Communication device, base station, terminal, and communication method

Abstract

To provide a technique that allows for enjoying both advantages of FDD and TDD in a non-terrestrial network.SOLUTION: A communication device includes: a communication unit that communicates with a device on the ground through FD (Full Duplex) on a service link or feeder link, in a non-terrestrial network; and a control unit that eliminates self-interference, which is interference from a transmitted signal to a received signal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to communication methods in non-terrestrial networks. [Background technology]

[0002] The standardization project 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) is currently studying and creating specifications for NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), that will meet the requirements for a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission, low latency, simultaneous connection of many terminals, low cost, and low power consumption (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] In recent years, technologies have been investigated that will enable coverage of mountainous areas, remote areas, and ocean areas using non-terrestrial networks (NTN) that use high altitude platform stations (HAPS, or high altitude pseudo satellites). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.331 V16.6.0(2021-09) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In conventional technology, NTN systems use frequency division duplex (FDD) as their duplex method, taking propagation delay into consideration. NR, a terrestrial network system, primarily uses frequency division duplex (TDD) as its duplex method for bidirectional communication on the uplink and downlink.

[0006] FDD has the advantage of low latency, but requires the reservation of uplink and downlink frequency pairs, while TDD has the advantage of efficient use of frequency resources without the need to reserve frequency pairs, but the latency involved in switching between uplink and downlink is large.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and aims to provide a technology that makes it possible to enjoy the advantages of both FDD and TDD in an NTN system. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] According to the disclosed technology, a communication unit that communicates with a terrestrial device in FD (Full Duplex) in a service link or a feeder link in a non-terrestrial network; a control unit that removes self-interference, which is interference caused by a transmission signal to a reception signal; The communication unit receives capability information indicating whether FD operation is possible from the ground device, and transmits, according to the capability information, resource setting information to be used for both uplink communication and downlink communication, or resource setting information including resources for uplink communication and resources for downlink communication as separate resources, to the ground device. A communication device is provided. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] The disclosed technology provides a technology that allows an NTN system to enjoy the advantages of both FDD and TDD. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a first diagram for explaining a non-terrestrial network. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a second diagram for explaining a non-terrestrial network. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a retransmission type. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a regeneration type. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a duplex method in NTN. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a duplex method in a terrestrial network. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining FD (Full Duplex). [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining FD (Full Duplex). [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of interference. [Figure 10] 1 is a configuration diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a bidirectional FD. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a bidirectional FD. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the NTN device side FD. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the NTN device side FD. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a self-interference canceller. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of power suppression. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of power suppression. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example in which an NTN ground station also operates as a terrestrial base station. [Figure 19] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation sequence using capability information. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation sequence using capability information. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 22]FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 23] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 24] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a communication device, a base station, or a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 25] 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0012] The wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may use known technologies as appropriate. The known technologies may be, for example, 5G or Beyond 5G. Note that the technology according to the present disclosure is not limited to 5G and may be applicable to any wireless communication system.

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" a parameter or the like may mean that a predetermined value is pre-configured, or that a parameter is set from one device to another device.

[0014] (For non-terrestrial networks) Figure 1 is the first diagram for explaining a non-terrestrial network (NTN). A non-terrestrial network uses non-terrestrial devices such as satellites to provide services to areas that cannot be covered by terrestrial networks, mainly due to cost considerations. NTNs can also provide more reliable services. For example, they are expected to be applied to IoT (Internet of Things), ships, buses, trains, and critical communications. NTNs also have scalability through efficient multicast or broadcast.

[0015] As an example of an NTN, as shown in FIG. 1, a satellite 10A can retransmit signals transmitted from a base station 10C to provide service to areas where no base stations are located, such as mountainous regions.

[0016] The terrestrial network (for example, a terrestrial 5G network) may have the following configuration. The terrestrial network includes one or more base stations 10E and terminals 20. The base station 10E is a communication device that provides one or more cells (service areas) and performs wireless communication with the terminals 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the time domain may be defined by the number of OFDM symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks. The base station 10E transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the terminals 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is transmitted, for example, on NR-PBCH, and is also called broadcast information.

[0017] The base station 10E transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both the base station 10E and the terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals by performing beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10E and the terminal 20 are capable of applying MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to DL or UL. Furthermore, both the base station 10E and the terminal 20 may communicate via an SCell (Secondary Cell) and a PCell (Primary Cell) using CA (Carrier Aggregation). Note that a base station in a terrestrial network may also be called a terrestrial base station.

[0018] The terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module, etc. The terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10E via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10E via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system.

[0019] Figure 2 is the second diagram to explain the non-terrestrial network (NTN). As shown in Figure 2, the NTN makes it possible to provide various services to areas that could not be covered by previous mobile communication networks (terrestrial networks).

[0020] In particular, it may be more economical to achieve area-wide deployment of millimeter waves (100% area coverage) by combining NTN and terrestrial networks rather than by terrestrial networks alone.

[0021] As shown in Figure 2, NTN is realized by a satellite in space or a vehicle in the air. For example, a GEO satellite may be a satellite located at an altitude of 35,786 km and having a geostationary orbit. For example, a LEO satellite may be a satellite located at an altitude of 500-2000 km and orbiting every 88-127 minutes. For example, a HAPS may be a vehicle located at an altitude of 8-50 km and performing circular flight, or a vehicle performing a separate flight.

[0022] The satellite or aircraft is equipped with a repeater (relay station) or base station, which forms a beam to communicate with devices on the ground. The area formed on the ground by the beams of a satellite or aircraft in an NTN may also be called a "service area" or "beam area." Non-terrestrial objects that make up the NTN, such as satellites or aircraft, may also be called non-terrestrial objects. Terrestrial devices do not need to be on the surface of the Earth; for example, devices inside a building or an airplane are also included in terrestrial devices.

[0023] Below, an example of the configuration of an existing NTN will be described with reference to Figures 3 and 4. Both Figures 3 and 4 show, as an example, a case where the non-terrestrial object is a satellite. Also, Figures 3 and 4 show an NTN based on NR (5G). Note that the configurations shown in Figures 3 and 4 are examples, and NTNs to which the technology of the present invention can be applied are not limited to the configurations shown in Figures 3 and 4.

[0024] The NTN according to this embodiment can also have the same configuration as that shown in Figures 3 and 4. However, as will be described later, the NTN according to this embodiment uses FD (Full Duplex) as the duplex method between the aircraft and the ground. The use of FD in an NTN is a technology that has not been used before.

[0025] <Example of retransmission (transparent) type> 3 shows an example of a transparent NTN in which a non-ground object 10A has a repeater. In the example of FIG. 3, the NTN has a base station 10C installed on the ground, an NTN gateway (GW) 10B installed on the ground, and the non-ground object 10A.

[0026] In the example of Figure 3, data transmitted from a core network (CN) 10D to a terminal 20 is first transmitted from the core network 10 to a base station 10C. The base station 10C then transmits the received data to a non-terrestrial object 10A as a downlink wireless signal via an NTN gateway 10B. The non-terrestrial object 10A then relays (transfers) the received downlink wireless signal to the terminal 20 using a repeater.

[0027] Furthermore, data transmitted from the terminal 20 to the core network 10D is first transmitted from the terminal 20 to the non-ground object 10A as an uplink wireless signal. The non-ground object 10A then relays (transfers) the received uplink wireless signal to the NTN gateway 10B using a repeater. The NTN gateway 10B then transmits the received uplink wireless signal to the base station 10C wirelessly or via a wired connection. The base station 10C then transmits the data received from the NTN gateway 10B to the core network 10D.

[0028] <Example of regenerative type> Figure 4 shows an example of a regenerative NTN in which a non-ground object 10A has a base station 10C. In the example of Figure 4, the NTN has a ground-based NTN gateway 10B and a non-ground object 10A with a base station 10C.

[0029] 4, data transmitted from the core network 10D to the terminal 20 is first transmitted as radio waves (wireless signals) from the core network 10D to the base station 10C of the non-terrestrial object 10A by the NTN gateway 10B. Then, the base station 10C of the non-terrestrial object 10A generates a downlink wireless signal based on the received data and transmits the generated wireless signal to the terminal 20.

[0030] Furthermore, data transmitted from the terminal 20 to the core network 10D is first transmitted as an uplink radio signal from the terminal 20 to the non-ground object 10A. Then, the base station 10C of the non-ground object 10A transmits the received data to the core network 10D via the NTN gateway 10B.

[0031] In the following description, the "non-ground object 10A," "repeater mounted on the non-ground object 10A," and "base station 10C mounted on the non-ground object 10A" will be collectively referred to as the "NTN device 10N." In other words, the NTN device 10N may be a non-ground object 10A equipped with a repeater or a base station, a repeater mounted on the non-ground object 10A, or a base station 10C mounted on the non-ground object 10A. The "NTN device 10N" may also be referred to as a "communication device."

[0032] Furthermore, the "NTN Gateway 10B" and the "NTN Gateway 10B + Base Station 10C" are collectively referred to as the "NTN Ground Station 40." Furthermore, a base station in the terrestrial network is referred to as the "Terrestrial Base Station 10E." Note that the NTN Gateway 10B may be considered an antenna provided in the base station 10C, and the "NTN Ground Station 40" may be referred to as the "Base Station 10C."

[0033] The link between the NTN ground station 40 and the NTN device 10N is called a feeder link, and the link between the terminal 20 and the NTN device 10N is called a service link.

[0034] (About duplexing methods) As mentioned above, in the prior art, the NTN system uses Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) as its duplexing method. This situation is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 shows a satellite and a HAPS as examples of NTN equipment 10N.

[0035] In particular, when the NTN device 10N is a satellite, communication with the ground becomes an ultra-long distance communication, and FDD is adopted to take propagation delay into consideration. Also, when the NTN device 10N is a HAPS, the altitude is lower than that of a satellite, so the use of TDD is also considered. However, even with a HAPS at an altitude of 20 km, a guard time of approximately 67 μs or more is required when using TDD, so FDD is used to suppress transmission delays.

[0036] On the other hand, in terrestrial networks (assuming NR here), TDD (Frequency Division Duplex) is mainly used as a duplexing method for bidirectional communication on the uplink and downlink. Figure 6 shows an example of TDD communication between a terminal 20 and a base station 10E. As shown in Figure 6, the uplink (U) and downlink (D) are separated by time. The reasons why TDD is adopted for bidirectional communication in terrestrial networks include: (1) TDD does not require the reservation of frequency pairs, allowing for effective use of frequency resources; (2) in FDD, if the UL and DL frequencies are too far apart, it is necessary to prepare completely different antennas for transmission and reception; and (3) the use of Dynamic TDD is expected.

[0037] FDD has the advantage of low latency, but requires a large amount of frequency resources because it needs to reserve a pair of uplink and downlink frequencies. TDD has the advantage of efficient use of frequency resources, but the latency required to switch between uplink and downlink is large.

[0038] As mentioned above, the existing NTN system uses FDD from the viewpoint of transmission delay. However, because frequency resources in the NTN system are limited, it is desirable to also enjoy the frequency resource benefits of TDD.

[0039] (About FD (Full Duplex)) In order to solve the above problems, in this embodiment, FD is used as a duplex method for communication between the NTN device 10N and ground-based devices. FD may also be called a full-duplex method or a full-duplex method. For convenience, hereinafter, communication from the NTN device 10N to ground-based devices will be called downlink (DL), and communication from ground-based devices to the NTN device 10N will be called uplink (UL). Here, we will first explain the features of FD.

[0040] The NTN device 10N employing FD can simultaneously transmit and receive signals using the same time-frequency resources. That is, the NTN device 10 can communicate using the same time-frequency resources in both DL and UL.

[0041] 7(a) and (c) show the case where FD communication is performed between the NTN device 10N and a terminal 20, which is an example of a ground device. As shown in FIG. 7(a) and (c), the terminal 20 transmits control information / data on the UL and receives the control information / data on the DL using the same time-frequency resources as the UL. Similarly, the NTN device 10N receives control information / data on the UL and transmits control information / data on the DL using the same time-frequency resources as the UL.

[0042] For comparison, Fig. 7(b) shows half-duplex communication (which may also be called TDD (Time division duplex)). As shown in Fig. 7(b), at a certain time (a certain slot), only DL communication or only UL communication is performed.

[0043] The FD communication described above can achieve higher spectral efficiency (theoretically up to 2x) and reduce overhead (e.g., guard time / band). Furthermore, it can achieve lower latency and improved coverage compared to TDD, and can utilize frequency resources more effectively because it does not require frequency pairs compared to FDD. Figure 8 shows the improved transmission rate of FD compared to half-duplex communication (TDD). FD is particularly effective in improving the UL in the TDD band.

[0044] Figure 7(a) shows that self-interference (SI) occurs in each of the NTN device 10N and the terminal 20, whereby the transmitted signal interferes with the received signal (desired signal). However, as will be described later, it is possible to cancel the self-interference using existing technology.

[0045] (General issues with using FD) In general, it is known that the spectral efficiency improvement achieved by FD is reduced in asymmetric traffic distribution with high inter-cell interference (Reference 1: NH Mahmood, et al., "Full duplex communications in 5G small cells," Proc. IWCMC2017, June 2017).

[0046] It has also been shown that self-interference and cross-link interference (CLI) also degrade performance in FD. Figure 9 shows an example of self-interference and cross-link interference in a terrestrial network.

[0047] As mentioned above, self-interference occurs when FD is used in NTN. Also, cross-link interference may occur between the terrestrial network and NTN, for example.

[0048] (Regarding NTN FD compatibility) The NTN device 10N (communication device) that realizes NTN is equipped with a large, high-gain antenna compared to terrestrial base stations, etc. Therefore, the NTN device 10N can form a highly directional beam, and CLI can be suppressed by controlling that directivity. For example, if the same frequency as that in the terrestrial network is used in FD in the NTN, the NTN device 10N can suppress CLI by directing the directivity (beam) to an area that does not overlap with cells in the terrestrial network.

[0049] Furthermore, by using FD in NTN, it is possible to enjoy the benefits of both FDD and TDD, i.e., no guard time and no paired spectrum is required. This allows for effective use of frequency resources, so for example, by using a frequency for NTN FD that is different from the frequency for the terrestrial network, it becomes easier for NTN and terrestrial networks to coexist. In these respects, FD is compatible with NTN. In this specification, "frequency" may also be referred to as "frequency band."

[0050] (System configuration example) FIG. 10 shows an example of a system configuration including an NTN and a terrestrial network in this embodiment. In the example of FIG. 10, the NTN device 10N may support multi-beams. By supporting multi-beams, it is possible to form areas on the ground with each of multiple beams. For example, the NTN device 10N can use multi-beams to apply different beams to the feeder link and the service link and support them at the same frequency.

[0051] Hereinafter, an area formed on the ground by a beam applied to a service link will be referred to as an "NTN service area." Also, an area formed on the ground by the terrestrial base station 10E will be referred to as a "terrestrial service area." The "NTN service area" may be referred to as an "NTN cell," and the "terrestrial service area" may be referred to as a "terrestrial cell."

[0052] 10, the beams in the service link form an NTN service area 50. Also, a terrestrial service area 60 is formed by a terrestrial base station 10E.

[0053] Furthermore, there is a terminal 20E that communicates with a terrestrial base station 10E in a terrestrial service area 60. Furthermore, there are a plurality of terminals 20 and CPE stations 30 in an NTN service area 50. Some of the terminals 20 are under the control of the CPE station 30. Note that the "CPE station 30" may be considered as a type of base station and may be called a base station. Furthermore, the "CPE station 30" may be considered as a type of terminal and may be called a terminal.

[0054] In this embodiment, the NTN ground station 40, the NTN device 10N, the CPE station 30, and the terminal 20 all have a full duplex (FD) function and a self-interference canceller function. As shown in Fig. 10, these functions allow FD communication to be performed between the NTN device 10N and the NTN ground station 40 in the feeder link, and FD communication to be performed between the NTN device 10N and the terminal 20 or the CPE station 30 in the service link.

[0055] It is also possible that only one of the feeder link (FL) and the service link (SL) uses FD, and the other uses, for example, FDD (or TDD). Figure 10 shows an example in which FD is used in both the feeder link (FL) and the service link (SL).

[0056] As described above, the NTN device 10N may be a base station-mounted type (regenerative type) or a base station-unmounted type (transparent type).

[0057] The type of FD used in the NTN system in this embodiment may be a bidirectional FD, an NTN device-side FD, or both. Details of this will be described later.

[0058] Furthermore, the NTN ground station 40 may be used exclusively for the NTN system, or may be used as a ground base station in addition to being used for the NTN system.

[0059] FIG. 10 shows that a base station 10C constituting an NTN ground station 40 is used by the NTN as well as a ground base station, and communicates with a terminal 20 by TDD.

[0060] As described above, by adopting FD in the NTN system, it is no longer necessary to reserve a UL and DL frequency pair in the NTN system, which saves frequency resources compared to FDD. Therefore, it is also possible to eliminate the need for coexistence with the terrestrial network system using the same frequency. In other words, in the example of Figure 10, the frequency used for communication between the terrestrial base station 10E and the terminal 20E can be different from the frequency used for communication between the NTN device 10N and the terrestrial device.

[0061] (About types of FD) As mentioned above, the type of FD used in the NTN system in this embodiment may be a bidirectional FD, an NTN device-side FD, or both.

[0062] An example of communication in bidirectional FD is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11 shows an example of communication between an NTN device 10N and a terminal 20. The terminal 20 is an example of a ground device, and a CPE station 30 or an NTN ground station 40 may be used instead of the terminal 20.

[0063] In the configuration of Figure 11, terminal 20 transmits control information / data on the UL and receives control information / data on the DL using the same time-frequency resources as the UL. Similarly, NTN device 10 receives control information / data on the UL and transmits control information / data on the DL using the same time-frequency resources as the UL.

[0064] 12 is a diagram showing DL / UL resources in a bidirectional FD. The resources shown in FIG.

[0065] Figure 13 shows an example of communication on the NTN device side FD. Figure 13 shows an example of communication between the NTN device 10N and terminals 20-1 and 20-2. The terminals 20-1 and 20-2 are examples of ground devices, and a CPE station 30 or an NTN ground station 40 may be used instead of either terminal. Also, both of the two links shown in Figure 13 may be feeder links, both may be service links, or one may be a feeder link and the other a service link.

[0066] In the configuration of Figure 13, terminal 20-1 performs UL communication and DL communication using separate resources. The separate resources may be resources with different frequencies or may be resources with different times. Similarly, terminal 20-2 performs UL communication and DL communication using separate resources. On the other hand, the NTN device 10N can, for example, perform UL reception from terminal 20-1 and DL transmission to terminal 20-2 using the same time and frequency resources.

[0067] Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of DL / UL resources in the FD on the NTN device side. Fig. 14 shows the resources of the NTN device 10N and two terminals (UE1, UE2) at a certain time.

[0068] (Methods for suppressing self-interference) As mentioned above, each device equipped with FD functionality also has a self-interference cancellation function. Since the self-interference cancellation function itself is an existing technology, only an overview will be given here. Basically, each device can perform self-interference cancellation by removing its own known transmission signal from a received signal that contains the device's own transmission signal.

[0069] For example, self-interference cancellation functions can be classified by the domain in which self-interference cancellation is performed, and existing technologies include a self-interference canceller that performs self-interference cancellation in the propagation domain, a self-interference canceller that performs self-interference cancellation in the analog domain, and a self-interference canceller that performs self-interference cancellation in the digital domain, and any of these may be used. Also, a combination of two or three of these three may be used.

[0070] 15 shows, as an example of a self-interference canceller, the configuration of the self-interference canceller disclosed in Reference 2 (A. Sabharwal, P. Schniter, D. Guo, et al., "In-Band Full-Duplex Wireless: Challenges and Opportunities," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 32, no. 9, September 2014). For example, the self-interference canceller disclosed in Reference 2 may be provided in each device having an FD function.

[0071] (Methods for reducing power consumption) In this embodiment, the NTN ground station 40, NTN device 10N, CPE station 30, and terminal 20 all have FD functions. In FD, simultaneous transmission and reception of UL and DL is possible, which increases power consumption. Therefore, each device with FD functions may be equipped with a power suppression function. Note that the power suppression function in FD itself is an existing technology.

[0072] For example, each device may be provided with a partial FD function. For example, assume that terminal 20 is provided with the partial FD function. In this case, as shown in FIG. 16, terminal 20 performs FD partially. For example, FD is performed only for a part of a certain unit time length T. The time at which FD is to be performed may be set in terminal 20 by base station 10C.

[0073] In addition, asymmetric resource allocation via FD, as disclosed in Reference 3 (M. Sawahashi, et al., "Physical channel multiplexing using symbol repetition in every subframe for full duplex," IEEE PIMRC 2018, Dec. 2018), may be applied. Figure 17 shows an example of asymmetric resource allocation. In this example, more resources are allocated to the DL, which is a busy link, than to the UL. This allows for power reduction.

[0074] (An example of an NTN ground station operating as a terrestrial base station) An example of operation when the NTN ground station 40 operates in the NTN and also as a base station of the terrestrial network will be described with reference to the sequence diagram of Figure 18. The NTN ground station 40 here includes an NTN gateway 10B and a base station 10C. The NTN ground station 40 may include only the base station 10C. Furthermore, when the NTN ground station 40 includes the NTN gateway 10B and the base station 10C, the NTN gateway 10B may be a communication unit (e.g., an antenna) provided in the base station 10C. The NTN ground station 40 may also be called a "base station."

[0075] 18, the terminal 20 is present in the cell of the NTN ground station 40 (operating as a gNB) in the NR system, for example. On the other hand, the NTN ground station 40 also performs communication with the NTN device 10N in the NTN system.

[0076] 18, communication is performed between the NTN ground station 40 and the NTN device 10N using FD. In S102, communication is performed between the NTN ground station 40 and the terminal 20 using TDD. Note that the order of S101 and S102 may be reversed, or S101 and S102 may be performed simultaneously. Furthermore, communication in S102 may be FDD.

[0077] The NTN ground station 40 (base station) may be equipped with separate antennas for operating as a terrestrial base station and for performing NTN communications, or may use a single antenna for both communications as a terrestrial base station and NTN communications.

[0078] Also, different frequencies are used for FD communication and TDD communication in this embodiment shown in Fig. 18. This allows both systems to coexist without interference. Note that the same frequency may be used for FD communication and TDD communication in this embodiment shown in Fig. 18. In this case, interference can be removed using existing interference removal technology.

[0079] (Example of determining FD type based on capability information) As described above, communication between the NTN device 10N and the ground device may be two-way FD or NTN device-side FD. Also, for example, depending on the capability of the terminal 20 that communicates with the NTN device 10N, it may be determined whether communication with the terminal 20 is to be performed by two-way FD or NTN device-side FD.

[0080] An example of operation will be explained using the sequences of Figures 19 and 20. Figure 19 shows the sequence when the NTN device 10N includes a base station 10C. In S201, the terminal 20 transmits capability information to the NTN device 10N indicating whether FD operation is possible (i.e., whether transmission and reception can be performed simultaneously using the same time-frequency resources).

[0081] In S202, the NTN device 10N determines whether or not to allow the terminal 20 to perform FD operation based on the capability information of the terminal 20. Basically, if the terminal 20 has FD operation capability, it determines to allow the terminal 20 to perform FD operation, and if the terminal 20 does not have FD operation capability, it determines not to allow the terminal 20 to perform FD operation.

[0082] When it is decided to make the terminal 20 perform FD operation, in S203, the NTN device 10N sets the resources (which may be frequency resources or time-frequency resources) to be used by the terminal 20 using setting information. These resources are used by the terminal 20 for both transmission and reception. The terminal 20 performs communication using the set resources.

[0083] If it is determined that the terminal 20 is not to perform FD operation, in S203, the NTN device 10N sets the resources (which may be frequency resources or time-frequency resources) to be used by the terminal 20 using configuration information. These resources include UL resources and DL resources. The UL resources and DL resources are separate resources that do not overlap.

[0084] 20 shows a sequence when the base station 10C is included in the NTN ground station 40. In S301, the terminal 20 transmits capability information indicating whether FD operation is possible (i.e., whether transmission and reception can be performed simultaneously using the same time-frequency resources) to the NTN ground station 40 via the NTN device 10N.

[0085] In S302, the NTN ground station 40 (base station 10C) determines whether to allow the terminal 20 to perform FD operation based on the capability information of the terminal 20. Basically, if the terminal 20 has FD operation capability, it determines to allow the terminal 20 to perform FD operation, and if the terminal 20 does not have FD operation capability, it determines not to allow the terminal 20 to perform FD operation.

[0086] When it is decided to make the terminal 20 perform FD operation, in S303, the NTN ground station 40 (base station 10C) sets the resources (which may be frequency resources or time-frequency resources) to be used by the terminal 20 and the NTN device 10N to the NTN device 10N using setting information. These resources are used by the terminal 20 and the NTN device 10N for both transmission and reception. In S304, the NTN device 10N sets the resources to the terminal 20.

[0087] When it is determined not to cause the terminal 20 to perform FD operation, in S303, the NTN device 10N sets resources (which may be frequency resources or time-frequency resources) used by the terminal 20 and the NTN device 10N for the NTN device 10N. This resource has UL resources and DL resources used between the terminal 20 and the NTN device 10N. The UL resources and the DL resources are separate resources that do not overlap. In S304, the NTN device 10N sets this resource for the terminal 20.

[0088] (Device Configuration) Next, a functional configuration example of the NTN device 10N, the terrestrial base station 10C, and the terminal 20 that execute the processes and operations described so far will be described. The NTN device 10N, the terrestrial base station 10C, and the terminal 20 include functions for executing all the above-described operations. However, the NTN device 10N, the terrestrial base station 10C, and the terminal 20 may each be provided with only the functions for performing any one of the above-described all operations.

[0089] <NTN device 10N> FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the NTN device 10N. Note that the NTN device 10N shown in FIG. 21 is assumed to be a repeater mounted on a non-terrestrial object, a base station mounted on a non-terrestrial object, or a functional unit related to communication in a non-terrestrial object. As shown in FIG. 21, the NTN device 10N has a transmission unit 110, a reception unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in FIG. 21 is merely an example. As long as the operations according to the embodiments of the present invention can be executed, the functional division and the names of the functional units may be any. The "transmission unit 110 + reception unit 120" may be called a communication unit. The communication unit can perform FD communication with a terrestrial device.

[0090] The transmitter 110 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 120 receives various signals wirelessly and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. Both the transmitter 110 and receiver 120 can control the direction / size of the beam according to commands from the controller 140.

[0091] The setting unit 130 stores various setting information received from other devices by the receiving unit 120 in a storage device and reads it out from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 130 also stores setting information that is set in advance. The control unit 140 controls the entire NTN device 10N. The control unit 140 also performs control for self-interference cancellation, beam control, power suppression operation, etc. The transmitting unit 110 and receiving unit 120 may also be called a transmitter and a receiver, respectively. The control unit 140 may also be called a processor or a controller.

[0092] <Terminal 20> FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the terminal 20. As shown in FIG. 22, the terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in FIG. 22 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any as long as they can perform the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention. The transmitting unit 210 and the receiving unit 220 may be collectively referred to as a communication unit. The communication unit is capable of communicating with the NTN device 10N via FD.

[0093] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 wirelessly receives various signals and acquires a higher layer signal from the received physical layer signal. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving, for example, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, DCI via PDCCH, data via PDSCH, and the like transmitted from the base station 10C. For example, the transmitter 210 may transmit a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), a PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), a PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), and the like to another terminal 20 as D2D communication, and the receiver 120 may receive the PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, PSBCH, and the like from the other terminal 20.

[0094] The setting unit 230 stores various pieces of setting information received from the base station 10 or other terminals by the receiving unit 220 in a storage device provided in the setting unit 230, and reads the information from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance.

[0095] The control unit 240 controls the terminal 20. The control unit 240 also performs self-interference cancellation, beam control, control for power suppression operation, etc. A functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and a functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220. The transmitting unit 210 may also be called a transmitter, and the receiving unit 220 may also be called a receiver.

[0096] <Base station 10C> FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a terrestrial base station 10C. As shown in FIG. 23, the base station 10C has a transmitter 310, a receiver 320, a setting unit 330, and a controller 340. The functional configuration shown in FIG. 23 is merely an example. As long as the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. The "transmitter 310 + receiver 320" may be called a communication unit. The communication unit can communicate with the NTN device 10N via FD and can also communicate with terminals 20 in the terrestrial network under the base station 10C via TDD or FDD.

[0097] The transmitter 310 has a function of generating a signal to be transmitted and transmitting the signal wirelessly. The receiver 320 has a function of receiving various signals transmitted from other devices and acquiring, for example, information of higher layers from the received signals. The transmitter 310 also has a function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, DL data, etc. to the terminal 20.

[0098] Both the transmitter 310 and the receiver 320 can adjust (control) the size of their service areas in response to commands from the controller 340. In addition, both the transmitter 310 and the receiver 320 include a function for communicating with a core network.

[0099] The setting unit 330 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20 or the NTN device 10N in a storage device, and reads it from the storage device as needed. The control unit 340 controls the entire base station 10C. The control unit 340 also performs self-interference cancellation, beam control, power suppression operation control, and the like. The control unit 340 also adjusts the size of the service area. The transmitting unit 310 and receiving unit 320 may also be called a transmitter and a receiver, respectively. The control unit 340 may also be called a processor or a controller.

[0100] <Additional Notes> This application discloses at least the communication device, terminal, base station, and communication method shown in the following sections. (Additional note 1) a communication unit that communicates with a ground device in FD (Full Duplex) in a service link or a feeder link in a non-terrestrial network; a control unit that removes self-interference, which is interference between a transmitted signal and a received signal; A communication device comprising: (Additional note 2) The communication unit transmits to the terminal configuration information of resources used for both uplink communication and downlink communication, or resource configuration information including resources for uplink communication and resources for downlink communication as separate resources. Item 1. A communication device according to item 1. (Additional note 3) a communication unit that communicates with a communication device in a non-terrestrial network using FD (Full Duplex) and communicates with a terminal using TDD (Time Division Duplex); a control unit that removes self-interference, which is interference between a transmitted signal and a received signal; A base station comprising: (Additional note 4) a communication unit that communicates with a communication device in the sky in FD (Full Duplex) in a service link in a non-terrestrial network; a control unit that removes self-interference, which is interference between a transmitted signal and a received signal; A terminal comprising: (Additional note 5) communicating with a ground device in full duplex (FD) in a service link or a feeder link in a non-terrestrial network; removing self-interference, which is interference of a transmitted signal with a received signal; A communication method performed by a communication device, comprising:

[0101] Any of the above configurations provides technology that allows the NTN system to enjoy the advantages of both FDD and TDD. According to Section 2, even a terminal without FD functionality can communicate with an airborne communication device that has FD functionality.

[0102] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 21 to 23) used in the description of the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more devices that are physically or logically separated and connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.). The functional block may be realized by combining software with the one device or the multiple devices.

[0103] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocation, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0104] For example, the NTN device 10N, terminal 20, base station 10C, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 24 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the NTN device 10N, terminal 20, and base station 10C in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The NTN device 10N, terminal 20, and base station 10C described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0105] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be read as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the NTN device 10N, the terminal 20, and the base station 10C may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0106] Each function in the NTN device 10N, terminal 20, and base station 10C is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0107] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0108] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, each control unit shown in FIGS. 21 to 23 may be realized by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0109] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0110] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other suitable medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0111] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of full duplex (FD), frequency division duplex (FDD), and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0112] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0113] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0114] Furthermore, the NTN device 10N, the terminal 20, and the base station 10C may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0115] 25 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in FIG. 25, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example. For example, the function of the NTN device 10N, the function of the terminal 20, or the function of the base station 10C may be provided in the communication module 2013.

[0116] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0117] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0118] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0119] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0120] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), an INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0121] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0122] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station 10C, a terminal 20, or an NTN device 10N.

[0123] The communication module 2013 transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, a current signal from the current sensor that is input to the electronic control unit 2010. The communication module 2013 also transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, the rotation speed signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by a rotation speed sensor 2022, the air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by an air pressure sensor 2023, the vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, the acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 2025, the accelerator pedal depression amount signal acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, the brake pedal depression amount signal acquired by a brake pedal sensor 2026, the shift lever operation signal acquired by a shift lever sensor 2027, and the detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 2028, which are input to the electronic control unit 2010.

[0124] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0125] (Supplementary explanation of the embodiment) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may apply to items described in another item (unless inconsistent). The boundaries between functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of the processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing explanation, the NTN device 10N, terminal 20, and base station 10C have been described using functional block diagrams. However, such devices may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server or any other suitable storage medium.

[0126] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0127] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be any of the following: LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other appropriate systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0128] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0129] In this specification, a specific operation that is described as being performed by the NTN device 10N, the terminal 20, or the base station 10C may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes including the base station 10C, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10C and another network node other than the base station 10C (for example, an MME or an S-GW, etc., but are not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10C, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0130] The information or signals described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0131] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0132] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0133] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0134] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0135] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0136] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0137] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0138] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0139] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0140] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0141] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0142] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0143] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0144] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile body, or the mobile body itself. The mobile body may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0145] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between a plurality of terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0146] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0147] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0148] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0149] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0150] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0151] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0152] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0153] When used in this disclosure, the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when used in this disclosure, the term "or" is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0154] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0155] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0156] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0157] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0158] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0159] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0160] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate wireless resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20) to each terminal 20 in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0161] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0162] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0163] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0164] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0165] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0166] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0167] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0168] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0169] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0170] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be set for the terminal 20 within one carrier.

[0171] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the terminal 20 may not expect to transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," and the like in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0172] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0173] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0174] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0175] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0176] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0177] 10A Non-terrestrial object 10B Gateway 10C base station 10D CN 10E Ground Base Station 10N NTN device 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting section 140 Control Unit 210 Transmitter 220 Receiving unit 230 Setting Section 240 Control Unit 310 Transmitter 320 Receiving Unit 330 Settings 340 Control Unit 30 CPE stations 40 NTN ground station 50 NTN Service Area 60 Ground Service Area 1001 processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication equipment 1005 Input Device 1006 Output Device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering Section 2004 accelerator pedal 2005 brake pedal 2006 Shift Lever 2007 front wheel 2008 rear wheel 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic Control Unit 2012 Information Services Department 2013 Communication Module 2021 Current Sensor 2022 RPM Sensor 2023 Air Pressure Sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration Sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object Detection Sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving Assistance Systems Department 2031 microprocessor 2032 memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. a communication unit that communicates with a ground device in full duplex (FD) in a service link or a feeder link in a non-terrestrial network; a control unit that removes self-interference, which is interference caused by a transmission signal to a reception signal; The communication unit receives capability information indicating whether FD operation is possible from the ground device, and transmits, to the ground device, resource setting information to be used for both uplink communication and downlink communication, or resource setting information including resources for uplink communication and resources for downlink communication as separate resources, according to the capability information. Communication equipment.

2. a communication unit that communicates with a communication device in a non-terrestrial network in FD (Full Duplex) and with a terminal in TDD (Time Division Duplex); a control unit that removes self-interference, which is interference caused by a transmission signal to a reception signal; The communication unit receives capability information indicating whether FD operation is possible from the terminal, and transmits, to the communication device, resource setting information to be used for both uplink communication and downlink communication, or resource setting information including resources for uplink communication and resources for downlink communication as separate resources, according to the capability information. Base station.

3. a communication unit that communicates with a communication device in the sky in full duplex (FD) in a service link in a non-terrestrial network; a control unit that removes self-interference, which is interference caused by a transmission signal to a reception signal; The communication unit transmits capability information indicating whether FD operation is possible to the communication device, and receives, in accordance with the capability information, configuration information for resources used for both uplink communication and downlink communication, or configuration information for resources including resources for uplink communication and resources for downlink communication as separate resources, from the communication device. Terminal.

4. a communication step of communicating with a ground device in full duplex (FD) in a service link or a feeder link in a non-terrestrial network; a step of removing self-interference, which is interference caused by a transmission signal to a reception signal, In the communication step, the communication device receives capability information indicating whether FD operation is possible from the ground device, and transmits, to the ground device, resource setting information to be used for both uplink communication and downlink communication, or resource setting information including resources for uplink communication and resources for downlink communication as separate resources, according to the capability information. Communication method.

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