Manufacturing methods for precast concrete products

Abstract

To provide a method for producing a solidified body, which can reduce the size of bubbles on the surface and inside of a fluid or eliminate bubbles, and which produces a homogeneous, high-quality solidified body with a good appearance, and a solidified body produced by the method. [Solution] The method comprises the steps of supplying a fluid to a receiving section, applying a fluctuating inertial force to the fluid supplied to the receiving section, stopping the application of the fluctuating inertial force and molding the fluid in the receiving section, and solidifying the fluid in the receiving section, and is characterized in that the fluctuating inertial force is controlled by one or more conditions selected from the fluctuation range of the fluctuating inertial force, the number of fluctuations per unit time, the time or number of times for repeated fluctuations, and acceleration, depending on the physical and / or chemical attributes of the fluid and / or the physical and / or chemical attributes of the bubbles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for atomizing and / or defoaming bubbles in a fluid and solidifying the fluid by applying a variable inertial force to the fluid. Precast concrete products

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, when manufacturing products or the like using a fluid, it may be necessary to treat bubbles contained in the fluid from the viewpoints of quality and appearance. For example, when solidifying a fluid, if bubbles are present in the fluid, cavities and depressions will occur inside and on the surface of the solidified body, and the processes for eliminating them have been time-consuming and costly.

[0003] Regarding such problems, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a concrete bubble reduction vibrator having a vibrator connected or incorporated with an electric motor, a hoe plate, and a connecting portion connecting the vibrator and the hoe plate. A method for reducing bubbles in concrete by inserting this bubble reduction vibrator near the formwork of uncured concrete and vibrating it is described.

[0004] However, in the vibrator as described in Patent Document 1, due to scattering and diffuse reflection of vibrations caused by the viscosity of concrete, the properties, shapes, sizes, and specific gravities of cement paste, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate, and various mixing forms, the vibration does not spread throughout, and there is a problem that vibration can only be applied locally. In addition, the work of inserting the vibrator near the formwork causes excessive labor and costs. Furthermore, originally, under the given vibration conditions, the defoaming conditions of the vibrating body do not match and defoaming cannot be achieved.

[0005] ​Furthermore, Patent Document 2 describes a table vibrator for molding cement concrete products, on which a formwork mounting table for placing concrete molded product formwork is constructed using a frame such as structural steel, a base is constructed using a frame such as structural steel, the formwork mounting table is attached to this base with a cushioning member such as rubber interposed therebetween, a formwork fixing device is provided for placing and fixing the concrete molded product formwork on the formwork mounting table, and a vibration motor is attached to a part of the formwork mounting table away from the formwork fixing device.

[0006] However, the table vibrator described in Patent Document 2 could only apply a fixed, predetermined vibration that did not meet the defoaming conditions, and was unable to refine or eliminate air bubbles, so-called entrapped air, on the concrete surface and / or inside the concrete, and had the problem that it could not refine them to the point where they could be seen as disappearing. In other words, the applied vibration conditions did not meet the defoaming conditions for the vibrated object, and therefore could not defoam.

[0007] Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes a defoaming device used in various coating machines and printing machines to remove air bubbles contained in coating materials, inks, etc., which comprises a defoaming treatment tank and an ultrasonic transducer connected to the defoaming treatment tank.

[0008] However, in defoaming techniques using sound waves, particularly ultrasound, when the fluid is a viscous fluid or a hybrid fluid containing multiple objects with different specific gravities, hardnesses, sizes, and shapes, and has a sufficiently large volume, while it is possible to apply pre-set wave conditions near the input source of the sound waves, the sound waves attenuate significantly as they move away from the input source. As a result, the attenuated waves deviate from the set conditions, becoming uneven and not spreading evenly throughout the material, ultimately resulting in a problem where defoaming cannot be completely achieved to an acceptable level. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-16868 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 5-318422 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-167386 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0010] This invention was made possible through the diligent research of the inventors in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and it is possible to refine the air bubbles on the surface and inside of the solidified material, resulting in a good aesthetic appearance and enabling the efficient production of high-quality products at low cost. Precast concrete products The objective is to provide a method for manufacturing [the product]. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] This invention Precast concrete products One embodiment of the manufacturing method comprises the steps of: supplying a fluid to a receiving section; applying a fluctuating inertial force of 2G or more, with a variation range of 1 / 10 or more of the diameter of the bubbles to be defoamed supplied to the receiving section and approximately the same as the diameter; and stopping the application of the fluctuating inertial force and molding within the receiving section. The process includes a step of solidifying the fluid in the receiving part, and during the step of applying the variable inertial force, the physical properties of the fluid target Attributes and / or the physical properties of bubbles target Depending on the attributes, the variable inertial force is controlled by one or more conditions selected from the number of fluctuations per unit time, the time or number of fluctuations to be repeated, and the acceleration, so that it matches the velocity of the free fall of the fluid, causing the fluid to momentarily pass through a near-weightless state of motion, and thereby imparting an inertial force to the fluid that exceeds the collapse resistance of the bubbles due to the difference in inertial forces generated between the bubbles and the fluid. Furthermore, the fluid is concrete, and the fluctuation range is reduced according to the size of the collapsed air bubbles, while the number of fluctuations is changed so as to maintain an acceleration of 2G or more above a certain level. Furthermore, the present invention Precast concrete productsAnother embodiment of the manufacturing method comprises the steps of: supplying a fluid to a receiving section; applying a fluctuating inertial force to the fluid supplied to the receiving section with a fluctuation range of at least one-tenth of the diameter of the bubbles to be defoamed and approximately the same as the diameter, and with an acceleration of at least twice the Earth's gravitational acceleration (2G); using the fluctuating inertial force to promote the discharge of the fluid from the receiving section and filling the mold with the fluid; and solidifying the fluid inside the mold. The above fluid is concrete, During the process in which the above-mentioned variable inertial force is applied, for a certain period of time until the fluid passes through the receiving part and is discharged, the physical properties of the fluid target Attributes and / or physical properties of the above bubbles target Depending on the attributes, the variable inertial force is controlled by one or more conditions selected from the number of fluctuations per unit time, the time or number of fluctuations to be repeated, and the acceleration, so that it matches the velocity of the free fall of the fluid, causing the fluid to momentarily pass through a near-weightless state of motion, and thereby imparting an inertial force to the fluid that exceeds the collapse resistance of the bubbles due to the difference in inertial forces generated between the bubbles and the fluid. Furthermore, the fluctuation range is reduced according to the size of the collapsed bubbles, and the number of fluctuations is transitioned so as to maintain an acceleration of 2G or more above a certain level.

[0013] In the case of viscous fluids, due to their high viscous resistance, vibrations do not propagate throughout the entire fluid even when vibrations are applied locally, as in the invention described in Patent Document 1. However, in one aspect of the present invention, a fluctuating inertial force (e.g., oscillation) can be applied almost uniformly to the fluid as an external coercive force. In this case, the external coercive force on the fluid acts as an inertial force applied almost uniformly to the entire volume of the fluid, and since the fluid is not a medium for vibration, a mechanism in which the external coercive force is locally attenuated within the fluid hardly occurs. The fluctuating inertial force can be applied in the vertical and / or horizontal directions, or in a combined direction thereof. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the present invention, air bubbles on the surface and inside of a fluid can be miniaturized or defoamed, enabling the efficient production of a solidified body that is aesthetically pleasing, homogeneous, and of high quality. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0015] [Figure 1] It is a schematic diagram for explaining the direction for applying a fluctuating inertial force with respect to a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a schematic diagram schematically showing a first mechanism of bubble atomization with respect to a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] (A) and (B) are schematic diagrams schematically showing a second mechanism of bubble atomization with respect to a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] It is a schematic diagram schematically showing a third mechanism of bubble atomization with respect to a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5A] (A) is a schematic diagram showing an example of a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is a schematic diagram for explaining the direction for applying a fluctuating inertial force. [Figure 5B] (C) is a schematic diagram for explaining another example of the direction for applying a fluctuating inertial force, and (D) is a schematic diagram showing an example of a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] (A) and (B) are schematic diagrams showing other examples of a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7A] (A) to (F) are cross-sectional views for explaining some modes of a supply part of a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7B] (G) and (H) are cross-sectional views for explaining some modes of a supply part of a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention, (I) and (J) are cross-sectional views for explaining some connection modes between a supply part and a receiving part in a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and (K) and (L) are cross-sectional views for explaining some modes of a receiving part of a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7C] (M) to (R) are cross-sectional views for explaining some modes of a receiving part of a bubble atomization and defoaming device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7D](S) to (X) are cross-sectional views illustrating several embodiments of the receiving portion of a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8A] (A) to (F) are cross-sectional views illustrating several embodiments of the discharge section of a bubble micronization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8B] (G) to (K) are cross-sectional views illustrating several embodiments of the discharge section of a bubble micronization defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8C] Figures (L) to (P) are perspective views illustrating several embodiments of the discharge section of a bubble micronization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8D] Figures (Q) to (S) are cross-sectional views illustrating a configuration for preventing clogging of the discharge section of a bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] (A) to (C) are cross-sectional views illustrating several embodiments of the support portion of a bubble micronization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10A] This is a schematic diagram showing an example of a bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, which has an avoidance section. [Figure 10B] This is a schematic diagram showing another modified example of a bubble micronization defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11A] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a process for applying a fluctuating inertial force to a fluid in a bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11B] This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a device that applies vibration and / or shock locally. [Figure 12] This is a schematic diagram showing another example of a process for applying a variable inertial force to a fluid in a bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] This figure shows the state of air bubbles in the concrete when the conditions are changed in the example. [Figure 14] This figure shows the state of air bubbles in the concrete when the conditions are changed in the example. [Figure 15]This figure shows the state of air bubbles in the concrete when the conditions are changed in the example. [Figure 16] This figure shows the state of air bubbles in the concrete when the conditions are changed in the example. [Figure 17] This figure shows the state of air bubbles in the concrete when the conditions are changed in the example. [Figure 18] This figure shows the state of air bubbles in concrete under different conditions in another embodiment of the examples. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0016] The following will describe in detail, with reference to the drawings, a bubble micronization and defoaming apparatus to which the present invention is applied. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following examples and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the invention. 1. Significance of fluctuating inertial forces 2. Bubble miniaturization and defoaming device

[0017] <1. Significance of fluctuating inertial forces> Before describing the bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, the significance of applying a variable inertial force using this apparatus will be explained. The bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention applies a variable inertial force to a fluid and controls the variable inertial force by at least one or more conditions selected from the following, depending on the physical and / or chemical attributes of the fluid and / or the physical and / or chemical attributes of the bubbles to be miniaturized before miniaturization: the amplitude of the variable inertial force, the number of fluctuations per unit time, the number of fluctuations or time, or the acceleration during fluctuation. By applying a variable inertial force to the entire fluid, bubbles present inside and on the surface of the fluid can be miniaturized and / or defoamed to a size that does not cause problems in terms of appearance and quality. The variable inertial force applied to the fluid is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be generated by irregularly or randomly displacing the fluid, and acted upon the fluid during processes such as positive acceleration or negative acceleration (deceleration) during displacement, or during a change of direction.

[0018] In the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is important to impart inertial force to the fluid itself, in particular to impart a repeated inertial force. For example, it is not effective to inject (irradiate) (ultrasonic) waves using a sound source device such as the one described in Patent Document 3. In the case of sound waves, when vibrating the fluid, the fluid itself acts as the medium for propagating the waves. Therefore, depending on the properties of the objects constituting the fluid, such as specific gravity and viscosity, the waves are attenuated, the medium stops vibrating, and as a result, the fluid also stops vibrating. Furthermore, if the fluid is composed of multiple objects, differences in size, specific gravity, mass, etc., will cause some objects to vibrate and others not depending on the conditions of the sound waves. This prevents a uniform effect from being applied to the entire fluid, and thus prevents the application of a bubble-breaking effect to the entire fluid. In particular, when the vibrated fluid contains multiple solid objects of various shapes, masses, and specific gravities, the input sound waves are scattered at each surface and interface, and / or attenuated by viscous resistance, etc., resulting in the problem that the waves do not spread throughout the entire volume of the fluid.

[0019] In contrast, in the bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, inertia is applied almost uniformly to the entire volume of the fluid, giving an inertial force to all the objects constituting the fluid. Depending on the physical and / or chemical attributes of the fluid and / or the physical and / or chemical attributes of the bubbles to be miniaturized, the variable inertial force is controlled by one or more conditions selected from the fluctuation range of the variable inertial force, the number of fluctuations per unit time, the time or number of fluctuations to be repeated, and the acceleration. By applying an inertial force suitable for miniaturizing bubbles to the vicinity of the bubbles, the bubbles on the surface and inside the fluid can be miniaturized by the difference between this force and the inertial force generated in the bubbles themselves. This makes it possible to efficiently manufacture aesthetically pleasing and high-quality products. Of course, the inertial force applied to the fluid, which is the oscillating body, does not necessarily have to be reciprocating; it may be a regular inertial force, an irregular force, or something intermediate between regularity and irregularity.

[0020] The means of applying a fluctuating inertial force are not particularly limited, but for example, they may be configured to obtain a fluctuating inertial force by centrifugal force in a rotating system in which the direction of rotation is repeatedly alternating, or they may be applied by oscillation or vibration. In the case of oscillation or vibration, the range of fluctuation of the fluctuating inertial force corresponds to the amplitude, the number of fluctuations per unit time corresponds to the frequency, and the time for repeated fluctuations corresponds to the vibration time.

[0021] In this invention, "fluid" refers to a liquid, a powder, a granule, or a solid having fluidity, such as a powder-granule mixture, that has viscosity sufficient to retain air bubbles internally, or a mixture of a liquid and a solid. Examples of fluids include sherbet-like, jelly-like, paste-like, gel-like, slurry-like, viscous fluids, mixtures of multiple objects, and mixtures thereof. In the case of a mixture of multiple objects, the multiple objects may be mixed in a variety of forms with diverse properties, shapes, sizes, specific gravities, hardness, and relative abundances, or they may be mixed in a balanced manner. Furthermore, the paste-like fluid may be a hybrid or irregular state containing elements such as a so-called pendular form in which a mixture of liquid and gas is surrounded by solids in the form of powder or granules or solids larger than granules, a so-called phenicular form in which a liquid containing air bubbles is surrounded by solids in the form of powder or granules, and / or a so-called capillary form in which a liquid without air bubbles is surrounded by solids in the form of powder or granules. In one embodiment of the present invention, a fluid or mixture that is highly viscous in which air bubbles are retained inside is preferred.

[0022] A bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to fluids that solidify due to their own reactions. When a fluid is solidified while containing bubbles, the bubbles remain as voids or depressions within the solidified body. By applying the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to the present invention, the bubbles in the fluid are micronized to a size that does not cause problems in terms of appearance and quality. This eliminates the problem of large voids remaining inside the solidified body or depressions forming on the surface even after solidification. Here, quality refers to the required characteristics among strength, rigidity, elasticity, mass distribution, density, homogeneity, etc., that define the properties of the fluid or solidified body after bubble micronization or defoaming. In particular, it is preferable that the bubbles are micronized or defoamed in such a way that the required characteristics meet the required level.

[0023] In the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to apply a fluctuating inertial force so as to be distributed almost uniformly throughout the entire fluid. One method for applying a uniform fluctuating inertial force is to vibrate the entire bubble miniaturization and defoaming device that holds the fluid. As described above, the vibrator described in Patent Document 1 can only apply vibration locally, and if the fluid is a viscous body, it is not possible to vibrate or oscillate the entire device, and therefore it is not possible to sufficiently eliminate bubbles. For this reason, it is preferable to apply vibration or oscillation uniformly to the entire fluid.

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the direction in which a variable inertial force is applied to a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to apply the variable inertial force in the vertical direction with respect to the fluid 11, that is, in the z-axis direction in Figure 1. Since gravity acts in the vertical direction, applying a variable inertial force in the same direction as gravity makes it possible to more efficiently miniaturize and eliminate bubbles 12, and it is also possible to move the bubbles vertically upward and push them outwards. However, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention does not exclude the application of a variable inertial force in the horizontal direction, and an inertial force may be applied in the x-axis direction or y-axis direction in Figure 1, or in a direction that combines the x-axis and y-axis. Furthermore, in addition to the vertical inertial force, an inertial force in the horizontal direction may also be applied. Furthermore, in addition to applying variable inertial forces in the vertical and / or horizontal directions, the vibrated body may be rotated in the vertical plane or in the horizontal plane. In this case, the separation of multiple components and objects constituting the fluid can be reduced. Furthermore, the method of applying inertial force to the fluid is not limited to fluctuations in acceleration along a single axis, but may also be configured to apply fluctuating centrifugal force by rotating the entire fluid while regularly or irregularly changing its rotational direction.

[0025] Regarding a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the mechanism by which bubbles are miniaturized will be explained below with reference to Figures 2 to 4. In Figures 2 to 4, the direction of the fluctuating inertial force coincides with the z-axis in Figure 1, and the vertical direction also coincides with the vertical direction in Figure 1. Furthermore, in this explanation, a fluctuating inertial force is applied to a fluid by monotonic and reciprocating motion as an example, but the motion is not limited to monotonic and reciprocating motion.

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the first mechanism of bubble refinement in a bubble refinement and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. Bubbles 20 in the fluid are formed by the addition of tension Fs (hereinafter referred to as "interfacial tension") acting at the interface between the fluid and the bubbles. Therefore, in a bubble refinement and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, by applying a fluctuating inertial force to the bubbles and the fluid surrounding the bubbles, pressure is applied to the bubbles by an inertial force Fi (in particular, the inertial force acting on the fluid components surrounding the bubbles, which is proportional to the mass of the elements constituting the fluid surrounding the bubbles, when the direction of the fluctuating inertial force changes. To explain in detail, the up-and-down motion of the fluid, which is synchronized with monotonous and reciprocating motion, involves repeated upward acceleration, upward deceleration, downward change of direction, downward acceleration, downward deceleration, and upward change of direction. During this repeated acceleration and deceleration, an inertial force Fi is applied to the bubble 20 (Figure 2(A)). At this time, by applying vibrations such that the magnitude of the inertial force Fi is greater than the interfacial tension Fs or the collapse resistance force described later, the bubble 20 can be deformed (Figure 2(B)), and ultimately, a single bubble 20 in the fluid can be divided into multiple bubbles 20A, 20B, and miniaturized (Figure 2(C)). By repeating this miniaturization, the bubbles in the fluid are reduced to a size that does not cause problems in terms of appearance and quality, and the bubbles in the fluid can be made to disappear without being visible to the naked eye.

[0027] Thus, in the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, bubbles are collapsed by the inertial force difference resulting from the mass difference between the bubbles and the fluid by applying a fluctuating inertial force, and further division is promoted to higher-order bubble division, such as secondary bubble division, tertiary bubble division, etc., and as a result the bubbles are miniaturized, the disappearance effect is obtained by reaching a desired size. At this time, the total volume of the bubbles does not change much before and after higher-order bubble division, and the bubbles may remain in the fluid in a miniaturized state. Therefore, it is considered that the fine bubbles produced as a result of progressing higher-order bubble division below a predetermined level can be made into entrained air, for example, with a diameter of about 25 to 250 μm.

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the second mechanism of bubble refinement in relation to a bubble refinement and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The second mechanism of bubble refinement mainly functions when the fluid contains solids in the form of powder or granules. For example, this is the case when concrete is manufactured, which contains cement paste, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, etc. For convenience, the use of the bubble refinement and defoaming device for concrete will be explained as an example, but of course, the bubble refinement and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.

[0029] When a fluctuating inertial force is applied, the fluid 30 instantaneously enters a near-weightless state at the midpoint between the peaks of the applied monotonic reciprocating motion. Specifically, when the fluid 30 changes its direction of motion from upward to downward and begins to accelerate downward, matching the velocity of the fluid 30's free fall, it enters a near-weightless state. At this time, the frictional force due to gravity acting between the large-diameter coarse aggregates 31a and small-diameter coarse aggregates 31b (coarse aggregates 31) that make up the fluid 30, the fine aggregates 32 present between the coarse aggregates 31, and the cement paste 33 interposed between these coarse aggregates 31 and fine aggregates 32 becomes almost zero (Figure 3(A)). In the next instant, when the vibration peak is reached (the position where the direction of motion of the fluid 30 changes from downward to upward), these coarse aggregates 31, fine aggregates 32, and cement paste 33 are rearranged as a distribution in contact with each other. In this process, the frictional force acting between them gradually fluctuates toward its maximum value, resulting in a weaker frictional force in the intermediate stages, i.e., a liquid-phase rather than solid-phase flow state, flowing toward a more stable state with lower potential energy (Figure 3(B)). This flow occurs around the bubble 34 as a flow in from the fluid 30 into the bubble 34, mainly consisting of cement paste 33 and fine aggregate 32. The incoming bubble 34 shifts toward being filled, and on the incoming fluid 30 side, an exchange occurs between the fluid and the gas that was in the bubble 34. If such fluid / gas exchange flow occurs in one place for a single bubble 34, the original bubble collapses, and the gas is displaced further upward, resulting in the bubble 34 appearing to have moved upward. Furthermore, if fluid / gas exchange flow occurs in multiple places for a single bubble 34, the original single bubble 34 appears to have split into multiple smaller bubbles, each of which is displaced upward. Through this chain reaction of fluid collapse, the bubbles are either reduced to smaller particles or reach the top and escape the fluid 30 completely.

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third mechanism of bubble refinement in a bubble refinement and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Bubbles 41 may exist that are not eliminated by the first and second mechanisms of bubble refinement in the fluid 40 described above. However, such bubbles 41 are almost nonexistent in mortar that does not contain coarse aggregate. Therefore, it is considered that the main cause of bubble 41 generation is the presence of coarse aggregate 42. In other words, it is thought that bubbles 41 may exist in close proximity to coarse aggregate 42, and that there are voids surrounded by several coarse aggregates 42, trapping air in these coarse aggregates 42. Bubbles 41 with such a configuration are formed by coarse aggregates 42 with relatively similar densities gathering together, and mortar (fine aggregate 43 and cement paste 44) with a similar density to these coarse aggregates 42 acting as a binder. From this, it is considered that bubbles 41 do not collapse, or are extremely difficult to collapse, by the first and second mechanisms. An effective mechanism for the disappearance of bubbles 41 with this configuration is to apply resonant vibrations of their natural frequency to the coarse aggregate 42 that constitutes the bubbles 41.

[0031] In reality, bubbles are thought to be miniaturized as a combination of the first, second, and third mechanisms. Here, we will explain in more detail the setting of conditions for applying a fluctuating inertial force in a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the following explanation, we will mainly keep the first mechanism in mind, but parts that are applicable to the second and third mechanisms may be appropriately substituted. As mentioned above, in order to miniaturize bubbles, it is necessary to apply a force greater than the force acting on the bubbles to maintain their state (hereinafter referred to as the "bubble collapse resistance force"), i.e., an inertial force, to the bubbles by vibration, shock, centrifugal force (however, it is often not possible to collapse bubbles by applying an inertial force such as a steady centrifugal force. Therefore, it is preferable to create a non-steady state by accelerating the angular velocity).

[0032] The collapse resistance force of a bubble is parameterized by the viscosity of the fluid, its specific gravity, the mass of its constituent elements, the size of the bubble, the interfacial tension of the bubble, the internal pressure of the bubble, and, in the case of a solid-liquid mixture fluid containing aggregate-like solids, the presence of gas trapped by the engagement between the solids and the degree of gas enclosure by the solids. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately set or estimate this force depending on the type of fluid and / or the size, shape, and form of the bubble. In the variable inertial force according to one embodiment of the present invention, the variable inertial force is controlled so that a force exceeding the collapse resistance force of the bubble is applied to the bubble.

[0033] The variable inertial force to be applied is not particularly limited, but as an example, we will explain using simple harmonic motion.

[0034] The amplitude is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be about one-tenth or more of the bubble diameter, and preferably about the same as or less than the bubble diameter. If the amplitude is too small or too large, the inertial force applied to the fluid will be insufficient, weakening the force that collapses the bubbles, resulting in insufficient force to reduce the size of the bubbles, or applying excessive excitation energy, which is energetically inefficient and may lead to the separation of the components of the fluid, which is unreasonable. Furthermore, if the fluid is a mixture of multiple materials with different specific gravities, applying excessive vibration may cause the components to separate. As the bubbles gradually split and become smaller by applying vibration, the amplitude may be gradually reduced over time.

[0035] Incidentally, if the inertial force on the entire fluid system is constant, then the force per unit area acting throughout the system, i.e., the surface pressure, can be considered to be roughly constant. Therefore, large-diameter bubbles have a large surface area, and the force acting on their entire surface is relatively large, while small-diameter bubbles have a small surface area, and the force acting on their entire surface is relatively small. In other words, small-diameter bubbles are less likely to collapse than large-diameter bubbles. Thus, it is preferable to increase the acceleration that gives rise to the inertial force as the bubbles subdivide by applying an inertial force to the fluid, thereby increasing the inertial force. In this case, if the amplitude is gradually decreased to match the target bubble size, the acceleration can also be increased by increasing the frequency accordingly.

[0036] Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, vibration can be controlled by frequency. The frequency is not particularly limited, but for example, vibration of about 10 to 90 Hz may be applied. If the frequency is too high, it is undesirable because there is a risk that the components will separate if the fluid is composed of multiple components with different specific gravities. Also, as mentioned above, as the bubbles gradually become smaller when vibration is applied, the frequency may be set to gradually increase accordingly.

[0037] Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, vibration can be controlled by vibration time or vibration frequency. The vibration time is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be in the range of 10 seconds to 10 minutes. When a fluid solidifies, it is necessary to set the vibration conditions so that the miniaturization of bubbles is completed before the solidification reaction is finished. Also, if the vibration is continued for more than a certain period of time, depending on the conditions, some bubbles may remain without being extinguished, which will lead to a loss of energy input, so it is preferable to stop the vibration after the required time.

[0038] Thus, the vibration is controlled by one or more conditions selected from amplitude, frequency, and vibration time, depending on the type of fluid and / or the size of the bubbles. If the bubbles split due to vibration and become smaller than a certain size, the previous amplitude and frequency may not be able to further reduce the size of the bubbles. Therefore, the amplitude and frequency may be controlled simultaneously according to the elapsed vibration time so that even small bubbles are subjected to an acceleration G that sufficiently exceeds the bubble's resistance to collapse.

[0039] Up to this point, we have described the case of manufacturing processed concrete molded products as an example, but of course, the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to purposes other than concrete manufacturing. The present invention is not limited in any way by the type of fluid, mixing ratio, production volume, etc., and the fluid should be configured to appropriately provide a variable inertial force to the device or equipment used, depending on its type.

[0040] The concrete mentioned above includes not only concrete that can be hardened by adding water, fillers, and ordinary aggregates to cement, but also Roman concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, and polymer concrete. It also includes mortar using only fine aggregates and cement paste that does not use aggregates. Any aggregate that is commonly used in concrete or is conventionally known can be used, and sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed glass, rubble, artificial materials, and waste can be used. Furthermore, the cement is not particularly limited, and for example, Portland cement, Roman cement, and resin cement can be used.

[0041] A bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention is suitably usable for so-called concrete secondary products. For example, it can be applied to piles, pipes, slabs, retaining walls, deck slabs, floor slabs, wall railings, concrete blocks, box culverts, arch culverts, culverts, Hume pipes (pipes made of reinforced concrete), flumes, cable troughs, utility tunnels, curtain walls, exterior walls, concrete bridges, bridge girders, tunnel segments (shield tunnels), water distribution pipes, drainage pipes, storage tanks, water tanks, drainage manholes, street manholes, radioactive waste containers, nuclear shelters, utility poles, pavement (roads), side ditches, side ditch covers, manholes, assembled manholes, manhole covers, box manholes, boundary blocks, curbs, wheel stops, foundation blocks, interlocking blocks, vegetation blocks, protective fences, sheet piles, soundproofing materials, wave-dissipating blocks, revetment blocks, railway sleepers, and objects (statues). Furthermore, in addition to the examples mentioned above, this method can be suitably applied to a variety of other products, such as products molded using molds (precast products). For example, it can be applied to all kinds of products, including artificial stone and marble, tiles, ceramics, porcelain, drainage ditch members, covers, toilets, tombstones, torii gates, bronze statues, Buddhist statues, plaster statues and plaster products, glass products, castings and die-cast products of various metals such as iron-based, aluminum-based, and copper-based materials, and products manufactured by solidifying and molding fluids. By applying the bubble refinement method according to one embodiment of the present invention to remove bubbles, it is possible not only to improve the appearance but also to prevent a decrease in strength due to the occurrence of voids, thereby providing high-quality products.

[0042] Furthermore, the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to chemical products such as two-component mixed resins like epoxy resin, silicone, rubber, cosmetics such as lipstick and mascara, soap, colored pencils, paints and other coatings, sealants, lubricants, and conductive agents. In other words, it is not necessarily limited to materials that solidify, but can also be applied to materials that have a viscosity such that bubbles are retained inside.

[0043] Furthermore, the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied not only to industrial products but also to food manufacturing processes. For example, the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to processes that involve mixing and solidifying materials, such as when making tofu by adding nigari (magnesium chloride) to soy milk. This makes it possible to provide food products such as tofu with a fine surface texture and superior appearance, free from depressions or cavities caused by bubbles that were mixed in during solidification. In addition to tofu, it can also be applied to the manufacture of processed foods such as kamaboko (fish cake), konjac, candy, and honey. By removing bubbles using the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible not only to improve the appearance but also to improve the uniformity of the volume and mass distribution, and to prevent oxidative deterioration caused by the inclusion of bubbles, thereby providing high-quality products.

[0044] Thus, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention is applicable to the manufacture of various fluid processing products as described above.

[0045] <2. Bubble miniaturization and defoaming device> Next, a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. Figure 5A(A) is a schematic diagram showing an example of a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. One aspect of the present invention is a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 50a for applying a variable inertial force to a fluid, comprising at least a receiving section 53a as a mold for receiving the fluid, and a variable inertial force applying mechanism 54a for applying a variable inertial force to the received fluid, wherein the variable inertial force applying mechanism 54a controls the variable inertial force according to one or more conditions selected from the fluctuation range of the variable inertial force, the number of fluctuations per unit time, the time for repeated fluctuations, or the number of fluctuations, depending on the type of fluid and / or the size of the bubbles.

[0046] The variable inertial force can be applied to the fluid in the vertical direction (up and down direction), i.e., in the z-axis direction in Figure 5A(A), as in the embodiments described later. However, this does not exclude the horizontal variable inertial force. As shown in Figure 5A(B), the variable inertial force may also be applied in the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, or a combination of the x and y axes. Furthermore, the combined direction of these variable inertial forces may be a combination of the front-to-back (x-axis direction), left-to-right (y-axis direction), and up-and-down (z-axis direction), and these do not necessarily have to be reciprocating motion. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 5B(C), in addition to applying the vertical and / or horizontal variable inertial force, or separately and independently, the receiving part may be rotated in the vertical plane or in the horizontal plane. The rotational motion may be elliptical motion, and it may be such that a similar rotational motion occurs when viewed from the front. In all cases, the posture of the receiving part is maintained while moving, and this is described as so-called translational motion, but it does not necessarily have to be translational motion.

[0047] By using the bubble micronization and defoaming device 50a according to one embodiment of the present invention to drive the receptor 53a and applying a substantially uniform and substantially uniform fluctuating inertia to the entire fluid within the receptor 53a, an inertial force is applied to the entire object constituting the fluid, thereby micronizing or defoaming the bubbles on the surface and inside the fluid, and enabling the efficient production of aesthetically pleasing, high-quality products. On the other hand, in the case of large concrete products formed with formwork, there are many that have a large mass of nearly 20 tons. If such a large mass is to be shaken using the formwork with the bubble micronization and defoaming device 50a described above, a huge device would be required, and there is a risk that the vibrations from that device will propagate to the surrounding area and cause vibration damage to the surrounding region.

[0048] Therefore, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 50 according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a supply section 51 to which a fluid is supplied and / or a discharge section 52 to which the fluid is discharged, as shown in Figure 5B(D). For example, if the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 50 according to one embodiment of the present invention has a bottomed shape with an open top and functions as a mold, it will have only a supply section 51 (the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 50a described above). Also, if the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 50 according to one embodiment of the present invention has a function of storing a fluid like a reservoir, it will have only a discharge section 52. Alternatively, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 50 according to one embodiment of the present invention will have both a supply section 51 and a discharge section 52. Hereinafter, the case in which both a supply section 51 and a discharge section 52 are included, that is, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 50 used mainly when applying a fluctuating inertial force when supplying a fluid and / or when pouring a fluid into a mold, etc., will be described as an example. Of course, in the case of a bubble micronization and defoaming device 50 according to one embodiment of the invention having only a supply unit 51, for example, a fluctuating inertial force is applied after the fluid is poured into the bubble micronization and defoaming device 50, which serves as a mold.

[0049] For example, the fluid is introduced into the supply section 51 of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 50, passes through the receiving section 53 between the supply section 51 and the discharge section 52, and is subjected to a variable inertial force by the variable inertial force application mechanism 54 during a certain period of time until it is discharged from the discharge section 52. As described above, by applying a variable inertial force to the fluid, the bubbles in the fluid can be miniaturized.

[0050] The variable inertial force application mechanism 54 may include, for example, a drive unit, a connecting unit connecting the drive unit and the receiving unit 53, and a control unit that controls the movement of the drive unit. The drive unit is not particularly limited, but for example, it may be an electromagnetic drive source. If an electromagnetic drive source is used, the fluctuation range of the variable inertial force, the number of fluctuations per unit time, and the time or number of fluctuations for repeated fluctuations can be controlled relatively easily. The control unit may be able to change these parameters as appropriate according to the state of bubbles contained in the fluid and the elapsed time. Of course, the drive unit according to one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to one that is an electromagnetic drive source, but may also be configured to mechanically apply a variable inertial force by means of a spring, motor, hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic system, or a combination thereof.

[0051] The driving operation of the receiving part 53 for imparting a variable inertial force to the fluid may be such that the motion produced by the drive unit is directly transmitted to the receiving part 53, or the motion of the drive unit may be converted into a predetermined motion at the connection part and then transmitted to the receiving part 53. For example, if the receiving part 53 is to be subjected to oscillation, and the drive unit outputs a linear reciprocating motion, the connection part may directly connect the drive unit and the receiving part 53, or if the drive unit outputs a rotational motion, the connection part may be configured to include a conversion mechanism that converts rotational motion into linear motion and then connected to the receiving part. Furthermore, when changing the oscillation amplitude of the oscillation, the operation of the drive unit may be changed controllly, or the connection part may be configured to change it mechanically.

[0052] The receiving section may have an expandable and contractible structure, or it may be made of a flexible material. Figure 6(A) is a schematic diagram showing another example of a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 60a according to one embodiment of the present invention similarly includes a receiving section 63a for receiving a fluid and a variable inertial force application mechanism 64a for applying a variable inertial force to the received fluid. The receiving section 63a may include a supply section 61a for supplying the fluid and a discharge section 62a for discharging the fluid. The receiving section 63a may be made of an expandable and / or flexible material. With such a configuration, it is easier to guide the fluid to the desired discharge point, and by applying a variable inertial force to the fluid during guidance, the bubbles in the fluid can be miniaturized, making it efficient.

[0053] Figure 6(B) shows another example of a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The receiving section 63b may have a configuration that allows it to be connected to fixed passages 67 and 68, respectively, via, for example, expandable and retractable movable passages 65 and 66. The receiving section 63b has, for example, a desired rigidity. The receiving section 63b comprises a supply section 61b into which a fluid is supplied and a discharge section 62b into which the fluid is discharged, and the supply section 61b and / or the discharge section 62b are connected to the fixed passages 67 and 68, respectively, via movable passages 65 and 66, which are formed, for example, bellows or the like.

[0054] Figures 7A and 7B are cross-sectional views illustrating several aspects of the supply section of a bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. The supply section 71a of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention has a supply port 710a, as shown in Figure 7A(A), for example, and the fluid is introduced from the supply section 71a into the interior of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus. Then, a variable inertial force is applied to the fluid by a variable inertial force application mechanism during a certain period of time until the fluid is discharged from the discharge section of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming apparatus.

[0055] The supply unit 71b of the bubble miniaturization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a planar bottom portion 711b, a side portion 712b erected vertically from its periphery, a supply port 713b penetrating vertically near the center of the bottom portion 711b, and an inlet 710b extending vertically from around the supply port 713b into the receiving portion, as shown in Figure 7A(B). With this configuration, the supply unit 71b can widely accept the fluid, the amount of fluid flowing into the receiving portion can be adjusted, and the fluid can be prevented from scattering to the outside. The side portion 712b and / or the inlet 710b are not essential components, or the side portion 712b and / or the inlet 710b may be inclined with respect to the vertical direction.

[0056] The supply section 71c of the bubble micronization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a planar opening 710c that is inclined and widens upward and outward from around the supply port 712c, as shown in Figure 7A(C). The supply section 71c may also have an inlet 711c. With this configuration, the supplied fluid is more easily guided into the receiving section. The angle of the opening 710c is not particularly limited and may be steep.

[0057] Furthermore, the supply unit 71d of the bubble miniaturization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a substantially bowl-shaped planar opening 710d that is curved upward and outward from around the supply port 712d, as shown in Figure 7A(D). The supply unit 71d may also have a side portion and / or an inlet 711d erected at its end. With this configuration, the supplied fluid is more easily guided into the receiving unit along the substantially bowl-shaped opening 710d. Note that the fastest descent line may be selected as this curved line to promote a faster flow.

[0058] Furthermore, the supply unit 71e of the bubble micronization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a substantially trumpet-shaped planar opening 710e that is curved upward and outward from around the supply port 711e, as shown in Figure 7A(E). The supply unit 71e may have a side portion and / or an inlet erected at its end. Alternatively, the inlet may be configured to curve along the opening 710e. With such a configuration, the supplied fluid is more easily guided into the receiving section along the substantially trumpet-shaped opening 710e.

[0059] Alternatively, the supply unit 71f of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have an opening 710f that narrows upward from the periphery of the supply port 712f to approximately the same diameter as the inlet 711f, as shown in Figure 7A(F). Such an opening 710f may have a connection mechanism that allows it to be further connected to a liquid supply pipe or the like (pipe, hose, etc.). With this configuration, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can introduce a fluid directly from, for example, a reservoir storing a fluid, and can control the flow rate of the fluid. The inlet 711f is optional.

[0060] Furthermore, the supply port does not necessarily have to be just one. For example, as shown in Figure 7B(G), the supply unit 71g of the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have two or more supply ports 710g1 and 710g2. Such a configuration is effective, for example, when it is necessary to mix and supply multiple fluids. Alternatively, elements of an inappropriate size can be excluded. As another configuration, the supply unit 71h of the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be provided with a dividing unit 711h, as shown in Figure 7B(H), so that one opening is divided into multiple openings 710h1 and 710h2, and each opening is connected to its respective supply port 712h1 and 712h2.

[0061] Next, the connection configuration between the supply unit and the receiving unit in the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7B(I), the side portion 711i of the supply unit 71i and the side portion 731i of the receiving unit 73i are approximately the same width, and the supply unit 71i and the receiving unit 73i are connected without any gaps. Alternatively, the width of the side portion 731i of the receiving unit 73i may be narrower than the width of the side portion 711i of the supply unit 71i. This is because the fluid flows in from the supply port 710i of the supply unit 71i, so the opening side of the receiving unit 73i does not necessarily need to have a width greater than or equal to the supply port 710i. Therefore, the width of the side portion 731i on the supply unit side of the receiving unit 73i may be approximately the same as the width of the supply port 710i of the supply unit 71i. Alternatively, in the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7B(J), the width of the side portion 731j on the supply portion side of the receiving portion 73j may be wider than the width of the side portion 711j of the supply portion 71j. In this case, a gap is formed between the supply portion 71j and the receiving portion 73j. Such a configuration can be applied, for example, when the width of the side portion 731j of the receiving portion 73j is wide and the supply portion 71j does not need to be so wide. By forming a gap between the supply portion 71j and the receiving portion 73j, air or the like can be introduced through the gap. Furthermore, gases escaping from the fluid being oscillated in the receiving portion can also be discharged through the gap. Such gaps may be formed between the supply section and the receiving section, for example, when the width of the side surface 731j of the receiving section 73j is narrower than the width of the side surface 711j of the supply section 71j, or when the width of the side surface 731j on the supply section side of the receiving section 73j is approximately the same as the width of the supply port 710j of the supply section 71j. Furthermore, as shown in Figures 7B(I) and (J), by providing the supply ports 710i and 710j near the approximate center of the upper surface of the receiving sections 73i and 73j, with a width narrower than the width of the side surfaces 731i and 731j of the receiving sections 73i and 73j, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the adhesion of the fluid supplied from the supply ports 710i and 710j to the inner surfaces of the side surfaces 731i and 731j of the receiving sections 73i and 73j. This prevents the problem of the fluid being difficult to discharge and also has the advantage of being able to impart a variable inertial force to the fluid quickly and smoothly.At this time, the shape of the side portions 711i and 711j of the supply portions 71i and 71j may be an inclined shape or a curved shape as shown in Figures 7A(C) to (E).

[0062] Next, the configuration of the receiving portion in the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. The receiving portion 73k of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention has a hollow shape so that a fluid can pass through it, and is formed by side portions 731k of substantially the same width, for example, as shown in Figure 7B(K). Then, for example, a variable inertial force is applied to the fluid in the receiving portion 73k by a variable inertial force application mechanism. The receiving portion 73l of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be conical in shape, as shown in Figure 7B(L), with the width of the receiving portion 73l widening toward the discharge portion. In this case, the side portion 731l of the receiving portion 73l has a horizontal cross-sectional area at the lower end opening that is larger than the horizontal cross-sectional area at the upper end opening. Alternatively, the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower end opening may be smaller than that of the upper end opening, but in this case, it is necessary to ensure that the fluid does not clog at the discharge portion, as will be described later.

[0063] Furthermore, the receiving portion 73m of the bubble miniaturization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be widened so that the side portion 731m on the discharge portion side of the receiving portion 73m is wider, as shown in Figure 7C(M). This would further prevent clogging of the fluid in the discharge portion. Of course, a configuration that widens the supply portion side is also not excluded.

[0064] Furthermore, the receiving portion 73n of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a substantially zigzag side surface, as shown in Figure 7C(N), such that the side surface portion 731n repeatedly shrinks and expands in diameter. Alternatively, the receiving portion 73o of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a substantially wavy side surface, as shown in Figure 7B(O), such that the side surface portion 731o repeatedly shrinks and expands in diameter. With such a configuration, the fluid passes through the receiving portion slowly, so that a fluctuating inertial force can be applied over a relatively long period of time. The shape of the side surface may also be substantially barrel-shaped, substantially drum-shaped, or substantially bellows-shaped. In addition, the size of the upper end opening and the lower end opening may be changed in each case.

[0065] Furthermore, in the receiving portion 73p of the bubble miniaturization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the side portion 731p may be formed at an inclination with respect to the vertical plane, as shown in Figure 7C(P). In this case, the upper side portion 732p and the lower side portion 731p can be formed to overlap at least partially in the vertical direction (between perpendiculars P1 and P2) in the vertical cross-section. With such a configuration, the supplied fluid is not discharged directly from the outlet but is guided along the side portion, and the path length from the upper end opening to the lower end opening of the receiving portion can be increased without changing the height from the upper end opening to the lower end opening, so that a variable inertial force can be applied for a relatively long period of time.

[0066] Furthermore, the receiving portion 73q of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a stepped side portion 731q, as shown in Figure 7C(Q). In this case, the horizontal flat portion 732q may be inclined. Also, the receiving portion 73r of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be formed so that the width of the side portions 731r and 732r on both sides gradually widens, as shown in Figure 7C(R). Alternatively, the receiving portion 73s of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be curved as a whole, as shown in Figure 7D(S), so that the width of the side portions 731s and 732s on both sides gradually widens from one to the other. Also, the receiving portion 73t of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a part of the receiving portion 73t curved horizontally, as shown in Figure 7D(T). By using such configurations, a fluctuating inertial force can be applied over a relatively long period of time by diverting the flow of the fluid.

[0067] Furthermore, the receiving portion 73u of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be formed in a cylindrical shape, as shown in Figure 7D(U), with a spiral slope 733u formed inside it. Also, the receiving portion 73v of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be formed by alternately protruding canopies 733v and 734v from the left and right sides, as shown in Figure 7D(V), which slope toward the center from the inner circumference of the receiving portion 73v. The tips of the left and right canopies 733v and 734v may or may not extend beyond the center. That is, when viewed from the vertical direction, the left and right canopies 733v and 734v may or may not overlap.

[0068] Furthermore, the receiving section 73w of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to branch into two below the receiving section 73w, as shown in Figure 7D(W). Of course, there may be more than two branches. Also, the receiving section 73x of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to divide the fluid path into two by providing a partition wall 733x between the two side sections 731x and 732x of the receiving section 73x, as shown in Figure 7D(X). In this case, the area below the partition wall 733x may be shorter or longer than the side sections 731x and 732x.

[0069] Figures 8A and 8B are cross-sectional views illustrating several configurations of the discharge section of a bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The discharge section 82a of the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can have a horizontally formed bottom section 822a with an outlet 820a at the lower end of the side section 821a, as shown in Figure 8A(A). In this case, the bottom section 822a may be inclined downward, or its inclination angle may be increased. Furthermore, such a discharge section 82a may have a connection mechanism that allows it to be connected to a liquid supply pipe (pipe, hose, etc.). Alternatively, the bottom section may be inclined upward, i.e., towards the inside of the receiving section, or the device may be configured without a bottom section. For example, by setting the size of the outlet 820a such that the discharge volume (volume flow rate) of the fluid from the discharge section 82a is less than the amount introduced from the supply section (volume flow rate), the fluid can be sufficiently filled into the receiving section and remain in the bubble micronization and defoaming device for a predetermined time, during which time a variable inertial force can be applied.

[0070] The discharge section 82b of the bubble miniaturization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a configuration in which the end of the discharge section 82b expands outward, as shown in Figure 8A(B). By having an expanded section 822b at the lower end of the side section 821b without forming a bottom section, it is possible to prevent the fluid from clogging the discharge section. In this case, the expanded section 822b may be formed to be horizontal outward, or the expanded section 822b may be inclined to curve upward.

[0071] Alternatively, the discharge section 82c of the bubble micronization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a substantially inverted bowl-shaped planar opening 822c that is curved downward and outward from the lower end of the side section 821c, as shown in Figure 8A(C). The opening 822c can also be designed to conform to the shape of the opening, for example, when the discharge destination of the fluid has a protruding opening.

[0072] Furthermore, the discharge section 82d of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be configured to have a planar bottom section 822d at the lower end of the side section 821d, as shown in Figure 8A(D). By having a planar bottom section 822d, the discharge section 82d of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can, for example, be self-supporting, or the opening 820d can be stably held near the bottom surface of the discharge destination.

[0073] Furthermore, in cases where the bottom portion 822a is not provided in Figure 8A(A), or in configurations without a bottom portion as shown in Figures 8A(B) to (D), by setting the cross-sectional area and cross-sectional shape of the receiving portion to a desired size and shape, taking into consideration the viscosity of the fluid and its adhesion to the inner surface of the receiving portion's side surface, the fluid flowing into the receiving portion adheres to the inner surface of the receiving portion's side surface, suppressing its falling speed and causing it to accumulate near the discharge port. This makes it possible to apply a nearly uniform and nearly consistent fluctuating inertial force to the entire accumulated fluid in response to the oscillation of the receiving portion.

[0074] Furthermore, the discharge section 82e of the bubble micronization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a plurality of discharge ports 820e1 and 820e2 formed on the bottom surface 822e, as shown in Figure 8A(E). Of course, the position and number of discharge ports 820e1 and 820e2 are not limited to this embodiment. With such a configuration, the fluid can be discharged in a dispersed manner from multiple discharge ports, thereby preventing the fluid from concentrating in one place. The bottom surface 822e may be roughly V-shaped with the center protruding upward (towards the inside of the receiving section), or the protrusion may be a curved shape that is convex upward. By having such a shape, it is possible to prevent the fluid from accumulating on the bottom surface 822e. Of course, the bottom surface 822e may also be a curved shape that is convex downward.

[0075] Furthermore, in the discharge section 82f of the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, an outlet 820f may be formed below the side section 821f, as shown in Figure 8A(F). The bottom section 822f may have a shape in which the central part protrudes upward and the slope gradually becomes gentler towards the outside. Outlets 823f are also formed on both sides of the bottom section 822f. With this configuration, the fluid is distributed to the left and right or around the bottom section 822f and discharged from the side section outlets 820f and bottom section outlets 823f formed on the left and right sides, respectively. Alternatively, in the discharge section 82g of the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8B(G), both ends of the bottom section 822g extend to the outlet 820g on the side section 821g side, and no outlet is formed on the bottom surface. Furthermore, in the discharge section 82h of the bubble micronization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8B(H), both ends of the bottom section 822h extend beyond the discharge port 820h on the side section 821h, and a discharge port may not be formed on the bottom surface. In this case, the bottom sections 822f, 822g, and 822h may be substantially flat in the horizontal direction. By adopting such a structure, for example, when discharging a fluid near the bottom surface of the mold, it becomes possible to retain the fluid in the receiving section, making it possible to impart a certain amount of oscillation to the fluid, and since the fluid is discharged from the side, the mixing of entrapped air due to falling can be further prevented. A fluctuating inertial force may be applied, for example, in the horizontal direction.

[0076] Furthermore, the discharge section 82i of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have two discharge ports 820i1 and 820i2, for example, as shown in Figure 8B(I). With such a configuration, for example, the fluid can be discharged evenly in multiple directions. The horizontal cross-sectional areas of the two divided discharge ports 820i1 and 820i2 can be the same as or larger than the cross-sectional area before division. Alternatively, the discharge section 82j of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a horizontal bottom surface of the branch section 822j, and the upper part curved such that the central part protrudes upward and the slope gradually becomes gentler towards the outside, as shown in Figure 8B(J), and the side portion 821j around the branch section 822j may curve outward along the branch section 822j. Also, depending on the shape of the branch section, it may be curved inward instead. And of course, in each form, the number of discharge ports may be three or more, or they may be formed over the entire circumference.

[0077] Furthermore, the discharge section 82k of the bubble miniaturization defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be configured as shown in Figure 8B(K) by, for example, forming the receiving section in a cylindrical shape, forming the bottom section 822k with a horizontal bottom surface and a central section that protrudes upward, and forming the discharge port 820k on the left and right or around the entire circumference below the side section 821k. In this case, the discharge port 823k may also be formed on the left and right or around the entire circumference on the bottom section 822k side.

[0078] Specific examples of such discharge sections are shown in Figures 8C(L) to (O). For example, in the discharge section 82l of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8C(L), the receiving section 83l is cylindrical and the bottom section 822l is shaped like a roughly triangular prism lying on its side, so that discharge ports 820l can be formed on both sides of the bottom. With this configuration, the fluid is distributed to the left and right at the bottom section 822l and discharged from the discharge ports 820l formed on both sides of the bottom. The left and right sides of the bottom section 822l may be shorter than the sides of the receiving section 83l to form the discharge port 823l. Alternatively, in the discharge section 82m of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8C(M), the receiving section 83m may be rectangular and the bottom section 822m may be shaped like a roughly triangular prism lying on its side.

[0079] Alternatively, in the discharge section 82n of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8C(N), if the receiving section 83n is cylindrical, the bottom surface 822n can be made conical, thereby forming discharge ports 820n in all directions circumferentially at the bottom of the receiving section 83n. With this configuration, the fluid is distributed in all directions circumferentially at the bottom surface 822n and discharged from the discharge ports 820n formed in all directions circumferentially. Furthermore, in the discharge section 82o of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8C(O), if the receiving section 83o is rectangular, the bottom surface 822o can be made pyramidal, thereby forming discharge ports 820o in all directions circumferentially at the bottom of the receiving section 83o. With this configuration, the fluid is distributed in all directions circumferentially at the bottom surface 822o and discharged from the discharge ports 820o formed in all directions circumferentially. Of course, it is also possible to make the receiving part cylindrical and the base part pyramidal, or vice versa. Each base part may be formed so that the slope becomes gentler from the apex outward, or it may be configured so that multiple grooves extend circumferentially from the apex outward in a spiral or gradually widening manner. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8C(P), each face of the base part may be curved both inward and outward. The cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical part of the receiving part and the base shape of the base part may be the same or similar. Also, if the cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical part and the base shape of the base part are polygonal, the number of each angle does not necessarily have to be the same, and the circumferential positions of each angle may correspond or be offset.

[0080] In Figure 8C(O), the receiving portion is shown in a cross-sectional view where the bottom portion 822o is separated from the receiving portion body 821o, which consists of side portions, etc. However, the bottom portion 822o may be suspended from the center of the receiving portion body 821o and fixed to the receiving portion body 821o, or it may be supported by extending support pieces from each top of the lower end of the bottom portion 822o toward each top of the lower end of the receiving portion body 821o, or it may be supported by extending support pieces from the center of each side of the bottom surface of the bottom portion 822o toward the center of each piece of the lower end of the receiving portion body 821o, or the support pieces may be extended so as to sag downwards. The bottom portion 822o is not particularly limited as long as it can be fixed to the receiving portion body 821o. Alternatively, the bottom portion 822o may be driven separately from the receiving portion body 821o without being connected to it. The receiving unit body 821o (receiving unit + supply unit, or receiving unit only) may be driven without moving the bottom portion 822o, the bottom portion 822o and the receiving unit body 821o may be driven separately, or only the bottom portion 822o may be driven.

[0081] Up to this point, we have explained several examples of discharge section configurations. When designing a discharge section, it is important to create a structure that allows fluid to accumulate but does not cause clogging. As mentioned above, fluid may contain solids in the form of fine aggregate or coarse aggregate. If the size of the discharge opening is smaller than the size of the supply opening of the receiving section, the space between solids that was available near the supply opening will disappear near the discharge opening, causing the solids to come into contact with each other and clog. Therefore, for example, as shown in Figures 8D(Q)~(S), if the size of the discharge opening is the same as or larger than the size of the supply opening of the receiving section, the space between solids near the supply opening will be the same or larger near the discharge opening, maintaining the space between solids and preventing clogging. In addition, if openings are also provided on the sides, fluid will be discharged from the sides as well, further reducing the likelihood of fluid clogging. Furthermore, even if the size of the discharge opening of the receiving section is smaller than the size of the supply opening, if there is sufficient space between the solids near the supply opening, the spacing between the solids will be maintained near the discharge opening, preventing clogging. In addition, the inner and outer surfaces of the receiving section may be given properties such as water repellency, hydrophilicity, or lipophilicity by applying a coating or fine irregularities, thereby improving the fluidity when fluids adhere to them.

[0082] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention may include a support portion for supporting the bubble micronization and defoaming device. The support portion is used, for example, when a filling device equipped with the bubble micronization and defoaming device is inserted into the inside of a formwork or the like. Figures 9(A) to 9(C) are cross-sectional views illustrating several aspects of the support portion of the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The support portion 91a of the bubble micronization and defoaming device 90a according to one embodiment of the present invention can be configured to be suspended from the ceiling C, for example, as shown in Figure 9(A). Alternatively, it may be configured to be suspended from a feeding device such as a bucket used during concrete manufacturing, or it may be configured to be suspended from a lifting machine such as a crane. Alternatively, the support portion 91b of the bubble micronization and defoaming device 90b according to one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to be supported on a formwork 92b, for example, as shown in Figure 9(B), and the support portion 91c of the bubble micronization and defoaming device 90c according to one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to be supported against the ground G, for example, as shown in Figure 9(C).

[0083] The presence of a support makes it easy to adjust the position of the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device. In the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the discharge part is supported close to the bottom surface of the formwork or the like. This is because the distance the fluid discharged from the discharge part falls can be made as short as possible, and the mixing of entrapped air can be further prevented. Furthermore, if the fluid is being discharged, the discharge part can be positioned to come into contact with the fluid inside the formwork, so that the fluid discharged from the discharge part does not fall into the formwork. At this time, the discharge part may also be raised in accordance with the rise in the liquid level of the fluid inside the formwork. Of course, if a liquid supply pipe such as a tube is connected to the discharge part, the tip of the liquid supply pipe may also be brought into contact with the fluid inside the formwork.

[0084] Furthermore, the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention may have an avoidance section to avoid contact with structures inside the formwork. Figure 10A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention having an avoidance section. For example, in the case of concrete manufacturing, structures such as reinforcing bars may be placed inside the formwork. The bubble micronization and defoaming device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention may have an avoidance section 105 to avoid such structures. With this configuration, it becomes possible to insert the bubble micronization and defoaming device 100 closer to the bottom surface of the formwork while avoiding structures such as reinforcing bars and pipes, so that the distance the fluid discharged from each discharge section 1021, 1022, and 1023 falls can be made as short as possible, and the mixing of entrapped air can be further prevented.

[0085] Figure 10B shows another modified example of a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Up to this point, the receiving portion has been described as mainly having a side portion, but a side portion is not necessarily required for the receiving portion. For example, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 100a according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a bottom portion 101a and a shaft portion 102a, as shown in Figure 10B(A), and a fluctuating inertial force can be applied by oscillating the shaft portion 102a. Such a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 100a can be applied, for example, to fluids with high viscosity that do not easily flow out to the outside even without a side portion, and the movement of the highly viscous fluid is not hindered by the side portion. Alternatively, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 100b according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a side portion 103b only near the bottom portion 101b, as shown in Figure 10B(B). In this case, one or more holes 104b may be provided in the side portion 103b so that the fluid to which a fluctuating inertial force is applied can be discharged to the outside.

[0086] Furthermore, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 100c according to one embodiment of the present invention may also include a roof portion 103c in addition to the bottom portion 101c and the shaft portion 102c, as shown in Figure 10B(C). The roof portion 103c, for example, has through holes for the fluid to pass through and is positioned to cover the top of the bottom portion 101c. Such a configuration is effective in preventing the fluid from scattering upwards when the fluid is oscillated vertically to apply a fluctuating inertial force, and it is also possible to apply a fluctuating inertial force to the fluid in the space between the roof portion 103c and the bottom portion 101c.

[0087] Furthermore, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 100d according to one embodiment of the present invention may have, in addition to the bottom portion 101d and the shaft portion 102d, a rotating portion 103d formed to rotate around the shaft portion 102d upward from the bottom portion 101d, as shown in Figure 10B(D). Alternatively, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 100e according to one embodiment of the present invention may have, in addition to the bottom portion 101e and the shaft portion 102e, a configuration in which a plurality of hollow discs 103e and 105e are attached to the shaft portion 102e above the bottom portion 101e by a plurality of spokes 104e and 106e, respectively, as shown in Figure 10B(E). Alternatively, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device 100f according to one embodiment of the present invention may have, in addition to the bottom portion 101f and the shaft portion 102f, a cylindrical portion 103f that covers at least a part of the shaft portion 102f, as shown in Figure 10B(F). These configurations can also serve as a guide function and / or a function to prevent excessive splashing of fluids, for example, when providing a variable inertial force in the rotational direction in addition to vertical oscillation, or independently.

[0088] Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, the variable inertial force may be controlled by setting additional conditions other than those described above in the variable inertial force application mechanism. For example, the variable inertial force can be controlled to facilitate miniaturization by changing the interfacial tension and internal pressure of the bubbles inside the fluid by heating or cooling the fluid. Alternatively, pressure may be applied or depressurized when the variable inertial force is applied. In addition, an impact may be applied to the fluid by applying an impulse and / or impact when the variable inertial force is applied. When an impact is applied to the fluid, the bubbles in the fluid are subjected to impulsive pressure and become more prone to collapse. Impulses can be generated by making the vibration applied to the fluid a waveform such as a square wave or a sawtooth wave. Alternatively, a shock wave may be applied. Impacts can also be realized by configuring the system so that an object vibrating together with the fluid collides with the vibrated fluid and the object that is displaced relative to it.

[0089] Here, we will describe the usage of a bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a process in which a variable inertial force is applied to a fluid in a bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Here, as an example, we will take the case in which ready-mixed concrete is solidified in a formwork to produce concrete. Note that Figure 11A is a diagram for explaining the usage, and the size, shape, and scale between each component are not necessarily limited to what is shown in Figure 11A.

[0090] The prepared fluid 111 is poured, for example, into a mold 113. That is, ready-mix concrete 111 is poured from a bucket 112 into the mold 113. Conventionally, because it was poured from a predetermined height, entrapped air was generated when the fluid (ready-mix concrete) 111 fell into the mold 113.

[0091] Therefore, when injecting the fluid 111 into the mold 113, a bubble micronization and defoaming device 114 according to one embodiment of the present invention is used to introduce the fluid 111 into the mold 113 while applying a variable inertial force F. That is, the bubble micronization and defoaming device 114 introduces the fluid (fresh concrete) 111 from the inlet 115 of the bucket 112 to near the bottom surface 116 inside the mold 113, and applies a variable inertial force F to the fluid 111 until the fluid 111 is discharged from the bubble micronization and defoaming device 114. It is preferable that the bubble micronization and defoaming device 114 is designed to apply the most suitable variable inertial force to the bubbles contained in the fluid 111 based on the above conditions. Furthermore, the bubble micronization and defoaming device 114 may be appropriately varied according to the degree to which the fluid 111 is filled into the mold 113. This makes it possible to refine the bubbles on the surface and inside the fluid, and also prevents the inclusion of entrapped air, resulting in the efficient production of aesthetically pleasing, high-quality products. Furthermore, this bubble refinement and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be suitably applied in cases where the volume and weight of the formwork are large, such as in the production of precast concrete, and it is difficult to apply variable inertial force to the formwork itself. In addition to variable inertial force, by applying local vibration to the receptor, the sliding resistance between the inner surface of the receptor and the fluid 111 can be reduced, thereby improving the fluidity of the fluid 111 to the receptor. As a configuration for applying local vibration and / or impact to the receptor, a configuration in which a local vibration and / or impact device is provided at one or more locations on the outer surface of the receptor can be considered. For example, a vibration motor or the like can be provided on the outer surface. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 11B, the local vibration and / or impact device 110b can be configured to consist of a hollow bottomed cylindrical portion 111b and a movable body 113b housed in the hollow portion 112b. The cylindrical portion 111b is, for example, cylindrical, and the movable body 113b is, for example, spherical. The cylindrical portion 111b is attached to the outer circumferential surface 115b of the receiving portion on the side opposite to the bottom portion 114b, and in this case, the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical portion 111b is tilted relative to the outer circumferential surface 115b of the receiving portion such that the bottom portion 114b side is positioned above the mounting portion 116b.A wall portion 117b parallel to the bottom portion 114b is formed on the mounting portion 116b side of the hollow portion 112b. The movable body 113b is formed to be slightly smaller in diameter than the hollow portion 112b and is movable within the hollow portion 112b in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical portion 111b between the bottom portion 114b and the wall portion 117b. By providing such a local vibration and / or shock-applying device 110b, for example, by swinging the receiving portion up and down and / or left and right, the movable body 113b inside the cylindrical portion 111b moves, and local vibration and / or shock can be applied. The local vibration and / or shock-applying device may be positioned above, below, or in the center of the receiving portion, and there may be one or more devices, and if there are multiple devices, they may be arranged to surround the outer surface of the receiving portion.

[0092] Of course, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the manufacture of precast concrete. For example, even in the case of cast-in-place concrete, by introducing a fluid (fresh concrete) via means that apply the variable inertial force as described above, the bubbles are miniaturized, resulting in the production of aesthetically pleasing and high-quality concrete products. Furthermore, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention is also applicable to products molded using formwork other than that of concrete. Depending on the type and properties of the fluid, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device may also be equipped with a mechanism for degassing or pumping the fluid when introducing it into the formwork.

[0093] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a process for applying a variable inertial force to a fluid in a bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention, when the fluid 121 is poured from the storage unit 122 into the mold 123 through the introduction pipe 125 by the liquid supply mechanism 124, a variable inertial force F can be applied to the introduction pipe 125. For example, the storage unit 122 is a mixer truck, the liquid supply mechanism 124 is a pump truck, and the introduction pipe 125 is a pressure pipe. The liquid supply mechanism 124 is not necessarily required, and in some cases the fluid 121 may be sent by the action of gravity based on the difference in height, etc. The variable inertial force F by the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device may be applied to the fluid 61 inside the introduction pipe 125 from the outside, or the variable inertial force F may be applied to the fluid 121 inside by the operation of the introduction pipe 125 itself. The material of the introduction pipe 125 is not particularly limited as long as it can impart a variable inertial force F to the internal fluid 121; it may be a flexible tube, a steel pipe, or a plastic pipe. Furthermore, the bubble micronization and defoaming device according to one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to concrete floor pouring as shown in Figure 12, but can also be applied to wall pouring and ceiling pouring. [Examples]

[0094] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited in any way to the following examples.

[0095] The following describes the procedure for preparing test specimens, the vibration procedure, and the procedure for summarizing the recording when ready-mixed concrete is selected as the fluid. Of course, as mentioned above, the present invention is not limited in any way by the type of fluid, mixing ratio, production amount, etc., in the example, and the fluid may be prepared appropriately according to ISO, JIS, etc. standards, work procedures, protocols, recipes, etc., depending on its type. Also, the vibration procedure and recording procedure are merely examples. In this example, the bubble miniaturization and defoaming device is replaced with a formwork.

[0096] [Step 1] Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water were thoroughly mixed in the weight ratios shown in Table 1 to prepare ready-mix concrete. [Table 1] [Step 2] A cylindrical concrete specimen mold, 100 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height, was placed in a dedicated mold holder. [Step 3] Approximately 2 kg of pre-mixed ready-mix concrete, the required weight, was poured into the formwork. [Step 4] The conventional procedure involves thoroughly leveling the injected ready-mix concrete with a tamping rod. However, applying the process of stirring and leveling with a tamping rod can result in some air bubbles remaining and others not, depending on the mixing method. Furthermore, it can affect the size of the remaining air bubbles, making quantification difficult. Additionally, when measuring the miniaturization of air bubbles, if the original air bubbles are defoamed too much by stirring, the objective of measuring the miniaturization effect and defoaming effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, the stirring process with a tamping rod was not performed. As a result, in step 4, polystyrene foam pieces were placed between the formwork and a dedicated formwork holder, and the outer surface of the dedicated formwork holder was struck with a wooden mallet to indirectly apply minute impact vibrations to the ready-mix concrete, which is a fluid substance injected into the formwork, so that the ready-mix concrete would spread evenly throughout the formwork. [Step 5] The specimen was used in this uncured state. When applying vibrations, the specimen, along with its mold, was placed on the vibration stage of the vibration exciter and fixed to the vibration stage. [Step 6] In this state, simple harmonic motion in the vertical direction was applied to the test specimen according to pre-set vibration conditions. [Step 7] After vibration, the fluid, along with its formwork, was promptly removed from the vibration stage and allowed to stand in a non-vibrational system for a sufficient curing period. [Step 8] During demolding, the mold was placed on a table, and the specimen was removed from the mold by tearing the mold along the half-cuts in the moldwork. [Step 9] The demolded specimen was placed on the center of a rotating stage, and while the rotating stage was rotated in the horizontal plane at predetermined rotation angles, the circumferential surface of the specimen was photographed from a fixed point in front of it each time, and photographs were taken and recorded over a distance equivalent to or greater than the entire circumference. [Step 10] For each test specimen, the circumferential images taken from the phase in which the largest number of bubbles remained were compiled into a table for each vibration condition.

[0097] With time kept constant, the total amplitude was excited in 0.5 mm increments from 1.0 to 5.0 mm for each frequency condition of 10, 20, and 30 Hz. The results are summarized in Figure 13. As can be seen from Figure 13, under excitation conditions of 1 [G] or less or close to 1 [G], the bubbles are hardly subdivided and remain as they were originally. Also, when an acceleration above a certain level is applied, the large bubbles that should have originally existed are gone, while subdivided, relatively small bubbles remain. Note that the amplitude here refers to the total amplitude (peak to peak), which is equivalent to twice the amplitude in the usual sense.

[0098] Next, for vibration conditions with a total amplitude of 3.5 mm at frequencies of 20 Hz and 30 Hz, which are conditions in Figure 13 where bubbles were relatively finely miniaturized, the excitation time was increased in 30-second intervals from 30 seconds to 60 seconds, and in 60-second intervals from 60 seconds to 300 seconds. The results are summarized in Figure 14. As can be seen from Figure 14, in the case of 20 Hz, it can be seen that the size of bubbles remaining at 30 seconds remained almost uniformly from 60 seconds to 300 seconds. In other words, even if a vibration of a certain amplitude, a certain acceleration, and a corresponding constant frequency is continuously applied, the larger bubbles (relatively large bubbles that were targeted before excitation) that were originally present are uniformly eliminated, but smaller bubbles below a certain size can remain.

[0099] Next, the previous step, in which the bubbles were relatively finely miniaturized under vibration conditions of 3.5 mm total amplitude at a frequency of 30 Hz for 30 seconds (as shown in Figure 13), was further subjected to a subsequent step where the total amplitude was reduced to 0.4 mm while the frequency was set to an appropriate value from 30 Hz to 262 Hz, and the mixture was subjected to another 30 seconds of vibration. The results are summarized in Figure 15. As can be seen from Figure 15, although some degree of miniaturization or defoaming appears to have occurred in parts, it is actually thought that bubbles of the size remaining in the previous step remain after the subsequent step. In other words, it can be seen that if the amplitude during excitation is too small compared to the bubble size, even if a vibration with a significantly high frequency or acceleration is applied, the bubbles will not be miniaturized or defoamed.

[0100] Furthermore, in Figure 13, the vibration conditions were such that bubbles were relatively finely miniaturized, with a frequency of 20 Hz and a total amplitude of 3.5 mm, i.e., an acceleration of 2.8 [G]. In Figure 14, the vibration conditions were applied for a sufficient excitation time, i.e., 180 seconds, as the preceding step. Subsequently, in a vibration condition where the acceleration remained constant at 2.8 [G], the total amplitude was reduced from 1.8 mm to 1.0 mm in 0.2 mm increments, and excitation was performed for an additional 120 seconds as the subsequent step. The results are summarized in Figure 16. As can be seen from Figure 16, the acceleration was set to 2.8 [G] in both the preceding and subsequent steps, which is moderately larger than 1 [G]. The amplitude of the subsequent step was set to about half that of the preceding step. As a result, although the bubbles were subdivided from the largest size bubbles that would have remained in the unexcited state in the preceding step, it can be seen that the bubbles of the size that remained as subdivided bubbles underwent further subdivision almost uniformly after the subsequent step, resulting in miniaturization. On the other hand, it was found that even finer bubbles remained in all the test specimens that had gone through different processes. In other words, bubbles so small that they did not react under vibration conditions with an amplitude of approximately 1.0 mm to 1.8 mm remained. To further refine these fine bubbles, vibrations with an even smaller amplitude and an acceleration above a certain level should be applied.

[0101] Furthermore, in Figure 16, the relatively large bubbles in the specimen with an amplitude of 1.8 mm in the subsequent process are persistent bubbles that remain even after the preceding and subsequent processes. Such persistent bubbles that can remain without being refined are rarely observed, especially when the vibrated fluid is a paste-like fluid containing fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. To break down this type of persistent bubble, it is effective to destroy the bubble-trapping structure formed by the aggregate surrounding the persistent bubble, particularly the coarse aggregate. For this purpose, it is preferable to apply vibrations at the natural frequency of the coarse aggregate, which is an element of the bubble-trapping structure, to induce resonance.

[0102] Next, the previous step, which involved 180 seconds of vibration under conditions of a total amplitude of 3.5 mm at a frequency of 30 Hz, i.e., an acceleration of 6.3 [G], where the bubbles were relatively finely miniaturized as shown in Figure 13, was further subjected to a second step, where the total amplitude was reduced to 1.8 mm (about half of the amplitude in the previous step) while maintaining an acceleration of 6.3 [G], with a frequency of 42 Hz, and the mixture was vibrated for 120 seconds. The results are summarized in Figure 17. As can be seen from Figure 17, the acceleration in both the previous and second steps was set to 6.3 [G], which is well greater than 1 [G], and the amplitude in the second step was set to about half of that in the previous step. As a result, although the bubbles were subdivided from the largest size bubbles that would have remained in the unexcited state in the previous step, it can be seen that the bubbles of the size that remained as subdivided bubbles underwent further subdivision almost uniformly after the second step, resulting in miniaturization. Of course, a close examination of the surface reveals the remaining micronized bubbles, which are the result of sufficient micronization. The size of these remaining micronized bubbles is less than 0.7 mm, which is well acceptable for concrete products. Furthermore, as can be seen from the results in Figures 16 and 17, assuming appropriate vibration conditions, it is effective to gradually reduce the vibration conditions, namely the amplitude, to match the target bubble size as the excitation time progresses, while transitioning the vibration frequency to maintain the acceleration above a certain level.

[0103] In another example, a fluid consisting only of cement, fine aggregate, and water, without coarse aggregate, was injected into a rectangular formwork. Immediately afterward, vertical vibrations with a total amplitude of 2.0 mm and a frequency of 30 Hz were applied to each formwork to induce vibration, and the results are summarized in Figure 18. In this example, since there is no coarse aggregate in the fluid, it can be seen that if vibration is continued for a predetermined time or longer, the bubbles are reduced to a level that is almost invisible, resulting in defoaming. [Explanation of symbols]

[0104] 11 Fluid, 12 Bubbles, 13 Formwork, 20 (20A, 20B) Bubbles, 30 Fluid, 31 Coarse aggregate, 32 Fine aggregate, 33 Mortar, 34 Bubbles, 40 Fluid, 41 Bubbles, 42 Coarse aggregate, 43 Mortar, 50, 60a, 60b, 100 Bubble micronization and defoaming device, 51, 61a, 61b, 101 Supply unit, 52, 62a, 62b, 1021, 1022, 1023 Discharge unit, 53, 63a, 63b, 103 Guiding unit, 54, 64a, 64b, 104 Variable inertia force application mechanism, 65, 66 Movable passage, 67, 68 Fixed passage, 71a~d Supply unit, 82a~d Discharge unit, 90a~c Air bubble miniaturization and defoaming device, 91a~c Support section, 92a~c Formwork, 105 Avoidance section, 111 Fluid (ready-mix concrete), 112 Bucket, 113 Formwork (mold), 114 Means for applying variable inertial force, 115 Inlet, 116 Bottom, 121 Fluid, 122 Storage section, 123 Formwork, 124 Liquid transfer mechanism, 125 Inlet pipe

Claims

1. A process of supplying a fluid to a receiving section, A step of applying a fluctuating inertial force of more than twice the Earth's gravitational acceleration (2G) to the above-mentioned receiving section, with a variation range of more than one-tenth of the diameter of the bubbles to be defoamed and less than or equal to the said diameter, The process of stopping the application of the above-mentioned variable inertial force and molding within the above-mentioned receiving part, The process includes solidifying the fluid within the receiving section, During the process of applying the variable inertial force described above, the variable inertial force is controlled according to the physical attributes of the fluid and / or the bubbles, by one or more conditions selected from the number of fluctuations per unit time, the time or number of fluctuations repeated, and the acceleration, so that it matches the velocity of the free fall of the fluid, the fluid instantaneously passes through a state of motion close to weightlessness, and the difference in inertial forces generated between the bubbles and the fluid causes an inertial force to be applied to the fluid that exceeds the collapse resistance of the bubbles. The above fluid is concrete, A method for manufacturing a precast concrete product, characterized by reducing the fluctuation range according to the size of the collapsed air bubbles and transitioning the number of fluctuations so as to maintain an acceleration of 2G or more above a certain level.

2. A process of supplying a fluid to a receiving section, A step of applying a fluctuating inertial force to the fluid supplied to the above-mentioned receiving section with a variation range of at least one-tenth of the diameter of the bubbles to be defoamed and approximately the same as the said diameter, and with an acceleration of at least twice the Earth's gravitational acceleration (2G). The process involves using the above-mentioned fluctuating inertial force to promote the discharge of the fluid from the receiving part and filling the mold with the fluid, The process includes solidifying the fluid inside the above-mentioned mold, The above fluid is concrete, During the process in which the above-mentioned variable inertial force is applied, for a certain period of time until the fluid passes through the receiving section and is discharged, the variable inertial force is controlled to match the velocity of the free fall of the fluid, so that the fluid momentarily passes through a state of motion close to weightlessness, and the difference in inertial forces between the bubbles and the fluid causes an inertial force to be applied to the fluid that exceeds the collapse resistance of the bubbles, and A method for manufacturing a precast concrete product, characterized by reducing the fluctuation range according to the size of the collapsed air bubbles and transitioning the number of fluctuations so as to maintain an acceleration of 2G or more above a certain level.

3. The method for manufacturing a precast concrete product according to claim 2, characterized in that the fluid flows within the receiving portion so as to be supplied from the upstream side of the receiving portion and discharged from the downstream side, and the variable inertial force is applied when the fluid flows within the receiving portion.

4. The method for manufacturing a precast concrete product according to claim 2, characterized in that the fluid is discharged from at least a portion of the area surrounding the bottom surface of the receiving portion.

5. A method for manufacturing a precast concrete product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the variable inertial force is simultaneously and uniformly applied to the entire fluid.

6. A method for manufacturing a precast concrete product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by applying the variable inertial force in the vertical and / or horizontal direction.

7. A method for manufacturing a precast concrete product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the variable inertial force is controlled according to one or more conditions selected from the viscosity, specific gravity, and size of the bubbles of the fluid.

8. A method for manufacturing a precast concrete product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the variable inertial force is controlled by simultaneously controlling the amplitude of the variation and the number of variations in accordance with the passage of the repeated variation time or the number of variations.

9. The process of applying the aforementioned variable inertial force comprises a pre-process and a post-process, A method for manufacturing a precast concrete product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the subsequent step has conditions such as the amplitude of the fluctuation of the fluctuating inertial force being smaller and the number of fluctuations per unit time being larger than that of the preceding step.

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