor, a light sensor, or an optical sensor.

[0158] In FIG. QQ2, the RF interface QQ209 may be configured to provide a communication interface to RF components such as a transmitter, receiver, and antenna. The network connection interface QQ211 may be configured to provide a communication interface to a network QQ243a. The network QQ243a may include a wired and / or wireless network, such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, other similar networks, or any combination thereof. For example, the network QQ243a may constitute a Wi-Fi network. The network connection interface - The Interface QQ211 is a receiver and transmitter interface used to communicate with one or more other devices across a communications network according to one or more communications protocols such as Ethernet, TCP / IP, SONET, ATM, etc. - The network connection interface QQ211 may be configured to include a receiver and transmitter function suitable for a communications network link (e.g., optical, electronic, etc.). The transmitter and receiver functions may share circuitry, software, or firmware, or may be implemented separately.

[0159] RAM QQ217 can be configured to interface with processing circuit QQ201 via bus QQ202 to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during execution of software programs such as an operating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM QQ219 can be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuit QQ201. For example, ROM QQ219 may be stored in non-volatile memory and configured to store unchanging low-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basic input / output (I / O), startup, or receiving keystrokes from a keyboard. Storage medium QQ221 can be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disk, optical disk, floppy disk, hard disk, removable cartridge, or flash drive. In one example, storage medium QQ221 may be configured to include an operating system QQ223, an application program QQ225, such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine, or another application, and data files QQ227. Storage medium QQ221 may store any of a variety of operating systems or combinations of operating systems for use by UE QQ200.

[0160] The storage medium QQ221 may be configured to include several physical drives, such as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), a floppy disk drive, flash memory, a USB flash drive, an external hard disk drive, a thumb drive, a pen drive, a key drive, a high-density digital versatile disk (HD-DVD) optical disk drive, an internal hard disk drive, a Blu-ray optical disk drive, a holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disk drive, an external mini dual in-line memory module (DIMM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), an external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smart card memory such as a subscriber identity module or removable user identity (SIM / RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. The storage medium QQ221 may enable the UE QQ200 to access, store, offload, or upload computer-executable instructions, application programs, etc., to temporary or non-transitory memory media. Articles of manufacture, such as those utilizing the communication system, may be tangibly embodied in the storage medium QQ221, which may have a device-readable medium.

[0161] In FIG. 2, processing circuit QQ201 may be configured to communicate with network QQ243b using communication subsystem QQ231. Network QQ243a and network QQ243b may be the same network or networks, or different networks or networks. Communication subsystem QQ231 may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with network QQ243b. For example, communication subsystem QQ231 may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication, such as another WD, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN), according to one or more communication protocols, such as IEEE 802.11, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMAX, etc. Each transceiver may include a transmitter QQ233 and / or a receiver QQ235 to implement transmitter or receiver functionality (e.g., frequency allocation, etc.) appropriate for the RAN link, respectively. Furthermore, the transmitter QQ233 and receiver QQ235 of each transceiver may share circuit components, software, or firmware, or may be implemented separately.

[0162] According to the illustrated embodiment, the communication capabilities of the communication subsystem QQ231 may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communication such as Bluetooth®, near-field communication, etc., location-based communication such as using a global positioning system (GPS) to determine location, another similar communication capability, or any combination thereof. For example, the communication subsystem QQ231 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth® communication, and GPS communication. The network QQ243b may encompass wired and / or wireless networks, such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, other similar networks, or any combination thereof. For example, the network QQ243b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and / or a short-range wireless network. The power supply QQ213 may be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to the components of the UE QQ200.

[0163] The features, advantages, and / or functionality described herein may be implemented in one of the components of the UE QQ200 or may be split across multiple components of the UE QQ200. Furthermore, the features, advantages, and / or functionality described herein may be implemented in any combination of hardware, software, or firmware. In one example, the communication subsystem QQ231 may be configured to include any of the components described herein. Furthermore, the processing circuit QQ201 may be configured to communicate with any of such components via the bus QQ202. In another example, any of such components may be represented by program instructions stored in memory that perform the corresponding functions described herein as being performed by the processing circuit QQ201. In another example, the functionality of any of such components may be split between the processing circuit QQ201 and the communication subsystem QQ231. In another example, the computationally intensive functionality of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware, and the computationally intensive functionality may be implemented in hardware.

[0164] Figure QQ3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment QQ300 in which functionality implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In this context, virtualization refers to creating a virtual version of a device or apparatus, including virtualizing a hardware platform, storage, and network resources. As used herein, virtualization may apply to a node (e.g., a virtualized base station or a virtualized wireless access node) or to a device (e.g., a UE, a wireless device, or any other type of communications device) or component thereof, and relates to embodiments in which at least a portion of functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components (e.g., via one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines, or containers running on one or more physical processing nodes in one or more networks).

[0165] According to some embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments QQ300 hosted by one or more of the hardware nodes QQ330. Furthermore, in embodiments where the virtual node is not a wireless access node or does not require wireless connectivity (e.g., a core network node), the network node may be fully virtualized.

[0166] The functionality may be implemented by one or more applications QQ320 (which may also be referred to as software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) operable to perform some of the features, functions, and / or advantages of some embodiments disclosed herein. The application QQ320 executes in a virtualization environment QQ300 that provides hardware QQ330 including a processing circuit QQ360 and a memory QQ390. The memory QQ390 includes instructions QQ395 executable by the processing circuit QQ360, thereby enabling the application QQ320 to operate to provide one or more of the features, advantages, and / or advantages disclosed herein.

[0167] The virtualization environment QQ300 includes a general-purpose or dedicated network hardware device QQ330 that includes a set of one or more processors or processing circuits QQ360, which may be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitry, including digital or analog hardware components or dedicated processors. Each hardware device may have a memory QQ390-1, which may be a non-persistent memory, for temporarily storing instructions QQ395 or software executed by the processing circuit QQ360. Each hardware device may include a network interface QQ380, including a physical network interface QQ380. -The hardware devices may include one or more network interface controllers (NICs), also known as face cards (FCCs), QQ 370. Each hardware device may also include a non-transitory, persistent, machine-readable storage medium QQ 390-2 having stored therein instructions executable by software QQ 395 and / or processing circuitry QQ 360. The software QQ 395 may include any type of software, including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers QQ 350 (also called hypervisors), software for running virtual machine QQ 340, and software that enables the functions, features, and / or advantages described in connection with some embodiments described herein to be implemented.

[0168] The virtual machine QQ340 is a virtual machine that has virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking, or - The virtual appliance QQ 320 may have a virtual interface and virtual storage and may be executed by a corresponding virtualization layer QQ 350 or hypervisor. Various embodiments of an instance of the virtual appliance QQ 320 may be implemented on one or more virtual machines QQ 340, and the implementation may be done in different ways.

[0169] In operation, the processing circuitry QQ360 executes software QQ395 to instantiate a hypervisor or virtualization layer QQ350, sometimes referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM), which can provide a virtual operating platform that appears to virtual machine QQ340 as network hardware.

[0170] As shown in Figure QQ3, the hardware QQ330 may be a standalone network node with a general or specific configuration. The hardware QQ330 may include an antenna QQ3225 and may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, the hardware QQ330 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g., a data center or customer premises equipment (CPE)), where many hardware nodes cooperate and are managed via a management and orchestration (MANO) QQ3100 that oversees, among other things, the lifecycle management of the application QQ320.

[0171] Hardware virtualization is implemented in some contexts, called network functions virtualization (NFV), which can be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry-standard high-volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage (which may be in a data center), as well as customer premises equipment.

[0172] In the context of NFV, virtual machine QQ340 may be a software implementation of a physical device that executes programs as if it were running on a physical, non-virtualized device. Each virtual machine QQ340 and that portion of the hardware QQ330 that runs that virtual machine, i.e., the hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and / or the hardware shared by that virtual machine with other virtual machines QQ340, form a separate virtual network element (VNE).

[0173] Furthermore, in the context of NFV, a virtual network function (VNF) is responsible for processing a specific network function running in one or more virtual machines QQ340 on top of the hardware networking infrastructure QQ330, and corresponds to application QQ320 in Figure QQ3.

[0174] According to some embodiments, one or more wireless units QQ3200, each including one or more transmitters QQ3220 and one or more receivers QQ3210, may be connected to one or more antennas QQ3225. The wireless units QQ3200 may be connected to one or more suitable network interfaces. - It can communicate directly with the hardware node QQ330 via the interface and can be used in combination with virtual components to provide wireless functions such as a wireless access node or base station to the virtual node.

[0175] According to some embodiments, some signaling may be performed using a control system QQ3230, which may alternatively be used for communication between the hardware node QQ330 and the radio unit QQ3200.

[0176] FIG. QQ4 illustrates a telecommunications network connected to a host computer via an intermediate network, according to some embodiments. In particular, referring to FIG. QQ4, according to an embodiment, the communication system is a 3GPP type cellular network consisting of an access network QQ411, such as a wireless access network, and a core network QQ414. -The access network QQ411 includes a telecommunications network QQ410, such as a wireless access point (NB), eNB, gNB, or other type of wireless access point (GNB), with multiple base stations QQ412a, QQ412b, and QQ412c, each defining a corresponding coverage area QQ413a, QQ413b, and QQ413c. Each base station QQ412a, QQ412b, and QQ412c can be connected to a core network QQ414 via a wired or wireless connection QQ415. A first UE QQ491 located in the coverage area QQ413c is configured to wirelessly connect to or be paged by the corresponding base station QQ412c. A second UE QQ492 located in the coverage area QQ413a can wirelessly connect to the corresponding base station QQ412a. Although multiple UEs QQ491, QQ492 are shown in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to situations where a single UE is within the coverage area or where a single UE is connected to a corresponding base station QQ412.

[0177] The telecommunications network QQ410 is itself connected to a host computer QQ430, which may be implemented as a standalone server, a cloud-based server, a distributed server, or as a processing resource within a server farm. The host computer QQ4 may be owned or controlled by a service provider, or may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. The connections QQ421 and QQ422 between the telecommunications network QQ410 and the host computer QQ430 may extend directly from the core network QQ414 to the host computer QQ430 or may be via an optional intermediate network QQ420. The intermediate network QQ420 may be one or a combination of two or more of a public network, a private network, a hosted network, or a backbone network or the Internet, if present. Specifically, the intermediate network QQ420 may have two or more subnetworks (not shown).

[0178] The overall communication system of FIG. QQ4 provides connectivity between connected UEs QQ491, QQ492 and a host computer QQ430. The connectivity may be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection QQ450. The host computer QQ430 and the connected UEs QQ491, QQ492 are configured to communicate data and / or signals through the OTT connection QQ450 using the access network QQ411, the core network QQ414, any intermediate networks QQ420, and possibly additional infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. The OTT connection QQ450 may be transparent in the sense that participating communication devices through which the OTT connection QQ450 passes are unaware of the routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example, base station QQ412 would not be informed or need not be informed about the past routing of incoming downlink communications with data originating from host computer QQ430 that is forwarded (e.g., handed over) to connected UE QQ491. Similarly, base station QQ412 does not need to be aware of the future routing of outgoing uplink communications originating from UE QQ491 toward host computer QQ430.

[0179] An exemplary implementation of the UE, base station, and host computer discussed in the previous paragraphs, according to one embodiment, is described below with reference to Figure QQ5. Figure QQ5 illustrates a user interface (UE) for communicating with a base station via a DeviceThe QQ500 communication system illustrates a host computer QQ510 communicating partially via a wireless connection with another communication device in the communication system QQ500. In the communication system QQ500, the host computer QQ510 includes hardware QQ515, which includes a communication interface QQ516 configured to establish and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of another communication device in the communication system QQ500. The host computer QQ510 further includes processing circuitry QQ518, which may have storage and / or processing capabilities. In particular, the processing circuitry QQ518 may include one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays, or combinations thereof (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The host computer QQ510 further includes software QQ511 stored on or accessible to the host computer QQ510 and executable by the processing circuitry QQ518. The software QQ511 includes a host application QQ512. The host application QQ512 may be operable to provide services to a remote user, such as the UE QQ530, connecting via an OTT connection QQ550 that terminates at the UE QQ530 and the host computer QQ510. In providing services to the remote user, the host application QQ512 may provide user data that is transmitted using the OTT connection QQ550.

[0180] The communication system QQ500 further includes a base station QQ520 provided within the communication system and equipped with hardware QQ525 enabling communication with the host computer QQ510 and the UE QQ530. The hardware QQ525 allows the interfacing of different communication devices of the communication system QQ500. - A communications interface for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with the - QQ526, and a wireless interface for setting up and maintaining at least a wireless connection QQ570 with a UE QQ530 located within a coverage area (not shown in FIG. QQ5) served by the base station QQ520. -It may include a communication interface QQ527. - Interface QQ526 may be configured to facilitate connection QQ560 to host computer QQ510. Connection QQ560 may be direct or may pass through a core network of the telecommunications system (not shown in FIG. QQ5) and / or one or more intermediate networks external to the telecommunications system. According to the illustrated embodiment, hardware QQ525 of base station QQ520 further includes processing circuitry QQ528, which may include one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays, or combinations thereof (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Base station QQ520 further includes software QQ521 stored internally or accessible via an external connection.

[0181] The communication system QQ500 further includes the previously referenced UE QQ530. The UE hardware QQ535 may include a radio interface QQ537 configured to establish and maintain a wireless connection QQ570 with a base station serving the coverage area in which the UE QQ530 is currently located. The UE hardware QQ535 further includes a processing circuit QQ538, which may include one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays, or combinations thereof (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The UE QQ530 further includes software QQ531 stored on or accessible by the UE QQ530 and executable by the processing circuit QQ538. The software QQ531 includes a client application QQ532. The client application QQ532, with support from the host computer QQ510, is operable to provide services to a human or non-human user via the UE QQ530. On the host computer QQ510, a running host application QQ512 can communicate with a running client application QQ532 via an OTT connection QQ550 that terminates at the UE QQ530 and the host computer QQ510. In providing a service to a user, the client application QQ532 may receive request data from the host application QQ512 and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection QQ550 can transfer both the request data and the user data. The client application QQ532 can interact with the user and generate user data to provide.

[0182] It should be noted that the host computer QQ510, base station QQ520, and UE QQ530 shown in Figure QQ5 may be similar to or identical to the host computer QQ430, one of the base stations QQ412a, QQ412b, and QQ412c, and one of the UEs QQ491 and QQ492 in Figure QQ4, respectively. That is, the internal operation of these entities may be as shown in Figure QQ5 or may be independent therefrom, and the surrounding network topology may be that of Figure QQ4.

[0183] In Figure QQ5, the OTT connection QQ550 is depicted abstractly to illustrate communication between the host computer QQ510 and the UE QQ530 via the base station QQ520, but the exact routing of messages through these devices is not explicitly mentioned to any intermediate devices. The network infrastructure may determine the routing, and the routing may be configured to be hidden from the UE QQ530, the service provider operating the host computer QQ510, or both. While the OTT connection QQ550 is active, the network infrastructure may further decide to dynamically change the routing (e.g., based on load balancing considerations or network reconfiguration).

[0184] The wireless connection QQ570 between the UE QQ530 and the base station QQ520 follows the teachings of embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of the OTT service provided to the UE QQ530 using the OTT connection QQ550, of which the wireless connection QQ570 forms the final segment.

[0185] Measurement procedures may be provided to monitor data rates, latency, and other factors that may be improved by one or more embodiments. Additionally, there may be optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection QQ550 between the host computer QQ510 and the UE QQ530 in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedures and / or network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection QQ550 may be implemented in software QQ511 and hardware QQ515 of the host computer QQ510, or in software QQ531 and hardware QQ535 of the UE QQ530, or both. According to some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or associated with communications devices through which the OTT connection QQ550 passes, and the sensors may participate in the measurement procedures by providing values ​​of the above-exemplified monitored quantities or other physical quantities, from which the software QQ511, QQ531 may calculate or estimate the monitored quantities. Reconfiguration of OTT connection QQ550 may include message formats, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc., and the reconfiguration need not affect base station QQ520 and may be unknown or imperceptible to base station QQ520. Such procedures and functionality may be known and practiced in the art. According to some embodiments, measurements may include proprietary UE signaling that facilitates host computer QQ510 measurements of throughput, propagation time, delay, etc. Measurements may be performed by having software QQ511 and QQ531 send messages, particularly empty or "dummy" messages, using OTT connection QQ550 while monitoring propagation time, errors, etc.

[0186] Figure QQ6 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed in a communication system according to one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be as described with reference to Figures QQ4 and QQ5. To simplify this disclosure, only drawing references to Figure QQ6 are included in this section. In step QQ610, the host computer provides user data. In sub-step QQ611 of step QQ610 (which may be optional), the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step QQ620, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In step QQ630 (which may be optional), the base station transmits the user data carried in the host computer-initiated transmission to the UE, in accordance with the teachings of embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step QQ640 (which may be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.

[0187] Figure QQ7 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed in a communication system according to one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be as described with reference to Figures QQ4 and QQ5. To simplify this disclosure, only drawing references to Figure QQ7 are included in this section. In step QQ710 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional substep (not shown), the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step QQ720, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmitted signal may be passed via a base station according to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step QQ730 (which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried by the transmitted signal.

[0188] Figure QQ8 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed in a communication system according to one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be as described with reference to Figures QQ4 and QQ5. To simplify this disclosure, only the drawings that reference Figure QQ8 are included in this section. In step QQ810 (which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step QQ820, the UE provides user data. In sub-step QQ821 (which may be optional) of step QQ820, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application. In sub-step QQ811 (which may be optional) of step QQ810, the UE executes a client application that provides user data in response to the received input data provided by the host computer. In providing the user data, the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the particular manner in which the user data is provided, the UE begins transmitting the user data to the host computer in sub-step QQ830 (which may be optional). In method step QQ840, the host computer receives user data transmitted from the UE according to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.

[0189] Figure QQ9 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed in a communication system according to one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be as described with reference to Figures QQ4 and QQ5. To simplify this disclosure, only drawing references to Figure QQ9 are included in this section. In step QQ910 (which may be optional), the base station receives user data from the UE in accordance with the teachings of embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step QQ920 (which may be optional), the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step QQ930 (which may be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in a transmission initiated by the base station.

[0190] Any suitable step, method, feature, function, or benefit disclosed herein may be performed via one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual devices. Each virtual device may comprise several of these functional units. These functional units may be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessors or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), dedicated digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or more types of memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, and the like. The program code stored in memory has program instructions for implementing one or more communication and / or data communication protocols, as well as instructions for performing one or more of the techniques described herein. In some implementations, processing circuitry may be used to cause each functional unit to perform a corresponding function in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0191] In view of the above, embodiments herein generally include a communication system including a host computer. The host computer may have processing circuitry configured to provide user data. The host computer may also process the user data via a cellular link for transmission to a user equipment (UE). - A communications interface configured to transmit data over a network - It may have a cellular - The network is wireless - The present invention may include a base station having an interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the base station configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the base station.

[0192] According to some embodiments, the communication system further comprises a base station.

[0193] According to some embodiments, the communication system further includes a UE, the UE configured to communicate with the base station.

[0194] According to some embodiments, the communication system further includes a location server, the location server configured to communicate with any one or more of the UE, the host computer, and the base station.

[0195] According to some embodiments, processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application to provide user data, where the UE has processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.

[0196] Embodiments herein may also be implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a user equipment (UE), and according to at least some embodiments, a location server. The method may include providing, at the host computer, user data. The method may also include, at the host computer, providing, at the cellular location server, a location server. -Initiating transmission carrying user data to the UE over the network The base station may perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the base station.

[0197] According to some embodiments, the method further comprises transmitting the user data at the base station.

[0198] According to some embodiments, the user data is provided at the host computer by executing a host application, in which case the method further comprises executing, at the UE, a client application associated with the host application.

[0199] Embodiments herein also include a user equipment (UE) configured to communicate with the base station. The UE may be configured to implement any of the embodiments described above for the UE. - The interface and processing circuitry.

[0200] Embodiments herein further include a communication system including a host computer, the host computer having processing circuitry configured to provide user data and a cellular radio for transmitting the user data to a user equipment (UE). - A communications interface configured to transmit data over a network - The UE has a radio interface. - The UE has an interface and processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the UE.

[0201] According to some embodiments, cellular - The network further includes a base station configured to communicate with the UE.

[0202] According to some embodiments, processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing user data. Processing circuitry of the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application. Embodiments also include a method performed in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and user equipment (UE). The method includes steps of: providing user data at the host computer; and communicating with a cellular network having a base station. - and initiating transmission over the network to carry user data to the UE. The UE performs any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the UE.

[0203] According to some embodiments, the method further comprises receiving, at the UE, user data from the base station.

[0204] Embodiments herein further include a communication system including a host computer. The host computer is configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station. - The UE has a radio interface. - The UE has an interface and processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the UE.

[0205] According to some embodiments, the communication system further includes a UE.

[0206] According to some embodiments, the communication system further comprises a base station, wherein the base station is a wireless interface configured to communicate with the UE. - and a communications interface configured to transfer user data carried by transmissions from the UE to the base station to a host computer. - The face has a

[0207] According to some embodiments, processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, and processing circuitry of the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing user data.

[0208] According to some embodiments, processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application to thereby provide the requested data, and processing circuitry of the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to thereby provide user data in response to the requested data.

[0209] Embodiments herein also include a method performed in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a user equipment (UE), the method including receiving, at the host computer, user data transmitted from the UE to the base station, the UE performing any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the UE.

[0210] According to some embodiments, the method further comprises providing, at the UE, user data to the base station.

[0211] According to some embodiments, the method may further include executing, at the UE, a client application to provide the user data for transmission. The method may further include executing, at the host computer, a host application associated with the client application.

[0212] According to some embodiments, the method further comprises executing, at the UE, a client application and receiving, at the UE, input data for the client application, the input data being provided at the host computer by executing a host application associated with the client application, the transmitted user data being provided by the client application in response to the input data.

[0213] Embodiments also include a communication system including a host computer. The host computer is configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station. - The base station has a wireless interface. - The processing circuitry of the base station is configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the base station.

[0214] According to some embodiments, the communication system further comprises a base station.

[0215] According to some embodiments, the communication system further includes a UE, the UE being configured to communicate with the base station.

[0216] According to some embodiments, the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, and the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to provide user data received by the host computer.

[0217] Further embodiments include a method performed in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a user equipment (UE), the method including receiving, at the host computer, user data from the base station, the user data originating from a transmission received by the base station from the UE, the UE performing any of the steps in any of the embodiments described above for the UE.

[0218] According to some embodiments, the method further comprises receiving, at the base station, user data from the UE.

[0219] According to some embodiments, the method further comprises initiating, at the base station, transmission of the received user data to the host computer.

[0220] In general, all terms used herein should be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which they are used. All references to a / an / the+ element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. should be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless otherwise specified. The steps of any method disclosed herein need not be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as after or before another step and / or unless it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, where appropriate. Similarly, any advantage of any embodiment may be applied to any other embodiment, and vice versa. Other objects, features, and advantages of the accompanying embodiments will become apparent from the description.

[0221] The term unit may have its conventional meaning in the field of electronic equipment, electrical devices, and / or electronic devices, and may, for example, have a computer program or instructions for performing an electrical and / or electronic circuit, device, module, processor, memory, logic solid state and / or discrete devices, respective tasks, procedures, operations, output and / or display functions, etc., as described herein.

[0222] As used herein, the term "A and / or B" encompasses embodiments having A alone, B alone, or both A and B together. Thus, the term "A and / or B" can equivalently mean "at least one of any one or more of A and B."

[0223] Some embodiments contemplated herein are more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, other embodiments are included within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein. The disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments described herein; rather, these embodiments are provided as examples to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

[0224] Illustrative Embodiments Group A Embodiments A1. A method performed by a wireless device, said method comprising: receiving configuration information that configures the wireless device to support positioning of the wireless device in response to signal measurements performed on one or more non-terrestrial wireless links between the wireless device and one or more non-terrestrial network nodes; transmitting uplink (UL) signals to support the positioning of the wireless device in accordance with the configuration information; Includes:

[0225] A2. The method of embodiment A1, further comprising communicating with a location server in a communications network including the one or more non-terrestrial network nodes via an extension of the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) that has been extended to provide measurement and configuration information specific to positioning using non-terrestrial wireless links.

[0226] A3. The method of embodiment A1 or A2, further comprising reporting capability information to a location server or another network node of a communications network including the one or more non-terrestrial network nodes, the reporting being performed autonomously or in response to receiving a request, indicating the capabilities of the wireless device with respect to supporting positioning of the wireless device using non-terrestrial wireless links.

[0227] A4. A method of any of the Group A embodiments, wherein transmitting the UL signal in accordance with the configuration information includes transmitting a UL Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) having one or more physical layer characteristics specified for positioning via a radio signal propagated over a non-terrestrial radio link.

[0228] A5. A method as described in embodiment A4, wherein the one or more physical layer characteristics include any one or more of sequence parameters, bandwidth, SCS or symbol length, cyclic prefix, sequence generation, frequency or frequency band, and repetition factor.

[0229] A6. A method according to any of the embodiments of Group A, wherein transmitting the UL signal in accordance with the configuration information includes transmitting the UL signal on designated radio resources, wherein the UL signal is transmitted on a frequency or frequencies reserved for non-terrestrial radio use or is transmitted using a repetition factor that compensates for propagation path lengths associated with use of the one or more non-terrestrial network nodes to receive the UL signal.

[0230] AA. The method of any of the preceding embodiments, further comprising: Providing user data; transferring said user data to a host computer via said transmission to a base station; It has.

[0231] Group B Embodiments B1. A method performed by a non-terrestrial network node, said method comprising: reporting one or more parameters associated with a non-terrestrial uplink (UL) path associated with a wireless device to be positioned, the one or more parameters including at least one of a propagation delay associated with the non-terrestrial UL path and a transmission repetition factor used by the wireless device for uplink transmission, the one or more parameters being reported to a location server that considers the one or more parameters for positioning of the wireless device.

[0232] B2. The method of embodiment B1, further comprising communicating with the location server in accordance with an extended version of NRPPa that has been extended to provide measurement and configuration information specific to positioning using radio signals propagated over non-terrestrial radio links.

[0233] B3. The method of embodiment B1 or B2, further comprising reporting capability information to a location server or another network node of the communication network regarding capabilities of the non-terrestrial network node with respect to positioning of a wireless device using the non-terrestrial wireless link, wherein the reporting is performed autonomously or in response to receiving a request.

[0234] B4. A method performed by a non-terrestrial network node, said method comprising: determining a configuration for an uplink (UL) signal received from the wireless device via a non-terrestrial wireless link between the wireless device and a non-terrestrial receiving point included in or coupled to the non-terrestrial network node; performing positioning-related measurements on the UL signals; reporting said positioning-related measurements or results derived therefrom to a location server; and Includes:

[0235] BB. The method of any of the preceding embodiments, further comprising obtaining user data and transferring said user data to a host computer or wireless device.

[0236] Group C Embodiments C1. A method performed by a location server, said method comprising: receiving information indicative of one or more parameters associated with a non-terrestrial wireless link between a wireless device and a non-terrestrial transmitting / receiving point, the one or more parameters being at least one of a delay associated with the non-terrestrial wireless link and a repetition factor used by the wireless device to repeat an UL transmission; determining positioning configuration or assistance data for at least one of one or more non-terrestrial network nodes used to receive UL signals for positioning measurements from the wireless device, one or more non-terrestrial network nodes used to transmit downlink (DL) signals for positioning measurements by the wireless device, and the wireless device; Includes:

[0237] C2. The method of embodiment C1, further including communicating with a non-terrestrial network node for positioning of the wireless device according to an extended version of NRPPa that has been extended to provide measurement and configuration information specific to positioning using wireless signals propagated over non-terrestrial wireless links.

[0238] C3. The method of embodiment C1 or C2 further includes communicating with the wireless device according to an extension of the NRLPP, wherein the NRLPP is extended to provide measurement and configuration information specific to positioning using wireless signals propagated over non-terrestrial wireless links.

[0239] C4. Any of the embodiments of C1-C3 further including receiving capability information from the wireless device and / or from one or more non-terrestrial network nodes regarding an ability to position the wireless device using non-terrestrial wireless links, wherein the reporting is performed autonomously or in response to the location server sending a request.

[0240] CC. The method of any of the preceding embodiments, further comprising: Obtaining location data; transferring the location data to a host computer or wireless device; Includes:

[0241] Group D Embodiments D1. A wireless device configured to perform any step in any embodiment of Group A.

[0242] D2. A wireless device having processing circuitry configured to perform any step in any embodiment of Group A.

[0243] D3. A wireless device, A communication circuit; a processing circuit configured to perform any step of any embodiment of Group A; It has.

[0244] D4. A wireless device, a processing circuit configured to perform any step of any embodiment of Group A; a power supply circuit configured to provide power to the wireless device; It has.

[0245] D5. A wireless device, The wireless device may have a processing circuit and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processing circuit, whereby the wireless device is configured to perform any step in any of the embodiments of Group A.

[0246] D6. A user equipment (UE), an antenna configured to transmit and receive wireless signals; a radio front-end circuit connected to the antenna and processing circuit and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuit; the processing circuitry configured to perform any step of any embodiment of Group A; an input interface coupled to the processing circuit and configured to allow input of information to the UE for processing by the processing circuit; - Face and an output interface connected to the processing circuit and configured to output information processed by the processing circuit from the UE; - Face and a battery connected to the processing circuit and configured to power the UE; It has.

[0247] D7. A computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor in a wireless device, cause the wireless device to perform the steps of any of the embodiments in group A.

[0248] D8. A carrier containing the computer program of embodiment D7, wherein the computer program carrier is one of an electrical signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.

[0249] D9. A radio network node configured to perform any step in any of the embodiments of Group B.

[0250] D10. A radio network node comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any step of any of the embodiments of group B.

[0251] D11. A wireless network node, A communication circuit; a processing circuit configured to perform the steps of any of the Group B embodiments; It has.

[0252] D12. A wireless network node, a processing circuit configured to perform any step of any of the embodiments of Group B; a power supply circuit configured to provide power to the radio network node; Includes:

[0253] D13. A wireless network node, A radio network node having a processing circuit and a memory, the memory including instructions executable by the processing circuit, whereby the radio network node is configured to perform any step in any of the embodiments of Group B.

[0254] D14. The radio network node of any of embodiments D9-D13, wherein the radio network node is a base station.

[0255] D15. A computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a radio network node, cause the radio network node to perform the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.

[0256] D16. The computer program of embodiment D15, wherein the radio network node is a base station.

[0257] D17. A carrier comprising the computer program of any of embodiments D15-D16, the carrier being one of an electrical signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.

[0258] D18. A location server configured to perform any of the steps in any of the embodiments of Group C.

[0259] D19. A location server comprising processing circuitry configured to perform any step in any embodiment of Group C.

[0260] D20. A location server, A communication circuit; a processing circuit configured to perform any step of any embodiment of Group C; It has.

[0261] D21. A location server, a processing circuit configured to perform any step of any embodiment of Group C; a power supply circuit configured to provide power to the location server; It has.

[0262] D22. A location server, A processing circuit and a memory, the memory including instructions executable by the processing circuit, whereby the location server is configured to perform any step in any embodiment of group C.

[0263] D23. A computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a location server, cause said location server to perform the steps of any of the embodiments of group C.

[0264] D24. A carrier containing the computer program of embodiment D23, the carrier being one of an electrical signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.

[0265] Group E Embodiments E1. A communication system including a host computer, the host computer comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; The user data is transmitted to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE). - A communications interface configured to transmit data over a network - Face and and The cellular - The network is wireless - The present invention also includes a base station having a network interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the base station being configured to perform any step of any of the embodiments of Group B.

[0266] E2. The communication system of any preceding embodiment, further comprising a base station.

[0267] E3. The communication system of the two preceding embodiments, further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station.

[0268] E4. The communication system of any of the three preceding embodiments, processing circuitry of the host computer configured to execute a host application and thereby provide user data; The UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.

[0269] E5. A method carried out in a communications system including a host computer, a base station, and a user equipment (UE), said method comprising: providing user data at the host computer; In the host computer, a cellular system having the base station is - initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE over a network; and The base station performs any of the steps in any of the Group B embodiments.

[0270] E6. The method of the foregoing embodiment further comprises, at the base station, transmitting user data.

[0271] E7. The method of the two preceding embodiments, wherein user data is provided at the host computer by executing a host application, and the method further includes executing, at the UE, a client application associated with the host application.

[0272] E8. A user equipment (UE) configured to communicate with a base station, said UE using a wireless interface. - and processing circuitry configured to perform any of the three embodiments described above.

[0273] E9. A communication system including a host computer, the host computer comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; a cellular network for transmitting the user data to a user equipment (UE); - A communications interface configured to transmit data over a network - Face and and The UE is a wireless interface - The UE may have an interface and processing circuitry configured to perform any step in any embodiment of Group A.

[0274] E10. The communication system of any preceding embodiment, wherein the cellular network further includes a base station configured to communicate with the UE.

[0275] E11. The communication system of the two preceding embodiments, further comprising a location server configured to perform any step in any of the embodiments of Group C.

[0276] E12. The communication system of any of the preceding three embodiments, the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application to thereby provide the user data; The processing circuitry of the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.

[0277] E13. A method performed in a communications system including a host computer, a base station, and a user equipment (UE), said method comprising: providing user data at the host computer; In the host computer, a cellular system having the base station is - initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE over a network; and The UE performs any step in any embodiment of Group A.

[0278] E14. The method of any preceding embodiment, further comprising receiving, at the UE, the user data from the base station.

[0279] E15. A communication system including a host computer, The host computer is a communications interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station. - a face; The UE is a wireless interface -The UE has an interface and processing circuitry, wherein the processing circuitry of the UE is configured to perform any step in any embodiment of Group A.

[0280] E16. The communication system of the above embodiment, further comprising the UE.

[0281] E17. The communication system of the two preceding embodiments, further comprising the base station, the base station comprising a radio interface configured to communicate with the UE and a communication interface configured to transfer the user data carried by transmissions from the UE to the base station to the host computer.

[0282] E18. The communication system of any of the three preceding embodiments, the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; The processing circuitry of the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with a host application, thereby providing the user data.

[0283] E19. The communication system of any of the preceding four embodiments, wherein the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application to thereby provide request data, and the processing circuitry of the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to thereby provide the user data in response to the request data.

[0284] E20. A method performed in a communications system including a host computer, a base station, and a user equipment (UE), said method comprising: receiving, at the host computer, user data transmitted from the UE to the base station; The UE performs any step in any embodiment of Group A.

[0285] E21. The method of any preceding embodiment, further comprising, at the UE, providing the user data to the base station.

[0286] E22. The method of the previous two embodiments, further comprising: executing, at the UE, a client application thereby providing the user data to be transmitted; executing, on the host computer, a host application associated with the client application; It has.

[0287] E23. The method of any of the preceding three embodiments, further comprising: running a client application on the UE; receiving, at the UE, input data for the client application, the input data being provided at the host computer by executing a host application associated with the client application; The transmitted user data is before This is provided by the client application.

[0288] E24. A communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station - A communication system including a host computer having a wireless interface, - and processing circuitry of the base station configured to perform any step of any of the embodiments of Group B.

[0289] E25. The communication system of any preceding embodiment, further comprising a base station.

[0290] E26. The communication system of the two preceding embodiments, further comprising the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station.

[0291] E27. The communication system of any of the three preceding embodiments, the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; The UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing user data to be received by the host computer.

[0292] E28. A method performed in a communications system including a host computer, a base station, and a user equipment (UE), said method comprising: The method includes receiving, at the host computer, user data from the base station, the user data originating from a transmission received by the base station from the UE, and the UE performing any of the steps in any of the embodiments of Group A.

[0293] E29. The method of any preceding embodiment, further comprising receiving, at the base station, the user data from the UE.

[0294] E30. The method of the preceding two embodiments, further comprising initiating, at the base station, transmission of the received user data to the host computer.

[0295] Abbreviations At least some of the following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure. In case of discrepancies between abbreviations, how it is used above shall prevail. If listed multiple times below, the first listing shall prevail over any subsequent listings.

[0296] 1xRTT: 1x wireless transmission technology in CDMA2000 3GPP (registered trademark): Third Generation Partnership Project 5G: Fifth generation ABS: Almost blank subframe ARQ: Automatic Repeat Request AWGN: Additive White Gaussian Noise BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel BCH: Broadcast Channel CA: Carrier Aggregation CC: Carrier Component CCCH SDU: Common Control Channel SDU CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access CE: Control element CGI: Cell Global Identifier CIR: Channel Impulse Response CP: Cyclic Prefix CPICH: Common Pilot Channel CPICH Ec / No: Received energy per chip in CPICH divided by power density of the band CQI: Channel Quality Information C-RNTI: Cell RNTI CSI: Channel State Information DCCH: Dedicated Control Channel DCI: Downlink Control Information DL: Downlink DM: Demodulation DMRS: Demodulation Reference Signal DRB: Data Radio Bearer DRX: Discontinuous Reception DTX: Intermittent transmission DTCH: Dedicated Traffic Channel DU: Digital Unit DUT: Under test E-CID: Enhanced Cell ID (positioning method) E-SMLC: Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center ECGI: Evolutionary CGI eNB: E-UTRAN Node B ePDCCH: Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel E-SMLC: Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center E-UTRA: Evolved UTRA E-UTRAN: Evolved UTRAN FDD: Frequency Division Duplex FFS: Further Considerations GEO: Geosynchronous GERAN: GSM EDGE Radio Access Network gNB: NR base station GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request HO: Handover HSPA: High Speed ​​Packet Access HRPD: High Rate Packet Data ISL: Inter Satellite Link LOS: Line of sight LPP: LTE Positioning Protocol LTE: Long Term Evolution MAC: Medium Access Control MBMS: Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service MBSFN: Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service Single Frequency Network MBSFN ABS: Nearly blank subframes in MBSFN MDT: Minimizing Drive Tests MIB: Master Information Block MME: Mobility Management Entity MSC: Mobile Switching Center NON-GEO: non-geosynchronous NPDCCH: Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel NR: New Radio NTN: Non-terrestrial network OCNG: OFDMA Channel Noise Generator OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access OSS: Operational Support System OTDOA: Observed Time Difference of Arrival O&M: Operation and Maintenance PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel P-CCPCH: Primary Common Control Physical Channel PCell: Primary Cell PCFICH: Physical Control Format Indicator Channel PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel PDP: Profile Delay Profile PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel PGW: Packet Gateway PHICH: Physical Hybrid / -ARQ Indicator Channel PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network PMI: Precoder Matrix Indicator PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel PRS: Positioning Reference Signal PSCELL: Primary Secondary Cell PSS: Primary Synchronization Signal PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation RACH: Random Access Channel RAN: Radio Access Network RAT: Radio Access Technology RLF: Radio Link Failure RLM: Radio Link Management RNC: Radio Network Controller RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identification RRC: Radio Resource Control RRM: Radio Resource Management RS: Reference signal RSCP: Received signal code power RSRP: Reference Symbol Received Power or Reference Signal Received Power RSRQ: Reference signal received quality or reference symbol received quality RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator RSTD: Reference signal time difference SAT: Satellite SCH: Synchronization Channel SCell: Secondary Cell SDU: Service Data Unit SFN: System Frame Number SGW: Serving Gateway SI: System Information SIB: System Information Block SMTC: SS / PBCH block measurement time setting SNR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio SON: Self-optimizing Network SR: Scheduling Request SRB: Signaling Radio Bearer SRI: Satellite Radio Interface SS: Synchronization signal SSS: Secondary Synchronization Signal TDD: Time Division Duplex TDoA: Time difference of arrival ToA: Time of arrival TSS: Tertiary Synchronization Signal TTI: Transmission Time Interval UAS: Unmanned Aircraft System UE: User Equipment UL: Uplink UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System USIM: Universal Subscriber Identity Module UTDOA: Uplink Time Difference of Arrival UTRA: Universal Terrestrial Radio Access UTRAN: Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network WCDMA(R): Wideband CDMA WLAN: Wide Area Local Area Network

Claims

1. 1. A method for supporting multi-cell round trip time (multi-RTT) measurements involving a user equipment (UE) (12), wherein at least one of the multiple cells is associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node (22), the method being performed by the NTN node, the NTN node having a gNodeB (gNB) capable of performing NTN operations, the method comprising: determining propagation delay information associated with both a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station and a service link between the NTN node and the UE (1802); transmitting (1804) said propagation delay information to a location server (40) for determining multi-RTT assistance data; and The method, wherein the propagation delay information indicates a service link propagation delay and a feeder link propagation delay.

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the location server is a node in a core network (CN) of a wireless communication network that includes the NTN, and further includes one or more terrestrial network nodes that provide at least one other cell of the multicell.

3. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the NTN node has a remote unit (RU), and a distributed unit (DU) corresponding to the RU is located on the ground.

4. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the propagation delay information comprises one or more timing advance (TA) offsets used by the UE with respect to the NTN node, the one or more TA offsets affecting downlink and uplink frame timing at the UE.

5. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the NTN node is a base station implemented on a satellite or an unmanned aerial system (UAS).

6. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising receiving the multi-RTT assistance data from the location server; performing measurements on one or more uplink (UL) signals received at the NTN node from the UE according to the multi-RTT assistance data; providing the multi-RTT assistance data to the UE for use by the UE in performing one or more downlink (DL) measurements on signals received at the UE from the NTN node; The method comprising performing at least one of the following:

7. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling transmission timing of a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) transmitted by the NTN node for the UE according to the multi-RTT assistance data.

8. A non-terrestrial network (NTN) node (22) configured to support multi-cell round trip time (multi-RTT) measurements involving a user equipment (UE) (12), at least one of the multi-cells being associated with the non-terrestrial network (NTN) node, the NTN node having a gNodeB (gNB) capable of performing NTN operations, the NTN node comprising: a communication interface circuit (70); and a processing circuit (80), the processing circuit comprising: determining propagation delay information associated with both a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station and a service link between the NTN node and the UE; transmitting the propagation delay information via the communications interface circuit to a location server for determining multi-RTT assistance data; It is configured as follows: The NTN node, wherein the propagation delay information indicates a service link propagation delay and a feeder link propagation delay.

9. 9. An NTN node according to claim 8, further configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 2 to 7.

10. 1. A method for supporting multi-cell round trip time (multi-RTT) measurements involving a user equipment (UE) (12), at least one of the multiple cells being associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node (22), the NTN node having a gNodeB (gNB) capable of performing NTN operations, the method being performed by a location server (40); receiving propagation delay information associated with both a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station and a service link between the NTN node and a UE (1902); determining 1904 multi-RTT assistance data for the NTN node or the UE or both; transmitting (1906) the multi-RTT assistance data to the NTN node or the UE or both; and The method, wherein the propagation delay information indicates a service link propagation delay and a feeder link propagation delay.

11. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the location server is a node in a core network (CN) of a wireless communication network that includes the NTN, and further includes one or more terrestrial network nodes that provide at least one other cell of the multicell.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the NTN node has a remote unit (RU), and a distributed unit (DU) corresponding to the RU is located on the ground.

13. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the propagation delay information comprises one or more timing advance (TA) offsets used by the UE with respect to the NTN node, the one or more TA offsets affecting downlink and uplink frame timing at the UE.

14. 1. A location server (40) configured to support multi-cell round trip time (multi-RTT) measurements involving a user equipment (UE) (12), at least one of the multi-cells being associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node (22), the NTN node having a gNodeB (gNB) capable of performing NTN operations, the location server comprising: a communication interface circuit (90); a processing circuit (100), the processing circuit comprising: receiving, via the communication interface circuitry, propagation delay information associated with both a feeder link between the NTN node and a ground station and a service link between the NTN node and the UE; determining multi-RTT assistance data for the NTN node or the UE or both; transmitting the multi-RTT assistance data to the NTN node or the UE or both via the communication interface circuit; It is configured as follows: The propagation delay information indicates a service link propagation delay and a feeder link propagation delay.

15. 15. A location server according to claim 14, further configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 13.

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