Finishing structure

Abstract

To prevent the cracking of a face bar that has an opening through which equipment or a structural member has been inserted.SOLUTION: A finishing structure comprises a face bar 26 fixed to a support member fixed to a skeleton, an opening 20A formed at the face bar 26 and enclosing a structural member or equipment, and a slit VA for dividing the face bar 26 into two parts across the opening 20A.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to finish structures. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 listed below describes an air conditioning system in which an outlet grill is provided at the tip of a chamber that is disposed to penetrate a ceiling surface material. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-009143 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] As in Patent Document 1, equipment such as air conditioning equipment and structural members such as pillars may be disposed so as to penetrate a ceiling surface material. In such cases, openings are formed in the ceiling surface material through which the equipment and structural members pass.

[0005] Some boards used as building materials expand and contract due to changes in humidity. When ceiling panels expand and contract, the openings surrounding the equipment and structural components also displace along with the ceiling panel. In the direction of displacement of the ceiling panel, the panel at the rear of the opening may come into contact with the equipment or structural components, potentially causing the panel at the opening to crack.

[0006] In consideration of the above, the present invention aims to suppress cracking of a panel material through which equipment or structural members are passed through an opening. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The finishing structure of claim 1 comprises a panel fixed to a support member fixed to a main body, an opening formed in the panel and surrounding a structural member or equipment, and a slit communicating with the opening and dividing the panel into two parts with the opening in between.

[0008] In the finishing structure of claim 1, an opening that surrounds a structural member or equipment is formed in the surface material.

[0009] If the face material shrinks due to, for example, a change in humidity, the opening surrounding the structural member or equipment will also be displaced along with the face material. If the face material at the rear end of the opening hits the structural member or equipment in the direction of displacement of the face material, the face material at the opening end may crack.

[0010] Therefore, in the finishing structure of claim 1, a slit is formed in the face material, dividing the face material into two parts that sandwich the opening. This prevents the face material from pulling against each other on both sides of the opening when the face material expands or contracts due to humidity changes. This prevents the face material on the rear side of the opening in the direction of displacement from being pulled by the face material on the front side of the direction of displacement, even if the face material and the opening displace. This prevents the face material at the opening edge from cracking.

[0011] The finishing structure of claim 2 is the finishing structure of claim 1, in which an opening that is not connected to the slit is formed at a position sandwiched between two openings that are connected to the slit.

[0012] In the finishing structure of claim 2, an opening not connected to the slit is formed between two openings connected to the slit. In other words, a slit is provided for every two spans of a plurality of structural members or equipment.

[0013] For this reason, if the face material shrinks due to a change in humidity, for example, the face material shrinks toward the opening that is not connected to the slit, but the slits on both sides expand, preventing the face material on the outside of the two slits from being pulled by the face material on the inside of the two slits.

[0014] This suppresses stress generation in the face material and prevents cracking of the face material at the opening edges of the openings that are not connected to the slits, in addition to the two openings that are connected to the slits. In other words, cracking of the face material can be suppressed without forming slits in all openings. Therefore, processing of the face material is easier than when slits are formed in all openings.

[0015] The finishing structure of claim 3 is the finishing structure of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a covering member that covers the slit.

[0016] The finishing structure of claim 3 includes a covering member that covers the slit, which prevents dust, insects, etc. from moving between the main body side and the outside of the main body through the slit.

[0017] The finishing structure of claim 4 is the finishing structure of claim 3, wherein the covering member elastically deforms while being fixed to the support member, and presses the face material along the slit.

[0018] In the finishing structure of claim 4, the covering member presses the surface material along the slit in an elastically deformed state, which is highly effective in preventing the movement of dust, insects, etc. between the main body side and the outside of the main body.

[0019] A finishing structure of claim 5 is the finishing structure of claim 1 or 2, wherein the support member is a joist, and the slit is provided along the joist.

[0020] In the finishing structure of claim 5, the facing material is fixed to the rafters. Therefore, the facing material is relatively difficult to expand and contract in the direction of the rafters, but relatively easy to expand and contract in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the rafters. Furthermore, by providing slits along the rafters to which the facing material is fixed, the facing material 26 is divided along the direction in which it is most likely to expand and contract. This effectively prevents cracks in the facing material.

[0021] A finishing structure according to claim 6 is the finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface material forms a ceiling surface.

[0022] In the finishing structure of claim 6, the facing material forms the ceiling surface. Ceiling surfaces tend to have a larger surface area than wall surfaces. This means that the surface area per facing material tends to be larger, and the amount of expansion and contraction due to water absorption and drying tends to be greater. This facing material can effectively prevent the facing material from cracking even when the amount of expansion and contraction is large. [Effects of the Invention]

[0023] According to the present invention, cracks in a panel through which equipment or structural members pass through an opening can be suppressed. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing a ceiling structure as an example of a finishing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 1A is a top view showing the state of a finishing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention before deformation due to humidity, and FIG. 1B is a top view showing the state after deformation. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a covering member in a finishing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is an upward view showing the state of the finishing structure of the comparative example after deformation due to humidity. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a top view showing a modified example of the slit position in the finishing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] Hereinafter, a finishing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Components indicated by the same reference numerals in each drawing are the same components. However, unless otherwise specified in the specification, each component is not limited to one, and multiple components may exist.

[0026] Furthermore, descriptions of overlapping configurations and symbols in each drawing may be omitted. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments, and may be implemented by making appropriate modifications, such as omitting configurations or replacing them with different configurations, within the scope of the purpose of the present disclosure.

[0027] In each drawing, the directions indicated by arrows X and Y are directions along the horizontal plane and are perpendicular to each other. The direction indicated by arrow Z is a direction along the vertical direction (up and down). In each drawing, the directions indicated by arrows X, Y, and Z are assumed to be consistent with each other.

[0028] <Finishing structure> 1 shows a ceiling structure as an example of a finishing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ceiling structure includes a support member 10 and a surface member 20.

[0029] (support member) The support member 10 is a hanging member fixed to a slab (not shown) serving as a building frame, and is configured to include a hanging bolt 12, a hanger 14, a siding support 16, and a siding 18.

[0030] The suspension bolts 12 are, for example, fully threaded bolts whose upper ends are screwed into anchor nuts or the like embedded in the underside of the slab, and are arranged in the vertical direction. The suspension bolts 12 are also arranged at predetermined intervals in each of two mutually orthogonal directions (X direction and Y direction).

[0031] The hangers 14 are components fixed to the lower ends of the hanging bolts using nuts. A joist support 16 is fixed across the multiple hangers 14 arranged along the Y direction.

[0032] The siding supporters 16 are elongated members arranged along the Y direction. The siding supporters 16 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the X direction (intervals equal to the intervals between the hanging bolts 12).

[0033] The siding members 18 are elongated members arranged along the X direction and are fixed to the siding support 16 using clips (not shown). The siding members 18 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the Y direction (intervals narrower than the intervals between the siding support members 16 in the X direction).

[0034] (Face member) The surface member 20 includes a base material 22 and a finishing material 24, and forms the ceiling surface of a building. The base material 22 and the finishing material 24 are examples of surface materials in the present invention. In this specification, the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 may be collectively referred to as a surface member 26. Note that FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the fixing structure of the surface member 20 to the support member 10, and openings 20A, 20B, and 20C and columns 30A, 30B, and 30C (see FIG. 2 for both) described below are not shown. Furthermore, the "surface member 20" includes the base material 22 and the finishing material 24, as well as openings 20A, 20B, and 20C and slits VA and VC described below, while the "surface member 26" includes only the base material 22 and the finishing material 24.

[0035] The base material 22 is a board material that is disposed below the rafters 18 and fixed to the rafters 18. The longitudinal direction of the base material 22 is disposed perpendicular to the extension direction of the rafters 18. In other words, the longitudinal direction of the base material 22 is along the Y direction. A plurality of base materials 22 are disposed side by side in each of the X direction and the Y direction.

[0036] The base material 22 is made of gypsum board and expands and contracts due to changes in humidity. For example, when the environmental humidity rises and the moisture content increases, the base material 22 expands in the in-plane direction. On the other hand, when the environmental humidity falls and the moisture content decreases, the base material 22 shrinks in the in-plane direction.

[0037] The finishing material 24 is a plate material that is placed below the base material 22 and fixed to the base material 22 with an adhesive or a tacker. The finishing material 24 is placed so that its longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the base material 22. In other words, the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 is along the X direction. Multiple finishing materials 24 are placed side by side in both the X direction and the Y direction.

[0038] The longitudinal direction of the base material 22 may be set to the X direction, and the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 may be set to the Y direction. Furthermore, in this example, the longitudinal direction of the base material 22 and the longitudinal direction of the finishing material 24 are set to different directions, but these directions may be aligned in either the X direction or the Y direction.

[0039] The finishing material 24 is made of calcium silicate board and expands and contracts with changes in humidity. For example, when the environmental humidity rises and the moisture content increases, the base material 22 expands in the in-plane direction. On the other hand, when the environmental humidity falls and the moisture content decreases, the base material 22 shrinks in the in-plane direction.

[0040] The expansion and contraction rates of the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 due to changes in humidity (expansion and contraction rates when the environmental humidity changes by 1%) are not particularly limited, but in this embodiment, the expansion and contraction rate of the finishing material 24 is greater than that of the base material 22.

[0041] The size of each piece of finishing material 24 is equal to the size of each piece of base material 22. However, for example, at the edge of a ceiling, the base material 22 and finishing material 24 are cut appropriately to fit the area and shape of the space under the ceiling, so the sizes are not constant.

[0042] In addition, taking into consideration the design of the finishing material 24 when viewed visually, the size and shape of each finishing material 24 may be determined independently of the size and shape of the base material 22. As one example, the finishing material 24 may be formed into a square shape of a desired size and arranged in a grid pattern. As another example, the finishing material 24 may be formed into a rectangular shape and arranged so that the joints are horse-jointed. Furthermore, the finishing material 24 may be triangular, hexagonal, or other shapes.

[0043] (openings, slits) 2(A) shows a view from above of the ceiling surface formed by the surface member 20. As shown in this figure, openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are formed in the surface member 20. The openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are through holes formed in the surface member 26, i.e., through holes formed through the base material 22 and the finishing material 24 shown in FIG.

[0044] These openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are formed surrounding pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C, respectively, which serve as structural members of the building. That is, openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are formed by cutting out portions of panel 26 that interfere with pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C. In other words, pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C are arranged to pass through openings 20A, 20B, and 20C, which serve as through-holes formed in panel 26.

[0045] A gap V1 is formed between the inner edge of opening 20A and pillar 30A. A gap V3 is formed between the inner edge of opening 20B and pillar 30B. A gap V2 is formed between the inner edge of opening 20C and pillar 30C.

[0046] Columns 30A, 30B, and 30C are arranged consecutively in the Y direction. The building also has additional columns outside columns 30A, 30B, and 30C in the X direction and outside columns 30A, 30B, and 30C in the Y direction. Openings surrounding these columns are also formed in surface member 20.

[0047] Slits VA and VC are also formed in the surface member 20. Of these, slit VA is a slit that communicates with the opening 20A and divides the surface member 26 into two parts (surface members 26A and 26B) that sandwich the opening 20A. Slit VA is formed on an extension line of a part along the X direction in the gap V1 between the inner edge of the opening 20A and the column 30A. Slit VA is provided along the joist 18 shown in FIG. 3 (along the X direction).

[0048] 2, slit VC is a slit that communicates with opening 20C and divides face plate 26 into two parts (face plates 26B and 26C) that sandwich opening 20C. Slit VC is formed on an extension line of a part along the X direction in gap V2 between the inner edge of opening 20C and column 30C. Slit VC is provided along joist 18.

[0049] Opening 20B is an opening not connected to any slit, and is formed at a position sandwiched between two openings 20A and 20C which are connected to slits VA and VB. That is, a slit is provided for every two spans of columns 30A, 30B, 30C, etc. which are arranged as a plurality of structural members.

[0050] (Covering material) As shown in Fig. 3, the surface member 20 is provided with a covering member 40 that covers the slit VA. A covering member 40 is also provided in the slit VC. The covering member 40 is formed with a main body member 42 and an elastic member 48. Note that the covering member 40 is not shown in Fig. 2.

[0051] The main body member 42 is a hat-shaped, elongated member formed by bending a steel plate, and includes a fixing portion 44 and a pressing portion 46. Of these, the fixing portion 44 is a portion that is fixed to the square timber 16A with a screw or the like. The square timber 16A is a steel material that is arranged parallel to the joist 18 and fixed to the joist support 16.

[0052] The fixed portion 44 includes a horizontal portion 44A fixed to the square beam 16A and extension portions 44B extending downward from both ends (both ends in the Y direction) of the horizontal portion 44A. The fixed portion 44 is arranged in the slit VA while being fixed to the square beam 16A.

[0053] The pressing portion 46 includes a horizontal portion 46A that extends horizontally outward from the lower end of the extending portion 44B, and a pressing portion 46B that extends obliquely upward from the outer end of the horizontal portion 46A and presses the panel material 26. The "outward" refers to the side of the panel material 26 as viewed from the slit VA.

[0054] The horizontal portion 46A is disposed from the slit VA to the face material 26. An elastic member 48 is disposed between the face material 26 and the portion of the horizontal portion 46A that covers the face material 26. The elastic member 48 is formed using an elastic material such as sponge or rubber, and is held in a compressed state.

[0055] The pressing portion 46B is pressed against the face material 26, and is thereby elastically deformed and held in place from the state shown by the dashed line in Fig. 3 to the state shown by the solid line, thereby pressing the face material 26 along the slit VA.

[0056] The facing material 26 and the covering member 40 are not fixed to each other. That is, the facing material 26 can be displaced horizontally relative to the covering member 40, which is fixed to the joist support 16, due to drying shrinkage and the like.

[0057] <Action and effect> Before describing the action and effect of the finishing structure of the present invention, a comparative example will be described.

[0058] 4, the surface member 200 according to the comparative example includes a surface material 260 that expands and contracts due to changes in humidity. The surface material 260 has openings 200A, 200B, and 200C formed therein that surround pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C that serve as structural members.

[0059] When face material 260 shrinks due to a change in humidity, openings 200A, 200B, and 200C surrounding columns 30A, 30B, and 30C are displaced along with face material 260. As shown by the arrow in Figure 4, in the direction of displacement of face material 260, opening edge portion 260E on the rear side of opening 200A may come into contact with columns 30A and 30C, potentially causing damage to face material 260.

[0060] In contrast, the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a facing material 26 (base material 22 and finishing material 24) that expands and contracts due to changes in humidity, as shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 2(A), openings 20A, 20B, and 20C are formed in the facing material 26, surrounding pillars 30A, 30B, and 30C as structural members.

[0061] In the face member 20, a slit VA is formed in the face material 26, dividing the face material 26 into two parts (face materials 26A and 26B) that sandwich the opening 20A therebetween. Similarly, a slit VC is formed in the face material 26, dividing the face material 26 into two parts (face materials 26B and 26C) that sandwich the opening 20C therebetween.

[0062] Therefore, when the face material expands or contracts due to a change in humidity, the face material 26 is prevented from pulling against each other at the portions on both sides of the opening.

[0063] 2(B), even if the face material 26 and the opening 20A are displaced, the face material 26A on the rear side in the displacement direction relative to the opening 20A is prevented from being pulled by the face material 26B on the front side in the displacement direction, thereby preventing cracking of the face material 26A at the opening edge of the opening 20A.

[0064] Similarly, the panel material 26C on the rear side of the opening 20C in the displacement direction is prevented from being pulled by the panel material 26B on the front side of the opening 20C in the displacement direction, thereby preventing cracking of the panel material 26C at the opening edge of the opening 20C.

[0065] In addition, in the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, an opening 20B not communicating with the slits is formed at a position sandwiched between two openings 20A and 20C communicating with the slits VA and VB. That is, a slit is provided every two spans of the columns 30A, 30B, 30C, etc., which are arranged as a plurality of structural members.

[0066] Therefore, for example, if face material 26 shrinks due to a change in humidity, face material 26B shrinks toward opening 20B that is not connected to the slits, but slits VA and VC on both sides expand, thereby preventing face materials 26A and 26C on the outside of two slits VA and VC from being pulled by face material 26B on the inside of two slits VA and VC.

[0067] This suppresses stress generation in the face material 26 and prevents cracking of the face material at the opening edge of the opening 20B that is not connected to a slit, in addition to the two openings 20A and 20C that are connected to the slits VA and VC. In other words, cracking of the face material 26 can be suppressed even without forming slits in all of the openings 20A, 20B, and 20C. This makes it easier to process the face material 26 compared to forming slits in all of the openings 20A, 20B, and 20C.

[0068] Furthermore, the face material 26 is fixed to the joist 18. For this reason, the face material 26 is relatively difficult to expand and contract in the direction in which the joist 18 extends, but is relatively easy to expand and contract in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the joist 18 extends. As shown in Figure 3, the slits VA and VB are provided along the joist 18, so that the face material 26 is divided along the direction in which the face material 26 is most likely to expand and contract. This makes it possible to efficiently suppress cracking of the face material 26.

[0069] 3, the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a covering member 40 that covers the slits VA and VC. The pressing portion 46B of the covering member 40 presses the face material 26 along the slits VA and VB in an elastically deformed state. Furthermore, an elastic member 48 is disposed between the covering member 40 and the face material 26 in a compressed state.

[0070] Therefore, the movement of dust, insects, etc. between the main body side (the support member 10 side relative to the surface member 20 in Figure 1) and the outside of the main body (below the surface member 20 in Figure 1) can be prevented through the slits VA and VC.

[0071] Furthermore, in the finishing structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, the facing material 26 (base material 22 and finishing material 24) forms the ceiling surface. Ceiling surfaces tend to have a larger surface area than wall surfaces. Therefore, the surface area of ​​each of the base material 22 and finishing material 24 tends to be larger, and the amount of expansion and contraction due to water absorption and drying tends to be large. In this finishing structure, cracking of the facing material 26 can be effectively prevented even in cases where the amount of expansion and contraction is large.

[0072] <Other embodiments> In this embodiment, the face material 26 is formed of two layers, the base material 22 and the finishing material 24, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. The face material 26 may be formed of one layer, or three or more layers. When using a face material that expands and contracts due to humidity changes, there is a possibility that the face material will crack due to a collision between the face material and the column 30A, etc., regardless of the number of face material layers. However, by forming a slit VA, etc., it is possible to suppress cracking of the face material.

[0073] In addition, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the slit VA is formed on an extension line of the portion along the X direction in the gap V1 between the inner edge of the opening 20A and the pillar 30A, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.

[0074] For example, as shown in Fig. 5, the slit VA may be formed in a location "other than" an extension of the portion of the gap V1 along the X direction as long as it communicates with the gap V1 between the inner edge of the opening 20A and the pillar 30A. The same applies to the slit VC.

[0075] In addition, in this embodiment, no slit is provided that communicates with the gap V3 between the inner edge of the opening 20B and the pillar 30B, but a slit that communicates with this gap V3 may be provided. Furthermore, if a slit that communicates with the gap V3 is provided, slits that communicate with the gaps V1 and V2 do not need to be provided.

[0076] In the surface member 20 that constitutes the ceiling, the number and spacing of the slits can be set appropriately depending on the number and positions of the pillars, the width of the gap between the pillars and the inner edge of the opening, and the like.

[0077] Furthermore, in this embodiment, openings 20A and 20C surround pillars 30A and 30C, respectively, as structural members, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, openings formed in face plate 26 can take various forms, such as openings that surround other structural members including walls, or openings that surround facility equipment such as a ceiling cassette air conditioner or a ventilation opening connected to a duct.

[0078] 3, the slits VA and VB are provided along the rafters 18, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. The slits VA and VB may be provided in a direction perpendicular to the rafters 18. In this case, it is effective in suppressing cracks when the face material 26 expands and contracts in the direction along the rafters 18. Furthermore, the slits along the rafters 18 and the slits along the direction perpendicular to the rafters 18 can be used together.

[0079] In addition, in this embodiment, the surface member 20 forms the ceiling surface, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the surface member 20 may be used to form a wall surface. In this case, the support member to which the surface member 20 is fixed is, for example, a square stud material fixed to the wall body, which is the main body. [Explanation of symbols]

[0080] 10 Support member 16. Rafter support (supporting member) 18 Rough joist (supporting member) 20 face member 20A opening 20B opening 20C opening 22 Undercoat 24 Finishing materials 26 Surface material 40 Covering material VA Slit VC slit

Claims

1. a surface material fixed to a support member fixed to the skeleton; An opening formed in the face material and surrounding a structural member or equipment; a slit communicating with the opening and dividing the face material into two parts sandwiching the opening; Finished structure with.

2. The finishing structure according to claim 1, wherein an opening not communicating with the slit is formed at a position sandwiched between the two openings communicating with the slit.

3. The finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a covering member that covers the slit.

4. The finishing structure according to claim 3 , wherein the covering member elastically deforms while fixed to the support member, and presses the facing material along the slit.

5. The support member is a siding, The finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the slit is provided along the rough siding.

6. The finishing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface material forms a ceiling surface.

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