Systems and methods for monitoring hydrogeological risks

Abstract

To provide an electronic device for monitoring a moisture geological phenomenon, adapted to detect stress pf a control surface.SOLUTION: An electronic device (2) includes: a box-type casing (3) placed on a control surface (S); one or a plurality of detection elements (4a, 4b, 4c and 4d) configured to convert a mechanical signal (Fi) into an electric signal (Si_ril) having characteristics of a mechanical load acting on the control surface (S); a signal transceiver (5) configured to transmit and receive data; a memory unit (6) including a threshold value (SOG); a power supply (7) configured to supply power to various kinds of elements of the electronic device (2); and a processing unit (20) configured to process moisture geological risk monitoring data. The present invention also describes the electronic device (2) for monitoring a moisture geological phenomenon, adapted to detect stress of a debris flow. The present invention also describes a corresponding method for monitoring the moisture geological phenomenon.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an electronic and electromechanical device for monitoring and warning of hydrogeological phenomena, The present invention relates to a system and method.

[0002] In particular, the present invention relates to rock fall prevention barriers, nets, attachment panels, flexible debris barriers, and soil barriers. Monitoring and warning of rock flows, surface landslides, avalanches, hydrogeological phenomena acting on banks or levees. The present invention relates to an electronic device, system and method for advertising.

[0003] In the following description, a single electronic and electromechanical device for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena is presented. A specific example will be considered. In particular, the present invention also provides a method for detecting hydrogeological phenomena in data communication with each other. The present invention relates to a plurality of electronic devices for monitoring a subject.

[0004] A watershed is intended as a part of the land from which rainwater and surface snowmelt flow into a drainage area. They gather in the same waterway called the [Background technology]

[0005] Currently, known systems for monitoring and warning involve sensors, data transmission and deployment. It is based on a rugged and heavy infrastructure, which is expensive to operate and implement, and It is only available to the specialized world of geotechnical engineering, geomechanics and geology.

[0006] For example, there is little specific experience or case study for monitoring rockfall barriers, and these Some known situations are using cameras, strain gauges on the structure's dampers, inclinometers, etc. The sensors installed to verify the structure and the data transmission are energy-intensive. This is relevant to systems with other devices that are difficult to trust.

[0007] So far, for example, structures have been affected by boulders and therefore rockfalls. If the effectiveness of the rockfall prevention barrier is reduced, it is not possible to obtain information about the effectiveness of the rockfall prevention barrier. It's not easy.

[0008] Known systems are not specific to barriers or nets, but are generally used in geotechnical engineering. Typically, sensors are used that are applied and sometimes adapted to the specific case.

[0009] From a usage point of view, the known systems are very limited because requires significant power resources and expensive wireless infrastructure to operate. and their installation and use are so inconvenient that they prevent their use in many applications. This results in high costs for data collection and management.

[0010] Often, when such systems are applied, they are inaccessible in remote locations. Located in a location that is difficult for people to reach and is not within the power grid and / or telecommunications network has not arrived.

[0011] Furthermore, optimal collection of real-time information and / or hydrogeological risk warnings is required. This is not always possible.

[0012] A drawback of known monitoring systems is that they do not constantly monitor the status of protective devices such as rockfall nets, barriers, etc. This means that it is not necessarily possible to control it remotely.

[0013] Known rockfall barriers are approximately 8-10 metres wide and 3-8 metres high. Individual modules arranged side by side to achieve the desired overall size It is made up of individual modules.

[0014] Previously, rockfall barriers or single modules of barriers have been affected; Simple and specific, providing real-time warnings for fouling nets and all other applications There are no known systems for these applications, and sensors commonly used in geotechnical engineering are sometimes adapted. It is being done. Summary of the Invention

[0015] The object of the present invention is to provide an electronic system for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena that obviates the drawbacks of the prior art. The present invention provides an apparatus, system, and method.

[0016] A particular object of the present invention is to provide a safe and efficient electronic system for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena. The present invention provides an apparatus, system, and method for

[0017] A further specific object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting hydrogeological phenomena that is easy to install, maintain and manage. The present invention provides an electronic device, system, and method for monitoring.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide a self-supplying power supply for long periods of time without the need to connect to a power grid. Electronic devices, systems, and methods for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena are provided, which enable To do this.

[0019] A further object of the present invention is to provide a reliable electronic device for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena. , systems, and methods.

[0020] A further object of the present invention is to provide an access network not covered by a telecommunications network. It can also send warning signals in places where it is not possible to monitor hydrogeological phenomena. The present invention provides an electronic device, system, and method for [Means for solving the problem]

[0021] In a first aspect of the present invention, the above object is achieved by reducing the stress on the control surface as claimed in claim 1. Electronic and electromechanical device for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena, adapted to detect - Patent application This is achieved by:

[0022] Advantageous embodiments are disclosed in dependent claims 2 to 10.

[0023] In a second aspect of the present invention, the above object is achieved by providing a barrier to passage of debris flows, as described in claim 11. It is a hydrogeological phenomenon monitor adapted to detect mechanical stresses, displacements and changes in state due to This is achieved by an electronic device for visualizing and warning. In a third aspect of the present invention, the above object is achieved by the invention disclosed in claim 16. This is achieved by a system for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena. Advantageous aspects of the system include: The above object is achieved in a fourth aspect of the present invention by providing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising: This is achieved by a method for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena as claimed in claim 19. Generally, the present invention provides the following technical advantages:

[0024] The present invention provides a real-time, proactive approach to accident prevention, both in the event of an accident and after an accident has occurred. It allows for remote warning and monitoring of hydrogeological phenomena in time.

[0025] The invention makes it possible to monitor hydrogeological phenomena in inaccessible and difficult to reach places. do.

[0026] The present invention allows for a longer battery life.

[0027] The present invention allows the transmission of alarm signals in real time even in the absence of a telecommunications network. To perform Noh.

[0028] The present invention makes it possible to know the remaining battery power and abnormalities in the device remotely.

[0029] The present invention improves the productivity and efficiency of monitoring hydrogeological phenomena.

[0030] Its ease of use allows for wide distribution and is a valuable tool for the general public, infrastructure, and residential Increases safety in the workplace and at work.

[0031] Its ease of use makes it ideal for emergency management, especially for civil protection volunteers in the event of an accident. and enable its use by the media.

[0032] Devices with an identification system installed in each device (NFC type (Near Field Communication)) The introduction of the device itself, the hydrogeological phenomenon, or the instability control system (rockfall prevention barrier) This allows for the rapid identification of information about the current situation (such as debris flow nets or barriers).

[0033] In particular, the present invention provides a method for detecting rockfalls in situ (in the environment), e.g. in relation to rockfall barriers. It is possible to have data relating to dissipated energy, installation year, ownership entity, etc. directly in Furthermore, the present invention makes it possible to determine the exact location where the detected phenomenon occurred. This allows for targeted interventions in a much shorter time and at a specific cost.

[0034] The above-mentioned technical effects / advantages, and other technical effects / advantages of the present invention, will be provided below in the description of embodiments provided as approximate and non-limiting examples with reference to the attached drawings. It will become even more clearly detailed from

Brief Explanation of Drawings

[0035] To better understand the present invention and evaluate its advantages, several non-limiting exemplary embodiments will be described below with reference to the attached drawings. [Figure 1] A schematic block diagram of a system for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 2] More details of an electronic device for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena according to the present invention, which is used in the electronic system of FIG. 1, are shown. [Figure 3] A side view of the electronic device of FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown. [Figure 4] An upper view of the IV-IV cross-section of the device of FIG. 3 is shown. [Figure 5] A plan view of an electronic device including signal transmission legs is shown. [Figure 6a] A cross-sectional view of the VIa-VIa section of the device of FIG. 5 is shown. [Figure 6b] Details of a side view of the device of FIG. 6a are shown, where the upper side is removed. [Figure 6c] A top view of the details of FIG. 6b is shown. <S [Figures 7a-7c] Alternative embodiments of the devices of FIGS. 6a, 6b, and 6c are shown. [Figure 8a] Embodiments of the signal transmission legs of the electronic devices of FIGS. 5, 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b, 7c are shown. [Figure 8b] An enlarged detail of the leg of FIG. 8a is shown. [Figure 9] A front view of a single module of a rockfall prevention barrier including an electronic device according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 10] A side view of the rockfall prevention barrier of FIG. 9 is shown. [Figure 11]Figure 9 shows the rockfall barrier when a boulder is striking it. [Figure 12] 12 shows a side view of the rockfall prevention barrier of FIG. 11. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 shows a front view of a rockfall barrier made up of several adjacent modules similar to those in FIGS. 9 and 10. [Figure 14] 10 shows a front view of a net or panel attached to the ridge of a mountain or hill, with the electronic device applied thereto, according to another use of the electronic device of the present invention. [Figure 15] 15 shows a cross section of the net or panel of FIG. 14 taken along line XV-XV. [Figure 16] 1 shows a side view of a flexible barrier against debris flows including an electronic device according to the present invention. [Figure 17] Figure 16 shows a front view of a flexible barrier against debris flows. [Figure 18] 1 shows a cross section of a stream in a watershed with an alternative embodiment of the present invention for debris flow. [Figure 19] 19 shows another view of the profile of the embodiment of FIG. 18. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 shows a plan view of the plurality of electronic devices of FIGS. 18 and 19 applied along the path of a water catchment area. [Figure 21] 1 shows a cross-sectional side view of another embodiment of an electronic device according to the present invention. [Figure 22] 22 shows a top view of the device of FIG. 21 without the top cover. [Figure 23] 21 and 22 are shown in plan view when applied to boulders or unstable rock masses. [Figure 24] The application of FIG. 23 is shown in cross-sectional side view. [Figure 25] The application of multiple electronic devices to the edge of a surface landslide is shown. [Figure 26] 1 shows an embodiment of an electronic device applicable to an avalanche. [Figure 27] 27 shows the electronic devices of FIG. 26 applied to an avalanche. [Figure 28] 1 shows an embodiment applicable to banks. [Figure 29] The embodiment of Figure 28 is shown in cross section. [Figure 30] 2 shows an enlarged view of an electronic device for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena according to the present invention, used in the electronic system of FIG. 1 in a rockfall barrier warning configuration; [Figure 31] 1 shows an embodiment of an electronic device applied to the side uprights of a rockfall net in perspective and plan views. [Figure 32] 1 shows an embodiment of an electronic device applied to the central upright of a rockfall net in perspective and plan views. [Figure 33] Detail of the electronic device fixed to the upright part of the rockfall net. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0036] In the following description, identical or similar blocks, components, or modules are referred to as: Although different embodiments of the present invention are shown, the same numerical reference characters are used in the figures. Please note that

[0037] Referring to FIG. 1, a block diagram of an electronic system 1 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena is shown. will be done.

[0038] The electronic system 1 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena comprises: an electronic device 2 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena; a wireless interactive electronic device 40; and a telecommunications network 30.

[0039] The electronic device 2 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena was used to measure the movement of debris flows C1, C2, and C3. The control surface S or the side or bank A surface (e.g. The electronic device 2 is fixed to the ground (for example, by a fixing clamp). Alternatively, it may be staked onto the snow or secured by any other means. If this is not possible, it can only be activated by fixing the legs. , the electronic device 2 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena is mounted on a control surface S or (non-limiting example As a result, it is placed near the side of the debris flow, i.e., bank A.

[0040] For the purposes of describing the invention, the control surface S to which the electronic device 2 is applied will be referred to below as a non-limiting example. Therefore, rockfall prevention barriers, nets, attachment panels, flexible barriers to prevent debris flows, etc. caused by landslides, surface slides, landslides, avalanches, banks, slopes, levees, or stream or river beds. It is envisioned that the electronic device 2 may be configured with a mechanical signal, as will be explained in more detail below. one or more sensors capable of converting the signal Fi into an electrical signal Si_ril, i.e. The telecommunications network 30 comprises detection elements 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. By means of elements (not shown in the figure), an electronic device 2 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena is The network element has the function of connecting the interactive electronic device 40. The network element has the capability to execute software programs represented by "programs." , for example a computer server.

[0041] The telecommunications network 30 may be of fixed type (e.g., Internet), mobile (e.g., For example, 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G mobile radio), or a combination of fixed and mobile types. The telecommunications network 30 may be, for example, a LoRa (registered trademark) network. Low-power wireless data for Internet of Things ("IoT") applications Furthermore, each electronic device 2 can directly reach the interactive electronic device 40. or fixed or mobile wireless communications of 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G type. until it reaches the electronic device 2 reached by the wireless communication network 30, another adjacent It is also possible to send and receive data signals to and from child device 2 and the like.

[0042] on the interactive electronic device 40, on the network element, and on the electronic device for monitoring 2, respectively. A set of three software programs are implemented, primarily through the detection of mechanical stress. (or on the sides, i.e. banks, of a concentrating channel affected by the passage of a debris flow, or and preferably has the capability to monitor hydrogeological phenomena (on the control surface), as described in more detail below. As will be explained, it also has the function of managing malfunctions of the battery and the electronic device 2.

[0043] The electronic interactive device 40 is configured with software that runs on the processing unit of the electronic interactive device 40. The program detects any alarm signals Si_ coming from one or more electronic monitoring devices 2. The interactive electronic device 40 has the capability to receive all It can be of a fixed type, such as a computer or server, or it can be an interactive electronic device. The device 40 may be a mobile device such as a notebook, smartphone, or tablet. and one or more electronic devices for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena via network elements. A long-range wireless signal S_Id (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile) directed to device 2 Wireless or LoRa (registered trademark) and the remaining battery charge status or specific electronic device 2 It can both send and receive short-range radio signals to control and interrogate the functionality of the

[0044] Alternatively, the interactive electronic device 40 is a portable personal computer. See FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an electronic device 2 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena. Device 2 is a box-shaped casing 3; one or more detection elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d; a short-range and / or long-range radio signal transceiver 5; Power supply 7 and and a processing unit 20.

[0045] The electronic device 2 may also comprise a memory unit 6 .

[0046] Preferably, each detection element 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d detects a force Fi (caused by a hydrogeological phenomenon) The sensor is configured to convert the mechanical stress (induced by the sensor) into electrical signals S_ril and S_mis. The transducer is a sensor or transducer that is directly connected to the conductor body 14. The relative displacement is based on the displacement of a contrast spring 12 or a magnet 13. The mechanical stress Fi is converted into an electrical signal according to the change in resistance of the conductor 14. The return spring 12 or magnet 13 is attached to the signal transmitting leg 10 (described in more detail below). The axial direction of the slit extends along a direction substantially parallel to the direction defined by the axial direction of the slit (as shown).

[0047] In this case, if a hydrogeological accident occurs, the resulting mechanical stresses may be one or more impacts a plurality of signal transmitting legs 10, one or more of which are mechanically The stress Fi is transmitted to the sensing elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4i to which each leg 10 is connected. , the relative movement between the contact elements 12, 13 and the electrical contact 14 detects the occurrence of such an accident. (alarm or warning).

[0048] Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and 7a, 7b, 8c show mechanical sensing elements and magnetic elements. In the first case, the spring 12 has typical eyelets at both ends and is secured on one side by screws and bolts. The other side is fixed to the card contacts (it can be magnetic or torn off). (tearing) and is activated in the event of an accident. The dimensions of the spring 12 are: Preferably, it is determined based on the minimum activation energy. It is the magnet 13 that forms both the contact and the calibrated resistance to the activation energy. This is fixed on one side to the leg 10 and on the other side to the device 2 via a bolt. It is specific to the magnitude of the hydrogeological phenomenon that occurred (hydrogeological Detecting the measurement signal S_mis of the applied mechanical force Fi (from mechanical stresses of the physical phenomenon) If necessary, each sensing element 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d may be a sensor or a position transducer, e.g. For example, by a push-back spring 12 or magnet 13 sliding on a plate or electrical contact 14. The magnitude of the displacement or position of the spring or magnet relative to the electrical contact 14 is determined by the mechanism. Determine the unit of measured magnitude S_mis that is specific to the mechanical stress Fi, e.g. , determined by a measuring element 25 (potentiometer, proximity sensor or other).

[0049] The power supply 7 is connected to the processing unit 20, the detection elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the signal transceiver. an internal battery V for powering electronic components within the electronic device 2, such as battery 5; bat _ i DC For example, the power supply 7 may have the function of generating a voltage signal (at the terminals of a series of cells) Termination voltage V bat _ iLIPO type consisting of cells connected in series to generate The battery is a "Lithium-ion polymer battery" and has an internal battery voltage V bat _ i is preferred Alternatively, the number of connected legs 10 or sensing elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the required automatic Depending on the regulation or transmission power, it has a value comprised between 3.3 and 15 volts.

[0050] Instead of or in addition to batteries, solar panels18 can be used to generate electricity. Recharges the primary power source 7 during normal use or provides backup power in case of malfunction or low battery of the device 2 Auxiliary charging can be provided.

[0051] The radio signal transceiver 5 may be long range or short range, or both, and may be powered by a power source 7 Powered by

[0052] The long-range radio signal transceiver 5 is electrically connected to the processing unit 20 and A long-distance signal S_all is carried when detected by the elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. transmits a radio signal S_w_ld, and then the alarm generated by the processing unit 20 The transceiver 5 has the function of transmitting a signal to the electronic interactive device 40. signals S_ri specific to the mechanical forces Fi detected by the detection elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d; l and other information regarding the operating status of the device and / or battery and / or the location of the device It has the function of transmitting a long-distance radio signal S_w_ld that carries the signal.

[0053] The long-range radio signal S_w_ld may be, for example, a 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G mobile radio signal. It is either the LoRa type or LoRa (registered trademark) type.

[0054] The short-range radio signal transceiver 5 is electrically connected to the processing unit 20 and Short-range signals carrying an alarm signal S_all when detected by elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. and then receiving the remote radio signal S_w_sd and the alarm generated by the processing unit 20. The transceiver 5 has the function of transmitting a signal to the electronic interactive device 40. signals S_ri specific to the mechanical forces Fi detected by the detection elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d; l and other information regarding the operating status of the device and / or battery and / or the location of the device It has the function of transmitting a short-range radio signal S_w_sd carrying the signal.

[0055] The short-range radio signal may be, for example, of the Bluetooth or WiFi type. do.

[0056] The processing unit 20 is connected to the transceiver 5, the memory unit 6, and It is electrically connected to one or more sensing elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d.

[0057] The processing unit 20 may be, for example, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a programmable logic controller, or the like. It is a programmable electronic circuit or an integrated dedicated circuit.

[0058] Generally, in this context and in the claims that follow, processing unit 20 will not explicitly state its functionality. For the purpose of clarity and completeness only, separate functional modules (such as memory modules) are Note that the system is considered to be divided into several modules (or operational modules).

[0059] Such a processing unit is suitably programmed to perform the described functions. It may comprise a single electronic device, and the various modules may be part of a programmed device. may correspond to hardware entities and / or routine software that are can.

[0060] Alternatively or additionally, these functions may be distributed among the aforementioned functional modules. This can be performed by a number of electronic devices.

[0061] The processing unit 20 also includes one or more memory modules for executing instructions contained in the memory modules. Multiple processors may be utilized.

[0062] The aforementioned functional modules may be implemented by various local or remote computers. Depending on the architecture of the network present, various local or remote computers may It can also be distributed to remote computers.

[0063] The processing unit 20 detects hydrogeological alarms, equipment or battery malfunctions, or low battery. The device is configured to process the detection data of the terri.

[0064] Each detection element 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d receives one or more signals via a combining element 16. It is connectable to a first end of the transmission leg 10 .

[0065] Each signal transmission leg 10 has a substantially elongated shape and, during use of the electronic device 2 for monitoring, attached (e.g. by fixed clamps) to a control surface S or to the side or bank A of the debris flow. (For example, the second free end is connected to the bottom or base of the debris flow C1, C2, C3) d) connected to a weight or boulder directed at it) and connected to the mechanical stress Fi acting on it The detector elements 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are configured to transmit the detected signal to the detector elements 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. The elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d convert the mechanical stress Fi into an electrical signal Si_ril.

[0066] In an alternative embodiment, the signal carrying leg 10 includes one or more joints 19 . The presence of the joint 19 allows the leg 10 to be fitted to the shape or net shape of the surface S to which the device 2 is applied. It allows for adaptation to

[0067] In particular, the signal transmission legs 10 extend parallel to the control surface S and are connected to the control surface S (directly or a mechanical load Fi acting (indirectly) on said one or more sensing elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d.

[0068] Preferably, one or more sensing elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d measure the mechanical load. and generating a signal Si_mis characteristic of the mechanical load Fi acting on the control surface S. It has the elements to do so.

[0069] Preferably, the signal carrying legs 10 are at least one bar, cable, wire, or optical fiber. One or more of the cables.

[0070] Preferably, the monitoring electronics 2 includes eight signal transmission legs 10 .

[0071] Preferably, the electronic device 2 is , 23, 24 and 26 at a substantially central position of the monitored control surface S. It is fixed.

[0072] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the electronic device 2 may be secured by a screw or a metal band (as shown in FIG. 33). ) or equivalent fixing elements to the central and / or lateral uprights 11 (respectively 31 and 32) so that the electronic device is securely fastened to it. It is determined.

[0073] In one or more panels S of the rockfall net, a signal transmission wire or leg 1 of the sensor 0 can range from a minimum of two legs 10 to, for example, eight legs 10 depending on the electronics used. The maximum number of electronic devices that can be placed in multiples is 2. The length of each signal transmission leg 10 is determined by the deformation coefficient of the net S, i.e., the energy , for which the net S is sized to withstand various types of impacts ( The signaling legs 10 depend on the established energy class. - steel or other material calculated to intervene in the expected deformation length of net S in class Wire made of 1 mm to 15 mm in diameter, preferably 1 mm to 7 mm In one embodiment of the present invention, the wire clamped to the upright 11 may be and / or the device 2 clamped in the net S can be obtained on the same rockfall net. FIG. 30 shows the box-shaped casing 3, the first cover 3a, the sealing gasket 3c, , a top cover 3b, and an antenna 50, in an embodiment of a substantially cylindrical shape. 2 shows an electronic device 2 according to the present invention.

[0074] Preferably, the first cover 3a covers the area containing the sensors 12, 13 and the electronics. The second cover 3b covers the inside of the device 2. The ring 3 may be substantially cylindrical or rounded, as well as square and / or elongated. It may also be rectangular in shape.

[0075] Preferably, the signal carrying legs 10 extend from the electronic device 2 like spokes.

[0076] Preferably, the signal carrying legs 10 are substantially parallel to the control surface S.

[0077] Each signal transmission leg 10 is sensitive to any slight vibration or mechanical stress acting on the control surface S. In particular, each leg 10 has the function of detecting the temperature of the conductors directly occurring along that leg and / or It senses stretching or tearing that occurs within the control surface S to which the legs 10 are connected.

[0078] The legs 10 can be connected to a containment net, directly to the ground, to a surface, or to a system of beams. This can be done.

[0079] A mechanical stress or force Fi acting on the control surface S is mechanically transmitted to one or more legs 10. and are appropriately detected by the detection elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d (to which they are connected). The signal fluctuations emitted and processed by the processing unit 20 are determined and, as a result, dangerous or results in the transmission of an alarm signal Si_all to the electronic interactive device 40.

[0080] The electronic device 2 according to the present invention is at least and 13), attachment nets or panels (Figs. 14 and 15), frames to stop debris flows xibul barrier (Figs. 16 and 17), catchments affected by the passage of debris flows (Fig. 1 8, 19 and 20), surface landslides (Figs. 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25), avalanches ( 26 and 27), or Bank A (Figs. 28 and 29). It is possible.

[0081] According to a possible embodiment of the invention, the electronic device 2 may be configured to equipped with a receiver 8, for example a receiver 8 of a communications satellite of the GPS type (Global Positioning System); In this case, the electronic device 2 provides the interactive electronic device 40 with the location where it is to be placed. This can be done.

[0082] According to this embodiment, the power supply 7 is adapted to further power the receiver 8 at the geographic location. It is something like that.

[0083] In this embodiment, the processing unit 20 is further electrically connected to the geographically located receiver 8. It has been done.

[0084] The radio signal transceiver 5 transmits the geographical location of the device 2 in addition to the alarm signal S_all. The method is further configured to:

[0085] By using the geolocation receiver 8, the signal detector 4a of the i-th electronic device 2, When the electronic device 2 that generated the alarm signal Si_all received from 4b, 4c, or 4d is located The location can be determined.

[0086] Preferably, the electronic device 2 is adapted to withstand vibrations and mechanical shocks that act directly or indirectly on the electronic device 2. It further comprises an accelerometer 9 configured to detect mechanical shocks. The power supply 7 is such as to further power the accelerometer 9. Furthermore, the processing unit The port 20 is further electrically connected to the accelerometer 9 .

[0087] According to a possible embodiment of the invention, the electronic device 2 is a mobile system (smartphone When a device, system (barrier, net or and electronic devices that can provide identification of instability events. Based on NFC technology, the system will enable civil protection operators, those responsible for the work, This allows engineers, maintenance managers, etc. to directly check technical data that is normally difficult to obtain on-site. In this sense, the electronic device also functions as a database providing both information and warnings. do.

[0088] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a containment element (e.g., a rockfall barrier, net, attachment panel, etc.) the surface of the hydrogeological phenomenon being monitored (e.g., surface landslides, a hydrogeological phenomenon adapted to detect stresses on a control surface S, which may be a snow avalanche, a bank, etc. An electronic device for monitoring elephants is described.

[0089] With particular reference to Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, the control surface S The electronic device for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena adapted to detect stresses on the box It is arranged in a mold casing 3, and its underside rests on a control surface S.

[0090] The electronic device 2 according to the invention transmits a mechanical signal Fi characteristic of a mechanical load acting on the control surface S. one or more detection elements 4a, 4b configured to convert the signal into a suitable electrical signal Si_ril b, 4c, and 4d.

[0091] The electronic device 2 is also configured to transmit and receive data (short, medium, and / or long distance). a signal transceiver 5, a memory unit 6 with threshold SOG and various a power supply 7 configured to supply power to said detection elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the signal transceiver 5 to transmit hydrogeological risk monitoring data. and a processing unit 20 configured to process the detected configured to receive said signal Si_ril from each of the elements 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. and an input module 21 configured to compare the signal Si_ril with a corresponding threshold SOG. comparison module 22 and the comparison module 22 configured to transmit an alarm signal S_all to the signal transceiver 5 in response to a match OK. and a transmitting module 23.

[0092] Furthermore, the processing unit 20 advantageously detects the presence or absence of said one or more detection elements 4 Signals S_bat, S_mis, and S_all received from 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d, In response to the request, the state of the electronic device 2 is switched from a normal operation mode to a standby mode. In normal operation mode, the signal transceiver 5 of the electronic device 2 receives the signal S_a ll, signal S_mis, signal S_bat can be sent, and during standby mode, electronic device 2 is designed to operate while consuming minimal power generated by the power supply 7. This arrangement allows further saving of the duration of the power supply 7.

[0093] Figures 9 and 11 show, for example, the type of rockfall netting that covers many railway and road sections. The electronic device 2 is applied to the center. The falling rocks stopped by the net are After that, the operator must walk along the affected section until the accident is identified. It can be detected at a glance by

[0094] By using the electronic device of the present invention, when an accident occurs, the situation can be immediately grasped and the consistency of the phenomenon can be confirmed. assessing the bioavailability and barrier damage in a very low-cost, simple manner, virtually in real time This will determine the actions of the operator and, above all, protect the safety of the operator. The data will go and check the situation themselves. and the security of both the people, businesses and society protected by these structures. The electronics also allow for a wide range of easy programming and configuration combinations to or a visual alarm, or both components can be operated independently and directly.

[0095] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a debris flow tyre, as shown in FIGS. In this aspect of the invention, the electronic device 2 is for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena. The daughter device 2 and its connected signaling legs 10 are as described above in relation to the first embodiment. It is identical to the one.

[0096] In this embodiment, the electronic device 2 detects, but is not limited to, the following from possible debris flows C1, C2, C3: For example, near catchment flows that may be affected by hydrogeological phenomena. It is fixed to the side, i.e., bank A.

[0097] In this alternative embodiment, the signal transmission legs 10 are "immersed" above the bed L of the stream at various heights. The legs 10 are held in place, for example, by a free end connected to a boulder or other object present. In this alternative embodiment, the monitoring electronics 2 are Unlike other embodiments, the control surface S is not placed on the control surface S, but on its outside (e.g., the side or bank). A), while the signal transmission legs 10 are positioned on the surface of potential debris flows C1, C2, C3. In particular, the signal transmission legs 10 are oriented along a direction substantially oblique or perpendicular to the , extending to the riverbed L of the monitored debris flows C1, C2, and C3 and acting on each of them. configured to transmit a mechanical load Fi to one of said sensing elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d .

[0098] In this way, by arranging the legs 10 of the electronic device 2 at different heights, the The flow rate of the liquid passing through the pipe can be known.

[0099] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 21, 22, 23 and 24, a hydrogeological The electronic device 2 for monitoring the phenomenon is a box-shaped device connected by two or more connecting elements 17. The sensor or proximity transducer or The accelerometer 15 and the electronic device 2 shown in FIGS. Equipped with elements.

[0100] In such an embodiment, in use, the lower element 3a is adapted to contact the control surface S (e.g. a large The upper element 3b is fixed to a rock mass or unstable boulder, while the signal transmission legs 10 extend from the upper element 3b. , fixed to a region T located outside the control surface S, which is not affected by hydrogeological phenomena. Preferably, the lower part 3a is fixed to the unstable surface S and is firmly restrained thereto. .

[0101] Both the sensitivity of the signal transmission legs 10 and the final signal S_acc coming from the accelerometer are It decides to activate the device 2 and to send an alarm signal S_all.

[0102] The electronic device 2 shown in Figures 23 and 24 is a solenoid valve located on the upper outer surface of the upper element 3b. The solar panel 18 may be provided to power the electronic device 2. an additional power supply adapted to charge the battery 7 and possibly configured to recharge the battery 7; This extends the life of the battery 7. Solar panels 18 can be present in each of the embodiments described herein. .

[0103] In this embodiment, when the control surface S begins to move or displace, for example in a downstream direction, The upper element 3a moves with the control surface S, while the signal transmitting legs 10 are fixed to the upper element 3b. maintains its position, i.e., a displacement is generated to the lower element 3a relative to the upper element 3b. can be.

[0104] Figure 25 shows several signal transmissions of each device 2 in an area T that is not affected by hydrogeological phenomena. The hydrological system comprises a plurality of electronic devices 2 applied to the edge of the control surface S so that the legs 10 are fixed. 1 shows a system for monitoring geological events.

[0105] In an alternative embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 26 and 27, the monitoring electronic device 2 is 2, 3 and 4, and mounting the electronics 2 on the avalanche control surface S. The monitoring electronic equipment 2 is dropped onto the surface so that it can stand firmly on the surface. An elongated fastening element (picket or similar) firmly positioned on the underside (when in use) of the The present invention further comprises the following elements:

[0106] In this alternative embodiment, the signal transmission legs 10 are flexible and allow the electronic device 2 to rest on the avalanche. Before, during the deployment step on the monitored avalanche (usually at high altitude), The electronic device 2 is folded towards the center of its top surface to prevent damage.

[0107] At the moment when the electronic device 2 falls from above due to gravity at the point of the avalanche being monitored, the legs 10 are folded. At the moment of impact with the avalanche surface S, the legs 10 are positioned so that they are positioned on the monitored control surface S. Spread out like spokes in all directions over their entire length or extension. The release occurs when the tip 24 of the device 2 contacts the surface, releasing the mechanical device (not shown). This is done automatically with

[0108] The spring mechanism is activated by the impact of the device against the surface being monitored. It is held in place by a lever mechanism that opens following impact with the ground. The legs or cables are then dropped directly onto the ground to snap-release the springs. The anchor hook allows for anchoring to the snow surface to allow for signal identification.

[0109] In another alternative embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 28 and 29, the electronic device 2 Used to monitor the instability or collapse of banks or flank defenses. This often occurs due to the presence of nutria, structural deterioration, or misidentification. Until now, there has been no monitoring system for such phenomena, even if it is not precise. By laying the bridge, the electronic device 2 can estimate the potential sidewall pressure of the bank for a long section of the bank. It allows for the detection of deformation and allows for rapid repair actions. In this case, the fiber (optic, card) is laid much longer and along the slope and bank side A. It is made of 10 legs with different configurations depending on the type of bank. The deformation of the bank corresponds to the deformation of the fiber and therefore to the transmission of the alarm signal s_all. handle.

[0110] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a system 1 (FIG. 1) for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena. Regarding System 1, at least one electronic device 2 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena as described herein; Detected hydrogeology transmitted from the transceiver 5 of one or more electronic devices 2 a signal transceiver configured to receive an alarm signal Si_all indicative of a condition of potential danger; and a fixed or mobile interactive electronic device 40 comprising a receiver.

[0111] The transmission of the alarm signal S_all generated by the first electronic device 2 is point-to-point. Point-to-multipoint (single band), point-to-multipoint (multiband), or point-to-multipoint via an all-to-all (broadcast) type transmission, The traffic of other adjacent electronic devices 2 is transmitted until it reaches the transceiver of the mobile interactive electronic device 40. The signal is transmitted to transceiver 5.

[0112] In a system with n electronic devices 2, the hydrogeological alarm signals Si_all are generated and The identification of the i-th electronic device 2(i) that sent the alarm signal Si_all is transmitted together with the alarm signal Si_all. This is done by a unique identification code cod_id.

[0113] Furthermore, if the electronic device 2(i) is equipped with a receiver 8 of the geographic location where it is located, In this case, the signal Si_pos transmitted together with the alarm signal Si_all is allowing the device 2(i) to be remotely and uniquely identified (e.g., on the interactive device 40) do.

[0114] Furthermore, in the event of a low battery, the electronic device 2 sends a low battery signal to the interactive device 40. It is possible.

[0115] Similarly, in the event of a malfunction or failure, the electronic device 2 may send a signal to the interactive electronic device 40. do.

[0116] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena, the method comprising: teeth, a) the detection elements 4a, 4b of an electronic device 2 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena as described above, applying at least one signaling leg 10 to 4c, 4d; b) said electronic device 2 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena and said at least one signal applying a transmission leg 10 to a control surface S (or bank A); c) detecting a mechanical signal Fi acting on said surface S by said signal transmitting leg 10; Pu and, d) converting the mechanical signal Fi into an electrical signal Si characteristic of the mechanical load acting on the control surface S; _ril conversion step, e) receiving the electrical signals Si_ril and S_mis from the detection elements 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d; receiving the signal; f) comparing the signals Si_ril, S_mis with the corresponding thresholds stored in the memory unit 6; Steps to compare with SOG, g) responding to a verified match OK resulting from the comparison carried out by said comparison module 22; transmitting a hydrogeological risk warning signal S_all to the signal transceiver 5 accordingly. and, h) transmitting said alarm signal S_all to a second electronic device 2 for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena; or a transceiver of a fixed or mobile interactive electronic device 40. and

[0117] The invention also relates to a kit for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena, said kit comprising: At least one electronic device 2 for monitoring as described in the specification and one or more and a plurality of signal transmission legs 10.

[0118] The instrument has an optional non-volatile memory that acts as a data logger or simple detector. It can be equipped with

[0119] Both the acquisition system and the transmission are based on low-power and IoT protocols (SigFox, L Specific features adapted to optimize transmission in the oRa (registered trademark, etc.) have been implemented. Designed with extremely low power consumption technology, resulting in an average consumption of microwatts per minute. You get industrial electronics in units of riwatts (extended temperature range).

[0120] Information captured and / or processed (depending on whether data logger functionality is present) transmissions have an average coverage of several kilometers on free frequencies (e.g., 868 in Italy). Mhz), network (point-to-network), point-to-point This can be done directly via point-to-multipoint or point-to-multipoint.

[0121] The transmission will utilize the full potential of the IoT network and, in the absence of incidents, On average, they send at least one "still alive" signal and If an accident occurs, periodic transmissions can be gradually increased.

[0122] Preferably, the signal is transmitted by narrowband Internet of Things technology, and the electronic device The wireless modules present in operate with a battery autonomy of at least 3-5 years It is designed to be.

[0123] For point-to-point connections, the wireless coverage is several kilometers, There are no restrictions on direct connections over the Internet network.

[0124] In other words, it does not use a specific radio link, but uses a simple and economical system to Real-time monitoring of potentially dangerous incidents and reports on incidents directly from the network or app It is possible to manage the situation. This possibility of use is to have energy for a long period of time. Difficult and often difficult to activate transmissions without incurring significant costs Related to powering sensors and signal transceivers in the environment, especially in mountainous and unstable areas. Solve the problems that exist today.

[0125] These electronic monitoring devices are low-cost, easy to use, and allow for widespread and widespread distribution. improve the conditions of the land, natural and human risks, and therefore the livelihood of the entire community. Improve the quality of life.

[0126] The device is positioned for a particular application, switched on and nothing more is required. In extreme emergency situations, some components of the equipment may be flown out, for example to control avalanches or surface landslides. It allows for launch or release from aircraft or helicopters.

[0127] The app, personal computer, or control unit is an electronic device installed Providing first-hand information on important areas.

[0128] The device has a compact shape (a circular vessel with a diameter of approximately 25 cm or less) and is simple for simplicity. It is simple to manufacture, easy to transport, and even easier to install.

[0129] The size of sensitive elements (springs, magnets, fiber drivers, etc.) depends on the energy used. It is governed by regulations that specify the energy class, so that production requires specific calibration Rather, sensitive elements can be placed directly next to electronic devices, creating a boxy Closing the container is very easy. All you need to do during installation is connect the relevant legs. All you have to do is do it.

[0130] The electronic device of the present invention is "calibrated" at a different energy than the standard. Easy to use for both the sensor and the sensitive sensor with legs, differentiated for specific purposes. The connection between the legs and the electronics can be customized to fit the device itself. The device can be attached to any surface, whether it is a hard surface, a net or other object (ground). It may or may not be securely bound to the structure on which it is installed.

[0131] The material and shape used will depend on the specific application. For example, inserting into a fluid container As a result, it is possible to minimize the transmission of signals when faced with accidents such as mudslides and avalanches. To ensure high probability and maximize transmission power, it is primarily carried on the Earth's surface.

[0132] This type of hardware and software optimization allows the system to run on a small battery. By providing up to years of autonomy on a single charger, consumption can be reduced to almost zero. At the same time, it provides self-diagnostics to allow identification of malfunctions or transmission faults.

[0133] In addition to measurements to identify the fault and its location and its possible strength (in the case of optical fiber) Each transmission actually contains two important pieces of information: battery status and geographic coordinates. The first is basic information to understand the state of the system, The second is very important in the face of an accident. If you are torn or pushed away but not submerged, Make it possible.

[0134] The assumed power source 7 is a battery, but a small solar panel can be inserted for internal recharging. This makes it possible to make the device completely autonomous.

[0135] As can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention overcomes the drawbacks highlighted above with reference to the prior art. In particular, the present invention allows the 2G, 3G and 4G mobile telecommunications networks to overcome the Hydrogeology in inaccessible areas not reached by the network or power grid It also allows for better management and control of installed equipment. requires access to the device to enable access and monitoring and control the device's operational status Furthermore, the electronics are compact and robust. This minimizes maintenance and allows the electronic device of the present invention to withstand all monitoring conditions, even under extreme environmental conditions. Suitable for visual and warning applications.

[0136] As explained above, the device according to the present invention detects a hydrogeological risk and immediately , as it transmits both alarm signals and audible and visual alarm signals from the remote location where it is located. , both for monitoring and for alarm. Furthermore, the device according to the invention is not only preventative; They also find use during and after hydrogeological events. The device has applications in the field of alarm management in the field of hydrogeological and engineering instabilities. Civil defense in emergencies also allows operators to manage the progression of hydrogeological phenomena. Certain features are intended to be illustrative and not limiting in nature and are intended to allow for different implementations of the invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention is described in relation to the accidental and specific Further modifications and variations can be made to the present invention to meet the needs of the user. For example, The technical features described in relation to the embodiments of the present invention can be inferred therefrom and applied to other aspects of the present invention. Such modifications and variations are also within the scope of the following claims. As defined therein, it falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. 1. An arrangement for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena, comprising a control surface (S) and an electronic device (2) fixed to the control surface (S) and adapted to detect stresses on the control surface (S), said electronic device (2) comprising: a box-shaped casing (3) placed on the control surface (S); one or more detection elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) configured to convert a mechanical signal (Fi) into an electrical signal (Si_ril) characteristic of a mechanical load acting on said control surface (S), said conversion being direct and based on the displacement of a recoil spring (12) or a magnet (13) relative to a conductor body (14); a signal transceiver (5) configured to transmit and receive data; a memory unit (6) containing a threshold value (SOG); a power supply (7) configured to provide power to the various elements of said electronic device (2); a processing unit (20) connected to each of said detection elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) and to said signal transceiver (5), and configured to process hydrogeological risk monitoring data, an input module (21) configured to receive said electrical signal (Si_ril) from each of said detection elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d); a comparison module (22) configured to compare said electrical signal (Si_ril) with a corresponding threshold value (SOG); a transmitting module (23) adapted to transmit an alarm signal (S_all) to said signal transceiver (5) depending on a match (OK) resulting from the comparison carried out by said comparison module (22); An arrangement comprising:

2. 2. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the electronic device (2) further comprises one or more signal transmission legs (10) extending parallel to the control surface (S) and configured to transmit the mechanical load (Fi) acting on the control surface (S) to one of the detection elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d).

3. 3. The arrangement of claim 2, wherein each detection element (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) is connected to one or more of the signal transmission legs (10).

4. The signal transmission leg (10) comprises at least: bar, cable, Wire, 4. The arrangement of claim 2 or 3, wherein the optical fiber cable is one or more of:

5. 5. The arrangement according to any one of claims 2 to 4, comprising eight signal transmission legs (10).

6. 6. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the one or more detection elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) comprise elements capable of measuring the mechanical load and generating a signal (Si_mis) characteristic of the mechanical load (Fi) acting on the control surface (S).

7. The electronic device (2) includes at least Rockfall prevention barriers, Adhering net or panel, Flexible earth and rock barriers, debris flow, Surface landslides, avalanche, 7. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is applicable to one or more of the following:

8. 8. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the signal transceiver (5) is configured to connect to an interactive electronic device (40) by means of a long-distance telecommunications network (30).

9. 9. The arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the signal transceiver (5) of a first electronic device (2) is configured to transmit and receive data with the transceivers (5) of one or more electronic devices (2).

10. 10. The arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising means (8) adapted to determine the geographical position of the electronic device (2) and to generate a signal (S_pos) indicative of said geographical position.

11. 11. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the processing unit (20) is configured to switch the state of the electronic device (2) from a normal functioning mode, in which the signal transceiver (5) of the electronic device (2) is capable of transmitting the signals (S_all; S_mis; S_bat), to a standby mode, in which the electronic device (2) functions by minimizing consumption of electrical energy generated by the power source (7), in response to the signals (S_all; S_mis; S_bat) received from the one or more detection elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d).

12. 1. A hydrogeological phenomenon monitoring system comprising: An arrangement for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena according to any one of claims 1 to 11; a mobile or fixed interactive electronic device (40) comprising a signal transceiver, the signal transceiver configured to receive an alarm signal (S_all) indicative of a hydrogeological hazard condition detected by one or more electronic devices (2) and transmitted to the transceiver (5).

13. 13. The system for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena according to claim 12, comprising a long-distance telecommunications network (30) configured to connect the mobile or fixed interactive electronic device (40) to the electronic device (2) for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena.

14. 14. The hydrogeological phenomenon monitoring system according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the alarm signal (S_all) generated by a first electronic device (2) is transmitted to the transceivers (5) of other electronic devices (2) via point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, point-to-allpoint type transmission until it reaches the transceiver of the fixed or mobile interactive electronic device (40).

15. 1. A method for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena, comprising: a) applying at least one signal transmission leg (10) to a detection element (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) of an electronic device (2) of an arrangement for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11; b) applying said electronic device (2) for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena and said at least one signal transmission leg (10) to a control surface (S); c) detecting, by means of said signal transmitting legs (10), a mechanical signal (Fi) acting on said surface (S); d) converting said mechanical signal (Fi) into an electrical signal (Si_ril) characteristic of the mechanical load acting on said control surface (S); e) receiving said electrical signals (Si_ril) from said detection elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d); f) comparing said electrical signal (Si_ril) with a corresponding threshold value (SOG) stored in a memory unit (6); g) transmitting a hydrogeological risk warning signal (S_all) to the signal transceiver (5) depending on a verified match (OK) resulting from the comparison carried out by said comparison module (22); h) transmitting said alarm signal (S_all) to said transceiver of a second electronic device (2) for monitoring hydrogeological phenomena or to a transceiver of a fixed or mobile interactive electronic device (40).

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