Cutting apparatus, cutting tool, and cutting method

Abstract

To provide a cutting processing device which includes a cutting tool that can continuously and suitably perform cutting processing on a cutting object under the existence of cutting fluid.SOLUTION: A cutting processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a cutting tool which can perform cutting processing on a cutting object under the existence of cutting fluid including a carbon component; and an oxidizer ejection part which can eject at least one of the oxidizer in the vapor state and the oxidizer in the plasma state toward the cutting tool in the time of cutting processing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a cutting device, a cutting tool, and a cutting method.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, a mode of cutting a workpiece such as a work using a cutting tool or the like has been known. At the time of cutting using such a cutting tool, a cutting oil agent can be used to reduce tool friction and the like.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Here, the inventors of the present application have found that when cutting a workpiece using a cutting tool in the presence of a cutting oil agent, a carbon component contained in the cutting oil agent enters the cutting tool, and this carbon component combines with a transition metal component which is a constituent component of the cutting tool, and brittle metal carbides may be formed. The formation of such brittle metal carbides may lead to breakage of the cutting tool. Therefore, it may become difficult to continuously and suitably cut the workpiece.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool capable of continuously and suitably cutting a workpiece in the presence of a cutting oil agent, a cutting device provided with the cutting tool, and a cutting method.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] To achieve the above object, in one embodiment of the present invention, A cutting apparatus is provided, comprising a cutting tool capable of cutting a workpiece in the presence of a cutting fluid containing carbon components, and an oxidant ejection unit capable of ejecting at least one of a vaporized oxidant and a plasma-like oxidant toward the cutting tool during cutting.

[0007] To achieve the above objective, in one embodiment of the present invention, A cutting tool that is used in the presence of a cutting fluid containing carbon components and is capable of cutting a workpiece, A cutting tool is provided in which the intrusion of the carbon component into the interior is suppressed or in which the carbon component is not present inside.

[0008] To achieve the above objective, in one embodiment of the present invention, A method for machining a workpiece using a cutting tool in the presence of a cutting fluid containing carbon components, A method is provided in which, during cutting, at least one of a vaporized oxidizing agent and a plasma-like oxidizing agent is ejected toward the cutting tool. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to continuously and effectively cut a workpiece in the presence of a cutting fluid. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cutting machine according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a built-up edge. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cutting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the plasma generation section. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cutting apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6]Figure 6 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool with adherents according to Example 1. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool without adherents according to Example 1. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool before the start of cutting. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool according to Example 2. [Figure 10] Figure 10 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool according to Comparative Example 1. [Figure 11] Figure 11 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of another cutting tool according to Comparative Example 1. [Figure 12] Figure 12 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the worn part (region 001) of the cutting tool according to Comparative Example 2. [Figure 13] Figure 13 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the worn part (region 003) of the cutting tool according to Comparative Example 2. [Figure 14] Figure 14 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the non-worn part (region 002) of the cutting tool according to Comparative Example 2.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] [Cutting Processing Apparatus] Hereinafter, a cutting processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0012] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cutting processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, the basic configuration of the cutting processing apparatus 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Thereafter, the characteristic parts of the present invention will be described.

[0013] As shown in FIG. 1, a cutting device 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a cutting tool 20 capable of cutting a workpiece 10 and a support portion 30 that supports the workpiece 10. By cutting the workpiece 10 using the cutting tool 20, a workpiece having a predetermined shape can be formed. A cutting fluid 40 can be used during cutting with the cutting tool 20 to reduce tool friction and the like.

[0014] The workpiece 10 can be steel (i.e., alloy steel) containing a certain amount or more of alloying elements other than iron and carbon. Specifically, the workpiece 10 can contain a material of a transition metal element. For example, the workpiece 10 can contain a material of at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron as the main component and chromium, nickel, copper, molybdenum, and tungsten as sub-components.

[0015] As an example, the workpiece 10 can be stainless steel containing iron as the main component and chromium as a sub-component, such as SUS403 or SUS430. As another example, the workpiece 10 can be stainless steel containing iron as the main component and chromium / nickel as a sub-component, such as SUS304. Further, the workpiece 10 can be carbon steel containing iron as the main component and carbon as a sub-component.

[0016] As the cutting tool 20, a cemented carbide tool or the like can be used. For example, a cemented carbide end mill can be used. The constituent material of the cutting tool 20 can include WC (tungsten carbide) and / or TiC (titanium carbide), and Co (cobalt) as a binder.

[0017] As the support portion 30, for example, a bench lathe can be used. As the cutting fluid 40, one containing at least a carbon component can be used, and for example, a water-insoluble cutting fluid can be mentioned.

[0018] (The opportunity that led to the invention of the present invention) Here, when a workpiece 10 is cut using a cutting tool 20 in the presence of a cutting fluid 40, the inventors of the present invention have found that the carbon component contained in the cutting fluid 40 enters the cutting tool 20, and this carbon component combines with the transition metal component that makes up the cutting tool 20 to form brittle metal carbides, which can cause the cutting tool 20 to break.

[0019] (Features of the present invention) The inventors of the present invention have diligently studied solutions to suppress the formation of the above-mentioned brittle metal carbides. As a result, the inventors have come up with a technical idea to intentionally oxidize the carbon components contained in the cutting fluid 40 that are in contact with the cutting tool 20 or around the cutting tool 20 during the cutting process.

[0020] According to this technical concept, the above-mentioned carbon component is oxidized to carbon monoxide, etc., and because of its gaseous form, carbon monoxide, etc. can be removed, thus suppressing or avoiding chemical bonding with the transition metal component. As a result, the intrusion of the carbon component itself into the cutting tool 20 can be suppressed or prevented from occurring. Therefore, in this embodiment, the cutting tool 20 is characterized in that the intrusion of the carbon component into the interior is suppressed or that it does not contain a carbon component inside.

[0021] As a result, the formation of brittle metal carbides can be suppressed or avoided. Consequently, breakage of the cutting tool 20 can be suppressed. Therefore, in the presence of the cutting fluid 40, it is possible to continuously and effectively cut the workpiece 10 using the cutting tool 20.

[0022] To realize this technical concept, the cutting apparatus 500 according to one embodiment of the present invention further comprises, in addition to the cutting tool 20, an oxidizing agent ejection unit 50 for oxidizing the carbon component in the cutting fluid 40 in the presence of a cutting fluid containing a carbon component.

[0023] The oxidizing agent ejection unit 50 is capable of ejecting at least one of a vaporized oxidizing agent and a plasma-like oxidizing agent toward the cutting tool 20 during cutting. That is, when cutting a workpiece 10 using the cutting tool 20 in the presence of the cutting fluid 40, it is possible to eject at least one of the above-mentioned oxidizing agents toward the cutting tool 20.

[0024] In this specification, oxidizing agents in vapor state and / or plasma state may be collectively referred to as active oxidizing agents. As the oxidizing agent in vapor state, water vapor or hydrogen peroxide in vapor state can be used.

[0025] The ejection of the oxidizing agent allows the cutting fluid 40 in contact with or around the cutting tool 20 to come into contact with at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state. In other words, it becomes possible to perform cutting operations on the workpiece 10 while these are in contact with each other during the cutting process.

[0026] At least one of the above oxidizing agents can generate hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, at least one of the above oxidizing agents can function as an oxidizing agent for carbon components to oxidize carbon components. That is, during cutting, the carbon components are oxidized by at least one of the above oxidizing agents.

[0027] Since the carbon component is oxidized, the penetration of the carbon component itself into the cutting tool 20 is suppressed, so at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state can function as an inhibitor of carbon component penetration. That is, during cutting, the penetration of carbon component into the cutting tool 20 can be suppressed by at least one of the above oxidizing agents.

[0028] Furthermore, it is known that when cutting a workpiece 10 using a cutting tool 20, so-called built-up edges 600, mainly derived from cutting chips of the workpiece 10, adhere to the tip 21 of the cutting tool 20 (see Figure 2). The cutting chips are based on the workpiece 10, which contains transition metals, for example, iron as the main component. Therefore, when cutting the workpiece 10 in the presence of cutting oil 40 containing carbon components, the iron components in the cutting chips and the carbon components in the cutting oil may combine to form brittle metal carbides similar to those that can occur inside the cutting tool 20.

[0029] In this embodiment, at least one of a vaporized oxidizing agent and a plasma-state oxidizing agent is ejected toward the cutting tool 20 during cutting, causing the carbon component contained in the cutting fluid to be oxidized to carbon monoxide, etc., and the carbon monoxide, etc., can be removed due to its gaseous form. This makes it possible to suppress the chemical bonding of the carbon component itself with transition metals, such as the iron component as the main component, which are components of cutting chips located in contact with or around the cutting tool 20.

[0030] This means that at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state functions as an inhibitor of alloying between the cutting chips or cutting material cut from the workpiece 10 and the carbon component. In other words, during cutting, at least one of the above oxidizing agents makes it possible to suppress the alloying between the cutting material cut from the workpiece 10 and the carbon component.

[0031] As a result, the built-up edge 600 is less likely to be composed of brittle metal carbides, and repeated contact of the chipped built-up edge 600 with the cutting tool 20 during cutting can be suppressed. Therefore, in addition to suppressing the intrusion of carbon components themselves into the cutting tool 20, the bonding of carbon components themselves with the constituent materials of the cutting chip can suppress damage to the cutting tool 20. Specifically, if a part of the built-up edge 600 chips off, i.e., falls off, a so-called flank wear portion (a wear portion that has slipped under the rake face) is created, and if the entire built-up edge 600 chips off, i.e., falls off completely, the so-called rake face is stripped away, and crater wear may occur. In one embodiment of the present invention, the (partial / complete) detachment of the built-up edge can be suppressed by suppressing the intrusion of carbon components themselves into the cutting tool 20 and suppressing the bonding of carbon components themselves with the constituent materials of the cutting chip. As a result, the occurrence of the above-mentioned flank wear and crater wear can be suppressed.

[0032] In contrast to the previous embodiment (corresponding to Patent Document 1), which was a technical approach that utilized compressed air corresponding to the vaporized oxidizer mentioned above, under the premise that no cutting fluid was used, this embodiment differs in that it is a technical approach that solves problems caused by the carbon components contained in the cutting fluid, under the premise that a cutting fluid was used.

[0033] In another previous embodiment (corresponding to Patent Document 2), it is assumed that no coolant corresponding to the cutting fluid described above is provided during cutting, and that no heating fluid corresponding to the vaporized oxidizer described above is normally provided to the cutting tool. In contrast, this embodiment differs in that it is a technical approach to solve problems caused by the carbon components contained in the cutting fluid during cutting, while assuming the use of a cutting fluid.

[0034] Specific embodiments for ejecting a vaporized and / or plasma-state oxidizing agent toward the cutting tool 20 during the above-mentioned cutting process include, for example, the following three embodiments.

[0035] (1. Oxidizing agent ejection section 50: Oxidizing agent ejection section in vapor state) Below, we will first describe an example where the oxidizing agent ejection unit 50 is an oxidizing agent ejection unit 51 in a vapor state, that is, where the oxidizing agent ejection unit 50 is for ejecting an oxidizing agent in a vapor state (see Figure 1).

[0036] In this case, the oxidizer discharge unit 51 in the form of steam is connected to the steam generation unit 60 via a connecting pipe 70. The steam generation unit 60 is for generating the oxidizer in the form of steam. The connecting pipe 70 is configured to supply the oxidizer in the form of steam generated in the steam generation unit 60 to the oxidizer discharge unit 51 in the form of steam. A valve 80 is installed in the middle of the connecting pipe 70 to control the supply of the oxidizer in the form of steam.

[0037] With the above configuration, it becomes possible to eject the oxidizing agent in vapor state from the oxidizing agent ejection unit 51 toward the cutting tool 20 during cutting. For example, the temperature of the oxidizing agent in vapor state that can be ejected toward the cutting tool 20 can be between 90 degrees and 3000 degrees, for example, about 100 degrees.

[0038] (2. Oxidizing agent ejection unit 50: Oxidizing agent ejection unit in vapor state + plasma assist) Below, we will describe another example where the oxidizing agent ejection unit 50 is a vaporized oxidizing agent ejection unit 51, that is, where the oxidizing agent ejection unit 50 is for ejecting a vaporized oxidizing agent (see Figure 3).

[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a plasma generation unit.

[0040] As shown in Figure 3, another example where the oxidizing agent ejection unit 50 is a vaporized oxidizing agent ejection unit 51 is a plasma-assisted type.

[0041] In this case, a plasma generating unit 120 is provided. The plasma generating unit 120 has a nozzle 121 at its tip. This nozzle 121 is made of copper and functions as an anode nozzle. A cathode 122 made of rod-shaped tungsten is placed in the center of the nozzle 121. A tungsten tube 123 is inserted into the end of the nozzle 121 to prevent melting (see Figure 4).

[0042] The plasma generation unit 120 is electrically connected to the DC power supply unit 140. For example, a TIG welding machine can be used as the DC power supply unit 140. The plasma generation unit 120 is connected to the argon gas tank 90 via a connecting pipe 100 with a valve 110.

[0043] The connecting pipe 100 is configured to supply argon gas supplied from the argon gas tank 90 to the plasma generation unit 120. The valve 110 is installed to control the supply of argon gas passing through the inside of the connecting pipe 100.

[0044] The plasma generation unit 120 has the above configuration, and the anode is generated using the DC power supply 140. An arc discharge can be generated between the nozzle 121 and the cathode 122, and by narrowing the plasma produced by this arc discharge with a high-speed working gas, it is possible to eject it from a small hole opened in the center of the nozzle 121.

[0045] Furthermore, in order to prevent the nozzle 121 from melting during plasma generation, it is preferable to air-cool the nozzle 121 with an air compressor 150 during plasma generation.

[0046] In this embodiment, the plasma generation unit 120 is configured to supply plasma to the vaporized oxidizer ejected from the vaporized oxidizer ejection unit 51. That is, in this embodiment, the plasma is not directly applied to the workpiece 10. The plasma may be argon plasma.

[0047] Furthermore, the oxidizer discharge section 51 in the form of steam is connected to the steam generation section 60 via a connecting pipe 70 equipped with a valve 80. The connecting pipe 70 is configured to supply the oxidizer in the form of steam generated in the steam generation section 60 to the oxidizer discharge section 51 in the form of steam. The valve 80 is installed to control the supply of the oxidizer in the form of steam passing through the inside of the connecting pipe 70.

[0048] With the above configuration, plasma is supplied to the vaporized oxidizer ejected from the vaporized oxidizer ejection unit 51, so that a portion of the vaporized oxidizer can become plasma. As a result, a mixed oxidizer, consisting of a portion in plasma and a portion in vapor, can be ejected onto the cutting tool 20. For example, the temperature of the mixed oxidizer that can be ejected onto the cutting tool 20 can be between 90 degrees and 3000 degrees, for example, about 500 degrees.

[0049] (3. Oxidizing agent ejection section 50: Plasma-state oxidizing agent ejection section) The following describes an example where the oxidizing agent ejection unit 50 is a plasma-state oxidizing agent ejection unit 52, that is, where the oxidizing agent ejection unit 50 is for ejecting a plasma-state oxidizing agent (see Figure 1).

[0050] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cutting apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] In this case, the oxidizer ejection section 52 in a plasma state can be the nozzle 121B of the plasma generation section 120B, as plasma generation is required. The plasma generation section 120B is connected to the steam generation section 60 via a connecting pipe 70 with a valve 80.

[0052] The steam generation unit 60 is for generating an oxidizing agent in vapor form. Examples of an oxidizing agent in vapor form include water vapor. The connecting pipe 70 is configured to supply the oxidizing agent in vapor form generated in the steam generation unit 60 to the oxidizing agent ejection unit 52 in plasma form.

[0053] The plasma generation unit 120B is electrically connected to the DC power supply unit 140. The nozzle 121B, like the nozzle 121 described above, is made of copper and functions as an anode nozzle. A cathode made of rod-shaped tungsten is placed in the center of the nozzle 121B. A tungsten tube is inserted into the end of the nozzle 121B to prevent melting.

[0054] Since the plasma generation unit 120B has the above configuration, the anode is nodulated using the DC power supply 140. An arc discharge can be generated between the nozzle 121B and the cathode, and by narrowing the plasma produced by this arc discharge with a high-speed working gas, it is possible to eject it from a small hole opened in the center of the nozzle 121B.

[0055] In this embodiment, since the gas used for plasma generation is a vaporized oxidizing agent (e.g., water vapor), the plasma can be a water plasma or an alcohol plasma. Such plasmas can generate a large amount of hydroxyl radicals. Similarly, to prevent the nozzle 121B from melting during plasma generation, it is preferable to air-cool the nozzle 121 with an air compressor 150 during plasma generation.

[0056] With the above configuration, it becomes possible to eject the plasma-state oxidizing agent from the plasma-state oxidizing agent ejection unit 52 toward the cutting tool 20 during cutting.

[0057] Since the oxidizing agent itself in plasma state is at a very high temperature (approximately 100,000 degrees Celsius) when ejected from the nozzle, it is preferable to adjust the position of the plasma oxidizing agent ejection part 52 from the cutting tool 20. This allows, for example, the temperature of the plasma oxidizing agent that can be ejected to the cutting tool 20 to be between 30 degrees Celsius and 20,000 degrees Celsius, for example, approximately 500 degrees Celsius.

[0058] Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, this merely illustrates a typical example within the scope of application of the present invention. Therefore, those skilled in the art will easily understand that the present invention is not limited thereto and can be modified in various ways. [Examples]

[0059] The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0060] Example 1 The following cutting machine was used to perform cutting on the workpiece.

[0061] (conditions) ●Workpiece 10: SUS304 (Ni: 0.08%, Cr: 0.18%) round bar (φ16 mm) ●Cutting tool 20: Carbide tool manufactured by Toyo Associates Co., Ltd., product number 66716 (Cutting conditions) Feed rate 0.5 mm / s, depth of cut 0.2 mm, material peripheral speed 39.8~40.9 m / min (measured with a digital handheld tachometer (Ono Sokki HT-3200)), cutting time 50 s ●Support unit 30: Tabletop lathe (NEW ALTO, YD2500, manufactured by Alto Co., Ltd.) ●Cutting fluid 40: Water-insoluble cutting fluid (Yushilon Cut Arbus KZ522) ● Oxidizing agent ejection section 50: Sprays water vapor with a nozzle outlet temperature of approximately 100 degrees Celsius. ●Steam Generator 60: Heats water in a pressure tank to generate steam at a pressure of 1.0-2.0 MPa and a temperature of 190 degrees Celsius. It consists of a portable pressure tank, a pressure gauge, and three valves, allowing for the opening and closing of the high-temperature steam and adjustment of the flow rate.

[0062] (procedure) First, a 16 mm diameter round bar made of SUS304 (Ni: 0.08%, Cr: 0.18%) was mounted on a benchtop lathe, and cutting was performed using a cleaned, new carbide tool in the presence of cutting fluid. Before using the tool, it was ultrasonically cleaned for 10 minutes with acetone and 10 minutes with methanol, for a total of 20 minutes.

[0063] During the cutting process, steam was sprayed onto the carbide tool. Specifically, steam with a nozzle outlet temperature of approximately 100 degrees Celsius was sprayed onto the carbide tool at a rate of 10-20 L / min through a nozzle.

[0064] After machining, the morphology and component analysis of the tool surface were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL, JSM-6060) and an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS).

[0065] (Measurement results) Figure 6 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool with deposits in Example 1. Figure 7 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool without deposits in Example 1. Figure 8 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool before the start of cutting.

[0066] EDS analysis of deposits on the carbide tool surface, shown in Figure 6, revealed that the main components of the deposits were Fe, Cr, and C. In the deposit-free area shown in Figure 7 and the EDS analysis before machining shown in Figure 8, Fe, Cr, and C components were hardly observed. Since the main components of the workpiece itself are Fe and Cr, this suggests that the C component may have originated from the cutting fluid.

[0067] Furthermore, Figures 6 and 7 show that, in the same cutting tool, the proportions of C and O components are lower in the areas with deposits compared to the areas without deposits. This suggests that the carbon components derived from the cutting fluid are oxidized in the areas with deposits compared to the areas without deposits.

[0068] It was found that the surface of carbide tools machined from SUS304 round bars in the presence of cutting fluid showed less wear (rake face wear and flank face wear). This indicates less breakage of the carbide tools. Furthermore, it was found that there was less deposits on the surface of the machined carbide tools, which indicates less formation of built-up edge.

[0069] Furthermore, it was found that during machining, the cutting fluid and the water vapor supplied to the carbide tool mix to form an emulsion. This emulsion is an instantaneous emulsion formed only during machining, and it was found that if the emulsion itself is removed and allowed to stand for a while, it separates into water and cutting fluid.

[0070] Example 2 Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that argon plasma was injected into water vapor used in the presence of a cutting fluid. The argon plasma was generated at 60A using a DC power supply (rated output 200V) for the plasma generation unit and injected into the water vapor at 15L / min. A TIG welding machine (MT-200WA, manufactured by Maito Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as the DC power supply for the plasma generation unit. Other conditions and procedures are basically the same as in Example 1, so they are omitted or omitted to avoid duplication of explanation.

[0071] (Measurement results) Figure 9 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool for Example 2. From Figure 9, it was found that there were deposits on the surface of the tool. Compared to the EDS analysis before cutting shown in Figure 8, the proportion of carbon component in the EDS analysis results shown in Figure 9 was found to be lower. This suggests that when water vapor and argon plasma are used in combination in the presence of cutting fluid, the carbon component derived from the cutting fluid is oxidized.

[0072] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 differs from Example 1 in that it involves machining a SUS304 round bar without spraying water vapor onto the carbide tool in the presence of a cutting fluid. Other conditions and procedures are the same as in Example 1, so their description is omitted or omitted to avoid repetition.

[0073] (Measurement results) Figure 10 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the cutting tool for Comparative Example 1. Figure 11 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of another cutting tool for Comparative Example 1. From Figures 10 and 11, it was found that there were deposits on the surface of the cutting tool. Furthermore, it was found that the main components of these deposits were Fe, Cr, and C. In addition, Figure 11 shows that there was flank wear on the tool surface when machined in the presence of cutting fluid.

[0074] Here, the "transition metal components" that make up the adhering material (corresponding to the workpiece) and the "carbon components" derived from the cutting fluid readily combine, potentially forming brittle metal carbides. Therefore, it is suggested that when cutting is performed without the injection of steam, a built-up edge composed of brittle metal carbides may form.

[0075] Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, unlike Example 1, cutting was performed on a Hastelloy round bar using a carbide tool (with AlTiN coating) in the presence of a cutting fluid without spraying water vapor onto it. After cutting, the morphology and component analysis of the worn and unworn portions of the tool surface after Hastelloy processing were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS).

[0076] (Measurement results) Figure 12 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the worn portion (region 001) of the cutting tool for Comparative Example 2. Figure 13 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the worn portion (region 003) of the cutting tool for Comparative Example 2. Figure 14 shows the SEM image and EDS elemental analysis results of the non-worn portion (region 002) of the cutting tool for Comparative Example 2.

[0077] A comparison of EDS analysis results for the worn portion (Figures 12 and 13) and the non-worn portion (Figure 14) of the cutting tool revealed that in the former worn portion, the proportion of the components of the workpiece material Hastelloy (main component: nickel) and the carbon component of the cutting fluid was high, while in the latter non-worn portion, the proportion of the AlTiN component, which is the coating of the cutting tool, was high.

[0078] This indicates that the presence of carbon components in the cutting fluid was confirmed in the worn portion of the tool after machining. Furthermore, it was found that, compared to the non-worn portion, the worn portion had less coating on the tool surface, making it easier for the tool's constituent components (transition metal elements: tungsten, cobalt, etc.) to be exposed.

[0079] Here, the "transition metal components" that make up the tool and the "carbon components" contained in the cutting fluid readily combine, potentially forming brittle metal carbides. From the above, it was found that brittle metal carbides can form in the worn parts of the tool, which can lead to tool breakage.

[0080] [evaluation] From the above, it was found that when a workpiece is cut using a cutting tool while spraying a vaporized oxidizing agent or a mixed vaporized and plasma-state oxidizing agent onto the cutting tool in the presence of cutting fluid, the carbon components contained in the cutting fluid are oxidized, and it is possible to suppress the chemical bonding between these carbon components and the transition metal components of the tool material, which directly leads to tool wear that causes tool damage.

[0081] Furthermore, it was found that it is possible to suppress the formation of built-up edges, which are chemically bonded between the carbon component and the transition metal component of the cutting chips derived from the workpiece, and which indirectly lead to tool breakage. Moreover, it was found that the lubricating effect of the cutting fluid can suppress the formation of the built-up edges themselves.

[0082] The three effects described above are thought to be due to the emulsion (see Example 1) formed only during cutting, which combines the lubricating effect derived from the cutting fluid with the oxidizing effect of hydroxyl radicals derived from water vapor during cutting.

[0083] Furthermore, it is believed that suppressing the adhesion of the workpiece to the tool and suppressing tool wear can be achieved by applying the above-mentioned vapor-state oxidizing agent or a mixed vapor-state and plasma-state oxidizing agent to the tool at a temperature that does not melt the workpiece. In addition, the embodiments of Examples 1 and 2 are examples and are not limited to these, and it may also be possible to adopt an embodiment in which a plasma-state oxidizing agent (e.g., water plasma) is ejected toward the cutting tool during cutting.

[0084] The embodiments of the present invention are as follows: <1> A cutting apparatus comprising a cutting tool capable of cutting a workpiece in the presence of a cutting fluid containing carbon components, and an oxidant ejection unit capable of ejecting at least one of a vaporized oxidant and a plasma-stated oxidant toward the cutting tool during cutting. <2> The cutting fluid in contact with the cutting tool or around the cutting tool and at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state are in contact with each other. <1> The cutting machine described above. <3> At least one of the oxidizing agent in the vapor state and the oxidizing agent in the plasma state is the oxidizing agent of the carbon component. <1> or <2> The cutting machine described above. <4> At least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state is an agent that inhibits the penetration of the carbon component into the cutting tool. <1> ~ <3> A cutting machine described in any of the following. <5> At least one of the oxidizing agent in the vapor state and the oxidizing agent in the plasma state is an alloying inhibitor between the cutting material and the carbon component cut from the workpiece. <1> ~ <4> A cutting machine described in any of the following. <6> The aforementioned oxidizing agent ejection unit is for ejecting the oxidizing agent in vapor form. <1> ~ <5> A cutting machine described in any of the following. <7> From the aforementioned vaporized oxidizing agent ejection port, a vaporized oxidizing agent at a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius or more and 3000 degrees Celsius or less is ejected onto the cutting tool. <6> The cutting machine described above. <8> The system further includes a plasma generation unit, and the oxidizing agent ejection unit is for ejecting an oxidizing agent in a vapor state. The plasma generation unit is configured to supply plasma to the vaporized oxidizer ejected from the oxidizer ejection unit. <6> or <7> The cutting machine described above. <9> Upon supplying the plasma, a portion of the vaporized oxidizer becomes plasma, and a mixed oxidizer, consisting of the plasma-state oxidizer and the vaporized oxidizer, is ejected onto the cutting tool. <8> The cutting machine described above. <10> The aforementioned plasma is an argon plasma. <8> or <9> The cutting machine described above. <11> The mixed oxidizing agent is sprayed onto the cutting tool at a temperature of 90 degrees to 3000 degrees. <9> or <10> The cutting machine described above. <12> The oxidizing agent ejection unit is connected to a steam generating unit that generates the oxidizing agent in vapor form. <6> ~ <11> A cutting machine described in any of the following. <13> The aforementioned oxidizing agent ejection unit is for ejecting an oxidizing agent in a plasma state. <1> ~ <12> A cutting machine described in any of the following. <14> The position of the plasma-state oxidizing agent ejection part from the cutting tool can be adjusted, thereby enabling the ejection of the plasma-state oxidizing agent at a temperature of 30 degrees to 20,000 degrees relative to the cutting tool. <13> The cutting machine described above. <15> The oxidizing agent in vapor state is water vapor or hydrogen peroxide in vapor state. <1> ~ <14> A cutting machine described in any of the following. <16> The oxidizing agent in the aforementioned plasma state is water plasma. <1> ~ <15> A cutting machine described in any of the following. <17> The cutting tool and the workpiece contain transition metal elements. <1> ~ <16> A cutting machine described in any of the following. <18> A cutting tool that is used in the presence of a cutting fluid containing carbon components and is capable of cutting a workpiece, A cutting tool in which the intrusion of the carbon component into the interior is suppressed or in which the carbon component is not present inside. <19> A method for machining a workpiece using a cutting tool in the presence of a cutting fluid containing carbon components, A method for ejecting at least one of a vaporized oxidizing agent and a plasma-like oxidizing agent toward a cutting tool during machining. <20> The cutting process is performed on the workpiece while the cutting fluid in contact with the cutting tool or on the periphery of the cutting tool and at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state are in mutual contact. <19> Methods used. <21> The carbon component is oxidized by at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state. <19> or <20> Methods used. <22> The oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state suppress the penetration of the carbon component into the cutting tool. <19> ~ <21> One of the methods described above. <23> At least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state suppresses alloying between the cutting material cut from the workpiece and the carbon component. <19> ~ <22> One of the methods described above. [Industrial applicability]

[0085] A cutting apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used to continuously and effectively cut a workpiece using a cutting tool in the presence of a cutting fluid. [Explanation of symbols]

[0086] 10 Workpiece 20 cutting tools 30 Support part 40 Cutting fluids 50 Oxidizing agent ejection section 51. Oxidizing agents in vapor state 52 Plasma-state oxidizing agent 60 Steam Generating Unit 70 Connecting pipe 80 valves 90 Argon Gas Tanks 100 connecting pipes 110 valve 120, 120B Plasma generation unit 121, 121B nozzle 140 DC power supply 150 Air Compressor Valve 500, 500A, 500B cutting equipment 600 built-up edge

Claims

1. The cutting tool is capable of cutting a workpiece in the presence of a cutting fluid containing carbon components, and the cutting agent ejection unit is capable of ejecting at least one of a vaporized oxidizing agent and a plasma-like oxidizing agent toward the cutting tool during cutting. A cutting apparatus in which at least one of the oxidizing agent in the vapor state and the oxidizing agent in the plasma state is the oxidizing agent of the carbon component.

2. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cutting fluid in contact with the cutting tool or on the periphery of the cutting tool and at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state are in mutual contact.

3. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state is an agent that inhibits the penetration of the carbon component into the cutting tool.

4. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the oxidizing agent in the vapor state and the oxidizing agent in the plasma state is an alloying inhibitor between the cutting material cut from the workpiece and the carbon component.

5. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent ejection unit is for ejecting an oxidizing agent in vapor form.

6. The cutting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a vaporized oxidizing agent at a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius or more and 3000 degrees Celsius or less is ejected from the vaporized oxidizing agent ejection unit onto the cutting tool.

7. The system further includes a plasma generation unit, and the oxidizing agent ejection unit is for ejecting an oxidizing agent in a vapor state. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plasma generating unit is configured to supply plasma to the vaporized oxidizer ejected from the oxidizer ejection unit.

8. The cutting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, upon supply of the plasma, a portion of the oxidizing agent in vapor state becomes plasma, and a mixed oxidizing agent consisting of the oxidizing agent in plasma state and the oxidizing agent in vapor state is ejected onto the cutting tool.

9. The cutting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the plasma is argon plasma.

10. The cutting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the mixed oxidizing agent at a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius or more and 3000 degrees Celsius or less is ejected onto the cutting tool.

11. The cutting apparatus according to claim 5 or 7, wherein the oxidizing agent ejection unit is connected to a steam generating unit that generates an oxidizing agent in a vapor state.

12. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent ejection unit is for ejecting an oxidizing agent in a plasma state.

13. The cutting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the position of the plasma-state oxidizing agent ejection part from the cutting tool can be adjusted, thereby enabling the ejection of the plasma-state oxidizing agent at a temperature of 30 degrees to 20,000 degrees relative to the cutting tool.

14. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent in vapor state is water vapor or hydrogen peroxide in vapor state.

15. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent in the plasma state is water plasma.

16. The cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cutting tool and the workpiece contain transition metal elements.

17. A cutting tool that is used in the presence of a cutting fluid containing a carbon component and capable of cutting a workpiece, wherein the penetration of the carbon component into the interior is suppressed by at least one of a vaporized oxidizing agent and a plasma-state oxidizing agent, or the cutting tool does not contain the carbon component internally.

18. A method for machining a workpiece using a cutting tool in the presence of a cutting fluid containing carbon components, During cutting, at least one of a vaporized oxidizing agent and a plasma-like oxidizing agent is ejected toward the cutting tool. A method for oxidizing the carbon component using at least one of the oxidizing agent in a vapor state and the oxidizing agent in a plasma state.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein cutting is performed on the workpiece while the cutting fluid in contact with the cutting tool or on the periphery of the cutting tool and at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state are in mutual contact.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the intrusion of the carbon component into the cutting tool is suppressed by at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state.

21. The method according to claim 18, wherein at least one of the oxidizing agent in vapor state and the oxidizing agent in plasma state suppresses alloying between the cutting material cut from the workpiece and the carbon component.

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