Antenna device and radio device

Abstract

To provide an antenna device and a radio apparatus capable of improving characteristics.SOLUTION: An antenna device 110 includes a waveguide 10. The waveguide 10 includes a feeding point 10c and a first region 10r around the feeding point 10c. The waveguide 10 can guide a high frequency signal supplied to the feeding point 10r. The waveguide 10 includes a plurality of radiant sections 20 provided in the first region 10r. The first region 10r includes a first subregion 11 and a second subregion 12. The feeding point 10c is located between the first subregion 11 and the second subregion 12. A first waveguide length in the waveguide 10 in the first subregion 11 is shorter than a second waveguide length in the waveguide 10 in the second subregion 12.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD An embodiment of the present invention relates to an antenna device and a wireless device. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, improved characteristics are desired in antenna devices and wireless devices. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 5-129831 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna device and a radio device that can improve characteristics. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an antenna device includes a waveguide. The waveguide includes a feed point and a first region around the feed point. The waveguide is capable of guiding a high-frequency signal supplied to the feed point. The waveguide includes a plurality of radiating portions provided in the first region. The first region includes a first partial region and a second partial region. The feed point is located between the first partial region and the second partial region. A first guided wavelength in the waveguide in the first partial region is shorter than a second guided wavelength in the waveguide in the second partial region. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0006] [Figure 1] 1(a) and 1(b) are schematic views illustrating an antenna device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2]2(a) and 2(b) are schematic views illustrating the antenna device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 3] 3(a) to 3(c) are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating the antenna device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] 4(a) to 4(c) are schematic diagrams illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5] 5(a) to 5(c) are schematic diagrams illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6] 6(a) and 6(b) are schematic diagrams illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the characteristics of the antenna device. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the characteristics of the antenna device according to the embodiment. [Figure 10] 10A and 10B are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating the antenna device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the antenna device according to the second embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a schematic view illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 20] 20(a) and 20(b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the characteristics of the antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating a wireless device according to the fourth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic or conceptual, and the relationship between the thickness and width of each part, the size ratio between parts, etc. are not necessarily the same as those in reality. Even when the same part is shown, the dimensions and ratios may be different depending on the drawing. In this specification and in each drawing, elements similar to those previously described with reference to the previous drawings are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted where appropriate.

[0008] (First embodiment) 1(a) and 1(b) are schematic views illustrating an antenna device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the line A1-A2 in FIG. 1(a).

[0009] 1, an antenna device 110 according to the embodiment includes a waveguide 10. The waveguide 10 includes a feed point 10c and a first region 10r. The first region 10r is located around the feed point 10c.

[0010] As shown in FIG. 1(a), the waveguide 10 has a feed point 10c ofThe first region 10r may be substantially circular with the center at the center. The planar shape of the waveguide 10 is arbitrary. The first region 10r is, for example, an annular shape provided around the feed point 10c.

[0011] The direction perpendicular to the first region 10r is defined as the Z-axis direction. One direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction is defined as the X-axis direction. The direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction is defined as the Y-axis direction. The first region 10r extends along the XY plane.

[0012] The waveguide 10 can guide a high-frequency signal supplied to the feed point 10c. The waveguide 10 is, for example, a transmission line through which a high-frequency signal can propagate. The waveguide 10 can be, for example, a radial waveguide. The waveguide 10 can be, for example, a dielectric waveguide. The waveguide 10 can be, for example, a waveguide. The high-frequency signal supplied to the feed point 10c propagates through the waveguide 10. The propagation direction is the radial direction passing through the feed point 10c.

[0013] 1(b), the waveguide 10 may include a first conductive layer 41 and a second conductive layer 42. The direction from the second conductive layer 42 to the first conductive layer 41 is along the Z-axis direction.

[0014] The waveguide 10 may include a plurality of radiating portions 20. The plurality of radiating portions 20 are provided in the first region 10r.

[0015] In one example, one of the multiple radiating portions 20 (e.g., each of the multiple radiating portions 20) may include a slot pair. The slot pair may include, for example, a first slot 21 and a second slot 22. These slots correspond to openings 45 (see FIG. 1(b)) provided in the first conductive layer 41. In this example, the extension direction of the first slot 21 intersects with the extension direction of the second slot 22. The configuration of the multiple radiating portions 20 can be modified in various ways. For example, the shape of the first slot 21 may be different from the shape of the second slot 22. The extension direction of the first slot 21 may not intersect with the extension direction of the second slot 22. The extension direction of the first slot 21 may be substantially parallel to the extension direction of the second slot 22. The multiple radiating portions 20 function as multiple radiating elements. As will be described later, electromagnetic waves corresponding to high-frequency signals propagating through the waveguide 10 are radiated from the multiple radiating portions 20.

[0016] 1(a), the first region 10r includes a first partial region 11 and a second partial region 12. The feed point 10c is located between the first partial region 11 and the second partial region 12. A first guided wavelength λ1 in the waveguide in the first partial region 11 is shorter than a second guided wavelength λ2 in the waveguide in the second partial region 12.

[0017] In this manner, in the embodiment, the guided wavelength (for example, the guide wavelength) varies within the plane of the first region 10r, which allows the radiation directions of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the plurality of radiating portions 20 to be tilted with respect to the Z-axis direction.

[0018] For example, in a first reference example in which the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves is tilted with respect to the Z-axis direction, the spacing (density) of the multiple radiating sections 20 is changed within the plane. In the first reference example, the radial spacing between the multiple radiating elements corresponding to the tilt direction is widened. On the other hand, the radial spacing between the multiple radiating elements in the direction opposite to the tilt direction is narrowed. If the spacing in the tilt direction is widened, unwanted grating lobes will occur. Furthermore, if the spacing in the direction opposite to the tilt direction is narrowed, the range of sizes of the multiple radiating elements will be narrowed. For example, this will reduce the degree of freedom in design.

[0019] In the first reference example, one possible method for preventing the occurrence of grating lobes is to increase the dielectric constant of the dielectric waveguide. This may shorten the element spacing in the tilt direction. However, increasing the dielectric constant increases dielectric loss and reduces efficiency. Furthermore, increasing the dielectric constant further narrows the element spacing in the direction opposite to the tilt direction, further reducing design freedom.

[0020] In contrast, in the embodiment, the first guided wavelength λ1 is shorter than the second guided wavelength λ2. In this way, the guided wavelengths (e.g., in-guide wavelengths) vary within the plane of the first region 10r. This allows the radiation direction of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the plurality of radiating portions 20 to be tilted with respect to the Z-axis direction without changing the spacing between the plurality of radiating portions 20. This, for example, suppresses grating lobes. For example, high efficiency can be maintained. For example, high design freedom can be maintained. The high design freedom allows for improved antenna performance. According to the embodiment, an antenna device capable of improving characteristics can be provided.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 1(b), the waveguide 10 may include a first member 30. The first member 30 is provided between a first conductive layer 41 and a second conductive layer 42. By appropriately controlling the configuration of the first member 30, it is possible to control the guided wavelength (e.g., guide wavelength). Examples of the first member 30 will be described later.

[0022] As shown in FIG. 1( a), the first region 10r may include a third partial region 13 and a fourth partial region 14. The feed point 10c is located between the third partial region 13 and the fourth partial region 14. The direction from the feed point 10c to the third partial region 13 intersects with the direction from the feed point 10c to the first partial region 11. The direction from the feed point 10c to the fourth partial region 14 intersects with the direction from the feed point 10c to the first partial region 11. An angle between the direction from the feed point 10c to the third partial region 13 and the direction from the feed point 10c to the first partial region 11 may be substantially 90 degrees. An angle between the direction from the feed point 10c to the fourth partial region 14 and the direction from the feed point 10c to the first partial region 11 may be substantially 90 degrees.

[0023] For example, the third guided wavelength λ3 in the waveguide in the third sub-region 13 is longer than the first guided wavelength λ1 and shorter than the second guided wavelength λ2. The fourth guided wavelength λ4 in the waveguide in the fourth sub-region 14 is longer than the first guided wavelength λ1 and shorter than the second guided wavelength λ2.

[0024] For example, a high degree of freedom in design can be maintained in the third partial region 13 and the fourth partial region 14. The performance of the antenna can be improved.

[0025] 2(a) and 2(b) are schematic views illustrating the antenna device according to the first embodiment. Figure 2(a) is a plan view, and Figure 2(b) is a perspective view. As shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b), the x-axis and y-axis can be set. The origin O of these axes corresponds to the feed point 10c. As shown in Figure 2(b), the x-axis and y-axis are aligned with the first region 10r. The y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis. The x-axis is a reference axis. The angle between the direction from the feed point 10c to the first partial region 11 and the x-axis is defined as angle φ0. The angle φ0 corresponds to the circumferential angle of the direction from the feed point 10c to the first partial region 11 with respect to the x-axis. The angle between the direction from the feed point 10c to the second partial region 12 and the x-axis corresponds to angle (φ0 + 180°).

[0026] For example, the first guided wavelength λ1 corresponds to the guide wavelength in the direction of the angle φ0 in the circumferential direction in the waveguide 10 as viewed from the feed point 10c. The second guided wavelength λ2 corresponds to the guide wavelength in the direction of the angle (φ0+180°) in the waveguide 10 as viewed from the feed point 10c.

[0027] For example, the third guided wavelength λ3 corresponds to the guide wavelength in the direction of the circumferential angle (φ0+90°) in the waveguide 10 as viewed from the feed point 10c. The fourth guided wavelength λ4 corresponds to the guide wavelength in the direction of the circumferential angle (φ0-90°) in the waveguide 10 as viewed from the feed point 10c.

[0028] For example, the first guided wavelength λ1 is the wavelength (guide wavelength) of a high-frequency signal propagating in the direction from the feed point 10c to the first partial region 11. The second guided wavelength λ2 is the wavelength (guide wavelength) of a high-frequency signal propagating in the direction from the feed point 10c to the second partial region 12.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 1(b), the multiple radiating portions 20 are capable of radiating first electromagnetic waves 81. The first electromagnetic waves 81 correspond to a high-frequency signal propagating through the waveguide 10. A main radiation direction 81D of the first electromagnetic waves 81 is tilted with respect to the Z-axis direction. The Z-axis direction is perpendicular to the first region 10r. An angle θ0 (tilt angle) between the main radiation direction 81D and the Z-axis direction is greater than 0. A projection direction 81P of the main radiation direction 81D onto the waveguide 10 is along a first direction D1 from the second partial region 12 to the first partial region 11.

[0030] For example, in the antenna device 110, a beam-tilted first electromagnetic wave 81 is radiated. For example, in the direction opposite to the tilt direction (second partial region 12), it is possible to prevent the spacing between the multiple radiating sections 20 from becoming extremely narrow. This increases the degree of freedom in designing the sizes and positions of the multiple radiating sections 20. This improves the performance of the antenna.

[0031] An example of the waveguide 10 will now be described. A high-frequency signal may be input to the feed point 10c of the waveguide 10 via, for example, a coaxial line. A high-frequency signal may be input to the feed point 10c via, for example, a waveguide.

[0032] 3(a) to 3(c) are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating the antenna device according to the first embodiment. These figures show several examples of the feed point 10c. In these figures, a high-frequency signal is input to the waveguide 10 (for example, a radial waveguide) via a coaxial line 25.

[0033] As shown in FIG. 2(a), the outer conductor 25o of the coaxial line 25 is electrically connected to the second conductive layer 42 (ground plane) of the waveguide 10 (radial waveguide). The inner conductor 25i of the coaxial line 25 is inserted into the waveguide 10. For example, impedance matching can be achieved by changing the insertion length of the inner conductor 25i. To insert the inner conductor 25i, a hole having a diameter approximately the same as that of the inner conductor 25i may be provided in the first member 30.

[0034] 2(b), the first member 30 may not be provided locally around the inner conductor 25i. For example, impedance matching can be achieved by controlling the length (size) of the region where the first member 30 is not provided.

[0035] In the example of Fig. 2(c), the shape of the end of the inner conductor 25i may be changed, thereby achieving impedance matching.

[0036] The multiple radiating portions 20 radiate high-frequency signals propagating within the waveguide 10 into the space outside the waveguide 10. The multiple radiating portions 20 are radiating elements (antennas). The multiple radiating portions 20 are provided in a first region 10r around the feeding point 10c. The multiple radiating portions 20 function as an array antenna.

[0037] One of the multiple radiating sections 20 may be a slot pair. One of the multiple radiating sections 20 may be a single slot antenna. One of the multiple radiating sections 20 may be a helical antenna. One of the multiple radiating sections 20 may be a patch antenna. One of the multiple radiating sections 20 may be a dipole antenna. One of the multiple radiating sections 20 may be a dielectric resonator antenna. One of the multiple radiating sections 20 may be a leaky wave antenna. Various configurations can be applied to the multiple radiating sections 20.

[0038] The plurality of radiating portions 20 may be arranged in a substantially spiral shape in the first region 10r. The center of the spiral is the feed point 10c. The plurality of radiating portions 20 may be arranged in a substantially concentric shape in the first region 10r. The center of the concentric circle is the feed point 10c.

[0039] As already described, the waveguide 10 may include the first member 30. The first member 30 corresponds to, for example, a slow-wave structure. The first member 30 can change the guided wavelength (for example, the guided wavelength) within the plane of the first region 10r. The first member 30 has the function of adjusting the guided wavelength of the high-frequency signal propagating within the waveguide 10.

[0040] For example, a first slow wave factor in the first sub-region 11 of the first member 30 is different from a second slow wave factor in the second sub-region 12 of the first member 30. In one example, the first member 30 includes a dielectric. In one example, the slow wave factor can be controlled by changing the dielectric constant (e.g., effective dielectric constant) of the first member 30.

[0041] By changing the slow wave ratio in the first member 30, for example, it becomes easier to control the guide wavelength. For example, the control range of the guide wavelength is expanded. For example, it is possible to reduce the change in the guide wavelength due to a change in frequency. For example, it is possible to prevent the operating band of the antenna from becoming narrower.

[0042] FIGS. 4(a) to 4(c) and FIGS. 5(a) to 5(c) are schematic views illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4(a), the first member 30 may include a dielectric 38. The guide wavelength in the waveguide 10 changes depending on the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric 38. When the relative dielectric constant is ε r The free space wavelength is λ0. At this time, the guide wavelength λ in the waveguide 10 is g is λ g =λ0 / (ε r ) 1 / 2 It is expressed as:

[0043] When the waveguide 10 is a waveguide, the guide wavelength also changes depending on the waveguide width. The guide wavelength may be adjusted by changing the waveguide width in addition to the relative dielectric constant. Even when the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric 38 is substantially 1, the first member 30 is considered to be a slow-wave structure.

[0044] 4(b), a dielectric 38 is provided in a portion of the waveguide 10. When the dielectric 38 is partially filled, the guide wavelength can be controlled by controlling the filling rate.

[0045] In FIG. 4(c), the first member 30 (slow-wave structure) includes structures 37. In this example, the structures 37 are corrugations. In one example, the structures 37 may be, for example, conductive. The material of the structures 37 may be the same as or different from the material of the second conductive layer 42. Increasing the depth of the corrugations can shorten the guide wavelength. In addition to the depth of the corrugations, varying the spacing between the corrugations can reduce reflection.

[0046] 5(a), a columnar first member 30 is provided in the waveguide 10. For example, the first member 30 includes a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped structures 37 (pillars). By changing the size and spacing of the plurality of structures 37, the guide wavelength can be changed.

[0047] 5(b), the shape of the structure 37 may be cylindrical, or may be any of various shapes such as a polygonal pillar or a polygonal pyramid.

[0048] 5(c), the dielectric material 38 and the structure 37 may be provided in combination. The first member 30 includes the dielectric material 38 and the structure 37. The structure 37 may be a pillar or a corrugation.

[0049] The effective relative dielectric constant may be changed by changing the density of the dielectric 38. By changing the density of the dielectric 38, for example, it is possible to control the distribution of the relative dielectric constant using one type of dielectric 38.

[0050] 6(a) and 6(b) are schematic diagrams illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the first embodiment. As shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b), the dielectric 38 may include a plurality of holes 38h. In the example of Figure 6(a), the plurality of holes 38h are provided at lattice points of a rectangular lattice. In the example of Figure 6(b), the plurality of holes 38h may be provided at lattice points of a hexagonal lattice. When the plurality of holes 38h are provided at lattice points of a hexagonal lattice, the anisotropy of the relative dielectric constant can be reduced.

[0051] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a part of the antenna device according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the dielectric 38 included in the first member 30 may have a three-dimensional lattice shape. By changing the shape of the dielectric 38 three-dimensionally, the adjustment range of the effective relative dielectric constant can be expanded. For example, anisotropy can be reduced. For example, mechanical strength can be improved. The shape of the dielectric 38 can be shaped by various methods, such as hole forming, resin injection molding, or modeling using a 3D printer.

[0052] For example, the first member 30 includes a first member region 31 and a second member region 32 (see FIG. 1(b)). The first member region 31 corresponds to the first partial region 11. The second member region 32 corresponds to the second partial region 12.

[0053] For example, the first component region 31 and the second component region 32 may satisfy at least one of a first condition, a second condition, a third condition, and a fourth condition. In the first condition, the relative dielectric constant of the first component region 31 is different from the relative dielectric constant of the second component region 32. In the second condition, the density of the plurality of holes 38h included in the first component region 31 is different from the density of the plurality of holes 38h included in the second component region 32. In the third condition, the average size of the plurality of holes 38h included in the first component region 31 is different from the average size of the plurality of holes 38h included in the second component region 32. In the fourth condition, the configuration of the structures 37 provided in the first component region 31 is different from the configuration of the structures 37 provided in the second component region 32.

[0054] For example, by providing the first member 30 including the dielectric 38, it becomes easier to control the guide wavelength, and the control range of the guide wavelength is expanded.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 2(a), the spacing between the radiation portions 20 in the radial direction as viewed from the center of the waveguide 10 is set to a spacing S ρ The intervals between the radiation portions 20 in the circumferential direction are defined as intervals S φ The interval S ρ is the distance along the radial direction between the center of one of the plurality of radiating portions 20 in the radial direction and the center of an adjacent one of the plurality of radiating portions 20 in the radial direction. φ is the distance along the circumferential direction between the center of one of the plurality of radiating portions 20 in the circumferential direction and the center of an adjacent one of the plurality of radiating portions 20 in the circumferential direction.

[0056] The main radiation direction 81D of the first electromagnetic waves 81 radiated from the plurality of radiation portions 20 is set to (θ, φ)=(θ0, φ0). When the spacing S is small enough to substantially prevent the occurrence of grating lobes, φ can be set to a relatively free value independent of the main radiation direction 81D.

[0057] On the other hand, the interval S ρ is set to an appropriate value. This forms a phase distribution on the aperture surface required for beam tilt. In the embodiment, the interval S ρmay be determined by the following first equation:

[0058]

number

[0059] In the first equation, "λ0" is the free space wavelength. "ξ" is the slow wave factor. The slow wave factor is the guided wavelength λ in the radial waveguide. g is the ratio of the wavelength of the optical fiber to the free space wavelength λ0. ξ=λ0 / λ g is.

[0060] For example, the relative permittivity ε r The slow wave structure of the first member 30 is formed using a dielectric 38 having a dielectric constant of ξ=(ε r ) 1 / 2 It is expressed as:

[0061] If the slow wave factor ξ in the radial waveguide is uniform within the waveguide 10, then S ρ changes depending on the angle φ. When φ=φ0+180°, the spacing S between the multiple radiating sections 20 is ρ is the minimum. ρ The minimum value of min(S ρ ) is expressed by the following second equation:

[0062]

number

[0063] On the other hand, when φ=φ0, the spacing S between the multiple radiating portions 20 ρ is the maximum. ρ The maximum value of max(S ρ ) is expressed by the following third equation:

[0064]

number

[0065] FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the characteristics of the antenna device. Figure 8 shows the minimum value min(S ρ ), and the maximum value max(S ρ ) is shown. The horizontal axis of FIG. 8 is the slow wave ratio ξ. The vertical axis is the minimum value min(S ρ ), or maximum value max(S ρ ) FIG. 8 corresponds to a reference example in which the slow wave rate ξ is changed.

[0066] As shown in Fig. 8, when the slow wave ratio ξ increases, the minimum value min(S ρ ), and the maximum value max(S ρ ) decreases. When the slow wave ratio ξ is higher than 2, the maximum value max(S ρ ) is smaller than λ0 / (1 + |sinθ0|). In this case, grating lobes are virtually eliminated.

[0067] On the other hand, when the slow wave ratio ξ is higher than 2, the minimum value min(S ρ ) is smaller than 0.4λ0. For example, when the multiple radiating sections 20 include slot pairs, slots with a length of about 0.5λ0 at the maximum are used. Furthermore, in order to suppress reflections, the spacing between the slot pairs is set to about λ g / 4. This makes it difficult to place slot pairs in areas with narrow element spacing. To place slot pairs, short slots with weak radiation are used. For example, narrowing the slot pair spacing at the expense of reflection reduces design freedom. Furthermore, the antenna performance deteriorates.

[0068] When the slow wave factor ξ in the radial waveguide is constant, the spacing S ρ The maximum value max(S ρ ) is smaller than λ0 / (1 + |sinθ0|), the spacing S ρ As a result, there are areas where it becomes difficult to arrange slot pairs.

[0069] In contrast to this, in the embodiment, the slow wave factor ξ in the radial waveguide is appropriately controlled in accordance with the angle φ. As a result, the spacing Sρ can be set to a desired range (for example, a constant value).

[0070] For example, the following fourth equation can be derived from the first equation.

[0071]

number

[0072] For example, by changing the slow wave ratio ξ in the radial waveguide according to Equation 4, the spacing S can be changed independently of the angle φ. ρ can be made constant.

[0073] FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the characteristics of the antenna device according to the embodiment. FIG. 9 illustrates the distribution of the slow wave factor ξ in one example. The horizontal axis of FIG. 9 is the angle difference Δφ. The angle difference Δφ is φ-φ0. The vertical axis is the slow wave factor ξ1. The slow wave factor ξ1 does not depend on the angle φ, but varies depending on the spacing S between the multiple radiating sections 20. ρ is the slow wave factor ξ, which is substantially 0.95λ0 / (1 + |sinθ0|). "0.95λ0 / (1 + |sinθ0|)" is substantially 0.63λ0. In the example of FIG. 9, the angle θ0 is 30°.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 9, when the angle difference Δφ is 0 degrees, the slow wave rate ξ is increased, and when the angle difference Δφ is 180 degrees, the slow wave rate ξ is decreased. This allows the spacing S of the multiple radiating sections 20 to be adjusted independently of the angle φ. ρ is substantially 0.95λ0 / (1+|sinθ0|). When the angle difference Δφ is 0 degrees, it corresponds to the beam tilt direction. When the angle difference Δφ is 180 degrees, it corresponds to the opposite direction to the beam tilt direction. Due to such a distribution of the slow wave rate ξ, the spacing S between the multiple radiating sections 20 ρ However, it can be kept constant.

[0075] As described above, in the embodiment, the distribution of the slow wave rate ξ is appropriately changed according to the angle φ, so that the interval S ρIt is possible to prevent the length from becoming extremely short. For example, the area where a plurality of radiating sections 20 (for example, slot pairs) are provided is expanded. The degree of freedom in design is improved. The performance of the antenna device 110 is improved.

[0076] For example, in the embodiment, the first member 30 including the dielectric 38 can easily lower the relative permittivity in the region where the slow wave factor ξ is low. For example, the dielectric loss can be reduced.

[0077] In the embodiment, the spacing S between the plurality of radiating portions 20 in the radial direction passing through the feed point 10c and along the first region 10r is ρ is preferably smaller than λ0 / (1+sinθ0). "λ0" is the wavelength of a high-frequency signal in free space. "θ0" is the angle between the direction perpendicular to the first region 10r (the Z-axis direction) and the main radiation direction 81D of the first electromagnetic waves 81 radiated from the multiple radiating portions 20 (see FIG. 2(b)). This makes it possible to effectively suppress grating lobes.

[0078] As already described, one of the multiple radiating sections 20 may include a slot pair. This allows, for example, reflections from the two slots to be canceled out. This makes it possible to reduce reflections in the multiple radiating sections 20. For example, the performance of the antenna can be improved by adjusting the length of the slot, the width of the slot, the position of the slot, the distance between the two slots, etc.

[0079] In the embodiment, the plurality of radiators 20 may be capable of radiating circularly polarized waves. For example, the radiation of circularly polarized waves facilitates wireless communication and the like, regardless of the direction of polarization of the transmission target in the first electromagnetic wave 81 radiated from the antenna device 110.

[0080] As already explained, the plurality of radiating portions 20 may be arranged in a substantially spiral shape. For example, the structure of the feed point 10c can be simplified. For example, a coaxial cable may be connected to the center of the radial waveguide, and the plurality of spiral radiating portions 20 can be excited by coaxial mode feeding.

[0081] As already explained, the plurality of radiating portions 20 may be arranged substantially concentrically. For example, even in a small-scale antenna device with a small number of radiating portions 20, good radiation characteristics can be obtained. For example, the waveguide 10 is fed in a rotational mode. The concentric arrangement of the radiating portions 20 simplifies the structure of the feeding point 10c. For example, the arrangement of the plurality of radiating portions 20 may be name Therefore, even a small-scale antenna device 110 can easily achieve good radiation characteristics.

[0082] In the above description, electromagnetic waves are radiated (transmitted) from the antenna device 110. In the embodiment, the antenna device 110 may receive electromagnetic waves. Even when electromagnetic waves are received by the antenna device 110, tilted electromagnetic waves, for example, can be received with good characteristics.

[0083] 10A and 10B are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating the antenna device according to the first embodiment. In the antenna device 111 according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10( a), the waveguide 10 is a rectangular waveguide. In the antenna device 111, the rectangular waveguide of the waveguide 10 may be formed by, for example, cutting a metal. The rectangular waveguide of the waveguide 10 may be, for example, a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) formed using a dielectric substrate. In the antenna device 111, the multiple radiating portions 20 may be slots provided in the waveguide 10.

[0084] As shown in FIG. 10(b), in the antenna device 111, the first guided wavelength λ1 in the waveguide in the first partial region 11 is shorter than the second guided wavelength λ2 in the waveguide in the second partial region 12.

[0085] As described above, in the embodiment, the waveguide 10 may be a rectangular waveguide in addition to a radial waveguide. The waveguide 10 may be, for example, a ridge waveguide. The waveguide 10 may be, for example, a gap waveguide. The waveguide 10 may be, for example, a parallel plate waveguide. The waveguide 10 may be, for example, a dielectric waveguide. In the embodiment, in various waveguides 10, for example, the slow wave factor ξ in the beam tilt direction is high (the guide wavelength is short) and the slow wave factor ξ in the direction opposite to the beam tilt direction is low (the guide wavelength is long). This makes it possible to obtain a beam tilt antenna in which grating lobes are suppressed without extremely narrowing the spacing between the multiple radiators 20.

[0086] (Second embodiment) FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the antenna device according to the second embodiment. 11, the antenna device 120 according to this embodiment includes a first driving unit 10D. Other configurations of the antenna device 120 may be similar to the configurations of the antenna devices according to the first embodiment (such as the antenna device 110 and the antenna device 111).

[0087] The first driving unit 10D can rotate the waveguide 10 within a plane including the first region 10r (within the XY plane). By rotating the waveguide 10, the first electromagnetic waves 81 radiated from the multiple radiating units 20 may be conically scanned.

[0088] The first driving unit 10D mechanically (physically) rotates the waveguide 10. For example, conical scanning of the beam (first electromagnetic wave 81) becomes possible. Unlike a phased array that performs beam scanning electronically, beam scanning becomes possible without using circuit elements such as a phase shifter.

[0089] In the second embodiment, the antenna device 120 may be used as a receiving device, and may receive, for example, electromagnetic waves arriving from a direction at an angle (θ0, φ0).

[0090] (Third embodiment) FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the antenna device according to the third embodiment. 12, the antenna device 130 according to the embodiment further includes a transparent member 50 in addition to the waveguide 10. Other configurations of the antenna device 130 may be similar to those of the antenna device 110, the antenna device 111, and the antenna device 120.

[0091] In the antenna device 130, the transparent member 50 is capable of transmitting the first electromagnetic wave 81 radiated from the multiple radiating portions 20. The transparent member 50 may be capable of changing the transmission phase of the first electromagnetic wave 81. For example, the direction of the second electromagnetic wave 82 radiated from the transparent member 50 changes in accordance with the change in the transmission phase.

[0092] The transmitting member 50 tilts the beam by, for example, changing the passing phase of the electromagnetic field of the first electromagnetic wave 81. The tilt angle of the beam by the transmitting member 50 may be the same as or different from the tilt angle of the beam in the waveguide 10.

[0093] 12, the transmitting member 50 includes a plurality of transmitting portions 51. In this example, the distribution of the plurality of transmitting portions 51 varies within the plane.

[0094] 12, the antenna device 130 may further include a second driving unit 50D. The second driving unit 50D is capable of rotating the transmitting member 50. As the transmitting member 50 rotates, the direction of the second electromagnetic wave 82 changes.

[0095] FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the antenna device according to the third embodiment. 13, an antenna device 131 according to the embodiment also includes a transparent member 50. In the antenna device 131, the thickness of the transparent member 50 varies within the plane.

[0096] The transmitting member 50 may include a transmit array, which is, for example, an array of a plurality of elements (unit cells) with different transmission phases.

[0097] 14 to 16 are schematic diagrams illustrating a portion of an antenna device according to a third embodiment. These diagrams illustrate one unit cell included in a transmit array. In the example of FIG. 14, two dielectric substrates 55 each having a metal patch are combined with a metal plate 56 having a cross-shaped slot. By changing the rotation angle of the unit cell, the passing phase of the circularly polarized wave can be changed.

[0098] 15, one unit cell combines four dielectric substrates 55 with metal patches and a metal plate 56 with a cross-shaped slot. The large number of dielectric substrates 55 allows the unit cell to function over a wider frequency band, for example.

[0099] In the example of FIG. 16, split rings 57 are provided on both sides of a dielectric substrate 55 .

[0100] For example, the transmitting member 50 illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15 may be rotated in a plane. For example, the passing phase of a circularly polarized wave can be changed. The transmitting member 50 can tilt the beam by changing the passing phase of an electromagnetic wave, for example. The configuration of the transmitting member 50 can be modified in various ways.

[0101] 17 to 19 are schematic diagrams illustrating the antenna device according to the third embodiment. 17, the rotation angle in the waveguide 10 is defined as angle φ1, and the rotation angle in the transmitting member 50 is defined as angle φ2.

[0102] 18, for example, when angle φ1 is 0 in waveguide 10, first electromagnetic wave 81 is radiated from waveguide 10 in a direction of angle θ1. Equiphase surface 81a is formed in first electromagnetic wave 81. Equiphase surface 81a is perpendicular to the direction of angle θ1. First electromagnetic wave 81 is radiated in the direction of angle θ1.

[0103] 19, a passing phase distribution 82a is formed in the transmission member 50. For example, when a first electromagnetic wave 81 is irradiated onto the transmission member 50, the transmission member 50 radiates a second electromagnetic wave 82 in a direction at an angle θ2.

[0104] The transmitting member 50 is superimposed on the waveguide 10. In this state, the waveguide 10 is rotated by an angle φ1, and the transmitting member 50 is rotated by an angle φ2. In this case, the x-component of the wave number of the second electromagnetic wave 82 transmitted through the transmitting member 50, "k x " and the y component "k y " is expressed by the following fifth equation.

[0105]

number

[0106] In Equation 5, the wave number k0 is 2π / λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength.

[0107] From the fifth equation, the tilt direction (θ0, φ0) of the beam in the antenna device 120 is expressed by the following sixth and seventh equations.

[0108]

number

[0109]

number

[0110] "k x " and "k y " changes depending on the angle φ1 (rotation angle) of the waveguide 10 and the angle φ2 (rotation angle) of the transmitting member 50. The tilt direction (θ0, φ0) of the beam can be changed by these angles.

[0111] For example, a waveguide 10 with an angle θ1 of 30 degrees or more is combined with a transmitting member 50 with an angle θ2 of 30 degrees or more. The angle φ1 of the waveguide 10 and the angle φ2 of the transmitting member 50 are changed (rotated) within a range of -180 degrees or more and 180 degrees or less. As a result, the angle θ0 changes within a range of 0 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less, and the angle φ0 changes within a range of -180 degrees or more and 180 degrees or less. Two-dimensional beam scanning can be performed in any direction.

[0112] 20(a) and 20(b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the characteristics of the antenna device according to the third embodiment. These figures illustrate the tilt direction (θ0, φ0) of the beam when the waveguide 10 and the transmitting member 50 are rotated. In this example, the angles θ1 and θ2 are 30 degrees. The angle φ1 of the waveguide 10 and the angle φ2 of the transmitting member 50 are changed in the range of -180 degrees to 180 degrees.

[0113] As shown in Figure 20(a), by changing the angles φ1 and φ2, θ0 changes within a range of 0 degrees to 90 degrees. For example, when the angle φ2 is φ1 ±180 degrees, the angle θ0 is 0 degrees. For example, when the angle φ2 is the same as the angle φ1, the angle θ0 is 90 degrees.

[0114] As shown in Figure 20(b), by changing the angles φ1 and φ2, φ0 changes within a range of -180 degrees to 180 degrees. For example, the angles φ1 and φ2 are changed while keeping the difference between the angles φ1 and φ2 constant. This allows the angle φ0 to be changed while keeping the angle θ0 constant.

[0115] As described above, the transmitting member 50 may be provided. The transmitting member 50 can change the direction of the first electromagnetic wave 81 emitted from the waveguide 10. For example, the range of beam scanning can be widened. The transmitting member 50 can be mechanically rotated. The rotation can be performed by a second driving unit 50D. The range of beam scanning can be further widened.

[0116] For example, two-dimensional beam scanning is possible by rotating the waveguide 10 and the transmitting member 50. For example, in a reference example of a phased array that performs beam scanning electronically, an additional circuit such as a phase shifter is provided. In the embodiment, no additional circuit is required. In the embodiment, for example, beam scanning can be performed at low cost.

[0117] The equiphase surface 81a illustrated in Fig. 18 is linear. In an embodiment, the equiphase surface 81a does not have to be linear. The passing phase distribution 82a illustrated in Fig. 19 is linear. In an embodiment, the passing phase distribution 82a does not have to be linear.

[0118] When the equal-phase surface 81a is not linear, the passing phase distribution 82a may be changed to correct the equal-phase surface 81a.When the passing phase distribution 82a is not linear, the equal-phase surface 81a may be changed to correct the passing phase distribution 82a.

[0119] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna device according to the third embodiment. 21, in an antenna device 132 according to this embodiment, a rotary joint 10R is provided in addition to a waveguide 10 and a transparent member 50. Other configurations of the antenna device 132 may be similar to those of the antenna device .

[0120] In the antenna device 132, the rotary joint 10R can hold the waveguide 10 and the transparent member 50 at any angle. This prevents the power feeding transmission line from being twisted and damaged when the waveguide 10 and the transparent member 50 are mechanically rotated.

[0121] In the embodiment, the first driving unit 10D and the second driving unit 50D may include a motor or the like.

[0122] In the third embodiment, the antenna devices (antenna devices 130 to 132) may be used as receiving devices, and can receive electromagnetic waves arriving from a direction at an angle (θ0, φ0), for example.

[0123] (Fourth embodiment) The fourth embodiment relates to a wireless device. FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating a wireless device according to the fourth embodiment. 22, a radio device 210 according to an embodiment includes an antenna device according to any of the first to third embodiments (for example, the antenna device 110) and an electric circuit 201. The electric circuit 201 can be coupled to a feed point 10c of a waveguide 10 included in the antenna device 110. The electric circuit 201 may be electrically connected to the feed point 10c.

[0124] For example, by providing the electric circuit 201, the antenna device 110 can be used as a wireless communication device, a radar, a wireless power supply device, or the like.

[0125] For example, the electric circuit 201 can supply a high frequency signal to the antenna device 110. The electric circuit 201 causes the antenna device 110 to radiate an electromagnetic wave. When the antenna device 110 receives the electromagnetic wave, the electric circuit 201 can demodulate the high frequency signal.

[0126] In the embodiment, the antenna device (for example, the antenna device 110) and the wireless device 210 can be applied to wireless communication devices using phased arrays, radar, wireless power transmission, or the like.

[0127] In the embodiment, grating lobes can be suppressed in a beam-tilted array antenna, and the degree of freedom in design can be increased.

[0128] The embodiment may include the following configurations (e.g., technical solutions). (Configuration 1) a waveguide including a feed point and a first region around the feed point; the waveguide is capable of guiding a high-frequency signal supplied to the feeding point, the waveguide includes a plurality of radiating portions provided in the first region, the first region includes a first partial region and a second partial region, the feed point is located between the first partial region and the second partial region, An antenna device, wherein a first guided wavelength in the waveguide in the first partial region is shorter than a second guided wavelength in the waveguide in the second partial region.

[0129] (Configuration 2) the plurality of radiation portions are capable of radiating a first electromagnetic wave in response to the high-frequency signal, 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein a projection direction of a main radiation direction of the first electromagnetic wave onto the waveguide is along a first direction from the second partial region to the first partial region.

[0130] (Configuration 3) the waveguide includes a first member; 3. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein a first slow wave rate in the first partial region of the first member is different from a second slow wave rate in the second partial region of the first member.

[0131] (Configuration 4) 4. The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein the first member includes a dielectric material.

[0132] (Configuration 5) the waveguide includes a first member; the first member includes a first member region corresponding to the first partial region and a second member region corresponding to the second partial region; the first member region and the second member region satisfy at least one of a first condition, a second condition, a third condition, and a fourth condition; In the first condition, the relative dielectric constant of the first member region is different from the relative dielectric constant of the second member region, In the second condition, the density of the holes included in the first member region is different from the density of the holes included in the second member region, In the third condition, an average size of the plurality of holes included in the first component region is different from an average size of the plurality of holes included in the second component region, 3. The antenna device according to configuration 1 or 2, wherein, in the fourth condition, the configuration of the structure provided in the first component region is different from the configuration of the structure provided in the second component region.

[0133] (Configuration 6) the first guided wavelength is a wavelength of the high-frequency signal propagating along a direction from the feed point to the first partial region; 6. The antenna device according to any one of configurations 1 to 5, wherein the second guided wavelength is the wavelength of the high frequency signal propagating along a direction from the feed point to the second partial region.

[0134] (Configuration 7) an interval between the plurality of radiating portions in a radial direction passing through the feed point and along the first region is smaller than λ0 / (1+sinθ0); λ is the wavelength of the high frequency signal in free space, 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein θ0 is an angle between a direction perpendicular to the first region and a main radiation direction of first electromagnetic waves radiated from the plurality of radiating portions.

[0135] (Configuration 8) the first region includes a third partial region and a fourth partial region, the feed point is located between the third partial region and the fourth partial region; a direction from the feed point to the third partial region intersects with a direction from the feed point to the first partial region; a third guided wavelength in the waveguide in the third subregion is longer than the first guided wavelength and shorter than the second guided wavelength; 8. The antenna device according to any one of configurations 1 to 7, wherein a fourth guided wavelength in the waveguide in the fourth partial region is longer than the first guided wavelength and shorter than the second guided wavelength.

[0136] (Configuration 9) 9. The antenna device according to any one of configurations 1 to 8, wherein one of the plurality of radiating portions includes a slot pair.

[0137] (Configuration 10) 10. The antenna device according to any one of configurations 1 to 9, wherein the plurality of radiating portions are capable of radiating circularly polarized waves.

[0138] (Configuration 11) 11. The antenna device according to any one of configurations 1 to 10, wherein the plurality of radiating portions are arranged in a substantially spiral shape in the first region.

[0139] (Configuration 12) 11. The antenna device according to any one of configurations 1 to 10, wherein the plurality of radiating portions are arranged substantially concentrically in the first region.

[0140] (Configuration 13) Further comprising a first drive unit, the first driving unit is capable of rotating the waveguide within a plane including the first region, 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the first electromagnetic waves radiated from the plurality of radiating portions are conically scanned by rotating the waveguide.

[0141] (Configuration 14) Further comprising a transparent member, the transmitting member is capable of transmitting first electromagnetic waves radiated from the plurality of radiating portions, the transmission member is capable of changing a transmission phase of the first electromagnetic wave, 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the direction of the second electromagnetic wave radiated from the transmitting member changes in accordance with the change in the transmission phase.

[0142] (Configuration 15) Further comprising a second drive unit, the second driving unit is capable of rotating the transmitting member, 15. The antenna device according to claim 14, wherein the direction of the second electromagnetic wave changes in response to rotation of the transmitting member.

[0143] (Configuration 16) a waveguide including a feed point and a first region around the feed point; the waveguide is capable of guiding a high-frequency signal supplied to the feeding point, the waveguide includes a plurality of radiating portions provided in the first region, the first region includes a first partial region and a second partial region, the feed point is located between the first partial region and the second partial region, the waveguide includes a first member; the first member includes a first member region corresponding to the first partial region and a second member region corresponding to the second partial region; the first member region and the second member region satisfy at least one of a first condition, a second condition, a third condition, and a fourth condition; In the first condition, the relative dielectric constant of the first member region is different from the relative dielectric constant of the second member region, In the second condition, the density of the holes included in the first member region is different from the density of the holes included in the second member region, In the third condition, an average size of the plurality of holes included in the first component region is different from an average size of the plurality of holes included in the second component region, In the fourth condition, the antenna device has a structure provided in the first component region that has a different configuration from a structure provided in the second component region.

[0144] (Configuration 17) the antenna device according to configuration 1; an electrical circuit coupleable to the feed point; A wireless device comprising:

[0145] According to the embodiment, it is possible to provide an antenna device and a radio device that can improve characteristics.

[0146] The above describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. For example, the specific configurations of each element included in the antenna device, such as the waveguide, the transparent member, and the driving unit, are within the scope of the present invention as long as a person skilled in the art can implement the present invention in a similar manner and obtain similar effects by appropriately selecting them from known ranges.

[0147] Any combination of two or more elements of each example within the scope of technical feasibility is also included within the scope of the present invention as long as it encompasses the gist of the present invention.

[0148] All antenna devices and radio devices that can be implemented by a person skilled in the art by making appropriate design modifications based on the antenna device and radio device described above as embodiments of the present invention also fall within the scope of the present invention, as long as they include the gist of the present invention.

[0149] Within the scope of the concept of the present invention, a person skilled in the art may conceive of various modifications and alterations, and it is understood that these modifications and alterations also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0150] Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, and are also included in the scope of the invention and its equivalents as defined in the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0151] 10: Waveguide, 10D: First driving unit, 10R: Rotary joint, 10c: Feeding point, 10r: First region, 11-14: First to fourth partial regions, 20: Radiating portion, 21, 22: First and second slots, 25: Coaxial line, 25i: Inner conductor, 25o: Outer conductor, 30: First member, 31, 32: First and second member regions, 37: Structure, 38: Dielectric, 38h: Hole, 41, 42: First and second conductive layers, 45: Opening, 50: Transparent member, 50D: Second driving unit, 51: Transparent portion, 55: Dielectric substrate, 56: Metal plate, 57: Split ring, 81, 82: First and second electromagnetic waves, 81D: Main radiation direction, 81P: projection direction, 81a: equiphase surface, 82a: passing phase distribution, 110, 111, 120, 130-132: antenna device, 201: electric circuit, 210: radio device, D1: first direction, O: origin

Claims

1. a waveguide including a feed point and a first region around the feed point; the waveguide is capable of guiding a high-frequency signal supplied to the feeding point, the waveguide includes a plurality of radiating portions provided in the first region, the first region includes a first partial region and a second partial region, the feed point is located between the first partial area and the second partial area, a first guided wavelength in the waveguide in the first sub-region is shorter than a second guided wavelength in the waveguide in the second sub-region; an interval between the plurality of radiating portions in a radial direction passing through the feed point and along the first region is smaller than λ 0 / (1+sin θ 0 ); λ 0 is the wavelength of the high frequency signal in free space, The antenna device, wherein θ 0 is an angle between a direction perpendicular to the first region and a main radiation direction of first electromagnetic waves radiated from the plurality of radiating portions.

2. a waveguide including a feed point and a first region around the feed point; the waveguide is capable of guiding a high-frequency signal supplied to the feeding point, the waveguide includes a plurality of radiating portions provided in the first region, the first region includes a first partial region and a second partial region, the feed point is located between the first partial area and the second partial area, a first guided wavelength in the waveguide in the first sub-region is shorter than a second guided wavelength in the waveguide in the second sub-region; An antenna device, wherein one of the plurality of radiating sections includes a slot pair.

3. a waveguide including a feed point and a first region around the feed point; the waveguide is capable of guiding a high-frequency signal supplied to the feeding point, the waveguide includes a plurality of radiating portions provided in the first region, the first region includes a first partial region and a second partial region, the feed point is located between the first partial area and the second partial area, a first guided wavelength in the waveguide in the first sub-region is shorter than a second guided wavelength in the waveguide in the second sub-region; The antenna device, wherein the plurality of radiating portions are capable of radiating circularly polarized waves.

4. a waveguide including a feed point and a first region around the feed point; the waveguide is capable of guiding a high-frequency signal supplied to the feeding point, the waveguide includes a plurality of radiating portions provided in the first region, the first region includes a first partial region and a second partial region, the feed point is located between the first partial area and the second partial area, a first guided wavelength in the waveguide in the first sub-region is shorter than a second guided wavelength in the waveguide in the second sub-region; The antenna device, wherein the plurality of radiating portions are arranged in a spiral shape in the first region.

5. a waveguide including a feed point and a first region around the feed point; the waveguide is capable of guiding a high-frequency signal supplied to the feeding point, the waveguide includes a plurality of radiating portions provided in the first region, the first region includes a first partial region and a second partial region, the feed point is located between the first partial area and the second partial area, a first guided wavelength in the waveguide in the first sub-region is shorter than a second guided wavelength in the waveguide in the second sub-region; Further comprising a transparent member, the transmitting member is capable of transmitting first electromagnetic waves radiated from the plurality of radiating portions, the transmission member is capable of changing a transmission phase of the first electromagnetic wave, The antenna device is configured such that the direction of the second electromagnetic wave radiated from the transmitting member changes in accordance with the change in the transmission phase.

6. Further comprising a second drive unit; the second driving unit is capable of rotating the transmitting member, The antenna device according to claim 5 , wherein the direction of the second electromagnetic wave changes in response to rotation of the transmitting member.

7. the plurality of radiators are capable of radiating first electromagnetic waves in response to the high-frequency signal, The antenna device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the projection direction of the main radiation direction of the first electromagnetic wave onto the waveguide is along a first direction from any point included in the second partial region to any point included in the first partial region.

8. the waveguide includes a first member; the first member includes a first member region corresponding to the first partial region and a second member region corresponding to the second partial region; the first member region and the second member region satisfy at least one of a first condition, a second condition, a third condition, and a fourth condition; In the first condition, the relative dielectric constant of the first member region is different from the relative dielectric constant of the second member region, In the second condition, the density of the holes included in the first member region is different from the density of the holes included in the second member region, In the third condition, an average size of the plurality of holes included in the first member region is different from an average size of the plurality of holes included in the second member region, 7. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, in the fourth condition, a configuration of the structure provided in the first member region is different from a configuration of the structure provided in the second member region.

9. the first guided wavelength is a wavelength of the high-frequency signal propagating from the feeding point to the first partial region, 7. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the second guided wavelength is a wavelength of the high frequency signal propagating from the feed point to the second partial region.

10. the first region includes a third partial region and a fourth partial region, the feed point is located between the third partial region and the fourth partial region, a direction from the feed point to an arbitrary point included in the third partial region intersects with the direction from the feed point to the arbitrary point included in the first partial region, a third guided wavelength in the waveguide in the third subregion is longer than the first guided wavelength and shorter than the second guided wavelength; The antenna device according to claim 7 , wherein a fourth guided wavelength in the waveguide in the fourth partial region is longer than the first guided wavelength and shorter than the second guided wavelength.

11. 4. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of radiating portions are arranged concentrically in the first region.

12. Further comprising a first drive unit; the first driving unit is capable of rotating the waveguide within a plane including the first region, 7. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the first electromagnetic waves radiated from the plurality of radiating portions are conically scanned by rotating the waveguide.

13. An antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 6; an electrical circuit coupleable to the feed point; A wireless device comprising:

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