Evacuation safety performance evaluation system

Abstract

To provide an evacuation safety performance evaluation system which allows for identifying an arithmetic expression used at the time of evacuation safety verification in accordance with each condition.SOLUTION: An evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 for evaluating evacuation safety performance against a fire in a building comprises: a living room smoke layer calculation unit 18 which uses a first arithmetic expression group determined in accordance with a living room evaluation completion time and a raised smoke layer temperature of a living room, to obtain a living room smoke layer lower end height after passage of the living room evacuation completion time; a fire room smoke layer calculation unit 20 which uses a second arithmetic expression group determined in accordance with a floor evacuation completion time, a raised smoke layer temperature of a part adjacent to a fire room, and the start time of smoke leakage in the firing room, to obtain a smoke layer lower end height in the part adjacent to the fire room after passage of the floor evaluation completion time; and a distinguishing and display unit 22 which can distinguish a plurality of selected arithmetic expressions from a plurality of non-selected arithmetic expressions. wherein each of the first arithmetic expression group and the second arithmetic expression group is selected from a plurality of arithmetic expressions in accordance with conditions.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to an evacuation safety performance evaluation system. [Background technology]

[0002] Traditionally, it has been necessary to perform performance design using the evacuation safety verification method, which involves calculating the evacuation completion time and smoke descent time using formulas specified in the Building Standards Act and comparing these to evaluate the safety performance of a building.

[0003] As a technology related to the present invention, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a computer system for evaluating the evacuation safety performance of a building in the event of a fire, either during the design phase of the building or during the phase of changing the plan or use of an existing building. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 4595462 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] Various verifications are performed using multiple calculation formulas specified in the Building Standards Act's notification, but these formulas are determined from a variety of conditions. In recent years, these verifications are sometimes performed using systems, but it can be difficult to later analyze which of the above multiple calculation formulas was used to perform the calculations.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an evacuation safety performance evaluation system that makes it possible to identify the calculation formulas used according to each condition when performing evacuation safety verification. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The evacuation safety performance evaluation system according to the present invention is an evacuation safety performance evaluation system for evaluating the evacuation safety performance of a building in the event of a fire, comprising: a room evacuation verification unit that calculates the room evacuation completion time required for all occupants to complete evacuation from each room on each floor to be verified in the building, calculates the room smoke descent time required for smoke and gas from the fire source to descend to a height that would hinder evacuation, and determines that evacuation from the room is possible if the room evacuation completion time does not exceed the room smoke descent time; a floor evacuation verification unit that calculates the floor evacuation completion time required for all persons on the floor to be verified to complete evacuation to a direct staircase or to the ground, calculates the floor smoke descent time required for smoke and gas to descend to a height that would hinder evacuation along the evacuation route, and determines that evacuation to the direct staircase is possible if the floor evacuation completion time does not exceed the floor smoke descent time; and when the room evacuation verification unit and the floor evacuation verification unit determine that evacuation is possible on all floors of the building, the total time required for all occupants of the building to evacuate to the outside of the building A whole-building evacuation verification unit calculates the time it takes for the smoke and gas to enter the direct stairwell or vertical shaft compartment, and determines that evacuation is possible if the total evacuation time does not exceed the time it takes for the smoke and gas to enter the vertical shaft compartment. A room smoke layer calculation unit calculates the height of the lower end of the smoke layer in a room based on the smoke and gas when the room evacuation time has elapsed, using a first set of calculation formulas determined according to the room evacuation time and the rising temperature of the smoke layer in the room when the room evacuation time has elapsed. The system is characterized by comprising: a fire room smoke layer calculation unit that calculates the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer in the area adjacent to the fire room based on recorded smoke and gas, using a second set of calculation formulas determined according to the time of completion of evacuation to the floor when the evacuation completion time for the floor has elapsed, the rising temperature of the smoke layer in the area adjacent to the fire room, and the time of onset of smoke leakage in the fire room; and an identification display unit that allows identification of the selected calculation formulas and the unselected calculation formulas, with the first set of calculation formulas and the second set of calculation formulas each being selected from a plurality of calculation formulas according to conditions.

[0008] Also, in the evacuation safety performance evaluation system according to the present invention, it is preferable that the identification display unit displays a list of arithmetic expressions including the plurality of selected arithmetic expressions and the plurality of unselected arithmetic expressions, and highlights only the plurality of selected arithmetic expressions.

Advantages of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to identify the arithmetic expressions used according to each condition when performing evacuation safety verification.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010] [Figure 1] It is a diagram showing an evacuation safety performance evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] In the evacuation safety performance evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is a diagram in which an arithmetic expression for calculating the height of the lower end of the living room smoke layer is displayed. [Figure 3] In the evacuation safety performance evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is a diagram in which an arithmetic expression for calculating the height of the lower end of the smoke layer in the adjacent part of the fire room is displayed. [Figure 4] In the evacuation safety performance evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is an output diagram showing the calculation result of the height of the lower end of the living room smoke layer. [Figure 5] In the evacuation safety performance evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is an output diagram showing the calculation result of the height of the lower end of the smoke layer in the adjacent part of the fire room.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following, the same elements in all the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted. Also, in the description in the text, the reference numerals described previously will be used as necessary.

[0012] Figure 1 shows an evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a calculation formula for calculating the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer in a living room in the evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 shows a calculation formula for calculating the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer in the portion adjacent to the fire room in the evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 4 is an output diagram showing the calculation result of the lower edge height of the smoke layer in a living room in the evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is an output diagram showing the calculation result of the lower edge height of the smoke layer in the area adjacent to the fire room in the evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] The evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 is a system for evaluating the evacuation safety performance of a building in the event of a fire. The evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 has the function of verifying the "floor evacuation safety performance" and "whole building evacuation safety performance" as stipulated in the Building Standards Enforcement Order (Article 129, Article 129-2).

[0015] "Floor evacuation safety performance" means that even if a fire occurs in any room on the floor being verified (excluding rooms with little risk of fire), smoke or gas will not descend to a height that would hinder evacuation in each room on that floor and in the main corridors and other parts of the building leading from each room to the direct staircase until all persons on that floor (including those who cannot evacuate without passing through that floor) have completed their evacuation from that floor to the first floor via the direct staircase.

[0016] Furthermore, "whole-building evacuation safety performance" means that, in the event of a fire in any room (fire room) of the building, smoke or gas will not descend to a height that would hinder evacuation in any room of the building, or in the main corridors, stairwells, and other parts of the building leading from each room to the ground, until all persons in the building have completed their evacuation from the building to the ground.

[0017] The evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 includes a room evacuation verification unit 12, a floor evacuation verification unit 14, a whole-building evacuation verification unit 16, a room smoke layer calculation unit 18, a fire room smoke layer calculation unit 20, an identification display unit 22, a building data input unit 24, and a storage unit 26. The evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 is connected to a user terminal 4.

[0018] The room evacuation verification unit 12 checks whether occupants in a room that is experiencing a fire can safely evacuate to the outside of the room.

[0019] Specifically, the room evacuation verification unit 12 has the function of calculating the room evacuation completion time required for all occupants to complete evacuation from each room on the floor to be verified in the building, calculating the room smoke descent time required for smoke and gas from the fire source to descend to a height that would hinder evacuation, and determining that evacuation from the room is possible if the room evacuation completion time does not exceed the room smoke descent time.

[0020] If the Room Evacuation Verification Unit 12 determines that all rooms are evacuable, the Floor Evacuation Verification Unit 14 confirms whether all persons present on the floor being verified (including those who cannot evacuate without passing through that floor) can safely evacuate from that floor, including rooms other than the fire room.

[0021] Specifically, the floor evacuation verification unit 14 has the function of calculating the floor evacuation completion time required for all persons on the floor being verified to complete evacuation to the direct staircase or to the ground, calculating the floor smoke descent time required for smoke or gas to descend to a height that would hinder evacuation along the evacuation route, and determining that evacuation to the direct staircase or to the ground is possible if the floor evacuation completion time does not exceed the floor smoke descent time.

[0022] The Whole Building Evacuation Verification Department 16 will examine evacuation from the entire building. This is because even if floor-level evacuation safety performance is ensured on each floor, if smoke from the fire room flows into direct stairwells or other floors, evacuation from floors other than the floor where the fire room is located may become difficult. Therefore, the Whole Building Evacuation Verification Department 16 will confirm whether all occupants, including those not in the room where the fire occurred, can safely evacuate to the ground floor.

[0023] Specifically, the whole-building evacuation verification unit 16 has the function of calculating the time required for all occupants of the building to evacuate to the outside of the building, when the room evacuation verification unit 12 and the floor evacuation verification unit 14 have determined that evacuation is possible on all floors of the building, calculating the time it takes for smoke or gas to enter through the direct stairwell or vertical shaft compartment, and determining that evacuation is possible if the whole-building evacuation completion time does not exceed the time of inflow.

[0024] The room smoke layer calculation unit 18 has the function of determining the height of the lower end of the room smoke layer based on the smoke and gas at the time the room evacuation completion time has elapsed, using a first set of calculation formulas that are determined according to the time the room evacuation completion time has elapsed and the temperature at which the smoke layer rises in the room.

[0025] Specifically, it is calculated using the formula shown in Figure 2. The formula shown in Figure 2 is stipulated in the Building Standards Act Enforcement Order, as prescribed in Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Notification No. 475.

[0026] Here, ΔT r,room This is the smoke layer temperature rise in the room, calculated using a predetermined formula based on the time it takes to evacuate the room.

[0027] Z room This is the height of the lower end of the smoke layer in the living space, and t pass(room) This is the maximum time spent passing through the room exit, and t escape(room) This is the time when evacuation to the rooms is completed. Also, P r,room This is the smoke layer density in the room when the evacuation time to the room has elapsed, and A room This is the floor area of ​​the living space, H roomis the average height from the reference point of the living room to the ceiling.

[0028] h room is the height from the lowest position of the floor surface of the living room to the reference point, and Z phaze1(room) is the height of the lower end of the smoke layer in the living room 100 seconds after the occurrence of a fire, calculated by a predetermined formula.

[0029] V s(r,room) is the amount of smoke and the like generated in the living room, calculated by a predetermined formula, and V e(r,room) is the effective smoke exhaust amount of the living room, calculated by a predetermined formula.

[0030] The fire room smoke layer calculation unit 20 has a function of obtaining the height of the lower end of the smoke layer in the adjacent part of the fire room based on the smoke and gas at the time when the floor evacuation completion time has elapsed, using a second arithmetic expression group determined according to the floor evacuation completion time, the rising temperature of the smoke layer in the adjacent part of the fire room, and the smoke leakage start time in the fire room at the time when the floor evacuation completion time has elapsed.

[0031] Specifically, it is obtained using the arithmetic expressions shown in FIG. 3. The arithmetic expressions shown in FIG. 3 are those defined in the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Building Standards Law stipulated in Notification No. 475 of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

[0032] t escape(floor) is the floor evacuation completion time, and Z floor is the height of the lower end of the smoke layer in the adjacent part of the fire room. ΔT f1floor is the rising temperature of the smoke layer in the adjacent part of the fire room, calculated by a predetermined formula, and t pass(floor) is the maximum of the floor exit passage times, and t d(room) is the smoke leakage start time in the fire room, calculated by a predetermined formula.

[0033] H floor is the average height from the reference point to the ceiling in the adjacent part of the fire room, and V s(f1floor is the amount of smoke and the like generated in the adjacent part of the fire room, calculated by a predetermined formula. V [[ID=This is the effective smoke exhaust volume for the area adjacent to the fire chamber, calculated using a predetermined formula, and A floor This is the floor area of ​​the portion adjacent to the fire-stricken room.

[0034] The identification display unit 22 is selected from a plurality of arithmetic formulas according to a condition, and has the function of distinguishing between the selected plurality of arithmetic formulas (first group of arithmetic formulas and second group of arithmetic formulas) and the plurality of arithmetic formulas that have not been selected. The identification display unit 22 has the function of displaying a list of arithmetic formulas including the selected plurality of arithmetic formulas and the plurality of arithmetic formulas that have not been selected, and highlighting only the selected plurality of arithmetic formulas.

[0035] As shown in Figure 4, an example of determining the lower end height of the smoke layer in a living room using the functions of the room smoke layer calculation unit 18 is as follows: For example, under the conditions shown here, ΔT r,room ≤ 180 and ΔT r,room >√(500 / 3t pass(room) ) and t escape(room) Since it is >5 / 3, Z room = 1.9533. Thus, Z room The calculation formula used to find the result is highlighted, and "〇" is displayed in the judgment route.

[0036] As shown in Figure 5, an example of determining the height of the lower end of the smoke layer in the area adjacent to the fire chamber using the function of the fire chamber smoke layer calculation unit 20 is as follows: For example, under the conditions shown here, t escape(floor) ≤ 10 and ΔT f1floor ≤ 180 and ΔT f1floor >√(500 / 3t pass(floor) ) and t escape(floor) >t d(room) Therefore, Z floor = 0.000. Thus, Z floor The calculation formula used to find the result is highlighted, and "〇" is displayed in the judgment route.

[0037] The building data input unit 24 has the function of inputting building data for verification by the room evacuation verification unit 12, the floor evacuation verification unit 14, and the whole building evacuation verification unit 16. Here, the data for the entire building is imported, and then specific attributes such as room data and fixture data are assigned.

[0038] Using the functions of the building data input unit 24, room data (room shape, use, type of interior finish (non-combustible material, semi-non-combustible material, flame-retardant material), smoke exhaust method (no smoke exhaust, natural smoke exhaust, mechanical smoke exhaust, second-class smoke exhaust), design floor height, ceiling height, etc.) are entered. In addition, room data such as floor area (wall-to-wall area), walking speed according to use, occupant density according to use, and heat generation of loaded combustible materials are entered.

[0039] Furthermore, joinery is installed in the openings of living spaces and comes in various types, such as single-leaf doors, double doors, large doors, sliding doors, three-sided frames, shutters, and windows. Using the functions of the building data input unit 24, joinery data such as the type of joinery, width, height, installation height, smoke-proof performance, effective width, and main door width are entered.

[0040] The building data input unit 24 displays the imported data for the entire building on the screen, and allows users to select various parameters or input numerical values ​​for each room, etc., enabling efficient data entry.

[0041] The memory unit 26 has the function of storing data entered by the building data input unit 24.

[0042] Next, the operation of the above-described evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 will be explained. In recent years, performance design using evacuation safety verification methods has become necessary when designing buildings. Generally, when evacuation safety verification is performed by inexperienced experts, there is a problem that it takes a long time to obtain certification from a review body. The evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 of the embodiment according to the present invention exhibits remarkable effectiveness in addressing this problem.

[0043] First, the building data input unit 24 of the building subject to evacuation safety verification is used to input the data. Then, the imported data for the entire building is displayed on the screen, and data for rooms, fixtures, etc., is input (S2). This process is performed by the functions of the building data input unit 24.

[0044] For example, you would input room data such as room shape, purpose, interior finish type, smoke exhaust method (no smoke exhaust, natural smoke exhaust, mechanical smoke exhaust, type 2 smoke exhaust), design floor height, ceiling height, floor area, walking speed according to purpose, occupant density according to purpose, and heat output of loaded combustible materials.

[0045] Additionally, you input the type of door (single-leaf door, double-leaf door, large door, sliding door, three-sided frame, shutter, window), as well as the width, height, installation height, smoke-proof performance, effective width, and main door width of the door.

[0046] After inputting building data such as room data and fixture data, the floor evacuation safety performance is verified. First, it is confirmed whether occupants can safely evacuate from the room that will become the fire room (S4).

[0047] Specifically, for each room on the floor being verified in the building, the time required for all occupants to evacuate the room is calculated. The time required for smoke and gas from the fire source to descend to a height that would hinder evacuation is also calculated. If the time required for evacuation does not exceed the time required for smoke descent, it is determined that evacuation from the room is possible. This process is performed by the functions of the room evacuation verification unit 12. If it is determined in step S4 that evacuation from the room is not possible, it is necessary to reconsider the design of the room.

[0048] In step S4, if it is determined that evacuation is possible from all rooms on the floor being examined, then it is confirmed whether all persons present on the floor being examined (including those who cannot evacuate without passing through that floor) can safely evacuate from that floor, including rooms other than the fire room (S6).

[0049] Specifically, the system calculates the floor evacuation completion time required for all persons on the floor being verified to have evacuated to the direct staircase or to the ground, and calculates the floor smoke descent time required for smoke or gas to descend to a height that would hinder evacuation along the evacuation route. If the floor evacuation completion time does not exceed the floor smoke descent time, it is determined that evacuation to the direct staircase is possible. This process is performed by the functions of the floor evacuation verification unit 14. If it is determined in step S6 that evacuation to the direct staircase is not possible, it is necessary to reconsider the design of the evacuation route, etc.

[0050] In step S6, if it is determined that evacuation is possible from all floors of the building being verified, it is confirmed whether all occupants, including those not in the room where the fire occurred, can safely evacuate to the ground floor (S8).

[0051] Specifically, the whole-building evacuation verification unit 16 calculates the time required for all occupants to evacuate to the outside of the building, based on the determination by the room evacuation verification unit 12 and the floor evacuation verification unit 14 that evacuation is possible on all floors of the building. It also calculates the time required for smoke or gas to enter through the direct stairwells or vertical shaft compartments, and determines that evacuation is possible if the whole-building evacuation completion time does not exceed the time of inflow. This process is performed by the functions of the whole-building evacuation verification unit 16. If it is determined in step S8 that evacuation to the outside of the building is not possible, it is necessary to reconsider the overall design of the entire building.

[0052] In conducting the evacuation safety verification described above, it is sometimes necessary to determine the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer in a living room based on the smoke and gas levels after the evacuation time to the living room has elapsed, or to determine the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer in the area adjacent to the fire-stricken room based on the smoke and gas levels after the evacuation time to the floor has elapsed.

[0053] In this case, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the calculation formulas selected from among multiple formulas according to each condition, as well as the formulas that were not selected, are displayed in a list, and the route of the selected formula is highlighted. This has the significant effect of allowing the person in charge of performing evacuation safety verification using the evacuation safety performance evaluation system 10 to easily analyze under what conditions and which formulas were used. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0054] 4 User terminals, 10 Evacuation safety performance evaluation system, 12 Room evacuation verification unit, 14 Floor evacuation verification unit, 16 Whole building evacuation verification unit, 18 Room smoke layer calculation unit, 20 Fire room smoke layer calculation unit, 22 Identification display unit, 24 Building data input unit, 26 Storage unit.

Claims

1. A system for evaluating the evacuation safety performance of buildings in the event of a fire, A room evacuation verification unit calculates the time required for all occupants to evacuate from each room on the floor to be verified in the aforementioned building, calculates the time required for smoke and gas from the fire source to descend to a height that would hinder evacuation, and determines that evacuation from the room is possible if the time required for the room evacuation does not exceed the time required for the smoke to descend. A floor evacuation verification unit calculates the floor evacuation completion time required for all persons on the floor to be verified to complete evacuation to the direct staircase or to the ground, calculates the floor smoke descent time required for the smoke or gas to descend to a height that would hinder evacuation along the evacuation route, and determines that evacuation to the direct staircase is possible if the floor evacuation completion time does not exceed the floor smoke descent time. If the room evacuation verification unit and the floor evacuation verification unit determine that evacuation is possible on all floors of the building, the whole building evacuation verification unit calculates the time required for all occupants of the building to evacuate to the outside of the building, calculates the time required for smoke or gas to enter the direct stairwell or vertical shaft compartment, and determines that evacuation is possible if the whole building evacuation completion time does not exceed the time of inflow. A room smoke layer calculation unit calculates the height of the lower end of the smoke layer in a room based on the smoke and gas when the aforementioned room evacuation completion time has elapsed, using a first set of calculation formulas determined according to the room evacuation completion time and the rising temperature of the smoke layer in the room. A fire room smoke layer calculation unit calculates the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer in the area adjacent to the fire room based on the smoke and gas when the evacuation time for the aforementioned floor has elapsed, using a second set of calculation formulas determined according to the evacuation time for the aforementioned floor, the smoke layer temperature rise in the area adjacent to the fire room, and the smoke leakage start time in the fire room. The first group of arithmetic expressions and the second group of arithmetic expressions are each selected from a plurality of arithmetic expressions according to a condition, and an identification display unit makes it possible to distinguish between the selected plurality of arithmetic expressions and the plurality of unselected arithmetic expressions, An evacuation safety performance evaluation system characterized by having the following features.

2. In the evacuation safety performance evaluation system according to claim 1, The evacuation safety performance evaluation system is characterized in that the identification display unit displays a list of calculation formulas including the selected calculation formulas and the unselected calculation formulas, and highlights only the selected calculation formulas.

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