building

Abstract

The present invention provides a building that can suppress the splitting of the first wooden frame. [Solution] The building comprises a structure 20 having a frame 21 and a plate-shaped facing material 22 fixed to the frame 21 by nails 25. The frame 21 has a wooden column 31 as a first wooden shaft extending in a first direction D1. The lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 is connected to the foundation 11 via a column base fitting 40. The lower end surface 31b of the wooden column 31 is provided with a slit 34 into which the insertion portion 45 of the column base fitting 40 is inserted. The wooden column 31 is connected to the column base fitting 40 by a drift pin 15 that penetrates the lower end portion 310 and the insertion portion 45. The facing material 22 has a first fixing portion 22a that overlaps with the wooden column 31 in a third direction D3 and is fixed to the wooden column 31, and a relief portion 22e provided so that the facing material 22 does not overlap with the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to buildings.

Background Art

[0002] The wooden frame structure described in Patent Document 1 includes two columns extending in the vertical direction, a beam and a base extending in the horizontal direction, and plywood fixed to the two columns, the beam, and the base. The lower end of the column is connected to the foundation via a column base fitting. A cut is provided on the lower end surface of the column for inserting the insertion plate of the column base fitting. The lower end of the column is connected to the column base fitting by a pin passing through the lower end of the column and the insertion plate.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] When the lower end of the column is connected to the column base fitting as in Patent Document 1, when a large horizontal force is applied to the wooden frame structure due to an earthquake or the like, the lower end of the column may be torn. This disclosure provides a technique for suppressing such tearing.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] (1) A building that solves the above problem comprises a structure having a frame and a plate-shaped facing material fixed to the frame by a fixing member, wherein the frame has a first wooden shaft extending in a first direction and a second wooden shaft extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the first end of the first wooden shaft in the first direction is connected to a connecting object via a connecting fitting, the end face of the first wooden shaft in the first direction, which is located at the first end, is provided with a slit into which the insertion part of the connecting fitting is inserted, the first wooden shaft is connected to the connecting fitting by a connecting member that penetrates the first end and the insertion part, and the facing material has a fixing part that overlaps with the first wooden shaft and is fixed to the first wooden shaft in a third direction perpendicular to both the first and second directions, and a relief part provided so that the facing material does not overlap with the first end in the third direction.

[0006] With this configuration, since no facing material is fixed to the first end of the first wooden shaft, it is possible to suppress the application of a second-direction force to the first end via the facing material when a second-direction force is applied to the structure. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the splitting of the first wooden shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, even if the facing material overlaps the first end, splitting of the first wooden shaft can be suppressed as long as the overlapping portion of the facing material is not fixed to the first end. However, if the facing material overlaps the first end, there is a risk of construction errors occurring where the overlapping portion of the facing material is mistakenly fixed to the first end. In contrast, with the above configuration, since the facing material is provided with a relief portion, the facing material is positioned so as not to overlap the first end. Therefore, construction errors such as mistakenly fixing the facing material to the first end can be prevented.

[0008] (2) In the building described in (1) above, the structure further comprises a reinforcing plate positioned at the first end and adjacent to the surface material in the planar direction of the surface material. In this configuration, when a force in a second direction is applied to the structure, the structure deforms so that the facing material and reinforcing plate rotate around an axis extending in a third direction. The amount of rotation of the facing material is greater than the amount of rotation of the reinforcing plate. As a result, the facing material comes into contact with the reinforcing plate and also embeds itself into the reinforcing plate. This allows the force in the second direction applied to the structure to be absorbed, thereby suppressing further deformation of the structure. Consequently, the load-bearing capacity of the structure in the second direction is improved.

[0009] In particular, if the facing material is not fixed to the first end of the first wooden frame, the number of fixing members decreases, thus reducing the load-bearing capacity of the structure in the second direction. Therefore, it is effective to improve the load-bearing capacity of the structure in the second direction by using reinforcing plates. This ensures the load-bearing capacity of the structure in the second direction even when the facing material is not fixed to the first end of the first wooden frame.

[0010] (3) In the building described in (2) above, the facing material has a first partition edge that extends in the first direction and partitions the relief portion, and a second partition edge that extends in the second direction and partitions the relief portion, and the reinforcing plate is arranged in the relief portion, and the reinforcing plate has a first opposing surface that faces the first partition edge in the second direction, and a second opposing surface that faces the second partition edge in the first direction.

[0011] In this configuration, when a force is applied to the structure in the first direction in the second direction, the edge of the first compartment comes into contact with the first opposing surface. When a force is applied to the structure in the second direction in the second direction, the edge of the second compartment comes into contact with the second opposing surface. The second direction in the second direction is the opposite direction to the first direction in the second direction. Therefore, deformation of the structure 20 can be suppressed regardless of which direction the force is applied to the structure in the second direction.

[0012] (4) In the building described in any one of (1) to (3) above, the structure further comprises a connecting plate that connects the first end of the first wooden shaft and the second wooden shaft, the connecting plate being positioned to overlap the first end and the second wooden shaft in the third direction and being fixed to the first end of the first wooden shaft and the second wooden shaft, respectively.

[0013] For example, consider a case where the first end of a first wooden shaft and a second wooden shaft are connected by an L-shaped angle. The L-shaped angle connects the surface of the first end of the first wooden shaft that intersects with respect to the second direction to the surface of the second wooden shaft that intersects with respect to the first direction. In this case, when a force in the second direction is applied to the structure, the L-shaped angle deforms, causing the second wooden shaft to deform away from the first end of the first wooden shaft. As a result, a gap is created between the first end of the first wooden shaft and the second wooden shaft. This gap becomes the deformation allowance for the first end of the first wooden shaft in the second direction, making the first wooden shaft more prone to splitting.

[0014] In contrast, when the first end of the first wooden shaft and the second wooden shaft are connected by a connecting plate positioned to overlap the first end of the first wooden shaft and the second wooden shaft in a third direction, the first end of the first wooden shaft and the second wooden shaft are firmly connected. As a result, the second wooden shaft is less likely to deform away from the first end of the first wooden shaft, and therefore the first end of the first wooden shaft is less likely to deform in a second direction. Consequently, cracking of the first wooden shaft can be further suppressed.

[0015] (5) In the building described in any one of (1) to (4) above, the slit penetrates the first wooden shaft in the third direction, and the first end is divided in the second direction by the slit.

[0016] With this configuration, when a force in a second direction is applied to the structure, the first end is prone to splitting in the second direction along the slit. Therefore, it is particularly effective to suppress the splitting of the first wooden shaft by not fixing a face material to the first end of the first wooden shaft.

[0017] (6) In the building described in (2) or (3) above, the slit penetrates the first wooden shaft in the third direction, the first end is divided in the second direction by the slit, and the reinforcing plate is positioned to straddle the slit in the second direction and is fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit at the first end.

[0018] With this configuration, when a force in a second direction is applied to the structure, the first end is prone to splitting in the second direction along the slit. Therefore, it is particularly effective to suppress the splitting of the first wooden shaft by not fixing a face material to the first end of the first wooden shaft. Furthermore, since the portions located on both sides of the slit at the first end of the first wooden shaft are connected by reinforcing plates, the splitting of the first wooden shaft can be further suppressed.

[0019] (7) In the building described in (4) above, the slit penetrates the first wooden shaft in the third direction, the first end is divided in the second direction by the slit, and the connecting plate is positioned to straddle the slit in the second direction and is fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit at the first end.

[0020] With this configuration, when a force in a second direction is applied to the structure, the first end is prone to splitting in the second direction along the slit. Therefore, it is particularly effective to suppress the splitting of the first wooden shaft by not fixing a face material to the first end of the first wooden shaft. Furthermore, since the portions located on both sides of the slit at the first end of the first wooden shaft are connected by connecting plates, the splitting of the first wooden shaft can be further suppressed.

[0021] (8) In the building described in any one of (1) to (7) above, the structure is a wall and the first wooden shaft is a wooden column. This configuration helps to suppress the splitting of wooden pillars. [Effects of the Invention]

[0022] According to the building of the present disclosure, splitting of the first wooden shaft can be suppressed.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] [Figure 1] It is a front view of the building. [Figure 2] It is an exploded perspective view of the structure. [Figure 3] It is an enlarged view of the structure. [Figure 4] It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the layout of the structure. [Figure 5] It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the layout of the structure.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0024] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, the building 10 of the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the building 10 includes a foundation 11 and a structure 20. The structure 20 of the present embodiment is a wall. The structure 20 has a frame 21 and a plate-like facing material 22 fixed to the frame 21 by nails 25 as fixing members. By fixing the facing material 22 to the frame 21 with a plurality of nails 25, the structure 20 constitutes a shear wall. The frame 21 is composed of two wooden columns 31, a wooden beam 32, and a wooden bottom frame 33.

[0025] The two wooden columns 31 are the first wooden shafts extending in the first direction D1. The first direction D1 of the present embodiment is a direction along the vertical direction. The wooden beam 32 and the bottom frame 33 are the second wooden shafts extending in the second direction D2 intersecting the first direction D1. The second direction D2 of the present embodiment is a direction orthogonal to the first direction D1. The second direction D2 is a horizontal direction. A direction orthogonal to the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 is defined as the third direction D3. The third direction D3 of the present embodiment is a direction orthogonal to the second direction D2 among the horizontal directions. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are directions along the surface direction of the wall. The third direction D3 is the thickness direction of the wall.

[0026] The foundation 11 has a rising portion 12 that extends in the second direction D2. An anchor bolt 13 is embedded in the rising portion 12. The anchor bolt 13 protrudes from the upper surface 12a of the rising portion 12.

[0027] The wooden beam 32 is located above the rising section 12. The two wooden columns 31 are positioned between the rising section 12 and the wooden beam 32. The two wooden columns 31 are spaced apart in the second direction D2. When distinguishing between the two wooden columns 31, one is called the first wooden column 311 and the other is called the second wooden column 312. The two wooden columns 31 have opposing surfaces 31a that face each other. The opposing surfaces 31a are surfaces that intersect with respect to the second direction D2. The lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 is connected to the rising section 12 of the foundation 11, which is the object to be connected, via a column base fitting 40, which is a connecting fitting. The upper end of the wooden column 31 is connected to the wooden beam 32 via a column head fitting (not shown). The lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 is the first end of the wooden column 31 in the first direction D1. The upper end of the wooden column 31 is the second end of the wooden column 31 in the first direction D1.

[0028] The connection structure between the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the rising section 12 via the column base metal fitting 40 will be described in detail. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a slit 34 is provided in the lower end surface 31b of the wooden column 31. The lower end surface 31b of the wooden column 31 is the end surface of the wooden column 31 in the first direction D1, and is located at the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31. The slit 34 penetrates the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3. The lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 is divided into two parts in the second direction D2 by the slit 34.

[0029] The lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 is provided with three column through-holes 35. Each column through-hole 35 penetrates the wooden column 31 in the second direction D2, passing through the slit 34. The three column through-holes 35 are spaced apart in the third direction D3.

[0030] The column base hardware 40 has a foundation connection part 41, a column connection part 42, and a connecting part 43. The foundation connection part 41 is the part that connects to the rising part 12 of the foundation 11. The column connection part 42 is the part to which the wooden column 31 is connected. The connecting part 43 connects the foundation connection part 41 and the column connection part 42.

[0031] The foundation connecting portion 41 is plate-shaped. The foundation connecting portion 41 is positioned on the upper surface 12a of the rising portion 12. The lower surface of the foundation connecting portion 41 is in contact with the upper surface 12a of the rising portion 12. The foundation connecting portion 41 is provided with a first connecting hole 41h. The first connecting hole 41h penetrates the foundation connecting portion 41 in the direction of plate thickness. The portion of the anchor bolt 13 that protrudes from the upper surface 12a of the rising portion 12 is inserted through the first connecting hole 41h. A nut 14 is secured to the anchor bolt 13. In this way, the foundation connecting portion 41 is connected to the rising portion 12.

[0032] The column connecting portion 42 has a plate-shaped base portion 44 and a plate-shaped insertion portion 45. The base portion 44 is positioned on the lower end surface 31b of the wooden column 31. The upper surface of the base portion 44 is in contact with the lower end surface 31b of the wooden column 31. The insertion portion 45 protrudes from the upper surface of the base portion 44. The thickness direction of the insertion portion 45 is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the base portion 44. The insertion portion 45 is inserted into the slit 34. The thickness direction of the insertion portion 45 is the same direction as the second direction D2.

[0033] The insertion portion 45 is provided with three second connecting holes 45h. Each second connecting hole 45h penetrates the insertion portion 45 in the plate thickness direction. The three second connecting holes 45h are spaced apart in the third direction D3. A drift pin 15 is inserted through the column through hole 35 of the wooden column 31 and the second connecting holes 45h of the column connecting portion 42. The drift pin 15 penetrates the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 and the insertion portion 45 of the column base fitting 40. In this way, the wooden column 31 is connected to the column connecting portion 42.

[0034] The connecting portion 43 connects the upper surface of the foundation connecting portion 41 to the lower surface of the base portion 44 of the column connecting portion 42. The nut 14 is located between the foundation connecting portion 41 and the base portion 44 of the column connecting portion 42. As shown in Figure 1, the lower frame 33 is located between the lower ends 310 of the two wooden columns 31. The first end of the lower frame 33 in the second direction D2 is connected to the lower end 310 of the first wooden column 311 via an L-shaped angle 50. The second end of the lower frame 33 in the second direction D2 is connected to the lower end 310 of the second wooden column 312 via an L-shaped angle 50.

[0035] As shown in Figure 3, the L-shaped angle 50 has a plate-shaped first connecting portion 51 and a plate-shaped second connecting portion 52 perpendicular to the first connecting portion 51. The first connecting portion 51 is positioned along the opposing surface 31a of the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31. The first connecting portion 51 is connected to the wooden column 31 by screws (not shown). The second connecting portion 52 is positioned along the upper surface 33a of the lower frame 33. The upper surface 33a of the lower frame 33 is a surface that intersects with the first direction D1. The second connecting portion 52 is connected to the lower frame 33 by screws (not shown).

[0036] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the frame 21 has a fixing surface 21a to which the facing material 22 is fixed. The fixing surface 21a is a surface perpendicular to the third direction D3. The fixing surface 21a includes the column fixing surface 31c of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame fixing surface 33b of the lower frame 33. The column fixing surface 31c is made up of the side surface of the wooden column 31 that is perpendicular to the third direction D3. The lower frame fixing surface 33b is made up of the side surface of the lower frame 33. The lower frame fixing surface 33b is located on the same plane as the column fixing surface 31c.

[0037] <Surface material 22> The facing material 22 is flat. The facing material 22 is made of structural plywood. The thickness of the facing material 22 is, for example, 9 mm. The facing material 22 is positioned along the fixing surface 21a of the frame 21 so as to cover the space enclosed by the frame 21. The thickness direction of the facing material 22 is the same direction as the third direction D3. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are directions along the surface direction of the facing material 22, respectively. The outer periphery of the facing material 22 overlaps with the frame 21 and the third direction D3, and is fixed to the frame 21 by multiple nails 25.

[0038] More specifically, the panel 22 overlaps with the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3 and has a first fixing portion 22a that is fixed to the column fixing surface 31c of the wooden column 31. The first fixing portion 22a is located at both ends of the panel 22 in the second direction D2. The first fixing portion 22a extends in the first direction D1. The first fixing portion 22a overlaps with half of the wooden column 31 in the second direction D2 and in the third direction D3. Multiple nails 25 for fixing the first fixing portion 22a to the wooden column 31 are arranged at intervals in the first direction D1.

[0039] The facing material 22 overlaps with the wooden beam 32 in the third direction D3 and has a second fixing portion 22b that is fixed to the wooden beam 32. The second fixing portion 22b is located at the upper end of the facing material 22. The second fixing portion 22b extends in the second direction D2. The second fixing portion 22b overlaps with the lower half of the wooden beam 32 in the third direction D3. Multiple nails 25 for fixing the second fixing portion 22b to the wooden beam 32 are spaced apart in the second direction D2.

[0040] The facing material 22 overlaps with the lower frame 33 in the third direction D3 and has a third fixing portion 22c that is fixed to the lower frame fixing surface 33b of the lower frame 33. The third fixing portion 22c is located at the lower end of the facing material 22. The third fixing portion 22c extends in the second direction D2. The third fixing portion 22c overlaps with the upper half of the lower frame 33 in the third direction D3. Multiple nails 25 for fixing the third fixing portion 22c to the lower frame 33 are spaced apart in the second direction D2.

[0041] The facing material 22 is provided with a relief portion 22e. The relief portion 22e is provided so that the facing material 22 does not overlap with the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3. Therefore, the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 does not overlap with the facing material 22 in the third direction D3. The relief portion 22e is formed by cutting out the portion of the structural plywood that makes up the facing material 22 that overlaps with the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3.

[0042] In this embodiment, the facing material 22 is provided with two relief portions 22e. When distinguishing between the two relief portions 22e, one relief portion 22e is referred to as the first relief portion 22e1, and the other relief portion 22e is referred to as the second relief portion 22e2. The first relief portion 22e1 is provided so that the facing material 22 does not overlap the lower end portion 310 of the first wooden column 311 in the third direction D3. The first relief portion 22e1 is located at the lower end of the facing material 22 and at the first end in the second direction D2. The second relief portion 22e2 is provided so that the facing material 22 does not overlap the lower end portion 310 of the second wooden column 312 in the third direction D3. The second relief portion 22e2 is located at the lower end of the facing material 22 and at the second end in the second direction D2. The two relief sections 22e are formed by cutting out the two lower corners of the rectangular structural plywood that makes up the face material 22.

[0043] The facing material 22 has a first sectioning edge 221 and a second sectioning edge 222 that define the relief portion 22e. The first sectioning edge 221 extends in the first direction D1. The second sectioning edge 222 extends in the second direction D2. The second sectioning edge 222 is located above the upper end of the slit 34 when viewed from the third direction D3. The first sectioning edge 221 is located in a position that overlaps with the opposing surface 31a of the wooden column 31 when viewed from the third direction D3.

[0044] <Connecting plate 23> The structure 20 further includes a connecting plate 23 that connects the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33. In Figure 3, the connecting plate 23 is shown by a dashed line. The connecting plate 23 is flat. The connecting plate 23 is made of steel plate. The thickness of the connecting plate 23 is thinner than the thickness of the facing material 22. The thickness of the connecting plate 23 is, for example, 0.25 to 0.6 mm. The connecting plate 23 has a first plate portion 23a extending in a first direction D1 and a second plate portion 23b extending in a second direction D2 from the lower part of the first plate portion 23a.

[0045] The connecting plate 23 is positioned along the fixed surface 21a of the frame 21. The thickness direction of the connecting plate 23 is the same as the third direction D3. Specifically, the first plate portion 23a is positioned along the column fixed surface 31c of the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31. The first plate portion 23a overlaps with the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3. The second plate portion 23b is positioned along the lower frame fixed surface 33b of the end portion of the lower frame 33. The second plate portion 23b overlaps with the end portion of the lower frame 33 in the third direction D3.

[0046] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the first plate portion 23a in the second direction D2 are approximately the same as the dimensions of the wooden column 31 in the second direction D2. The first plate portion 23a is positioned to straddle the slit 34 in the second direction D2. The dimensions of the first plate portion 23a in the first direction D1 are larger than the dimensions of the lower end portion 310 in the first direction D1. The first plate portion 23a overlaps not only the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 but also the portion of the wooden column 31 located above the lower end portion 310 in the third direction D3. In other words, the column fixing surface 31c of the portion of the wooden column 31 located above the lower end portion 310 is covered by the first plate portion 23a.

[0047] The connecting plate 23 is fixed to the fixing surface 21a of the frame 21 with adhesive. More specifically, the first plate portion 23a is fixed to the column fixing surface 31c of the wooden column 31 with adhesive. The first plate portion 23a is fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit 34 at the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31. The second plate portion 23b is fixed to the lower frame fixing surface 33b at the end of the lower frame 33 with adhesive.

[0048] In this way, the first plate portion 23a is fixed to the wooden column 31 and the second plate portion 23b is fixed to the lower frame 33, thereby connecting the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 via the connecting plate 23.

[0049] <Reinforcement plate 24> The structure 20 further includes a reinforcing plate 24. The reinforcing plate 24 is flat. The reinforcing plate 24 is made of structural plywood. The thickness of the reinforcing plate 24 is approximately the same as the thickness of the face material 22. The thickness of the reinforcing plate 24 is, for example, 9 mm. The reinforcing plate 24 in this embodiment is rectangular.

[0050] The reinforcing plate 24 is positioned along the column fixing surface 31c of the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31. The thickness direction of the reinforcing plate 24 is the same direction as the third direction D3. As described above, in this embodiment, the first plate portion 23a of the connecting plate 23 is positioned along the column fixing surface 31c of the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31. The reinforcing plate 24 is positioned along the surface of the first plate portion 23a that is opposite to the surface facing the column fixing surface 31c. The reinforcing plate 24 overlaps the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3 via the first plate portion 23a of the connecting plate 23. In other words, the first plate portion 23a of the connecting plate 23 is located between the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 and the reinforcing plate 24.

[0051] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the reinforcing plate 24 in the second direction D2 are approximately the same as the dimensions of the wooden column 31 in the second direction D2. The reinforcing plate 24 is positioned to straddle the slit 34 in the second direction D2. The dimensions of the reinforcing plate 24 in the first direction D1 are approximately the same as the dimensions of the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 in the first direction D1. The dimensions of the reinforcing plate 24 in the first direction D1 are smaller than the dimensions of the first plate portion 23a of the connecting plate 23 in the first direction D1. Therefore, the portion of the first plate portion 23a of the connecting plate 23 that is located above the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 is not covered by the reinforcing plate 24.

[0052] The reinforcing plate 24 is positioned adjacent to the facing material 22 in the planar direction of the facing material 22. In this embodiment, the reinforcing plate 24 is positioned in the relief portion 22e. The reinforcing plate 24 is adjacent to the facing material 22 in both the first direction D1 and the second direction D2, which are the planar directions of the facing material 22. The reinforcing plate 24 has a first opposing surface 24a that faces the first section edge 221 in the second direction D2, and a second opposing surface 24b that faces the second section edge 222 in the first direction D1. The first opposing surface 24a is formed by the side surface of the reinforcing plate 24. The second opposing surface 24b is formed by the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 24.

[0053] The reinforcing plate 24 is fixed to the column fixing surface 31c of the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 by additional nails 26. The additional nails 26 are driven into the portion of the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 where the slit 34 is not provided. The additional nails 26 are driven into each of the portions of the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 located on both sides of the slit 34. Therefore, the reinforcing plate 24 is fixed to each of the portions of the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 located on both sides of the slit 34. The additional nails 26 pass through the connecting plate 23. Therefore, the connecting plate 23 is also fixed to the wooden column 31 by the additional nails 26.

[0054] [Operation of this embodiment] The operation of this embodiment will now be explained. The structure 20 includes a frame 21 and a plate-shaped facing material 22 fixed to the frame 21 by nails 25. The frame 21 has a wooden column 31 extending in a first direction D1. The lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 is connected to the rising portion 12 of the foundation 11 via a column base fitting 40. The lower end surface 31b of the wooden column 31 is provided with a slit 34 into which the insertion portion 45 of the column base fitting 40 is inserted. The wooden column 31 is connected to the column base fitting 40 by a drift pin 15 that penetrates the lower end 310 and the insertion portion 45. The facing material 22 has a first fixing portion 22a that overlaps with and is fixed to the wooden column 31 in a third direction D3, and a relief portion 22e provided so that the facing material 22 does not overlap with the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3.

[0055] In this configuration, since the facing material 22 is provided with a relief portion 22e, the facing material 22 is positioned so as not to overlap with the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3. Therefore, the facing material 22 is not fixed to the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31. Consequently, when a force in the second direction D2 is applied to the structure 20, the force in the second direction D2 is suppressed from being applied to the lower end portion 310 via the facing material 22, thereby suppressing the splitting of the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31.

[0056] Furthermore, even if the facing material 22 overlaps with the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31, splitting of the wooden column 31 can be suppressed as long as the overlapping portion of the facing material 22 is not fixed to the lower end portion 310. However, if the facing material 22 overlaps with the lower end portion 310, there is a risk of construction errors occurring where the overlapping portion of the facing material 22 is mistakenly fixed to the lower end portion 310. In contrast, in this embodiment, since the facing material 22 is provided with a relief portion 22e, the facing material 22 is positioned so as not to overlap with the lower end portion 310. Therefore, construction errors such as mistakenly fixing the facing material 22 to the lower end portion 310 can be prevented.

[0057] [Effects of this embodiment] The effects of this embodiment will now be explained. (1) The facing material 22 has a first fixing portion 22a that overlaps with the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3 and is fixed to the wooden column 31, and a relief portion 22e that is provided so that the facing material 22 does not overlap with the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3.

[0058] With this configuration, since the facing material 22 is not fixed to the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31, it is possible to suppress the application of the force in the second direction D2 to the lower end 310 via the facing material 22 when a force in the second direction D2 is applied to the structure 20. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the splitting of the wooden column 31.

[0059] Furthermore, even if the facing material 22 overlaps the lower end portion 310, splitting of the wooden column 31 can be suppressed as long as the portion of the facing material 22 that overlaps with the lower end portion 310 is not fixed to the lower end portion 310. However, if the facing material 22 overlaps with the lower end portion 310, there is a risk of construction errors occurring where the portion of the facing material 22 that overlaps with the lower end portion 310 is mistakenly fixed to the lower end portion 310. In contrast, in this embodiment, since the facing material 22 is provided with a relief portion 22e, the facing material 22 is positioned so as not to overlap with the lower end portion 310. Therefore, construction errors such as mistakenly fixing the facing material 22 to the lower end portion 310 can be prevented.

[0060] (2) The structure 20 further includes a reinforcing plate 24 positioned at the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and adjacent to the facing material 22 in the planar direction of the facing material 22. In this configuration, when a force in the second direction D2 is applied to the structure 20, the structure 20 deforms so that the facing material 22 and the reinforcing plate 24 rotate around an axis extending in the third direction D3. The amount of rotation of the facing material 22 is greater than the amount of rotation of the reinforcing plate 24. As a result, the facing material 22 comes into contact with the reinforcing plate 24 and also embeds itself into the reinforcing plate 24. This allows the force in the second direction D2 applied to the structure 20 to be absorbed, thereby suppressing further deformation of the structure 20. Consequently, the load-bearing capacity of the structure 20 in the second direction D2 is improved.

[0061] In particular, when the facing material 22 is not fixed to the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31, as in this embodiment, the number of nails 25 decreases, which reduces the load-bearing capacity of the structure 20 in the second direction D2. Therefore, it is effective to improve the load-bearing capacity of the structure 20 in the second direction D2 with the reinforcing plate 24. This ensures the load-bearing capacity of the structure 20 in the second direction D2 even when the facing material 22 is not fixed to the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31.

[0062] (3) The facing material 22 has a first section edge 221 that extends in the first direction D1 and defines the relief portion 22e, and a second section edge 222 that extends in the second direction D2 and defines the relief portion 22e. The reinforcing plate 24 is positioned in the relief portion 22e. The reinforcing plate 24 has a first opposing surface 24a that faces the first section edge 221 in the second direction D2, and a second opposing surface 24b that faces the second section edge 222 in the first direction D1.

[0063] In this configuration, when a force is applied to the structure 20 in the first direction in the second direction D2, the first compartment edge 221 contacts the first opposing surface 24a. When a force is applied to the structure 20 in the second direction D2, the second compartment edge 222 contacts the second opposing surface 24b. The second direction in the second direction D2 is the opposite direction to the first direction in the second direction D2.

[0064] Specifically, when a force is applied to the structure 20 in the second direction D2 from the first wooden column 311 toward the second wooden column 312, the first partitioned edge 221 of the first relief section 22e1 comes into contact with the first opposing surface 24a of the reinforcing plate 24 positioned in the first relief section 22e1. When a force is applied to the structure 20 in the second direction D2 from the second wooden column 312 toward the first wooden column 311, the second partitioned edge 222 of the first relief section 22e1 comes into contact with the second opposing surface 24b of the reinforcing plate 24 positioned in the first relief section 22e1.

[0065] When a force is applied to the structure 20 in the second direction D2 from the first wooden column 311 toward the second wooden column 312, the second compartment edge 222 of the second relief section 22e2 comes into contact with the second opposing surface 24b of the reinforcing plate 24 located in the second relief section 22e2. When a force is applied to the structure 20 in the second direction D2 from the second wooden column 312 toward the first wooden column 311, the first compartment edge 221 of the second relief section 22e2 comes into contact with the first opposing surface 24a of the reinforcing plate 24 located in the second relief section 22e2.

[0066] This makes it possible to suppress deformation of the structure 20 regardless of the direction of the force applied to the structure 20 in the second direction D2. (4) The structure 20 further includes a connecting plate 23 that connects the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 to the lower frame 33. The connecting plate 23 is positioned so as to overlap with the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3. The connecting plate 23 is fixed to the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and to the lower frame 33, respectively.

[0067] For example, consider the case where the lower end 310 of a wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 are connected only by an L-shaped angle 50. The L-shaped angle 50 connects the opposing surface 31a of the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 to the upper surface 33a of the lower frame 33. In this case, when a force D2 in the second direction is applied to the structure 20, the L-shaped angle 50 deforms so that the angle between the first connecting part 51 and the second connecting part 52 increases, causing the lower frame 33 to deform away from the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31. As a result, a gap is created between the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33. This gap becomes the deformation allowance of the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 in the second direction D2, making the wooden column 31 more prone to splitting.

[0068] In contrast, as in this embodiment, when the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 are connected by a connecting plate 23 that is positioned to overlap the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 in the third direction D3, the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 are firmly connected. As a result, the lower frame 33 is less likely to deform away from the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31, and therefore the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 is less likely to deform in the second direction D2. Consequently, cracking of the wooden column 31 can be further suppressed.

[0069] (5) The slit 34 penetrates the wooden column 31 in the third direction D3. The lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 is divided in the second direction D2 by the slit 34. With this configuration, when a force in the second direction D2 is applied to the structure 20, the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 is prone to splitting in the second direction D2 with the slit 34 as the boundary. Therefore, not fixing the face material 22 to the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 is particularly effective in suppressing the splitting of the wooden column 31.

[0070] (6) The reinforcing plate 24 is positioned to straddle the slit 34 in the second direction D2 and is fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit 34 at the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31.

[0071] With this configuration, the portions located on both sides of the slit 34 at the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 are connected by the reinforcing plate 24, which further suppresses the splitting of the wooden column 31. (7) The connecting plate 23 is positioned to straddle the slit 34 in the second direction D2 and is fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit 34 at the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31.

[0072] With this configuration, the portions located on both sides of the slit 34 at the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 are connected by the connecting plate 23, which further suppresses the splitting of the wooden column 31. (8) The structure 20 is a wall. The first wooden frame is a wooden column 31. This configuration makes it possible to suppress the splitting of the wooden column 31.

[0073] (9) As described above, when the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 are connected only by the L-shaped angle 50, when a force in the second direction D2 is applied to the structure 20, the lower frame 33 deforms so as to move away from the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31. For example, when a force is applied to the structure 20 in the second direction D2 from the first wooden column 311 toward the second wooden column 312, the lower frame 33 deforms so as to move away from the lower end 310 of the first wooden column 311. In this case, the lower frame 33 presses the lower end 310 of the second wooden column 312 in the second direction D2, so the force in the second direction D2 is concentrated on the lower end 310 of the second wooden column 312. That is, the force in the second direction D2 is concentrated on one of the two wooden columns 31.

[0074] In contrast, in this embodiment, the lower end portion 310 of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 are firmly connected by a connecting plate 23. Therefore, when a force is applied to the structure 20 in the second direction D2 from the first wooden column 311 toward the second wooden column 312, deformation of the lower frame 33 toward the lower end portion 310 of the first wooden column 311 can be suppressed. Consequently, the concentration of the force in the second direction D2 on the lower end portion 310 of the second wooden column 312 can be suppressed. The force in the second direction D2 can be borne by the two wooden columns 31.

[0075] <Example of changes> The above embodiments are illustrative of possible forms that the building 10 may take, and are not intended to limit its form. The building 10 may take a form different from the form illustrated in the above embodiments. Examples of such forms include forms in which some of the configurations of the embodiments are replaced, modified, or omitted, or forms in which new configurations are added to the embodiments. Examples of modifications to the embodiments are shown below.

[0076] The fastening members for securing the facing material 22 to the frame 21 are not limited to nails 25. For example, screws may also be used as fastening members for securing the facing material 22 to the frame 21. The connecting member for connecting the wooden column 31 to the column base hardware 40 is not limited to the drift pin 15.

[0077] The slit 34 may penetrate the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 in the second direction D2. In this case, the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 is divided in the third direction D3. Even in this case, if a force in the second direction D2 is applied to the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31, there is a risk that the wooden column 31 may split near the drift pin 15. Therefore, it is effective to suppress the splitting of the wooden column 31 by preventing the face material 22 from being fixed to the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31.

[0078] The number of slits 34 provided in the wooden column 31 is not limited to one. Multiple slits 34 may be provided in the wooden column 31. In this case, the multiple slits 34 are arranged with gaps between them in the second direction D2.

[0079] The structure 20 does not necessarily have to be equipped with a reinforcing plate 24. In this case, the load-bearing capacity of the structure 20 in the second direction D2 may be ensured by increasing the number of nails 25 driven into the parts of the wooden column 31 other than the lower end 310 in the frame 21. Preferably, the parts of the frame 21 into which the additional nails 25 are driven are the parts of the wooden column 31 above the lower end 310 and covered by the reinforcing plate 24. In this case, since the nails 25 are additionally driven into the parts of the wooden column 31 that are reinforced by the reinforcing plate 24, a decrease in the strength of the wooden column 31 can be suppressed.

[0080] The reinforcing plate 24 may be adjacent to the facing material 22 only in the first direction D1. The reinforcing plate 24 may be adjacent to the facing material 22 only in the second direction D2. The reinforcing plate 24 may be adjacent to the facing material 22 in a direction that is inclined with both the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 in the planar direction of the facing material 22.

[0081] Even in these cases, the effect (2) of the above embodiment can be obtained. The reinforcing plate 24 does not necessarily have to be placed in the relief section 22e. The reinforcing plate 24 does not have to be positioned to straddle the slit 34 in the second direction D2. The reinforcing plate 24 does not have to be fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit 34 at the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31.

[0082] The structure 20 does not necessarily have to be equipped with a connecting plate 23. In this case, the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the end of the lower frame 33 are connected by an L-shaped angle 50. The connecting plate 23 does not have to be positioned to straddle the slit 34 in the second direction D2. The connecting plate 23 does not have to be fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit 34 at the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31.

[0083] When the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 are connected by a connecting plate 23, the L-shaped angle 50 may be omitted. The shape of the connecting plate 23 may be changed as appropriate, provided that the connecting plate 23 is positioned so as to overlap the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 in the third direction D3, and is fixed to each of the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33.

[0084] The fixing members for securing the connecting plate 23 to the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33 are not limited to adhesive. Screws may also be used as fixing members for securing the connecting plate 23 to the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33. Both adhesive and screws may be used as fixing members for securing the connecting plate 23 to the wooden column 31 and the lower frame 33.

[0085] As described above, if the direction in which the slit 34 penetrates the wooden column 31 is the same as the third direction D3, that is, if the direction in which the slit 34 extends is perpendicular to the plane direction of the structure 20, the wooden column 31 is prone to splitting. For this reason, it is preferable to make the direction in which the slit 34 extends the same as the plane direction of the structure 20. However, if the layout of the structure 20 is, for example, the following layout, it is difficult to make the direction in which the slit 34 extends the same as the plane direction of the structure 20.

[0086] As shown in Figure 4, the first load-bearing wall 20a and the second load-bearing wall 20b are arranged to intersect at the outer corner of the building 10. Although not shown, the first load-bearing wall 20a and the second load-bearing wall 20b each have a frame 21 and a facing material 22 fixed to the frame 21 by a plurality of nails 25. In this case, in the wooden column 31 located at the outer corner of the building 10, i.e., at the intersection of the first load-bearing wall 20a and the second load-bearing wall 20b, the direction in which the slit 34 extends is the same as the surface direction of the first load-bearing wall 20a, but perpendicular to the surface direction of the second load-bearing wall 20b.

[0087] As shown in Figure 5, the first wall W1 has a load-bearing wall section W1a and a non-load-bearing wall section W1b. The second wall W2 is positioned to intersect with the first wall W1. The second wall W2 is a load-bearing wall. Although not shown, the first wall section W1a and the second wall W2 each have a frame 21 and a facing material 22 fixed to the frame 21 by a plurality of nails 25. In this case, in the wooden column 31 positioned at the intersection of the first wall W1 and the second wall W2, the direction in which the slit 34 extends is the same as the surface direction of the first wall section W1a, but perpendicular to the surface direction of the second wall W2.

[0088] Thus, in the case of a wooden column 31 positioned at the intersection of two shear walls, the direction in which the slit 34 extends is perpendicular to the surface direction of one of the shear walls. In this case, in the shear wall where the direction in which the slit 34 extends is perpendicular to the surface direction of the shear wall, a relief portion 22e is provided in the facing material 22 so as not to fix the facing material 22 to the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31. This makes it possible to suppress splitting of the wooden column 31 located at the intersection of the shear walls in a layout where shear walls intersect. In addition, in the other shear wall where the direction in which the slit 34 extends is the same as the surface direction of the shear wall, a relief portion 22e may also be provided in the facing material 22 so as not to fix the facing material 22 to the lower end 310 of the wooden column 31.

[0089] The structure 20 is not limited to walls. The structure 20 may be a floor. In this case, the first wooden axis is the first horizontal member. The first direction D1 is the horizontal direction. The object to which the first end of the first horizontal member in the first direction D1 is connected is, for example, a column. The second wooden axis is the second horizontal member extending in a direction intersecting the first horizontal member. The second direction D2 is the horizontal direction that intersects the first direction D1. The second horizontal member is connected to, for example, a column to which the first end of the first horizontal member is connected. The third direction D3 is the direction along the vertical direction.

[0090] If the connecting hardware has an insertion portion that is inserted into a slit provided on the first end face of the first wooden shaft, the shape of the connecting hardware may be appropriately changed depending on the object to which the first end of the first wooden shaft is connected.

[0091] <Note> This specification discloses the following technologies: [Note 1] A building comprising a structure having a frame and a plate-shaped facing material fixed to the frame by a fixing member, wherein the frame has a first wooden shaft extending in a first direction and a second wooden shaft extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the first end of the first wooden shaft in the first direction is connected to a connecting object via a connecting fitting, the end face of the first wooden shaft in the first direction, which is located at the first end, is provided with a slit into which the insertion part of the connecting fitting is inserted, the first wooden shaft is connected to the connecting fitting by a connecting member that penetrates the first end and the insertion part, and the facing material has a fixing part that overlaps with the first wooden shaft and is fixed to the first wooden shaft in a third direction perpendicular to both the first and second directions, and a relief part provided so that the facing material does not overlap with the first end in the third direction.

[0092] [Note 2] In the building described in Appendix 1, the structure further comprises a reinforcing plate positioned at the first end and adjacent to the surface material in the planar direction of the surface material.

[0093] [Note 3] In the building described in Appendix 2, the facing material has a first partition edge that extends in the first direction and partitions the relief portion, and a second partition edge that extends in the second direction and partitions the relief portion, and the reinforcing plate is arranged in the relief portion, and the reinforcing plate has a first opposing surface that faces the first partition edge in the second direction, and a second opposing surface that faces the second partition edge in the first direction.

[0094] [Note 4] In the building described in Appendix 1, the structure further comprises a connecting plate that connects the first end of the first wooden shaft and the second wooden shaft, the connecting plate being positioned to overlap the first end and the second wooden shaft in the third direction and being fixed to the first end of the first wooden shaft and the second wooden shaft, respectively.

[0095] [Note 5] In the building described in any one of the appendices 1 to 4, the slit penetrates the first wooden shaft in the third direction, and the first end is divided in the second direction by the slit.

[0096] [Note 6] In the building described in Appendix 2 or 3, the slit penetrates the first wooden shaft in the third direction, the first end is divided in the second direction by the slit, and the reinforcing plate is positioned to straddle the slit in the second direction and is fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit at the first end.

[0097] [Note 7] In the building described in Appendix 4, the slit penetrates the first wooden shaft in the third direction, the first end is divided in the second direction by the slit, and the connecting plate is positioned to straddle the slit in the second direction and is fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit at the first end.

[0098] [Note 8] In the building described in Appendix 1, the structure is a wall, and the first wooden frame is a wooden column. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0099] 10...Building, 11...Foundation as something to be connected, 15...Drift pin as a connecting member, 20...Structure, 21...Frame, 22...Face material, 22a...First fixing part as a fixing part, 22e...Relief part, 23...Connecting plate, 24...Reinforcement plate, 24a...First opposing surface, 24b...Second opposing surface, 25...Nail as a fixing member, 31...Wooden column as the first wooden shaft, 31b...Lower end surface as the first end surface, 33...Lower frame as the second wooden shaft, 34...Slit, 40...Column base hardware as connecting hardware, 45...Insertion part, 221...First section edge, 222...Second section edge, 310...Lower end as the first end, D1...First direction, D2...Second direction, D3...Third direction.

Claims

1. The structure comprises a frame and a plate-shaped surface material fixed to the frame by a fixing member, The frame has a first wooden shaft extending in a first direction and a second wooden shaft extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The first end of the first wooden shaft in the first direction is connected to the object to be connected via a connecting fitting. The end face of the first wooden shaft in the first direction, the first end face located at the first end, is provided with a slit into which the insertion portion of the connecting hardware is inserted. The first wooden shaft is connected to the connecting hardware by a connecting member that passes through the first end and the insertion portion. The aforementioned surface material is A fixing portion that overlaps with the first wooden shaft and is fixed to the first wooden shaft in a third direction perpendicular to both the first and second directions, A relief portion is provided such that the surface material does not overlap the first end in the third direction, Having, architecture.

2. The structure further comprises a reinforcing plate positioned at the first end and adjacent to the surface material in the planar direction of the surface material. The building described in claim 1.

3. The surface material has a first partition edge that extends in the first direction and partitions the relief portion, and a second partition edge that extends in the second direction and partitions the relief portion, The reinforcing plate is positioned in the relief portion, The reinforcing plate has a first opposing surface that faces the first partition edge in the second direction, and a second opposing surface that faces the second partition edge in the first direction. The building according to claim 2.

4. The structure further includes a connecting plate that connects the first end of the first wooden shaft and the second wooden shaft, The connecting plate is positioned so as to overlap the first end and the second wooden shaft in the third direction and is fixed to the first end and the second wooden shaft, respectively. The building described in claim 1.

5. The slit penetrates the first wooden shaft in the third direction, The first end is divided in the second direction by the slit. A building according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The slit penetrates the first wooden shaft in the third direction, The first end is divided in the second direction by the slit, The reinforcing plate is positioned to straddle the slit in the second direction and is fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit at the first end. The building according to claim 2 or 3.

7. The slit penetrates the first wooden shaft in the third direction, The first end is divided in the second direction by the slit, The connecting plate is positioned to straddle the slit in the second direction and is fixed to each of the portions located on both sides of the slit at the first end. The building according to claim 4.

8. The aforementioned structure is a wall, and the first wooden shaft is a wooden column. The building described in claim 1.

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