A method for processing heat-sensitive materials in a vortex chamber.

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of processing materials, more particularly to a method for processing heat-sensitive materials in a vortex chamber, which can be used to dry, grind, heat treat and simultaneously separate heat-sensitive materials such as grass, straw, herbal materials, vegetables and other materials or mixtures of different plant materials into fractions, and also to process agricultural waste, in particular poultry manure, horse manure or cow manure, into safe organic materials, such as fertilizer. The vortex chamber contains a rotor for grinding the materials, is designed with adjustable volume, the side walls are constructed as right cylinders, and the outer surface of the side walls and / or the lower end wall of the chamber are provided with additional holes for removing the processed materials. The invention aims to obtain several end products with different consumer properties (fineness, moisture, density, etc.) from the materials, which can be obtained simultaneously.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material processing, and more particularly to the field of material processing. , Swirl Chamber The present invention relates to a method for processing heat-sensitive materials, which can be used to dry, grind, heat treat, and simultaneously separate heat-sensitive materials such as pasture grass, hay, medicinal plant materials, vegetables, and other materials, or mixtures of various plant materials. The present invention can also be used to process agricultural waste, particularly bird manure, horse and cattle manure, into safe organic materials such as fertilizer. [Background technology]

[0002] Modern poultry farms are known to be sources of large amounts of toxic waste that flows into the natural environment, in addition to producing their main products such as poultry meat and eggs. The main toxic waste is bird droppings, which are classified as hazardous organic matter and are subject to compulsory disposal. The putrefied litter produces toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and methane, and contains nitrates, antibiotics, pesticides harmful to humans, worm eggs, E. coli, Salmonella, and spores of harmful plants. Furthermore, such litter is a source of putrid odors and attracts swarms of flies. If litter is left for long periods in unpaved areas, it contaminates the soil, ground, and surface water.

[0003] To fundamentally solve the aforementioned problems in poultry farms, a technology is needed to process fresh bird manure continuously without letting it accumulate in the fields. One promising method of manure treatment is to heat-process the manure into various safe substances (organic fertilizer, powdered or pelletized energy carriers).

[0004] However, this technology, which involves heat-processing new bird droppings into safe organic products, must meet many stringent requirements.

[0005] Firstly, fresh, natural (residue-free) manure with a moisture content of approximately 75% poses a serious environmental problem if stored without processing, so it needs to be removed from the chicken coop and processed as quickly as possible.

[0006] Secondly, this technology should not cause environmental or human problems, either directly in its implementation process or when using products derived from heat-processed materials in the future. It should be safe not only in itself, but also safe during storage and should not pose any danger to people during use.

[0007] Thirdly, if this technology is implemented, it should be possible to provide manufacturers with a large consumer market demanding new environmentally friendly products at minimal cost, without requiring significant material or labor costs.

[0008] Fourth, new bird droppings processing technologies should be provided to produce an entire line of products with different consumer quality levels, and to achieve this, only slight changes in the technical aspects of material processing are necessary.

[0009] Fifth, the technology for processing fresh poultry manure should be implemented in close proximity to the poultry house to avoid incurring additional costs for transporting the material to be processed, which could result in partial losses and potentially contaminate the surrounding area. Additionally, waste from the poultry house, particularly dry exhaust gas that can be used to warm the house during colder seasons, may also be utilized.

[0010] Methods for processing poultry excrement are known, which involve drying the poultry manure in a gaseous heat transfer medium. However, in order to kill pathogenic bacteria and reduce exposure to drying, the manure is pre-dehydrated by pressurization and pulverization before processing in the gaseous heat transfer medium to obtain aggregates with the same particle size composition, and the heat transfer medium after interaction with the manure is used for deodorization (see SU535446, Class F26B 3 / 02, F26B 5 / 14, 1977).

[0011] The main drawbacks of known methods are the technical complexity of implementation and the low environmental safety. This is because implementing known methods requires not only a large number of different types of mechanized equipment (feed hoppers, conveyors, magnetic separators, squeezing presses, crushers, drying drums, cyclones, crushers, distribution augers, and deodorizers), but also a large amount of consumable resources (water, electricity, spare parts for machinery, lubricants, adsorbents for deodorizers), and most importantly, a considerable number of service personnel. The latter is explained by the fact that a large number of service personnel (operators and technicians) are always needed because of the large number of mechanized devices. The material being processed (bird droppings) is known to be quite aggressive to the metal parts of the product. Therefore, all equipment used is constantly exposed to corrosion and requires daily cleaning, periodic rust prevention and lubrication of moving parts, and most importantly, weekly maintenance. As a result of the daily cleaning, a large amount of water is used, and this water becomes contaminated with residues, becoming further toxic waste, thus requiring additional cleaning. At the same time, the heat transfer medium used to dry the crushed manure in the drying drum also needs to be cleaned, and for this purpose, it is passed through a deodorizer equipped with an adsorbent at the outlet of the cyclone to remove harmful gases and vapors. The adsorbent also needs to be disposed of periodically.

[0012] The closest thing to the claimed technical solution is a prototype in which moistened excrement is used with water. , Flat Swirl Chamber Including supplying vertically to , Swirl Chamber This is a method of processing poultry waste indoors, and this method involves moistening the waste with water , Flat Swirl Chamber To supply vertically , Swirl Chamber The end walls are manufactured in the shape of a rotating body. , Swirl Chamber Mechanically crushing on a horizontal rotor rotating at the center, passing through a tangential horizontal channel at the inlet. , the said swirl chamber The vortex of hot air entering , the said swirl chamber This involves injecting into the workspace, while hot air first dries the material and then passes it through a gas exhaust system in the form of a suspension. , in the said swirl chamberextracted from (see RU2397416, class F26B 17 / 10, F26B 3 / 12, 2010).

[0013] Known methods can directly process poultry excrement at its receiving location due to the simplicity of their implementation , Swirl Chamber compact design and the possibility of their continuous operation. , Swirl Chamber The advantages of excrement processing in , - Swirl Chamber are as follows: The operation of , is the said swirl chamber is guaranteed high reliability because there are no mechanisms (such as conveyors, gear mechanisms, etc.) with rubbing components inside, which are associated with the manure processing process. The only available mechanical part (rotating rotor) is installed on the motor shaft and is located , Swirl Chamber outside of it and is not affected by temperature in the heat exchange process inside; , - Swirl Chamber There are no sieves, grids, or other easily clogged parts inside that require regular cleaning or scheduled maintenance, so it is possible to work in a continuous mode for a long time; , - Swirl Chamber Inside, the entire cycle of manure processing into the final product of fine powder is carried out simultaneously, and this fine powder is taken out in the form of gas suspension from , the noted swirl chamber before; , - Swirl Chamber To implement the processing method in

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0014]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0015] The disadvantages of known methods for processing poultry excrement include, firstly, that only fine (powder-like) dry lumps mainly for combustion in a heat generating device can be obtained.

[0016] Secondly, in known methods, during the processing of the material, in order to separate the smaller and lighter "volatile" fraction of the material from the larger and heavier fraction, , inside the swirl chamber fraction separation cannot be caused, and this fraction can be used, for example, as a base for a long-acting organic fertilizer. Such fertilizers are usually used under perennial plants (trees and shrubs) once every few years.

[0017] Thirdly, in known methods, during the material processing, the operating parameters cannot be changed to adapt to the moisture content of the incoming material. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the supply of the raw material according to the moisture content of the raw material. , there is a swirl chamber The technical result of the proposed solution is

[0018] to eliminate these disadvantages while maintaining the main advantages of processing wet materials therein. That is , Swirl Chamber to improve the technology of processing wet materials therein not only to the form of a dusty gas suspension, but also to the stage of obtaining a plurality of finished products at once and products having different consumer qualities (size, moisture, density, etc.) from it, and to be able to obtain these products simultaneously. , Swirl Chamber

Means for Solving the Problems

[0019] Specific technical results are , Swirl Chamber a method for processing heat-sensitive materials therein, including vertically supplying a wet material into the former , the noted swirl chamber wherein, the wall of the former , the noted swirl chamber is made in the shape of a rotating body whose vertical axis coincides with the rotation axis of the rotor. This rotor mechanically crushes the incoming material and passes it through the inlet tangential flow path. , the swirl chamber The dry gas flowing in is drawn into a vortex, where the vortex first dries the material and then passes through the gas exhaust system into the form of a gas suspension. , in the said swirl chamber This is a method for extracting the aforementioned material from the previous , the noted swirl chamber It is configured to change its volume. , the said swirl chamber The upper and lower end walls are manufactured in the shape of a rotating body, and the side walls connecting them have the shape of the side surface of a right circular column, while the outer surface and / or front of the side walls are used to extract workpieces having different properties. , the noted swirl chamber This is achieved by providing an additional hole in the lower end wall.

[0020] The volume can be changed. , the swirl chamber Unlike the prototype, the present invention's method makes it possible to obtain recycled materials with different consumer qualities (size, moisture content, density, etc.). , the said swirl chamber By using the additional holes for extracting the workpiece located in the side wall and lower end wall, a predetermined workpiece can be obtained simultaneously.

[0021] before , the noted swirl chamber By changing the positions of the upper end wall and the lower end wall, , the noted swirl chamber The volume and dry gas vortex , and the swirl chamber The process of interaction with the workpiece material entering the rotor can be altered. After the material is crushed by the rotor, it is thrown against the sidewall and distributed in the form of a cylindrical layer of particles that interact with the swirling flow of dry gas. As a result of this interaction, the particles of the workpiece material become layered, with smaller, drier particles at the top of the cylindrical layer and larger, heavier particles at the bottom.

[0022] The advantages of the proposed method for treating wet materials include the following features:

[0023] Firstly, when the material being processed is non-uniform in terms of moisture content and component structure. , Swirl ChamberBy changing the operating volume, the processing technique can be quickly adjusted to materials with the required moisture content, density, and fineness, thereby , Swirl Chamber Conditions for segregating the workpiece material up to the height of the cylindrical layer of particles near the side wall. , into the swirl chamber It can be created internally.

[0024] Secondly, the proposed method is a heat treatment mode for heat-sensitive materials. , (Swirl Chamber This mode allows for adjustment over time (by changing the volume) , Swirl Chamber From the thermal shock mode achieved when the volume is small (short interaction between the workpiece and the drying gas, similar to the material pasteurization mode) , Swirl Chamber When the volume is large, the required properties are achieved not only in terms of moisture content but also density and fineness, by switching to a mode of gradual heating, prolonged exposure, and then withdrawal.

[0025] Thirdly, the proposed method involves the inlet tangential flow path for supplying the dry gas being positioned in front of the plane. , the noted swirl chamber Since the positions of the upper and lower end walls can be adjusted, the temperature distribution within the cylindrical layer of the dispersion material located within the vortex of the drying gas can be controlled. , Swirl Chamber Within this system, it becomes possible to implement various methods for processing heat-sensitive materials, offering significant technical advantages.

[0026] Fourth, the proposed method allows for the processing of workpieces with various consumer qualities (size, moisture content, density, etc.) separately or in combination, by using various additional holes. , the noted swirl chamber It becomes possible to extract them simultaneously.

[0027] Therefore, the claimed method for processing heat-sensitive materials , Swirl ChamberBy changing the volume, the technical process of interaction between the circular vortex flow of dry gas and the raw materials (with heterogeneous moisture content and component structure) can be significantly restructured, thereby effectively influencing the rotating cylindrical dispersion layer of crushed material, which occurs near the side cylindrical wall and forms zones of the workpiece material with different moisture content, density, and dispersion, i.e., before , the noted swirl chamber During processing, it becomes possible to directly classify the workpiece material, and specific workpiece materials with different consumer qualities (size, moisture content, density, etc.) can be simultaneously removed into different sealed containers through additional holes. Therefore, this proposed method not only significantly improves the productivity of wet material processing, but also eliminates the need for further equipment for subsequent separation of workpiece materials, which is , Swirl Chamber Within this context, there is no prior art among known methods for processing heat-sensitive materials, and therefore, the criterion of "inventive step" is met.

[0028] The essence of the proposed technical solution is explained by the diagrams shown in Figures 1-4. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0029] , [Figure 1]A vertical cross-sectional view of a vortex chamber for implementing the proposed method is shown. In the figure, the vortex chamber has a side wall 1 having the shape of a right cylindrical side; upper end walls 2 and lower end walls 3 of the vortex chamber are made in the shape of a rotating body and are provided to be movable along the axis of the vortex chamber to change the volume of the vortex chamber while maintaining airtightness by seal rings 4a and 4σ; a rotating rotor 5 having radial blades 6 for mechanically crushing the wet material entering the vortex chamber; an inlet tangential channel 7 through which a dry gas flow enters the vortex chamber (Figure 2 shows its cross-section AA); a gas exhaust system 8 for removing gas suspensions and cooling the dry gas and vapor; a corrugated coupling 9 for maintaining airtightness of the vortex chamber when changing the volume of the vortex chamber; and a system for supplying wet material to the vortex chamber. The diagram shows a vertical feed channel 10 for processing; an additional hole 11 in the lower wall of the vortex chamber for removing the densest particles of the dry material and foreign matter such as stones, metal particles, and other similar objects accidentally mixed into the workpiece from the vortex chamber; a gate valve 12 for closing the material outlet from the additional hole 11; a channel 13 for moving the densest particles of the dry material and foreign matter to a sealed container 14; additional holes 15a and 15B in the side wall of the vortex chamber for removing dry material particles of varying densities into the sealed container; gate valves 16a and 16B for closing the additional outlets 15a and 15B; and channels 17a and 17B (the container itself is not shown) for moving recycled material particles to a sealed container. , [Figure 2] This diagram illustrates a vertical feed channel apparatus equipped with a typical sluice dispenser 18 (not shown in Figure 1) for supplying wet material to the vortex chamber. , [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional drawing AA illustrating the inlet tangential channel 7 equipped with a guide tangential plate 19. , [Figure 4] A cross-sectional diagram B-B illustrates a gas exhaust system 8 connected to a typical cyclone (not shown) for separating gaseous suspended matter from dry gas. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0030] As shown in Figure 1 below..., the swirl chamber The proposal method using will be explained in more detail. Before starting the work, , the noted swirl chamber Additional holes 11 and additional holes 15a to 15 provided on the surface B This refers to gate valve 12 and gate valves 16a~16 B It is pre-closed by [a certain mechanism]. Furthermore, with the assistance of a drive device (the drive device for rotor 5 is not shown in Figure 1), rotor 5 is set to rotate at a rotational speed not exceeding 50% of its nominal speed, and dry gas at a temperature of 150-200°C passes through the inlet tangential flow path 7. , the swirl chamber Starts being supplied inside , Swirl Chamber A violent vortex gas flow is generated inside. This vortex gas flow is forward , the noted swirl chamber The wall begins to heat up. The cooled dry gas is discharged through the gas exhaust system 8. . Swirl Chamber When the temperature of the wall becomes approximately equal to the temperature of the dry gas, a continuous flow of wet material (e.g., bird droppings with a moisture content of approximately 75%) (adjustable from 30% to the rated value) passes through the vertical inlet channel 10. , Swirl Chamber It is supplied to the rotor 5 having radial blades 6, thrown by centrifugal force to the edge of the bottom wall 3 which is angled upward, and then bounced upward along the heated side wall 1, where it is captured by a cylindrical vortex gas flow of high-temperature dry gas.

[0031] Thus, , the noted swirl chamber Inside, interaction is achieved between the bird droppings crushed by the blades 6 of the rotor 5 and the cylindrical vortex gas flow of dry gas. As a result, a stable vortex dispersion layer is formed near the side wall, and this vortex dispersion layer is formed by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotor 5 and by the exposure of the bird droppings particles to the rotating vortex gas flow of dry gas. , Swirl Chamber It is held inside. In continuous mode, the bird droppings flow through the input channel 10 in small amounts, so the bird droppings , is the swirl chamberAs it is supplied, the thickness of the vortex dispersion layer increases, and simultaneously, stratification (segregation) begins because both sufficiently small, dry particles and newly introduced, wet, large, and dense particles are present in the layer. After the gas suspension containing the lightest dust particles of the processed material begins to flow through the gas exhaust system 8 along with the cooled dry gas and vapor. , Swirl Chamber The system enters steady-state operation mode. By this point, the rotor speed and wet material supply rate have reached 100% of their rated values. , the noted swirl chamber After entering steady-state operation mode, it becomes possible to select workpieces having different consumer qualities (size, moisture content, density, etc.), and for this purpose, one or more gate valves 12 and gate valves 16a to 16 B The opening is slightly opened. As a result, the workpieces, which have different consumer qualities, are layered along the height of the cylindrical vortex shell, and the flexible hose is used to pass through channels 17a to 17. B The contents can then be removed into the sealed container 12 and other sealed containers (not shown in Figure 1) that are connected to it.

[0032] Next, various examples of processing of wet materials carried out by the method described in the claims are described below.

[0033] Example 1 In the specified embodiment, large quantities of agricultural waste, such as natural bird manure with a moisture content of approximately 75%, are used as the material to be processed. This waste is highly toxic due to the large amount of various pathogenic microorganisms it contains, and therefore cannot be used directly as fertilizer. Furthermore, its release into fields is not permitted due to its high toxicity. At the same time, poultry farms generate hundreds of tons of this waste daily, requiring daily disposal. The proposed method is suitable for solving this problem.

[0034] Before starting work , Swirl Chamber Additional holes 11 and 15a to 15 provided on the surface for extracting the workpiece B This is connected to an elastic hose (not shown) and slide gates 16a-16 BIt is used to connect to a sealed container. At the same time, the additional extraction flow path is adjusted to achieve a minimum output, for example, by slightly opening a slide gate determined experimentally.

[0035] Raise the lower end wall 3 as high as possible close to the tangential gas supply flow path 7, and raise the upper end wall 2 , Swirl Chamber as high as possible within the allowable range of the design.

[0036] Next, rotate the rotor 5 of the drying chamber at a rotational speed in the range of 40 - 50% of the rated rotational speed.

[0037] Next, supply a drying gas at a temperature of 150 - 200°C into the inlet tangential gas supply path 7 or , from the swirl chamber inside to form a strong swirling gas flow. After heating to a temperature close to that of the drying gas, supply wet natural bird droppings with a moisture content of about 75% through the vertical input flow path 10 for wet materials , Swirl Chamber inside. At the same time, the slide gate valves 16a - 16 , in the said swirl chamber begin to open synchronously to ensure that the extraction from the supply of bird droppings , the swirl chamber is synchronized. The synchronization of the extraction is controlled, for example, by the gravimetric method. To do this B continuously measure the weight of the material being processed inside , and the swirl chamber to keep the weight of the material inside constant. The air ducts, pipes, and other devices , Swirl Chamber connected to , Swirl Chamber are connected so as not to interfere with the weighing. . The said swirl chamber The air ducts, pipes, and other devices connected to , in the said swirl chamber are connected so as not to interfere with the weighing.

[0038] Adjust the rotational speed of the rotor to the rated value. Then , Swirl Chamber sequentially control the weight of the finished product withdrawn from the various additional holes 15a - 15 B on the side wall 1 of Before , the noted swirl chamber When it switches to the steady - state operation mode, the weight of the material (including vapor) withdrawn from the chamber is controlled to correspond to the weight of the wet material introduced through the input flow path 10. Then, the various additional holes 15a - 15 BAnalyze the outflow rate of the workpiece material from the additional hole 15. B If the flow velocity of the workpiece passing through the hole 15σ is significantly lower (for example, 5 times or more) than the flow velocity passing through the hole 15σ, the upper end wall 2 will be opened to the hole 15 B Lower it further down, slide gate valve 16 B The openings are preemptively closed. Similarly, the flow velocity of the workpiece material from the additional holes 15σ and 15a is monitored. When the flow velocities of the material through holes 15σ and 15a are nearly identical, the downward movement of the upper wall 2 is stopped. Next, material samples are taken from the additional holes 15σ and 15a, as well as from hole 11 in the lower wall 3, to analyze the material's moisture parameters. If the moisture parameters are appropriate, further processing is carried out in a steady state. Appropriate moisture parameters may be, for example, as follows: - Bird droppings with a moisture content of approximately 60% are removed from the lower additional hole 11 of the lower end wall 3 and sent out for further processing, such as composting; - Bird droppings with a moisture content of 15-20% are collected from an additional hole 15σ at the midpoint of the side wall 1. This is mixed with dried bird droppings separated from the gas suspension after passing through the gas exhaust system 8 (after drying and washing in a cyclone), and the mixture is sent out for pelletization. The resulting pellets are used as fuel pellets, and the heat of combustion is used, for example, for heating the composting room (in winter) and for hot water supply. The incinerated ash is also used as mineral phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. - Bird droppings with a moisture content of approximately 40% are collected from the additional hole 15a at the bottom of the side wall 1, granulated, and used as granular fertilizer.

[0039] Thus, the proposed method solves the problem of disposing of natural bird droppings and allows for the extraction of a wide range of useful products from them. The individual sets of products are selected at the user's discretion.

[0040] Example 2 For example, in a poultry farm, manure needs to be processed into fine fuel particles in order to be made into pellets. No other products are needed. For this purpose, the same technical process as described in Example 1 is used, but the positions of the upper wall 2 and lower wall 3 are set as follows: - Move the lower end wall 3 downward by approximately half of the maximum possible distance from the inlet tangential gas supply passage 7; - The upper end wall 2 remains at its upper end position; - Start the device in the same manner as described in Example 1; - After the device has reached a steady state of operation, additional holes 15a~15 in the side wall 1 B (In reality, there may be far more pores than shown in Figure 1), so take the sample from top to bottom; - When analyzing the sample, select a pore (for example, one that is found to be pore 15a) from which material with parameters that do not meet the required moisture characteristics (e.g., moisture content greater than 15%) emerges. Close this opening 15a; - Hole 15σ remains open. Open hole 15σ (In Figure 1, this hole is hole 15 B The remaining holes located above ) also close. Therefore, only one opening 15σ in the side wall 1 remains open; - The upper end wall 2 has an open hole 15σ and the closest closed hole 15 above it. B Lower it to approximately the middle of the distance and leave it there; - Material selection is performed through the open 15σ hole and from below the cyclone, where the dry gas is cleaned from the gas suspension that exits through the gas exhaust system 8; -The selected material (from the 15σ pore and below the cyclone) is mixed and sent out for pelletizing.

[0041] Example 3 For example, in a poultry farm, manure needs to be processed into fine fuel for burning in a dust burner. No other products are needed.

[0042] The processing is carried out in the same manner as in Example 2, but after reaching a steady state of operation, all additional holes 15 in the side wall 1 are closed, and the material is removed only through the gas exhaust system 8 in the form of a gaseous suspension.

[0043] The difference from Example 2 is that the properties of the sampled material are further tuned by moving the upper wall 2 up and down by the same amount in sync with the lower wall 3, within the possible stroke allowed by the design of the dryer.

[0044] When the upper wall 2 and the lower wall 3 are moved upward by the same distance in sync, the lower wall 3 approaches the gas supply passage 7 in the tangential direction of the inlet. As a result, the workpiece dries rapidly near the rotor 5 and becomes less susceptible to pulverization. This is because even relatively large particles, once sufficiently dry, quickly move away from the pulverization zone near the rotor 5.

[0045] When the upper end wall 2 and the lower end wall 3 are lowered synchronously by the same distance, the reverse process is observed. When the upper end wall 2 and the lower end wall 3 are moved downward synchronously by the same distance, the lower end wall 3 moves further away from the inlet tangential gas supply channel 7. As a result, the workpiece dries more slowly in the region of the rotor 5. Because of this, the workpiece becomes heavier due to the large amount of water present in it, remains in the region of the rotor 5 longer, and is further pulverized by its blades 6. As a result, the particles become smaller and smaller. Particles that have reached a sufficiently large degree of pulverization, even if relatively wet, are carried out by the dry gas flow in the form of gaseous suspensions through the gas exhaust system 8.

[0046] In this case, if the moisture content of the entangled particles is unacceptably high, the particles can be further dried by moving the upper end wall 2 further upward, regardless of the lower end wall 3. In this case, as already described above... , the swirl chamber Due to the segregation of particles within the device, drier particles are carried away by the flow of dry gas through the gas exhaust system 8. Therefore, in this case, by synchronously moving the upper wall 2 and the lower wall 3 in one direction by different values, it becomes possible to satisfy both the required size and the required moisture content of the particles to be processed.

[0047] Example 4 For example, a company that manufactures compound feed, including poultry feed, needs to process plant materials such as freshly cut hay into vitamin powder and use it as one of the components of the compound feed. The main challenge in this case is to quickly grind the raw materials and dry them to the required moisture content while retaining as much useful substances as possible, such as vitamins, in the resulting product. This objective is achieved by organizing a technical process that not only rapidly grinds the raw materials but also rapidly heat-treats them. This process can be compared to the pasteurization process used in the production of dairy products and melange. The essence of such a heat treatment process, also called "thermal pulse," is to quickly heat the raw materials to the required temperature, quickly remove them from the heating zone, and then rapidly cool them. A key feature of this process is that the upper wall 2 and the lower wall 3 move as close to each other as possible. , Swirl Chamber The goal is to minimize the volume (in this case, it is clear that the upper end wall 2 remains above the gas supply passage 7 tangential to the inlet, and the lower end wall 3 remains below this passage). , Swirl Chamber By minimizing the volume, the contact time between the high-temperature drying gas and the workpiece can be minimized.

[0048] This process can be explained in more detail as follows: - The upper end wall 2 is brought as close as possible to the inlet tangential gas supply passage 7, but one additional hole 15a is left in the side wall 1 between the inlet tangential gas supply passage 7 and the upper end wall 2 (all additional holes 15σ and 15 are located above it). B Close it); - Raise the lower end wall 3 as close as possible to the inlet tangential gas supply passage 7 (as far as the device design allows); -As described in Example 1, the device is activated and brought into a steady-state operating state. - A sample was taken from hole 15a in the side wall 1 (as described in Example 1), and the drying gas temperature , and the swirl chamber The speed at which the material passes through is empirically selected to correspond to the technical schedule for processing the material; -As described in Example 3, the required parameters (size and moisture content) of the workpiece are achieved by moving the upper wall 2 and the lower wall 3; - If, according to the analysis results of the workpiece material, a lower moisture content is required, i.e., the workpiece material needs to be drier, the upper end wall 2 is raised further (regardless of the position of the lower end wall 3), an additional hole 15σ closest to the upper end wall 2 of the side wall 1 is opened, and the hole 15a is closed to initiate material selection; - The workpiece material removed from the additional hole 15σ in the side wall 1, and the material carried out in the form of a gaseous suspension, are sent out for rapid cooling.

[0049] Example 5 Companies that produce compound feed, including poultry feed, need to process plant-based materials (medicinal herbs whose root systems are partially contaminated with soil because they are harvested by digging) into medicinal additives for poultry feed.

[0050] The processing of such materials should be carried out in the same manner as in Example 4, but at the same time, the following characteristics of this type of raw material should be taken into consideration: - Because medicinal raw materials are very expensive, it is necessary to minimize losses during processing; - The sand remaining in the root system is undesirable for poultry feed, so it needs to be removed as much as possible during processing.

[0051] Considering the aforementioned requirements, the technical process of the machining may be modified (compared to Example 4) as follows: - The lower end wall 3 is installed below the inlet tangential gas supply channel 7 (the exact position of the wall 3 is selected experimentally), and the lower end wall 3 moves independently of the upper end wall 2; - The gate valve 12 is opened periodically (the frequency of opening is selected experimentally) to close the outlet of material from the additional hole 11 in the lower end wall 3 and remove the sand accumulated from the root system.

[0052] To test the proposed processing method for moist and heat-sensitive materials , Swirl ChamberA model was created, and its vertical cross-section is shown in Figure 1. . The said swirl chamber The specifications are as follows: , - Swirl Chamber Minimum volume - 0.3 cubic meters; - Maximum volume: 0.86 cubic meters; , - Swirl Chamber Diameter -0.8m; , - Swirl Chamber Its total height is 1.8 meters; , - Swirl Chamber Weight of materials permanently located inside: 5-12 kg; - Dry gas temperature: -120 to 400°C; -Rotor's rated rotational speed: 1500 rpm.

[0053] , Swirl Chamber In certain models, the broad potential of the proposed methods (not limited to Examples 1 to 5) for processing heat-sensitive materials, including natural bird droppings and plant-based medicinal raw materials, was experimentally confirmed.

Claims

1. A method for processing a heat-sensitive material in a vortex chamber, This includes supplying a wet material vertically into the vortex chamber, The wall of the vortex chamber is formed to be rotationally symmetric with respect to the vertical axis, where the vertical axis coincides with the rotation axis of the rotor. In a method in which the rotor mechanically crushes the incoming material and entrains it in a vortex of dry gas flowing into the vortex chamber through an inlet tangential channel, the vortex first dries the material, and then removes the material from the vortex chamber in the form of a gaseous suspension through a gas exhaust system, The vortex chamber is configured to change its volume, The upper and lower walls of the vortex chamber are formed to be rotationally symmetric with respect to the vertical axis and are configured to be movable in the vertical axis direction. The side walls connecting these end walls have the shape of the side of a right circular column. A method characterized in that additional holes are provided in the outer surface of the side wall and / or the lower end wall of the vortex chamber for removing the workpiece.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the vortex chamber is changed by raising or lowering only the upper end wall or only the lower end wall of the vortex chamber.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the vortex chamber is changed by raising the upper end wall of the vortex chamber and simultaneously lowering the lower end wall.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the vortex chamber is changed by lowering the upper end wall of the vortex chamber while simultaneously raising the lower end wall.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement of the upper end wall and the lower end wall of the vortex chamber is performed in one direction while maintaining a constant volume of the vortex chamber.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement of the upper end wall and the lower end wall of the vortex chamber is performed in one direction while changing the volume of the vortex chamber.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that additional holes provided in the side wall of the vortex chamber are provided at different heights, and different fractions of the workpiece can be extracted from the holes.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that additional holes provided in the lower end wall of the vortex chamber allow the heaviest particles of the workpiece, as well as foreign matter, such as stone or metal particles, to be removed from the holes.

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