Interlayer asymmetrically aligned multi-element MAX phase and MXene, and methods for producing them.

Abstract

To provide an interlayer asymmetrically aligned multi-element MAX phase and MXene.SOLUTION: The disclosed MAX phase has a layered structure of M(n+1)AXn comprising a plurality of transition metal layers (where n is a natural number, and n and n+1 indicate the number of layers), wherein M comprises two or more transition metal elements, X comprises nitrogen or carbon, A comprises at least a first element and a second element that are different from each other and selected from Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, Group 15 elements, and Group 16 elements, a difference in atomic radius between the first element and the second element is 0.1 Å or more, and among the transition metal layers, a first transition metal layer and a second transition metal layer corresponding to outermost layers opposed to each other have compositions different from each other, whereby the MAX phase and MXene have an interlayer asymmetrically aligned structure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to MXene. More specifically, it relates to interlayer asymmetrically aligned multi-element MAX phases and MXene, and methods for producing them. [Background technology]

[0002] MXene is the corresponding 3D max phase (M( n+1 )AX n The general formula M( n+1 )X n A two-dimensional material having the following characteristics: M is a pre-periodic transition metal (Ti, V, Cr, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Mo), A includes group 13 and group 14 elements, and X is carbon or nitrogen.

[0003] Maxine is obtained by etching the max phase and removing the MA bond. Maxine has a high non-surface area and electrical conductivity, as well as unique optical properties, making it a novel material that can be applied to various applications such as batteries, photocatalysts, sensors, environmental purification, and electromagnetic shielding. To control these properties of Maxine, a method of manufacturing by mixing various transition metals can be employed, and for this reason, a stable solid solution max phase, which is a transfer of the maxine, has been discovered.

[0004] To date, various chemically ordered Max phases have been discovered. For example, depending on the order, Max phases include a complete solid-solution Max phase in which transition metals are uniformly mixed, an out-of-plane ordered Max phase in which the metal composition of the central transition metal layer and the outer transition metal layer are ordered differently, and an in-plane ordered Max phase in which each transition metal layer has a unique order.

[0005] In the case of interlayer-aligned maxine (e.g., Mo2TiC2), unlike conventional maxine (Ti3C2), it exhibits semiconducting properties, can have a negative temperature resistance coefficient, and can be converted into a diamagnetic or paramagnetic material by adjusting the elements of the central atomic layer and the outer atomic layer.

[0006] In conventional interlayer-aligned Maxx phases, the two outer transition metal layers (M'') are symmetrically aligned from the central transition metal layer (M') in a configuration such as M''2M'AX2 or M''2M'2AX3. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Chinese Published Patent No. 116119668 [Non-patent literature]

[0008] [Non-Patent Document 1] Chemically complex double solid solution MAX phase-based ceramics in the (Ti,Zr,Hf,V,Nb)-(Al,Sn)-C system, Materials Research Letters, Vol 10, 2, 2022, 52-61 [Non-Patent Document 2] Non-patent document 2: Ta-based 413 and 211 MAX phase solid solutions with Hf and Nb, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 40, 2020, 1829-1838 (2019-12-27) [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-element MAX phase and MAXINE with interlayer asymmetric alignment.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the MAX phase and MAXINE.

[0011] However, the object of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and can be variously extended without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0012] The MAX phase according to the present invention for achieving the above object has a layered structure of M( n+1 )AX n (n is a natural number, and n and n + 1 indicate the number of layers). M contains two or more transition metal elements, X contains nitrogen or carbon, A contains at least a first element and a second element different from each other selected from group 13 elements, group 14 elements, group 15 elements, and group 16 elements, and the difference in atomic radius between the first element and the second element is 0.1 Å or more. Among the transition metal layers, the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer corresponding to the outer corner layers opposite to each other have different compositions, and thus have an interlayer asymmetric alignment structure.

[0013] The first element of A is Al, and the second element is Sn.

[0014] The molar ratio of Al to Sn is 1.8:1 to 2.2:1.

[0015] The MAX phase has a 312 phase.

[0016] M contains three or more elements. The element with the highest content in the first transition metal layer is the element with the highest atomic number among the elements of M, and the element with the highest content in the second transition metal layer is the element with the lowest atomic number among the elements of M.

[0017] The transition metal layer further includes a third transition metal layer disposed between the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer. M includes Ti, Zr, Hf, and Ta. The element with the highest content in the first transition metal layer is Ti. The element with the highest content in the second transition metal layer is Ta. The element with the highest content in the third transition metal layer is Hf.

[0018] The transition metal layer further includes a third transition metal layer disposed between the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer. M includes Ti, Zr, Hf, and Ta. Ti and Ta have the lowest content in the third transition metal layer, and Zr and Hf have the lowest content in the second transition metal layer.

[0019] The MAX phase according to the present invention includes a plurality of transition metal layers of M( n+1 )X n having a layered structure (n is a natural number, and n and n + 1 indicate the number of layers). M includes two or more transition metal elements. X includes nitrogen or carbon. Among the transition metal layers, the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer corresponding to the outer corner layers opposite to each other have different compositions, thereby having an interlayer asymmetric alignment structure.

[0020] The method for manufacturing a MAX phase according to the present invention includes a step of mixing and milling raw materials of an M component containing two or more transition metal elements, an X component containing nitrogen or carbon, and an A component containing at least different first and second elements selected from group 13 elements, group 14 elements, group 15 elements, and group 16 elements, and a step of pressure-sintering the powder obtained by the milling to obtain M( n+1 )AX nThe process includes the step of forming a max phase having a layered structure (where n is a natural number and n and n+1 indicate the number of layers), wherein the difference in atomic radii between the first element and the second element is 0.1 Å or more, the max phase has an interlayer asymmetric alignment structure in which the first and second transition metal layers, which correspond to opposite outer corner layers among the transition metal layers, have different compositions, and the number of moles of the raw material for component A is equal to or greater than the number of moles of the raw material for component M.

[0021] The method for manufacturing max according to the present invention is characterized by including the step of removing A from the max phase to obtain maxine. [Effects of the Invention]

[0022] According to the present invention, a max phase and maxine having an interlayer asymmetrically aligned structure can be obtained. Furthermore, by fine-tuning each transition metal layer, the composition of maxine can be adjusted to have the desired properties in the application field.

[0023] Furthermore, a maxine with this structure possesses not only semiconductor properties but also excellent photocatalytic, thermoelectric, and piezoelectric properties. Therefore, it can be used in various fields such as sensors utilizing the piezoelectric effect, biotechnology, computers, and home appliances utilizing thermoelectric elements, and eco-friendly or hydrogen power generation utilizing catalytic properties.

[0024] Furthermore, the max phase and maxine phase, in which the outer layers are asymmetrically aligned, allow for adjustment of semiconductor and magnetic properties, making them applicable to next-generation memory and advanced semiconductor fields. In particular, by adjusting the composition and structure, topological insulator properties can be expected, making them useful in the field of quantum computing. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0025] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the layered structure of the max phase and maxine according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2]Figure 2 is a sequence diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing the max phase according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows the XRD (X-ray Diffraction) analysis results of the max phase in Example 1. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is an enlarged image of the HAADF-TEM (High Angle Annular Dark Field - Transmission Electro Microscopy) photograph of the max phase in Example 1. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the large-box modeling results obtained based on the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) and XRD measurements of the max phase in Example 1. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0026] Hereinafter, with reference to the attached drawings, interlayer asymmetrically aligned multi-element max phases and mexsine according to embodiments of the present invention, and methods for producing them, will be described in detail. The present invention can be modified in various ways and may take many forms, and specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the text. However, this should be understood not as an attempt to limit the present invention to any particular disclosure, but as including all modifications, equivalents, or substitutes that fall within the spirit and technical scope of the present invention. In the attached drawings, the dimensions of the structures are shown enlarged for clarity of the present invention.

[0027] The terms used in this application are used solely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, terms such as “includes” or “having” are intended to specify the existence of features, figures, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should be understood not to preemptively exclude the existence or possibility of adding one or more other features, figures, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as they would be generally understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Terms as defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and not as an ideal or overly formal meaning unless explicitly defined herein.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the layered structure of the max phase and maxine according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] The max phase according to one embodiment of the present invention is M( n+1 )AX n The structure is as follows: M is a transition metal (pre-period transition metal) and contains two or more elements. For example, M contains two or more elements selected from Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, and Ta. A contains two or more elements selected from group 13, group 14, group 15, and group 16 elements. For example, A contains two or more elements selected from Al, Si, P, S, Ga, Ge, As, In, and Sn. Two elements in A have different atomic radii. For example, the difference in atomic radii between two elements in A is 0.1 Å or more.

[0031] For example, A comprises a first element and a second element having a larger atomic radius than the first element. According to one embodiment, A comprises Al and Sn. X represents N or C.

[0032] Therefore, the max phase and maxine include at least two layers containing M. As shown in Figure 1, the max phase and maxine have three layers containing M (transition metal) and two layers containing X. For example, the max phase includes a first M layer (LM1), a second M layer (LM2), and a third M layer (LM3). The first M layer (LM1) and the second M layer (LM2) each correspond to outer corner layers adjacent to the A layer (LA), and the third M layer (LM3) corresponds to an intermediate layer located between the first M layer (LM1) and the second M layer (LM2). The two X layers are located between the first M layer (LM1) and the third M layer (LM3), and between the second M layer (LM2) and the third M layer (LM3), respectively. Maxine is obtained by removing the A layer from the max phase.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the multiple M layers of the max phase and maxine have different compositions. For example, the first M layer (LM1) and the second M layer (LM2) in contact with the A layer (LA) have different compositions, thereby forming an interlayer asymmetrically aligned structure. As shown in Figure 1, the first M layer (LM1) is composed of the first M element (M 1 ) consists of, and the second M layer (LM2) is composed of a second M element (M) that is different from the first M element (M1). 2 Although it is indicated that each M layer consists of ), in substance each M layer does not consist of a single element, but rather contains multiple elements and can have different compositions from one another.

[0034] For example, the first M layer (LM1) is composed of the first M element (M 1 The second M layer (LM2) contains the first M element (M 1 ) and a second M element (M 2 It contains the highest content of ). The third M layer (LM3), which corresponds to the intermediate layer, contains the third M element (M 3The present invention contains the highest content of the first M element (M), but is not limited thereto, and the third M layer (LM3) contains the first M element (M 1 ) or a second M element (M 2 It can also contain the highest concentration of ).

[0035] According to one embodiment, the first M element (M 1 ) is the element with the lowest atomic number among the elements contained in M, and is the second M element (M 2 ) is the element with the highest atomic number among the elements contained in M.

[0036] As mentioned above, the number of M layers is two or more, and it can contain two or more elements. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above structure, and can be defined as having an interlayer asymmetrically aligned structure when the M layers in contact with the A layer have different compositions from each other.

[0037] For example, M contains 4 or more distinct elements, and the number of layers of M is 3. Or, M contains 2 to 4 distinct elements, and the number of layers of M is 5 or more. Also, M contains 2 or more distinct elements, and the number of layers of M is 2.

[0038] According to one embodiment, in the Max phase and Maxine, the number of M layers is 3, M contains Ti, Zr, Hf, and Ta, and A contains Al and Sn. Layer A has a solid-solution phase in which Al and Sn are mixed. When the Max phase includes a first M layer and a second M layer corresponding to the outer corner layer adjacent to layer A (LA), and a third M layer corresponding to the intermediate layer, the element with the highest content in the first M layer is Ti, the element with the highest content in the second M layer is Ta, and the element with the highest content in the third M layer is Hf. Furthermore, Ti and Ta have the lowest content in the third M layer, and Zr and Hf have the lowest content in the second M layer. Furthermore, Zr has the highest content in the third M layer.

[0039] Figure 2 is a sequence diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a max phase according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, ball milling is used to obtain the max phase according to one embodiment of the present invention, as is done with general max phases. For example, after mixing powders of each elemental component and ball milling, the resulting powder is pelletized, sintered in an inert gas atmosphere, and then intermetallic compounds and carbide impurities are removed from the sintered body using a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid to obtain the max phase. Alternatively, maxine can be obtained by heating the max phase at a high temperature with a molten salt or by hydrofluoric acid treatment to remove layer A.

[0040] According to one embodiment, when mixing elemental components, the contents of components M and C are the same as or similar to the composition of the maxine to be obtained, but component A is added in excess. The max phase and the A layer generally tend to form a symmetric structure at temperatures above the temperature at which the max phase is formed (approximately 1,400°C). However, the A layer formed by the melting of the excess A component at high temperatures acts as a solvent, substantially lowering the formation temperature of the max phase or the A layer, thereby enabling the formation of an asymmetric structure.

[0041] According to one embodiment, when the number of transition metal layers is 3 and layer A yields a max phase of M3AC2 containing Al and Sn, the molar ratio of M to Al is 3:2.5 to 3:2.7. If the amount of Al is too low, the M2AC impurities increase, substantially increasing the formation temperature of the max phase and resulting in a max phase with a symmetric structure. If the content of M containing Al is too high, the intermetallic compounds increase.

[0042] Furthermore, the molar ratio of Al to Sn is 1:0.15 to 1:0.25, for example, approximately 1:0.2. The mixing ratio of M to the total A component containing Al and Sn is 3:3 to 3:3.2. That is, the number of moles of component A is the same as or greater than the number of moles of component M. This is much higher than the quantitative range of Max phase and Maxine and the content of A used in the production of existing Max phases.

[0043] The molar ratio of Al to Sn in the Max phase and the A layer of Maxine is approximately 2:1. Considering the margin of error, the molar ratio of Al to Sn is between 1.8:1 and 2.2:1.

[0044] The A layer having the solid solution of the aforementioned composition has distortion, which can lead to differences in affinity, electronegativity, etc. As a result, in order for the resulting max phase to form a stable structure, the M layer (transition metal layer) adjacent to the upper surface of the A layer and the M layer adjacent to the lower surface can have different compositions from each other. This allows the M layer adjacent to the A layer to have an asymmetrical interlayer alignment.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the max phase and maxine obtained as described above have 312 phases.

[0046] According to the present invention, a max phase and maxine having an interlayer asymmetrically aligned structure can be obtained. Furthermore, by fine-tuning each transition metal layer, the composition of maxine can be adjusted to have the desired properties in the application field.

[0047] Furthermore, a maxine with this structure possesses not only semiconducting properties but also excellent photocatalytic, thermoelectric, and piezoelectric properties. Therefore, it can be used in various fields such as sensors utilizing the piezoelectric effect, biotechnology, computers, and home appliances utilizing thermoelectric elements, and eco-friendly or hydrogen power generation utilizing catalytic properties.

[0048] Furthermore, since the Max phase and Maxine phase, in which the outer layers are asymmetrically aligned, allow for adjustment of semiconductor and magnetic properties, they can be applied to next-generation memory and advanced semiconductor fields. In particular, by adjusting the composition and structure, topological insulator properties are expected, which can be utilized in the field of quantum computing.

[0049] The manufacturing and effects of the present invention will be described below through specific examples and experimental cases. The examples and experimental cases are provided merely as illustrations, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to what is provided in the experimental cases. [Examples]

[0050] Example 1 Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Al, Sn, and C powders were mixed in a ratio of 0.75:0.75:0.75:0.75:2.6:0.52:1.8, and milling was performed for a total of 10 hours using 100g of 5mm diameter zirconia balls (Ball to powder ratio 5:1), with periods of 10 minutes of milling followed by 5 minutes of cooling.

[0051] 3g of the powder obtained by milling was placed in an 8mm steel mold, and green pellets were produced by applying a pressure of 100MPa. The green pellets were placed in alumina glass and sintered under atmospheric pressure at 1,500°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours. (Heating rate: 3°C / min)

[0052] After crushing and sieving the sintered pellets, they were reacted with HCl for more than 18 hours to remove intermetallic impurities (such as ZrAl3) and obtain the Max phase.

[0053] Analysis of the obtained max phase via EDS (Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) revealed that the composition of the max phase is (Ti 0.818 Zr 0.545 Hf 0.818 Ta 0.818 )3(Al 0.66 Sn 0.33 )C2(=(Ti 3 / 11 Zr 2 / 11 Hf 3 / 11 Ta 3 / 11 )3(Al 2 / 3 Sn 1 / 3 It was confirmed that it was C2).

[0054] The aforementioned max phase was placed in a molten salt consisting of CuCl2-KCl-NaCl and heated at 750°C to etch the A layer (Al, Sn) and obtain maxine.

[0055] Figure 3 shows the XRD (X-ray Diffraction) analysis results of the max phase in Example 1. Obs is the measured value, and Calc is the calculated value of the interlayer symmetric max phase expected through the composition.

[0056] As shown in Figure 3, contrary to the expected result, the (004) peak was absent, and the (006) peak was observed. This confirmed that the max phase of Example 1 does not have an interlayer symmetric structure.

[0057] Figure 4 is an enlarged image of the HAADF-TEM (High Angle Annular Dark Field - Transmission Electron Microscopy) photograph of the max phase in Example 1.

[0058] As shown in Figure 4, the max phase of Example 1 contained three transition metal layers, and it was confirmed that the distances from the intermediate layer to the A layers on both sides were different. This indicates that the max phase of Example 1 has an interlayer asymmetric alignment structure.

[0059] To track the composition of the max phase in Example 1, large-box modeling was performed to refine the structure by fitting the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) and XRD measurements through reverse Monte Carlo simulation. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the large-box modeling results obtained based on the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) and XRD measurements of the max phase in Example 1.

[0060] The structure determined by the large-box modeling in Figure 5 was analyzed, and the elemental proportions of each transition metal layer are shown in Table 1 below.

[0061] [Table 1]

[0062] From Table 1, the max phase of Example 1 corresponds to the first M layer (M) which is adjacent to the outer corner layer. 1 ) and the second M layer (M 2 ) includes a third M layer (M) corresponding to the intermediate layer 3 When ) is included, the element with the highest content in the first M layer is Ti, the element with the highest content in the second M layer is Ta, and the element with the highest content in the third M layer is Hf. Furthermore, it was confirmed that Ti and Ta have the lowest content in the third M layer, Zr and Hf have the lowest content in the second M layer, and Zr has the highest content in the third M layer.

[0063] As described above, the invention has been explained with reference to exemplary embodiments, but a person with ordinary skill in the art will understand that the invention can be modified and altered in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set out in the following claims. [Industrial applicability]

[0064] Embodiments of the present invention can be used in various fields, such as the field of sensors using piezoelectric effects, biotechnology, computers, and home appliances using thermoelectric elements, eco-friendly power generation or hydrogen power generation using catalytic properties, and the semiconductor field using semiconductor properties.

Claims

1. M containing multiple transition metal layers ｎ＋１ ) AX ｎ It has a layered structure (where n is a natural number, and n and n+1 indicate the number of layers), M contains two or more transition metal elements, X contains nitrogen or carbon, A comprises at least two distinct elements, a first element and a second element, selected from the elements of Group 13, Group 14, Group 15, and Group 16. The difference in atomic radii between the first element and the second element is 0.1 Å or more. The MAX phase is characterized in that, among the transition metal layers, the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer, which correspond to opposite outer layers in the layered structure, have different compositions, thereby having an interlayer asymmetric alignment structure.

2. The max phase according to claim 1, characterized in that the first element of A is Al and the second element is Sn.

3. The max phase according to claim 2, characterized in that the molar ratio of Al to Sn is 1.8:1 to 2.2:

1.

4. The max phase is characterized by having 312 phases, as described in claim 1.

5. M contains three or more elements, The element with the highest content in the first transition metal layer is the element with the highest atomic number among the elements of M. The max phase according to claim 1, characterized in that the element with the highest content in the second transition metal layer is the element with the lowest atomic number among the elements of M.

6. The transition metal layer further includes a third transition metal layer disposed between the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer. M includes Ti, Zr, Hf, and Ta, The element with the highest content in the first transition metal layer is Ti. The element with the highest content in the second transition metal layer is Ta. The max phase according to claim 1, characterized in that the element with the highest content in the third transition metal layer is Hf.

7. The transition metal layer further includes a third transition metal layer disposed between the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer. M includes Ti, Zr, Hf, and Ta, Ti and Ta have the lowest content in the third transition metal layer. The max phase according to claim 1, characterized in that Zr and Hf are present in the lowest content in the second transition metal layer.

8. M containing multiple transition metal layers ｎ＋１ ) X ｎ It has a layered structure (where n is a natural number, and n and n+1 indicate the number of layers), M contains two or more transition metal elements, X contains nitrogen or carbon, MXene is characterized in that, among the transition metal layers, the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer, which correspond to opposite outer layers in the layered structure, have different compositions, thereby having an interlayer asymmetric alignment structure.

9. The maxine according to claim 8, characterized in that the maxine has 312 phases.

10. M contains three or more elements, The element with the highest content in the first transition metal layer is the element with the highest atomic number among the elements of M. The maxine according to claim 8, characterized in that the element with the highest content in the second transition metal layer is the element with the lowest atomic number among the elements of M.

11. The transition metal layer further includes a third transition metal layer disposed between the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer. M includes Ti, Zr, Hf, and Ta, The element with the highest content in the first transition metal layer is Ti. The element with the highest content in the second transition metal layer is Ta. The maxine according to claim 8, characterized in that the element with the highest content in the third transition metal layer is Hf.

12. The transition metal layer further includes a third transition metal layer disposed between the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer. M includes Ti, Zr, Hf, and Ta, Ti and Ta have the lowest content in the third transition metal layer. The maxine according to claim 8, characterized in that Zr and Hf are present in the lowest content in the second transition metal layer.

13. A step of mixing and milling raw materials comprising: a component M containing two or more transition metal elements; a component X containing nitrogen or carbon; and a component A containing at least two different first and second elements selected from group 13, group 14, group 15, and group 16 elements; The powder obtained by the milling is pressure-sintered to produce a M( containing multiple transition metal layers). ｎ＋１ ) AX ｎ The process includes the step of forming a max phase having a layered structure (where n is a natural number and n and n+1 indicate the number of layers), The difference in atomic radii between the first element and the second element is 0.1 Å or more. The Max phase has an interlayer asymmetric alignment structure in which the first and second transition metal layers, which correspond to opposite outer layers in the layered structure, have different compositions. A method for producing a max phase, characterized in that the number of moles of the raw material for component A is equal to or greater than the number of moles of the raw material for component M.

14. The method for producing the max phase according to claim 13, characterized in that the first element of component A is Al and the second element is Sn.

15. The method for producing the max phase according to claim 14, characterized in that n is 2 and the molar ratio of the M component to the Al raw material is 3:2.5 to 3:2.

7.

16. The method for producing a Max phase according to claim 15, characterized in that the molar ratio of Al to Sn is 1:0.15 to 1:0.25, and the molar ratio of Al to Sn in the Max phase is 1.8:1 to 2.2:

1.

17. The method for manufacturing the max phase according to claim 13, characterized in that the max phase has 312 phases.

18. The method for producing the max phase according to claim 14, characterized in that the M component includes Ti, Zr, Hf, and Ta.

19. The method for producing the max phase according to claim 14, characterized in that the milling step uses zirconia balls.

20. A step of manufacturing a max phase by any one of claims 13 to 19, A method for producing Max, characterized by comprising the step of removing component A from the Max phase to obtain Maxine.

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