A method for transmitting and receiving signals in an unlicensed frequency band and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for a terminal to transmit an uplink (UL) signal in a wireless communication system, particularly the method includes determining an energy detection (ED) threshold based on a maximum EIRP among at least one first effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) for at least one first UL signal, obtaining a channel occupancy based on the ED threshold, and within the channel occupancy, (i) transmitting the at least one first UL signal based on each of the at least one first EIRP for each of the at least one first UL signal, and (ii) transmitting a second UL signal based on a second EIRP, the second EIRP being less than or equal to the maximum EIRP.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals in an unlicensed band, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for determining an Energy Detection (ED) threshold and performing Listen Before Talk (LBT) for transmitting and receiving signals with one or more Tx beams in an unlicensed band. [Background technology]

[0002] As times change, more communication devices are demanding greater communication traffic, creating a need for next-generation 5G systems, which offer improved wireless broadband communication compared to existing LTE systems. In these next-generation 5G systems, known as NewRAT, communication scenarios are categorized into Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliability and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), and Massive Machine-type Communications (mMTC).

[0003] Here, eMBB is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with characteristics such as High Spectrum Efficiency, High User Experienced Data Rate, and High Peak Data Rate; URLLC is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with characteristics such as Ultra Reliable, Ultra Low Latency, and Ultra High Availability (e.g., V2X, Emergency Service, Remote Control); and mMTC is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with characteristics such as Low Cost, Low Energy, Short Packet, and Massive Connectivity (e.g., IoT). [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals in an unlicensed bandwidth.

[0005] The technical problems that this disclosure seeks to solve are not limited to those described above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understandable to a person with ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains from the following description. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A wireless communication system according to an embodiment of this disclosure, a method for a terminal to transmit an uplink (UL) signal, comprising: determining an Energy Detection (ED) threshold based on the largest of at least one first Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) for at least one first UL signal; obtaining channel occupancy based on this ED threshold; and within the channel occupancy, (i) transmitting at least one first UL signal based on each of the at least one first EIRP for each of the at least one first UL signals; and (ii) transmitting a second UL signal based on a second EIRP, where the second EIRP is less than or equal to the largest EIRP.

[0007] In this case, the second UL signal is not considered in determining the ED threshold.

[0008] Furthermore, scheduling information for at least one first UL signal is received before scheduling information for the second UL signal is received.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the fact that the EIRP for the second UL signal is greater than the maximum EIRP, the second EIRP is identical to the maximum EIRP.

[0010] Channel occupancy is also obtained based on the success of LBT (Listen-Before-Talk) based on the ED threshold.

[0011] Furthermore, at least one first UL signal and a second UL signal are transmitted using different UL transmit (Tx) beams.

[0012] Additionally, at least one first UL signal and a second UL signal are transmitted in a bandwidth of 52.6 GHz or higher.

[0013] A wireless communication system according to this disclosure, a terminal for transmitting an uplink (UL) signal, comprising at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory operably coupled to the at least one processor and, if executed, storing instructions for causing the at least one processor to perform an operation, the operation of determining an Energy Detection (ED) threshold based on the largest of at least one first Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) for at least one first UL signal, obtaining channel occupancy based on this ED threshold, and within the channel occupancy, the at least one transceiver transmits at least one first UL signal based on at least one first EIRP for each of the at least one first UL signals, and (ii) transmits a second UL signal based on a second EIRP, where the second EIRP is less than or equal to the largest EIRP.

[0014] In this case, the second UL signal is not considered in determining the ED threshold.

[0015] Furthermore, scheduling information for at least one first UL signal is received before scheduling information for the second UL signal is received.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the fact that the EIRP for the second UL signal is greater than the maximum EIRP, the second EIRP is identical to the maximum EIRP.

[0017] Channel occupancy is also obtained based on the success of LBT (Listen-Before-Talk) based on the ED threshold.

[0018] Furthermore, at least one first UL signal and a second UL signal are transmitted using different UL transmit (Tx) beams.

[0019] Additionally, at least one first UL signal and a second UL signal are transmitted in a bandwidth of 52.6 GHz or higher.

[0020] A wireless communication system according to this disclosure includes an apparatus for transmitting an uplink (UL) signal, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory operably coupled to the at least one processor and, when executed, storing instructions for causing the at least one processor to perform an operation, the operation of which includes determining an Energy Detection (ED) threshold based on the largest of at least one first Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) for at least one first UL signal, obtaining channel occupancy based on this ED threshold, and within the channel occupancy (i) transmitting at least one first UL signal based on at least one first EIRP for each of the at least one first UL signals, and (ii) transmitting a second UL signal based on a second EIRP, the second EIRP being less than or equal to the largest EIRP.

[0021] A computer-readable storage medium comprising at least one computer program causing at least one processor according to this disclosure to operate, the operation comprising determining an Energy Detection (ED) threshold based on the largest of at least one first Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) for at least one first UL signal, obtaining a channel occupancy based on this ED threshold, and within the channel occupancy (i) transmitting at least one first UL signal based on each of the at least one first EIRP for each of the at least one first UL signal, and (ii) transmitting a second UL signal based on a second EIRP, where the second EIRP is less than or equal to the largest EIRP. [Effects of the Invention]

[0022] According to this disclosure, in order to overcome relatively large path loss in high-frequency bands above 52.6 GHz, a suitable ED threshold can be set for Directional LBT (D-LBT), in which base stations and / or terminals perform Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) in a specific beam direction using techniques such as analog beamforming utilizing multiple antennas.

[0023] Furthermore, successful D-LBT allows for the multiplexing of beams in different directions within the COT, and enables the setting of appropriate D-LBT directions and ED thresholds for DL / UL beams that are DL / UL switched and transmitted.

[0024] Furthermore, when beams in different directions are multiplexed within the resulting COT, the signal power can be effectively controlled to avoid interference with other RATs besides NR.

[0025] The effects obtained by this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understandable to a person with ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains from the following description. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0026] [Figure 1] This is a diagram illustrating the structure of a wireless frame.

[0027] [Figure 2] This diagram illustrates a resource grid for slots.

[0028] [Figure 3] This diagram illustrates the uplink transmission operation of a terminal.

[0029] [Figure 4] This figure shows a wireless communication system that supports unlicensed bandwidth applicable to this disclosure.

[0030] [Figure 5] This diagram illustrates how to occupy resources within the unlicensed bandwidth applicable to this disclosure.

[0031] [Figure 6] This diagram illustrates a terminal channel connection procedure for uplink and / or downlink signal transmission in an unlicensed band applicable to this disclosure.

[0032] [Figure 7] This diagram illustrates several LBT-SBs (Listen Before Talk-Subbands) applicable to this disclosure.

[0033] [Figure 8] This is a diagram illustrating analog beamforming in an NR system.

[0034] [Figure 9] This figure illustrates the Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) of the beam substrate and the LBT of the beam group substrate according to the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0035] [Figure 10] This figure illustrates the problems that arise when performing LBT on a beam substrate according to the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0036] [Figure 11-13] This diagram illustrates the overall operation process by which a terminal and a base station transmit and receive uplink signals according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0037] [Figure 14-16] This diagram illustrates the overall operational process by which a terminal and a base station transmit and receive downlink signals according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] [Figure 17] This diagram illustrates an embodiment of the disclosure that illustrates a method for sending and receiving uplink signals within a single COT (Channel Occupancy Time).

[0039] [Figure 18] This is a diagram illustrating a communication system to which this disclosure applies.

[0040] [Figure 19] This is a diagram illustrating wireless devices to which this disclosure applies.

[0041] [Figure 20] This is a diagram illustrating a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which this disclosure applies. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0042] The following technologies can be used in various wireless connectivity systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) and CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) / EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE802-20, and E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (long term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) which uses E-UTRA, and LTE-A is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. 3GPP NR (New Radio or New Radio Access Technology) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE / LTE-A.

[0043] For clarity, the explanation will primarily focus on 3GPP® communication systems (e.g., NR), but the technical concepts of this disclosure are not limited to these. Background information, terminology, and abbreviations used in this disclosure can be found in standards documents published prior to this disclosure (e.g., 38.211, 38.212, 38.213, 38.214, 38.300, 38.331, etc.).

[0044] Here, we will explain 5G communication, including the NR system.

[0045] The three main requirements areas for 5G include (1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), (2) Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and (3) Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC).

[0046] Some use cases require optimization across multiple domains, while others focus on only one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports these diverse use cases in a flexible and reliable manner.

[0047] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile internet access, covering rich two-way communication, cloud, or augmented reality media and entertainment applications. Data is one of the core drivers of 5G, and for the first time in the 5G era, we may not see dedicated voice services. In 5G, voice is expected to be processed as an application program using the data connectivity provided by the communication system. The main causes of the increased traffic volume are the increasing size of content and the increasing number of applications that demand high data transmission rates. Streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile internet connectivity will become more widespread as more devices connect to the internet. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing on mobile communication platforms, and this is applicable to both business and entertainment. Cloud storage is also a particular use case driving the growth of uplink data transmission rates. 5G will also be used for cloud-based remote work, requiring lower end-to-end latency to maintain a superior user experience when haptic interfaces are used. Entertainment, such as cloud gaming and video streaming, is another core element increasing the demand for mobile highband capacity. Entertainment is essential on smartphones and tablets everywhere, including in highly mobile environments such as trains, cars, and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment, where augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volumes.

[0048] One of the most anticipated use cases for 5G is its ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors across all sectors, namely mMTC (Mechanical Microcontrollers). It is projected that the number of potential IoT devices will reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one area where 5G will play a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure.

[0049] URLLCs include new services that will transform industries through ultra-reliable / available low-latency links for remote control of critical infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. Levels of reliability and latency are essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, and drone control and coordination.

[0050] Next, we will provide a more detailed explanation of numerous use cases in 5G communication systems, including NR systems.

[0051] 5G is a means of delivering streams rated at hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second, and can complement FTTH (fiber-to-the-home) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such high speeds are required not only for virtual and augmented reality but also for transmitting TV at resolutions of 4K and above (6K, 8K and beyond). VR (Virtual Reality) and AR (Augmented Reality) applications mostly include immersive sports competitions. Certain application programs require special network configurations. For example, in the case of VR games, game companies need to integrate their core servers with the network operator's edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0052] Automotive is expected to be a key new driving force in 5G, along with numerous use cases for mobile communications within vehicles. For example, passenger entertainment requires high simultaneous capacity and high mobile broadband bandwidth because future users will expect high-quality connectivity regardless of their location and speed. Another use case in the automotive sector is augmented reality dashboards, which overlay information on what the driver sees through the windshield, identifying objects in the dark and communicating their distance and movement to the driver. In the future, wireless modules will enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure structures, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by pedestrians). Safety systems will guide drivers to alternative routes of action to enable safer driving and reduce the risk of accidents. The next stage will be remotely controlled or self-driven vehicles, which require highly reliable and very fast communication between different self-driven vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, self-driven vehicles will perform all driving activities, allowing drivers to concentrate only on traffic anomalies that the vehicle itself cannot identify. The technical requirements for self-driving vehicles demand ultra-low latency and ultra-high-speed reliability so that traffic safety increases to a level unattainable by humans.

[0053] Smart cities and smart homes, often referred to as smart societies, are embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. A distributed network of intelligent sensors identifies the cost and energy-efficient maintenance requirements for cities or homes. Similar setups are made for individual homes. Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and household appliances are all connected wirelessly. Many of these sensors typically have low data transmission rates, low power consumption, and low cost. However, real-time HD video, for example, may be required for certain types of devices for surveillance purposes.

[0054] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is highly decentralized, requiring automated control of a distributed sensor network. Smart grids interconnect such sensors, using digital information and communication technologies to collect information and act accordingly. Because this information includes the behavior of suppliers and consumers, smart grids can improve the efficiency, reliability, economy, production sustainability, and automated distribution of fuels like electricity. Smart grids can also be viewed as other low-latency sensor networks.

[0055] The healthcare sector possesses numerous application programs that can benefit from mobile communications. Communication systems support telemedicine, providing clinical care in remote locations. This helps reduce the barrier of distance and improves access to medical services that are not sustainably available in remote rural areas. It can also be used to save lives in critical medical and emergency situations. Mobile communication-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0056] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links presents an attractive opportunity in many industrial sectors. However, achieving this requires wireless connections to operate with similar latency, reliability, and capacity to cables, and to simplify their management. Low latency and extremely low error rates are new requirements that must be met by 5G.

[0057] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, using location-based information systems to enable inventory and package tracking anywhere. Logistics and freight tracking use cases typically require low data speeds but demand wide-area and reliable location information.

[0058] Figure 1 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame.

[0059] In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions consist of frames. A radio frame has a length of 10ms and is defined by two 5ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame is defined by five 1ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe depends on SCS (Subcarrier Spacing). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols by a cyclic prefix (CP). When a general CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0060] Table 1 illustrates how the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe change depending on the SCS when a standard CP is used.

[0061] [Table 1]

[0062] *N slot symb : Number of symbols in the slot *N frame,u slot : Number of slots in the frame

[0063] *N subframe,u slot : Number of slots in the subframe

[0064] Table 2 illustrates how the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe change depending on the SCS when extended CP is used.

[0065] [Table 2]

[0066] The frame structure is merely illustrative, and the number of subframes, slots, and symbols within a frame can be varied. In the NR system, different OFDM numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) are set between multiple cells merged into a single terminal. This results in different (absolute time) intervals for time resources (e.g., SF, slots, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols, across the merged cells.

[0067] NR supports numerous pneumatics (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, an SCS of 15kHz supports wide area in traditional cellular bands, while an SCS of 30kHz / 60kHz supports dense-urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. An SCS of 60kHz or higher supports bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0068] The NR frequency band is defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2). FR1 and FR2 are configured as shown in Table 3 below. FR2 also refers to millimeter wave (mmW).

[0069] [Table 3]

[0070] Figure 2 illustrates a resource grid for a slot. One slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a general CP, one slot contains 14 symbols, while in the case of an extended CP, one slot contains 12 symbols. A carrier wave contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined by multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) is defined by multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and corresponds to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier wave contains up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication takes place over activated BWPs, and only one BWP is activated per terminal. In the resource grid, each element is called a Resource Element (RE), and one modulation symbol is mapped to it.

[0071] Figure 3 illustrates the uplink transmission operation of a terminal. The terminal transmits the packet it intends to send based on a dynamic grant (Figure 3(a)) or based on a predetermined grant (Figure 3(b)).

[0072] Resources for grants configured across multiple terminals are shared. Uplink signal transmissions based on each terminal's configured grant are identified based on time / frequency resources and reference signal parameters (e.g., different cyclic shifts). Therefore, if a terminal fails to transmit uplink due to a signal collision or other reason, the base station identifies the terminal and explicitly sends a retransmission grant for that transmission block to it.

[0073] The configured grant supports K repeated transmissions, including the initial transmission, for the same transmit block. The HARQ process ID for the uplink signal transmitted K times is determined identically based on the resources for the initial transmission. The redundant version for the transmit block transmitted K times has one of the following patterns: {0,2,3,1}, {0,3,0,3}, or {0,0,0,0}.

[0074] The device will repeatedly send until one of the following conditions is met:

[0075] - If an uplink grant for the same transmit block is successfully received.

[0076] -When the number of repeated transmissions for the relevant transmission block reaches K

[0077] -When the end of period P is reached

[0078] Uplink transmission power control

[0079] 1.PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) power control

[0080] If a terminal transmits a PUSCH using an active UL BWP b of the carrier f of serving cell c with index l and a parameter set configuration with index j, the terminal will use the following [Equation 1] to transmit the PUSCH power P in the transmission occasion i. PUSCH,b,f,c (i,j,q d It is possible to determine (l).

[0081]

number

[0082] Here, P CMAX,f,c (i) is the maximum output power for the carrier f of the serving cell c at the PUSCH transmission opportunity i set for the terminal.

[0083] Also, P O_PUSCH,b,f,c (j) is a parameter composed of the sum of component P O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c (j) and component P O_UE_PUSCH,f,c (j) when j ∈ {0, 1, …, J - 1}.

[0084] At this time, the values of P O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c (j) and P O_UE_PUSCH,f,c (j) vary depending on the use of PUSCH (e.g., Type-1 Random Access, Type-2 Random access, Configured Grant, Dynamic Grant).

[0085] JPEG0007832228000005.jpg920 is an offset value for compensating for path loss, and JPEG0007832228000006.jpg920 also varies depending on the use of PUSCH (e.g., Type-1 Random Access, Type-2 Random access, Configured Grant, Dynamic Grant).

[0086] M RB,b,f,c PUSCH (i) is the bandwidth for PUSCH resource allocation expressed by the number of RBs (Resource Blocks) and SCS (Subcarrier Spacing) for the PUSCH transmission opportunity (Occasion) i in the active UL BWP b of the carrier f of the serving cell c.

[0087] PL(q​d ) is the reference signal index q for the activated DL BWP of the carrier wave f of serving cell c. d This is an estimated downlink path loss (Pathloss) calculated in dB by the terminal using [a specific method / tool].

[0088] JPEG0007832228000007.jpg10123 is a value determined based on the higher-level parameter deltaMCS for the activated UL BWP b of the carrier wave f of serving cell c.

[0089] f b,f,c (i,l) is the PUSCH power control adjustment state for the PUSCH transmission opportunity i and the activated UL BWP b of the carrier wave f of the serving cell c.

[0090] 2.PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) power control

[0091] If a terminal transmits a PUCCH using an active UL BWP b of the carrier f of primary cell c with index l, the terminal will use the following [Equation 2] to determine the PUCCH transmission power P in the transmission occasion i. PUCCH,b,f,c (iq u ,q d It is possible to determine (l).

[0092]

number

[0093] Here, P CMAX,f,c (i) is the maximum output power for the carrier f of the primary cell c in the PUCCH transmission opportunity i configured on the terminal.

[0094] Also, P O_PUCCH,b,f,c (qu ) is component P O_NOMINAL_PUCCH and component P O_UE_PUCCH (q u It is a parameter composed of the sum of ).

[0095] At this time, P O_PUCCH,b,f,c (q u ) and P O_UE_PUCCH (q u The value of ) varies depending on the value of the higher-level signaling and / or whether or not there is higher-level signaling.

[0096] M RB,b,f,c PUCCH (i) is the number of Resource Blocks (RBs) for the Push transmission opportunity i at the active UL BWP b of the carrier wave f of the primary cell c, and the bandwidth for Push resource allocation expressed as Subcarrier Spacing (SCS).

[0097] PL b,f,c (q d ) is the reference signal index q for the activated DL BWP of the carrier wave f of the primary cell c. d This is an estimated value of the downlink path loss calculated in dB by the terminal using [a specific method / tool].

[0098] JPEG0007832228000009.jpg9103 is a PUCCH transmit power adjustment component for the activated DL BWP of the carrier wave f of primary cell c, which varies by PUCCH format.

[0099] JPEG0007832228000010.jpg1024 shows the PUCCH transmit power adjustment state for the activated DL BWP of the carrier wave f of primary cell c, which varies depending on the TPC (Transmission Power Control).

[0100] 3. SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) Power Control

[0101] The terminal can uniformly distribute power to the antenna ports configured for SRS transmission. When the terminal transmits SRS with the active UL BWP b of the carrier f of the serving cell c using the SRS power control adjustment state index l, the SRS transmission power in the SRS transmission opportunity i is determined as follows [Equation 3].

[0102]

number

[0103] Here, P CMAX,f,c (i) represents the maximum power that the terminal can output on the carrier wave f of the serving cell c in the SRS transmission opportunity i. O_SRS,b,f,c (q s ) is the SRS resource set q s This is obtained based on p0 for the active UL BWP b.

[0104] M SRS,b,f,c (i) represents the SRS bandwidth expressed as the number of resource blocks for SRS transmission opportunity i in the active BWP b. JPEG0007832228000012.jpg9117 is part of the SRS resource set q s And obtained by alpha for active UL BWP b. PL b,f,c (q d ) is the estimated dB value of the downlink path loss. In this case, the estimated dB value of the path loss is the RS resource index q for the active DL BWP of the serving cell. d and SRS resource set q s It is calculated using the RS resource index q. d is the SRS resource set q sProvided by the related higher-level parameter 'pathlossReferenceRS', 'pathlossReferenceRS' allows the terminal to obtain the SS / PBCH block index or CSI-RS resource index. If 'pathlossReferenceRS' is not received, the terminal uses the SS / PBCH block index obtained from the MIB (Master Information Block) as the RS resource, PL b,f,c (q d ) can be obtained.

[0105] It is represented as JPEG0007832228000013.jpg16127, The value of JPEG0007832228000014.jpg1094 is determined using a predetermined table. JPEG0007832228000015.jpg1297 is jointly coded with other TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands included in DCI format 2_3. JPEG0007832228000016.jpg1498 is determined based on the sum of TPC command values ​​included within a specific TPC command set.

[0106] Similar to Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) in existing 3GPP LTE systems, the 3GPP NR system also considers ways to utilize unlicensed bandwidth for cellular communication. However, unlike LAA, NR cells within the unlicensed bandwidth (hereinafter referred to as NR UCells) aim for standalone (SA) operation. As an example, NR UCells will support the transmission of PUCCH, PUSCH, and PRACH signals.

[0107] In LAA UL (Uplink), the introduction of the Asynchronous HARQ procedure means there is no separate channel like PHICH (Physical HARQ Indicator Channel) to inform terminals of HARQ-ACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request-acknowledgement / Negative-acknowledgement) information for PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel). Therefore, accurate HARQ-ACK information cannot be used to adjust the size of the Contention Window (CW) in the UL LBT process. Consequently, in the UL LBT process, when a UL grant is received in the nth subframe, the first subframe of the most recent UL TX burst prior to the (n-3)th subframe is set as the Reference Subframe, and the size of the Contention Window is adjusted based on the NDI for the HARQ process ID corresponding to the Reference Subframe. In other words, when a base station toggles an NDI (New Data Indicator) for one or more transmit blocks (TB) or instructs a retransmission for one or more transmit blocks, assuming that the PUSCH in the reference subframe failed to transmit due to a collision with another signal, the size of the relevant competition window is increased to the next largest competition window size in the set of pre-agreed competition window sizes, or, assuming that the PUSCH in the reference subframe was transmitted successfully without a collision with another signal, the size of the competition window is set to the minimum value (e.g., CW). min A method has been introduced to initialize it to ).

[0108] In NR systems to which various embodiments of this disclosure can be applied, up to 400 MHz of frequency resources are allocated / supported for each component carrier (CC). If a UE operating with such a wideband CC always keeps the RF (radio frequency) module for the entire CC on, the UE's battery consumption will be high.

[0109] Alternatively, when considering multiple use cases operating within a single broadband CC (e.g., eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband), URLLC, mMTC (massive machine type communication)), different pneumatics (e.g., subcarrier spacing) are supported for each frequency band within that CC.

[0110] Alternatively, each UE may have different capabilities for achieving the maximum bandwidth.

[0111] Considering this situation, the base station instructs / configures the UE to operate only on a portion of the broadband CC's bandwidth, not the entire bandwidth. Here, the portion of the bandwidth is defined by the bandwidth part (BWP).

[0112] A BWP consists of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) on the frequency axis, and one BWP corresponds to one pneumatic (e.g., subcarrier interval, CP length, slot / minislot interval, etc.).

[0113] Figure 4 shows an example of a wireless communication system that supports unlicensed bandwidth applicable to this disclosure.

[0114] In the following explanation, a cell operating in the licensed band (hereinafter referred to as L-band) is defined as an L-cell, and the carrier of an L-cell is defined as (DL / UL)LCC. Similarly, a cell operating in the unlicensed band (hereinafter referred to as U-band) is defined as a U-cell, and the carrier of a U-cell is defined as (DL / UL)UCC. The cell's carrier / carrier-frequency refers to the cell's operating frequency (e.g., center frequency). The cell / carrier (e.g., CC) is collectively referred to as the cell.

[0115] As shown in Figure 4(a), when a terminal and a base station transmit and receive signals using carrier-coupled LCC and UCC, the LCC is set to PCC (Primary CC) and the UCC is set to SCC (Secondary CC). As shown in Figure 4(b), the terminal and base station transmit and receive signals using one UCC or multiple carrier-coupled UCCs. That is, the terminal and base station can transmit and receive signals using only UCC(s) without LCC. For standalone operation, UCell supports PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS transmission, etc.

[0116] The signal transmission and reception operations in the unlicensed band described herein are performed based on all of the above-mentioned deployment scenarios (unless otherwise specified).

[0117] Unless otherwise specified, the following definitions apply to the terms used in this specification.

[0118] - Channel: A series of R&Bs in a shared spectrum where channel connection processes are performed, and refers to a carrier wave or a part of a carrier wave.

[0119] -Channel Access Procedure (CAP): This is a procedure that evaluates channel availability based on sensing in order to determine whether other communication nodes are using the channel before transmitting a signal. The basic unit for sensing is T slThis is a sensing slot with a duration of 9us. The base station or terminal senses the channel during the sensing slot interval, and the power detected within the sensing slot interval for at least 4us is the energy detection threshold X. Thresh If smaller, sensing slot interval T sl It is considered to be in a dormant state. Otherwise, sensing slot interval T sl =9us is considered a busy state. CAP is also called LBT (Listen-Before-Talk).

[0120] -Channel occupancy: This refers to the corresponding transmission on the channel by the base station / terminal after the channel connection procedure has been completed.

[0121] - Channel Occupancy Time (COT): This refers to the total time that a base station / terminal and any other base stations / terminals sharing the channel can transmit on the channel after the base station / terminal has performed the channel connection procedure. When determining COT, if the transmit gap is 25us or less, the gap period is also counted in the COT.

[0122] Furthermore, COT is shared for transmission between the base station and the compatible terminal.

[0123] Specifically, sharing UE-initiated COT with the base station means that a portion of the channel occupied by the terminal is transferred to the base station via a Random back-off counter-based LBT (e.g., CAT-3 LBT or CAT-4 LBT). The base station then utilizes the timing gap that occurs between the time the terminal completes UL transmission and the start of DL transmission to perform LBT (e.g., CAT-1 LBT or CAT-2 LBT) without a random back-off counter. After the LBT is successful and it is confirmed that the channel is idle, the base station uses the remaining terminal COT to perform DL transmission.

[0124] On the other hand, sharing gNB-initiated COT with a terminal means that the base station transfers a portion of the channel it occupies to the terminal via a Random back-off counter-based LBT (e.g., CAT-3 LBT or CAT-4 LBT), and the terminal uses the timing gap that occurs between the time the base station completes DL transmission and the start of UL transmission to perform LBT (e.g., CAT-1 LBT or CAT-2 LBT) without a random back-off counter. Once the LBT is successful and it is confirmed that the channel is idle, the terminal uses the remaining base station COT to perform UL transmission. This process is referred to as the terminal and base station sharing COT.

[0125] -DL transmit burst: Defined by a set of transmissions from a base station that do not have gaps exceeding 16us. Transmissions from base stations separated by gaps exceeding 16us are considered individual DL transmit bursts. Base stations do not sense channel availability within a DL transmit burst and transmit after the gap.

[0126] -UL transmit burst: Defined by a set of transmits from a terminal with no gaps exceeding 16us. Transmits from a terminal separated by gaps exceeding 16us are considered individual UL transmit bursts. The terminal does not sense channel availability within a UL transmit burst and transmits after the gap.

[0127] -Detection Burst: Refers to a DL transmit burst that is limited to a (time) window and associated with a duty cycle, and includes a set of signals and / or channels. In LTE-based systems, a detection burst includes PSS, SSS and CRS (cell-specific RS) as a base station-initiated transmit, and further includes a non-zero-power CSI-RS. In NR-based systems, a detection burst includes at least an SS / PBCH block as a base station-initiated transmit, and further includes a CORESET for a PDCCH scheduling a PDSCH with SIB1, a PDSCH carrying SIB1 and / or a non-zero-power CSI-RS.

[0128] Figure 5 illustrates how to occupy resources in unlicensed bandwidth applicable to this disclosure.

[0129] Referring to Figure 5, communication nodes in an unlicensed band (e.g., base stations, terminals) need to determine whether other communication nodes are using the channel before transmitting a signal. To do this, communication nodes in an unlicensed band perform a channel connection process (CAP) to connect to the channel on which transmission will take place. The channel connection process is performed based on sensing. For example, before transmitting a signal, a communication node first performs CS (Carrier Sensing) to check whether other communication nodes are transmitting a signal. If it is determined that other communication nodes are not transmitting a signal, this is defined as a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) being confirmed. A CCA threshold (e.g., X) has already been defined or set by a higher layer (e.g., RRC). Thresh If a CAP is present, the communication node determines the channel state to be busy if it detects energy higher than the CCA threshold in the channel, and idle otherwise. When the channel state is determined to be idle, the communication node begins transmitting signals in the unlicensed band. CAP can be used interchangeably with LBT.

[0130] Table 4 illustrates NR-U-supported channel connection processes (CAPs) applicable to this disclosure.

[0131] [Table 4]

[0132] In wireless communication systems supporting unlicensed bands, a single cell (or carrier (e.g., CC)) or BWP configured at a terminal is a broadband with a larger BW (BandWidth) than existing LTE. However, the BW is limited based on regulations, etc., which require CCA based on independent LBT operation. If we define an LBT-SB as a subband (SB) where individual LBT is performed, then a single broadband cell / BWP contains multiple LBT-SBs. The RB sets that constitute an LBT-SB are configured by higher-level (e.g., RRC) signaling. Therefore, based on (i) the BW of the cell / BWP and (ii) the RB set allocation information, a single cell / BWP contains one or more LBT-SBs. A cell (or carrier) BWP contains multiple LBT-SBs. An LBT-SB has, for example, a 20 MHz bandwidth. An LBT-SB consists of multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and is also called a (P)RB set.

[0133] On the other hand, the terminal performs a Type 1 or Type 2 CAP for uplink signal transmission in the unlicensed band. Generally, the terminal performs a CAP (e.g., Type 1 or Type 2) set by the base station for uplink signal transmission. For example, the terminal's CAP type indication information is included in the UL grant (e.g., DCI format 0_0, 0_1) that schedules the PUSCH transmission.

[0134] In Type 1 UL CAP, the length of the time interval spanned by the pause and sensed sensing slots before transmission is random. Type 1 UL CAP applies to the following transmissions:

[0135] - Scheduling and / or (configured) PUSCH / SRS transmission from base station.

[0136] - PUCCH transmission scheduled and / or configured from the base station

[0137] - RAP (Random Access Procedure) related transmissions

[0138] Figure 6 illustrates a Type 1 CAP operation among the terminal channel connection procedures for uplink and / or downlink signal transmission in the unlicensed band applicable to this disclosure.

[0139] First, referring to Figure 6, we will explain uplink signal transmission in the unlicensed bandwidth.

[0140] First, the terminal has a delay interval (defer duration) T d During the sensing slot interval, the system senses whether the channel is in a dormant state, and then, when counter N becomes 0, it transmits (S934). At this time, counter N is adjusted by sensing the channel during the additional sensing slot interval according to the following procedure.

[0141] Step 1) (S620) N = N init Set to N init 0 to CW p These are random values ​​evenly distributed among them. Next, we move on to step 4.

[0142] Step 2) (S640) If N > 0 and the terminal chooses to decrease the counter, set N = N-1.

[0143] Step 3) (S650) Sensing the channel during the additional sensing slot interval. If the additional sensing slot interval is idle (Y), proceed to step 4. Otherwise (N), proceed to step 5.

[0144] Step 4) (S630) If N=0 (Y), terminate the CAP procedure (S632). Otherwise (N), proceed to step 2.

[0145] Step 5) (S660) Additional delay section T d A busy sensing slot is detected within the system, or an additional delay interval T is entered. d The channel is sensed until all sensing slots within the device are detected as idle.

[0146] Step 6) (S670) Additional delay section T d If the channel is paused and sensed during all sensing slot intervals (Y), proceed to step 4. Otherwise (N), proceed to step 5.

[0147] Table 5 shows the m applied to CAP by channel connection priority class. p This illustrates how the minimum CW, maximum CW, maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT), and allowed CW sizes can change.

[0148] [Table 5]

[0149] Delayed section T d Section T f (16us)+m p A series of consecutive sensing slot intervals T sl It is composed in the order of (9us). f The sensing slot section T is at the start of the 16us interval. sl Includes CW min,p ≤CW p ≤CW max,p That is. CW p is CW p =CW min,p It is set to and updated to step 1 or earlier based on the explicit / implicit received response to a previous UL burst (e.g., PUSCH) (CW size update). For example, CW p Based on the explicit / implicit received response to the previous UL burst, CW min,pIt is either initialized to a certain value, increased to the next highest allowed value, or the existing value is maintained.

[0150] In a Type 2 UL CAP, the length of the time interval spanned by the sensing slots that paused and sensed before transmission is deterministic. Type 2 UL CAPs are classified into Type 2A / 2B / 2C UL CAPs. In a Type 2A UL CAP, the terminal has at least a sensing interval T short_dl Transmission occurs immediately after the channel is sensed to be idle within 25us. Here, T short_dl It consists of one sensing slot interval immediately following interval Tf (=16us). In Type 2A UL CAP, T f The sensing slot is included at the start of the interval. In Type 2B UL CAP, the terminal is in sensing interval T f Transmit immediately after the channel is sensed to be idle for 16us. In Type 2B UL CAP, T f The sensing slot is included within the last 9us of the interval. In Type 2C UL CAP, the terminal does not sense the channel before transmitting.

[0151] For a terminal to transmit uplink data in an unlicensed band, the base station must first successfully perform a Limit Break Test (LBT) for UL grant transmission on the unlicensed band, and the terminal must also successfully perform a LBT for UL data transmission. In other words, UL data transmission cannot be attempted unless both LBTs at the base station and terminal ends are successful. Furthermore, in LTE systems, a minimum delay of 4 msec is required between a UL grant and scheduled UL data. During this time, other transmitting nodes coexisting in the unlicensed band may prioritize connection, potentially delaying the scheduled UL data transmission. For these reasons, methods to improve the efficiency of UL data transmission in unlicensed bands are being discussed.

[0152] NR supports configured grant types 1 and 2, where the base station configures time, frequency, and code-domain resources at the terminal using higher-level signals (e.g., RRC signaling) or a combination of higher-level signals and L1 signals (e.g., DCI) to support UL transmission with relatively high reliability and low latency. The terminal can perform UL transmission using resources configured in type 1 or type 2 without receiving a UL grant from the base station. In type 1, the configured grant period, SFN=0 offset, time / frequency resource allocation, repetition count, DMRS parameters, MCS / TBS, and power control parameters are all configured solely by higher-level signals such as RRC, without L1 signals. In type 2, the configured grant period and power control parameters are configured by higher-level signals such as RRC, while information regarding the remaining resources (e.g., initial transmission timing offset and time / frequency resource allocation, DMRS parameters, MCS / TBS, etc.) is indicated by the activation DCI, which is an L1 signal.

[0153] The biggest difference between LTE LAA's AUL and NR's configured grant lies in the method of sending HARQ-ACK feedback for pushes sent by the terminal without an UL grant, and the presence or absence of a UCI sent along with the push. In NR configured grant, the HARQ process is determined using an equation of symbol index, period, and number of HARQ processes, while in LTE LAA, HARQ-ACK feedback information is explicitly sent via AUL-DFI (downlink feedback information). In addition, LTE LAA sends a UCI containing information such as HARQ ID, NDI, and RV along with each AUL push via AUL-DFI. Furthermore, in NR configured grant, the UE is identified based on the time / frequency resources and DMRS resources used by the terminal to send the push, while in LTE LAA, the terminal is identified by the UE ID explicitly included in the AUL-DFI sent along with the push and DMRS resources.

[0154] The following explanation of downlink signal transmission in the unlicensed band will be given with reference to Figure 6.

[0155] The base station performs one of the following channel connection processes (CAP) to transmit downlink signals in the unlicensed band:

[0156] (1) Type 1 Downlink (DL) CAP Method

[0157] In Type 1 DL CAP, the length of the time interval spanned by the pause and sensed sensing slots before transmission is random. Type 1 DL CAP applies to the following transmissions:

[0158] -(i) a unicast PDSCH having user plane data, or (ii) a base station initiated transmission including a unicast PDSCH having user plane data and a unicast PDCCH scheduling user plane data,

[0159] - A base station initiated transmission having (i) only a detection burst, or (ii) a detection burst multiplexed with non-unicast information.

[0160] Referring to Figure 6, first the base station has a delay interval (defer duration) T d During the sensing slot interval, the system senses whether the channel is in a dormant state, and then, when counter N becomes 0, it transmits (S634). At this time, counter N is adjusted by sensing the channel during the additional sensing slot interval according to the following procedure:

[0161] Step 1) (S620) N = N init Set to N init 0 to CW p These are random values ​​evenly distributed among them. Next, we move on to step 4.

[0162] Step 2) (S640) If N > 0 and the base station chooses to decrease the counter, set N = N-1.

[0163] Step 3) (S650) Sensing the channel during the additional sensing slot interval. If the additional sensing slot interval is idle (Y), proceed to step 4. Otherwise (N), proceed to step 5.

[0164] Step 4) (S630) If N=0 (Y), terminate the CAP procedure (S632). Otherwise (N), proceed to step 2.

[0165] Step 5) (S660) Additional delay section Td either a busy sensing slot is detected within, or the channel is sensed until all sensing slots within an additional delay period T d are detected as idle.

[0166] Step 6) (S670) Additional delay period T d If (Y) the channel is sensed as idle during all sensing slot intervals of the additional delay period T, move to Step 4. Otherwise (N), move to Step 5.

[0167] Table 6 illustrates that m p , the minimum contention window (CW), the maximum CW, the maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT), and the allowed CW sizes vary according to the channel connection priority class.

[0168]

Table 6

[0169] Delay period T d is composed of the period T f (16 us) + m p consecutive sensing slot periods T sl (9 us) in that order. T f includes a sensing slot period T sl at the start of the 16 us period.

[0170] CW min,p ≤ CW p ≤ CW max,p holds. CW p is set to CW p = CW min,p and is updated prior to Step 1 based on the HARQ-ACK feedback (e.g., ACK or NACK ratio) for the previous DL burst (e.g., PDSCH) (CW size update). For example, CW pBased on HARQ-ACK feedback to previous DL bursts, CW min,p It is either initialized to a certain value, incremented to the next highest allowed value, or retained at its existing value.

[0171] (2) Type 2 Downlink (DL) CAP Method

[0172] In a Type 2 DL CAP, the length of the time interval spanned by the pause and sensed slots before transmission is deterministic. Type 2 DL CAPs are classified into Type 2A / 2B / 2C DL CAPs.

[0173] Type 2A DL CAP applies to the following transmissions. In Type 2A DL CAP, the base station must have at least sensing section T short_dl Transmit immediately after the channel is sensed to be idle for 25us. Here, T short_dl Section T f It consists of one sensing slot interval immediately following (=16us). Tf includes the sensing slot at the beginning of the interval.

[0174] - (i) a base station initiated transmission having only a detection burst, or (ii) a detection burst multiplexed with non-unicast information,

[0175] - Base station transmissions after a 25us gap following a terminal transmission within a shared channel occupancy.

[0176] Type 2B DL ​​CAP is applicable to transmissions made by the base station after a 16us gap following a terminal transmission within the shared channel occupancy time. In Type 2B DL ​​CAP, the base station is T f Transmit immediately after the channel is sensed to be idle within 16us. fThe sensing slot is included within the last 9us of the interval. Type 2C DL CAP is applicable to transmissions made by the base station up to 16us after the terminal transmission within the shared channel occupancy time. In Type 2C DL CAP, the base station does not sense the channel before transmitting.

[0177] In wireless communication systems supporting unlicensed bands, a single cell (or carrier (e.g., CC)) or BWP configured in a terminal consists of a broadband with a larger BW (Bandwidth) than existing LTE. However, due to regulations, the BW that requires CCA based on independent LBT operation may be limited. If we define a subband (SB) where individual LBT is performed as an LBT-SB, then a single broadband cell / BWP contains multiple LBT-SBs. The RB sets that constitute an LBT-SB are configured by higher-level (e.g., RRC) signaling. Therefore, based on (i) the BW of the cell / BWP and (ii) the RB set allocation information, a single cell / BWP contains one or more LBT-SBs.

[0178] Figure 10 illustrates a case where multiple LBT-SBs are included within the unlicensed bandwidth.

[0179] Referring to Figure 7, the BWP of a cell (or carrier wave) contains multiple LBT-SBs. An LBT-SB has, for example, a 20 MHz bandwidth. An LBT-SB consists of multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and is also called a (P)RB set. Although not shown in the figure, guard bands (GBs) may be included between LBT-SBs. Therefore, the BWP is structured in the form of {LBT-SB#0(RB set#0)+GB#0+LBT-SB#1(RB set#1+GB#1)+...+LBT-SB#(K-1)(RB set(#K-1))}. For convenience, the LBT-SB / RB index is set / defined to increase from lower frequency bands to higher frequency bands.

[0180] Method for determining the ED (Energy Detection) threshold

[0181] When a terminal makes a channel connection such as LBT (Listen-Before-Talk) (or CCA (Clear Channel Assessment)) for UL transmission, the ED threshold (X Thresh ) is the maximum ED threshold (X Thresh_max Set to a value equal to or lower than ).

[0182] Here, if the higher-level parameter 'maxEnergyDetectionthreshold' is set on the terminal, X Thresh_max This is set to the 'maxEnergyDetectionthreshold' value.

[0183] If the higher-level parameter 'maxEnergyDetectionthreshold' is not set, the terminal will be X' Thresh_max Determine the value.

[0184] If the higher-level parameter 'energyDetectionthresholdOffset' is set on the device, X Thresh_max X' is determined by the offset value indicated by 'energyDetectionthresholdOffset'. Thresh_max It is set by adjusting the settings.

[0185] If the higher-level parameter 'energyDetectionthresholdOffset' is not set on the device, X Thresh_max is X' Thresh_max It will be set to this.

[0186] Here, X' Thresh_max When the higher-level parameter 'absenceOfAnyOhterTechnology' is set, min(T max +10dB,X r ) is determined by this. At this time, X r If it is defined in the Regulatory Requirement, you can use that value. Otherwise, X r =Tmax Use +10dB.

[0187] On the other hand, if the higher-level parameter 'absenceOfAnyOhterTechnology' is not set, then X' Thresh_max The result is determined as shown in the following number 4.

[0188]

number

[0189] Here, T A =10dB, P H =23dBm, P TX This value is based on the terminal's maximum output power (Maximum UE output Power). The image is JPEG0007832228000021.jpg19170. Here, BWMHz refers to the channel bandwidth.

[0190] Furthermore, if the higher-level parameter 'absenceOfAnyOhterTechnology' is not set, and the higher-level parameter 'ul-toDL-COT-SharingED-threshold' is set on the terminal, the base station will determine its transmit power based on the value of 'ul-toDL-COT-SharingED-threshold'.

[0191] Furthermore, if the terminal performs a Type 1 CAP (Channel Access Procedure) (for example, Cat-3 LBT or Cat-4 LBT) and the UL transmission does not include CG-UCI (Configured Grant-Uplink Control Information), or if the UL transmission includes CG-UCI and it is indicated that COT (Channel Occupancy Time) sharing is available, then X Thresh_max This is set to be equal to the value of 'ul-toDL-COT-SharingED-threshold'.

[0192] On the other hand, NR systems consider a massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) environment where the number of transmitting / receiving antennas increases significantly. That is, considering a massive MIMO environment increases the number of transmitting / receiving antennas to tens or hundreds or more. Meanwhile, NR systems support communication in the 6 GHz band and above, i.e., the millimeter frequency band. However, because the millimeter frequency band uses a very high frequency band, it has a frequency characteristic in which signal attenuation with distance is abrupt. Therefore, in NR systems using a band of at least 6 GHz and above, beamforming techniques are used to concentrate signal energy in a specific direction rather than omnidirectionally in order to compensate for the abrupt radio wave attenuation characteristics. In large-scale MIMO environments, a hybrid beamforming technique is required that combines analog beamforming and digital beamforming techniques, depending on the position where the beamforming weight vector / precoding vector is applied, in order to reduce the complexity of hardware implementation, increase performance using multiple antennas, provide flexibility in resource allocation, and facilitate beam control for each frequency.

[0193] Figure 8 shows an example of a block diagram of the transmitting and receiving ends for hybrid beamforming.

[0194] As a method for forming a narrow beam in the millimeter frequency band, beamforming techniques are primarily considered, where the same signal is transmitted from a BS or UE to multiple antennas using appropriate phase differences, resulting in high energy in only specific directions. Such beamforming techniques include digital beamforming, which forms a phase difference in the digital baseband signal; analog beamforming, which forms a phase difference using a time delay (i.e., cyclic transition) in the modulated analog signal; and hybrid beamforming, which utilizes both digital and analog beamforming. If each antenna element has a transceiver unit (TXRU) that allows for transmission power and phase adjustment, independent beamforming for each frequency resource becomes possible. However, providing TXRUs for all 100+ antenna elements is not cost-effective. In other words, the millimeter frequency band requires the use of numerous antennas to compensate for the abrupt attenuation characteristics of radio waves, and digital beamforming requires as many RF components (e.g., digital-to-analog converters (DACs), mixers, power amplifiers, linear amplifiers, etc.) as there are antennas. Therefore, implementing digital beamforming in the millimeter frequency band increases the cost of communication equipment. Consequently, when many antennas are needed, such as in the millimeter frequency band, analog beamforming or hybrid beamforming methods are considered. Analog beamforming maps multiple antenna elements to a single TXRU and adjusts the beam direction with an analog phase shifter. Such analog beamforming methods form only one beam direction across the entire band, and have the disadvantage of not being able to perform frequency-selective beamforming (BF). Hybrid BF is an intermediate form between digital BF and analog BF, and is a method that has B TXRUs, which is fewer than Q antenna elements.In the case of a hybrid BF, although there are differences depending on the connection method of the B TXRUs and Q antenna elements, the number of beam directions that can be transmitted simultaneously is limited to B or less.

[0195] Beam management (BM)

[0196] The BM process is the process of obtaining and maintaining a set of BS (or transmission and reception point, TRP) and / or UE beams usable for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmission / reception, and includes the following processes and terms:

[0197] - Beam measurement: An operation in which a beamforming system (BS) or beamforming equipment (UE) measures the characteristics of the beamforming signal it has received.

[0198] - Beam determination: The process by which the BS or UE selects its own transmit beam (Tx beam) / receive beam (Rx beam).

[0199] - Beam sweeping: An operation that uses transmitted and / or received beams to cover a spatial domain over a specified time interval using a predetermined method.

[0200] - Beam report: An operation in which the UE reports information about the beamformed signal based on beam measurements.

[0201] The beam metering (BM) process is divided into (1) DL BM processes using SSB or CSI-RS, and (2) UL BM processes using SRS (Sounding reference signal). Each BM process also includes Tx beam sweeping to determine the Tx beam and Rx beam sweeping to determine the Rx beam.

[0202] In this case, the DLBM process includes (1) transmission of beamformed DL RS (e.g., CSI-RS or SSB) by BS, and (2) beam reporting by UE.

[0203] Here, the beam report includes the preferred DL RS ID and its corresponding reference signal received power (RSRP). The DL RS ID is either an SSBRI (SSB Resource Indicator) or a CRI (CSI-RS Resource Indicator).

[0204] 2. DL BM-related beam indication

[0205] The UE receives a list via RRC signaling of at least M candidate Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states for a Quasi Co-location (QCL) instruction, where M is 64 and depends on the UE's capabilities.

[0206] Each TCI state is set with one set of reference signals (RS). Table 7 shows an example of a TCI-State IE. A TCI-State IE is associated with a quasi co-location (QCL) type corresponding to one or two DL reference signals (RS).

[0207] [Table 7]

[0208] In Table 7, 'bwp-Id' indicates the DL BWP on which the RS is located, 'cell' indicates the carrier on which the RS is located, and 'referencesignal' indicates a reference antenna port or reference signal containing it that is a similar co-location source with respect to the target antenna port. The target antenna port is CSI-RS, PDCCH DMRS, or PDSCH DMRS.

[0209] 3. QCL (Quasi-Co Location)

[0210] The UE receives a list containing up to M TCI-state settings in order to decode the PDSCH with the detected PDCCH which has an intended DCI for the UE and a given cell, where M depends on the UE's capability.

[0211] As illustrated in Table 7, each TCI-State includes parameters for establishing a QCL relationship between one or two DL RSs and the DM-RS ports of the PDSCH. The QCL relationship is established with the RRC parameter qcl-Type1 for the first DL RS and qcl-Type2 (if set) for the second DL RS.

[0212] The QCL type corresponding to each DL RS is given by the parameter 'qcl-Type' in QCL-Info, and is one of the following:

[0213] -'QCL-TypeA':{Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}

[0214] -'QCL-TypeB':{Doppler shift, Doppler spread}

[0215] -'QCL-TypeC':{Doppler shift, average delay}

[0216] -'QCL-TypeD':{Spatial Rx parameter}

[0217] For example, if the target antenna port is a specific NZP CSI-RS, that NZP CSI-RS antenna port is instructed / configured to be QCL-Type A with a specific TRS and QCL-Type D with a specific SSB. Upon receiving such instruction / configuration, the UE receives the NZP CSI-RS using the Doppler and delay values ​​measured on the QCL-Type A TRS and applies the received beam used for QCL-Type D SSB reception to the NZP CSI-RS.

[0218] UL BM process

[0219] UL BM determines whether or not beam reciprocity (or beam correspondence) between the Tx beam and Rx beam is established through UE implementation. If the Tx beam-Rx beam correspondence is established in both the BS and UE, the UL beam pair can be matched using the DL beam pair. However, if the Tx beam-Rx beam correspondence is not established in either the BS or UE, a separate process for determining the UL beam pair is required, in addition to the determination of the DL beam pair.

[0220] Furthermore, even if both the BS and UE maintain beam compatibility, the BS can use the UL BM process to determine the DL Tx beam without requiring the UE to report its preferred beam.

[0221] UL BM is performed by beamforming UL SRS transmission, and whether or not UL BM is applied to an SRS resource set is set by the RRC parameter (Application). When the Application is set to 'BeamManagement (BM)', only one SRS resource is transmitted to each of multiple SRS resource sets at a given time instant.

[0222] One or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resource sets, which are set by (RRC parameter) SRS-ResourceSet, are set in the UE (by means of RRC signaling and the like). For each SRS resource set, K ≥ 1 SRS resources are set in the UE. Here, K is a natural number, and the maximum value of K is indicated by the SRS capability.

[0223] Similar to the DL BM, the UL BM process is also divided into UE Tx beam sweeping and BS Rx beam sweeping.

[0224] On the other hand, in the proposed method described later, a beam means an area for concentrating power in a specific direction and / or specific space to perform a specific operation (for example, LBT or transmission). In other words, the terminal or base station performs an operation such as LBT or transmission targeting a specific area (i.e., beam) corresponding to a specific space and / or specific direction. Therefore, each beam corresponds to each space and / or each direction. Also, in order for the terminal or base station to use each beam, it can use a spatial domain filter corresponding to each space and / or each direction. That is, one spatial domain filter corresponds to one or more beams, and the terminal or base station performs an operation such as LBT or transmission using the spatial domain filter corresponding to the beam (or space and / or direction) to be used.

[0225] For example, the terminal or base station performs LBT through the space and / or direction for the corresponding LBT beam using the spatial domain filter corresponding to the LBT beam, or performs DL / UL transmission through the space and / or direction for the corresponding Tx beam using the spatial domain filter corresponding to the Tx beam.

[0226] In the high-frequency band above 52.6 GHz, due to relatively larger path loss than in the low-frequency band, etc., omnidirectional LBT (hereinafter referred to as O-LBT) that performs LBT in all directions by a technique such as analog beamforming using a multiple antenna, and omnidirectional transmission and reception, as well as directional LBT (hereinafter referred to as D-LBT) that performs LBT only in a specific beam direction and directional transmission and reception are considered.

[0227] At this time, since there are differences in the area and direction in which O-LBT and D-LBT perform LBT, it is necessary to set the ED (Energy Detection) threshold (threshold) for determining the channel idle / busy by energy measurement to be different. Also, since LBT has directivity, when beams in different directions are multiplexed within the COT obtained by the success of D-LBT, or when DL / UL beams are used for DL / UL transmission and reception by DL / UL switching, the direction in which LBT is performed and the ED threshold are closely related, so appropriate setting of the ED threshold and multiplexing direction are required.

[0228] As a channel connection procedure for transmission in an unlicensed band, typically there is LBT (Listen-before-Talk). It is a mechanism that compares the interference level of the surroundings measured by a base station and / or terminal that transmits a signal with a specific threshold such as an ED threshold, and allows the transmission of the corresponding signal when the noise level is below a certain level to prevent transmission collisions.

[0229] Figure 9 shows an example of directional LBT and omnidirectional LBT.

[0230] Figure 9(a) shows directional LBT including LBT in a specific beam direction and / or LBT in units of beam groups, and Figure 9(b) shows omnidirectional LBT.

[0231] In existing NR-U systems (e.g., Rel-16 NR-U), as explained in Figure 9, the CAP (i.e., LBT) process is performed, and when it is determined that the channel is dormant, the DL / UL signal / channel is transmitted. On the other hand, in existing NR-U systems, the LBT bandwidth is matched with other RATs (e.g., Wi-Fi) to allow coexistence, and CAP (i.e., LBT) is performed in all directions. In other words, non-directional LBT is performed in existing NR-U systems.

[0232] However, Rel-17 NR-U, which transmits DL / UL signals / channels in a higher bandwidth than the unlicensed 7GHz band used in existing NR-U systems (e.g., bandwidth above 52.6GHz), utilizes D-LBT (Directional LBT), which concentrates energy in a specific beam direction, to overcome greater path loss than in the existing 7GHz band. In other words, Rel-17 NR-U can reduce path loss by using D-LBT to transmit DL / UL signals / channels to a wider coverage and improve efficiency for coexistence with other RATs (e.g., WiGig).

[0233] As shown in Figure 9(a), when a beam group consists of beams #1 to #5, performing LBT based on beams #1 to #5 is called beam group-based LBT. Performing LBT using any of the beams #1 to #5 (for example, beam #3) is called specific beam direction LBT. In this case, beams #1 to #5 may be continuous (or adjacent) beams or discontinuous (or not adjacent) beams. Furthermore, a beam group does not necessarily have to consist of multiple beams; a single beam may form a single beam group.

[0234] Figure 9(b) shows an omnidirectional LBT, where beams from all directions constitute a single beam group, and LBT is performed on a beam group basis. In other words, if beams from all directions—that is, beams from all directions that cover a specific sector in a cell—are included in a single beam group, this can also be considered an omnidirectional LBT.

[0235] In other words, in the high-frequency band, coverage is limited by considerable path loss. To overcome this coverage problem, multiple antenna techniques are utilized. For example, instead of omnidirectional transmission, narrow beam transmission can be performed, concentrating energy in a specific direction to transmit the signal.

[0236] In the high-frequency unlicensed band, it is necessary to consider beambase transmission in conjunction with channel connection procedures such as the LBT described above. For example, to perform directional LBT in a specific direction, a directional LBT (D-LBT) is performed only in that direction, or an LBT is performed on a beamgroup basis including the beam in the relevant direction, and transmission is initiated when the channel is deemed idle. Here, a beamgroup can include one or more beams, and can be extended to omnidirectional LBT (O-LBT) if beams from all directions are included.

[0237] As described above, beam-based transmission concentrates energy in a specific direction to transmit the signal, resulting in relatively less interference to surrounding base stations / terminals (excluding nodes located in the transmission direction) compared to omnidirectional transmission. In other words, beam-based transmission only interferes in a specific direction, so spectrum sharing occurs naturally. Therefore, under certain conditions, beam-based transmission can be used instead of LBT to increase channel connection opportunities and improve system performance.

[0238] Information about the beamgroup containing each beam and at least one beam within each beamgroup is set, and the CWS (Contention Window Size) and back-off counter values ​​are managed for each individual beam or beamgroup. Therefore, when performing LBT, events such as CWS reset / increase or back-off counter decrease may affect each beam and the beamgroup containing each beam. For example, if the feedback for data transmitted by LBT in a particular beam direction is NACK, and the CWS value for that beam direction increases, this increase in CWS will be reflected in the CWS managed by the beamgroup containing that beam, increasing the CWS value for the beamgroup. Conversely, even if the CWS value for a particular beam direction increases, it may not affect the beamgroup containing that beam, and the CWS value for the beamgroup may be managed independently. Also, as mentioned above, the Back-off counter values ​​managed for each beam or beamgroup may be managed individually or mutually dependent on each other.

[0239] Furthermore, beam-specific LBTs and beamgroup LBTs may be switched between each other under certain conditions. In the case of UL transmission, the base station specifies which of the two LBT types (i.e., beam-specific LBTs and beamgroup LBTs) to use. In the case of CG (Configured Grant) UL transmission, when configuring resources for transmitting a CG UL, the LBT type to be performed on each resource may also be configured. Also, if delay-sensitive data transmission is instructed along with an LBT to a specific beam direction, there is a possibility that the data cannot be transmitted due to an LBT failure. Therefore, multiple LBT opportunities to other beams within the beamgroup containing the beam in question can be provided to increase the chances of channel connection.

[0240] In this disclosure, the beam-specific LBT procedure or beamgroup-specific LBT procedure basically refers to a random back-off based Category-3 (Cat-3) or Category-4 LBT. Furthermore, the beam-specific LBT performs carrier sensing in a specific beam direction and compares it with the ED threshold. If the energy measured by carrier sensing is lower than the ED threshold, it is determined that the channel in that beam direction is dormant. If the energy measured by carrier sensing is higher than the ED threshold, it is determined that the channel in that beam direction is busy.

[0241] The beamgroup LBT procedure involves performing the aforementioned LBT procedure on all beam directions included in the beamgroup. If there is a beam in a specific direction (e.g., a representative beam) that is pre-set / designated within the beamgroup, the LBT procedure based on random back-off is performed on that beam as a representative, similar to multi-CC LBT. The remaining beams in the beamgroup undergo Category-1 (Cat-1) or Category-2 (Cat-2) LBT instead of random back-off, and a signal is transmitted upon successful LBT. In addition, in the beamgroup LBT procedure, it is also possible to perform the random back-off LBT procedure on the representative beam in accordance with national / regional regulations, and not perform LBT on the remaining beams in the beamgroup (no-LBT), with each remaining beam transmitting its own signal.

[0242] Before describing the proposed method, we classify the NR infrastructure channel access schemes applicable to unlicensed bandwidth as follows:

[0243] -Category 1 (Cat-1): Within the COT, immediately after the previous transmission ends, there is a short switching gap followed by the next transmission. This switching gap is shorter than a certain length (e.g., 3us) and includes the transceiver turnaround time. Cat-1 LBT corresponds to the Type 2C CAP described above.

[0244] -Category 2 (Cat-2): A back-off-less LBT method in which transmission is possible immediately if it is confirmed that the channel is idle during a specific time period immediately preceding transmission. Cat-2 LBT is subdivided by the length of the minimum sensing interval required for channel sensing immediately preceding transmission. For example, a Cat-2 LBT with a minimum sensing interval of 25us corresponds to the Type 2A CAP described above, and a Cat-2 LBT with a minimum sensing interval of 16us corresponds to the Type 2B CAP described above. The minimum sensing interval length is illustrative and may be shorter than 25us or 16us (e.g., 9us).

[0245] -Category 3 (Cat-3): A back-off LBT method with a fixed CWS, wherein the transmitting entity selects a random number N from 0 to the maximum contention window size (CWS) value (fixed) and decrements a counter value each time it is confirmed that the channel is idle, and transmission is possible when the counter value becomes 0.

[0246] - Category 4 (Cat-4): An LBT method with a variable CWS that backs off, in which the transmitting device selects a random number N from 0 to the maximum CWS value (variable), decreases the counter value each time it is confirmed that the channel is idle, and can transmit when the counter value reaches 0. However, if it receives feedback from the receiving side that the corresponding transmission has not been correctly received, the maximum CWS value increases to a value one level higher, and a random number is selected again from the increased CWS value to perform the LBT procedure again. Cat-4 LBT corresponds to the above-described Type 1 CAP.

[0247] The definition of QCL described in this disclosure follows any of the above-described definitions of QCL. Similarly, the QCL concept definition may be deformed into a form that can be assumed to be transmitted as if co-located (for example, a form in which the terminal can assume that the antenna ports are transmitting at the same transmission point) between antenna ports where the QCL assumption holds, and the idea of this disclosure includes such similar deformation examples. For the convenience of explanation in this disclosure, QCL-related definitions are used in a mixed manner.

[0248] According to the above definition, the terminal cannot assume the same large-scale channel properties between the corresponding antenna ports for "non-quasi-co-located (NQC) antenna ports". That is, in this case, a normal terminal receiver (UE receiver) must perform independent processing for each non-quasi-co-located (NQC) antenna port set for timing acquisition and tracking, frequency offset estimation and compensation, delay estimation, and Doppler estimation, etc. There is an advantage that the following operations of the terminal can be performed between antenna ports where QCL can be assumed.

[0249] Regarding delay spread and Doppler spread, the terminal can similarly apply the estimated power-delay-profile, delay spread, and Doppler spectrum, as well as the estimated Doppler spread for one antenna, to the Wiener filter used for channel estimation for other antenna ports.

[0250] Regarding frequency shift and received timing, the terminal can perform time and frequency synchronization for one antenna and then apply the same synchronization to demodulation for other antenna ports.

[0251] -Regarding average received power, the terminal can use the average of RSRP measurements across multiple antenna ports.

[0252] On the other hand, if beam reciprocity exists between the DL beam and the UL beam, either the procedure for determining the DL beam pair or the procedure for determining the UL beam pair can be omitted. This is also true when beam correspondence exists.

[0253] Here, beam reciprocity (or beam correspondence) means that in communication between a base station and a terminal, the base station's transmit beam and the base station's receive beam coincide, and the terminal's transmit beam and the terminal's receive beam coincide. Here, the base station's transmit beam and the base station's receive beam refer to the DL transmit beam (DL Tx beam) and DL receive beam (DL Rx beam), respectively, while the terminal's transmit beam and the terminal's receive beam refer to the UL transmit beam (UL Tx beam) and UL receive beam (UL Rx beam), respectively. Here, Tx beam refers to the transmit beam, and Rx beam refers to the reception beam.

[0254] It is preferable to configure all DL signals / channels (or UL signals / channels) contained in a single TX burst with signals / channels that have spatial (partial) QCL relationships for the following reasons: For example, when a base station transmits a TX burst consisting of a total of four slots after successfully performing an LBT as shown in Figure 10, it can transmit in the direction of beam A between three slots, and then transmit in the direction of beam C with the fourth slot.

[0255] However, while the base station transmits a signal in the direction of beam A, the Wi-Fi AP coexisting on the U-band cannot detect the signal being transmitted in the direction of beam A, and after determining that the channel is dormant, it successfully performs a Limit Break (LBT) and begins transmitting and receiving signals. At this time, if the base station transmits a signal in the direction of beam C from slot#k+3, it may interfere with the Wi-Fi signal in question. Thus, a base station that transmits on beam A may cause interference to other coexisting radio nodes by changing the beam direction and transmitting without additional LBT. Therefore, it is desirable that the base station does not change the transmission beam direction of the TX burst it transmits after successfully performing a LBT.

[0256] In NR systems, DL signals and UL signals are linked to signal the beam information used by the terminal during UL transmission and reception. For example, by linking a CSI-RS (Channel State Information-Reference Signal) resource and an SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) resource, if a terminal generates a beam direction with the relevant CSI-RS resource, when the SRS resource linked to that CSI-RS resource transmits an SRS (or when the SRS resource linked to that CSI-RS resource transmits a PUSCH scheduled by a signaled UL grant), the terminal transmits a UL signal using the transmit beam corresponding to the CSI-RS receive beam. In this case, the relationship between a specific receive beam and a specific transmit beam is actually set by the terminal if the terminal has beam correspondence capability. Alternatively, if the terminal does not have beam correspondence capability, the relationship between a specific receive beam and a specific transmit beam is set through training between the base station and the terminal.

[0257] Therefore, if an association relationship is defined between a DL signal and an UL signal, a COT supply is permitted between a DL TX burst composed of DL signals / channels that have a spatial (partial) QCL relationship with the DL signal in question, and an UL TX burst composed of UL signals / channels that have a spatial (partial) QCL relationship with the UL signal associated with the DL signal in question.

[0258] Here, UL signal / channel includes any of the following signals / channels:

[0259] -SRS(sounding RS), DMRS for PUCCH, DMRS for PUSCH, PUCCH, PUSCH and PRACH

[0260] Here, DL signal / channel includes any of the following signals / channels:

[0261] -PSS (primary synchronization signal), SSS (secondary SS), DMRS for PBCH, PBCH, TRS (tracking reference signal), or CSI-RS for tracking, CSI-RS for CSI acquisition and CSI-RS for RRM measurement, CSI-RS for beam management, DMRS for PDCCH, DMRS for PDSCH, PDCCH (or CORESET (control resource set) on which PDCCH is transmitted), PDSCH, and the above signals or variations of the above signals or newly introduced signals, placed before the TX burst and introduced for tracking or (fine) time / frequency synchronization or coexistence or power saving or frequency reuse factor = 1, etc.

[0262] On the other hand, each of the proposed methods described later can be combined and applied together, as long as they do not contradict the other proposed methods.

[0263] Before describing the proposed method of disclosure, we will describe the overall operational process of the terminals, base stations, and networks that embody this proposed method of disclosure.

[0264] Figures 11 to 13 illustrate the overall operation process of a terminal, base station, and network for sending and receiving uplink signals using the proposed method of this disclosure.

[0265] Figures 14 to 16 illustrate the overall operation process of a terminal, base station, and network for sending and receiving downlink signals using the proposed method of this disclosure.

[0266] Figure 11 illustrates the operation process of a terminal for transmitting an uplink signal using the proposed method of this disclosure.

[0267] Referring to Figure 11, the terminal determines the ED (Energy Detection) threshold based on at least one first UL signal (S1101). For example, the terminal determines the ED threshold based on at least one first UL signal and references at least one first UL signal to determine the ED threshold based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0268] The terminal performs LBT (Listen-Before-Talk) based on the ED threshold (S1103). In this case, LBT is performed based on D-LBT. For example, the relevant LBT is performed based on [Proposed Method #1]. However, it is not limited to [Proposed Method #1]; any method that multiple Tx beams are multiplexed and can transmit the UL signal on the relevant Tx beam can be used to perform LBT.

[0269] The terminal transmits at least one first UL signal and / or a second UL signal within the COT (Channel Occupancy Time) obtained by LBT. For example, at least one first UL signal and / or a second signal are determined and transmitted based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0270] Figure 12 illustrates the operation process of a base station for receiving an uplink signal using the proposed method of this disclosure.

[0271] The base station transmits first information for scheduling at least one first UL signal (S1201).

[0272] The base station transmits second information for scheduling the second UL signal (S1203).

[0273] For example, the transmission time of the first information for scheduling at least one first UL signal and / or the second information for scheduling a second UL signal is determined based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0274] The base station receives at least one first UL signal and / or a second UL signal (S1205). For example, the base station receives at least one first UL signal and / or a second UL signal based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0275] Figure 13 illustrates the operational process of a network for sending and receiving uplink signals using the proposed method in this disclosure.

[0276] The base station transmits first information to the terminal for scheduling at least one first UL signal (S1301).

[0277] The terminal determines the ED (Energy Detection) threshold based on at least one first UL signal (S1305). For example, the terminal determines the ED threshold based on at least one first UL signal and at least one first UL signal which is referenced to determine the ED threshold based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0278] The terminal performs LBT (Listen-Before-Talk) based on the ED threshold (S1307). In this case, LBT is performed based on D-LBT. For example, the relevant LBT is performed based on [Proposed Method #1]. However, it is not limited to [Proposed Method #1]; any method that multiple Tx beams are multiplexed and can transmit the UL signal on the relevant Tx beam can be used to perform LBT.

[0279] The terminal transmits at least one first UL signal and / or a second UL signal to the base station within the COT (Channel Occupancy Time) obtained by LBT. For example, at least one first UL signal and / or a second signal are determined and transmitted based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0280] Meanwhile, the base station transmits second information to the terminal for scheduling the second UL signal. For example, the base station transmits the second information to the terminal between the time the first information is transmitted and the time the terminal determines the ED threshold (S1303-1). Alternatively, the base station transmits the second information to the terminal before LBT is performed after determining the ED threshold, or while LBT is being performed (S1303-3). Alternatively, the base station transmits the second information to the terminal within the COT obtained by LBT (S1303-5). For example, the transmission and timing of the second information for scheduling the second UL signal are based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0281] Figure 14 illustrates the operation process of a terminal for receiving downlink signals using the proposed method in this disclosure.

[0282] The terminal receives information for scheduling DL signals (S1401). The terminal also receives DL signals based on this information (S1403). At this time, DL signals are received based on [Proposed Method #1].

[0283] Figure 15 illustrates the operation process of a base station for transmitting downlink signals using the proposed method in this disclosure.

[0284] The base station performs LBT (S1501) and transmits information for scheduling DL signals (S1503). For example, the base station performs LBT based on [Proposed Method #1].

[0285] The base station performs LBT for DL ​​signal transmission (S1505). For example, the base station performs LBT based on [Proposed Method #1]. However, if the DL signal is transmitted within the COT obtained by the LBT performed in a previous stage, the relevant stage is omitted, or an LBT that is not based on Random Back-off (e.g., Cat-1 LBT or Cat-2 LBT) is performed. The base station transmits the DL signal based on the relevant information (S1507).

[0286] Figure 16 illustrates the operation of a network for transmitting downlink signals using the proposed method in this disclosure.

[0287] The base station performs LBT (S1601) and transmits information to the terminal for scheduling DL signals (S1603). For example, the base station performs LBT based on [Proposed Method #1].

[0288] The base station performs LBT for DL ​​signal transmission (S1605). For example, the base station performs LBT based on [Proposed Method #1]. However, if the DL signal is transmitted within the COT obtained by the LBT performed in a previous stage, the relevant stage is omitted, or an LBT that is not based on Random Back-off (e.g., Cat-1 LBT or Cat-2 LBT) is performed. Based on the relevant information, the base station transmits the DL signal to the terminal (S1607).

[0289] [Proposed method #1]

[0290] This section describes a method for performing per-beam LBT (for example, performing Random Back-off Cat-3 LBT or Cat-4 LBT for each sensing beam) when a base station or terminal transmits multiple Tx beams using Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) within Channel Occupancy Time (COT), covering each of the directions and interference ranges of the multiplexed Tx beams. In this case, the Tx beams being TDMed may each have different directions, or some or all of the Tx beams may have the same direction. Similarly, each sensing beam may also have different directions, or some or all of the sensing beams may have the same direction.

[0291] On the other hand, in Examples #1-1 to #1-4, the reference time T for performing Cat-2 LBT again is either predetermined or determined by RRC. Here, T represents the reference time at which it is determined that the effectiveness of per-beam LBT for all Tx beams is guaranteed. For example, if the total time required for per-beam LBT for all Tx beams is less than (or less than or equal to) T, it means that the LBT results from the first Tx beam to the last Tx beam have been determined to be valid.

[0292] On the other hand, if the total time required for per-beam LBT for all Tx beams is greater than or equal to T (or exceeds T), it means that the validity of any of the LBT results from the first Tx beam to the last Tx beam cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, it means that it is necessary to reconfirm the presence or absence of channel downtime by performing LBT over at least a short interval (e.g., Cat-2 LBT).

[0293] 1. Example #1-1

[0294] If the total time required to perform per-beam LBT with multiple sensing beams is less than or equal to T, transmission can begin immediately after the per-beam LBT is successful, starting with the first Tx beam.

[0295] 2. Example #1-2

[0296] If the total time required to perform per-beam LBT with multiple sensing beams is greater than or equal to T (or exceeds T), immediately after a successful per-beam LBT, Cat-2 LBT can be performed again with a single wide beam or omnidirectional beam containing all Tx beams. Upon successful Cat-2 LBT, transmission can begin from the first Tx beam. For example, a single wide beam containing all Tx beams is a beam that covers all directions and interference regions of multiple Tx beams. That is, a single wide beam is a beam applied to all Tx beams. For example, a single wide beam is applied to all Tx beams in order to sense the direction and interference region of all Tx beams.

[0297] 3. Examples #1-3

[0298] If the total time required to perform per-beam LBT with multiple sensing beams is greater than or equal to T (or exceeds T), then if Cat-2 LBT is successfully performed with the sensing beam corresponding to the first Tx beam immediately after a successful per-beam LBT, transmission can begin with the first Tx beam. Additionally, each time a Tx beam switches, if Cat-2 LBT is successfully performed using the sensing beam corresponding to that Tx beam before transmission of that Tx beam, transmission of that Tx beam can begin.

[0299] 4. Examples #1-4

[0300] When the completion time of the last sensing beam to undergo per-beam LBT is defined as T1, any of the above-described examples #1-1 to #1-3 can be applied based on a comparison with the maximum value of T among the time differences between the completion times of each preceding sensing beam.

[0301] Here, the T-value is set / instructed in advance by the base station. Each sensing beam is either identical (in pattern and size) to a specific Tx beam, or a beam that includes the Tx beam (in pattern and size), and is wider than the Tx beam. Here, "identical to the pattern and size of the Tx beam" or "including the pattern and size of the Tx beam" means that it is identical to the beam direction and interference region of the Tx beam, or includes the beam direction and interference region of the Tx beam. For example, a sensing beam is applied to a specific beam and is intended to sense the space corresponding to the direction and interference region (i.e., the pattern and size of the Tx beam) of each Tx beam, and the sensing range must be larger than or equal to the direction and interference region (or pattern and size of the Tx beam) of the corresponding Tx beam. Also, in the above case, in order to sense multiple Tx beams, sensing can be performed using multiple sensing beams that are equal to or greater than the number of Tx beams. For example, multiple sensing beams and multiple Tx beams may have a one-to-one correspondence, or multiple sensing beams may have a many-to-one correspondence, where each sensing beam senses a single Tx beam.

[0302] Additionally, the terminal is pre-configured / indicated with a corresponding sensing beam for each Tx beam.

[0303] Examples #1-1 through #1-4 will be described in detail below.

[0304] When transmitting only in a specific beam direction, directional LBT (D-LBT) is performed on the specific sensing beam instead of omnidirectional LBT to obtain the COT for that beam direction.

[0305] However, if multiple Tx beams are transmitted after TDM within the obtained COT, a LBT covering the interference region of all Tx beams transmitted after TDM is required to acquire the COT. In this case, the COT can be acquired either by performing LBT with a single wide beam that covers the direction and interference region of all Tx beams multiplexed within the COT, or by performing per-beam LBT sequentially with individual sensing beams that cover the interference region of each Tx beam. In this case, the sensing beams that cover the interference region of each Tx beam are also subjected to TDM.

[0306] In this case, per-beam LBT using multiple sensing beams is performed in accordance with the order of the Tx beams transmitted in the COT. For example, after performing a Random Back-off-based Cat-3 LBT or Cat-4 LBT with the sensing beam corresponding to the first transmitted Tx beam, a Cat-3 or Cat-4 LBT can be performed with the sensing beam corresponding to the next Tx beam. In this case, the COT can be obtained after all per-beam LBTs are completed. At this time, the COT can be obtained only if all per-beam LBTs for all Tx beams are successful, or it is possible to obtain a COT only for Tx beams that successfully underwent LBT based on per-beam LBT.

[0307] If a COT is obtained for only Tx beams that have successfully undergone LBT, then the first Tx beam among those that have successfully undergone LBT is the first Tx beam to transmit immediately after achieving LBT by total time T in the embodiment described later, or the first Tx beam to perform additional Cat-2 LBT, and the order of transmitted Tx beams can be determined based only on Tx beams that have successfully undergone LBT.

[0308] For example, if LBT is performed on each of the eight Tx beams (e.g., Tx beam #0 to Tx beam #7), but only Tx beams #2, #3, #5, and #7 are successfully LBT'd, then the first Tx beam in the example described later will be Tx beam #2. If LBT is successful'd on all Tx beams, then the first Tx beam will be Tx beam #0.

[0309] On the other hand, when actually transmitting the first Tx beam, if a considerable amount of time has passed since the LBT was performed on the corresponding sensing beam, the LBT results will no longer be valid at the time of Tx beam transmission.

[0310] Therefore, depending on the total time T required for per-beam LBT, it is necessary to either transmit the first Tx beam immediately after a successful LBT, or perform additional Cat-2 LBTs before transmitting each Tx beam.

[0311] If the total time required for per-beam LBT across multiple sensing beams is less than or equal to T, transmission can be started sequentially from the first Tx beam immediately after successful per-beam LBT using Example #1-1. However, if the total time required for per-beam LBT across multiple sensing beams is greater than or equal to T, Cat-2 LBT can be performed again using a single wide beam or omnidirectional beam containing all Tx beams immediately after successful per-beam LBT using Example #1-2, and transmission can be started only if the Cat-2 LBT is successful.

[0312] Alternatively, if the total time required for per-beam LBT across multiple sensing beams is greater than or equal to T (or exceeds T), immediately after successful per-beam LBT according to Example #1-3, if Cat-2 LBT is performed on the sensing beam corresponding to the first Tx beam and is successful, transmission of the first Tx beam may be started. Each time a Tx beam switches, Cat-2 LBT may be performed on the sensing beam corresponding to that Tx beam before transmission of that Tx beam, and transmission in the direction of the corresponding Tx beam may be performed only if the Cat-2 LBT for each Tx beam is successful.

[0313] Here, the T-value, which determines whether additional LBT is necessary compared to the total time required for per-beam LBT, is pre-set / instructed by the base station. Furthermore, each sensing beam is either identical (in pattern and size) to the Tx beam corresponding to the sensing beam, or contains the Tx beam (in pattern and size) corresponding to the sensing beam, and is a wider beam than the Tx beam in question.

[0314] On the other hand, the terminal is pre-configured / instructed to have a corresponding sensing beam for each Tx beam.

[0315] In the above-described examples #1-1 to #1-3, the decision to start transmitting the Tx beam after the completion of the LBT is made based on comparing the total time required for per-beam LBT with a preset / specified T value. On the other hand, in example #1-4, the maximum value of the difference between the time when the LBT for each sensing beam is completed and the time when the LBT for the last sensing beam is completed is compared with a preset / specified T value, and either example #1-1 to #1-3 can be applied.

[0316] For example, if there are sensing beams 1 / 2 / 3 corresponding to Tx beams A / B / C, and T1 is defined as the time when all per-beam LBTs are completed, and the completion time of the last LBT for sensing beam 1 is T1 (i.e., assuming sensing beam 1 is the last sensing beam in per-beam LBT), the completion time of the LBT for sensing beam 2 is T2, and the completion time of the LBT for sensing beam 3 is T3, then the maximum value among T1-T2 and T2-T3 is compared with a T value set / instructed in advance by the base station. If it is less than or equal to the T value (or less than the T value), then Example #1-1 is performed; if it is greater than or equal to the T value (or greater than the T value), then Example #1-2 or Example #1-3 is applied to perform the channel connection procedure and beam-by-beam transmission.

[0317] According to the embodiment of [Proposed Method #1] described above, when multiple Tx beams are TDM, after LBT is completed for all beams, the beam direction that was first LBTed may have had a long time elapsed since the LBT (for example, it may have exceeded the effective time during which the LBT result can be expected to be effective). Therefore, another short LBT can be performed to increase the effectiveness of D-LBT and minimize collisions with transmissions from other terminals / base stations.

[0318] [Proposed method #2]

[0319] When a base station schedules consecutive UL transmissions to one or more terminals, resulting in multiple UL Tx beams being multiplexed and transmitted within the same COT, and the COT is obtained by setting the ED threshold (hereinafter, 'T_ref') based on the maximum EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) (hereinafter, 'P_max') of the Tx beams transmitted within the COT, or the average EIRP (hereinafter, 'P_avg') of the Tx beams transmitted within the COT, this section describes how to set the ED threshold based on the transmission power of one or more other UL transmissions transmitted within the remaining COT, and the LBT procedure.

[0320] For example, one or more other UL transmissions sent within the remaining COT are not UL transmissions that the terminal considered when calculating the ED threshold for acquiring the COT, but rather UL transmissions scheduled within the same COT as the UL transmissions that were considered in the calculation of the ED threshold. In other words, one or more other UL transmissions sent within the remaining COT are UL transmissions scheduled within the same COT that the terminal did not use to determine P_max or P_avg for calculating the ED threshold.

[0321] 1. Example #2-1

[0322] The maximum transmit power of UL transmissions sent within the remaining COT is set / limited to P_max or P_avg so as not to exceed the P_max or P_avg used to calculate the ED threshold for acquiring the first COT. For example, if one or more UL transmissions other than those involved in determining the P_max or P_avg used by the terminal to calculate the ED threshold for acquiring the COT (i.e., UL transmissions that do not involve determining the P_max or P_avg used in calculating the ED threshold) are scheduled within the same COT, the maximum transmit power of one or more of these UL transmissions will be limited to P_max or P_avg even if the maximum transmit power of one or more of these UL transmissions is set to exceed P_max or P_avg.

[0323] 2. Example #2-2

[0324] In order to use power greater than P_max or P_avg (hereinafter referred to as 'P_new') used to calculate the ED threshold T_ref for the initial COT acquisition for other UL transmissions sent with the remaining COT, a Cat-2 LBT is performed based on the ED threshold T_new calculated based on P_new (>P_max or P_avg). If the Cat-2 LBT is successful, other UL transmissions can be performed. In this case, T_new is a lower value than T_ref.

[0325] 3. Example #2-3

[0326] In order to use power greater than P_max or P_avg (hereinafter referred to as 'P_new') used to calculate the ED threshold T_ref for acquiring the initial COT for other UL transmissions sent in the remaining COT, Cat-3 or Cat-4 can be performed based on the ED threshold T_new calculated based on P_new (>P_max or P_avg) to start a new COT and perform other UL transmissions within the new COT. In this case, T_new is a lower value than T_ref.

[0327] 4. Example #2-4

[0328] If other UL transmissions sent with the remaining COT use a power level greater than P_max or P_avg used to calculate the ED threshold T_ref for acquiring the initial COT (hereinafter referred to as 'P_new'), then those other UL transmissions can be dropped.

[0329] The following provides a detailed explanation of Examples #2-1 to #2-4 of [Proposed Method #2].

[0330] For example, suppose a base station schedules UL#1, UL#2, and UL#3 transmissions consecutively within the same COT. If LBT is performed to obtain the COT before transmitting UL#1 and UL#2, the terminal will know whether UL#1 and UL#2 are scheduled and set the transmission power for UL#1 and UL#2, but it may not know whether UL#3 is scheduled or (even if it is scheduled) the transmission power for UL#3 may not have been set yet.

[0331] For example, three of the examples of the situations described above will be explained with reference to Figure 17. In the first example, as shown in Figure 17(a), DCI#1 and DCI#2 (or the same DCI or RRC configured) are received or decoded before the terminal calculates the ED threshold, and UL#1 and UL#2 corresponding to DCI#1 and DCI#2 (or the same DCI or RRC configured) are scheduled within the COT obtained after LBT, and the transmit power of UL#1 and UL#2 is obtained. On the other hand, UL#3 is scheduled by DCI#3 which is received or decoded after the start of COT, and the transmit power of UL#3 is not reflected in the calculation of the ED threshold and LBT.

[0332] In the second example, as shown in Figure 17(b), before the terminal calculates the ED threshold, DCI#1 and DCI#2 (or the same DCI or RRC configured) are received or decoded, and UL#1 and UL#2 corresponding to DCI#1 and DCI#2 (or the same DCI or RRC configured) are scheduled within the COT obtained after LBT, and the transmit power of UL#1 and UL#2 is obtained. On the other hand, UL#3 is received after LBT or scheduled by DCI#3 after decoding is completed, or the transmit power of UL#3 is obtained after LBT, and the transmit power of UL#3 is not reflected in the calculation of the ED threshold and LBT.

[0333] In the third example, as shown in Figure 17(c), the terminal receives DCI#1 and DCI#2 (or the same DCI or RRC configured) before calculating the ED threshold, or completes decoding and obtains UL#1 and UL#2 corresponding to DCI#1 and DCI#2 (or the same DCI or RRC configured) respectively within the COT obtained after LBT, and obtains the transmit power for UL#1 and UL#2. On the other hand, UL#3 is received after the terminal starts calculating the ED threshold or is scheduled by DCI#3 after decoding is completed, or the transmit power for UL#3 is obtained after the terminal starts calculating the ED threshold, and the transmit power for UL#3 is not reflected in the ED threshold calculation and LBT.

[0334] In the situation described above, the ED threshold is set based on the maximum EIRP (i.e., P_max) or the average EIRP (i.e., P_avg) of the Tx beams transmitted within the COT, and LBT is performed (i.e., channel idle / busy is evaluated) to obtain the COT. Therefore, other ULs transmitted in the remaining COT must be set / restricted so as not to exceed the P_max or P_avg used to calculate the ED threshold for obtaining the initial COT.

[0335] Therefore, as described in Example #2-1, the terminal can initiate a COT by applying an ED threshold calculated based on the maximum EIRP P_max or the average EIRP P_avg of the UL transmissions (e.g., UL#1 and UL#2) known to the terminal up to a specific time before the LBT, or the time when the terminal first performs an LBT. Subsequently, for other UL transmissions scheduled or for which transmit power has been obtained after the initiation of the COT, and / or other UL transmissions scheduled or for which transmit power has been obtained at a specific time after the terminal first performs an LBT, or at a specific time after the LBT, or for other UL transmissions scheduled or for which transmit power has been obtained after the time when the ED threshold is determined based on the transmit power information obtained for the LBT prior to the LBT (e.g., UL#3), it is necessary to limit the transmit power of these other UL transmissions so as not to exceed the P_max or P_avg used in the calculation of the initial ED threshold. For example, if the transmit power P_new set / instructed by the base station in UL#3 is higher than P_max or P_avg, the transmission of P_new will be restricted to only up to P_max or P_avg.

[0336] In other words, if P_new, the transmit power set / instructed to UL#3, is higher than P_max or P_avg, UL#3 will transmit at the transmit power of P_max or P_avg.

[0337] Here, assuming that the transmission time for each Tx beam within the COT is the same, the average EIRP is determined by dividing the sum of the EIRP values ​​of each Tx beam by the number of beams. For example, when the power within the COT changes in the order A1, A2, and A3, it is calculated as P_avg = {A1 + A2 + A3} / 3. Here, A1, A2, and A3 correspond to Tx beam #1, Tx beam #2, and Tx beam #3, respectively, and it is assumed that the time domain occupied by Tx beam #1, Tx beam #2, and Tx beam #3 within the COT is the same.

[0338] On the other hand, in the above illustration, in order to transmit UL#3 at a transmission power greater than P_max or P_avg of UL#1 and UL#2 used for calculating the ED threshold for the first COT acquisition, the methods of Example#2-2, Example#2-3 or Example#2-4 can be applied.

[0339] For example, when performing LBT using T_ref based on P_max or P_avg as the ED threshold to obtain the first COT, in order to transmit UL#3 at a transmission power P_new that is greater than P_max or P_avg, it is necessary to use T_new, which is an ED threshold relatively lower than T_ref, to more sensitively determine the idle / busy state of the channel.

[0340] Here, T_new is the ED threshold calculated based on P_new.

[0341] Also, as in Example#2-2, when the ED threshold is set to T_new (<T_ref) before transmitting UL#3 and Cat-2 LBT is successfully performed, UL#3 is transmitted within the first obtained COT.

[0342] Or, as in Example#2-3, separately from the COT obtained by T_ref based on the transmission powers of UL#1 and UL#2, a new LBT (for example, Cat-3 LBT or Cat-4 LBT) can be performed using T_new (<T_ref) calculated based on P_new for UL#3 having a greater transmission power of P_new to obtain a new COT. In this case, UL#3 is transmitted within the newly obtained COT.

[0343] Or, as in Example#2-4, when the transmission power P_new of UL#3 is greater than P_max or P_avg of UL#1 and UL#2 that have already been transmitted after the LBT procedure in the COT, a method of not transmitting UL#3 (that is, dropping UL#3) may be applied.

[0344] According to the embodiment of [Proposed Method #2] described above, if, after performing the operation to acquire a COT, the terminal performs LBT considering the EIRP of the UL signal that the terminal is expected to transmit within the COT at the time of LBT, even if other UL signals scheduled within the COT are recognized, interference to other base stations / terminals can be reduced by limiting the EIRP of those other UL signals, thereby achieving fair coexistence between different types of RATs.

[0345] [Proposed method #3]

[0346] The terminal's UL COT start time is T, and LBT is performed using an ED threshold calculated from the scheduled PUSCH and RRC configured UL signals and channels (e.g., CG-PUSCH, semi-static PUCCH / SRS, and / or semi-persistent PUSCH / PUCCH) included in the same UL COT, based on UL grants received before time (TK) (e.g., UL grants for PUSCH included in the same UL COT).

[0347] In this case, the value of K becomes {N2 + α} or {(the minimum value among the K2 values ​​set for the terminal) + α}. Here, the value of α is set to a different value for each terminal depending on the terminal's performance, or a specific value (for example, α = 0 symbol, 1 symbol, 0 slots, or 1 slot) is predefined. Alternatively, multiple values ​​are predefined for α, and one of these values ​​is set depending on the terminal performance and base station signaling.

[0348] When a terminal receives multiple UL transmission schedules from a base station via UL COT, it sets the UL power for each UL transmission before COT begins. It also sets an ED threshold based on the set UL power and performs LBT based on the set ED threshold.

[0349] Therefore, the UL transmit power cannot be set unless the existing minimum processing time, N2, is guaranteed. Furthermore, since LBT (Low-Level Testing) must be possible to calculate the ED threshold based on the UL transmit power and determine channel idle / busy status based on the calculated ED threshold, an additional margin must be guaranteed as the minimum processing time.

[0350] In other words, when a terminal initiates LBT at a specific point in time, this is the timeline that should be considered when calculating the ED threshold, taking into account the UL power of the UL signals / channels that can be detected at that point in time.

[0351] Therefore, if the terminal's UL COT start time is T, LBT can be performed using an ED threshold calculated from the scheduled PUSCH and RRC configured UL signals and channels (e.g., CG-PUSCH, semi-static PUCCH / SRS, and / or semi-persistent PUSCH / PUCCH) included in the same UL COT, based on UL grants received before time (TK). In this case, the K value is {N2 + α} or {(minimum K2 value set for the terminal) + α}. Here, the α value may differ for each terminal depending on the terminal's performance. Alternatively, a specific value (e.g., α = 0 symbols, 1 symbol, 0 slots, or 1 slot) may be predefined. Alternatively, multiple values ​​may be predefined for α, and one of these values ​​may be set depending on the terminal performance and base station signaling.

[0352] For example, in the explanation relating to Figures 17(a) to 17(c) above, when DCI#3 is received or decoded at least after time (TK) and the terminal calculates the ED threshold, UL#3 scheduled by DCI#3 may not be considered.

[0353] Furthermore, for example, in Figures 17(a) to 17(c) above, UL#1 and UL#2 are either scheduled by DCI or are RRC configured UL signals, and the DCI and / or RRC Configuration that schedules UL#1 and / or UL#2 may have been received or decoded before the (TK) time and reflected in the calculation of the terminal's ED threshold.

[0354] On the other hand, the two operations, UL power setting and {EDT calculation + LBT execution}, can proceed in parallel or sequentially depending on the implementation of the terminal. For example, the result of decreasing the back-off counter based on ED threshold A may differ from the result of decreasing the back-off counter based on ED threshold B. Also, if the terminal stores only the back-off counter value in the buffer at each moment, the two operations proceed sequentially. In this case, the determination of the ED threshold must be completed at the start of LBT, so the margin value α becomes larger.

[0355] In other examples, if the energy value measured for each channel at each instant is stored in the terminal implementation, the back-off counter value can be calculated in reverse using the changed value as a reference, even if the ED threshold is changed later. In this case, the margin α value is relatively small.

[0356] According to the proposed method #3 described above, the criteria for the UL signals that the terminal considers in determining the ED threshold can be clearly defined. This allows the terminal to clearly distinguish between the UL signals used to determine the ED threshold and other UL signals transmitted according to proposed method #2.

[0357] Without limiting itself, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document are applicable to various fields requiring inter-device wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G).

[0358] The following provides more specific examples with reference to the drawings. In the following figures / descriptions, the same drawing reference numerals illustrate the same or corresponding hardware block, software block, or functional block unless otherwise specified.

[0359] Figure 18 illustrates a communication system 1 to which this disclosure applies.

[0360] Referring to Figure 18, the communication system 1 to which the present invention applies includes wireless equipment, a base station, and a network. Here, wireless equipment means equipment that communicates using wireless connectivity technology (e.g., 5G NR, LTE), and is also referred to as communication / wireless / 5G equipment. However, wireless equipment includes, but is not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1, 100b-2, XR (eXtended Reality) equipment 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, IoT (Internet of Things) equipment 100f, and AI servers / equipment 400. For example, vehicles include vehicles equipped with wireless communication functions, autonomous vehicles, vehicles capable of inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, vehicles include UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) (e.g., drones). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and are embodied in forms such as HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) installed in vehicles, TVs, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, and robots. Mobile devices include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebook computers). Home appliances include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices include sensors and smart meters. For example, base stations and networks are also embodied in wireless devices, and certain wireless devices 200a can also operate as base stations / network nodes for other wireless devices.

[0361] Wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to network 300 via base station 200. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 is configured using a 3G network, 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or 5G (e.g., NR) network. Wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via base station 200 / network 300, but can also communicate directly without going through the base station / network (e.g., sidelink communication). For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0362] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c are performed between wireless devices 100a-100f / base station 200 and between base stations 200 / base station 200. Here, wireless communication / connection is performed by uplink / downlink communication 150a and sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations 150c (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul), etc., using various wireless connection technologies (e.g., 5G NR)). Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c enable wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations to transmit / receive radio signals from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present invention, one of the following is performed: a process of setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving radio signals, a process of various signal processing (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), or a resource allocation process.

[0363] Figure 19 illustrates wireless devices applicable to this disclosure.

[0364] Referring to Figure 19, the first radio device 100 and the second radio device 200 transmit and receive radio signals using various radio connectivity technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {first radio device 100, second radio device 200} correspond to {radio device 100x, base station 200} and / or {radio device 100x, radio device 100x} in Figure 18.

[0365] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and further includes one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 controls the memory 104 and / or the transceivers 106 and is configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. For example, the processor 102 processes information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmits a wireless signal containing the first information / signals with the transceiver 106. The processor 102 also receives a wireless signal containing second information / signals with the transceiver 106, and then stores the information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 is linked to the processor 102 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 stores software code that includes instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor 102 and memory 104 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 106 is connected to the processor 102 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals via one or more antennas 108. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver 106 can also be mixed with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In this invention, wireless equipment can also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0366] Specifically, the instructions and / or operations controlled by the processor 102 of the first wireless device 100 according to the embodiments of this disclosure and stored in the memory 104 will be described.

[0367] The following operations will be described from the perspective of processor 102 and based on the control operations of processor 102, wherein software code for performing such operations is stored in memory 104. For example, in this disclosure, at least one memory 104 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions or programs, and when executed, the instructions or programs cause at least one processor operably linked to at least one memory to perform operations of embodiments or representations of this disclosure relating to the following operations.

[0368] For example, processor 102 determines an ED (Energy Detection) threshold based on at least one first UL signal. For example, processor 102 determines an ED threshold based on at least one first UL signal and at least one first UL signal which is referenced to determine the ED threshold based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0369] The processor 102 performs LBT (Listen-Before-Talk) based on the ED threshold. In this case, LBT is performed based on D-LBT. For example, the relevant LBT is performed based on [Proposed Method #1]. However, it is not limited to [Proposed Method #1]; any method that multiple Tx beams are multiplexed and can transmit the UL signal on the relevant Tx beam can be used to perform LBT.

[0370] The processor 102 controls the transceiver 106 to transmit at least one first UL signal and / or a second UL signal within the COT (Channel Occupancy Time) obtained by LBT. For example, at least one first UL signal and / or a second signal are determined and transmitted based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0371] In another example, the processor 102 controls the transceiver 106 to receive information for scheduling DL signals. The processor 102 also controls the transceiver 106 to receive DL signals based on this information. In this case, the DL signals are received based on [Proposed Method #1].

[0372] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and further includes one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 controls the memory 204 and / or the transceivers 206 and is configured to embody the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. For example, the processor 202 processes information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmits a wireless signal containing the third information / signals with the transceiver 206. The processor 202 also receives a wireless signal containing fourth information / signals with the transceiver 206, and then stores the information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 is linked to the processor 202 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 stores software code that includes instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor 202 and memory 204 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to embody wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 206 is connected to the processor 202 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals via one or more antennas 208. The transceiver 206 includes a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver 206 can also be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In this invention, wireless equipment also means a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0373] Specifically, instructions and / or operations controlled by the processor 202 of the second wireless device 200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure and stored in the memory 204 will be described.

[0374] The following operations will be described from the perspective of processor 202 and based on the control operations of processor 202, wherein software code for performing such operations is stored in memory 204. For example, in this disclosure, at least one memory 204 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions or programs, which, when executed, cause at least one processor operably linked to at least one memory to perform operations of embodiments or representations of this disclosure relating to the following operations.

[0375] For example, the processor 202 controls the transceiver 206 to transmit first information for scheduling at least one first UL signal.

[0376] The processor 202 controls the transceiver 206 to transmit second information for scheduling the second UL signal.

[0377] For example, the transmission time of the first information for scheduling at least one first UL signal and / or the second information for scheduling a second UL signal is determined based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0378] The processor 202 controls the transceiver 206 to receive at least one first UL signal and / or a second UL signal. For example, the processor 202 controls the transceiver 206 to receive at least one first UL signal and / or a second UL signal based on [Proposed Method #2] and / or [Proposed Method #3].

[0379] In other examples, processor 202 performs LBT and controls transceiver 206 to transmit information for scheduling DL signals. For example, processor 202 performs LBT based on [Proposed Method #1].

[0380] The processor 202 performs LBT for DL ​​signal transmission. For example, the processor 202 performs LBT based on [Proposed Method #1]. However, if the DL signal is transmitted within the COT obtained by the LBT performed in a previous stage, the relevant stage is omitted, or an LBT that is not based on Random Back-off (e.g., Cat-1 LBT or Cat-2 LBT) is performed. The processor 202 controls the transceiver 206 to transmit the DL signal based on the relevant information (S1507).

[0381] The hardware elements of the wireless devices 100,200 will be described in more detail below. However, one or more protocol layers are embodied by one or more processors 102,202. For example, one or more processors 102,202 embodied one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors 102,202 generated one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (Service Data Units) by the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors 102,202 generated messages, control information, data, or information by the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors 102,202 generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by the functions, procedures, suggestions and / or methods disclosed in this specification and provide them to one or more transceivers 106,206. One or more processors 102,202 receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106,206 and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information by the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification.

[0382] One or more processors 102,202 are also referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102,202 are embodied by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), one or more DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), one or more PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or one or more FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) are included in one or more processors 102,202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification are embodied using firmware or software, and the firmware or software is embodied to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification is included in one or more processors 102,202 or stored in one or more memories 104,204 and driven by one or more processors 102,202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be embodied using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0383] One or more memory units 104,204 are connected to one or more processors 102,202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memory units 104,204 consist of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memory units 104,204 are located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102,202. Furthermore, one or more memory units 104,204 are connected to one or more processors 102,202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0384] One or more transceivers 106,206 can transmit user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the methods and / or flowcharts described herein, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106,206 can receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed herein, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106,206 can be connected to one or more processors 102,202 to transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102,202 control one or more transceivers 106,206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102,202 control one or more transceivers 106,206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. Furthermore, one or more transceivers 106,206 are connected to one or more antennas 108,208, and one or more transceivers 106,206 are configured by one or more antennas 108,208 to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. In this specification, one or more antennas are multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106,206 convert the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102,202. One or more transceivers 106,206 convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed by one or more processors 102,202, from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106,206 include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0385] Figure 28 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention applies. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be embodied in a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc.

[0386] Referring to Figure 28, the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 includes an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 is composed of a part of the communication unit 110.

[0387] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 controls elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 includes an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit 140a enables the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to travel on the ground. The drive unit 140a includes an engine, motor, powertrain, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c includes an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, collision sensor, wheel sensor, speed sensor, tilt sensor, weight sensor, heading sensor, position module, vehicle forward / reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d embodies technologies such as lane keeping during driving, automatic speed adjustment like adaptive cruise control, automatic driving along a predetermined route, and automatic route setting and driving when a destination is set.

[0388] For example, the communication unit 110 receives map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d generates an autonomous driving route and drive plan based on the obtained data. The control unit 120 controls the drive unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the drive plan (e.g., speed / direction adjustment). The communication unit 110 non-periodically obtains the latest traffic information data from the external server during autonomous driving, and also obtains surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. The sensor unit 140c also obtains vehicle status and surrounding environment information during autonomous driving. The autonomous driving unit 140d updates the autonomous driving route and drive plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 transmits information such as vehicle position, autonomous driving route, and drive plan to the external server. The external server predicts traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on the information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and provides the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0389] The embodiments described above are combinations of the components and features of the present invention in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly mentioned. Each component or feature can be implemented in a form that is not combined with other components or features. It is also possible to combine some components and / or features to constitute embodiments of the present invention. The order of the operations described in the embodiments of the present invention is changeable. Some components or features of any embodiment can be included in other embodiments, or replaced with corresponding components or features of other embodiments. It is obvious that embodiments can be formed by combining claims that are not explicitly related by reference in the claims, or by including them as new claims through amendments after filing.

[0390] In this document, specific operations that are described as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node. That is, in a network consisting of multiple network nodes including a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station or other network nodes. In this case, the term "base station" can be replaced with terms such as "fixed station," "gNode B (gNB)," "Node B," "eNode B (eNB)," or "access point."

[0391] It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that this disclosure can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the features of this disclosure. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be constrained in any way restrictively, but should be considered illustrative. The scope of the invention shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the invention are included within the scope of the invention. [Industrial applicability]

[0392] The methods and equipment for transmitting and receiving signals in the unlicensed frequency band described above were explained primarily using examples applied to 5th generation NewRAT systems, but they can be applied to various other wireless communication systems as well.

Claims

1. A method performed by UE (user equipment) in a wireless communication system, The steps include determining an ED (Energy Detection) threshold based on the maximum EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of at least one first UL signal, The steps include obtaining channel occupancy based on the aforementioned ED threshold, The steps include transmitting the at least one first UL signal and the second UL signal within the channel occupancy, A method wherein the second UL signal, scheduled after the channel occupancy, is limited to the maximum EIRP.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second UL signal is not considered in determining the ED threshold.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the scheduling information for the at least one first UL signal is received before the scheduling information for the second UL signal is received.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the channel occupancy is obtained based on the success of LBT (Listen-Before-Talk) based on the ED threshold.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first UL signal and the second UL signal are transmitted by different UL Tx beams.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first UL signal and the second UL signal are transmitted in a frequency band above 52.6 GHz.

7. A terminal in a wireless communication system, At least one transceiver and, At least one processor, The system comprises at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor and configured to store instructions that, when executed, enable the at least one processor to operate, The aforementioned operation is, The ED (Energy Detection) threshold is determined based on the maximum EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of at least one first UL signal, To obtain channel occupancy based on the aforementioned ED threshold, This includes transmitting the at least one first UL signal and the second UL signal within the channel occupancy, The second UL signal, scheduled after the channel occupancy, is limited to the maximum EIRP, at the terminal.

8. The terminal according to claim 7, wherein the second UL signal is not considered in determining the ED threshold.

9. The terminal according to claim 7, wherein the scheduling information for at least one first UL signal is received before the scheduling information for the second UL signal is received.

10. The terminal according to claim 7, wherein the channel occupancy is obtained based on the success of LBT (Listen-Before-Talk) based on the ED threshold.

11. The terminal according to claim 7, wherein the at least one first UL signal and the second UL signal are transmitted by different UL Tx beams.

12. The terminal according to claim 7, wherein the at least one first UL signal and the second UL signal are transmitted in a frequency band above 52.6 GHz.

13. A device for UE (user equipment) in a wireless communication system, At least one processor, The system comprises at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor and configured to store instructions that, when executed, enable the at least one processor to operate, The aforementioned operation is, The ED (Energy Detection) threshold is determined based on the maximum EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of at least one first UL signal, To obtain channel occupancy based on the aforementioned ED threshold, This includes transmitting the at least one first UL signal and the second UL signal within the channel occupancy, The second UL signal, scheduled after the channel occupancy, is limited to the maximum EIRP in the apparatus.

14. A computer-readable storage medium containing at least one computer program configured to enable at least one processor to operate, The aforementioned operation is, The ED (Energy Detection) threshold is determined based on the maximum EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of at least one first UL signal, To obtain channel occupancy based on the aforementioned ED threshold, This includes transmitting the at least one first UL signal and the second UL signal within the channel occupancy, The second UL signal, scheduled after the channel occupancy, is limited to the maximum EIRP in the storage medium.

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