Methods for evaluating building materials

Abstract

To enable more accurate evaluation of durability of building materials in an environment in which the building materials are to be actually installed, and to save labor in construction.SOLUTION: A building material evaluation method is provided, comprising determining a test method for evaluating durability of a building material under evaluation according to characteristics of an environment in which the building material under evaluation is to be installed, and evaluating durability of the building material under evaluation using the determined test method.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for evaluating building materials.

Background Art

[0002] Building materials that make up a building are likely to undergo deterioration phenomena such as metal corrosion over time. Therefore, it is important to select building materials that are difficult to deteriorate and have desired durability when constructing or repairing a building. Patent Document 1 discloses a prediction device for predicting the durability of materials.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] The deterioration acceleration device included in the prediction device described in Patent Document 1 is described as being composed of well-known environmental test devices such as a sunshine weather meter, a salt spray tester, a gas corrosion tester, etc. However, the environments where building materials are actually installed are individually different, and it may be difficult to appropriately predict the durability of building materials by only conducting a deterioration test using well-known environmental test devices. Similarly, building material catalogs only describe the results of tests conducted assuming a predetermined environment and the results by general test methods (such as a salt spray test, etc.). Therefore, when installing building materials in an environment different from the time of the test described in the catalog, it is difficult to judge the durability of building materials based on the catalog results.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to more accurately evaluate the durability of building materials in the environment where the building materials are actually installed.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention comprises the steps of: determining a test method for evaluating the durability of a building material based on the properties of the environment in which the building material is installed; and evaluating the durability of the building material using the determined test method, wherein the test method is The evaluation building material is placed on a portion of the beaker lid, and a gas vaporized from elements affecting the durability of the building material is brought into contact with the evaluation building material. This is a method for evaluating building materials characterized by [unclear / unclear]. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, the durability of building materials in the environment in which they are actually installed can be evaluated more accurately. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a flowchart illustrating the evaluation method for the evaluation building material in the first embodiment. [Figure 2] This table shows an example of a test method determined based on the properties of the environment. [Figure 3] Figures 3A to 3C are explanatory diagrams of a test method that simulates a pool environment. [Figure 4] This graph shows an example of test results. [Figure 5] This is a flowchart illustrating the evaluation method for evaluation building materials (combinations of multiple building materials) in the second embodiment. [Figure 6] Figures 6A to 6C are explanatory diagrams of a test method that simulates a pool environment. [Figure 7] This is the flow for reviewing the results of the evaluation test. [Figure 8] This flowchart shows the evaluation method for an environment suitable for the evaluation building material in the third embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] The following information will become clear from the description in the specification and drawings described later. A method for evaluating building materials, comprising the steps of: determining a test method for evaluating the durability of a building material based on the properties of the environment in which the building material is installed; and evaluating the durability of the building material using the determined test method.

[0010] This method of evaluating building materials allows for testing of the materials under conditions similar to those in the actual installation environment. Therefore, it enables a more accurate evaluation of the durability of building materials in the actual installation environment.

[0011] A method for evaluating such building materials, comprising the step of investigating and analyzing the environment and identifying the properties of the environment before the step of determining the test method, and characterized in that, in the evaluation step, the durability of multiple types of the evaluation building materials is evaluated using the same test method.

[0012] This method of evaluating building materials allows for testing by adding factors that affect the durability of the building materials in the actual environment in which they will be installed (e.g., humidity, corrosive substances, etc.) to the evaluated building materials. From among multiple types of evaluated building materials, it is then possible to select a material that possesses the desired durability in the environment in which it will be installed.

[0013] A method for evaluating such building materials, characterized in that, in the step of determining the test method, the test method is determined for each of the properties of multiple types of the environment, and in the step of evaluation, the durability of the building material to be evaluated is evaluated using each of the test methods based on the properties of the multiple types of the environment.

[0014] This method of evaluating building materials allows for a more accurate assessment of the durability of a particular building material in the environment in which it will actually be installed. Therefore, it becomes possible to select an environment in which the building material will exhibit the desired durability, and thus the building material can be utilized effectively.

[0015] A method for evaluating such building materials, wherein the evaluation building materials include a first building material and a second building material installed in contact with the first building material, and in the evaluation step, using the test method, the durability of the first building material alone, the durability of the second building material alone, and the durability in the state where the second building material is in contact with the first building material are respectively evaluated. This is a method for evaluating building materials.

[0016] According to such a method for evaluating building materials, it is possible to perform an evaluation that reproduces the state where the durability of each other is affected when the first building material and the second building material are in contact. Therefore, the durability when the first building material and the second building material are actually installed in contact can be evaluated more accurately.

[0017] A method for evaluating such building materials, wherein the first building material and the second building material are different types of members, and in the evaluation step, the presence or absence of the occurrence of dissimilar metal contact corrosion at the contact portion between the first building material and the second building material is confirmed. This is a method for evaluating building materials.

[0018] According to such a method for evaluating building materials, it is possible to prevent the selection of a combination of building materials whose durability is significantly reduced when the first building material and the second building material are in contact.

[0019] A method for evaluating such building materials, wherein the evaluation building materials include a first building material and a second building material, and the second building material is a connecting member that connects the first building materials to each other or connects another building material to the first building material. In the evaluation step, using the test method, the durability of the first building material alone and the durability of the second building material alone are respectively evaluated, and it is confirmed that the durability of the second building material alone is higher than the durability of the first building material alone. This is a method for evaluating building materials.

[0020] According to such a method for evaluating building materials, the durability of the second building material (connecting member) with a small surface area can be made higher than the durability of the first building material, and it is possible to prevent the overall durability from decreasing when the first building material and the second building material are used in combination.

[0021] ===First Embodiment=== Figure 1 is a flowchart showing the evaluation method for the building material in the first embodiment. Figure 2 is a table showing an example of a test method determined based on the properties of the environment. Figures 3A to 3C are explanatory diagrams of a test method simulating a swimming pool environment (hot spring facility). Figure 4 is a graph showing an example of test results.

[0022] Building materials that make up a building include components used to form part or all of the building, such as exterior walls, interior walls, sandwich panels, ceilings (attices), roofs, doors, louvers, window frames, and equipment frames. Building materials are susceptible to deterioration phenomena such as metal corrosion over time due to the influence of the environment in which they are installed. Therefore, when constructing or repairing a building, it is important to select building materials (materials) that are resistant to deterioration and have the desired durability. For example, building material catalogs include durability results tested under specified environments or durability results from general test methods (e.g., salt spray tests). However, the environment in which building materials are actually installed differs from case to case. Therefore, it is difficult to select building materials to be used in a building based on the data shown in the catalog.

[0023] Therefore, in the first embodiment, the durability of building materials is evaluated according to the flow shown in Figure 1. In the first embodiment, the durability of multiple candidate building materials (materials) for a particular building material constituting a building is evaluated. The building material to be evaluated (hereinafter also referred to as "evaluated building material") is a metal member. However, the evaluated building material is not limited to a metal member, and may be concrete, wood, rubber, resin (plastic) member, etc.

[0024] First, the environment in which the building materials to be evaluated will be installed will be investigated and analyzed to identify the properties of the environment (S01). "Properties of the environment" refer to "factors that affect the durability of the building materials" and "the method of contact between those factors and the building materials." Factors that affect the durability of the building materials include temperature, humidity (water), sunlight (ultraviolet rays), rain (acid rain), and corrosive substances (e.g., salt, hypochlorous acid, alcohol, hydrogen sulfide). The method of contact between those factors and the building materials includes contact time, contact interval, and method of contact (e.g., whether the materials are immersed in a liquid containing the factors, sprayed with a liquid, or installed in a space where a gas containing the factors is present).

[0025] Specifically, if the building material being evaluated is a metal component, the elements shown in Figure 2 affect its durability (rust formation, etc.). If the building material being evaluated is concrete, carbon dioxide, salt (chloride ions), temperature (freezing), etc. affect its durability (cracking due to carbonation, rusting of internal reinforcing steel, etc.). If the building material being evaluated is wood, ultraviolet rays, rain, snow, temperature, humidity, etc. affect its durability (decomposition and leaching of lignin, occurrence of decay fungi and termites, etc.). If the building material being evaluated is a rubber component, ozone, light, ultraviolet rays, etc. affect its durability (oxidative degradation, cracking, decomposition, etc.). If the building material being evaluated is resin, sunlight, ultraviolet rays, temperature, rain, snow, etc. affect its durability (decomposition of resin, deterioration of interlayer adhesion, swelling, etc.).

[0026] Environmental surveys can be conducted using well-known methods. For example, this could involve installing various sensors (temperature and humidity meters, rain gauges, light sensors, etc.) in the environment where building materials are installed, collecting rainfall and air samples for component analysis, or using chemicals that react with corrosive substances. The period for environmental surveys can be relatively short (daily, weekly, or monthly) or long (year-round). Surveys can also be conducted seasonally.

[0027] Next, based on the properties of the environment in which the building material will be installed, a test method for evaluating the durability of the building material is determined (S02). The test method may be a test method specified in JIS or similar standards, a test method that partially conforms to a test method specified in JIS or similar standards, or a test method that is independently established.

[0028] Specifically, when the building material to be evaluated is a metal component (for example, hot-dip galvanized steel sheet), it is advisable to determine the test method based on the properties of the environment, as shown in the table in Figure 2. (1) If building materials are installed outdoors in an environment where they are exposed to sunlight and rain, it is advisable to use the "direct exposure test method" of JIS H 8502:1999 "Outdoor exposure test method".

[0029] (2) When building materials are installed under eaves or in a semi-outdoor environment where they are shielded from sunlight and rain, it is advisable to use the "shielded exposure test method" of JIS H 8502:1999 "Outdoor exposure test method".

[0030] (3) If building materials are installed outdoors near the coast and are exposed to sea spray and sea breeze, and affected by sea salt, it is advisable to use the "Neutral Salt Spray Test Method" from JIS H 8502:1999 "Continuous Spray Test Method" or the "Neutral Salt Spray Cycle Test Method" from JIS H 8502:1999 "Cycle Test Method".

[0031] (4) If building materials are installed outdoors in areas with acid rain and are exposed to acid rain, it is advisable to use the "artificial acid rain cycle test method" of JIS H 8502:1999 "cycle test method".

[0032] (5) If the building material is installed as an interior wall or handrail in a swimming pool or hot spring facility and is in an environment where it is exposed to liquid containing hypochlorous acid, it is advisable to decide on a test method in which the building material to be evaluated is immersed in a hypochlorous acid solution.

[0033] (6) If the building material is installed in the changing rooms or ceiling spaces of swimming pools or hot spring facilities and is exposed to a gas containing hypochlorous acid, it is advisable to determine a test method in which the building material to be evaluated is placed in a space where a gas containing hypochlorous acid is present.

[0034] (7) If the building material is installed in a storage facility for alcoholic beverages such as whiskey or wine, and is exposed to an environment containing alcohol gas, it is advisable to determine a test method in which the building material to be evaluated is placed in a space where alcohol gas is present.

[0035] (8) If building materials are installed outdoors in a hot spring area or near a volcano and are exposed to volcanic gases, it is advisable to use JIS H 8502:1999 "Gas Corrosion Test Methods". Depending on the components contained in the volcanic gas, it is advisable to choose one or more of the following test methods from "Gas Corrosion Test Methods": "Sulfur Dioxide Gas Test Method", "Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Test Method", "Chlorine Gas Test Method", and "Mixed Gas Test Method".

[0036] Thus, if a test method is specified in JIS or similar standards that adds elements affecting the durability of building materials (elements identified in S01) to the evaluated building materials, it is advisable to use that specified test method. However, if a test method is not specified in JIS or similar standards that adds elements affecting the durability of building materials (e.g., hypochlorous acid or alcohol) to the evaluated building materials, such as in swimming pool environments, hot spring facilities, or alcohol storage facilities, it is advisable to evaluate the building materials using an independent test method.

[0037] The unique testing method involves creating a simulated environment that mimics the environment in which the building materials will be installed, and then testing the evaluation materials in this simulated environment, or by installing the evaluation materials at an actual construction site. This allows for testing with elements that affect the durability of the building materials (elements identified in S01, such as hypochlorous acid and alcohol), and enables evaluation of the evaluation materials' durability against those elements.

[0038] For example, when evaluating the durability of building materials installed in a swimming pool (hot spring facility) that are exposed to a liquid containing hypochlorous acid (Figure 2 (5)), the test methods shown in Figures 3A and 3B may be used. Specifically, in Figure 3A, the building material to be evaluated 1 is immersed in a hypochlorous acid solution 13, the lid of the beaker 11 is closed, and the building material to be evaluated 1 is placed inside the beaker 11. Then, the beaker 11 is placed in a constant temperature bath 10. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 3B, the beaker 11 may be set in a water bath 14. The concentration of the hypochlorous acid solution 13 may be about the same as the concentration of hypochlorous acid in an actual swimming pool, or it may be made more concentrated to accelerate the deterioration of the building material to be evaluated. Also, as shown in Figure 3A, only a part of the building material to be evaluated 1 may be immersed in the hypochlorous acid solution 13, or as shown in Figure 3B, the entire building material to be evaluated 1 may be immersed in the hypochlorous acid solution 13.

[0039] In the case of Figure 3A, the temperature inside the constant temperature bath 10 is kept constant (for example, 40°C) using a temperature controller (not shown), and the test is conducted while keeping the temperature of the hypochlorous acid solution 13 inside the beaker 11 constant (for example, 40°C). Similarly in the case of Figure 3B, the temperature of the water 15 inside the water bath 14 is kept constant (for example, 40°C) using a temperature controller (not shown), and the test is conducted while keeping the temperature of the hypochlorous acid solution 13 inside the beaker 11 constant (for example, 40°C). In this way, the durability of the building material can be tested by simulating the environment in which pool water comes into contact with the building material.

[0040] On the other hand, even when installed in the same pool (hot spring facility), if the durability of building materials exposed to gas containing hypochlorous acid is to be evaluated (Figure 2 (6)), the test method shown in Figure 3C should be used. That is, gas containing hypochlorous acid vaporized from the hypochlorous acid aqueous solution 13 is brought into contact with the building material 1 to be evaluated. In Figure 3C, the building material 1 to be evaluated is placed on a part of the lid 12 of the beaker 11. Note that as shown in Figure 3C, a part of the building material 1 to be evaluated may be exposed to the outside of the beaker 11, or the entire building material 1 to be placed inside the beaker 11. Then, the temperature of the hypochlorous acid aqueous solution 13 is kept constant (for example, 40°C) using a heater or the like (not shown). In addition, the environment inside the constant temperature bath 11 is set to change between a high temperature environment (for example, 60°C) and a low temperature environment (for example, 20°C) at regular intervals (for example, every hour).

[0041] By doing so, condensation and drying repeatedly occur on the surface of the evaluation material 1 that is in contact with the gas containing hypochlorous acid (the surface facing the inside of beaker 11). Therefore, although it is unlikely that pool water will come into contact with it, the durability of the evaluation material can be tested by simulating an environment in which vaporized pool water comes into contact with the building material and condensation occurs on the building material.

[0042] Furthermore, the test methods determined based on the properties of the environment are not limited to those exemplified in Figure 2. For example, when a liquid containing hypochlorous acid comes into contact with building materials (Figure 2 (6)), instead of the test methods shown in Figures 3A and 3B, a test method partially conforming to the "Neutral Salt Spray Test Method" of JIS H 8502:1999 "Continuous Spray Test Method" may be used, in which an aqueous hypochlorous acid solution is sprayed onto the building material under evaluation instead of a sodium chloride solution.

[0043] Furthermore, when building materials are installed in a storage facility for alcoholic beverages (Figure 2(7)), the test method shown in Figure 3C should be used. However, instead of the hypochlorous acid solution 13, an alcohol solution or the actual alcoholic beverages to be stored should be placed in the beaker 11. By doing so, the durability of the building material can be tested by simulating an environment in which the building material comes into contact with an alcohol-containing gas.

[0044] Furthermore, the test method is not limited to tests that accelerate the deterioration of the building material being evaluated; it may also be a test that simulates deterioration at approximately the same rate as the installation environment. Also, the environment illustrated in Figure 2 is just an example and is not limited to it. For example, in the case of a building installed near a factory, it may be affected by corrosive gases emitted from the factory. Therefore, it is advisable to test the durability of the building material using a test method that applies these corrosive gases to the building material being evaluated.

[0045] The durability of the building material to be evaluated is tested using the test method determined in this way (S03), and the durability of the building material is evaluated by reviewing the test results (S05). When implementing a test method specified in JIS or other standards, it is preferable to evaluate the durability of the building material using the evaluation method specified in that test method. However, this is not limited to this, and even when implementing a test method specified in one JIS, the evaluation may be performed using the evaluation method specified in another JIS.

[0046] On the other hand, when implementing an independent testing method, it is advisable to observe changes in the building material being evaluated and measure parameters indicating durability for evaluation. For example, one method is to measure the time it takes from the start of the test until deterioration begins (the time it takes for rust to occur). Another method is to measure the degree of deterioration of the building material being evaluated after a predetermined period has elapsed from the start of the test, specifically, by calculating the area of ​​rust from image data of the building material being evaluated after a predetermined period has elapsed. Furthermore, even when implementing an independent testing method, evaluation may be performed using evaluation methods specified in JIS. For example, as described in the method for expressing test results for the salt spray test method in JIS Z 2371, durability may be evaluated by a) corrosion area, b) corrosion weight loss, c) appearance of the test specimen surface before removal of corrosion products after the test, d) appearance of the test specimen surface after removal of corrosion products after the test, e) number and distribution of corrosion defects, f) time until corrosion occurs, g) alteration revealed by microscopic observation, and h) changes in mechanical properties such as tensile strength.

[0047] As described above, in the first embodiment, the durability of the building material to be evaluated is assessed using a test method determined based on the properties of the environment in which the building material is installed. By doing so, factors that affect the durability of the building material in the environment in which it is actually installed can be added to the building material to be evaluated, and the test can be conducted in a condition close to the actual environment. Therefore, the durability of the building material in the environment in which it is actually installed can be evaluated more accurately.

[0048] Furthermore, in the first embodiment, multiple types of building materials (materials) are selected as candidate evaluation building materials for a given building material that constitutes a building. Therefore, the durability of multiple types of evaluation building materials is repeatedly evaluated using the same test method determined based on the properties of the environment in which the building material is installed. Thus, as shown in Figure 1, the same test is repeatedly performed with different types of evaluation building materials until the testing of the candidate evaluation building materials is completed (S04).

[0049] Furthermore, when using metal components as building materials, for example, multiple types of plated steel sheets with different plating types, specifically hot-dip galvanized steel sheets conforming to JIS G 3302, Zn-Al-Mg plated steel sheets (ZAM®), and Zn-Al-Mg-Si plated steel sheets (SuperDyma®), can be used as candidate evaluation building materials. Alternatively, multiple types of steel sheets with different materials, such as plated steel sheets and stainless steel sheets, can also be used as candidate evaluation building materials.

[0050] Figure 4 illustrates the results of applying the same test method to multiple types of evaluated building materials (Evaluation 1 to Evaluation 9). Figure 4 is a graph in which the time taken from the start of the test until rust occurs is used as a parameter indicating durability. In Figure 4, the building material that takes the longest time to rust occurs is Evaluation 3, and the next longest is Evaluation 9. In this case, for example, when high durability is required for a building material, Evaluation 3 can be selected for use in the building. On the other hand, when the durability of Evaluation 3 is not required, Evaluation 9 can be selected to obtain the desired durability while reducing costs.

[0051] Thus, it is advisable to evaluate the durability of multiple types of building materials using the same testing method based on the properties of the environment. This allows for the selection of building materials that possess the desired durability in the actual environment in which the building will be installed.

[0052] However, this is not limited to the above, and it is also acceptable to evaluate the durability of a single evaluation material using a test method determined based on the nature of the environment in which the building is installed. In this case as well, the durability of the evaluation material when installed in the actual environment can be correctly evaluated, and a decision can be made on whether or not to use the evaluation material.

[0053] Furthermore, the test methods specified in JIS and other standards define the shape and size of the test specimen (evaluation material). However, without being limited to these standards (while partially adhering to JIS and other standards), durability tests may be conducted using evaluation materials that have the same shape as the building materials actually used in buildings. For example, when evaluating building materials used for louvers, lip channel steel, or furring strips, it is preferable to use evaluation materials that have the same shape as these materials, rather than simply using plate-shaped members. The dimensions of the evaluation material may be the same as the dimensions of the actual building material, or if the dimensions of the building material are large, a scaled-down member may be used as the evaluation material. Doing so can prevent the test equipment from becoming overly complex.

[0054] By doing so, factors that affect the durability of building materials are more likely to come into contact with the evaluated building material as they would in an actual installed environment (for example, areas prone to condensation are more easily reproduced). As a result, the locations and extent of deterioration such as rust are more easily reproduced, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the durability of building materials in the environment in which they are actually installed.

[0055] ===Second Embodiment=== Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the evaluation method for evaluation building materials (combinations of multiple building materials) in the second embodiment. Figures 6A to 6C are explanatory diagrams of a test method simulating a swimming pool environment (hot spring facility). Figure 7 is a flowchart for examining the results of the evaluation test.

[0056] In the second embodiment, the evaluation of a combination of two building materials constituting a building is performed. That is, the building materials to be evaluated include a first building material and a second building material. The second building material is a building material that is installed in contact with the first building material. Examples of the first building material include main components such as walls and ceilings (e.g., steel plates), and examples of the second building material include connecting members that connect the first building materials to each other or to the first building materials (e.g., bolts, nuts, screws, etc.).

[0057] In the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, first, the environment in which the evaluation building material will be installed is investigated and analyzed to identify the properties of the environment (S11). Then, as shown in Figure 2, a test method for evaluating the durability of the evaluation building material is determined based on the properties of the environment in which the evaluation building material will be installed (S12).

[0058] Then, using the determined test method, the first building material is tested individually (S13), and the second building material is tested individually using the same test method (S14). Furthermore, using the same test method, the first and second building materials are tested in contact with each other (S15).

[0059] For example, as described in the first embodiment, when building materials are installed in a pool environment and exposed to a gas containing hypochlorous acid, first, as shown in Figure 6A, a test is performed by placing the first building material 21 (e.g., a steel plate that will be a main component) on its own on the lid 13 of a beaker 11 containing a hypochlorous acid aqueous solution 12, and the test results (e.g., parameters indicating durability such as the time it takes for rust to occur) are obtained. Next, as shown in Figure 6B, a test is performed by placing the second building material 22 (e.g., a bolt) on its own on the lid 13 of the beaker 11, and the test results are obtained. Next, as shown in Figure 6C, a test is performed by placing the second building material 22 in contact with the first building material 21, and the test results are obtained.

[0060] Thus, in the second embodiment, the durability of the first building material alone, the durability of the second building material alone, and the durability of the first building material in contact with the second building material are evaluated using a test method determined based on the properties of the environment. In other words, parameters indicating durability are obtained in each test.

[0061] By doing so, factors that affect the durability of the building materials in the actual environment in which they will be installed can be added to the first and second building materials, allowing tests to be conducted in conditions closer to the actual environment. Therefore, the durability of the first and second building materials in the actual environment in which they will be installed can be evaluated more accurately.

[0062] Furthermore, by evaluating the durability of the second building material in contact with the first building material, it is possible to take into account any mutual influence on each other's durability. Therefore, compared to evaluating only the first and second building materials individually, it is possible to more accurately assess the durability when the second building material is installed in contact with the first building material.

[0063] Furthermore, the evaluation of the durability of the first and second building materials (examination of test results) should be carried out according to the flow shown in Figure 7, for example. Assume that the second building material has a smaller surface area (size) than the first building material, such as when the first building material is a main component and the second building material is a connecting component. In this case, confirm that the durability of the second building material alone is higher than the durability of the first building material. For example, confirm that it takes longer for rust to occur in the second building material than in the first building material, and that the degree of rust occurrence after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the test is smaller.

[0064] Even with the same degree of deterioration, building materials with a smaller surface area (size) are more susceptible to the effects of deterioration, and their functionality (e.g., connection strength) tends to decrease more easily. Therefore, by increasing the durability of the second building material, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the overall durability when the first and second building materials are used in combination. Accordingly, as shown in Figure 7, if the second building material has higher durability than the first building material (S21 → YES), it is good to decide on it as a candidate for a usable (〇) combination (S23), and if the durability of the second building material is less than or equal to the durability of the first building material (S21 → NO), it is good to decide on it as an unusable (×) combination (S24).

[0065] Note that the second building material is not limited to a connecting member. For example, the second building material may be a secondary member with a smaller surface area (size) than the first building material, which is a main member. In that case as well, it is advisable to confirm that the second building material has higher durability than the first building material, as described above. Alternatively, the second building material may be a main member similar to the first building material and have the same surface area (size) as the first building material. In that case, the above evaluation (S21 in Figure 7) may be omitted.

[0066] Furthermore, if the first and second building materials are made of different types of metal, condensation can form at their contact points, creating a state where ionization is likely. As a result, metals with a high ionization tendency can corrode rapidly, a phenomenon known as galvanic corrosion. Therefore, it is advisable to check for the occurrence of galvanic corrosion at the contact points between the first and second building materials.

[0067] Furthermore, contact between metal and carbon fiber can cause galvanic corrosion. Therefore, it is advisable to check for galvanic corrosion not only when both the first and second building materials are metal components, but also when the first and second building materials are of different types, with at least one being a metal component.

[0068] To this end, it is necessary to confirm that the durability of the building material with lower durability (in this case, the durability of the first building material) is not significantly reduced when the first and second building materials are in contact. Specifically, it is advisable to confirm that the difference between the durability of the first building material and the durability of the contact area between the first and second building materials is smaller than a predetermined threshold.

[0069] Specifically, if the parameter indicating the durability of a building material is defined as "the time it takes from the start of the test until rust occurs," then the value obtained by subtracting the time it takes for rust to occur at the contact point between the first and second building materials (short time) from the time it takes for rust to occur on the first building material (long time) should be compared to a predetermined threshold (time). If the above subtracted value (difference in durability) is smaller than the predetermined threshold, it can be confirmed that the durability has not significantly decreased when the first and second building materials are in contact, that is, that galvanic corrosion has not occurred. On the other hand, if the above subtracted value (difference in durability) is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold, it can be confirmed that the durability has significantly decreased when the first and second building materials are in contact, that is, that galvanic corrosion has occurred.

[0070] If the durability of the contact area has not significantly decreased (S22 → YES), it is best to select a combination that is usable (〇) (S23). If the durability of the contact area has significantly decreased (S22 → NO), it is best to select a combination that is unusable (×) (S24). By doing so, it is possible to prevent severe deterioration at the contact area when the first building material and the second building material are actually installed in contact.

[0071] Furthermore, for example, if acrylic resin is in contact with polyvinyl chloride resin or sealant containing a plasticizer, cracks may occur in the acrylic resin, or if styrene resin is in contact with a resin containing a plasticizer, the styrene resin may melt and deform. In other words, even if the first and second building materials are not metal components, the durability of the second building material in contact with the first building material may be significantly lower than the durability of each material individually. Therefore, even if the first and second building materials are not metal components, it is advisable to evaluate the durability of the first and second building materials individually, as well as the durability of the second building material in contact with the first building material. Then, as shown in S22 of Figure 7, it is advisable to confirm that the difference between the durability of the first building material (the building material with lower durability) and the durability of the contact area between the first and second building materials is smaller than a predetermined threshold (i.e., the durability in the contact state has not significantly decreased).

[0072] Furthermore, even if building materials are made of the same material (e.g., iron) and have the same surface treatment (e.g., hot-dip galvanizing), differences in the thickness of the surface treatment, the shape of the building materials, or whether or not the base iron has been hardened can affect their durability when in contact with each other. Therefore, in the above case, even if the first and second building materials are made of the same material, it is advisable to evaluate the durability of the first and second building materials individually, as well as the durability when the second building material is in contact with the first building material.

[0073] Furthermore, even if the first and second building materials are made of the same material, the way they come into contact can affect their durability. For example, when using multiple building materials of the same material in combination, if some parts of adjacent building materials come into contact with each other while the remaining parts are installed with gaps, these gaps (i.e., the way the building materials fit together) can affect durability. Also, if the first building material is a main component and the second building material is a connecting component such as a screw, scratches caused by screwing in the screws can affect durability. Therefore, when there are no cut surfaces, the surfaces are uniform, and the situation differs from when identical building materials are in contact, it is advisable to evaluate the durability of the first and second building materials individually, as well as the durability of the second building material when it is in contact with the first building material, even if the first and second building materials are made of the same material.

[0074] To that end, in tests conducted with the second building material in contact with the first building material, it is best to ensure that the first and second building materials are in contact in the same way as when they are actually installed in a building. For example, as shown in Figure 6C, the test can be conducted with a bolt (second building material) screwed into a screw hole (not shown) provided in the main component (first building material), or with a screw (second component) driven into the first building material, or with a secondary component (second building material) fitted into the first building material (main component).

[0075] By doing so, factors that affect the durability of the building materials are more likely to come into contact with the first and second building materials as they would be in actual installation (for example, areas prone to condensation are more easily reproduced). As a result, deterioration (such as rust) at the contact points between the first and second building materials is more easily reproduced, and the durability of the first and second building materials in the environment in which they are actually installed can be evaluated more accurately. However, the method is not limited to this, and the test may also be conducted with the surfaces of the first and second building materials simply in contact.

[0076] Furthermore, in the second embodiment, a combination of multiple types of building materials (materials) is used as a candidate evaluation building material for two building materials constituting a building. For example, suppose multiple types of steel plates with different plating types are used as candidate building materials for the first building material (main component), and multiple types of bolts with different surface treatments on an iron base, or multiple types of bolts with different surface treatments on a stainless steel base, are used as candidate building materials for the second building material (connecting component). In this case, a building material created by combining multiple types of first building materials and multiple types of second building materials becomes a candidate combination of evaluation building materials. Alternatively, a building material created by combining one type of first building material (steel plate) with multiple types of second building materials (bolts) may be used as a candidate combination of evaluation building materials.

[0077] Therefore, in the second embodiment, the durability of multiple types of evaluation building materials is repeatedly evaluated using the same test method determined based on the properties of the environment in which the building materials are installed (S16). By doing so, it is possible to select from among multiple types of evaluation building material combinations a combination of building materials (first building material and second building material) that exhibits the desired durability in the environment in which the building is actually installed.

[0078] Furthermore, even if there are candidate combinations of different evaluation building materials, if one of the building materials (for example, the first building material) is made of the same material, the test (second time onwards) to evaluate the durability of that common building material individually can be omitted. Moreover, without being limited to the above, it is also acceptable to evaluate the durability of only one type of evaluation building material combination using a test method determined based on the properties of the environment in which the building is installed.

[0079] Furthermore, it is not necessary to conduct tests on the first building material alone, tests on the second building material alone, and tests with the second building material in contact with the first building material. For example, after the individual tests of a candidate combination of evaluation building materials are completed (after the completion of S14 in Figure 5), the durability of the first building material alone and the durability of the second building material alone may be evaluated (S21 in Figure 7). If the durability of the second building material, which has a smaller surface area (size), is low (S21 → NO), the test with the second building material in contact with the first building material (S15 in Figure 5) may be omitted. In this way, the evaluation method can be simplified even when evaluating multiple candidate combinations of evaluation building materials.

[0080] Furthermore, the evaluation may include three or more types of building materials. In this case as well, each of the three or more types of building materials should be tested individually (to evaluate its durability), and for building materials that are installed in contact with each other, the test should be conducted with the materials in contact.

[0081] For example, when connecting aluminum building materials and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets with stainless steel bolts, first, the durability of each individual component—the aluminum building material (first component), the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (second component), and the stainless steel bolt (third component)—is evaluated. Then, the durability is evaluated when the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (second component) is in contact with the aluminum building material (first component), and the stainless steel bolt (third component) is also in contact with the component it is in contact with (either the first or second component, or both). Preferably, the durability is evaluated when the aluminum building material and the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet are fastened together with the stainless steel bolt. Furthermore, if a resin washer (fourth component) is considered as a candidate component, the durability of the resin washer alone is evaluated. Then, the durability is evaluated when the first to third components are in contact, and the resin washer is also in contact with the component it is in contact with. Preferably, the durability should be evaluated when the aluminum building material and the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet are fastened together with stainless steel bolts fitted with resin washers.

[0082] ===Third Implementation Method=== Figure 8 is a flowchart showing the method for evaluating an environment suitable for the evaluation material in the third embodiment. In the first and second embodiments, the environment in which the building is installed is determined, and the durability of the evaluation material is evaluated using a test method based on the properties of that environment. In contrast, in the third embodiment, an environment suitable for installing a certain evaluation material is evaluated.

[0083] To that end, first, the building material to be evaluated is determined (S31). The building material to be evaluated may be a single building material or a combination of multiple building materials (first building material and second building material).

[0084] Next, several candidate environments for installing the evaluation building material are determined (S32). Then, based on the properties of the multiple environments, a test method for evaluating the durability of the evaluation building material is determined for each (S32). For example, as shown in the table in Figure 2, several candidate environments (1) to (8) are determined, and a test method corresponding to each environment (1) to (8) is determined. The test method may be a test method specified in JIS or other standards, or it may be a unique test method.

[0085] Next, the evaluation building material is sequentially tested using the determined multiple test methods (S34), and test results (parameters indicating durability) are obtained. If the evaluation building material is a combination of multiple building materials, it is preferable, as in the second embodiment, to perform tests on the first building material alone, on the second building material alone, and on the first building material in contact with the second building material for each test method. Then, the same evaluation building material is repeatedly tested using different test methods until all test methods based on the properties of the multiple candidate environments have been completed (S35). By doing so, the durability of the evaluation building material when installed in each environment (1) to (8) can be evaluated more accurately.

[0086] Then, by comparing the test results (parameters indicating durability) in each environment (1) to (8) (S35), the environment suitable for installing the evaluated building material can be determined. For example, the durability of a certain evaluated building material may be higher in a swimming pool environment than in a liquor storage facility environment (for example, the time it takes for rust to occur may be longer). In this case, it can be determined that the evaluated building material can be used in a swimming pool environment. Therefore, although catalogs only show the durability of the evaluated building material in a given environment, the evaluation method of the third embodiment expands the range of use for the evaluated building material, allowing for effective utilization of the evaluated building material.

[0087] The embodiments described above are provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit its interpretation. The present invention can be modified and improved without departing from its spirit, and it goes without saying that equivalents thereof are included. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0088] 1. Evaluated building materials, 10. Incubator, 11. Beaker, 12. Lid 13. Hypochlorous acid solution, 14 Water bath, 15 Water, 21. Evaluated building materials (Type 1 building materials), 22. Evaluated building materials (Second building materials, connecting members)

Claims

1. A step of determining a test method for evaluating the durability of the building material based on the properties of the environment in which the building material is installed, A step of evaluating the durability of the evaluation building material using the determined test method, It has, The aforementioned test method involves placing the building material to be evaluated on a portion of the beaker lid and bringing the gas vaporized from elements affecting the durability of the building material into contact with the building material to be evaluated. A method for evaluating building materials characterized by the following features.

2. A method for evaluating building materials according to Claim 1, Prior to the step of determining the test method, the procedure includes a step of investigating and analyzing the environment and identifying the properties of the environment. A method for evaluating building materials, characterized in that, in the evaluation step, the durability of multiple types of the evaluation building materials is evaluated using the same test method.

3. A method for evaluating building materials according to Claim 1, In the step of determining the test method, the test method is determined for each of the properties of multiple types of the environment, A method for evaluating building materials, characterized in that, in the evaluation step, the durability of the evaluation building material is evaluated using each of the test methods based on the properties of multiple types of environments.

4. A method for evaluating building materials according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The aforementioned evaluation building material comprises a first building material and a second building material installed in contact with the first building material. A method for evaluating building materials, characterized in that, in the evaluation step, the durability of the first building material alone, the durability of the second building material alone, and the durability of the first building material when the second building material is in contact with it are evaluated using the test method described above.

5. A method for evaluating building materials according to Claim 4, The first building material and the second building material are different types of components. A method for evaluating building materials, characterized in that, in the evaluation step, it is confirmed whether or not dissimilar metal contact corrosion occurs at the contact area between the first building material and the second building material.

6. A method for evaluating building materials according to any one of claims 1 to 5, The aforementioned building material for evaluation comprises a first building material and a second building material. The second building material is a connecting member that connects the first building materials to each other, or to the first building materials and other building materials. A method for evaluating building materials, characterized in that, in the evaluation step, the durability of the first building material and the durability of the second building material are evaluated using the test method, and it is confirmed that the durability of the second building material is higher than the durability of the first building material.

Images