Branched organosilicon compounds, methods for preparing the same, and copolymers formed using the same.

Abstract

General formula: (R 1 )3Si-X-NR 2 R 3 wherein X is a divalent linking group, and R 2 is hydrogen or R, and R 3 contains an acryloxy moiety, and each R 1 is R and -OSi(R 4 ) 3, provided that at least one R 1 is -OSi(R 4 )3, and each R 4 is R, -OSi(R 5 )3, and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, each R 5 is R, -OSi(R 6 )3, and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, each R 6 is R and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, where R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 At least one of the following is -[OSiR2] m OSiR3, where 0≦m≦100, and each R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group. Also provided are methods for preparing the compounds, copolymers comprising the reaction product of the compounds and a second compound reactive with the compounds, methods for forming the copolymers, and compositions comprising at least one of the compounds and the copolymers.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications This application claims priority and all advantages of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 786,843, filed on 31 December 2018, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates in general to organosilicon compounds, and more specifically to branched organosilicon compounds, copolymers formed using them, methods for preparing each of them, and compositions containing them. [Background technology]

[0003] Silicones are polymer materials used in many commercial applications, primarily because their advantages are more pronounced than those of their carbon-based analogues. More precisely called polymerized siloxanes or polysiloxanes, silicones have an inorganic silicon-oxygen backbone (...-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-...) with organic side groups bonded to the silicon atoms.

[0004] Organic side groups can be used to link two or more of these main chains together. By changing the Si-O chain length, side groups, and crosslinking, a wide variety of silicones with diverse properties and compositions can be synthesized. These can vary in consistency from liquid to gel, from rubber to rigid plastic. The most common siloxanes are linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicone oil. The second largest group of silicone materials is based on silicone resins formed from branched and caged oligosiloxanes.

[0005] Another group of silicone materials is silicone dendrimers. Dendrimers are polymers having a highly branched structure that extends radially from a single core. Dendrimers are repetitive branched molecules, typically symmetric (or nearly symmetric) around the core, and often take on a spherical or ellipsoidal three-dimensional form. Dendrimers can also be described as dendritic macromolecules consisting of a hierarchical organization or generation of branches on branches on branches.

[0006] Dendritic silicones or macromolecules have molecular shapes, sizes, and functionalities suitable for many potential end uses. This leaves opportunities to improve silicon-based branched compounds, as well as opportunities to improve methods for forming such compounds. Opportunities also remain to improve copolymers based on or having such compounds, and to improve compositions. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] Branched organosilicon compounds are provided. The branched organosilicon compounds have the general formula: [Chemical Formula] [where X is a divalent linking group, R 2 is H or R, R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, R 3 includes an acryloxy moiety, each R 1 is selected from R and -OSi(R 4 )3, provided that at least one R 1 is -OSi(R 4 )3, each R 4 is selected from R, -OSi(R 5 )3, and -[OSiR2] m OSiR3, each R 5 is selected from R, -OSi(R 6 )3, and -[OSiR2] m OSiR3, each R 6 is selected from R and -[OSiR2] m OSiR3, 0 ≦ m ≦ 100, provided that R4 , R 5 , and R 6 At least one of them is -[OSiR2] m It has OSiR3.

[0008] A method for preparing branched organosilicon compounds is also provided. This method involves reacting (A) an organosilicon compound with (B) a functional compound in the presence of (C) a catalyst, which is optionally used, to obtain a branched organosilicon compound.

[0009] Copolymers are also provided. The copolymer comprises a reaction product of a branched organosilicon compound and a second compound that is reactive with the branched organosilicon compound.

[0010] A method for preparing copolymers is further provided, which includes reacting a branched organosilicon compound with a second compound reactive with the branched organosilicon compound to obtain a copolymer.

[0011] A composition is also provided. The composition comprises at least one of a branched organosilicon compound and a copolymer. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] Branched organosilicon compounds have the general formula: [ka] [In the formula, X is a divalent linking group, R 2 is H or R, where R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, 3 It contains an acryloxy moiety, and each R 1 R and -OSi(R 4 ) Selected from 3, however at least one R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3, and each R 4 is R, -OSi(R 5 )3, and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, each R 5 is R, -OSi(R 6)3, and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, each R 6 R and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, where 0 ≤ m ≤ 100, where R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 At least one of them is -[OSiR2] m It has OSiR3.

[0013] Each R is independently selected and may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. Cyclic hydrocarbyl groups include aryl groups and saturated or non-conjugated cyclic groups. Cyclic hydrocarbyl groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Linear and branched hydrocarbyl groups may independently be saturated or unsaturated. An example of a combination of linear and cyclic hydrocarbyl groups is the aralkyl group. "Substitution" means that one or more hydrogen atoms can be replaced by atoms other than hydrogen (e.g., halogen atoms such as chlorine, fluorine, or bromine), or that carbon atoms in the R chain can be replaced by atoms other than carbon, i.e., R may contain one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen in its chain. Suitable alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g., isopropyl and / or n-propyl), butyl (e.g., isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, and / or sec-butyl), pentyl (e.g., isopentyl, neopentyl, and / or tert-pentyl), hexyl, and branched saturated hydrocarbon groups having six carbon atoms. Suitable aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl, benzyl, and dimethylphenyl. Suitable alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, vinyl, allyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyl, heptenyl, hexenyl, and cyclohexenyl groups. Suitable monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon groups include, but are not limited to, halogenated alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or halogenated aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Suitable halogenated alkyl groups are exemplified by, but are not limited to, the alkyl groups described above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms such as F or Cl.For example, fluoromethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, 4,4,4,3,3-pentafluorobutyl, 5,5,5,4,4,3,3-heptafluoropentyl, 6,6,6,5,5,4,4,3,3-nonafluorohexyl, and 8,8,8,7,7-pentafluorooctyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 2,3-difluorocyclobutyl, 3,4-difluorocyclohexyl, and 3,4-difluoro-5-methylcycloheptyl, chloromethyl, chloropropyl, 2-dichlorocyclopropyl, and 2,3-dichlorocyclopentyl are examples of suitable alkyl halogenated groups. Suitable aryl halogenated groups are exemplified by, but are not limited to, the above-mentioned aryl groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms such as F or Cl. For example, chlorobenzyl and fluorobenzyl are suitable aryl halogenated groups.

[0014] In specific embodiments, each R is an alkyl group having 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 carbon atom independently.

[0015] Each R 1 R and -OSi(R 4 ) Selected from 3, however at least one R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3. In a particular embodiment, R 1 At least two of them are -OSi(R 4 )3. In a specific embodiment, R 1 All three of these are -OSi(R 4 )3. A larger number of R 1 -OSi(R 4 )If it is 3, the organosilicon compound has a higher level of branching. For example, each R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3, and if the Si-X bond is a silicon-carbon bond, then each R 1 The silicon atom to which it is bonded is a T siloxy unit. Alternatively, R1 Two of them are -OSi(R 4 )3, and if the Si-X bond is a silicon-carbon bond, then each R 1 The silicon atom to which it is bonded is a D-siloxy unit.

[0016] Each R 4 is R, -OSi(R 5 )3, and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, where 0 ≤ m ≤ 100 in the formula. 4 and R 5 Depending on the selection, further branching may be present in the branched organosilicon compound. For example, each R 4 If R, then each -OSi(R 4 )3 is a terminal M-siloxy unit. In other words, each R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3, and each R 4 If R, then each R 1 It may be described as OSiR3, and each R 1 This is an M-siloxy unit. In such embodiments, the branched organosilicon compound includes a T-siloxy unit (to which X is attached) encapsulated by three M-siloxy units. 4 ga-[OSiR2] m If it is OSiR3, 4 This includes the optional D siloxy unit (i.e., the siloxy unit in the part indicated by the subscript m) and the M siloxy unit (represented by OSiR3). Therefore, for example, each R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3, and each R 4 ga-[OSiR2] m In the case of OSiR3, each R 1 This includes Q siloxy units. In such embodiments, each R 1 is, formula -[OSiR2] m This is of OSiR3)3. When each m is 0, each R 1 This is a Q siloxy unit end-protected by three M siloxy units. When m is greater than 0, each R 1It contains a linear portion and has a degree of polymerization resulting from m. When this linear portion is present, it is generally a diorganosiloxane portion.

[0017] The subscript m is 0 to 100, or 0 to 80, or 0 to 60, or 0 to 40, or 0 to 20, or 0 to 19, or 0 to 18, or 0 to 17, or 0 to 16, or 0 to 15, or 0 to 14, or 0 to 13, or 0 to 12, or 0 to 11, or 0 to 10, or 0 to 9, or 0 to 8, or 0 to 7, or 0 to 6, or 0 to 5, or 0 to 4, or 0 to 3, or 0 to 2, or 0 to 1, or 0. Typically, each subscript m is 0 so that the branched portion of the branched organosilicon compound does not contain D siloxy units.

[0018] As described above, each R 4 may be -OSi(R 5 )3. In such an embodiment, depending on the selection of R 5 , further branching may be present in the branched organosilicon compound. Each R 5 is selected from R, -OSi(R 6 )3, and -[OSiR2] m OSiR3, where m is defined as above, and in the formula, each R 6 is selected from R and -[OSiR2] m OSiR3, where m is defined as above. At least one of R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 is -[OSiR2] m OSiR3, where m is as defined above. When each R 1 is of the formula -OSi(R 4 )3 and R 4 is of the formula -OSi(R 5 )3, further siloxane bonds and branching are present in the branched organosilicon compound. This further includes the case where R 5 is -OSi(R 6 )3.

[0019] In particular, each subsequent R moiety in the branched organosilicon compound can introduce further generations of branching. For example, R 1 may be of the formula -OSi(R 4 )3, R 4 may be of the formula -OSi(R 5 )3, and R 5 may be -OSi(R 6 )3. Thus, depending on the choice of each substituent, further branching due to T and / or Q siloxy units may be present in the branched organosilicon compound.

[0020] Importantly, each of R, R 1 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 is independently selected. Thus, the above description regarding each of these substituents is not meant to imply, nor to indicate, that each substituent is the same. The above optional description regarding R 1 may pertain to only one R 1 in the branched organosilicon compound, or may pertain to any number of R 1 etc.

[0021] In addition, different selections of R, R 1 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 can result in the same structure. For example, if R 1 is -OSi(R 4 )3, each R 4 is -OSi(R 5 )3, and R 5 is R, then R 1 can be described as -OSi(OSiR3)3. Similarly, if R 1 is -OSi(R 4 )3, each R 4 is -[OSiR2] m OSiR3, and m is 0 in the formula, then R 1 can be described as -OSi(OSiR3)3. Thereby, R 4Based on different choices regarding R 1 The same structure can be obtained for R. 4 , R 5 , and R 6 At least one of them is -[OSiR2] m It is OSiR3. However, if m is 0, this condition can be essentially satisfied by alternative selection. For example, as mentioned above, each R 4 -OSi(R 5 )3, and each R 5 If R is R 1 This can be written as -OSi(OSiR3)3, which means R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3, and each R 4 ga-[OSiR2] m This is OSiR3, which is equivalent to the case where m is 0 in the formula. Even if alternative selection yields the same structure required by the condition, it is considered that the condition is satisfied.

[0022] In a specific method of operation, each R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3. Each R 1 -OSi(R 4 In a specific embodiment where )3, at least one R 4 [OSiR2] m It is OSiR3, and in the equation, m is 0. Since m is 0, at least one R 4 It is -OSiR3. This means that at least one R 4 -OSi(R 5 )3, and each R 5 The structure is the same as when it is R. In either case, at least one R 4 This becomes -OSiR3. Therefore, at least one R 4 -OSi(R 5 )3, and each R 5 If R is also R 4 At least one of them is -[OSiR2] m We assume that this is OSiR3, and that m is 0 in the equation.

[0023] The same applies to further generations of branching in branched organosilicon compounds. For example, R 4 and R 5 Just as different choices related to R can yield the same structure as above, 5 and R 6 Similarly, the same structure can be obtained by making different choices about it.

[0024] In a specific method of operation, each R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3. Each R 1 -OSi(R 4 In a specific embodiment where )3, each R 1 -OSiR(R 4 )2, each -OSi(R 4 )3 has one R 4 R is R. In a further specific embodiment, the branched organosilicon compound has the following structure: [ka] [In the formula, each R, R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and X are independently selected and have the above definition] -OSiR(R 4 )2 in two R 4 These are, respectively, -OSi(R 5 ) There are 3 parts. In a particular embodiment, each R 5 R is a methyl group, and each R is a methyl group.

[0025] As described above, the same branched organosilicon compound with the same structure can be obtained from different selections. For example, the same branched organosilicon compound as in the example above can be obtained from the following selections: Each R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3, and in the formula, one R 4 is R, and R 4 Two of them are -[OSiR2] m It is OSiR3, and in the formula, m is 0. Therefore, in the structure shown in the example above, R4 , R 5 , and R 6 At least one of them is -[OSiR2] m The condition that it is OSiR3 is used to reach the desired structure. 4 and R 5 It is satisfied regardless of the choice.

[0026] In other embodiments, one R 1 is R, and R 1 Two of them are -OSi(R 4 )3. R 1 Two of them are -OSi(R 4 In a specific embodiment where R is 3, 1 Two of them are -OSiR(R 4 )2, each -OSi(R 4 )3 has one R 4 R is R. In a further specific embodiment, the branched organosilicon compound has the following structure: [ka] [In the formula, each R, R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and X are independently selected and have the same definition as defined herein. 4 )2 in each R 4 -OSi(R 5 )3. In a particular embodiment, each R 5 R is a methyl group, and each R is a methyl group.

[0027] As described above, the same branched organosilicon compound with the same structure can be obtained from different selections. For example, the same branched organosilicon compound as in the example above can be obtained from the following selections: 1 R 1 is R, and R 1 Two of them are -OSi(R 4 )3, and each -OSi(R 4 )3, one R 4 is R, and R 4 Two of them are -[OSiR2]m It is OSiR3, and in the formula, m is 0. Therefore, in the structure shown in the example above, R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 At least one of them is -[OSiR2] m The condition that it is OSiR3 is used to reach the desired structure. 4 and R 5 It is satisfied regardless of the choice.

[0028] In yet another embodiment, R 1 Two of them are R, and one R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3. R 1 One of them is -OSi(R 4 In a specific embodiment where )3, this particular R 1 -OSiR(R 4 ) to become -OSi(R 4 )3 has one R 4 R is R. In a further specific embodiment, the branched organosilicon compound has the following structure: [ka] [In the formula, each R, R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and X are independently selected and have the same definition as defined herein. 4 )2 in each R 4 -OSi(R 5 )3. In a particular embodiment, each R 5 R is a methyl group, and each R is a methyl group.

[0029] As described above, the same branched organosilicon compound with the same structure can be obtained from different selections. For example, the same branched organosilicon compound as in the above example can be obtained from the following selections: 1 Two of them are R, 1 One of them is -OSi(R 4 )3 and -OSi(R 4 )3, one R4 is R, and R 4 Two of them are -[OSiR2] m It is OSiR3, and in the formula, m is 0. Therefore, in the structure shown in the example above, R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 At least one of them is -[OSiR2] m The condition that it is OSiR3 is used to reach the desired structure. 4 and R 5 It is satisfied regardless of the choice.

[0030] In the example structure above, each R 5 R is R, and each R is methyl. However, R 5 If it is not R, that is, R 5 However, OSi(R 6 )3 and -[OSiR2] m If selected from OSiR3 [wherein m is as defined above], further generations of branching can be introduced into the branched organosilicon compound. In the formula, each R 6 R and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, where m is defined above in the formula.

[0031] As described above, X is a divalent linking group. X generally varies depending on the mechanism used to prepare the branched organosilicon compound. In certain embodiments, for example, when the branched organosilicon compound is prepared by hydrosilylation, X is a divalent hydrocarbon group. When X is a divalent hydrocarbon group, X typically has 2 to 18 carbon atoms and may contain substituents and / or heteroatoms in or on them. For example, X may contain one or more oxygen heteroatoms so that X contains an ether moiety. Alternatively, X may simply contain a hydrocarbon with nothing else. In some embodiments, X is or the general formula -(CH2) n-[wherein the formula, the subscript n is ≥ 1, for example, 1 to 18, or 1 to 16, or 1 to 12, or 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 2 to 6], comprising an alkylene group. In certain embodiments, the subscript n is 3.

[0032] R 2 is either H or R. Therefore, in some embodiments, R 2 is H, and branched organosilicon compounds have the following general formula: [ka] [In the formula, each R 1 , R 3 , and X are independently selected and have the definitions herein. In other embodiments, R 2 R is an independently selected substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group. In some such embodiments, R 2 is an alkyl group. In a specific embodiment, R 2 It is methyl.

[0033] R 3 R contains or is an acryloxy moiety. In other words, 3 This is the part containing the acryloxy group. 3 The acryloxy group is typically indirectly bonded (for example, via a divalent linking group) to the nitrogen atom shown in the general formula of the branched organosilicon compound described above.

[0034] In some embodiments, the acryloxy portion R 3 Branched organosilicon compounds have the following general formula: [ka] [In the formula, D is a divalent linking group, R 7 is either H or R, and each R 1 , R 2 X, and R are independently selected and are defined herein.7 ) has CH2. In such embodiments, D is an independently selected divalent linking group, which may be linear or branched, and may be substituted or unsubstituted.

[0035] Typically, D is selected from divalent substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups. Typically, D is selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups. In specific embodiments, D is C1-C 18 It contains or is a hydrocarbon group. For example, in some embodiments, D is of the general formula -(CH2) m -[wherein the formula, the subscript m≧1, e.g., 1-18, or 1-16, or 1-12, or 1-10, or 1-8, or 1-6, or 2-6] comprises or is a hydrocarbon moiety. In these or other embodiments, D may comprise or be a substituted hydrocarbon, i.e., a hydrocarbon group comprising a main chain having at least one heteroatom (e.g., O, N, S, etc.). For example, in some embodiments, D is a hydrocarbon having a main chain comprising an ether moiety.

[0036] In a particular embodiment, R 7 is H, and thereafter the acryloxy portion R 3 R can be defined as the acrylic acid ester portion. In other embodiments, R 7 The substituent R is selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl groups such as those described above. For example, in some such embodiments, R 7 It is an alkyl group, and thereafter, the acrylic portion R 3 R can be defined as an alkyl acrylic acid ester moiety. In specific embodiments, R 7 It is methyl, and thereafter the acryloxy portion R 3 This can be defined as the methacrylate ester moiety.

[0037] Method for preparing branched organosilicon compounds A method for preparing branched organosilicon compounds ("the preparation method") is also provided. The preparation method includes reacting (A) an organosilicon compound with (B) a functional compound to obtain a branched organosilicon compound.

[0038] The reaction of an organosilicon compound (A) with a functional compound (B) generally involves combining the organosilicon compound (A) with the functional compound (B). In other words, generally speaking, there are no active steps required for the reduction reaction other than combining the organosilicon compound (A) with the functional compound (B), although various optional steps are described herein.

[0039] organosilicon compounds Generally, organosilicon compounds (A) are branched organosilicon compounds having one alcohol-functional moiety (i.e., monohydroxyl-functional). Specifically, branched organosilicon compounds have general formula (I) [ka] [In the expression, the lower expression R 1 3Si-XN(R 2 The organosilicon portion represented by )- is defined as above with respect to branched organosilicon compounds, Y 1 It has an alcohol-functionalized portion.

[0040] More specifically, referring to formula (I), X is a divalent linking group, and each R 2 is either H or R, and each R 1 Generally, R and -OSi(R 4 ) Selected from 3, however at least one R 1 -OSi(R 4 )3, and each R 4 is R, -OSi(R 5 )3, and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, each R 5 is R, -OSi(R 6 )3, and -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, each R 6is, -[OSiR2] m Selected from OSiR3, however R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 At least one of them is -[OSiR2] m OSiR3. In each occurrence, each R is independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, and each subscript m is selected such that 0 ≤ m ≤ 100. Notwithstanding the foregoing, those skilled in the art will consider the above description of branched organosilicon compounds and define the organosilicon part R 1 3Si-XN(R 2 )- makes it easy to understand specific variations of the limitation.

[0041] As mentioned above, Y 1 This includes an alcohol-functional moiety. The alcohol-functional moiety is not particularly limited and may be any alcohol-functional moiety suitable for preparing branched organosilicon compounds according to the method herein. Generally, the alcohol-functional moiety includes an alcohol group, i.e., a hydrocarbon-bonded hydroxyl group. Therefore, Y 1 A general example of a suitable alcohol-functionalized moiety is the hydrocarbyl group described above with respect to substituent R, such a hydrocarbyl group containing one hydroxyl substituent (for example, instead of another carbon-bonded hydrogen atom).

[0042] In a particular embodiment, the alcohol-functionalized portion Y 1 The organosilicon compound (A) has the formula: [ka] [In the formula, D is an independently selected divalent group, and each R 1 , R 2 The general formula -D-OH is such that , and X are independently selected and as defined above.

[0043] Typically, D is selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups. In specific embodiments, D is C1-C 18It contains or is a hydrocarbon group. For example, in some embodiments, D is of the general formula -(CH2) m -[wherein the formula, the subscript m≧1, e.g., 1-18, or 1-16, or 1-12, or 1-10, or 1-8, or 1-6, or 2-6] comprises or is a hydrocarbon moiety. In these or other embodiments, D may comprise or be a substituted hydrocarbon, i.e., a hydrocarbon group comprising a main chain having at least one heteroatom (e.g., O, N, S, etc.). For example, in some embodiments, D is a hydrocarbon having a main chain comprising an ether moiety. However, as just one example, in certain embodiments, a branched organosilicon compound (A) is of formula: [ka] [In the formula, each R 1 , R 2 The subscript m is 2 such that , and X are independently selected and as defined above.

[0044] As can be understood from the description of branched organosilicon compounds, unless otherwise indicated, it is understood that this applies equally to the preparation method, and where present, R, R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 The selection of X, D, and the subscript m is not limited and includes any and all selections and combinations of selections necessary to prepare the branched organosilicon compounds as described above. For example, in a particular embodiment, the organosilicon compound (A) has general formula (I), where each R 1 Independently, formula -OSi(R 4 )3[In the formula, at least one R 4 is, -[OSiR2] m It is OSiR3, where each R and m is selected independently and as defined above.

[0045] In some embodiments, the organosilicon compound (A) is of the following formula: [ka] [In the formula, each R, R 2 , R 5 X, and D are independently selected and have the above definitions. In a particular embodiment, each R 5 R is a methyl group, and each R is a methyl group.

[0046] In a particular embodiment, organosilicon compound (A) has the following structure: [ka] [In the formula, each R, R 2 , R 5 X, and D are independently selected and have the above definitions. In a particular embodiment, each R 5 R is a methyl group, and each R is a methyl group.

[0047] In a particular embodiment, organosilicon compound (A) has the following structure: [ka] [In the formula, each R, R 2 , R 5 X, and D are independently selected and have the above definitions. In a particular embodiment, each R 5 R is a methyl group, and each R is a methyl group.

[0048] The organosilicon compound (A) can be used in any form, for example, undiluted (i.e., without solvent, carrier vehicle, diluent, etc.) or distributed in a carrier vehicle such as a solvent or dispersant. The carrier vehicle, if present, may include, or be, organic solvents (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as heptane, hexane, or octane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chloroform; etc.; ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran), silicone fluids, aqueous solvents (e.g., water), or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the organosilicon compound (A) is used in the absence of a carrier vehicle. In some such embodiments, the organosilicon compound (A) is used in the absence of water and carrier vehicle / volatile substances that are reactive with the organosilicon compound (A) and / or functional compound (B). For example, in certain embodiments, the method may include stripping a volatile substance and / or solvent (e.g., an organic solvent, water, etc.) from the organosilicon compound (A). Techniques for stripping from the organosilicon compound (A) are known in the art and may include distillation, heating, application of reduced pressure / vacuum, azeotrope with a solvent, use of molecular sieves, and combinations thereof.

[0049] The organosilicon compound (A) can be used in any amount selected by those skilled in the art, which will vary depending on, for example, the specific functional compound (B) selected, the reaction parameters employed, and the scale of the reaction (e.g., the total amount of components (A) and / or (B) to be reacted and / or the branched organosilicon compound to be prepared).

[0050] functional compound The functional compound (B) is not particularly limited and, as will be understood by those skilled in the art in consideration of the description herein, is an alcohol functional compound Y 1 It may be any compound suitable for substitution with an acryloxy group (for example, by substitution reaction, rearrangement reaction, transesterification reaction, alkylation reaction, etc.).

[0051] Functional compound (B) is typically an acrylate ester, but other acrylates can also be used (e.g., acrylic anhydride). Typically, functional compound (B) has the following formula: [ka] [In the formula, R 7 [where Y is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group and H, and Y is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group].

[0052] Typically, Y is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., thereby the acrylate compound (B) may be defined as an alkyl acrylate ester), and is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl, isopropyl), and butyl (e.g., n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl). For example, in certain embodiments, Y is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or n-butyl. However, Y may be any substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, or may contain any such group, and therefore may be selected from any of the hydrocarbyl groups described herein.

[0053] In a particular embodiment, R 7 is H, and thereby the functional compound (B) can be defined as an alkyl acrylate. In other embodiments, R 7 R is selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl groups such as any of those described above with respect to R. In some such embodiments, R 7 is an alkyl group, and thereby functional compound (B) can be defined as an alkyl acrylate. In specific embodiments, R 7 Since it is methyl, the acrylate compound (B) can be defined as an alkyl methacrylate ester.

[0054] Specific examples of compounds suitable for use as functional compound (B) include, in general, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, sec-butyl (meth)acrylate, and tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, and tert-butyl acrylate. In certain embodiments, functional compound (B) is selected from methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, and n-butyl (meth)acrylate. In some embodiments, functional compound (B) is selected from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and n-butyl acrylate.

[0055] The functional compound (B) can be used in any form, for example, undiluted (i.e., without solvent, carrier vehicle, diluent, etc.) or in a form distributed in a carrier vehicle such as a solvent or dispersant. The carrier vehicle, if present, may include, or may be, organic solvents (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as heptane, hexane, or octane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and chloroform; etc.; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran), silicone fluids, or combinations thereof.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the functional compound (B) is used in the absence of a carrier vehicle. In some such embodiments, the functional compound (B) is used in the absence of water and carrier vehicle / volatile substances that react with the organosilicon compound (A) and / or the functional compound (B). For example, in certain embodiments, the method may include stripping the volatile substances and / or solvent (e.g., organic solvent, water, etc.) from the functional compound (B). Techniques for stripping from the functional compound (B) are known in the art and may include distillation, heating, application of reduced pressure / vacuum, azeotrope with a solvent, use of molecular sieves, and combinations thereof.

[0057] In certain embodiments, the method includes using a plurality of functional compounds (B), for example, two, three, or four or more functional compounds (B). In such embodiments, each functional compound (B) is independently selected and may be the same as or different from any other functional compound (B).

[0058] Each functional compound (B) can be used in any amount selected by those skilled in the art, which may vary depending on, for example, the specific organosilicon compound (A) and / or functional compound (B) selected, the reaction parameters employed, and the scale of the reaction (e.g., the total amount of components (A) and / or (B) to be reacted and / or the branched organosilicon compound to be prepared).

[0059] Organosilicon compounds (A) and functional compounds (B) are typically reacted in molar ratios of 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, 1.4:1 to 1:1.4, 1.3:1 to 1:1.3, 1.2:1 to 1:1.2, 1.1:1 to 1:1.1, or 1.1:1 to 1:1. However, the relative amounts of organosilicon compounds (A) and functional compounds (B) used may vary depending on, for example, the specific organosilicon compound (A) selected, the functional compound (B) selected, and the reaction parameters employed. As will be understood by those skilled in the art in consideration of the description herein, the reaction of organosilicon compounds (A) and functional compounds (B) to prepare branched organosilicon compounds occurs at the theoretical maximum molar ratio of 1:1 (A):(B). However, an excess amount of one of the components is typically used to completely consume one of the compounds (A) or (B), for example, to simplify the purification of the reaction product formed. For example, in certain embodiments, compound (B) is used in relative excess to maximize the conversion rate of organosilicon compound (A) to branched organosilicon compounds.

[0060] In certain embodiments, an organosilicon compound (A) and a functional compound (B) are reacted in a molar ratio of (A):(B) of 0.1 to 20. For example, in certain embodiments, an organosilicon compound (A) and a functional compound (B) are reacted in a molar ratio of (A):(B) of 1:1 to 1:10, for example, 1:1.1 to 1:10, or 1:1.5 to 1:10, or 1:2 to 1:10, or 1:2.5 to 1:10, or 1:3 to 1:10, or 1:4 to 1:10, or 1:5 to 1:10, or 1:6 to 1:10. In some embodiments, the organosilicon compound (A) and the functional compound (B) are reacted in a molar ratio of (A):(B) of 1:1 to 20:1, for example, 1.1:1 to 20:1, or 1.5:1 to 20:1, or 2:1 to 20:1, or 2.5:1 to 20:1, or 3:1 to 20:1, or 4:1 to 20:1, or 5:1 to 20:1, or 10:1 to 20:1, or 15:1 to 20:1. It will be understood that ratios outside these ranges may also be used. For example, in certain embodiments, the functional compound (B) is used in total excess (for example, 10 times, 15 times, or 20 times the molar amount of the organosilicon compound (A)) when the functional compound (B) is used as a support (i.e., solvent, diluent, etc.) during the reaction.

[0061] Catalyst (C) However, in certain embodiments, an organosilicon compound (A) and a functional compound (B) are reacted in the presence of a catalyst (C). The catalyst is not limited and, as will be understood by those skilled in the art with regard to the description herein, is the alcohol functional portion Y of the organosilicon compound (A). 1 This may be any catalyst suitable for substituting with the acryloxy group of functional compound (B) (for example, by substitution reaction, rearrangement reaction, transesterification reaction, alkylation reaction, etc.).

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the catalyst (C) has the formula M[RC(O)CHC(O)R]4 [wherein M is a group IV transition metal and each R is an independently selected substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group].

[0063] Examples of Group IV transition metals include titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and rutherfordium (Rf). Typically, M is selected from zirconium and hafnium. For example, in some embodiments, the catalyst (C) has the formula Zr[RC(O)CHC(O)R]4. In other embodiments, the catalyst (C) has the formula Hf[RC(O)CHC(O)R]4.

[0064] Each R is an independently selected substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, such as those described above. Thus, each β-diketone in formula RC(O)CHC(O)R may be the same as or different from any other β-diketone in catalyst (C). However, typically, each β-diketone is the same in catalyst (C). Each R may be the same as or different from any other R in catalyst (C) (i.e., the group R of a particular β-diketone may be the same as or different from any other particular β-diketone in catalyst (C)). Specific examples of such hydrocarbyl groups of R include methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, tert-butyl, 2-pyridyl, heptafluoropropyl, isobutyl, 2-meserenyl, phenyl, benzyl, 2-thienyl, and 2-naphthyl groups. Typically, each R is independently selected from methyl and ethyl groups. In certain embodiments, each R is methyl, and such β-diketones of catalyst (C) are each anion of pentane-2,4-dione, and thus can be defined as acetylacetone (AcAc) ligands. While diketones (i.e., diones) have been described conventionally, those skilled in the art will readily understand that anionic ligands represented by the formula RC(O)CHC(O)R are typically characterized as enolates of parent diketones (e.g., β-ketoenolates).

[0065] In specific embodiments, the catalyst (C) is Zr(AcAc)4 and / or Hf(AcAc)4.

[0066] In certain embodiments, the method involves using a plurality of catalysts (C), for example, two different catalysts (C). In such embodiments, each catalyst (C) is selected independently and may be the same as or different from any other catalyst (C) used. For example, in some embodiments, catalyst (C) is a combination of sodium iodide and potassium iodide (i.e., a mixed salt catalyst).

[0067] Methods for preparing compounds suitable for use as catalyst (C), or suitable as catalyst (C), are known in the art, and many of the compounds listed herein are commercially available from various suppliers. Therefore, catalyst (C) may be prepared as part of a method, or may be obtained by other means (i.e., as a prepared compound).

[0068] Catalyst (C) can be used in any form, for example, undiluted (i.e., without solvent, carrier vehicle, diluent, etc.) or distributed in a carrier vehicle such as a solvent or dispersant (e.g., any of those listed above with respect to organosilicon compound (A)). In some embodiments, catalyst (C) is used in the absence of water and carrier vehicle / volatile substances that react with organosilicon compound (A), functional compound (B), and / or catalyst (C) itself (i.e., until combined with components (A) and (B)). For example, in certain embodiments, the method may include stripping volatile substances and / or solvents (e.g., water, organic solvents, etc.) from catalyst (C). Techniques for stripping from catalyst (C) are known in the art and may include heating, drying, application of reduced pressure / vacuum, azeotropic mixing with a solvent, use of molecular sieves, and combinations thereof.

[0069] Catalyst (C) can be used in any amount, which is selected by those skilled in the art depending on, for example, the specific catalyst (C) selected, the reaction parameters employed, and the scale of the reaction (e.g., the total amount of component (A) and component (B)). The molar ratio of catalyst (C) to components (A) and / or (B) used in the reaction affects the reaction rate and / or amount of components (A) and (B) together, which can prepare a branched organosilicon compound. Therefore, the amount of catalyst (C) relative to components (A) and / or (B), and the molar ratio between them, can vary. Typically, these relative amounts and molar ratios are selected to maximize the bonding of components (A) and (B) to prepare a branched organosilicon compound (for example, to improve the economic efficiency of the reaction, simplify the purification of the reaction products formed, etc.).

[0070] In certain embodiments, catalyst (C) is used in the reaction in amounts ranging from 0.001 mol% to 10 mol%, based on the total amount of component (A) used. For example, catalyst (C) can be used in amounts ranging from 0.01 to 10 mol%, or 0.1 to 10 mol%, or 0.1 to 5 mol%, based on the total amount of component (A) used.

[0071] In certain embodiments, catalyst (C) is used in the reaction in amounts ranging from 0.001 mol% to 10 mol%, based on the total amount of component (B) used. For example, catalyst (C) can be used in amounts ranging from 0.01 to 10 mol%, or 0.1 to 10 mol%, or 0.1 to 5 mol%, based on the total amount of component (B) used.

[0072] Polymerization inhibitors (D) In certain embodiments, an organosilicon compound (A) and a functional compound (B) are reacted in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor (D). The polymerization inhibitor is not limited to and may include radical scavengers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, or combinations thereof, or any of these. Such compounds are known in the art and include, for example, chemical compounds or moieties that can interact with and inactivate free radicals by removing them through the formation of covalent bonds. The polymerization inhibitor (D) may also, or alternatively, be a polymerization retarder, i.e., a compound that reduces the initiation and / or propagation rate of radical polymerization. For example, in some embodiments, the polymerization inhibitor (D) includes or is oxygen gas. Generally, the polymerization inhibitor (D) is used to prevent and / or suppress the formation of by-products that may be formed by the radical polymerization of the acrylate compound (B) and / or the acrylate-functionalized branched organosilicon compound.

[0073] The polymerization inhibitor (D) is not limited and may include, or may be, phenol compounds, quinone compounds or hydroquinone compounds, N-oxyl compounds, phenothiazine compounds, hindered amine compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0074] Examples of phenolic compounds include phenol, alkylphenol, aminophenol (e.g., p-aminophenol), nitrosophenol, and alkoxyphenol. Specific examples of such phenolic compounds include o-, m- and p-cresol (methylphenol), 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 6-tert-butyl-2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-methyl-4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylphenol, or 2,2′-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 4,4'-Oxybiphenyl, 3,4-Methylenedioxydiphenol (sesamol), 3,4-Dimethylphenol, Pyrocatechol(1,2-Dihydroxybenzene), 2-(1'-Methylcyclohexa-1'-yl)-4,6-Dimethylphenol, 2-or 4-(1'-phenylethanol-1'-yl)phenol, 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4,6-Tris-tert-butylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, nonylphenol, octylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, bisphenol A, bisphenol B, bisphenol C, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, methyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate methyl, 4-tert-butylpyrocatechol, 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 2-meth Xy-4-methylphenol, 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, 2,4,5-trimethylphenol, 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, 2-isopropylphenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 6-isopropyl-m-cresol, n-octadecyl β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propynyloxyethyl isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-tert-butylbenzyl)isocyanurate or pentaerythrityltetrakis[p-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) [Propionate], 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 6-sec-butyl-2,4-dinitrophenol, octadecyl 3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, hexadecyl 3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, octyl 3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 3-thia-1,5-pentanediol bis[(3',5'-di [-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 4,8-dioxa-1,11-undecanediol bis[(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 4,8-dioxa-1,11-undecanediol bis[(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)propionate], 1,9-nonanediol bis[(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 1,7-heptanediamine bis Su[3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide], 1,1-methanediaminebis[3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide], 3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid hydrazide, 3-(3',5'-dimethyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid hydrazide, bis(3-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl-1-yl)methane, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphen-1-yl)methane, bis[3-(1'-methylcyclohexa-1'-yl)-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphen-1-yl]methane, bis(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphen-1-yl)methane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphen-1-yl)ethane, bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphen-1-yl)sulfide, bis(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphen-1- (Iyl) sulfide, 1,1-bis(3,4-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphen-1-yl)-2-methylpropane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-3-methyl-2-hydroxyphen-1-yl)butane, 1,3,5-tris-[1'-(3Δ,5''-di-tert-butyl-4''-hydroxyphen-1''-yl)meth-1'-yl]-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,1,4-tris(5'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-2'-methylphen-1'-yl)butane and tert-butyl ether (buty leatechol), p-nitrosophenol, p-nitroso-o-cresol, methoxyphenol (guafocol, pyrocatechol monomethyl ether), 2-ethoxyphenol, 2-isopropoxyphenol, 4-methoxyphenol (hydroquinone monomethyl ether), mono- or di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (syringe alcohol) ), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), 4-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzaldehyde (ethyl vanillin), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (isovanillin), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (acetovanillone), eugenol, dihydroeugenol, isoeugenol, α-, β-, γ-, δ- and ε-tocopherol, tocopherol such as tocopherol, α-tocopherolhydroquinone, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-hydroxybenzofuran (2,Examples include 2-dimethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin.

[0075] Suitable quinones and hydroquinones include hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether (4-methoxyphenol), methylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2-methyl-p-hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone, trimethylhydroquinone, 4-methylpyrocatechol, tert-butylhydroquinone, 3-methylpyrocatechol, benzoquinone, 2-methyl-p-hydroquinone, 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone, trimethylhydroquinone, tert-butylhydroquinone, 4-ethoxyphenol, 4-butoxyphenol, hydroquinone monobenzyl ether, p-phenoxyphenol, 2-methylhydroquinone, tetramethyl-p-benzoquinone, diethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedione 2,5-dicarboxylate, phenyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,5-dimethyl-3-benzyl-p-benzoquinone, 2-isopropyl- 5-methyl-p-benzoquinone (thymoquinone), 2,6-diisopropyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-p-benzoquinone, 2,5-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone, Envelin, tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-amino-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,5-bisphenylamino-1,4-benzoquinone, 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphtho Examples include quinones, 2-anilino-1,4-naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, N,N-dimethylindoaniline, N,N-diphenyl-p-benzoquinone diimine, 1,4-benzoquinone dioxime, coellignon, 3,3'-di-tert-butyl-5,5'-dimethyldiphenoquinone, p-rosolic acid (aurine), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-benzylidenebenzoquinone, and 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone.

[0076] Suitable N-oxyl compounds (i.e., nitroxyl group or N-oxyl group) include compounds having at least one NO● group, such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, 4-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO), and 4,4',4''. -Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) phosphite, 3-oxo-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-methoxypiperidine, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-trimethylsilyllopiperidine, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl 2-ethylhexanoate, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-ylsebacate, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-ylsebacate, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl Lamethylpiperidine-4-yl stearate, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl benzoate, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl (4-tert-butyl) benzoate, bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperizidine-4-yl) succinate, bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) adipate, bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) 1,10-decandioate, Bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) n-butylmalonate, bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) phthalate, bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) isophthalate, bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-4-yl) terephthalate, bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) hexahydroterephthalate, N,N'-bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,Examples include 6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)adipamide, N-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)caprolactam, N-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)dodecylsuccinimide, 2,4,6-tris[N-butyl-N-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl]triazine, N,N'-bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N,N'-bisformyl-1,6-diaminohexane, and 4,4'-ethylenebis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyrimidine-3-one).

[0077] Other compounds suitable for use as polymerization inhibitors (D) include phenothiazine (PTZ) and compounds having a similar structure, such as phenoxazine, promazine, N,N'-dimethylphenazine, carbazole, N-ethylcarbazole, N-benzylphenothiazine, N-(1-phenylethyl)phenothiazine, and N-alkylated phenothiazine derivatives such as N-benzylphenothiazine and N-(1-phenylethyl)phenothiazine. Naturally, polymerization inhibitors (D) may contain any number of specific compounds, which may be selected independently and may be the same as or different from any other compound in polymerization inhibitors (D).

[0078] When used, polymerization inhibitor (D) may be added to the reaction as a separate component, or it may be combined with another component (e.g., functional compound (B)) before the reaction of component (A) and component (B). Polymerization inhibitor (D) may be used in any amount selected by those skilled in the art, which will vary depending, for example, the specific polymerization inhibitor (D) selected, the reaction parameters used, the scale of the reaction (e.g., the total amount of components (A) and / or (B)), the reaction atmosphere, the reaction temperature and / or pressure, etc. In certain embodiments, polymerization inhibitor (D) is present in the reaction in amounts of 50 ppm to 2000 ppm, for example, 50 ppm, or 100 ppm, or 250 ppm, or 500 ppm, or 1000 ppm, or 1500 ppm, or 2000 ppm. However, those skilled in the art will readily understand that amounts other than these ranges and exemplary amounts may also be used, for example, if the scale of the reaction and / or conditions require additional amounts of polymerization inhibitor (D). Furthermore, in addition to or instead of the above amounts, oxygen may be added to the reaction as a separate component (for example, instead of or in addition to a separate polymerization inhibitor (D) selected from the above compounds). In such cases, oxygen may be introduced into the reaction in the form of oxygen gas, optionally in the presence of another gas (e.g., in the form of air). If used, the amount of oxygen gas is selected such that the gas phase above the reaction mixture remains below the explosion limit.

[0079] Typically, the reaction between component (A) and component (B) for preparing a branched organosilicon compound is carried out in a vessel or reactor. When the reaction is carried out at high temperatures, as described below, the vessel or reactor can be heated in any preferred manner, for example, via a jacket, heating mantle, hot plate, coil, etc.

[0080] Components (A), (B), and optionally (C) and / or (D) may be supplied together or separately to the container, or distributed in any order and in any combination within the container. For example, in certain embodiments, components (B) and optionally (C) are added to a container containing components (A) and optionally (D). In such embodiments, components (B) and (C) may be combined first before addition, or added sequentially to the container. Generally, the term “reaction mixture” as used herein refers to a mixture containing components (A), (B), and optionally (C) and / or (D) (for example, as obtained by combining the components described above).

[0081] The method of the present invention may further include stirring the reaction mixture. Stirring, for example, can further mix and contact components (A), (B), and optionally (C) and / or (D) in the reaction mixture. Such contact can be carried out independently, with stirring (e.g., in parallel or continuously), or without stirring (i.e., independently or instead), using other conditions. Other conditions may be adjusted to enhance the contact, and consequently the reaction, between the organosilicon compound (A) and the functional compound (B) in order to prepare the branched organosilicon compound. Other conditions may be effective for increasing the reaction yield or for minimizing the amount of specific reaction byproducts included in the reaction product along with the branched organosilicon compound.

[0082] In some embodiments, the reaction is carried out at a high temperature. The high temperature is selected and controlled depending on the selected specific organosilicon compound (A), the selected specific functional compound (B), the specific support and / or the solvent used, if present. Thus, the high temperature is readily selected by those skilled in the art, taking into account the selected reaction conditions and parameters, as well as the description herein. The high temperature is typically a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, ~180°C, for example, 30~170°C, or 40~170°C, or 40~160°C, or 50~150°C, or 50~135°C, or 60~135°C, or 70~130°C, or 80~120°C.

[0083] It should also be understood that high temperatures may differ from the ranges described above. It should also be understood that reaction parameters may be modified during the reaction between component (A) and component (B). For example, temperature, pressure, and other parameters may be independently selected or modified during the reaction. Any of these parameters may independently be ambient parameters (e.g., room temperature and / or atmospheric pressure) and / or non-ambient parameters (e.g., low or high temperature and / or reduced or high pressure). Any parameter may also be modified dynamically, in real time, i.e., during the method, or statically (e.g., over the duration of the reaction or any part thereof).

[0084] The time required for the reaction between component (A) and component (B) to prepare a branched organosilicon compound varies depending on the scale, reaction parameters and conditions, and the selection of specific components. In certain embodiments, the reaction time after combining components (A) and (B) (for example, in the presence of component (C) and / or component (D)) is greater than 0 hours to 48 hours, or 1 to 36 hours, or 2 to 24 hours, or 4 to 12 hours.

[0085] In certain embodiments, the method further includes isolating and / or purifying a branched organosilicon compound from the reaction product. As used herein, isolating a branched organosilicon compound is typically defined as increasing the relative concentration of the branched organosilicon compound compared to other compounds combined with it (e.g., in the reaction product or its purified product). Thus, as understood in the art, isolation / purification may include removing other compounds from such combinations (i.e., reducing the amount of impurities combined with the branched organosilicon compound, for example, in the reaction product), and / or removing the branched organosilicon compound itself from the combination. Any suitable technique and / or protocol for isolation may be used. Examples of suitable isolation techniques include distillation, stripping / evaporation, extraction, filtration, washing, partitioning, phase separation, and chromatography. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, any of these techniques can be used in combination (i.e., sequentially) with any other technique to isolate an acrylate-functionalized branched organosilicon compound. It should be understood that isolation may include the purification of branched organosilicon compounds and may therefore be referred to as the purification of branched organosilicon compounds. However, the purification of branched organosilicon compounds may include alternative and / or additional techniques to the techniques used for the isolation of branched organosilicon compounds. Regardless of the specific techniques selected, the isolation and / or purification of branched organosilicon compounds may be carried out sequentially with the reaction itself (i.e., in a line) and therefore automated. In other examples, purification may be a standalone procedure to which the reaction product containing the branched organosilicon compound is supplied.

[0086] Copolymer Copolymers are also provided. The copolymer comprises a reaction product of a branched organosilicon compound and a second compound reactive with the branched organosilicon compound (hereinafter referred to as the "reactive compound"). As will be understood by those skilled in the art in consideration of the description herein, a variety of copolymers can be prepared depending, for example, the specific branched organosilicon compound used, the specific reactive compound used, the type of reaction carried out, the ratio of the components used, etc. Typically, the reactive compound is acrylate functional.

[0087] Generally, copolymers contain branched organosilicon moieties having the following formula: [ka] This is formed from branched organosilicon compounds used in reactions with reactive compounds. Therefore, with respect to the branched organosilicon portion of the copolymer, the subform R 1 3Si-XN(R 2 The organosilicon moiety represented by )-D- is as defined above with respect to branched organosilicon compounds and methods for forming them. Sub-formula -Y 2 - is the acryloxy portion R of the branched organosilicon compound, as described in more detail below. 3 This is a portion formed from (i.e., during the reaction of branched organosilicon compound reactive compounds).

[0088] In some embodiments, the copolymer is of the general formula: [ka] [In the expression, the lower expression R 1 3Si-XN(R 2 The organosilicon moiety represented by )-D- is as defined above with respect to branched organosilicon compounds and methods for forming them, and Z is a polymer moiety formed from a reactive compound, as will be described in more detail below.

[0089] In certain embodiments, the copolymer has the general formula: [ka] [In the formula, part R 1 3Si-XN(R 2 )-D- and Z are as described above, and the subscript x'' is ≥ 2. In such embodiments, the copolymer may include a linear structure, for example, in the formula, the subscript x'' is 2, the polymer portion Z is linear, and thereby the copolymer has a general structure R 1 3Si-XN(R 2 )-DZDN(R 2 )-X-Si-R 1 It has 3. Alternatively, the copolymer may include branched structures, for example, branched structures in which X is at least trivalent and the subscript x'' is ≥ 2 or ≥ 3.

[0090] In certain embodiments, a second siloxane is used together with a branched organosilicon compound when preparing the copolymer. The second siloxane may be a dendrimer-type siloxane different from the branched organosilicon compound. A specific example of the second siloxane is the following structure: [ka] Examples include those having [wherein Me is methyl and Bu is butyl].

[0091] Further examples include methacryloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, α-butyldimethylsilyl- and ω-3-methacryloxypropyldimethylsilyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (CAS No. 149925-73-5), such as MCR-M07, MCR-M11, MCR-M17, MCR-M22 from Gelest, and Silaplane FM0711, Silaplane FM0721, Silaplane FM0725 from JNC. The second siloxane can be prepared according to the disclosure in Patent Publication No. 1999-001485.

[0092] Polymer portion (of copolymer) The copolymer comprises a polymer moiety, which in the particular embodiment described above is represented by part Z in the specific formula. The polymer moiety is not particularly limited and may include any polymer or combination of polymers that can be grafted onto a branched organosilicon compound or that are reactive with the branched organosilicon compound. In addition, the polymer moiety can be formed in situ in the presence of the branched organosilicon compound; that is, the polymer moiety does not need to be formed before forming the copolymer.

[0093] polyacrylate Typically, the polymer moiety includes, or is a polyacrylate moiety. The polyacrylate moiety is not limited and can be formed from any acrylate compound, as will be described in more detail below. As used herein, the term “polyacrylate moiety” means a moiety containing at least two acrylate functional groups (e.g., alkyl acrylate groups such as methyl, ethyl, or butyl acrylate groups, substituted acrylate groups such as 2-ethylhexyl or hydroxylethyl groups, and others such as methylolpropane acrylate groups). As can be understood in light of the description herein, the polyacrylate moiety may be a monomer, oligomer, polymer, aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, etc. In addition, the copolymer may contain a number of independently selected different polyacrylate moieties.

[0094] The specific polyacrylate moieties present in a copolymer vary depending on the end-use of the copolymer. For example, aliphatic polyacrylate moieties generally have higher flexibility and lower glass transition temperatures (T) than aromatic polyacrylate moieties. g This results in a glass transition temperature (T g As the ) increases, the stiffness increases. Similarly, molecular weight and viscosity can be selected and controlled based on the desired properties of the copolymer.

[0095] Each polyacrylate moiety typically has a number average molecular weight of at least 100 (M n ) has. In a particular embodiment, at least one polyacrylate has at least 100, or at least 125, or at least 150, or at least 200, or at least 250, or at least 300, M n In these or other embodiments, each polyacrylate portion has at least 200, or at least 300, or at least 400, or at least 500, or at least 600, or at least 700, or at least 1,000, or at least 2,000, or at least 4,000, or at least 8,000 M n It has. In a particular embodiment, each polyacrylate portion has a maximum of 20,000 M n , or less than 19,000, or less than 18,000, or less than 17,000, or less than 16,000, or less than 15,000, M n It has the following properties. The number-average molecular weight can be easily determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques based on polystyrene standards.

[0096] Method for preparing copolymers As described above, the copolymer comprises a reaction product of a branched organosilicon compound and a reactive compound. Therefore, a method for preparing the copolymer is further provided ("polymerization method"). This polymerization method comprises reacting a branched organosilicon compound with a reactive compound to obtain a copolymer. Optionally, this polymerization method may also include reacting a second siloxane as described above.

[0097] Branched organosilicon compounds and a second reactive compound Reactive compounds are reactive with branched organosilicon compounds. Typically, reactive compounds include, or are, acrylate-functional compounds. The acrylate-functional compounds are not limited to, and may be any acrylate-functional compounds, as will be described in more detail below. As used herein, the term “acrylate-functional compound” means a compound or molecule containing at least one or at least two acrylate functional groups (e.g., alkyl acrylate groups such as methyl, ethyl, or butyl acrylate groups, substituted acrylate groups such as 2-ethylhexyl or hydroxylethyl groups, and others such as methylolpropane acrylate groups). As can be understood in light of the description herein, acrylate-functional compounds may be monomers, oligomers, polymers, aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, etc. In addition, copolymers may contain a number of independently selected different acrylate functional groups.

[0098] Methods for preparing acrylate compounds and acrylate-functionalized compounds are known in the art. For example, polyacrylates can be prepared by conventional radical polymerization of acrylic monomers. Such conventional methods generally involve combining radically polymerizable monomers (e.g., acrylate monomers, comonomers, etc.) in the presence of radical initiators / generators, such as thermal polymerization initiators, chemical polymerization initiators, and / or photopolymerization initiators. For example, peroxides and aromatic initiators (e.g., heterocyclic substances such as phenol, benzoin, and imidazole) are commonly used. Using these conventional methods, acrylate homopolymers, as well as copolymers including ternary, quaternary, and higher-order copolymers, can be prepared. Furthermore, as can be understood from the description of preferred acrylic monomers herein, difunctional and / or polyfunctional acrylic monomers can also be used, for example, to prepare polyfunctional polyacrylates (and polyacrylate compounds).

[0099] Generally, methods for preparing acrylate-functional compounds use at least one acrylic monomer having an acryloyloxy group or an alkylacryloyloxy group (i.e., acrylates, alkyl acrylates, acrylic acids, alkylacrylic acids, etc., and their derivatives and / or combinations). Such acrylic monomers may be monofunctional or polyfunctional monomers.

[0100] Specific examples of monofunctional acrylic monomers suitable for the preparation of polyacrylates (and polyacrylate moieties) include (alkyl)acrylic compounds, such as methyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxy-2-methylethyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxyethoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-phenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2-phenylphenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 4-phenylphenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, and 3-(2-phenylphenyl)-2-hydro Xypropyl (meth)acrylate, polyoxyethylene-modified p-cumylphenol (meth)acrylate, 2-bromophenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2,4-dibromophenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2,4,6-tribromophenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, polyoxyethylene-modified phenoxy (meth)acrylate, polyoxypropylene-modified phenoxy (meth)acrylate, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, 1-adamantyl (meth)acrylate Lilate, 2-methyl-2-adamantyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethyl-2-adamantyl (meth)acrylate, bornyl (meth)acrylate, tricyclodecanyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 4-butylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, acryloylmorpholine, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, Methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, amyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, isoamyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, heptyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate,Decyl (meth)acrylate, Isodecyl (meth)acrylate, Undecyl (meth)acrylate, Dodecyl (meth)acrylate, Lauryl (meth)acrylate, Stearyl (meth)acrylate, Isostearyl (meth)acrylate, Benzyl (meth)acrylate, 1-Naphthylmethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-Naphthylmethyl (meth)acrylate, Tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, Butoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, Ethoxydiethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, Poly(ethylene glycol) mono(meth)acrylate, Poly(propylene glycol) mono(meth)acrylate, Methoxyethylene glycol Examples include meth)acrylate, ethoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate, methoxypoly(propylene glycol) (meth)acrylate, diacetone (meth)acrylamide, isobutoxymethyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, t-octyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, 7-amino-3,7-dimethyloctyl (meth)acrylate, N,N-diethyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide, and their derivatives.

[0101] Specific examples of polyfunctional acrylic monomers suitable for the preparation of polyacrylates (and polyacrylate moieties) include (alkyl)acrylic compounds having two or more acryloyl or methacryloyl groups, such as trimethylolpropanedi(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropanetri(meth)acrylate, polyoxyethylene-modified trimethylolpropanetri(meth)acrylate, polyoxypropylene-modified trimethylolpropanetri(meth)acrylate, and polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene-modified trimethylolpropanetri(meth)acrylate. Trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, dimethylol tricyclodecane di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, phenylethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) di(meth)acrylate, poly(propylene glycol) di(meth)acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate Acrylate, 1,6-Hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, Neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,9-Nonanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,10-Decanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,3-Adamantane dimethanol di(meth)acrylate, o-Xylylenedi(meth)acrylate, m-Xylylenedi(meth)acrylate, p-Xylylenedi(meth)acrylate, Tris(2-Hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, Tris(Acryloyloxy) Examples include socianurates, bis(hydroxymethyl)tricyclodecanedi(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, polyoxyethylene-modified 2,2-bis(4-((meth)acryloxy)phenyl)propane, polyoxypropylene-modified 2,2-bis(4-((meth)acryloxy)phenyl)propane, and polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene-modified 2,2-bis(4-((meth)acryloxy)phenyl)propane.

[0102] It should be understood that, for the sake of brevity, the above-mentioned (alkyl)acrylic compounds are described in relation only to (meth)acrylate species, and that those skilled in the art will readily understand that other alkyl and / or hydride forms of such compounds may also be used. For example, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-listed monomer "2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate" exemplifies both 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. Similarly, in the above examples, acrylic monomers are generally described as propenoates (i.e., α,β-unsaturated esters), but it should be understood that the term "acrylate" used in these descriptions may equally refer to the acids, salts, and / or conjugate bases of the exemplified esters. For example, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-listed monomer "methyl acrylate" exemplifies methyl esters of acrylic acid, as well as acrylic acid, acrylate salts (e.g., sodium acrylate), etc. Furthermore, polyfunctional derivatives / variants of the above-listed acrylic monomers may also be used. For example, the monomer "ethyl (meth)acrylate" listed above exemplifies functionalized derivatives such as substituted ethyl (meth)acrylate and substituted ethyl acrylate (e.g., hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate, respectively).

[0103] Comonomers (i.e., monomers reactive with the acrylic monomers described above) may also be used to prepare acrylate-functional compounds, or otherwise may be present together with the acrylate-functional compounds. Such monomers are not limited and generally include compounds having radically polymerizable groups such as alkenyl groups, acryloyl groups, and alkylacryloyl groups. Generally, comonomers are selected by those skilled in the art, for example, to modify the properties of acrylate-functional compounds and / or copolymers formed using them. For example, it is known in the art that styrene can be copolymerized with an acrylic monomer to prepare polyacrylates (and polyacrylate moieties) having increased hardness compared to those without such styrene comonomers. Similarly, comonomers such as acrylonitrile can be used to increase interchain polarity interactions, thereby increasing the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of polyacrylates (and polyacrylate moieties), as well as to decrease the low-temperature flexibility of such polyacrylates (and polyacrylate moieties). Furthermore, those skilled in the art will readily select the proportion of monomers used, the order of addition, the length of the reaction, and other factors to independently control various properties (e.g., flexibility, solubility, hardness, polarity, etc.) of the polyacrylate moiety, copolymers containing the polyacrylate moiety, and / or products prepared using them. Specific examples of suitable comonomers include styrene, acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride, ethylene, propylene, butylene, chloroprene, isoprene, tetrafluoroethylene, and their derivatives.

[0104] Combinations of acrylic monomers can also be used as acrylate-functional compounds or for preparing acrylate-functional compounds, thereby understanding that the acrylate-functional compound may be a homopolymer or copolymer with respect to any repeating segment therein. For example, a polyfunctional polyacrylate can be prepared using the above method, for example, by using monofunctional and polyfunctional acrylic monomers. These different functional monomers are typically selected by those skilled in the art based on their reactivity and interpolymer and / or intrapolymer interactions to alter the mechanical strength of the polyacrylate prepared using them. For example, preparing a cured product containing a copolymer using a polyacrylate moiety containing a combination of monofunctional and polyfunctional acrylic monomers can increase mechanical strength compared to using a homopolymer polyacrylate moiety. Similarly, preparing a cured product containing a copolymer using a homopolymer polyacrylate moiety can increase flexibility compared to using a polyfunctional polyacrylate moiety.

[0105] In specific embodiments, the acrylate-functional compound comprises or is prepared from methyl (meth)acrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, and / or styrene monomer.

[0106] It will also be understood that the acrylate-functionalized compounds prepared as described above may be monofunctional or polyfunctional with respect to the non-acrylic functional groups present therein. For example, polyacrylate alcohols, diols, and / or polyols can be prepared using such methods, for example, by the methods described above (e.g., by using hydroxyl-functionalized monomers) and by modifications thereof (e.g., by utilizing post-polymerization functionalization techniques such as end-binding and / or grafting of functional group-containing compounds onto polyacrylates). Such functional group-containing compounds have alkoxysilyl groups, which can be grafted onto polyacrylates by hydrosilylation or other methods known in the art. For example, in certain embodiments, the polyacrylate moiety is prepared from a polyacrylate polyol. In these or other embodiments, the polyacrylate moiety is prepared from a polyacrylate compound containing a dimethoxymethylsilyl group. In certain embodiments, the polyacrylate moiety is prepared from a polyacrylate compound composed of at least one radical polymerizable group, such as an acryloyl functional group.

[0107] Acrylate-functionalized compounds typically have a number average molecular weight of at least 100 (M n ) has. In certain embodiments, the acrylate functional compound has at least 100, or at least 125, or at least 150, or at least 200, or at least 250, or at least 300, M n In these or other embodiments, each polyacrylate portion has at least 200, or at least 300, or at least 400, or at least 500, or at least 600, or at least 700, or at least 1,000, or at least 2,000, or at least 4,000, or at least 8,000 M n It has. In a particular embodiment, the acrylate functional compound has a maximum M of 100,000. n, or less than 80,000, or less than 60,000, or less than 40,000, or less than 20,000, or less than 19,000, or less than 18,000, or less than 17,000, or less than 16,000, or less than 15,000, M n It has the following properties. The number-average molecular weight can be easily determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques based on polystyrene standards.

[0108] Compositions and uses of branched organosilicon compounds and copolymers Compositions are also provided. A composition comprises at least one of a branched organosilicon compound ("the Compound") and a copolymer. In various embodiments, the composition comprises the Compound but does not contain the copolymer. In specific embodiments, the composition further comprises the Compound in addition to the copolymer. In other embodiments, the composition comprises the copolymer but does not contain the Compound. The compositions may, in general and without limitation, have a variety of forms, functions, uses, end-uses, etc.

[0109] When used, compounds can be present in a composition in various amounts. The same applies to copolymers when used in a composition. Those skilled in the art can easily determine suitable amounts of compounds and / or copolymers, for example, depending on a particular composition, compound, or desired result.

[0110] In various embodiments, a composition is further defined as at least one of (i) an emulsion, (ii) an aqueous composition, (iii) a surfactant composition, (iv) a wetting composition, (v) an aqueous film-forming foam, (vi) a surface tension modifier, (vii) an anti-blocking additive, (viii) an agricultural composition, (ix) a coating composition, (x) a paint composition, (xi) a surface treatment composition, (xii) a film-forming composition, and (xiii) a cosmetic composition. Those skilled in the art will understand that certain compositions may overlap in terms of form / or function. References to compositions and any one of these specific compositions (e.g., emulsions) may be interchangeable in the following description.

[0111] The compound can be used in a wide range of applications. In various embodiments, the compound is used as at least one of the following: surfactant, dispersant, wetting agent, anti-blocking additive, surface tension modifier, surface treatment agent, additive for agricultural compositions, additive for coatings, additive for paints, cosmetic ingredient, siloxane modifier, and aqueous film-forming foam component. Those skilled in the art will understand that specific uses or applications may overlap in terms of function and / or desired results.

[0112] Copolymers can also be used in a variety of applications, which may be the same as or different from the applications of the compound described above. In certain embodiments, copolymers are used as at least one of surface treatment agents, paint additives, coating additives, and cosmetic ingredients.

[0113] In a composition, a compound or copolymer may be used alone or in combination, supplemented with at least one auxiliary component, or may function as an auxiliary to at least one other component in the presence of one or more optional additives. In various embodiments, the compound or copolymer may be referred to as an agent, additive, adjuvant, component, or modifier / modifier.

[0114] Each compound or copolymer may be reactive with or inert to other components present in the composition. In compositions or applications where a composition, compound, or copolymer comes into contact with a surface or substrate, bonds to the surface or substrate may exist, such bonds may be mechanical / physical, chemical, or a combination thereof. For example, the surface may have functional groups that are reactive with the compound. Such functional groups may be inherent to the surface or may be imparted by one or more conventional surface treatments. Specific exemplary compositions and their components are described below.

[0115] Certain components or additives may be classified using different technical terms, but it should be recognized that this is solely for the purpose of classifying components or additives, and the terms do not mean to be limited to their function. One or more additives may be present in any suitable weight percent (W%) of the composition, for example, from 0.01% to 65% by weight, or from 0.05% to 35% by weight, or from 0.1% to 15% by weight, or from 0.5% to 5% by weight, or less than 0.1% by weight. Those skilled in the art can easily determine the suitable amount of an additive, for example, depending on the type of additive and the desired result. Specific optional additives are described in more detail below.

[0116] In various embodiments, the composition includes or is an emulsion. The emulsion is generally selected from the group of silicone / oil-in-water (O / W) and water-in-oil / silicone (W / O) emulsions, without limitation. The emulsion includes a non-aqueous phase and an aqueous phase. Typically, the non-aqueous phase is a discontinuous phase in the emulsion, and the aqueous phase is a continuous phase. However, as described below, the non-aqueous phase may be a continuous phase and the aqueous phase a discontinuous phase, depending on the amount of involvement of the components present.

[0117] The discontinuous phase generally forms particles within the continuous phase of the emulsion. These particles are liquids, or sometimes called droplets. The size of the particles typically depends, for example, on the selection and quantity of their components.

[0118] In various embodiments, the non-aqueous phase of the emulsion comprises the compounds and / or copolymers of the Disclosure. In certain embodiments, the non-aqueous phase further comprises a carrier vehicle for the compounds and / or copolymers. The carrier vehicle may be selected from vehicles understood in the art, such as siloxane carrier vehicles, inorganic solvents, and organic solvents. In other or further embodiments, the non-aqueous phase further comprises a surfactant, as further described below. Exemplary emulsions, compositions comprising the emulsions, and films formed using them are described in International Publication No. 2018145069(A1).

[0119] Typical non-limiting examples of organic solvents include toluene, xylene, and similar aromatic hydrocarbons; hexane, heptane, isooctane, and similar linear or partially branched saturated hydrocarbons; cyclohexane and similar aliphatic hydrocarbons; low molecular weight alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol; di(propylene glycol) monomethyl ether, di(ethylene glycol) butyl ether, di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, di(propylene glycol) butyl ether, di(propylene glycol) methyl ether acetate, di(propylene glycol) propyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propylene glycol propyl ether, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, tri(propylene glycol) methyl ether, and tri(propylene glycol) butyl ether, as well as other similar glycols.

[0120] The aqueous phase contains water. The water may come from any source and may be optionally purified by methods such as filtration, distillation, or reverse osmosis.

[0121] In many embodiments, the emulsion further comprises a surfactant. Surfactants, sometimes referred to as emulsifiers, generally work to emulsify the non-aqueous phase in the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The surfactant may be any surfactant suitable for preparing emulsions having both a non-aqueous and an aqueous phase.

[0122] For example, the surfactant may include one or more anionic, cationic, nonionic, and / or amphoteric surfactants; organically modified silicones such as dimethicone copolyol; oxyethylene and / or oxypropylene ethers of glycerol; oxyethylene and / or oxypropylene ethers of fatty alcohols such as ceteareth-30 and C12-15 pareth-7; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol such as PEG-50 stearate and PEG-40 monostearate; sugar esters and ethers such as sucrose stearate, sucrose cocoate, and sorbitan stearate, and mixtures thereof; phosphate esters such as DEA oleth-10 phosphate and salts thereof; sulfosuccinates such as disodium PEG-5 citrate lauryl sulfosuccinate and disodium ricinolamide MEA sulfosuccinate; alkyl ether sulfates such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate; isethionates; betaine derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

[0123] In certain embodiments, the surfactant includes anionic surfactants.Examples of anionic surfactants include carboxylate (2-(2-hydroxyalkyloxy)sodium acetate), amino acid derivatives (N-acyl glutamate, N-acylglycinate, or acyl sarcosinate), alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfonates and their oxyethylene derivatives, sulfonates, isethionates and N-acyl isethionates, taurates and N-acyl N-methyl taurates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, phosphates and alkyl phosphates, polypeptides, anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides (acyl-D-galactosidouronate), fatty acid soaps, alkali metal sulforicinates; sulfonated glyceryl esters of fatty acids such as sulfonated monoglycerides of coconut oil acid; and sodium oleylacetianate. Salts of sulfonated monohydric alcohol esters such as oleylisethianate; amides of aminosulfonic acids such as sodium salt of oleylmethyltaurid; sulfonates of fatty acid nitriles such as palmitonitrile sulfonic acid; sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbons such as sodium α-naphthalene monosulfonate; condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde; sodium octahydroanthracene sulfonate; alkali metal alkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate; sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium alkylaryl ether sulfate Sulfate ethers having alkyl groups having eight or more carbon atoms, such as ammonium and alkylaryl ether sulfate; alkylaryl sulfonic acids having one or more alkyl groups having eight or more carbon atoms; alkali metal salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids exemplified by sodium hexylbenzenesulfonate, sodium octylbenzenesulfonate, sodium decylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium cetylbenzenesulfonate, and sodium myristylbenzenesulfonate; CH3(CH2)6CH2O(C2H4O)2SO3H, CH3(CH2)7CH2O(C2H4O). 3.5SO3H, CH3(CH2)8CH2O(C2H4O)8SO3H, CH3(CH2) 19 CH2O(C2H4O)4SO3H and CH3(CH2) 10 Examples include sulfate esters of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers containing CH2O(C2H4O)6SO3H; and sodium salts, potassium salts, and amine salts of alkylnaphthylsulfonic acids, as well as mixtures thereof.

[0124] In these or other embodiments, the surfactant includes cationic surfactants. Examples of cationic surfactants include various fatty acid amines and amides and their derivatives, as well as salts of fatty acid amines and amides. Examples of aliphatic fatty acid amines include dodecylamine acetate, octadecylamine acetate, and acetates of amines of tallow fatty acids, homologs of aromatic amines having fatty acids such as dodecylanalin, aliphatic amides derived from aliphatic diamines such as undecylimidazoline, aliphatic amides derived from aliphatic diamines such as undecylimidazoline, aliphatic amides derived from disubstituted amines such as oleylaminodiethylamine, derivatives of ethylenediamines, quaternary ammonium compounds and their derivatives include tallowtrimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, dihexadecylammonium chloride, octyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, dodecyltri Examples include methylammonium hydroxide, alkyltrimethylammonium hydroxides such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, dialkyldimethylammonium hydroxides such as octyldimethylammonium hydroxide, decyldimethylammonium hydroxide, didodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide, dioctadecyldimethylammonium hydroxide, talotrimethylammonium hydroxide, coconut oil, trimethylammonium hydroxide, methylpolyoxyethylene cocoammonium chloride, and amide derivatives of amino alcohols such as dipalmytilhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate and β-hydroxyethyl stearylamide, amine salts of long-chain fatty acids, and mixtures thereof.

[0125] In these or other embodiments, the surfactant includes a nonionic surfactant. Examples of nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (such as lauryl, cetyl, stearyl, or octyl), polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ethers, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolate, polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethoxylated trimethylnonanol, polyoxyalkylene glycol-modified polysiloxane surfactants, polyoxyalkylene-substituted silicones (lake type or ABn type), silicone alkanolamides, silicone esters, silicone glycosides, dimethicone copolyols, fatty acid esters of polyols, such as sorbitol and glyceryl mono-, di-, tri- and sesquioleates, and stearate, glyceryl and polyethylene glycol laurate; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol (such as polyethylene glycol monostearate and monolaurate), polyoxyethylene-modified fatty acid esters of sorbitol (such as stearate and oleate), and mixtures thereof.

[0126] In these or other embodiments, the surfactant includes amphoteric surfactants. Examples of amphoteric surfactants include amino acid surfactants, betaine surfactants, trimethylnonyl polyethylene glycol ethers and polyethylene glycol ether alcohols having a linear alkyl group having 11 to 15 carbon atoms, for example, 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonyloxypolyethyleneoxyethanol (6EO) (sold as Tergitol® TMN-6 by OSi Specialties, A Witco Company (Endicott, NY)), 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonyloxypolyethyleneoxyethanol (10EO) (sold as Tergitol® TMN-10 by OSi Specialties, A Witco Company (Endicott, NY)), alkylene-oxypolyethyleneoxyethanol (C 11~15 Secondary alkyl, 9EO) (Sold as Tergitol® 15-S-9 by OSi Specialties, A Witco Company (Endicott, NY)), alkylene-oxypolyethylene oxyethanol (C 11~15Secondary alkyls, 15EO) (sold as Tergitol® 15-S-15 by OSi Specialties, A Witco Company (Endicott, NY)), octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol having varying amounts of ethylene oxide units, e.g., octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (40EO) (sold as Triton® X405 by Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, Pa.)), nonionic ethoxylated tridecyl ethers available from Emery Industries (Mauldin, SC) under the generic name Trycol, alkali metal dialkyl sulfosuccinates available from American Cyanamid Company (Wayne, NJ) under the generic name Aerosol, polyethoxylated quaternary ammonium salts of primary aliphatic amines, and ethylene oxide condensation products (Armak Examples include polyoxyalkylene glycol-modified polysiloxanes (available from the Company (Chicago, Illinois) under the trademark names Ethoquad, Ethomeen, or Arquad), N-alkylamide betaines and their derivatives, proteins and their derivatives, glycine derivatives, sultaines, alkyl polyaminocarboxylates and alkyl amphoacetates, and mixtures thereof. These surfactants are also available from other suppliers under various trademark names.

[0127] Surfactants can be included in the emulsion at concentrations effective for emulsifying the non-aqueous phase in the aqueous phase (or vice versa). Such concentrations range from greater than 0% to 10% by weight, or from 0.3% to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion. Surfactants, or combinations of surfactants, can be present in the aqueous phase of the emulsion, the non-aqueous phase of the emulsion, the interface between the aqueous and non-aqueous phases, or in combinations thereof.

[0128] The emulsion may further contain one or more various optional additives, such as coupling agents, antistatic agents, ultraviolet (UV) absorbers, plasticizers, leveling agents, preservatives, surfactants (surfactants or detergents or emulsifiers), foaming accelerators, deposition agents, thickeners, aqueous phase stabilizers, fillers, suspending agents, biocides, freeze / thaw additives, antifreeze agents, viscosity modifiers, foam control agents, dyes (e.g., pigments), binders, and combinations thereof.

[0129] Alternatively, or in addition to the above, the emulsion may further contain various additive compounds to improve the properties of the film formed therefrom. Examples of additive compounds include silanes, such as tetrakis(dimethylamine)silane, tetraethyl orthosilicate, glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, triethylsilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, and siloxanes, such as heptamethyltrisiloxane and tetramethyldisiloxane.

[0130] In some embodiments, the emulsion may be a coating composition or may be formulated to become a coating composition. Such coating compositions are typically used to provide a continuous protective coating on a substrate by applying the coating composition to the surface of the substrate. Examples of such substrates include organic or inorganic components, household materials such as leather, paper, wood, metal, plastic, fabric, and paint. The coating composition may also be equally suitable for other uses, such as as a protective and / or decorative coating, or as a component in paints.

[0131] In various embodiments, compounds and / or copolymers can be used as additives for epoxy coatings. Many epoxy coatings are understood in the art, including those described in U.S. Patent No. 8,722,148 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20060205861.

[0132] In various embodiments, the composition comprises an emulsion and an organic binder. The emulsion may be formed in situ within the composition, or the emulsion may be prepared first and then combined with the organic binder along with any other optional component to obtain the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition is formed by combining the emulsion and the organic binder with any optional component. The emulsion is typically present in the composition, i.e., the emulsion is not destroyed by forming the composition using the emulsion.

[0133] The organic binder is not limited and is generally selected based on the end use of the composition. Exemplary examples are given below, but any organic binder may be used in the composition. The organic binder may be reactive or nonreactive, and may be thermoplastic and / or thermosetting. Typically, the organic binder is an organic polymer and / or resin.

[0134] In certain embodiments, the organic binder includes natural latex. In these or other embodiments, the organic binder includes synthetic latex. The organic binder may also be a combination of natural and synthetic latex. For example, the organic binder is typically natural and / or synthetic latex when the composition is used to prepare a film or coating. Natural and synthetic latex are known in the art. For example, depending on the choice of organic binder, the composition can be used as a coating, for example, a heat-resistant coating which may be solvent-free. The coating can be used for thermal insulation, antifouling, building, commercial / industrial or residential, protective, leather, and textile applications.

[0135] Specific examples of organic binders include, but are not limited to, polyolefins, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, styrene (e.g., styrene-butadiene rubber), acrylonitrile-butadiene, epoxy resins, phenols, polyesters, polyvinyl butyral, phenoxy resins, polyureas, cellulose resins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyethers, alkyds, silicones, and acrylonitrile. Organic binders may include combinations of such organic binders, or copolymers or terpolymers containing one or more such organic binders.

[0136] The content of the organic binder in the composition can vary depending on a number of factors, including its selection, the type and amount of emulsion present in the composition, and the end use of the composition. Increasing the amount of organic binder generally results in films with increased hardness and other improved physical properties. In certain embodiments, the composition contains the binder in amounts of 0 to 100% by weight, 0 to 50% by weight, 0.1 to 40% by weight, or 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0137] The organic binder may be dispersed or arranged in a carrier vehicle. The carrier vehicle may be any suitable carrier vehicle that typically solubilizes the organic binder. The carrier vehicle is typically dependent on the organic binder being used. The carrier vehicle may be water, or a solvent other than water, such as an organic solvent, so that the composition as a whole is aqueous. In certain embodiments, the composition is substantially water-free, such as an emulsion. Substantially water-free is defined in relation to an emulsion.

[0138] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more optional components. The composition may contain any of the optional components described above with respect to the emulsion. These optional components may be present in the emulsion and therefore included in the composition, incorporated into a composition independent of the emulsion, or both. Specific examples of optional components include, but are not limited to, colorants, combining agents, surfactants, thickeners, defoamers, compatibilizers, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, biocides, and flame retardants. Some of these optional components may be present in the emulsion as described above and therefore included in the composition, or one or more of these optional components may be incorporated when forming the composition. Any of the optional components described above with respect to the emulsion may also be present in the composition by introduction from the emulsion or by including further amounts of specific components. For example, the composition may include a catalyst, which may be the same as or different from any catalyst that may be present in the emulsion.

[0139] In certain embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more colorants such as pigments, dyes, etc. Such colorants may be organic or inorganic, synthetic or natural. Examples of colorants are described above with respect to the emulsion. The emulsion and the composition itself may contain different colorants selected independently. Further examples of suitable colorants include cadmium yellow, cadmium red, cadmium green, cadmium orange, carbon black (such as vine black, lamp black, etc.), ivory black (bone char), chrome yellow, chrome green, cobalt violet, cobalt blue, cerulean blue, aureolin (cobalt yellow), azurite, hansa purple, hansa blue, Egyptian blue, malachite, Paris green, phthalocyanine blue BN, phthalocyanine green G, verdigris, viridian, sanguin, caput mortuum, oxide red, red ochre, Venetian red, Prussian blue, yellow ochre, rosienna, burnt sienna, raw amber, burnt amber, Kremsnitzh white, Naples yellow, vermilion titanium yellow, titanium beige, titanium white (TiO2), titanium black, ultramarine, ultramarine green shade, zinc white, zinc ferrite, alizarin (synthetic or natural), alizarin crimson (synthetic or natural), Gamboge, cochineal red, rose madder, indigo, Indian yellow, thioindigo purple, quinacridone, magenta, phthalogreen, phthaloblue, pigment red 170, or any combination thereof.

[0140] In certain embodiments, the composition further comprises a coalescing aid. Suitable coalescing aids include any compound that reduces the minimum film forming temperature of an organic binder when an organic binder actually forms a film when removing any carrier vehicle or water from the composition and / or increases the rate of solid film formation from the organic binder. Examples of suitable coalescing aids include glycol ethers, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol isobutyrate, and combinations thereof.

[0141] In certain embodiments, the composition further comprises a surfactant. The surfactant may be the same as or different from any surfactant utilized in an emulsion, examples of which have been described above.

[0142] A thickening agent (or rheology modifier) may also be included in the composition to achieve the desired viscosity and flow characteristics. Depending on its selection, in the selection of an organic binder, the thickening agent can function, for example, by forming multiple hydrogen bonds with the organic binder, thereby causing chain entanglement, loop formation, and / or swelling, resulting in restricted volume. In certain embodiments, thickening agents such as cellulose derivatives including hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose can be utilized.

[0143] In some embodiments, the composition comprises an antifoaming agent. The antifoaming agent may be any suitable chemical additive that reduces and inhibits the formation of foam in the composition. Antifoaming agents are known in the art and are typically selected based on other components present in the composition.

[0144] If the composition contains a compatibilizer, the compatibilizer may be any compound or component that alters or improves the wetting of the components in the composition. Examples of such compatibilizers include titanium alcoholates, phosphate esters, phosphite esters, phosphonic acid esters, and silicate esters, metal salts and esters of aliphatic, aromatic, and alicyclic acids, ethylene / acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, ethylene / acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters, ethylene / vinyl acetate resins, styrene / maleic anhydride resins or esters thereof, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resins, methacrylate / butadiene styrene resins (MBS), styrene acrylonitrile resins (SAN), and butadiene acrylonitrile copolymers. Alternatively, or in addition, the compatibilizer may include silanes, such as hydrocarbonoxysilanes, such as alkoxysilanes, combinations of alkoxysilanes and hydroxy-functional polyorganosiloxanes, amino-functional silanes, or combinations thereof. The silane may contain any functional group, which may be an adhesion-promoting group such as an amino group, epoxy group, mercapto group, and / or acrylate group. Combinations of functional groups may be used; for example, (D) the compatibilizer may contain an epoxy-functionalized alkoxysilane. Suitable epoxy-functionalized organic groups are exemplified by 3-glycidoxypropyl and (epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl. Unsaturated organic groups are exemplified by 3-methacryloyloxypropyl, 3-acryloyloxypropyl, and unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon groups such as vinyl, allyl, hexenyl, and undecylenyl. Examples of suitable epoxy-functionalized alkoxysilanes include 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, (epoxycyclohexyl)ethyldimethoxysilane, (epoxycyclohexyl)ethyldiethoxysilane, and combinations thereof.Suitable examples of unsaturated alkoxysilanes include vinyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, hexenyltrimethoxysilane, undecylenyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane, and combinations thereof. Amino-functional silanes, such as amino-functional alkoxysilanes, may have a variety of amino groups, as understood in the art. Other examples of compatibilizers include modified polyethylene and modified polypropylene obtained by modifying polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively, using reactive groups containing polar monomers such as maleic anhydride or esters, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or esters, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, and styrene.

[0145] Specific examples of UV stabilizers include branched and linear 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol (TINUVIN® 571). Further examples of suitable UV stabilizers include bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, methyl 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl / sebacate, and combinations thereof (TINUVIN® 272). These and other TINUVIN® additives (e.g., TINUVIN® 765) are commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals (Tarrytown, NY, USA). Other UV and light stabilizers are commercially available and exemplified by LowLite from Chemtura, OnCap from PolyOne, and Light Stabilizer 210 from EIdu Pont de Nemours and Company (Delaware, USA). An example of an oligomeric antioxidant stabilizer (particularly a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS)) is Ciba TINUVIN® 622, which is a dimethyl ester of butanediic acid copolymerized with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidineethanol.

[0146] When used, the antioxidant may be any antioxidant known in the art. Specific examples include phenolic antioxidants and combinations of phenolic antioxidants and stabilizers. Phenolic antioxidants include fully sterically hindrance phenols and partially sterically hindrance phenols, and sterically hindrance amines (e.g., tetramethyl-piperidine derivatives). Suitable phenolic antioxidants include vitamin E and Ciba SpecialtyAn example is IRGANOX® 1010 from Chemicals (USA). IRGANOX® 1010 contains pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate). Further examples of antioxidants include acetylcysteine, arbutin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ascorbic acid dipalmitate, ascorbic acid methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbic acid palmitate, ascorbic acid stearate, BHA, p-hydroxyanisole, BHT, t-butylhydroquinone, caffeic acid, tea oil, chitosan ascorbate, chitosan glycolate, chitosan salicylate, chlorogenic acid, cysteine, cysteine ​​HCl, decylmethyl Lucaptomethylimidazole, erythorbic acid, diamylhydroquinone, di-t-butylhydroquinone, dicetylthiodipropionate, dicyclopentadiene / t-butylcresol copolymer, digalloyltrioleate, dilaurylthiodipropionate, dimyristylthiodipropionate, dioleyltocopherylmethylsilanol, isoquercitrin, diosmin, disodium ascorbate sulfate, disodium rutinyl disulfate, distearylthiodipropionate, ditri Decylthiodipropionate, dodecyl gallate, ethyl ferlate, ferulic acid, hydroquinone, hydroxylamine HCl, hydroxylamine sulfate, isooctyl thioglycolate, kojic acid, madecassicoside, magnesium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate phosphate, melatonin, methoxy-PEG-7 rutinyl succinate, methylenedi-t-butyl cresol, methylsilanol ascorbate, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, octyl gallate, phenylthioglycolic acid, phloroglucinol, potassium tocopheryl ascorbate phosphate, thiodiglycolamide, potassium sulfite, propyl gallate, rosmarinic acid, rutin, sodium ascorbate, sodium ascorbate / cholesteryl phosphate, sodium bisulfite, sodium erythorbate, sodium metadisulfide, sodium sulfite, sodium thioglycolate, sorbityl furfural, tea tree (Melaleuca)The substances include aftemifolia oil, tocopheryl acetate, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, tetrahydrodiferuloylmethane, tocopheryl linoleate / oleate, thiodiglycol, tocopheryl succinate, thiodiglycolic acid, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, thiosalicylic acid, thiotaurine, retinol, tocophereth-5, tocophereth-10, tocophereth-12, tocophereth-18, tocophereth-50, tocopherol, tocophersolan, tocopheryl linoleate, tocopheryl nicotinate, tocoquinone, o-tolylbiguanide, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, ubiquinone, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, and mixtures thereof.

[0147] Biocides may be exemplified by fungicides, herbicides, pesticides, antimicrobial agents, or combinations thereof.

[0148] Specific examples of fungicides include N-substituted benzimidazole carbamates, benzimidazolyl carbamates, such as methyl 2-benzimidazolyl carbamate, ethyl 2-benzimidazolyl carbamate, isopropyl 2-benzimidazolyl carbamate, methyl N-{2-[1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]} carbamate, methyl N-{2-[1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-6-methylbenzimidazolyl]} carbamate, and methyl N-{2-[1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl )-5-methylbenzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methyl N-{2-[1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methyl N-{2-[1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-6-methylbenzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methyl N-{2-[1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-5-methylbenzimidazolyl]}carbamate, ethyl N-{2-[1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, ethyl N-{2-[2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl ]}carbamate, ethyl N-{2-[1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-6-methylbenzimidazolyl]}carbamate, ethyl N-{2-[1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-6-methylbenzimidazolyl]}carbamate, isopropyl N-{2-[1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, isopropyl N-{2-[1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methyl N-{2-[1-(N-propylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate methyl N-{2-[1-(N-butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methoxyethyl N-{2-[1-(N-propylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methoxyethyl N-{2-[1-(N-butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, ethoxyethyl N-{2-[1-(N-propylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, ethoxyethyl N-{2-[1-(N-butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methyl N-{1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methyl N-{2-[N-methylcarbamoyloxy)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methyl N-{2-[1-(N-butylcarbamoyloxy)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, ethoxyethyl N-{2-[1-(N-propylcarbamoyl)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, ethoxyethyl N-{2 -[1-(N-butylcarbamoyloxy)benzimidazolyl]}carbamate, methyl N-{2-[1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-6-chlorobenzimidazolyl]}carbamate, and methyl N-{2-[1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-6-nitrobenzimidazolyl]}carbamate), 10,10'-oxybisphenoxarcin (trademark: Vinyzene, OB PA), diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone, benzothiophen-2-cyclohexylcarboxamide-S,S-dioxide, N-(fluoridiochloride (methylthio)phthalimide) (trademark: Fluor-Folper, and Preventol A3), methyl-benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate (trademark: Carbendazim, Preventol) Examples include BCM, zinc-bis(2-pyridylthio-1-oxide)(zinc pyrithione)2-(4-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole, N-phenyliodopropagylcarbamate, N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloride-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, N-butyl-1,2-benzoisothiazolin-3-one, and / or triazolyl compounds, such as tebuconazole in combination with a silver-containing zeolite.

[0149] Alternatively, the biocide may contain boron-containing materials, such as boric acid anhydride, borax, or disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, which may function as pesticides, fungicides, and / or flame retardants.

[0150] Suitable flame retardants include carbon black, aluminum hydroxide hydrate, silicates such as wollastonite, platinum, and platinum compounds. Alternatively, if flame retardants are used, halogenated flame retardants (e.g., decabromodiphenyl oxide, octabromordiphenyl oxide, hexabromocyclododecane, decabromobiphenyl oxide, diphenyloxybenzene, ethylenebis-tetrabromophthalamide, pentabromoethylbenzene, pentabromobenzyl acrylate, tribromophenylmaleimide, tetrabromobisphenyl A, bis-(tribromophenoxy)ethane, bis- (Pentabromofenoxy)ethane, polydibromophenylene oxide, tribromophenylallyl ether, bis-dibromopropyl ether, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, dibromoneopentyl glycol, dibromoethyldibromocyclohexane, pentabromodiphenyl oxide, tribromostyrene, pentabromochlorocyclohexane, tetrabromoxylen, hexabromocyclododecane, brominated polystyrene, tetradecabromodifenoxybenzene, trifluoropropene, and PVC may be selected. Alternatively, if flame retardants are used, phosphorus-based flame retardants (e.g., (2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate, phosphorus, cyclic phosphate, triaryl phosphate, bis-melaminium pentate, pentaerythritol bicyclic phosphate, dimethylmethyl phosphate, phosphine oxide diol, triphenyl phosphate, tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate), phosphate esters (e.g., tricreyl, trixylenyl, isodecyldiphenyl, ethylhexyldiphenyl) The following can be selected from phosphates of various amines (e.g., ammonium phosphate, trioctyl, tributyl, or tris-butoxyethyl phosphate). Other suitable flame retardants include tetraalkyl lead compounds (e.g., tetraethyl lead), iron pentacarbonyl, methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl, melamine and its derivatives (e.g., melamine salts), guanidine, dicyandiamide, ammonium sulfamate, alumina trihydrate, and magnesium hydroxide and alumina trihydrate.

[0151] Examples of aqueous compositions include any composition that contains water as a component, generally as the main or primary component (e.g., solvent, carrier, or medium). In these embodiments, the aqueous composition further comprises the compounds and / or copolymers of the Disclosure.

[0152] As understood in the art, surfactants are compounds that reduce the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants can function as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants. They can act as detergents, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and defoamers in many practical applications and products, including but not limited to detergents, fabric softeners, emulsions, soaps, paints, adhesives, inks, antifogging agents, ski waxes, snowboard waxes, deinking of recycled paper in flotation, washing and enzymatic processes, and laxatives. Agricultural chemical formulations, such as some herbicides, insecticides, biocides (disinfectants), and spermicides, may also contain one or more surfactants. Personal care products such as cosmetics, shampoos, shower gels, hair conditioners (after shampooing), and toothpaste often contain one or more surfactants.

[0153] In various embodiments, the surfactant composition comprises the compounds and / or copolymers of the Disclosure. In certain embodiments, the surfactant composition further comprises water and / or other vehicles, one or more additives understood in the art, such as one or more conventional surfactants. Those skilled in the art will understand that surfactant compositions may be referred to as wetting compositions, surface tension modifiers, or dispersing compositions. In some applications, there may be subtle nuances regarding differences in the form, function, and / or end use of such compositions.

[0154] In other embodiments, the compound itself and / or the copolymer itself are surfactants. In these embodiments, the compound and / or copolymer may be referred to as a dispersant, wetting agent, or surface tension modifier.

[0155] In various embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of film-forming compositions, which include foaming compositions and substantially non-foaming compositions, aqueous compositions and non-aqueous compositions, and combinations thereof. Specific films are described below. The composition may be curable, partially curable, or not curable. In embodiments where the composition is at least partially curable or curable, the composition can change its form from a liquid to a more viscous liquid, gel, semi-solid, or solid.

[0156] In various embodiments, the composition is useful as an anti-blocking (or anti-blocking) additive (or agent). In these embodiments, the composition can also provide abrasion resistance and a low coefficient of friction (COF). In certain embodiments, the compound itself and / or the copolymer itself are the anti-blocking additive.

[0157] Antiblocking agents are often used in fills or films, for example in polyolefin films, to improve slippage between individual molecules of the antiblocking agent, and antiblocking agents are important components for post-processing transformations (cutting, folding, fusion, etc.) of such films. Blocking is a common problem faced by manufacturers of films and coatings. Blocking is the adhesion between two adjacent layers of a film. This is a problem most relevant to polyethylene and polypropylene films (either blown or cast) and is less severe in extruded coated or laminated products. Blocking of adjacent film layers is caused by the presence of van der Waals forces between amorphous regions of the polymers. These forces increase as the distance between the two layers decreases, thereby increasing blocking when the two layers are pressed together (e.g., bonding finished transformation films to winding rolls or stacks). Another possible reason for blocking is the presence of low molecular weight species (such as oligomers) that tend to migrate to the film surface.

[0158] An effective way to solve these handling problems is to add an anti-blocking additive. The anti-blocking additive present in the resin protrudes microscopically from the film surface. This creates protrusions ("slight ridges") that help minimize surface contact between the films, increasing the distance between the two layers and thereby minimizing blocking.

[0159] Blocking between adjacent layers increases friction, and the addition of anti-blocking agents generally contributes to a reduction in inter-film COF. COF is a measure of the relative difficulty of one surface sliding on an adjacent surface. The greater the resistance to sliding, the higher the COF value (e.g., called a "low-slip" or "no-slip" film, and sometimes a "high-COF" film).

[0160] In various embodiments, the composition is an agricultural composition. At least one of the compounds and copolymers can be used as an additive for the agricultural composition. A wide variety of compositions for promoting agriculture are understood in the art, including those for promoting plant growth, controlling or preventing weeds, and controlling or preventing pests and insects. Whether or not plant growth regulators or genetically modified plants are used, any number of agronomically suitable additives, adjuvants, and / or phytocatalysts, such as fertilizers containing elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, high levels of carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, iron, and manganese; secondary nutrients such as sources of sulfur, calcium, and magnesium; micronutrients such as boron, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, zinc, and nickel; water-soluble carbohydrates such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose; and various alkyl glucosides can be applied to plants to support or promote plant growth.

[0161] In various embodiments, the composition comprises at least one pesticide. The term “pesticide” is understood to include herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, ectoparasite control agents, fungicides, and plant growth regulators. The composition is not limited in this respect.

[0162] Examples of classes of compounds having herbicidal activity include imidazolinones such as imazakine, sulfonylureas such as chlorimuron-ethyl, triazolopyrimidine sulfonamides such as flumetsulam, aryloxyphenoxypropionates such as quizalofop-ethyl, arylureas such as isoproturon and chlorotoluron, triazines such as atrazine and simazine, aryl carboxylic acids such as picloram, aryloxyalkanoic acids such as MCPA, chloroacetanilides such as metazachlor, dinitroanilines such as oryzalin, pyrazoles such as pyrazolate, and diphenyl ethers such as biphenox. Examples of classes of compounds having insecticidal activity include benzoyl ureas such as hexaflumuron, diacyl hydrazines such as tebufenozide, carbamates such as carbofuran, pyrethroids such as cypermethrin, organophosphates such as phosmet, triazoles, and natural products such as spinosyn.

[0163] Examples of classes of compounds having fungicidal activity include morpholines such as dimethomorph, phenylamides such as benalaxyl, azoles such as hexaconazole, strobilurins such as azoxystrobin, phthalonitriles such as chlorothalonil, and phenoxyquinolines such as quinoxyfen.

[0164] Examples of insecticides / acaricides are benthiocarb, diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, lufenuron, difenthiuron, or pyrethroids, for example, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, tau-fluvalinate, resmethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, terbufenpyrad, or tetramethrin; furthermore, pymetrozine, thiocyclam, fenoxycarb, methoprene, abamectin, and emamectin.

[0165] In various embodiments, compounds and / or copolymers can be used for particle treatment, for example, as intermediates for treating the surface of metal oxide particles. The particles can be of various sizes and particle size distributions, including nano-sized and micro-sized particles.

[0166] The metal oxide particles can be any suitable metal oxide particles. Suitable metal oxide particles include, for example, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silica, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, strontium oxide particles, mixtures thereof, and co-oxides thereof.

[0167] The particles may be electrically conductive and / or thermally conductive, or nonconductive. In certain embodiments, particles are classified as electrically conductive fillers, and may be metallic or conductive nonmetallic particles; or metallic or nonmetallic particles having a metallic outer surface, wherein the outer metal is a noble metal such as silver, gold, platinum, palladium, and alloys thereof, or a base metal such as nickel, aluminum, copper, or steel. The particles may also have a metallic outer surface and a core of particles made of copper, solid glass, hollow glass, mica, nickel, ceramic fibers, or polymers such as polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0168] In certain embodiments, the particles are classified as thermally conductive fillers, which may be metal particles, metal oxide particles, thermally conductive nonmetallic powders, or combinations thereof. Thermally conductive fillers may be aluminum, copper, gold, nickel, silver, alumina, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium titanate, diamond, graphite, carbon or silicon nano-sized particles, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, boron carbide, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, and tungsten carbide.

[0169] Examples of inorganic fillers or pigments that can be processed include unhydrated, partially hydrated, or hydrated fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, chromates, carbonates, hydroxides, phosphates, hydrogen phosphates, nitrates, oxides, and sulfates of titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide (also known as ATH), magnesium hydroxide, mica, kaolin, calcium carbonate, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and barium; zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, antimony pentoxide, antimony trioxide, beryllium oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, lithopone, boric acid or borates, e.g., zinc borate, barium metaborate or aluminum borate; mixed metal oxides, e.g., aluminosilicates; vermiculite, fumed silica, fused silica, precipitated silica, and quartz. Examples include sand and silica such as silica gel; metals such as rice husk ash, ceramic and glass beads, zeolite, aluminum flakes or powders, bronze powder, copper, gold, molybdenum, nickel, silver powder or flakes, stainless steel powder, tungsten, hydrated calcium silicate, barium titanate, silica-carbon black composites, functionalized carbon nanotubes, cement, fly ash, slate powder, ceramic or glass beads, bentonite, clay, talc, anthracite, apatite, attapulgite, boron nitride, cristobalite, diatomaceous earth, dolomite, ferrite, feldspar, graphite, calcined kaolin, molybdenum disulfide, perlite, pumice, pyrophyllite, sepiolite, zinc stannate, zinc sulfide, or wollastonite.

[0170] Other fillers that can be processed include natural fibers, such as wood flour, wood fibers, cotton fibers, or agricultural fibers, such as straw, hemp, flax, kenaf, kapok, jute, ramie, sisal, heneken, corn fibers, or coir, nut husks, or rice husks, lignin, starch, or cellulose and cellulose-containing products, or certain synthetic fibers, such as aramid fibers, nylon fibers, cotton fibers, or glass fibers, or plastic microspheres of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene, and the present invention includes processing such fillers. The fillers may also be solid organic pigments, such as azo, indigoid, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone, hydroquinone, or xanthine dyes, or solid organic flame retardants, such as polychlorobiphenyl or decabromodiphenyl oxide, or phosphorus-containing flame retardants.

[0171] In various embodiments, compounds and / or copolymers can be used to modify siloxanes or compositions comprising at least one siloxane. Modification may be direct or indirect, such as by introducing the compound into a state where it can react with the siloxane. Further embodiments of the compositions are described below.

[0172] The composition may contain one or more optional fillers. The fillers may be one or more reinforcing fillers, non-reinforcing fillers, or mixtures thereof. Examples of micronizing reinforcing fillers include fumed silica and precipitated silica with a large surface area, such as rice husk ash, and some calcium carbonate. Examples of micronizing non-reinforcing fillers include crushed quartz, diatomaceous earth, barium sulfate, iron oxide, titanium dioxide and carbon black, talc, and wollastonite. Other fillers that may be used alone or in combination with the above fillers include carbon nanotubes, e.g., multi-walled carbon nanotube aluminite, hollow glass spheres, calcium sulfate (anhydrous gypsum), gypsum, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide (talc), clay, graphite, copper carbonate, e.g., malachite, nickel carbonate, e.g., zarachite, barium carbonate, e.g., basilite, and / or strontium carbonate, e.g., strontiumite. Further alternative fillers include silicates from the group consisting of aluminum oxides, olivine, garnet; aluminosilicates; cyclic silicates; linear silicates; and layered silicates. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises at least one filler, including hollow particles, such as hollow spheres. Such fillers may be useful in contributing to the porosity and / or overall void ratio of the foam. In certain embodiments, several fillers can be used to adjust the thixotropic properties of the composition.

[0173] The filler, if present, may optionally be surface-treated with a treatment agent. Treatment agents and treatment methods are well understood in the art. Surface treatment of the filler is typically carried out, for example, with fatty acids or fatty acid esters such as stearic acid, or with organosilanes, organosiloxanes, or organosilazanes, such as hexaalkyldisilazanes or short-chain siloxane diols. Generally, surface treatment makes the filler hydrophobic, thus facilitating the handling and acquisition of a homogeneous mixture with other components in the composition. 5 e Si(OR 6 )4-e [In the formula, R 5 R is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as alkyl groups such as hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl, and aralkyl groups such as benzyl and phenylethyl. 6 Silanes such as alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, where the subscript "e" is 1, 2, or 3, can also be used as filler treatment agents. In certain embodiments, at least one of the compounds and copolymers can be used as such treatment agents in combination with one or more conventional treatment agents of any choice.

[0174] In various embodiments, the compositions further include reaction inhibitors. For example, alkyne alcohols such as 2-methyl-3-butyne-2-ol, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyne-3-ol, or 2-phenyl-3-butyne-2-ol; en-yne compounds such as 3-methyl-3-penten-1-yne, 3,5-dimethyl-3-hexen-1-yne; or 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetrahexenylcyclotetrasiloxane, or benzotriazole may be incorporated into the composition as optional components.

[0175] In various embodiments, the composition further comprises a thixotropic agent. Suitable thixotropic agents include rheological agents, specific examples of which can be found in U.S. Patent Publications 2018 / 0066115(A1) and 2018 / 0208797(A1).

[0176] In various embodiments, the composition further comprises an adhesion promoter. The adhesion promoter can improve the adhesion of the foam to a substrate material in contact with it during curing, such as a second surface 36. In certain embodiments, the adhesion promoter is selected from organosilicon compounds having at least one alkoxy group bonded to a silicon atom in the molecule. This alkoxy group is exemplified by a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, and a methoxyethoxy group. Furthermore, the non-alkoxy groups bonded to the silicon atoms of this organosilicon compound are exemplified by, for example, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, and halogenated alkyl groups; epoxy group-containing monovalent organic groups such as 3-glycidoxypropyl group, 4-glycidoxybutyl group, or similar glycidoxyalkyl groups; 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl group, 3-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)propyl group, or similar epoxycyclohexylalkyl groups; and 4-oxyranylbutyl group, 8-oxyranyloctyl group, or similar oxyranylalkyl groups; acrylic group-containing monovalent organic groups such as 3-methacryloxypropyl group; and hydrogen atoms.

[0177] These organosilicon compounds generally have silicon-bonded alkenyl groups or silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms. Furthermore, due to their ability to impart good adhesion to various types of substrates, these organosilicon compounds generally have at least one epoxy-containing monovalent organic group in their molecule. Examples of this type of organosilicon compounds include organosilane compounds, organosiloxane oligomers, and alkyl silicates. The molecular structures of organosiloxane oligomers or alkyl silicates are exemplified by linear structures, partially branched linear structures, branched chain structures, cyclic structures, and network structures. Linear, branched, and network structures are typical. Examples of this type of organosilicon compound include silane compounds, such as 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; siloxane compounds having at least one silicon-bonded alkenyl group or silicon-bonded hydrogen atom and at least one silicon-bonded alkoxy group in the molecule; mixtures of silane or siloxane compounds having at least one silicon-bonded alkoxy group in the molecule and siloxane compounds having at least one silicon-bonded hydroxyl group and at least one silicon-bonded alkenyl group; and methyl polysilicate, ethyl polysilicate, and epoxy-group-containing ethyl polysilicate.

[0178] In various embodiments, the composition includes at least one leavening agent. When used, the leavening agent can be selected from the group consisting of chemical leavening agents, physical leavening agents, and combinations thereof. The amount of leavening agent used may vary depending on the desired result. For example, the amount of leavening agent can be varied to adjust the final foam density and foam generation profile.

[0179] The composition may include a carrier vehicle (or diluent) containing both linear and cyclic silicones, organic oils, organic solvents, and mixtures thereof. Specific examples of solvents can be found in U.S. Patent No. 6,200,581. The carrier vehicle may also be rated at 25°C for 1 to 1,000 mm 2Low viscosity organopolysiloxanes or volatile methylsiloxanes or volatile ethylsiloxanes or volatile methylethylsiloxanes having a viscosity in the range of / second, for example, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, dodecamethylpentasiloxane, tetradecamethylhexasiloxane, hexade This may include exadeamethylheptasiloxane, heptamethyl-3-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]trisiloxane, hexamethyl-3,3,bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]trisiloxane, pentamethyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]cyclotrisiloxane, as well as polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylsiloxane, polymethylethylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, polydiphenylsiloxane, caprylyl methicone, and any mixture thereof.

[0180] In some embodiments, the composition includes one or more additional components, such as rheological modifiers, polar organic solvents, thickeners, inorganic salts (e.g., calcium chloride), personal care active ingredients / components, fragrances, or combinations thereof. Typically, one or more additional components are selected based on the desired use of the composition. For example, in some embodiments, the composition is formulated for use as a personal care composition and further includes personal care ingredients. Specific personal care ingredients, or mixtures of specific personal care ingredients, may be selected based on the type of personal care composition and incorporated directly into the composition. In these embodiments, the personal care ingredients may be liquids, solids, encapsulated liquids, etc. Various examples of personal care ingredients are described below. Any of these personal care ingredients, or combinations of two or more different personal care ingredients, can be used as a personal care ingredient. For clarity and consistency, “personal care ingredient” encompasses embodiments in which the composition includes one or more personal care ingredients.

[0181] In specific embodiments, the personal care ingredient is an antiperspirant and / or deodorant (AP / DEO). In these embodiments, the composition may be referred to as an antiperspirant and / or deodorant (AP / DEO) composition. Examples of antiperspirants and deodorants include aluminum chloride, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate glyceride, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate PEG, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate PG, aluminum chlorohydrate PEG, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum chlorohydrate PG, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrate glyceride, hexachlorophene, benzalkonium chloride, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate, sodium bicarbonate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate PEG, chlorophyllin-copper complex, triclosan, aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrate, zinc ricinoleate, and mixtures thereof.

[0182] In certain embodiments, personal care ingredients include skincare ingredients. When used in the preparation of a composition, skincare ingredients are typically selected from aqueous phase stabilizers, cosmetic biocides, conditioning agents (which may include silicones, cationic conditioning agents, hydrophobic conditioning agents, etc.), emollients, moisturizers, colorants, dyes, ultraviolet (UV) absorbers, sunscreens, antioxidants, fragrances, antimicrobial agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, antiaging actives, acne inhibitors, whitening agents, pigments, preservatives, pH adjusters, electrolytes, chelating agents, plant extracts, botanical extracts, sebum absorbers, sebum control agents, vitamins, waxes, surfactants, detergents, emulsifiers, thickeners, propellant gases, skin protectants, film-forming polymers, light scattering agents, and combinations thereof. In some of these embodiments, the compositions may be referred to as skincare compositions, cosmetic compositions, sunscreens, shower gels, soaps, hydrogels, creams, lotions, balms, foundations, lipsticks, eyeliners, cuticle coats, blushes, etc., based on the specific personal care ingredients used. Various types of such skincare ingredients, along with similar and alternative types known to those skilled in the art, are described below.

[0183] Examples of skin emollients include volatile or non-volatile silicone oils; silicone resins such as polypropylsilsesquioxane and phenyl trimethicone; silicone elastomers such as dimethicone crosspolymer; C 30~45 Alkylmethylsiloxanes such as alkylmethicone, squalene, paraffin oil, petrolatum oil, and naphthalene oil, and other volatile or non-volatile hydrocarbon compounds; hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated polyisobutene; isoeicosane; squalane; isoparaffin; isododecane; isodecane or isohexadecane; branched C8-C 16Examples include ester oils such as esters, isohexyl neopentanoates; isononyl isononanoates, cetostearyl octanoates, isopropyl myristates, palmitic acid derivatives (e.g., dextrin palmitate), stearic acid derivatives, diisostearyl malate, isostearyl isostearate, and heptanoates, octanoates, decanoates, or ricinolates of alcohols or polyalcohols, or mixtures thereof; hydrocarbon oils derived from plants such as wheat germ, sunflower, grape seed, castor bean, shea, avocado, olive, soybean, sweet almond, palm, rapeseed, cottonseed, hazelnut, macadamia, jojoba, blackcurrant, evening primrose; or caprylic / capric acid triglycerides; higher fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid; and mixtures thereof.

[0184] Examples of waxes include beeswax, lanolin wax, rice wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin, ozokerite, polyethylene wax, synthetic waxes, ceresin, lanolin, lanolin derivatives, cocoa butter, shellac wax, rice bran wax, kapok wax, sugarcane wax, montan wax, whale wax, bayberry wax, and silicone waxes (e.g., polymethylsiloxane alkyl, alkoxy, and / or esters, C 30~45 Examples include hydrocarbon waxes such as alkyldimethylsilylpolypropylsilsesquioxane, stearyldimethicone, alkylmethylsiloxanes containing long-chain alkyl groups in alkylmethylsiloxy units, and mixtures thereof.

[0185] Examples of humectants include low molecular weight aliphatic diols such as propylene glycol and butylene glycol; polyols such as glycerin and sorbitol; polyoxyethylene polymers such as polyethylene glycol 200; hyaluronic acid and its derivatives; and mixtures thereof.

[0186] Examples of thickeners include acrylamide copolymers, acrylate copolymers and their salts (such as sodium polyacrylate), xanthan gum and its derivatives, cellulose gum and cellulose derivatives (such as methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and polypropylhydroxyethylcellulose), starch and starch derivatives (such as hydroxyethylamylose and starch amylase), polyoxyethylene, carbomer, alginate (such as sodium alginate), gum arabic, cassia gum, carob gum, scleroglucan gum, gellan gum, and ransom gum (rhamsan gum). Examples include gum, karaya gum, carrageenan gum, guar gum and guar gum derivatives, cocamide derivatives (including cocamidopropyl betaine and cocamide MIPA), alkyl alcohols (cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and other fatty alcohols, etc.), gelatin, PEG derivatives, sugars (e.g., fructose, glucose, etc.) and sugar derivatives (PEG-120 methyl glucose diolate, etc.), and mixtures thereof.

[0187] Examples of aqueous phase stabilizers include electrolytes (e.g., alkali metal salts and alkaline earth salts, particularly sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium chlorides, borates, citrates, and sulfates, as well as aluminum chlorohydrate, and polymer electrolytes, particularly hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate), polyols (glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, and sorbitol), alcohols (such as ethyl alcohol), hydrocolloids, and mixtures thereof.

[0188] Examples of pH adjusters include any water-soluble acid (e.g., carboxylic acid), mineral acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid), monocarboxylic acid (e.g., acetic acid and lactic acid), and polycarboxylic acid (e.g., succinic acid, adipic acid, and citric acid), as well as mixtures thereof.

[0189] Examples of preservatives and biocides for cosmetics include paraben derivatives (e.g., methylparaben, propylparaben), hydantoin derivatives, chlorohexidine and its derivatives, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, phenoxyethanol, silver derivatives, salicylate derivatives, triclosan, cyclopirox olamine, hexamidine, oxyquinoline and its derivatives, PVP-iodine, zinc salts and derivatives (such as zinc pyrithione), methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, and mixtures thereof.

[0190] Examples of sebum absorbers or sebum modifiers include silica silylate, silica dimethyl silylate, dimethicone / vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, polymethyl methacrylate, cross-linked methyl methacrylate, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, and mixtures thereof.

[0191] Examples of pigments and colorants include surface-treated or untreated iron oxide, surface-treated or untreated titanium dioxide, surface-treated or untreated mica, silver oxide, silicates, chromium oxide, carotenoids, carbon black, ultramarine, chlorophyllin derivatives, and yellow ochre. Examples of organic pigments include aromatic types containing azo, indigoid, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone, and xanthine dyes, as specified as D&C and FD&C blue, brown, green, orange, red, yellow, etc., and mixtures thereof. Surface treatments include treatments based on lecithin, silicone, silane, fluoro compounds, and mixtures thereof.

[0192] Examples of silicone conditioning agents include silicone oils such as dimethicone; silicone gums such as dimethiconol; silicone resins such as trimethylsiloxysilicate and polypropylsilsesquioxane; silicone elastomers; alkylmethylsiloxanes; organically modified silicone oils such as amodimethicone, aminopropylphenyltrimethicone, phenyltrimethicone, trimethylpentaphenyltrisiloxane, silicone quaternium-16 / glycidoxydimethicone crosspolymer, and silicone quaternium-16; sugar-functional siloxanes; carbinol-functional siloxanes; silicone polyethers; siloxane copolymers (divinyldimethicone / dimethicone copolymer), acrylates or acrylic-functional siloxanes, and mixtures or emulsions thereof.

[0193] Examples of cationic conditioning agents include guar derivatives such as hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium derivatives of guar gum; cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch derivatives; quaternary nitrogen derivatives of cellulose ethers; homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid containing cationic nitrogen functional groups bonded to the polymer by ester or amide bonds; polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethylcellulose reacted with aliphatic alkyldimethylammonium substituted epoxides, polycondensation products of N,N'-bis-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-piperazine or piperazine-bis-acrylamide and piperazine, and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and acrylic acid esters having quaternary nitrogen functional groups. Specific examples include various polyquats, such as polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-8, polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium-11, and polyquaternium-23. Other types of conditioners include cationic surfactants, such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and steryltrimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof. In some cases, cationic conditioning agents are also hydrophobically modified, such as hydrophobically modified quaternary hydroxyethylcellulose polymers, cationic hydrophobically modified galactomannan ethers, and mixtures thereof.

[0194] Examples of hydrophobic conditioning agents include guar derivatives, galactomannan gum derivatives, cellulose derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

[0195] Examples of UV absorbers and sunscreens include those that absorb ultraviolet rays in the 290-320 nanometer range (UV-B region) and those that absorb ultraviolet rays in the 320-400 nanometer range (UV-A region).

[0196] Some examples of sunscreens include aminobenzoic acid, cinoxate, diethanolamine methoxycinnamate, digalloyl trioleate, dioxybenzone, ethyl 4-[bis(hydroxypropyl)]aminobenzoate, glycerylaminobenzoate, homosalate, lawsone with dihydroxyacetone, menthyl anthranylate, octocrylene, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (or octyl methoxycinnamate), octyl salicylate (or ethylhexyl salicylate), oxybenzone, paradimate O, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, red petrolatum, sulisobenzone, titanium dioxide, trolamine salicylate, and mixtures thereof.

[0197] Some examples of UV absorbers include acetaminosolol, allantoin PABA, benzalphthalide, benzophenone, benzophenone 1-12,3-benzylidene camphor, benzylidene camphor hydrolyzed collagen sulfonamide, benzylidene camphor sulfonic acid, benzyl salicylate, bornelone, bumetriozole, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, butyl PABA, ceria / silica, ceria / silica talc, cinoxate, and DEA-methoxycinnamate. Dibenzoxazole naphthalene, di-t-butylhydroxybenzylidene camphor, digalloyl trioleate, diisopropyl methyl cinnamate, dimethyl PABA ethylcetearyl diimonium tosylate, dioctyl butamide triazone, diphenylcarbomethoxyacetoxynaphthopyrane, bisethylphenyltriaminotriazine (tiamminotriazine) stilbend disulfonate disodium, distyryl biphenyltriaminotriazine stilbend disulfonate disodium, distyryl biphenyl disulfone Disodium acid, drometrizole, drometrizole trisiloxane, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, ethyl diisopropyl cinnamate, ethyl methoxycinnamate, ethyl PABA, ethyl urocanate, etrocrylene ferulic acid, glyceryl octanoate dimethoxycinnamate, glyceryl PABA, glycol salicylate, homosalate, isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, isopropyl benzyl salicylate, isopropyl dibenzoyl methane, isopropyl methoxycinnamate, octyl methoxycinnamate, Menthyl anthranilate, menthyl salicylate, 4-methylbenzylidene, camphor, octocrylene, octrizole, octyldimethyl PABA, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, octyl salicylate, octyl triazone, PABA, PEG-25 PABA, pentyldimethyl PABA, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, polyacrylamide methylbenzylidene camphor, potassium methoxycinnamate, potassium phenylbenzimidazole sulfonate, red petrolatum, sodium phenylbenzimidazole sulfonate,The compounds are sodium urocanate, TEA-phenylbenzimidazole sulfonate, TEA-salicylate, terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, titanium dioxide, tri-PABA panthenol, urocanic acid, VA / crotonate / methacryloxybenzophenone-1 copolymer, and mixtures thereof.

[0198] Examples of skin protectants include allantoin, aluminum acetate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, calamine, cocoa butter, cod liver oil, colloidal oatmeal, dimethicone, glycerin, kaolin, lanolin, mineral oil, petrolatum, shark liver oil, sodium bicarbonate, talc, witch hazel, zinc acetate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, and mixtures thereof.

[0199] Examples of dyes include 1-acetoxy-2-methylnaphthalene, acid dyes, 5-amino-4-chloro-o-cresol, 5-amino-2,6-dimethoxy-3-hydroxypyridine, 3-amino-2,6-dimethylphenol, 2-amino-5-ethylphenol HCl, 5-amino-4-fluoro-2-methylphenol sulfate, 2-amino-4-hydroxyethylaminoanisole, 2-amino-4-hydroxyethylaminoanisole sulfate, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, and 4-amino-2-nitrophenol. , 4-amino-3-nitrophenol, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol sulfate, m-aminophenol HCl, p-aminophenol HCl, m-aminophenol, o-aminophenol, 4,6-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-m-phenylenediamine HCl, 2,6-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3,5-pyridinediamine HCl, 2-chloro-6-ethylamino-4-nitrophenol, 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-hydroxyethyl p-phenylenediamine, 2-chloro-p-phenylenediamine, 3,4-Diaminobenzoic acid, 4,5-Diamino-1-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-1H-pyrazole sulfate, 2,3-Diaminodihydropyrazolopyrazolone dimethosulfonate, 2,6-Diaminopyridine, 2,6-Diamino-3-((pyridine-3-yl)azo)pyridine, Dihydroxyindole, Dihydroxyindoline, N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,6-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, Direct dye, 4-Ethoxy-m- Phenylenediamine sulfate, 3-ethylamino-p-cresol sulfate, N-ethyl-3-nitro PABA, gluconamidopropylaminopropyl dimethicone, hematoxylon brasilette wood extract, HC dye, Lawsonia inermis (henna) extract, hydroxyethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyaniline HCl, hydroxyethyl-2-nitro-p-toluidine, hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 2-hydroxyethyl picramic acid, hydroxypyridinone, hydroxysuccinimidyl C 21 ~C 22Isoalkyl acidate, isatin, Insatis tinctoria leaf powder, 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 2-methoxy-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 6-methoxy-2,3-pyridinediamine HCl, 4-methylbenzyl 4,5-diaminopyrazole sulfate, 2,2'-methylenebis-4-aminophenol, 2,2'-methylenebis-4-aminophenol HCl, 3,4-methylenedioxyaniline, 2-methylresorcinol, methylrosanilinium chloride, 1,5-naphthalenediol, 1,7-naphthalenediol, 3-nitro-p-cresol, 2-nitro-5-glycerylmethylaniline, 4-nitroguaiacol, 3-nitro-p-hydroxy Ethylaminophenol, 2-nitro-N-hydroxyethyl-p-anisidine, nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenylaminoethylurea, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine HCl, 4-nitro-m-phenylenediamine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, 4-nitro-m-phenylenediamine sulfate, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine sulfate, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 6-nitro-2,5-pyridinediamine, 6-nitro-o-toluidine, PEG-3 Examples include 2,2'-di-p-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine HCl, p-phenylenediamine sulfate, phenylmethylpyrazolone, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine HCl, pigment blue 15:1, pigment violet 23, pigment yellow 13, pyrocatechol, pyrogallol, resorcinol, sodium picramate, sodium sulfanilate, solvent yellow 85, solvent yellow 172, tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate, tetrabromophenol blue, 2,5,6-triamino-4-pyrimidinol sulfate, and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene.

[0200] Examples of fragrances include fragrance ketones and fragrance aldehydes. Examples of fragrance ketones include buccoxime, isojasmone, methyl beta-naphthyl ketone, musk indanone, tonalide / musk plus, α-damascone, beta-damascone, delta-damascone, iso-damascone, damascenone, damarose, methyl dihydrojasmonate, menthone, carvone, camphor, fencone, α-ionone, beta-ionone, gamma-methyl, so-called ionone, fleuramone, dihydrojasmone, cis-jasmone, and iso-E-super. , methyl-cedrenyl-ketone or methyl-cedrillone, acetophenone, methyl-acetophenone, para-methoxy-acetophenone, methyl-beta-naphthyl-ketone, benzyl-acetone, benzophenone, para-hydroxyphenyl-butanone, celeriacone or livescone, 6-isopropyldecahydro-2-naphthone, dimethyloctenone, Freskomenthe, 4-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl- Cyclohexanone, methylheptenone, 2-(2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl)-cyclopentanone, 1-(p-menthen-6(2)-yl)-1-propanone, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone, 2-acetyl-3,3-dimethyl-norbornene, 6,7-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4(5H)-indanone, 4-damascol, dulcinyl or Cassione, Gerson ( These include Gelsone, Hexylon, Isocyclemone E, Methylcyclocitron, Methyl-lavender-ketone, Olivon, Para-tertiary-butyl-cyclohexanone, Verdon, Delphone, Muscone, Neobutenone, Plicatone, Veloutone, 2,4,4,7-tetramethyl-octa-6-en-3-one, and Tetrameran.Fragrances can be derived from or extracted from plant flowers, seeds, leaves, and / or roots, seaweed, etc. Fragrances can be extracted from animals, for example, from glands, and may be musk or sperm whale oil. Fragrances may also be artificially synthesized, for example, menthol, acetate, vanilla, etc.

[0201] In specific embodiments, the fragrance ketone is selected from α-damascone, δ-damascone, isodamascone, carvone, γ-methylionone, Iso-E-Super, 2,4,4,7-tetramethylocta-6-en-3-one, benzylacetone, β-damascone, damascenone, methyldihydrojasmonate, methyl cedrylone, and mixtures thereof, based on their odor properties.

[0202] In specific embodiments, the fragrance aldehydes include adoxal, anisaldehyde, saimal, ethyl vanillin, florhydral, helional, heliotropin, hydroxycitronellal, koavone, laurinaldehyde, lyral, methylnonylacetaldehyde, PT-bucinal, phenylacetaldehyde, undecylenaldehyde, vanillin, 2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenal, 3-dodecene-1-al, α-n-amyl cinnamic aldehyde, and 4-methoxybe Benzaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-propanal, 2-methyl-3-(para-methoxyphenylpropanal, 2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2(1)-cyclohexen-1-yl)butanal, 3-phenyl-2-propenal, cis- / trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1-ar, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ar, [(3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl)oxy]acetaldehyde, 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde, 1,2,3, 4,5,6,7,8-Octahydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-naphthaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxyaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-(isopropylphenyl)propanal, 1-decanal, decylaldehyde, 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, 4-(tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]-decylidene-8)-butanal, octahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indenecarboxyaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, para-ethyl-α,α-dimethylhydr Rosinnamaldehyde, α-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-hydrocinnamaldehyde, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde, α-n-hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, m-cymene-7-carboxyaldehyde, α-methylphenylacetaldehyde, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal, undecenal, 2,4,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxyaldehyde, 4-(3)(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-cyclohexene-carboxyaldehyde, 1-dodecanal, 2,4-Dimethylcyclohexene-3-carboxyaldehyde, 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxyaldehyde, 7-Methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctane-1-R, 2-methylundecanal, 2-methyldecanal, 1-nonanal, 1-octanal, 2,6,10-trimethyl-5,9-undecadienal, 2-methyl-3-(4-tertbutyl)propanal, dihydrocinnamicaldehyde, 1-methyl-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxyaldehyde, 5 or 6-methoxy-10-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-1 or 2-carboxyaldehyde, 3,7-dimethyloctane-1-R, 1-undecadienal, 10-undecadienal N-1-R,4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 1-methyl-3-(4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclhexene carboxaldehyde, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octanal, trans-4-decenal, 2,6-nonadienal, paratolylacetaldehyde, 4-methylphenylacetaldehyde, 2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-butenal, ortho-methoxycinnamicaldehyde, 3,5,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, 3,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-octenal, phenoxyacetaldehyde, 5,9-dimethyl-4,8-decadienal, peony aldehyde aldehyde)(6,10-dimethyl-3-oxa-5,9-undecadien-1-R), hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-1-carboxyaldehyde, 2-methyloctanal, α-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetaldehyde, 6,6-dimethyl-2-norpinene-2-propionaldehyde, paramethylphenoxyacetaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propene-1-R, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanal, hexahydro-8,From 8-dimethyl-2-naphthaldehyde, 3-propyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]-hepta-5-ene-2-carboaldehyde, 9-decenal, 3-methyl-5-phenyl-1-pentanal, methylnonylacetaldehyde, hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, 1-p-menthen-q-carboxyaldehyde, and mixtures thereof, selected for their odor properties.

[0203] Examples of antioxidants include acetylcysteine, arbutin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ascorbic acid dipalmitate, ascorbic acid methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbic acid palmitate, ascorbic acid stearate, BHA, p-hydroxyanisole, BHT, t-butylhydroquinone, caffeic acid, tea oil, chitosan ascorbate, chitosan glycolate, chitosan salicylate, chlorogenic acid, cysteine, cysteine ​​HCl, and decyl mercury. Putomethylimidazole, erythorbic acid, diamylhydroquinone, di-t-butylhydroquinone, dicetylthiodipropionate, dicyclopentadiene / t-butylcresol copolymer, digalloyl trioleate, dilaurylthiodipropionate, dimyristylthiodipropionate, dioleyltocopherylmethylsilanol, isoquercitrin, diosmin, disodium ascorbate sulfate, disodium rutinyl disulfate, distearylthiodipropionate, ditridecyl Luthiodipropionate, dodecyl gallate, ethyl ferlate, ferulic acid, hydroquinone, hydroxylamine HCl, hydroxylamine sulfate, isooctyl thioglycolate, kojic acid, madecassicoside, magnesium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate phosphate, melatonin, methoxy-PEG-7 rutinyl succinate, methylenedi-t-butyl cresol, methylsilanol ascorbate, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, octyl gallate, phenylthioglycolic acid, phloroglucinol, potassium tocopheryl ascorbate phosphate, thiodiglycolamide, potassium sulfite, propyl gallate, rosmarinic acid, rutin, sodium ascorbate, sodium ascorbate / cholesteryl phosphate, sodium bisulfite, sodium erythorbate, sodium metadisulfide, sodium sulfite, sodium thioglycolate, sorbityl furfural, tea tree (Melaleuca)The substances include aftemifolia oil, tocopheryl acetate, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, tetrahydrodiferuloylmethane, tocopheryl linoleate / oleate, thiodiglycol, tocopheryl succinate, thiodiglycolic acid, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, thiosalicylic acid, thiotaurine, retinol, tocophereth-5, tocophereth-10, tocophereth-12, tocophereth-18, tocophereth-50, tocopherol, tocophersolan, tocopheryl linoleate, tocopheryl nicotinate, tocoquinone, o-tolylbiguanide, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, ubiquinone, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, and mixtures thereof.

[0204] Examples of propellant gases include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, volatile hydrocarbons (such as butane, isobutane, or propane), as well as chlorinated or fluorinated hydrocarbons such as dichlorodifluoromethane and dichlorotetrafluoroethane, or dimethyl ether, and mixtures thereof.

[0205] In specific embodiments, the composition is a sunscreen. In these embodiments, the personal care ingredient includes this sunscreen. The sunscreen may be, for example, a sunscreen additive, an SPF booster, a light stabilizer, a film-forming polymer, etc. The sunscreen may also be used in sunless tanning applications, either further or alternatively. Specific examples of sunscreens are those described above.

[0206] In other embodiments, personal care ingredients include hair care ingredients. In these embodiments, the composition may also be referred to as a hair care composition. When used in the preparation of a composition, hair care ingredients are typically selected from conditioning agents (which may be silicones, cationic conditioning agents, hydrophobic conditioning agents, etc.), colorants, dyes, ultraviolet (UV) absorbers, preservatives, plant extracts, fatty alcohols, vitamins, fragrances, anti-dandruff agents, color care additives, pearlising agents, pH adjusters, electrolytes, chelating agents, styling agents, ceramides, amino acid derivatives, suspending agents, surfactants, detergents, emulsifiers, thickeners, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, film-forming polymers, and combinations thereof. In some of these hair care embodiments, the composition may also be referred to as a shampoo, rinse-off conditioner, leave-in conditioner, gel, pomade, serum, spray, coloring product, or mascara. Many examples of these hair care ingredients are listed above as preferred personal care ingredients.

[0207] Examples of oxidizing agents include ammonium persulfate, calcium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, magnesium peroxide, melamine peroxide, potassium bromate, potassium caroate, potassium chlorate, potassium persulfate, sodium bromate, sodium carbonate peroxide, sodium chlorate, sodium iodate, sodium perborate, sodium persulfate, strontium dioxide, strontium peroxide, urea peroxide, zinc peroxide, and mixtures thereof.

[0208] Examples of reducing agents include ammonium bisulfite, ammonium sulfite, ammonium thioglycolate, ammonium thiolactate, cystemaine HCl, cysteine, cysteine ​​HCl, ethanolamine thioglycolate, glutathione, glyceryl thioglycolate, glyceryl thiopropionate, hydroquinone, p-hydroxyanisole, isooctyl thioglycolate, magnesium thioglycolate, mercaptopropionic acid, potassium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium thioglycolate, sodium bisulfite, sodium hyposulfite, sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium thioglycolate, strontium thioglycolate, superoxide dismutase, thioglycerin, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, thiosalicylic acid, zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and mixtures thereof.

[0209] Examples of anti-dandruff agents include pyridinethione salts, selenium compounds (e.g., selenium disulfide), soluble anti-dandruff agents, and mixtures thereof.

[0210] In other embodiments, the personal care component includes a nail care component. In these embodiments, the composition may also be referred to as a nail care composition. When used in the preparation of a composition, the nail care component may be any component used in a nail care composition, such as nail polish, nail gel, nail tips, or acrylic finish. Examples of such nail care components include pigments, resins, solvents, and volatile halogen compounds (e.g., methoxynononafluorobutane and / or ethoxynononafluorobutane).

[0211] More specifically, examples of nail care ingredients include butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitrocellulose, tributyl acetyl citrate, isopropyl alcohol, adipic acid / neopentyl glycol / trimellitic anhydride copolymer, stearalkonium bentonite, acrylate copolymer, calcium pantothenate, Cetraria islandica extract, Chondrus scribbles, styrene / acrylate copolymer, trimethylpentanediyldibenzoate-1, polyvinyl butyral, N-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, mica, silica, tin oxide, calcium borosilicate, synthetic fluorphlogopite, polyethylene terephthalate, sorbitan laurate derivatives, talc, jojoba extract, diamond powder, isobutylphenoxy epoxy resin, silk powder, and mixtures thereof.

[0212] In other embodiments, the personal care component includes a dental care component. In these embodiments, the composition may also be referred to as a dental care composition. One specific example of such a dental care composition is toothpaste. Another example of a dental care composition is a teeth whitening composition. The dental care component may be any dental care component suitable for a dental care composition, such as abrasive compounds (e.g., aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, silica, zeolite), fluoride compounds, surfactants, flavoring agents, remineralizing agents, antibacterial agents, etc.

[0213] In certain embodiments, the personal care component includes a film-forming polymer that can be used as a personal care component whether the composition is used for skin care or hair care, etc. As used herein, “film-forming polymer” means a polymer or oligomer capable of forming a film on a substrate, either by itself or optionally in the presence of a film-forming agent. The film-forming polymer may form a film upon application of curing conditions, such as heating or exposure to ambient conditions. Alternatively, the film-forming polymer may form a film upon evaporation of any carrier vehicle to which the film-forming polymer can be optionally treated. The film-forming polymer may be subjected to a reaction, for example, in which the film-forming polymer may be crosslinked or otherwise involve further bonding, in order to form a film. However, without such a reaction, the film-forming polymer may form a film. The film-forming polymer may be a gelling agent. While the film-forming polymer is particularly advantageous when the composition is a sunscreen, the personal care component may similarly contain film-forming polymers in other compositions as well.

[0214] The substrate on which the film is formed may be any substrate, but as will be described in detail below regarding the treatment method, the substrate is generally a part of a mammal, especially a human. Specific examples of suitable substrates include skin, hair, and nails.

[0215] Generally, the film is continuous, but it can have varying thicknesses. "Continuous" means that the film does not define any openings. The film may be described as continuous to the naked eye. The film may be supported by a substrate, or it may be bonded to the substrate, for example, physically and / or chemically. In certain embodiments, the film is optionally removable from the substrate; for example, the film may be peelable from the substrate. The film may remain a self-supporting film without damage when separated from the substrate, or it may be separated by shearing, which may impair and / or destroy the continuity of the film.

[0216] Specific examples of suitable film-forming polymers include acrylic polymers, silicone resins (e.g., polypropylsilsesquioxane), polyurethanes, polyurethane-acrylics, polyesters, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethanes, polyesteramides, alkyds, polyamides, polyureas, polyureas-polyurethanes, cellulosine polymers (e.g., nitrocellulose), silicones, acrylic-silicones, polyacrylamides, fluoropolymers, polyisoprene, and any copolymers or terpolymers thereof, or those containing one of these. When used herein for suitable film-forming polymers, the term "silicone" includes linear, branched, and resin silicones, although resin silicones are generally referred to as silicone resins rather than polymers. Silicones may be modified; for example, a silicone-grafted acrylic polymer may be used.

[0217] As described above, the film-forming polymer may be placed in a carrier vehicle that can partially or completely dissolve the film-forming polymer. Depending on the choice of film-forming polymer, the carrier vehicle may be, for example, oil, such as organic oil and / or silicone oil, solvent, water, etc. The film-forming polymer may optionally be in the form of polymer particles whose surfaces are stabilized by at least one stabilizer, and the polymer particles may exist as a dispersion or emulsion.

[0218] The film-forming polymer may be a block polymer that does not contain styrene. Typically, the block polymer comprises at least one first block and at least one second block, which may be linked together by an intermediate block comprising at least one constituent monomer of the first block and at least one constituent monomer of the second block. Generally, the glass transition temperatures of the first and second blocks are different from each other.

[0219] Examples of monomers that can be used to prepare block polymers include methyl methacrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate and isobornyl (meth)acrylate, methyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, cyclodecyl acrylate, neopentyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylamide 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and mixtures thereof.

[0220] In specific embodiments, film-forming polymers may be obtained or produced via free radical polymerization. For example, film-forming polymers can be produced by free radical polymerization of at least one acrylic monomer and at least one silicone or hydrocarbon macromonomer containing polymerizable end groups.

[0221] Specific examples of hydrocarbon macromonomers include linear or branched C8-C monomers. 22 Examples include homopolymers and copolymers of alkyl acrylates or methacrylates. The polymerizable end group may be a vinyl group or a (meth)acrylate group, and may be, for example, poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) macromonomer, poly(dodecyl acrylate) or poly(dodecyl methacrylate) macromonomer, poly(stearyl acrylate) or poly(stearyl methacrylate) macromonomer, etc. Such macromonomers generally contain one (meth)acrylate group as a polymerizable end group.

[0222] Further examples of hydrocarbon macromonomers include polyolefins containing ethylenically unsaturated end groups, such as (meth)acrylate end groups, as polymerizable end groups. Specific examples of such polyolefins include polyethylene macromonomers, polypropylene macromonomers, polyethylene / polypropylene copolymer macromonomers, polyethylene / polybutylene copolymer macromonomers, polyisobutylene macromonomers, polybutadiene macromonomers, polyisoprene macromonomers, polybutadiene macromonomers, and poly(ethylene / butylene)-polyisoprene macromonomers.

[0223] Examples of silicone macromonomers include organopolysiloxanes containing polymerizable end groups, such as (meth)acrylate end groups. Organopolysiloxanes may be linear, branched, partially branched, or resinous. In various embodiments, organopolysiloxanes are linear. In these embodiments, organopolysiloxanes may be polydimethylsiloxanes, but hydrocarbon groups other than methyl groups may be present with or in place of methyl groups. Typically, the polymerizable end groups are terminal, but they may optionally be pendants. One specific example of a silicone macromonomer is monomethacryloxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane.

[0224] In certain embodiments, the film-forming polymer is an organic film-forming polymer soluble in oil as a carrier vehicle. In these embodiments, the film-forming polymer may be referred to as a lipid-soluble polymer. Lipid-soluble polymers may be of any type, and specific examples include those containing or formed from olefins, cycloolefins, butadienes, isoprene, styrenes, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, vinyl amides, (meth)acrylic acid esters or amides.

[0225] In one embodiment, the lipid-soluble polymer is formed from monomers selected from the group consisting of isooctyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, isopentyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, methyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, and combinations thereof.

[0226] Alternatively, the lipid-soluble polymer may be an acrylic-silicone graft polymer, typically comprising a silicone backbone and an acrylic graft, or alternatively comprising an acrylic backbone and a silicone graft.

[0227] The film-forming polymer may be halogenated; for example, the film-forming polymer may contain fluorine atoms.

[0228] Alternatively, as described above, the film-forming polymer may be a cellulosic polymer such as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetobutyrate, cellulose acetopropionate, or ethylcellulose. Alternatively, the film-forming polymer may further include polyurethane, acrylic polymer, vinyl polymer, polyvinyl butyral, alkyd resin, or resin derived from aldehyde condensation products such as arylsulfonamide-formaldehyde resin.

[0229] Furthermore, as described above, the film-forming polymer may contain silicone and may be linear, branched, or resinous. Resinous silicones generally contain at least one T and / or Q unit, as understood in the art. Examples of resinous silicones include silsesquioxane. The silicone may contain any combination of M, D, T, and Q units, as long as it constitutes the film-forming polymer.

[0230] If the film-forming polymer contains silicone, it may also contain amphiphilic silicone. Amphiphilic silicone typically comprises a silicone moiety compatible with the silicone medium and a hydrophilic moiety. The hydrophilic moiety may be residues of compounds selected from, for example, alcohols and polyols having 1 to 12 hydroxyl groups, and polyoxyalkylenes (e.g., those containing oxypropylene units and / or oxyethylene units).

[0231] Amphiphilic silicones may be oils that have or do not have a gelling active ingredient. Examples of such oils may include dimethicone copolyol, bishydroxyethoxypropyl dimethicone, and the like.

[0232] In one embodiment, the film-forming polymer comprises a silicone organic elastomer gel. The silicone organic elastomer gel comprises linear organopolysiloxane chains crosslinked with polyoxyalkylene. The silicone organic elastomer gel may further contain hydrophilic polyether functionalities extending from the linear organopolysiloxane chains as pendants. Specific examples of suitable silicone organic elastomer gels are disclosed in International Application (PCT) No. PCT / US2010 / 020110.

[0233] In various embodiments, personal care ingredients may include, or may be referred to as, personal care active ingredients, healthcare active ingredients, or combinations thereof (collectively, “active ingredients (or actives)”). As used herein, “personal care active ingredient” means any compound or mixture of compounds known in the art as an additive in personal care formulations, which typically provides cosmetic and beauty benefits. “Healthcare active ingredient” means any compound or mixture of compounds known in the art to provide pharmaceutical or medical benefits. Accordingly, “healthcare active ingredients” include materials that are commonly used and considered to be active ingredients or drug active ingredients as defined by the United States Department of Health & Human Services Food and Drug Administration, as set forth in Title 21, Chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 200-299 and Parts 300-499. Specific personal care active ingredients and healthcare active ingredients are listed below. These personal care active ingredients and healthcare active ingredients may constitute personal care components, whether used to form, for example, AP / DEO compositions, skincare compositions, haircare compositions, nailcare compositions, and / or dental care compositions. For example, in various embodiments, the same personal care component may be used to form either a haircare composition or a skincare composition. As is understood in the art, at least some of the personal care active ingredients described below are the same as some of the personal care components described above with respect to skincare compositions, haircare compositions, nailcare compositions, and dental care compositions. For example, several plant or vegetable extracts, which are exemplary examples of the plant extracts described above as preferred personal care components, are described below. The active ingredients described below may constitute personal care components of a composition, or may be used in combination therewith.

[0234] Useful active ingredients for use in this composition include vitamins and derivatives thereof, including "provitamins." Useful vitamins in this specification include vitamin A1, retinol, and retinol C2-C2. 18 Examples of retinols include, but are not limited to, esters, vitamin E, tocopherol, esters of vitamin E, and mixtures thereof. Examples of retinols include trans-retinol, 1,3-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinol, 9-cis-retinol, and 3,4-didehydro-retinol, vitamin C and its derivatives, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, provitamin B5, panthenol, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, folic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid. Other suitable vitamins considered to be included herein and their INCI names are ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, ascorbyl glucoside, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, sodium ascorbate, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, and potassium (ascorbyl / tocopheryl) phosphate. Generally, retinol, all-trans retinoic acid, and their derivatives, isomers, and analogs are collectively referred to as "retinoids."

[0235] Retinol is the name of vitamin A designated by the Cosmetic Products Association (CTFA) (Washington DC) under the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI). Other suitable vitamins and their INCI names that may be included herein are retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl propionate, α-tocopherol, tocopherolol, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl linoleate, tocopheryl nicotinate, and tocopheryl succinate.

[0236] Some examples of commercially available products suitable for use herein include vitamin A acetate and vitamin C (both products of Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland); COVI-OX T-50 (a vitamin E product of Henkel Corporation, La Grange, Illinois); COVI-OX T-70 (another vitamin E product of Henkel Corporation, La Grange, Illinois); and vitamin E acetate (a product of Roche Vitamins & Fine Chemicals, Nutley, New Jersey).

[0237] The active ingredient may be a protein such as an enzyme. Examples of enzymes include, but are not limited to, commercially available enzymes, improved enzymes, recombinant enzymes, wild-type enzymes, mutant enzymes not found in nature, and mixtures thereof. For example, suitable enzymes include hydrolases, cutinases, oxidases, transferases, reductases, hemicellulases, esterases, isomerases, pectinases, lactases, peroxidases, laccases, catalases, and mixtures thereof. Examples of hydrolases include, but are not limited to, proteases (bacterial, fungal, acidic, neutral, or alkaline), amylases (α or β), lipases, mannanases, cellulases, collagenases, lysozymes, superoxide dismutases, catalases, and mixtures thereof. Examples of proteases include, but are not limited to, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, pancreatin, and other mammalian enzymes; papain, bromelain, and other plant enzymes; subtilisin, epidermine, nisin, naringinase (L-rhamnosidase) urokinase, and other bacterial enzymes. Examples of lipases include, but are not limited to, triacylglycerol lipases, monoacylglycerol lipases, lipoprotein lipases such as steapsin, erepsin, pepsin, other mammalian, plant, and bacterial lipases, and their purified products. In specific embodiments, natural papain is used as the enzyme. Furthermore, stimulating hormones, such as insulin, can be used together with the enzyme to enhance its effectiveness.

[0238] The active ingredients may be one or more plant or vegetable extracts. Examples of these ingredients are as follows: Angelica keiskei extract, avocado extract, hydrangea extract, hibiscus extract, rabbit's-ear extract, aloe extract, apricot extract, apricot kernel extract, ginkgo extract, fennel extract, turmeric extract, oolong tea extract, rosehip extract, echinacea extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, Phellodendron bark extract, Coptis japonica extract, barley extract, Hypericum extract, Lamium album extract, watercress extract, orange extract, dried seawater, seaweed extract, hydrolyzed elastin, hydrolyzed wheat flour powder, hydrolyzed silk, chamomile extract, carrot extract, Artemisia extract, licorice extract, hibiscus tea extract, pyracantha Fortuneana fruit extract, kiwi extract, cinchona bark extract, cucumber extract, guanosine, gardenia extract, bamboo grass extract, Sophora flavescens extract, walnut extract, grapefruit extract, clematis extract, chlorella extract, mulberry extract, gentian extract, black tea extract, yeast extract, burdock extract, rice bran fermentation extract, rice germ oil, comfrey extract, collagen, cranberry extract, gardenia extract, Asarum extract, Bupleurum extract, umbilical cord extract, sage extract, saponaria extract, bamboo extract, Hawthorn fruit extract, Japanese pepper fruit extract, shiitake mushroom extract, Rehmannia glutinosa extract, Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract, Perilla extract, Linden extract, Spiraea extract, Peony extract, Calamus root extract, Birch extract, Horsetail extract, Hedera helix (ivy) extract, Hawthorn extract, Elderberry extract, Yarrow extract, Peppermint extract, Sage extract, Mallow extract, Cnidium officinale root extract, Swertia japonica extract, Soybean extract, Jujube extract, Thyme extract, Tea extract, Clove extract, Imperata cyrillo (grass) extract, Satsuma mandarin peel extract, Angelica acutiloba extract, Calendula extract, Peach kernel extract, Bitter orange peel extract, Houttuyna cordata extract, Tomato extract, Natto extract, Ginseng extract, Green tea extract (Camellia sinensis)(Sinesis)) Garlic extract, wild rose extract, hibiscus extract, Ophiopogon extract, lotus extract, parsley extract, honey, witch hazel extract, Lamiaceae extract, Enmeisou extract, bisabolol extract, loquat extract, coltsfoot extract, butterbur extract, Poria extract, Ruscus aculeatus extract, grape extract, propolis extract, loofah extract, safflower extract, peppermint extract, linden extract, peony extract, hop extract, pine extract, horse chestnut extract, skunk cabbage [Lysichiton Camtschatcese extract, soapberry extract, European mint extract, peach extract, cornflower extract, eucalyptus extract, saxifrage extract, citron extract, Job's tears extract, mugwort extract, lavender extract, apple extract, lettuce extract, lemon extract, lotus extract, rose extract, rosemary extract, Roman chamomile extract, and royal jelly extract, as well as combinations thereof.

[0239] The following are representative, non-limiting examples of healthcare active ingredients useful as drugs in this composition. One or more drugs can be used alone or in combination with the above-mentioned active ingredients and / or personal care ingredients.

[0240] The composition may contain an antiparasitic agent. This antiparasitic agent may be of any type. Examples of antiparasitic agents include, but are not limited to, hexachlorobenzene, carbamates, naturally occurring pyrethroids, permethrin, arethrin, malathion, piperonyl butoxide, and combinations thereof.

[0241] The composition may contain an antimicrobial agent, also known as a bactericide. The antimicrobial agent may be of any type. Examples of antimicrobial agents include phenols, including cresol and resorcinol. Such compositions may be used to treat skin infections. A very common example of a skin infection is acne, which involves invasion of the sebaceous glands by p. acnes and Staphylococcus aurus or Pseudomonas. Examples of effective anti-acne active ingredients include salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid), salicylic acid derivatives such as 5-octanoylsalicylic acid and keratolytic agents such as resorcinol; retinoids such as retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans forms); sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives, and their salts, especially their N-acetyl derivatives such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine; lipoic acid; antibiotics and antibacterial agents (benzoyl peroxide, octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4'-trichloro- Examples include 2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorobanilide, azelaic acid and its derivatives, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, ethyl acetate, clindamycin, and meclocycline; cebostats such as flavonoids; and bile salts (symnol sulfate and its derivatives, deoxycholate and cholate, etc.); parachlorometaxylenol; and combinations thereof.

[0242] Phenols at concentrations of 0.2% by weight, 1.0% by weight, and 1.3% by weight generally exhibit bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and fungicidal properties, respectively. Several phenol derivatives are more effective than phenol itself, with halogenated phenols and bis-phenols, alkyl-substituted phenols, and resorcinol being particularly important. Hydrophobic antimicrobial agents include triclosan, triclocarbon, eucalyptol, menthol, methyl salicylate, thymol, and combinations thereof.

[0243] The composition may contain an antifungal agent. The antifungal agent may be of any type. Examples of antifungal agents include, but are not limited to, azoles, diazoles, triazoles, miconazoles, fluconazoles, ketoconazoles, clotrimazoles, itraconazoles, griseofulvins, cyclopirox, amorolfine, terbinafine, amphotericin B, potassium iodide, flucytosine (5FC), and combinations thereof. U.S. Patent No. 4,352,808 discloses a 3-aralkyloxy-2,3-dihydro-2-(1H-imidazolylmethyl)benzo[b]thiophene compound having antifungal and antibacterial activity, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0244] The composition may contain a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The steroidal anti-inflammatory agent may be of any type. Examples of steroidal anti-inflammatory agents include hydrocortisone, hydroxyltriamcinolone, α-methyldexamethasone, dexamethasone phosphate, beclomethasone dipropionate, clobetasol valerate, desonide, desoxymethasone, desoxycorticosterone acetate, dexamethasone, dichlorizone, diflorasone acetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluadrenolone, fluchlorolone acetonide, fludrocortisone, flumetasone pivalate, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, and fluocortine butyl ester. Butyl ester), fluocortone, fluprednilidene acetate, flurandrenolone, halcinonide, hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone butyrate, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone acetonide, cortisone, cortodoxone, flucetonide, fludrocortisone, difluorosone acetate, fluradrenalon acetonide Corticosteroids such as acetonide, medrizone, amc, amsinafid, betamethasone and its ester residues, chlorprednisone, chlorprednisone acetate, clocortelone, clescinolone, dichlorizone, difluprednate, fluchloronide, flunisolide, fluoromethalone, fluperolone, fluprednisolone, hydrocortisone valerate, hydrocortisone cyclopentylpropionate, hydrocortamate, meprednisone, paramethasone, prednisolone, prednisone, beclomethasone dipropionate, betamethasone dipropionate, triamcinolone, and mixtures thereof, are examples of these, but are not limited to them.

[0245] Currently available transdermal topical antihistamine preparations include 1% and 2% diphenhydramine (Benadryl® and Caladryl®), 5% doxepin (Zonalon®) cream, pyrilamine maleate, chlorpheniramine and triperenamine, phenothiazine, promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan®), and dimethindene maleate. These drugs, as well as additional antihistamines, may be included in the composition of the present invention. In addition, so-called "natural" anti-inflammatory agents may be useful. For example, candelilla wax, α-bisabolol, aloe vera, Manjistha (an extract of plants of the genus Rubia, especially Rubia cordifolia), and Guggal (an extract of plants of the genus Myrrh, especially Commiphora mukul) may be used as active ingredients in the composition of the present invention.

[0246] The composition may contain a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The NSAID may be of any type. Examples of NSAIDs include, but are not limited to, those in the following NSAID categories: propionic to acid derivatives; acetic acid derivatives; fenamic acid derivatives; biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives; and oxicam. Such NSAIDs are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,985,459, which is incorporated herein by reference. Further examples include, but are not limited to, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen, pirprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin, pranoprofen, miroprofen, thioxaprofen, suprofen, aluminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen, and bucloxic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0247] The composition may contain antioxidants / radical scavengers. The antioxidant may be of any type. Examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and its salts, tocopherol (vitamin E) and its derivatives, e.g., tocopherol sorbate, esters of other tocopherols, butylated hydroxybenzoic acid and its salts, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (commercially available under the trade name Trolox®), gallic acid and its alkyl esters, particularly propyl gallate, uric acid and its salts and alkyl esters, sorbic acid and its salts, ascorbyl esters of fatty acids, amines (e.g., N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, amino-guanidine), sulfhydryl compounds (e.g., glutathione), as well as dihydroxyfumaric acid and its salts, and EDTA, BHT, etc., and combinations thereof.

[0248] The composition may contain an antibiotic. The antibiotic may be of any type. Examples of antibiotics include, but are not limited to, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, synthetic and semi-synthetic penicillin, β-lactams, quinolones, fluoroquinolones, macrolide antibiotics, peptide antibiotics, cyclosporine, erythromycin, clindamycin, and combinations thereof.

[0249] The composition may contain a local anesthetic. The local anesthetic may be of any type. Examples of local anesthetics include, but are not limited to, benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, chlorprocaine, dibucaine, etidocaine, mepivacaine, tetracaine, diclonin, hexylcaine, procaine, cocaine, ketamine, pramoxin, phenol, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and combinations thereof.

[0250] The composition may contain an antiviral agent. The antiviral agent may be of any type. Examples of antiviral agents include, but are not limited to, proteins, polypeptides, peptides, fusion protein antibodies, nucleic acid molecules, organic molecules, inorganic molecules, and small molecules that inhibit or reduce the attachment of viruses to receptors, the transfer of viruses into cells, viral replication, or the release of viruses from cells. In particular, examples of antiviral agents include, but are not limited to, nucleoside analogs (e.g., zidovudine, acyclovir, acyclovir prodrugs, famciclovir, gangcyclovir, vidarabine, doxuridine, trifluridine, and ribavirin), n-docosanoll, foscarnet, amantadine, rimantadine, saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, doxuridine, α-interferon and other interferons, AZT, and combinations thereof.

[0251] Examples of additional active ingredients include analgesics and antihypertensives. Analgesics are known in the art and are colloquially referred to as painkillers. Analgesics may be selected from any known analgesics, and specific examples include paracetamol (acetaminophen), morphine, codeine, heroin, methadone, thebaine, orpiarine, buprenorphine, morphinan, benzomorphan, acetaminophen, butorphanol, diflunisal, fenoprofen, fentanyl, fentanyl citrate, hydrocodone, aspirin, sodium salicylate, ibuprofen, oxymorphone, pentaxicine, naproxen, nalbuffine, mefenamic acid, meperidine, and dihydroergotamine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, salicylic acid, etc., and opioids, morphine, and oxycodone, etc. In the art, antihypertensive agents are known to treat or reduce hypertension, i.e., high blood pressure. Antihypertensive agents may be selected from any known antihypertensive agents, including diuretics, adrenergic receptor blockers (e.g., beta-blockers), benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, and renin inhibitors.

[0252] A typical narcotic antagonist is naloxone. Exemplary cough suppressants include, but are not limited to, diphenhydramine, guaifenesin, hydromorphone, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, theophylline, codeine, noscapine, levopropoxifen, carbetapentane, chlorfedianol, and benzonate.

[0253] Available sedatives include, but are not limited to, chloral hydrate, butabarbital, alprazolam, amobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, mefobarbital, secobarbital, diphenhydramine, etinamate, flurazepam, harazepam, haloperidol, prochlorperazine, oxazepam, and tarbutal.

[0254] Examples of cardiac drugs include, but are not limited to, quinidine, propranolol, nifedipine, procaine, dobutamine, digitoxin, phenyloin, sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, verapamil HCl, digoxin, nicardipine HCl, and isosorbide disnitrate.

[0255] Examples of antiemetics include, but are not limited to, thiethylperazine, metoclopramide, cyclizine, meclizine, prochlorperazine, doxylamine succinate, promethazine, triflupromazine, and hydroxyzine.

[0256] A typical dopamine receptor agonist is bromocriptine mesylate. Exemplary amino acid, peptide, and protein hormones include, but are not limited to, thyroxine, growth hormone (GH), interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) such as leuprolide acetate, vasopressin, and their active degradation products. Some products have sufficiently high molecular weights and may be difficult to absorb through the stratum corneum or mucous membranes. Therefore, the present invention is applicable only to hormones that have a molecular weight and shape that can pass through the skin.

[0257] Examples of female hormones that can be used include, but are not limited to, estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, complex estrogens, estrone, norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone, progesterone, and norgestrel. Typical male hormones that can be used may include, but are not limited to, testosterone, methyltestosterone, and fluoxymesterone.

[0258] As described above, the emulsion may contain various additives (e.g., those added during the preparation of the emulsion) so that the emulsion itself functions as a final-use composition. However, the emulsion can also be combined with various additional components (e.g., after its preparation), such as those mentioned above, and thus can be incorporated into various final-use compositions, such as personal care compositions. Such compositions may be in any form, such as creams, gels, powders, pastes, or freely injectable liquids. Compositions containing or formed from the emulsions of this disclosure may exhibit improved application and cosmetic properties (including reduced stickiness and tackiness), as well as improved clarity / low residue properties.

[0259] In some embodiments, the emulsion may be a personal care composition on its own or may be compounded to form a personal care composition. In such embodiments, the personal care composition may be compounded to be cosmetic, therapeutic, functional, or a combination thereof for a part of the body to which the personal care composition is applied. Examples of personal care compositions include antiperspirants and deodorants, skincare creams, skincare lotions, moisturizers, facial treatments (e.g., acne or wrinkle treatments), personal and facial cleansers, bath oils, fragrances, colognes, sachets, sunscreens, pre-shave and aftershave lotions, shaving soaps and foams, shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes, hair straighteners, hairsprays, mousses, hair gels, permanents, depilators, cuticle coats, cosmetics, color cosmetics, foundations, concealers, blushes, lipsticks, eyeliners, mascaras, degreasing agents, color cosmetic removers, and medicinal creams, pastes or sprays (e.g., anti-acne agents, oral hygiene agents, antibiotics, healing agents, etc.). Generally, personal care compositions containing emulsions are formulated with carriers that enable application in conventional forms, such as liquids, rinses, lotions, creams, pastes, gels, foams, mousses, ointments, sprays, aerosols, soaps, sticks, soft solids, or solid gels, depending on the intended use. Suitable carriers for formulating personal care compositions will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art and may be selected from the carriers exemplified herein.

[0260] Personal care compositions may be in liquid or non-liquid (semi-solid, soft solid, solid, etc.) form. For example, a personal care composition may be a paste, solid, gel, or cream. In addition, regardless of how the emulsion is prepared, a personal care composition formed from an emulsion may itself be an emulsion such as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, a multiple emulsion such as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, or a rigid or flexible gel containing a solid or anhydrous gel. Personal care compositions may also be in a form selected from translucent anhydrous gels and transparent anhydrous gels. Personal care compositions may include, for example, an external or continuous fatty phase. Personal care compositions may be anhydrous. In some examples, personal care compositions may be molded compositions or cast as sticks or dish-shaped bodies. In a specific embodiment, a personal care composition containing an emulsion is a molded injection stick. In such embodiments, the personal care composition (e.g., in stick form) may behave as a deformable flexible elastic solid with increased elastic flexibility upon application.

[0261] Personal care compositions containing emulsions can be used by any means, such as by hand or by application to the human body (e.g., skin or hair) using an applicator (e.g., brush or sprayer). In some embodiments, personal care compositions may be intended to be removed after such application by, for example, washing, wiping, scraping, or a combination thereof.

[0262] As described above, copolymers in general, and in particular specific embodiments of acrylic copolymers, have excellent utility when used in or applied as cosmetic ingredients or film-forming agents, including quasi-drug formulations or topical formulations. Although not limited to this particular end use, the copolymers of the present invention can be used in place of or in combination with any conventional copolymers having a carbosiloxane dendrimer structure that are ubiquitous in existing cosmetic formulations.

[0263] For example, the following patent application publications: International Publication Nos. 2012 / 143344, 2014 / 154701, 2014 / 154700, 2015 / 092632, 2015 / 097110, 2015 / 097103, 2017 / 050699, 2017 / 050922, 2010 / 026538, 2014 / 087183, 2011 / 051323, and Application Publication No. 2 Publication No. 007-320960, International Publication No. 2016 / 030842, Application Publication No. 2010-018612, 2011-016734, 2011-016732, 2011-016733, 2011-016734, 2011-126807, 2011-126808, 2013-001672, 2014-034568, 2014-040388, 2014 -227358, 2015-098451, 2015-137252, 2016-008200, 2016-088848, 2016-121095, 2016-160191, 2018-090495, 2000-072784, JP-A-07-309714, Publication No. 2007-320960, Publication No. 2014-040512, International Publication No. 2017 / 061 The copolymer can partially or completely replace silicone acrylate copolymers having a carbosiloxane dendrimer structure in cosmetic formulations as described in Patent No. 090, Publication Nos. 2011-149017, 2014-040512, 2014-040511, International Publication Nos. 2018 / 086139, 2018 / 186138, International Application PCT / JP18 / 022412, and International Application PCT / JP18 / 022413 (e.g., conventional products such as FA4001 CM Silicone Acrylate, FA4002 ID Silicone Acrylate, and FA4003 Silicone Acrylate).

[0264] The specific intended end uses of the copolymers of the present invention are based on cosmetic formulations as published in the above-mentioned patent applications, in which conventional copolymers having a carbosiloxane dendrimer structure as published in these patent applications are replaced by the copolymers of the present invention as disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the copolymers of the present invention are used in combination with conventional copolymers having a carbosiloxane dendrimer structure. In other embodiments, the copolymers of the present invention are used instead of (and to replace) conventional copolymers having a carbosiloxane dendrimer structure.

[0265] Furthermore, emulsion compositions containing copolymers can be partially or completely replaced with the copolymers of the present invention in the emulsion. For example, copolymer emulsions in cosmetic formulations disclosed in the following documents: International Publication Nos. 2017 / 061090, 2018 / 086139, 2018 / 186138, International Application Nos. PCT / JP18 / 022412, 2018 / JP18 / 022413, and Research Disclosure: IPCOM Nos. 000243971D and IPCOM Nos. 0002457480 can be replaced with emulsions containing the copolymers of the present invention.

[0266] By replacing conventional silicone acrylate copolymers having a carbosiloxane dendrimer structure with copolymers containing branched organosilicon moieties in available conventional cosmetic formulations, those skilled in the art can anticipate and design similar or improved cosmetic formulations using copolymers containing branched organosilicon moieties.

[0267] The following embodiments illustrating the present invention are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit it.

[0268] [Table 1]

[0269] Preparation Example 1:

[0270] The initial organosilicon compound (A1) (657.13 g) was packed into a reaction vessel connected to a vacuum, and two top-of-column receptors, a distillation column, a reboiler, and a cooling trap (dry ice) were fixed in place. The vessel was heated to 129°C to strip off volatile substances (29.15 g: hexane / water). Then, a vacuum was drawn (to 10 mmHg), and the vessel pot was heated to 135°C to remove further volatile substances (26.91 g from the top of the column, 21.56 g from the cooling trap). Next, the inhibitor (D1) was packed into the system, forming four parts: two top-of-column receptors (0.410 g each), a cooling trap (0.3 g), and the top of the distillation column (0.50 g). Then, purging (7% O2 / N2, 40 sccm) was initiated in the reboiler fluid. Next, catalyst (C1) (2.9g) and MMA (298.77g) were packed into the vessel. The reactor setpoint was heated, and reflux was maintained at a top temperature of 64°C or lower to remove volatile substances. The reaction was held for 6 hours, during which time the system was kept under vacuum, reflux and a pot temperature of 103°C were maintained, and volatile substances were recovered (35.4g). The reaction mixture in the pot was tested (GC) and the conversion rate was determined (GC: conversion rate 96.3%). Next, the vacuum was reduced to 535 mmHg, the pot was heated to 103°C, the top removal was set to a reflux ratio of 40, and the reactor was held for 2.5 hours. Next, the vacuum was reduced to 10 mmHg, the pot was heated to 118°C, and while maintaining the reactor for 1 hour, volatile substances were removed (204.31 g, 19.03 g in the cooling trap), yielding 544.02 g of reaction product containing the acryloxy-functional organosilicon compound, with a conversion rate to methacryloxy ester of 100% (GC) and a mass balance of 97.2%, as a yellowish, turbid material with a white powder precipitate. The acryloxy-functional organosilicon compound has the following structure: [ka] It has the properties of Si10N, which may be referred to as Si10N in this specification.

[0271] Example 1

[0272] Preparation of monomer mixture and radical initiator solution

[0273] To the first beaker, 15.20 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 4.80 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, and 20.00 parts by weight of a branched organosilicon compound (Si10N) were added and mixed homogeneously.

[0274] In the second beaker, add 0.4 parts by weight of V-601 (dimethyl 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionate) ) The ingredients were weighed, and then 21.38 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol were added and stirred to form a solution.

[0275] Radical polymerization and solvent substitution

[0276] 32.44 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol were placed in a separable flask, and the temperature was raised to 70°C over 30 minutes while stirring with N2 bubbling to remove oxygen from the isopropyl alcohol. After the temperature reached 70°C, the contents of the first and second beakers were gradually and simultaneously added dropwise to allow the reaction to proceed. After the contents of the first and second beakers had been added dropwise, 6.18 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol were added to rinse the first and second beakers. After reacting at 70°C for 10 hours, a clear liquid was obtained and used in several tests (Table 2).

[0277] Comparative Example 1:

[0278] The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated, except that 3-methacryloxypropyltris{[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl]ethyldimethylsiloxy}silane was used instead of Si10N.

[0279] [Table 2]

[0280] The organosilicon compound is 3-methacryloxypropyltris{[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl]ethyldimethylsiloxy}silane.

[0281] In Example 1, only 6 hours were required to achieve a residual Si content of less than 0.5%. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, 10 hours were required to achieve the same Si content.

[0282] As a result, a silicone acrylate copolymer solution was obtained with low concentrations of impurities. The properties of the film were also evaluated (Table 3). Isopropyl alcohol was replaced with isododecane by heating at 110°C and vacuum evacuation at 50 mmHg. The completed polymer solution contained approximately 30% non-volatile substances.

[0283] [Table 3]

[0284] Example 2

[0285] Emulsification of monomers

[0286] 0.71 parts by weight of 90% laureth-1 phosphate was weighed into the first beaker, then 51.68 parts by weight of deionized water and 0.39 parts by weight of 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added and stirred to form an aqueous solution. 0.60 parts by weight of 2-phenoxyethanol, 9.90 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 5.10 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, and 15.00 parts by weight of Si10N dendrimer were added to the second beaker and homogenized. The mixture in the second beaker was added to the first beaker and stirred for several minutes. The contents were then passed through a homogenizer at a pressure of 300-400 kg / cm2 multiple times to obtain a milky white monomer emulsion free of oil droplets.

[0287] radical polymerization

[0288] In a separable flask, 4.60 parts by weight of deionized water and a portion of the obtained monomer emulsion were placed, and the mixture was heated to 80°C while stirring. After the temperature reached 80°C, the remainder of the obtained monomer emulsion and 7.5 parts by weight of 3% 2,2'-azobis[N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methyl Propion An aqueous solution of amidine tetrahydrate in deionized water was gradually added dropwise to allow the reaction to proceed. After 3 hours of reaction, 4.5 parts by weight of 5% 2,2'-azobis[N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methyl Propion An aqueous solution of amidine tetrahydrate, prepared with deionized water, was added. After the reaction, neither methyl methacrylate nor butyl acrylate odor was detected. The completed emulsion contained approximately 30% non-volatile substances, confirming the completion of the reaction.

[0289] Example 3:

[0290] Example 3 was identical to Example 2, except that different amounts of MMA, n-BuA, and Si10N were used (as shown in Table 4 below).

[0291] Example 4:

[0292] Example 4 was identical to Example 2, except that different amounts of MMA, n-BuA, and Si10N were used (as shown in Table 4 below).

[0293] Films were prepared from Examples 2-4, their physical properties were measured, and the results are listed in Table 4 below.

[0294] [Table 4]

[0295] The terms “comprising” or “comprise” are used herein in their broadest sense to mean and encompass the view of “including,” “include,” “consisting essentially of,” and “consisting of.” The use of “for example,” “eg,” “such as,” and “including” to list examples is not limited to the examples listed. Thus, “for example” or “such as” means “for example, but not limited to” or “such as, but not limited to,” and encompass other similar or equivalent examples.

[0296] In general, as used herein, a hyphen "-" or dash "-" in a range of values ​​means "to" or "through", ">" means "above" or "greater-than", "≧" means "at least" or "greater-than or equal to", "<" means "below" or "less-than", and "≦" means "at most" or "less-than or equal to". Each of the aforementioned patent applications, patents, and / or patent publications is expressly incorporated herein in whole by reference in one or more non-limiting embodiments, based on individual criteria.

[0297] It should be understood that the appended claims are not limited to the expressions and specific compounds, compositions, or methods described in the detailed description, and that these may vary among the specific embodiments within the appended claims. With respect to any group of Markush on which the descriptions of specific features or aspects of various embodiments herein are based, different, specific, and / or unforeseen results may be obtained from each element of that group of Markush, independently of all other elements of the other groups of Markush. Each element of a group of Markush may be relied upon individually and / or in combination to adequately support a particular embodiment within the appended claims.

[0298] Furthermore, any ranges and partial ranges on which the various embodiments of the present invention are relied upon, independently and comprehensively, fall within the scope of the appended claims, and even if all and / or some of the values ​​therein are not explicitly stated herein, it is understood that the entire range encompassing such values ​​is described and conceived. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the enumerated ranges and partial ranges adequately describe and enable the various embodiments of the present invention, and that such ranges and partial ranges can be further divided into relevant bisectings, trisectings, quadruplings, quintuples, and so on. As merely one example, the range "0.1 to 0.9" can be further divided into a lower third, i.e., 0.1 to 0.3, a middle third, i.e., 0.4 to 0.6, and an upper third, i.e., 0.7 to 0.9, which, individually and comprehensively, fall within the scope of the appended claims, may be relied upon individually and / or comprehensively, and can adequately support specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, with respect to words that define or modify a range, such as "at least," "greater than," "less than," and "less than or equal to," such words should be understood to include subranges and / or upper or lower limits. As another example, the range "at least 10" essentially includes the subranges at least 10 to 35, at least 10 to 25, 25 to 35, and so on, each of which may be relied upon individually and / or comprehensively to adequately support a particular embodiment within the appended claims. Finally, individual numbers within the disclosed range may be relied upon to adequately support a particular embodiment within the appended claims. For example, the range "1 to 9" includes various individual integers, e.g., 3, and individual numbers (or fractions) including decimals, e.g., 4.1, which may be relied upon to adequately support a particular embodiment within the appended claims.

[0299] The present invention is described in an exemplary manner, and the terms used should be understood to be intended more as descriptive language than as limiting language. Clearly, many modifications and changes to the present invention are possible from the above teachings. The present invention may also be carried out in ways other than those specifically described.

Claims

1. The following general formula: 【Chemistry 1】 A branched organosilicon compound having the following characteristics.

2. A method for preparing branched organosilicon compounds, The method includes reacting (A) an organosilicon compound with (B) a functional compound having a methacrylic functional group in the presence of (C) a catalyst, to obtain the branched organosilicon compound, A method wherein the branched organosilicon compound is the branched organosilicon compound described in claim 1.

3. The organosilicon compound (A) has the following general formula: 【Chemistry 2】 [In the formula, X is a trimethylene group, D is a dimethylene group, R is a methyl group, R ２ This is a methyl group, and each R ５ The method according to claim 2, wherein [ is a methyl group].

4. The functional compound (B) is of formula: 【Transformation 3】 [In the formula, R ７ The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein is a methyl group and Y is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group.

5. A copolymer comprising a reaction product of a branched organosilicon compound and a second compound reactive with the branched organosilicon compound, A copolymer in which the branched organosilicon compound is the branched organosilicon compound described in claim 1.

6. A method for preparing a copolymer, comprising reacting a branched organosilicon compound with a second compound reactive with the branched organosilicon compound to obtain the copolymer, A method wherein the copolymer is the copolymer described in claim 5.

7. A composition comprising the branched organosilicon compound described in claim 1 and / or the copolymer described in claim 5.

8. The composition according to claim 7, further defined as at least one of (i) an emulsion, (ii) an aqueous composition, (iii) a surfactant composition, (iv) a wetting composition, (v) an aqueous film-forming foam, (vi) a surface tension modifier, (vii) an anti-blocking additive, (viiii) an agricultural composition, (ix) a coating composition, (x) a paint composition, (xi) a surface treatment composition, (xi) a film-forming composition, and (iii) a cosmetic composition.

9. The use of the branched organosilicon compound according to claim 1 as at least one of the following: surfactant, dispersant, wetting agent, anti-blocking additive, surface tension modifier, surface treatment agent, additive for agricultural compositions, additive for coatings, additive for paints, cosmetic ingredient, siloxane modifier, and aqueous film-forming foam component.

10. The use of the copolymer according to claim 5 as at least one of a surface treatment agent, a paint additive, a coating additive, and a cosmetic ingredient.

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