Search reference signal configuration for antenna switching and carrier switching

Abstract

A system, apparatus, method, and computer-readable medium for SRS configuration for antenna switching and / or carrier switching are provided. The described techniques may be used in multi-TRP and / or single-TRP communication. Also, techniques for beam configuration for SRS with antenna switching are described. For example, the embodiments provide techniques for beam configuration / update for SRS antenna switching, taking into account beam change signaling received during antenna switching procedures. Other embodiments may also be described and claimed.

Description

Technical Field

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[0001] Cross - reference to related applications.

[0002] This application claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2021 / 081066, filed on March 16, 2021; International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2021 / 085522, filed on April 5, 2021; International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2021 / 085573, filed on April 6, 2021; International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2021 / 088007, filed on April 19, 2021; International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2021 / 123518, filed on October 13, 2021; and International Patent Application No. PCT / CN2021 / 124305, filed on October 18, 2021.

[0003] Field Various embodiments may generally relate to the field of wireless communication. For example, some embodiments may relate to the configuration of sounding reference signals for antenna switching and / or carrier switching.

Background Art

[0004] The 3GPP® New Radio (NR) Release (Rel)-15 specification supports various types of sounding reference signal (SRS) resource sets. An SRS resource set consists of a "usage" parameter that can be set to "beamManagement," "codebook," "nonCodebook," or "antennaSwitching." An SRS resource set configured for "beamManagement" is used for beam acquisition and uplink beam indication using SRS. An SRS resource set configured for "codebook" and "nonCodebook" is used to determine UL precoding using explicit indication by transmission precoding matrix index (TPMI) or implicit indication by SRS resource index (SRI). Finally, the SRS resource set configured for "antenna switching" is used to obtain downlink (DL) channel state information (CSI) using SRS measurements at the user equipment (UE) by leveraging channel reciprocity in time-domain duplexing (TDD) systems. For SRS transmissions, the time-domain behavior can be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic. Currently, the maximum number of SRS resource sets that can be configured in a single UE is 16 (maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets INTEGER::=16). [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0005] Embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in relation to the accompanying drawings. For the sake of this description, similar reference numerals indicate similar structural elements. Embodiments are shown in the figures of the accompanying drawings as examples, not as limitations. [Figure 1] Examples of radio resource control (RRC) messages for SRS resource set configurations in various embodiments are shown. [Figure 2] Examples of RRC reconstruction required for antenna switching between transmit / receive points (TRPs) in various embodiments are shown. [Figure 3] Examples of RRC reconfiguration required for SRS carrier switching, based on various embodiments, are shown. [Figure 4] This document presents an example of a redundant SRS resource set for antenna switching in multi-TRP operation, according to various embodiments. [Figure 5A] This document presents an example of a periodic SRS configuration for antenna switching in multi-TRP operation, according to various embodiments. [Figure 5B] This document presents an example of a periodic SRS configuration for antenna switching in multi-TRP operation, according to various embodiments. [Figure 6] Examples of power control parameters indicated by downlink control information (DCI) for antenna switching in multi-TRP operation, according to various embodiments, are shown. [Figure 7] This illustrates beam-changing signal transmission received between triggered non-periodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching, according to various embodiments. [Figure 8] An example of a media access control element (MAC CE) having a one-to-one mapping between an SRS resource set ID and a path loss reference signal (RS) ID is shown. [Figure 9] Another example of an improved MAC CE for SRS path loss RS update is shown, according to various embodiments. [Figure 10] This document presents an example of MAC-CE for updating spatial relationships between multiple SRS resource sets, using various embodiments. [Figure 11] This shows examples of sequential SRS transmission to different TRPs using various embodiments. [Figure 12]Examples of interlaced SRS transmissions toward different TRPs using various embodiments are shown. [Figure 13] This shows examples of various embodiments where there is no instruction for a new beam during an ongoing SRS transmission for antenna switching. [Figure 14] This document illustrates networks in various embodiments. [Figure 15] A schematic diagram of wireless networks in various embodiments is provided. [Figure 16] This block diagram shows components according to several exemplary embodiments that can read instructions from a machine-readable medium or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-temporary machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein. [Figure 17] This specification provides exemplary procedures for carrying out the various embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 18] This specification provides exemplary procedures for carrying out the various embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 19] This specification provides exemplary procedures for carrying out the various embodiments discussed herein. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0006] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. The following description includes specific details such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, and techniques, for illustrative purposes only, not limiting purposes, to provide a full understanding of the various aspects of the various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure that various aspects of the various embodiments may be implemented in other examples that deviate from these specific details. In certain cases, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to overshadow the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary details. For the purposes of this specification, the phrase "A or B" means (A), (B), or (A and B).

[0007] Various embodiments of this specification provide techniques for SRS configuration for antenna switching and / or carrier switching. The embodiments may be used in multi-TRP and / or single-TRP communications. Some embodiments may additionally or alternatively provide techniques for beam configuration for SRS with antenna switching. For example, embodiments provide techniques for beam configuration / update for SRS antenna switching, taking into account beam change signal transmission received during the antenna switching procedure.

[0008] Figure 1 shows the RRC configuration for an SRS resource set. When an SRS resource set is configured as "aperiodic," it also includes a configuration of trigger states (one or more) (aperiodicSRS-ResourceTrigger, aperiodicSRS-ResourceTriggerList). The trigger states define which DCI code points trigger the corresponding SRS resource set transmission.

[0009] In the RRC configuration for the SRS resource set, the following parameters are applied for power control: • alpha. This indicates the alpha value used for SRS power control, which is a path loss compensation factor. • p0. This indicates the p0 value for SRS power control, which is the target received SRS power. • pathlossReferenceRS. This indicates the reference signal used for path loss estimation. · srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState. This indicates an SRS power control state, which is one of {a separate power control state that is the same as the first PUSCH power control state, the same as the second PUSCH power control state}.

[0010] SRS can also be used for carrier switching to perform sounding across several component carriers without configured pushes. For carrier switching, the use of the SRS resource set is set to "antennaSwitching" and the power control state is set to "separateClosedLoop". SRS for carrier switching is triggered by DCI format 2_3.

[0011] Aperiodic SRS can be triggered via an SRS request field in the DCI. The SRS request field may be carried by DCI formats 0_1 / 0_2 / 1_1 / 1_2 / 2_3, where DCI formats 0_1 / 0_2 are used to schedule PUSCH, DCI formats 1_1 / 1_2 are used to schedule PDSCH, and DCI formats 2_3 are used to trigger aperiodic SRS for a group of UEs. In Rel-17, aperiodic SRS can also be triggered by DCI formats 0_1 / 0_2 without scheduling PUSCH.

[0012] Regarding antenna switching in Rel-15 / Rel-16, it supports an antenna configuration of xTyR having {x = 1, 2, 4; y = 1, 2, 4, and x <= y}. Table 1 shows the SRS resource set configuration for antenna switching in Rel-15 / Rel-16. [Table 1]

[0013] In Rel-17, antenna switching is extended for up to 8 Rx, e.g., for xTyR having {x = 1, 2, 4; y = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8; x <= y}. Table 2 shows an example of the newly added antenna configuration (see 3GPP RAN1#104-e meeting). [Table 2]

[0014] Currently, SRS antenna switching does not consider multi-TRP operation, and SRS power control related parameters are semi-statically configured by RRC. Multiple SRS resource sets for antenna switching are configured with power control parameters for one TRP, e.g., TRP#A. If the network side wants to trigger antenna switching for DL CSI acquisition on another TRP (TRP#B), an RRC reconfiguration is required to reconfigure the power control parameters of the SRS resource set. This leads to a lot of RRC reconfiguration signaling overhead. Figure 2 shows an example of this problem.

[0015] In addition, in single TRP operation, SRS carrier switching would use some SRS resource set with an application configured as "antennaSwitching". However, SRS carrier switching triggered by DCI format 2_3 is expected to use a separate power control state from PUSCH, such as "separateCloseLoop". That is, before triggering SRS carrier switching, the gNB must perform RRC reconfiguration to change the power control state setting for the SRS resource set, which leads to additional signal transmission overhead. Figure 3 illustrates an example of this problem.

[0016] Therefore, the current SRS resource configuration for antenna switching and carrier switching is not flexible and can lead to significant signal transmission overhead.

[0017] In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure provide techniques for SRS resource configurations for antenna switching and carrier switching, taking into account multi-TRP and single-TRP operation.

[0018] Scenario A: SRS configuration for antenna switching and carrier switching in a multi-TRP environment In one embodiment, for multi-TRP operation, the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching should be extended. If the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching in a single TRP is M, then in multi-TRP operation of two TRPs, two groups of aperiodic SRS resource sets should be configured for antenna switching. Each group contains M aperiodic SRS resource sets, for example, the total number of aperiodic SRS resource sets in multi-TRP is 2*M. In the first group, the power control parameters of the M aperiodic SRS resource sets are associated with the first TRP. In the second group, the power control parameters of the M aperiodic SRS resource sets are associated with the second TRP. The power control parameters may include one, some, or all of the following parameters: • SRS Power Control Adjustment State, "srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState" -For example, the M aperiodic SRS resource sets in the first group should consist of the same ones as the first PUSCH power control state. The M aperiodic SRS resource sets in the second group should consist of the same ones as the second PUSCH power control state. • Path loss reference signal, "pathlossReferenceRS" -For example, the M aperiodic SRS resource sets in the first group should be constructed using the path loss RS associated with the first TRP. The M aperiodic SRS resource sets in the second group should be constructed using the path loss RS associated with the second TRP. ·p0, "p0" · Alpha, "alpha" • Spatial relationships, "spatialRelationInfo" -For example, all SRS resources in the first group of M aperiodic SRS resource sets should be configured with spatial relationships associated with the first TRP. All SRS resources in the second group of M aperiodic SRS resource sets should be configured with spatial relationships associated with the second TRP.

[0019] Figure 4 shows an example of operation.

[0020] To support dynamic switching between TRPs and between single and multi-TRPs, different groups of aperiodic SRS resource sets may be configured with different trigger states. For example, a first group of aperiodic SRS resource sets may be configured with trigger state #1, and a second group of aperiodic SRS resource sets may be configured with trigger state #2. In this way, different trigger states indicated by DCI can trigger antenna switching operations toward different TRPs.

[0021] Different groups of aperiodic SRS resource sets may also be configured with the same trigger state value to trigger antenna switching operations toward both TRPs.

[0022] In another example, different groups of aperiodic SRS resource sets for xTyR may be configured with the same trigger state. Furthermore, MAC-CE may be introduced to activate / deactivate one or more aperiodic SRS resource sets. Only activated aperiodic SRS resource sets are sent.

[0023] In another embodiment, for multi-TRP operation, the number of periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets for antenna switching should be extended. If the number of periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets for antenna switching in a single TRP is N, then in multi-TRP operation of two TRPs, two groups of periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets should be configured for antenna switching. Each group contains N periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets, and for example, the total number of periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets in multi-TRP is 2*N. In the first group, the power control parameters of the N periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets are associated with the first TRP. In the second group, the power control parameters of the N periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets are associated with the second TRP. Alternatively, if PUSCH is not scheduled and SRS is triggered by DCI format 0_1 / 0_2 with or without a CSI request, some unused fields in the DCI, for example, some unused fields, may be reused. Power control parameters may include one or more (for example, all) of the following parameters: • SRS Power Control Adjustment State, "srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState" -For example, the N periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource sets in the first group should be composed of the same elements as the first PUSCH power control state. The N periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource sets in the second group should be composed of the same elements as the second PUSCH power control state. • Path loss reference signal, "pathlossReferenceRS" -For example, the N periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets in the first group should be constructed using the path loss RS associated with the first TRP. The N periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets in the second group should be constructed using the path loss RS associated with the second TRP. ·p0, "p0" · Alpha, "alpha" • Spatial relationships, "spatialRelationInfo" -For example, all SRS resources in a set of N periodic / semi-permanent SRS resources in the first group should be configured with spatial relationships associated with the first TRP. All SRS resources in a set of N periodic / semi-permanent SRS resources in the second group should be configured with spatial relationships associated with the second TRP.

[0024] In another example, MAC-CE may be used to activate / deactivate one or more periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets to support dynamic switching between TRPs, as well as dynamic switching between single-TRP and multi-TRP systems. Only activated periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets can be transmitted.

[0025] In another embodiment, for a given xTyR antenna switching configuration in a multi-TRP, the number of periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets may be configured to be the same as that in a single TRP. For example, in the case of a multi-TRP, only one periodic and / or one semi-persistent SRS resource set is configured. The number of SRS resources in a periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set in a multi-TRP should be twice the number of SRS resources in a single TRP. Also, the SRS resources in a periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set may be transmitted to different TRPs.

[0026] For example, in the case of 2T4R, in the case of a single TRP, only one periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource set is configured, and there are two SRS resources contained in the SRS resource set. In the case of multiple TRPs, only one periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource set is configured, and there are four SRS resources contained in the SRS resource set. Figures 5A and 5B show an example of operation. Figure 5A shows an example of 2T4R antenna switching in a single TRP. Figure 5B shows an example of 2T4R antenna switching in a multi-TRP.

[0027] For multiple SRS resources targeting different TRPs within a periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource set, transmission can be sequential or interlaced. For example, suppose there are four SRS resources #1-#4, where SRS resources #1 and #2 target TRP #A, and SRS resources #3 and #4 target TRP #B. In the sequential method, the transmission sequence would be SRS #1, #2, then #3, #4. In the interlaced method, the transmission sequence would be SRS #1, #3, then #2, #4. Between SRS resources directed to different TRPs, there should be a guard period (protection period) for the UE to perform antenna switching / beam switching / panel switching.

[0028] For multiple SRS resources targeting different TRPs within the same periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource set, the SRS resource should be configured with TRP-specific parameters that include one, some, or all of the following parameters (these parameters will be configured at the SRS resource level): • SRS power control adjustment status, or SRS closed-loop power control index • Path loss reference signal • Spatial relationships P0 value • Alpha value

[0029] MAC-CE may be used to update the above parameters for one or more SRS resources within an SRS resource set.

[0030] Alternatively, one, some, or all of the above parameters may be defined as parameters set by the RRC at the SRS resource level (or, the SRS power control adjustment state, P0, and alpha may be added to the path loss reference signal IE or spatial relation IE).

[0031] RRC can constitute a parameter set for the SRS resource, for example, a list of multiple parameter sets. MAC-CE can indicate a single parameter set applied for the SRS (by parameter set ID). Alternatively, the parameter set may be implicitly indicated by a path loss path loss reference signal ID or a spatial relation ID.

[0032] In another example, MAC-CE may be used to activate / deactivate several SRS resources in a periodic / semi-persistent SRS set to enable dynamic switching between single-TRP and multi-TRP operation. Only activated SRS resources are transmitted. For example, suppose there are four SRS resources #1-#4 in a periodic SRS resource set, with SRS resources #1 and #2 targeting TRP #A and SRS resources #3 and #4 targeting TRP #B. MAC-CE can deactivate SRS resources #3 and #4. In that case, only SRS #1 and #2 are transmitted periodically, and antenna switching, for example, is performed only on TRP #A.

[0033] In another example, if the UE supports either a Rel-17 joint DL / UL TCI state or a Rel-17 separate DL / UL TCI state, the TCI state may be associated with one or more (e.g., all) of the following parameters for the SRS: • SRS power control adjustment status, or SRS closed-loop power control index • Path loss reference signal P0 value • Alpha value

[0034] When a gNB indicates one or two TCI states for a UE, the relevant parameters may apply for SRS transmissions directed to different TRPs. The mapping between TCI states and corresponding SRS resources may be implicit via SRS power control adjustment states. For example, if a TCI state is associated with a first SRS power control adjustment state (or a first TRP), then the TCI state applies for SRS resources that have a first SRS power control adjustment state configured by the RRC or updated by the MAC-CE.

[0035] Note: The MAC-CE / TCI state in this embodiment may also apply when multiple SRS periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets are configured in a multi-TRP (a periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set that is duplicated compared to a single TRP).

[0036] In another embodiment, for a given xTyR antenna switching configuration in a multi-TRP, the number of periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets may be configured to be the same as that of a single TRP. For example, in the case of a multi-TRP, only one periodic and / or one semi-persistent SRS resource set is configured. The number of SRS resources in a periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set in a multi-TRP is the same as the number of SRS resources in a single TRP. The SRS resources in a periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set are then transmitted to the same TRP. TRP-specific parameters for SRS may be reconfigured / updated by RRC / MAC-CE / DCI.

[0037] In another embodiment, for a certain xTyR antenna switching configuration in a multi-TRP, if the UE supports a Rel-17 joint DL / UL TCI state or a Rel-17 separate DL / UL TCI state, the same number of periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets as a single TRP may be configured, with twice the number of SRS resources in each set, which may be transmitted to different TRPs. Otherwise, the number of periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets may be twice that of a single TRP, but the number of SRS resources in each set is the same as that of a single TRP.

[0038] In another embodiment, MAC-CE may be used to update SRS uses. For example, if an SRS resource set is configured with antennaSwitching, MAC-CE can update its use to a codebook. This embodiment may apply to one, some, or all SRS uses (codebook, non-codebook, antennaSwitching, and beamManagement), and to one or more (e.g., all) of the SRS types (e.g., periodic, semi-permanent, and aperiodic).

[0039] In another embodiment, for multi-TRP operation, the maximum number of SRS resource sets that can be configured for a single UE can be extended to, for example, 32 or 64 (maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets INTEGER::=32 or maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets INTEGER::=64). The number of trigger states for aperiodic SRS and the field length for SRS requests in DCI can also be extended to support flexible triggering.

[0040] In another embodiment, for multi-TRP operation, the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching may be maintained the same as for single-TRP operation. Power control parameters for aperiodic SRS resource sets may be changed by triggering a DCI, for example, TRP-specific power control parameters may be dynamically indicated by a DCI that triggers aperiodic SRS. A list of SRS power control parameter sets may be configured by an RRC, and a DCI that triggers aperiodic SRS may indicate which set will apply for the triggered SRS. New fields that can trigger aperiodic SRS should be added to the DCI. Alternatively, if a PUSCH is not scheduled and an SRS is triggered by DCI format 0_1 / 0_2 with or without a CSI request, some unused fields in the DCI, for example, some unused fields, may be reused. Power control parameters may include one or more (e.g., all) of the following parameters: • SRS Power Control Adjustment State, "srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState" • Path loss reference signal, "pathlossReferenceRS" ·p0, "p0" · Alpha, "alpha" • Spatial relationships, "spatialRelationInfo"

[0041] For example, the RRC may comprise the following set of power control parameters for the SRS (only the SRS power control state and path loss RS are included as examples; more or fewer parameters may be included): SRSPowerControlTRP1::=SEQUENCE{ srsPowerControlState ENUMERATED{i0} srsPathlossRS PathlossReferenceRS-Config } SRSPowerControlTRP2::=SEQUENCE{ srsPowerControlState ENUMERATED{i1} srsPathlossRS PathlossReferenceRS-Config }

[0042] In another example, the RRC could comprise the following list for the SRS (only the SRS power control state and path loss RS are included as examples, and more or fewer parameters may be included): SRSPowerControlList-r17 SEQUENCE(SIZE(1…maxNrofSRSPowerControl)) OF SRSPowerControl-Config SRSPowerControl-Config::=SEQUENCE{ srsPowerControlState ENUMERATED{sameAsFci1, sameAsFci2, separateClosedLoop} srsPathlossRS PathlossReferenceRS-Config }

[0043] When considering two separate power control states for an SRS triggered by DCI format 2_3 in a multi-TRP, the RRC configuration may be as follows: SRSPowerControlList-r17 SEQUENCE(SIZE(1…maxNrofSRSPowerControl)) OF SRSPowerControl-Config SRSPowerControl-Config::=SEQUENCE{ srsPowerControlState ENUMERATED{sameAsFci1, sameAsFci2, separateClosedLoop1, separateClosedLoop2} srsPathlossRS PathlossReferenceRS-Config }

[0044] DCIs that trigger aperiodic SRS may include a new field, such as "SRS power control parameter set." The code point in this field can indicate which power control parameter set is applied to the triggered SRS. Figure 6 shows an example of operation.

[0045] In another embodiment, for multi-TRP operation, the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching may be maintained the same as for single-TRP operation. The TRP intrinsic power control parameters for the aperiodic SRS resource set(s) may be modified by MAC-CE. The power control parameters may include one or more (e.g., all) of the following parameters: • SRS Power Control Adjustment State, "srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState" • Path loss reference signal, "pathlossReferenceRS" ·p0, "p0" · Alpha, "alpha" • Spatial relationships, "spatialRelationInfo"

[0046] In another example, the list of SRS power control parameter sets may be constructed by the RRC, and the MAC-CE may indicate which set will apply to the SRS resource set(s).

[0047] In another embodiment, for multi-TRP operation, the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching may be maintained the same as for single-TRP operation. The number of aperiodic SRS resources within a single SRS resource set may be twice that of single-TRP. MAC-CE may be used to activate / deactivate SRS resources for a specific TRP.

[0048] In another embodiment, for FR1 (frequency range 1), since there is no UE-side beamforming, the same number of aperiodic / periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets as a single TRP can be maintained for multi-TRP operation. For example, an SRS resource set is configured with power control parameters associated with TRP#A. If the network wants to perform an antenna switch to TRP#B, the SRS power may be boosted (e.g., the SRS is transmitted at maximum power), and TRP B can also receive the SRS for the antenna switch.

[0049] In another embodiment, with respect to antenna switching in a multi-TRP, for a UE having xTyR (x<=y), the antenna switching operations performed by different TRPs may be the same or different. For example, TRP#1 may perform antenna switching for x1Ty1R, and TRP#2 may perform antenna switching for x2Ty2R. Here: x1 = x2 or x1 ~ = x2 y1=y2 or y1~=y2 x1 ≤ x, x2 ≤ x, y1 ≤ y, y2 ≤ y.

[0050] For example, for a UE capable of 2T8R, TRP#1 can perform the 2T8R antenna switching, and TRP#2 can perform the 2T4R antenna switching.

[0051] In another embodiment, with respect to antenna switching in a multi-TRP, the SRS resource set configuration depends on the antenna switching for each TRP. For example, TRP#1 performs antenna switching for x1Ty1R, which requires M1 SRS resource sets, and TRP#2 performs antenna switching for x2Ty2R, which requires M2 SRS resource sets. In this case, the number of SRS resource sets configured for the UE is M1 + M2.

[0052] In another embodiment, for antenna switching in a multi-TRP, the SRS resource set configuration depends on the UE's capabilities. For example, a UE may be capable of xTyR requiring N SRS resource sets. The UE is then configured with two groups of SRS resource sets, each group containing N SRS resource sets, so that, for example, the UE is configured with 2*N SRS resource sets in total. If one TRP wants to trigger an x'Ty'R (x'=x,y'<=y) antenna switch requiring K resource sets (k<=N), the network can trigger a subset of one group of SRS resource sets, for example, a subset of K SRS resource sets. This configuration can be achieved by configuring an additional trigger state. For example, the N resource sets are configured with trigger state #U, and the subset of K SRS resource sets is configured with an additional trigger state #W. If the TRP wants to perform an xTyR antenna switch, it sends a DCI with trigger state #U. If TRP wants to perform an antenna switch for x'Ty'R, it sends a DCI with the trigger state #W.

[0053] In another embodiment, for antenna switching using xTyR in a multi-TRP, periodic / semi-persistent SRS resources in different periodic / semi-persistent resource sets directed to different TRPs should be configured with the same periodicity and different slot offsets (or should be configured with the same periodicity, the same slot offset and different OFDM symbol positions) to avoid collisions. The time gap between SRS resource sets directed to different TRPs should be sufficient for the UE to perform beam switching / panel switching. In another example, periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets directed to different TRPs may be configured with different periodicities and different OFDM symbol positions. Alternatively, periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets directed to different TRPs may be configured with different periodicities.

[0054] For xTyR antenna switching using the same TRP or a single TRP, if multiple periodic / semi-persistent resource sets are configured, periodic / semi-persistent SRS resources within the periodic / semi-persistent resource set directed to the same TRP should be configured with the same periodicity and different slot offsets. Alternatively, periodic / semi-persistent SRS resources within the periodic / semi-persistent resource set directed to the same TRP may be configured with the same periodicity, the same slot offset, and different OFDM symbol positions.

[0055] Scenario B: SRS for carrier switching in single TRP operation

[0056] In one embodiment, to reduce RRC reconstruction overhead, one or more additional aperiodic / semi-persistent / periodic SRS resource sets may be configured for SRS carrier switching. These aperiodic / semi-persistent / periodic SRS resource sets may have uses set to "antennaSwitching" and SRS power control states set to "separateClosedLoop". For example, if the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching is M, then an additional M aperiodic SRS resource sets may be defined for carrier switching.

[0057] In another embodiment, no additional SRS resource set is introduced specifically for carrier switching. A new field may be introduced into the DCI to dynamically change the SRS power control state. For carrier switching, the field should indicate a separate power control state as PUSCH.

[0058] In another embodiment, with respect to carrier switching, the power control state of an aperiodic SRS resource set may be implicitly indicated by the DCI format. When an aperiodic SRS resource set with an application set to "antennaSwitching" is triggered by DCI format 2_3, the power control state of the SRS resource set is implicitly changed to a separate power control state as PUSCH.

[0059] Scenario C: Mixed configuration of xTyR for antenna switching

[0060] In some embodiments, for single-TRP or multi-TRP, the UE may be configured with multiple xTyR configurations and multiple periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets for antenna switching of different xTyR (for multiple xTyR configurations, the number of Tx antennas, e.g., x, may be the same or different). For example, if the UE can support 2T4R, the UE may be configured simultaneously with periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets for both 1T4R and 2T4R. The UE may be configured with one periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set for 2T4R (containing two SRS resources, each with two SRS ports), and the UE may be configured with another periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set for 1T4R (containing four SRS resources, each with one SRS port).

[0061] Multiple periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets for different xTyR may or may not be active simultaneously. Within each SRS resource set, the number of SRS ports is the same. Across different SRS resource sets, the number of SRS ports may or may not be the same.

[0062] MAC-CE may be used to activate / deactivate a single periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set so that dynamic switching between different xTyRs can be achieved.

[0063] For example, a UE capable of 2T4R consists of one semi-persistent SRS resource set for 2T4R and one semi-persistent SRS resource set for 1T4R. The gNB may send a MAC-CE to activate the SRS resource set for 2T4R and enable the 2T4R antenna switching operation. If the gNB wants the UE to perform 1T4R operation, the gNB can send a MAC-CE to activate the SRS resource set for 1T4R.

[0064] A MAC-CE can activate or deactivate only one periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set, or activation and deactivation can be performed via a single MAC-CE.

[0065] In another embodiment, a periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource set may include SRS resources with different numbers of SRS ports for different xTyR configurations. For example, a periodic / semi-persistent resource set may include two SRS resources with two ports (for 2T4R), or it may also include four SRS resources with one port (for 1T4R). MAC-CE can be used to activate / deactivate several SRS resources to enable / disable certain xTyR operations. For example, if the gNB wants to perform a 2T4R operation, the SRS resource with two ports should be activated. If the gNB wants to perform a 1T4R operation, the SRS resource with one port should be activated.

[0066] In another embodiment, for single-TRP or multi-TRP, the UE may be configured with multiple xTyR configurations and multiple aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching of different xTyR (for multiple xTyR configurations, the number of Tx antennas, e.g., x, may be the same or different). For example, if the UE can support 2T4R, the UE may be configured with aperiodic SRS resource sets for both 1T4R and 2T4R simultaneously. The UE may be configured with one aperiodic SRS resource set for 2T4R (containing two SRS resources, each with two SRS ports), and the UE may be configured with another aperiodic SRS resource set for 1T4R (containing four SRS resources, each with one SRS port).

[0067] In multiple aperiodic SRS resource sets for different xTyRs, the number of SRS ports is the same within each SRS resource set. Across different SRS resource sets, the number of SRS ports may be the same or different.

[0068] Aperiodic SRS resource sets for different xTyRs can be configured with different trigger states. Therefore, different trigger states can trigger the corresponding xTyR operation with aperiodic SRS. For example, an aperiodic SRS resource set for 2T4R is configured with trigger state #1, and an aperiodic SRS resource set for 1T4R is configured with trigger state #2. Thus, when trigger state #1 is indicated via DCI, the 2T4R operation is triggered.

[0069] In another example, MAC-CE may be used to activate / deactivate a single aperiodic SRS resource set. Only those activated aperiodic SRS resource sets can be triggered by DCI for transmission.

[0070] In another embodiment, the aperiodic SRS resource set may include SRS resources having different numbers of SRS ports for different xTyR configurations. For example, the aperiodic resource set may include two SRS resources with two ports (for 2T4R) and also four SRS resources with one port (for 1T4R). MAC-CE may be used to activate / deactivate some SRS resources. For example, if the gNB wants to perform 2T4R operation, the SRS resource with two ports should be activated. If the gNB wants to perform 1T4R operation, the SRS resource with one port should be activated.

[0071] In one embodiment, MAC-CE may be used by gNB to update and / or reconfigure the number of antenna ports for SRS resources in one or more SRS resource sets, where the SRS may be periodic, semi-permanent, or aperiodic. The SRS may be used for antenna switching or other applications, such as codebook / non-codebook, beam management.

[0072] For example, in the case of 2T4R antenna switching, one SRS resource set contains two SRS resources, and each SRS resource has two ports. MAC-CE can reconfigure the two SRS resources to have one port, which can then be used as 1T2R. Therefore, switching between 1T2R and 2T4R may be supported.

[0073] In another example, MAC-CE can also activate / deactivate SRS resources within one or more SRS resource sets. For example, a UE is capable of 2T8R and consists of one SRS resource set containing four SRS resources, each SRS resource having two ports. MAC-CE may be used to deactivate two SRS resources and reconfigure the remaining two SRS resources (or all SRS resources) to one port to enable 1T2R operation.

[0074] In another embodiment, the UE may report the xTyR configuration it wishes to execute. The report may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic. The report may be MAC-CE or RRC based. For aperiodic reports, it is triggered by DCI. For periodic or semi-persistent reports, a timer may be introduced to control the report, and the timer is configured by gNB. After xTyR antenna switching is enabled, the UE starts the timer. After the timer expires, the UE sends the report and then restarts the timer.

[0075] Note: In all embodiments of this disclosure, the term “multi-TRP” may refer to a single DCI multi-TRP and / or a multi-DCI multi-TRP.

[0076] Beam configuration for SRS with antenna switching When the SRS resource set is configured as "aperiodic", the SRS resource set also includes the configuration of the trigger state(s) (aperiodicSRS-ResourceTrigger, aperiodicSRS-ResourceTriggerList). The trigger state(s) defines which DCI code point(s) trigger the transmission of the corresponding SRS resource set.

[0077] Regarding antenna switching, in Rel-15 / Rel-16, it supports the antenna configuration of xTyR where {x = 1, 2, 4; y = 1, 2, 4, and x <= y}.

[0078] In Rel-17, antenna switching is extended with up to 8Rx, for example, with xTyR of {x = 1, 2, 4; y = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8; x <= y}. Table 2 (reproduced below for ease of reference) shows examples of newly added antenna configurations (see 3GPP RAN1#104-e meeting).

Table 3

[0079] Regarding antenna switching, based on the channel reciprocity in the TDD system, the gNB can derive the precoder for downlink transmission by measuring the channel from the SRS signal transmitted in the uplink. For xTyR where x < y, multiple SRS resources / SRS resource sets are required to probe all the channels observed by different antennas.

[0080] In Rel-17, beam indication can be delivered via DCI. The DCI can indicate the following: · Common DL / UL TCI state · Separate DL / UL TCI state.

[0081] For beam designation via DCI in Rel-17, there is an application time that defines when the UE can utilize the designated beam after the DCI is received.

[0082] In Rel-17, as shown in Table 2, there may be multiple aperiodic SRS resource sets configured for antenna switching, which will occupy multiple uplink slots for SRS transmission. In this case, the UE may receive a signal transmission that changes the UE Tx beam, and this signal transmission may be received between multiple triggered aperiodic SRS resource sets. In this case, it should be clarified whether the UE should change beam for the remainder of the triggered SRS transmission. If the UE changes beam, the measurements across multiple SRS resource sets will be from different beams, which is undesirable.

[0083] Figure 7 shows an example of this problem.

[0084] Current SRS antenna switching does not yet take into account the transmission of beam change signals received during the antenna switching procedure.

[0085] The embodiments described herein may be directed toward beam configuration / update for SRS antenna switching, taking into account the transmission of beam change signals received during the antenna switching procedure.

[0086] Beam configuration for SRS with antenna switching In the embodiment, for SRS with antenna switching performed by the same TRP, all SRS resources included in all aperiodic SRS resource sets triggered by the same DCI should be configured with the same beam (this may also apply to single TRP operation). For SRS with antenna switching performed by different TRPs, different beams may be applied for SRS directed to different TRPs. The beam may be configured by RRC, updated by MAC-CE, or indicated by DCI.

[0087] For SRS with antenna switching performed by the same TRP, all aperiodic SRS resource sets triggered by the same DCI should be configured with the same values ​​for the following parameters: alpha, p0, pathlossReferenceRS, srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState (this may also apply to single TRP operation). For SRS with antenna switching performed by different TRPs, different values ​​for these parameters may apply to SRS resource sets directed to different TRPs. These parameters (alpha, p0, pathlossReferenceRS, srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState) may be configured by the RRC, updated by the MAC-CE, or indicated by the DCI. In another example, pathlossReferenceRS may be derived from a joint DL / UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state.

[0088] In another example, for an SRS with antenna switching performed by the same TRP, all SRS resources in a single aperiodic SRS resource set should be configured with the same beam (this can also apply to single TRP operation), where the beam may be configured by RRC, updated by MAC-CE, or indicated by DCI. For an SRS with antenna switching performed by different TRPs, different beams may be applied to SRS resource sets directed to different TRPs.

[0089] In the embodiment, the MAC-CE for updating the path loss reference signal for the SRS may be updated to accept multiple SRS resource sets to reduce signal transmission. The SRS resource sets (one or more) within the MAC-CE may consist of the same or different uses (codebook, non-codebook, antenna switching, beam management). The SRS resource sets may also be periodic, semi-permanent, or aperiodic.

[0090] Figure 8 shows an example of MAC-CE, where the path loss reference RS ID within MAC-CE can be applied to all SRS resource sets indicated by the SRS resource set ID within MAC-CE.

[0091] Figure 9 shows another example of MAC-CE, where there is a one-to-one mapping between the SRS resource set ID and the path loss reference RS ID.

[0092] In another example, MAC-CE may also update the values ​​of parameters such as alpha, p0, and srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState. For example, srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState may be added to MAC-CE. Then, a list of {p0,alpha} may be constructed by RRC, and MAC-CE selects one entry for one SRS resource set. Or, a list of {p0,alpha,srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState} may be constructed by RRC, and MAC-CE selects one entry for one SRS resource set.

[0093] The same path loss reference signal should be configured by MAC-CE for SRS resource sets configured with antenna switching for the same TRP (this may also apply to single TRP operation).

[0094] In embodiments, a MAC-CE for updating spatial relationships for SRS may be defined to accept multiple SRS resource sets. The SRS resource sets (one or more) within the MAC-CE may consist of the same or different uses (codebook, non-codebook, antenna switching, beam management). Furthermore, the SRS resource sets may be periodic, semi-permanent, or aperiodic.

[0095] Figure 10 shows an example of MAC-CE for updating spatial relationships for multiple SRS resource sets, and the same spatial relationships apply to all SRS resource sets indicated by the SRS resource set ID in MAC-CE. Field F indicates the type of resource ID, for example, whether it is an SSB or a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS or SRS. If 'F' is set to '1', it indicates that the resource ID is an NZP CSI-RS. If 'F' is set to '0', the first bit of the resource ID is always set to '0'. If 'F' is set to '0' and the second bit of the resource ID is set to '0', the remaining bits of the resource ID indicate an SRS resource ID. If 'F' is set to '0' and the second bit of the resource ID is set to '1', the remaining bits of the resource ID indicate an SSB index.

[0096] In another example, MAC-CE may contain multiple spatial relationships and multiple SRS resource sets, with a one-to-one mapping between the spatial relationships and the SRS resource sets.

[0097] In another example, a legacy MAC-CE for updating spatial relationships for aperiodic or semi-permanent SRS may be updated to apply to multiple SRS resource sets. This may include all SRS resources within multiple SRS resource sets, and each SRS resource should be configured with one spatial relationship.

[0098] The same spatial relationship should be configured by MAC-CE for a set of SRS resources configured with antenna switching for the same TRP (this may also apply to single TRP operation). Alternatively, the same spatial relationship should be configured by MAC-CE for all SRS resources within a single set of SRS resources configured with antenna switching.

[0099] In this embodiment, if multiple aperiodic SRS resource sets are triggered by the same DCI for antenna switching to different TRPs, the multiple SRS resource sets are expected to be transmitted sequentially to avoid frequent beam changes. For example, after transmitting all SRS resource sets to the first TRP, the UE begins transmitting SRS resource sets to the second TRP. For example, M SRS resource sets are configured for antenna switching at TRP#1, and N SRS resource sets are configured for antenna switching at TRP#2. If both M and N SRS resource sets are triggered by the same DCI, then M SRS resource sets should be transmitted to TRP#1, and then N SRS resource sets may be transmitted to TRP#2. This embodiment may also be applied to other applications, such as SRS configured with codebooks, non-codebooks, and beamManagement. This embodiment may also be applied when aperiodic SRS resource sets with different applications are triggered by the same DCI in a multi-TRP configuration.

[0100] Figure 11 shows an example of sequential SRS transmission to different TRPs.

[0101] In this embodiment, the UE may be configured using interlaced transmissions for multiple aperiodic SRS resource sets in a multi-TRP. This embodiment may also be applied to other applications, such as SRS configured with codebooks, non-codebooks, and beamManagement. This embodiment may also be applied when aperiodic SRS resource sets with different applications are triggered by the same DCI in a multi-TRP. Figure 12 shows an example of operation.

[0102] In another example, the UE is not expected to be configured using interlaced transmissions for multiple aperiodic SRS resource sets in a multi-TRP.

[0103] In embodiments, if TCI states are used for uplink beam indication in a multi-TRP, multiple TCI states should be indicated to the UE (or one TCI state corresponds to two beams, one from each TRP). TCI states can be implicitly or explicitly associated with different TRPs. When transmitting an SRS (e.g., including periodic, semi-permanent, and / or aperiodic), the applicable TCI state may be determined by the TRP associated with the SRS resource set, for example, via the SRS power control adjustment state.

[0104] In the embodiment, with respect to SRS antenna switching in a multi-TRP scenario, the UE is not expected to be triggered by the same DCI with antenna switching to different TRPs. For example, one DCI can only trigger antenna switching to one TRP.

[0105] In the embodiment, for SRS antenna switching, the aperiodic SRS resource set should be configured to be transmitted through consecutive uplink slots.

[0106] Timing for beam update for SRS with antenna switching Legacy Space Related In the embodiment, when a legacy spatial relationship is applied for an SRS with antenna switching, the same spatial relationship should apply to all SRS resources included in all SRS resource sets directed to the same TRP (this may also apply to single TRP operation). When SRS antenna switching is performed between different TRPs, different spatial relationships may apply to SRS transmitted to different TRPs.

[0107] In this embodiment, for SRS with antenna switching, when multiple SRS resource sets are triggered toward the same TRP, the following options may be applied during the time period ΔT from the transmission of the first SRS resource set to the transmission of the last SRS resource set (this embodiment may also be applicable to single TRP operation): During a period of ΔT, the UE is not expected to receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS toward the same TRP, and / or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS toward the same TRP is not expected to become valid during a period of ΔT. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP, but the spatial relation / path loss reference RS will not be valid during the ΔT time period (there is not enough time for MAC-CE to be applied), and therefore the indicated TCI will not be used for the remaining SRS. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS to the same TRP, or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS to the same TRP may become valid but be discarded by the UE. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP, or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP may become valid, but the spatial relation / path loss reference RS will not be applied to the transmission of the remaining SRS resources. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP, or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP may become effective, and the spatial relation / path loss reference RS may then be applied for the transmission of the remaining SRS resources.

[0108] In another example, the following options may apply during the period ΔT: During the period ΔT, the UE is not expected to receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS to a different TRP, nor is it expected that a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS to a different TRP will become effective. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS to a different TRP, or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS to a different TRP becomes valid but is discarded by the UE. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to a different TRP, or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to a different TRP becomes valid. The spatial relation / path loss reference RS may be applied for communication with another TRP if there is no ongoing aperiodic SRS antenna switching with that TRP. Otherwise, the joint spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the different TRP should be discarded. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to a different TRP, or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to a different TRP may become valid. The spatial relation / path loss reference RS may be applied for communication with another TRP.

[0109] In the embodiment, for aperiodic SRS involving antenna switching, if the UE receives a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS before the transmission of the first SRS resource, and the MAC-CE application time is well before the SRS transmission, the updated spatial relation / path loss reference RS may be applied for the SRS transmission.

[0110] Joint DL / UL TCI status In the embodiment, if a joint DL / UL TCI state can be applied for an SRS with antenna switching, the same joint DL / UL TCI state should apply to all SRS resources included in all SRS resource sets directed to the same TRP (this can also apply to single TRP operation). If SRS antenna switching occurs between different TRPs, different joint DL / UL TCI states may apply to SRS transmitted to different TRPs.

[0111] In this embodiment, for SRS with antenna switching, if multiple SRS resource sets are triggered toward the same TRP, the following options may be applied during the time period ΔT from the transmission of the first SRS resource set to the transmission of the last SRS resource set (this embodiment may also be applicable to single TRP operation). During the period ΔT, the UE is not expected to receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, as shown in Figure 13, and / or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP is not expected to become active during the time period ΔT. During a period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed toward the same TRP, but the joint DL / UL TCI state will not be valid during the ΔT time period (the time is not sufficient for the application of the indicated TCI state), and therefore the indicated TCI will not be used for the rest of the SRS. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP may become active but be discarded by the UE. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP may become active, but the joint TCI state will not apply for the transmission of the remaining SRS resources. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP may become active and then be applied for the transmission of the remaining SRS resources.

[0112] In another example, the following options may apply during the period ΔT: During the period of ΔT, the UE is not expected to receive a DCI indicating a joint DL / UL TCI state directed to a different TRP, nor is it expected that a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to a different TRP will become active. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating a joint DL / UL TCI state directed to a different TRP, or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to a different TRP may become active but be discarded by the UE. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating a joint DL / UL TCI state directed to a different TRP, or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to a different TRP may become active. The joint DL / UL TCI state may be applied for communication with another TRP if there is no ongoing aperiodic SRS antenna switching with that TRP. Otherwise, the joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the different TRP should be discarded. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating a joint DL / UL TCI state toward a different TRP, or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state toward a different TRP may become active. A joint DL / UL TCI state may be applied for communication with another TRP.

[0113] In the embodiment, for aperiodic SRS with antenna switching, if the UE receives a joint DL / UL TCI state before the transmission of the first SRS resource, and the beam application time is sufficient for UE beam switching / panel switching, the joint TCI state may be applied for SRS transmission.

[0114] Separate DL / UL TCI status In the embodiment, if separate DL / UL TCI states can be applied to SRS with antenna switching, the same UL TCI state should be applied to all SRS resources included in all SRS resource sets directed to the same TRP (this can also be applied to single TRP operation). When SRS antenna switching occurs between different TRPs, different UL TCI states can be applied to SRS transmitted to different TRPs.

[0115] In this embodiment, for SRS with antenna switching, if multiple SRS resource sets are triggered toward the same TRP, the following options may be applied during the time period ΔT from the transmission of the first SRS resource set to the transmission of the last SRS resource set (this embodiment may also be applicable to single TRP operation): During the period ΔT, the UE is not expected to receive a DCI indicating another distinct UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, and / or a previously indicated distinct UL TCI state directed to the same TRP is not expected to become active during the period ΔT. During a period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another distinct UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, but such distinct UL TCI state will not be effective during the ΔT time period (the time is not sufficient for the application of the indicated TCI state), and therefore the indicated TCI will not be used for the rest of the SRS. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another distinct UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, or a previously indicated distinct UL TCI state directed to the same TRP may become active but be discarded by the UE. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another distinct UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, or a previously indicated distinct UL TCI state directed to the same TRP may become active, but the UL TCI state will not apply for the transmission of the remaining SRS resources. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another distinct UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, or a previously indicated distinct UL TCI state directed to the same TRP may become active and then be applied for the transmission of the remaining SRS resources.

[0116] In another example, the following options may apply during the period ΔT: During the period ΔT, the UE is not expected to receive a DCI indicating a distinct UL TCI state directed to a different TRP, nor is it expected that a previously indicated distinct UL TCI state directed to a different TRP will become active. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating a separate UL TCI state directed to a different TRP, or a previously indicated separate UL TCI state directed to a different TRP may become active but be discarded by the UE. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating a separate UL TCI state directed to a different TRP, or a previously indicated separate UL TCI state directed to a different TRP may become active. If there is no ongoing aperiodic SRS antenna switching with another TRP, the separate UL TCI state may be applied for communication with the other TRP. Otherwise, the separate UL TCI state directed to the different TRP should be discarded. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating a separate UL TCI state directed to a different TRP, or a previously indicated separate UL TCI state directed to a different TRP may become active. A separate UL TCI state may be applied for communication with another TRP.

[0117] In the embodiment, for aperiodic SRS with antenna switching, if the UE receives a separate UL TCI state before the transmission of the first SRS resource, and the beam application time is sufficient for UE beam switching / panel switching, the UL TCI state may be applied for SRS transmission.

[0118] In the embodiment, when separate DL / UL TCI states are used, the UE is not expected to perform antenna switching. When joint DL / UL TCI states are used, SRS antenna switching is applicable for the UE. SRS for antenna switching includes aperiodic SRS, semi-persistent SRS, and periodic SRS.

[0119] In embodiments, if the UE is configured with separate DL / UL TCI states, the UE can perform antenna switching. SRS for antenna switching is transmitted using separate DL TCI states. SRS for antenna switching includes aperiodic SRS, semi-persistent SRS, and periodic SRS.

[0120] In another example, the SRS for antenna switching may be transmitted using a separate UL TCI state.

[0121] System and Implementation Figures 14 to 16 show various systems, devices, and components that can implement aspects of the disclosed embodiments.

[0122] Figure 14 shows network 1400 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Network 1400 may operate in a manner consistent with 3GPP technical specifications for LTE or 5G / NR systems. However, exemplary embodiments are not limited in this respect, and the embodiments described may be applied to other networks that benefit from the principles described herein, such as future 3GPP systems.

[0123] Network 1400 may include UE 1402, which may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device designed to communicate with RAN 1404 via an over-the-air connection. UE 1402 may include, but is not limited to, smartphones, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, desktop computers, laptop computers, automotive infotainment, automotive entertainment devices, instrument clusters, head-up display devices, onboard diagnostic devices, dashboard mobile devices, mobile data terminals, electronic engine management systems, electronic / engine control units, electronic / engine control modules, embedded systems, sensors, microcontrollers, control modules, engine management systems, network appliances, machine-type communication devices, M2M or D2D devices, IoT devices, etc.

[0124] In some embodiments, the network 1400 may include multiple UEs directly coupled to one another via a sidelink interface. The UEs may be M2M / D2D devices that communicate using physical sidelink channels such as PSBCH, PSDCH, PSSCH, PSCCH, and PSFCH.

[0125] In some embodiments, UE 1402 may further communicate with AP 1406 via an over-the-air connection. AP 1406 may manage the WLAN connection, which may offload some / all network traffic from RAN 1404. The connection between UE 1402 and AP 1406 may be compatible with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, and AP 1406 may be a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi®) router. In some embodiments, UE 1402, RAN 1404, and AP 1406 may utilize cellular-WLAN aggregation (e.g., LWA / LWIP). Cellular-WLAN aggregation may involve UE 1402 being configured by RAN 1404 to utilize both cellular radio resources and WLAN resources.

[0126] RAN 1404 may include one or more access nodes, such as AN 1408. AN 1408 may terminate the air interface protocol for UE 1402 by providing access layer protocols including RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and L1 protocols. In this way, AN 1408 can enable data / voice connectivity between CN 1420 and UE 1402. In some embodiments, AN 1408 may be implemented as one or more software entities operating on a discrete device or on a server computer as part of a virtual network which may be referred to as CRAN or virtual baseband unit pool. AN 1408 may be referred to as BS, gNB, RAN node, eNB, ng-eNB, NodeB, RSU, TRxP, TRP, etc. AN 1408 may be a macrocell base station, or a low-power base station for providing a femtocell, picocell, or other similar cell with a smaller coverage area, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to a macrocell.

[0127] In embodiments where RAN 1404 includes multiple ANs, they may be coupled to each other via an X2 interface (if RAN 1404 is an LTE RAN) or an Xn interface (if RAN 1404 is a 5G RAN). In some embodiments, the X2 / Xn interface may be separated into a control / user plane interface, allowing ANs to communicate information related to handover, data / context transfer, mobility, load management, interference coordination, etc.

[0128] Each AN of RAN 1404 can manage one or more cells, cell groups, component carriers, etc., to provide an air interface for network access to UE 1402. UE 1402 may be simultaneously connected to multiple cells provided by the same or different ANs of RAN 1404. For example, UE 1402 and RAN 1404 may use carrier aggregation that allows UE 1402 to connect to multiple component carriers corresponding to Pcells or Scells, respectively. In a dual-connection scenario, the first AN may be a master node providing an MCG, and the second AN may be a secondary node providing an SCG. The first / second ANs can be any combination of eNBs, gNBs, ng-eNBs, etc.

[0129] The RAN 1404 can provide an air interface through licensed or unlicensed spectra. To operate in unlicensed spectra, nodes may use LAA, eLAA, and / or feLAA mechanisms based on CA technology using PCell / SCell. Prior to accessing unlicensed spectra, nodes may perform medium / carrier sensing operations based, for example, on a listen-before-talk (LBT) protocol.

[0130] In a V2X scenario, UE 1402 or AN 1408 can be or can function as an RSU, referring to any transport infrastructure entity used for V2X communication. An RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable AN or stationary (or relatively stationary) UE. An RSU implemented in or by a UE may be called a “UE-type RSU,” an “eNB-type RSU” in the case of an eNB, a “gNB-type RSU” in the case of a gNB, and so on. In one example, an RSU is a computing device coupled to a radio frequency circuit located on the roadside, providing connectivity support to a passing vehicle UE. An RSU may also include internal data storage circuitry for storing intersection map geometry, traffic statistics, media, and applications / software for sensing and controlling oncoming vehicle and pedestrian traffic. An RSU can provide very low-latency communication required for high-speed events such as collision avoidance and traffic warnings. Additionally or alternatively, an RSU may provide other cellular / WLAN communication services. The components of the RSU may be packaged in a weatherproof enclosure suitable for outdoor installation and may include a network interface controller for providing wired connectivity (e.g., Ethernet®) to a traffic signal controller or backhaul network.

[0131] In some embodiments, RAN 1404 may be LTE RAN 1410 having an eNB, eNB 1412, for example. LTE RAN 1440 can provide an LTE air interface having the following characteristics: 15kHz SCS; CP-OFDM waveform for DL ​​and SC-FDMA waveform for UL; turbo code for data and TBCC for control, etc. The LTE air interface may rely on CSI-RS for CSI acquisition and beam management; PDSCH / PDCCH DMRS for PDSCH / PDCCH demodulation; CRS for cell discovery and initial acquisition, channel quality measurement, and channel estimation for coherent demodulation / detection at UE. The LTE air interface may operate in the sub-6GHz band.

[0132] In some embodiments, the RAN 1404 may be an NG-RAN 1414 having a gNB, for example, gNB 1416, or an ng-eNB, for example, ng-eNB 1418. The gNB 1416 can connect to a 5G-enabled UE using a 5G NR interface. The gNB 1416 can connect to the 5G core through an NG interface, which may include an N2 interface or an N3 interface. The ng-eNB 1418 can also connect to the 5G core through an NG interface, but can also connect to the UE via an LTE air interface. The gNB 1416 and ng-eNB 1418 can connect to each other through an Xn interface.

[0133] In some embodiments, the NG interface may be divided into two parts: an NG user plane (NG-U) interface (e.g., N3 interface) that carries traffic data between the nodes of the NG-RAN 1414 and the UPF 1448, and an NG control plane (NG-C) interface (e.g., N2 interface) that is a signaling interface between the nodes of the NG-RAN 1414 and the AMF 1444.

[0134] NG-RAN 1414 can provide a 5G-NR air interface having the following characteristics: variable SCS; CP-OFDM for DL, CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL; polar, repetitive, simplex, and Reed-Muller codes for control, and LDPC for data. The 5G-NR air interface may rely on CSI-RS, PDSCH / PDCCH DMRS, similar to an LTE air interface. The 5G-NR air interface may not use CRS, but may use PBCH DMRS for PBCH demodulation; PTRS for phase tracking for PDSCH; and a tracking reference signal for time tracking. The 5G-NR air interface may operate on the FR1 band, including the sub-6 GHz band, or the FR2 band, including the 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz band. The 5G-NR air interface may include SSB, which is the area of ​​the downlink resource grid including PSS / SSS / PBCH.

[0135] In some embodiments, a 5G-NR air interface can utilize BWPs for various purposes. For example, BWPs can be used for dynamic adaptation of SCSs. For instance, UE 1402 may consist of multiple BWPs, each with a different SCS. When a BWP change is indicated to UE 1402, the SCS of the transmission is also changed. Another example of a use case for BWPs relates to power saving. In particular, multiple BWPs can be configured for UE 1402 with different amounts of frequency resources (e.g., PRBs) to support data transmission under different traffic load scenarios. BWPs with fewer PRBs can be used for data transmission with low traffic loads, allowing power saving in UE 1402 and possibly in gNB 1416. BWPs with more PRBs can be used for scenarios with higher traffic loads.

[0136] RAN 1404 is telecommunicatively coupled to CN 1420, which includes network elements for providing customers / subscribers (e.g., users of UE 1402) with various functions to support data and telecommunications services. The components of CN 1420 may be implemented on one physical node or on separate physical nodes. In some embodiments, NFV may be used to virtualize some or all of the functions provided by the network elements of CN 1420 onto physical computing / storage resources such as servers and switches. Logical instantiations of CN 1420 may be referred to as network slices, and some logical instantiations of CN 1420 may be referred to as network subslices.

[0137] In some embodiments, CN 1420 may be LTE CN 1422, sometimes referred to as EPC. LTE CN 1422 may include MME 1424, SGW 1426, SGSN 1428, HSS 1430, PGW 1432, and PCRF 1434 coupled to one another through an interface (or “reference point”) as shown. The functions of the elements of LTE CN 1422 can be briefly described below.

[0138] The MME 1424 can implement mobility management capabilities to track the current location of the UE 1402, facilitating paging, bearer activation / deactivation, handover, gateway selection, authentication, and more.

[0139] SGW 1426 terminates the S1 interface toward the RAN and can route data packets between the RAN and LTE CN 1422. SGW 1426 may also be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handover and may provide an anchor for 3GPP inter-mobility. Other roles may include lawful interception, billing, and some policy enforcement.

[0140] The SGSN 1428 can track the location of the UE 1402 and perform security functions and access control. Furthermore, the SGSN 1428 can perform inter-EPC node signaling for mobility between different RAT networks; PDN and S-GW selection specified by the MME 1424; MME selection for handover, etc. An S3 reference point between the MME 1424 and the SGSN 1428 can enable user and bearer information exchange for inter-3GPP access network mobility in idle / active states.

[0141] HSS 1430 may include a database of network users, including subscription-related information to support the handling of communication sessions by network entities. HSS 1430 can provide support for routing / roaming, authentication, authorization, naming / address resolution, location dependency, etc. An S6a reference point between HSS 1430 and MME 1424 may enable the transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating / authorizing user access to LTE CN 1420.

[0142] PGW 1432 may terminate an SGi interface toward a data network (DN) 1436, which may include an application / content server 1438. PGW 1432 may route data packets between LTE CN 1422 and data network 1436. PGW 1432 may be coupled with SGW 1426 via an S5 reference point to facilitate user plane tunneling and tunnel management. PGW 1432 may further include nodes (e.g., PCEF) for policy enforcement and billing data collection. In addition, the SGi reference point between PGW 1432 and data network 1436 may be an external public, private PDN, or intra-operator packet data network, for example, to provide IMS services. PGW 1432 may be coupled with PCRF 1434 via a Gx reference point.

[0143] PCRF 1434 is the policy and billing control element of LTE CN 1422. PCRF 1434 may be telecommunically coupled to the app / content server 1438 to determine appropriate QoS and billing parameters for the service flow. PCRF 1432 may provision associated rules with appropriate TFT and QCI to the PCEF (via the Gx reference point).

[0144] In some embodiments, CN 1420 may be 5GC 1440. 5GC 1440 may include AUSF 1442, AMF 1444, SMF 1446, UPF 1448, NSSF 1450, NEF 1452, NRF 1454, PCF 1456, UDM 1458, AF 1460, and LMF 1462, coupled to one another through interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown. The functions of the elements of 5GC 1440 can be briefly described below.

[0145] AUSF 1442 may store data for authentication of UE 1402 and handle authentication-related functions. AUSF 1442 can facilitate a common authentication framework for various access types. In addition to communicating with other elements of 5GC 1440 through reference points as illustrated, AUSF 1442 may present a Nausf service-based interface.

[0146] The AMF 1444 may allow other functions of the 5GC 1440 to communicate with the UE 1402 and RAN 1404 and subscribe to notifications about mobility events concerning the UE 1402. The AMF 1444 may be responsible for registration management (e.g., for registering the UE 1402), connectivity management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception of AMF-related events, and access authentication and authorization. The AMF 1444 may provide transport for SM messages between the UE 1402 and the SMF 1446 and act as a transparent proxy for routing SM messages. The AMF 1444 may also provide transport for SMS messages between the UE 1402 and the SMSF. The AMF 1444 can interact with the AUSF 1442 and UE 1402 to perform various security anchor and context management functions. Furthermore, AMF 1444 may include, or be, an N2 reference point between RAN 1404 and AMF 1444, and may also be the termination point of the RAN CP interface, and AMF 1444 may also be the termination point of NAS(N1) signaling, and may perform NAS encryption and integrity protection. AMF 1444 may also support NAS signaling with UE 1402 via the N3 IWF interface.

[0147] SMF 1446 may be responsible for SM (e.g., session establishment, tunnel management between UPF 1448 and AN 1408); UE IP address allocation and management (including optional authorization); selection and control of UP functions; configuration of traffic steering in UPF 1448 for routing traffic to appropriate destinations; termination of interfaces to policy control functions; control of policy enforcement, billing, and some QoS; lawful interception (of SM events and interfaces to L1 systems); termination of SM portions of NAS messages; downlink data notification; initiation of AN-specific SM information sent to AN 1408 on N2 via AMF 1444; and determination of the session's SSC mode. SM may refer to the management of PDU sessions, and PDU sessions or “session” may refer to PDU connectivity services that provide or enable the exchange of PDUs between UE 1402 and data network 1436.

[0148] The UPF 1448 can act as an anchor point for intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, an external PDU session point for interconnection to the data network 1436, and a branch point to support multi-homed PDU sessions. The UPF 1448 can also perform packet routing and forwarding, perform packet inspection, enforce the user plane portion of policy rules, lawfully intercept packets (UP collection), perform traffic usage reporting, perform QoS processing for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, UL / DL rate enforcement), perform uplink traffic verification (e.g., SDF-to-QoS flow mapping), perform transport-level packet marking on uplink and downlink, and perform downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggers. The UPF 1448 may include an uplink classifier to support routing of traffic flows to the data network.

[0149] NSSF 1450 may select a set of network slice instances to serve UE 1402. NSSF 1450 may also determine, if necessary, the acceptable NSSAIs and their mappings to subscribed S-NSSAIs. NSSF 1450 may also determine a set of AMFs, or a list of candidate AMFs, to be used to serve UE 1402, based on a preferred configuration and possibly by querying NRF 1454. The selection of a set of network slice instances for UE 1402 may also be triggered by AMF 1444, to which UE 1402 registers, by interacting with NSSF 1450, which may result in a change of AMF. NSSF 1450 may interact with AMF 1444 via the N22 reference point, or communicate with another NSSF in the visited network via the N31 reference point (not shown). In addition, NSSF 1450 may indicate an NNSSF service-based interface.

[0150] NEF 1452 can securely expose services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions for third parties, internal exposure / re-exposure, AFs (e.g., AF 1460), edge computing, or fog computing systems. In such embodiments, NEF 1452 can authenticate, authorize, or throttle AFs. NEF 1452 can also translate information exchanged with AF 1460 and information exchanged with internal network functions. For example, NEF 1452 can translate between AF service identifiers and internal 5 GC information. NEF 1452 can also receive information from other NFs based on the exposed capabilities of those NFs. This information may be stored in NEF 1452 as structured data or in a data storage NF using a standardized interface. The stored information can then be re-exposed by NEF 1452 to other NFs and AFs, or used for other purposes such as analysis. Furthermore, the NEF 1452 can represent an Nnef service-based interface.

[0151] The NRF 1454 supports service discovery functionality, receiving NF discovery requests from NF instances and providing NF instances with information about discovered NF instances. The NRF 1454 also maintains information about available NF instances and their supported services. As used herein, terms such as “instantiate” and “instantiation” may refer to the creation of an instance, while “instance” may refer to the specific occurrence of an object, for example, during the execution of program code. Furthermore, the NRF 1454 can represent Nnrf service-based interfaces.

[0152] PCF 1456 may provide policy rules to control plane functions that enforce them, and may also support a unified policy framework to govern network behavior. PCF 1456 may also implement a front-end for accessing subscription information related to policy decisions within the UDR of UDM 1458. In addition to communicating with functions through reference points as illustrated, PCF 1456 exhibits an Npcf service-based interface.

[0153] The UDM 1458 can process subscription-related information to support the processing of network entities in a communication session and can store subscription data for the UE 1402. For example, subscription data may be communicated via an N8 reference point between the UDM 1458 and the AMF 1444. The UDM 1458 can include two parts: an application frontend and a UDR. The UDR can store subscription data and policy data for the UDM 1458 and PCF 1456, and / or structured data for publication and application data for the NEF 1452 (including a PFD for application discovery and application request information for multiple UE 1402s). A Nudr service-based interface is indicated by UDR 1421, allowing UDM 1458, PCF 1456, and NEF 1452 to access specific sets of stored data, as well as to read, update (e.g., add, modify), delete, and subscribe to notifications of relevant data changes within the UDR. A UDM may include a UDM-FE responsible for credential processing, location management, subscription management, etc. Several different frontends may serve the same user in different transactions. The UDM-FE accesses subscription information stored in the UDR and performs authentication credential processing, user identification processing, access authorization, enrollment / mobility management, and subscription management. In addition to communicating with other NFs through a reference point as illustrated, UDM 1458 may also indicate a Nudr service-based interface.

[0154] The AF 1460 provides application influence on traffic routing, offers access to the NEF, and can interact with the policy framework for policy control.

[0155] In some embodiments, the 5GC 1440 may enable edge computing by selecting operator / third-party services to be geographically closer to the point where the UE 1402 is attached to the network. This can reduce latency and load on the network. To provide an edge computing implementation, the 5GC 1440 may select the UPF 1448, which is close to the UE 1402, and perform traffic steering from the UPF 1448 to the data network 1436 via the N6 interface. This may be based on UE subscription data, UE location, and information provided by the AF 1460. In this way, the AF 1460 may influence UPF (re)selection and traffic routing. When the AF 1460 is considered a trusted entity based on the operator deployment, the network operator may allow the AF 1460 to interact directly with the relevant NF. In addition, the AF 1460 may represent a NAF service-based interface.

[0156] The data network 1436 may represent various network operator services, internet access, or third-party services that may be provided by one or more servers, including, for example, the application / content server 1438.

[0157] Figure 15 schematically illustrates wireless network 1500 in various embodiments. Wireless network 1500 may include UE 1502 wirelessly communicating with AN 1504. UE 1502 and AN 1504 are similar to and substantially interchangeable components of similar names described elsewhere in this specification.

[0158] UE 1502 can be communicatively coupled with AN 1504 via connection 1506. Connection 1506 is shown as an air interface to enable communicative coupling and can be compatible with cellular communication protocols such as LTE or 5G NR protocols operating on mm wave or sub-6GHz frequencies.

[0159] UE 1502 may include a host platform 1508 coupled to a modem platform 1510. The host platform 1508 may include an application processing circuit 1512, which may be coupled to the protocol processing circuit 1514 of the modem platform 1510. The application processing circuit 1512 can run various applications for UE 1502 to source / sink application data. The application processing circuit 1512 may further implement one or more layer operations to send / receive application data to / from a data network. These layer operations may include transport (e.g., UDP) and internet (e.g., IP) operations.

[0160] The protocol processing circuit 1514 may implement one or more layer operations to facilitate the transmission or reception of data through connection 1506. The layer operations implemented by the protocol processing circuit 1514 may include, for example, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and NAS operations.

[0161] The modem platform 1510 may further include a digital baseband circuit 1516 that can implement one or more layer operations, which are “lower” layer operations performed by the protocol processing circuit 1514 in the network protocol stack. These operations may include PHY operations, for example, one or more of the following: HARQ-ACK functionality, scrambling / descrambling, encoding / decoding, layer mapping / demapping, modulation symbol mapping, received symbol / bit metric determination, multi-antenna port pre-coding / decoding which may include one or more of spatial time, spatial frequency, or spatial coding, reference signal generation / detection, preamble sequence generation and / or decoding, synchronous sequence generation / detection, control channel signal blind decoding, and other related functions.

[0162] The modem platform 1510 may further include a transmit circuit 1518, a receive circuit 1520, an RF circuit 1522, and an RF front end (RFFE) 1524, the RFFE of which may include or be connected to one or more antenna panels 1526. Briefly, the transmit circuit 1518 may include a digital-to-analog converter, a mixer, an intermediate frequency (IF) component, etc.; the receive circuit 1520 may include an analog-to-digital converter, a mixer, an IF component, etc.; the RF circuit 1522 may include a low-noise amplifier, a power amplifier, a power tracking component, etc.; the RFFE 1524 may include filters (e.g., surface / volume acoustic wave filters), switches, an antenna tuner, a beamforming component (e.g., a phase array antenna component), etc. The selection and arrangement of the components of the transmitting circuit 1518, receiving circuit 1520, RF circuit 1522, RFFE 1524, and antenna panel 1526 (collectively referred to as “transmitting and receiving components”) may be specific to particular implementation details, such as whether the communication is TDM or FDM at millimeter-wave or sub-6 GHz frequencies. In some embodiments, the transmitting and receiving components may be arranged in multiple parallel transmit and receive chains, or they may be located on the same or different chips / modules, and so on.

[0163] In some embodiments, the protocol processing circuit 1514 may include one or more instances of a control circuit (not shown) that provides control functions for the transmit / receive components.

[0164] UE reception can be established by and through the antenna panel 1526, RFFE 1524, RF circuit 1522, receiving circuit 1520, digital baseband circuit 1516, and protocol processing circuit 1514. In some embodiments, the antenna panel 1526 can receive transmissions from AN 1504 by receiving beamforming signals received by multiple antennas / antenna elements of one or more antenna panels 1526.

[0165] UE transmission can be established by and through the protocol processing circuit 1514, the digital baseband circuit 1516, the transmitting circuit 1518, the RF circuit 1522, the RFFE 1524, and the antenna panel 1526. In some embodiments, the transmitting component of UE 1504 may apply a spatial filter to the data to be transmitted in order to form a transmit beam emitted by the antenna elements of the antenna panel 1526.

[0166] Similar to UE 1502, AN 1504 may include a host platform 1528 coupled to a modem platform 1530. The host platform 1528 may include an application processing circuit 1532 coupled to the protocol processing circuit 1534 of the modem platform 1530. The modem platform may further include a digital baseband circuit 1536, a transmit circuit 1538, a receive circuit 1540, an RF circuit 1542, an RFFE circuit 1544, and an antenna panel 1546. The components of AN 1504 are similar to the components of UE 1502 with similar names and may be substantially interchangeable. In addition to performing data transmission / reception as described above, the components of AN 1508 can perform a variety of logical functions, including RNC functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management, and data packet scheduling.

[0167] Figure 16 is a block diagram showing components of several exemplary embodiments capable of reading instructions from a machine-readable medium or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-temporary machine-readable storage medium) and executing any one or more of the methods described herein. Specifically, Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of hardware resources including one or more processors (or processor cores) 1610, one or more memory / storage devices 1620, and one or more communication resources 1630, each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus 1640 or other interface circuitry. In embodiments where node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is utilized, a hypervisor 1602 may be executed to provide an execution environment in which one or more network slices / subslice utilize the hardware resources 1600.

[0168] Processor 1610 may include, for example, processors 1612 and 1614. Processor 1610 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a DSP such as a baseband processor, an ASIC, an FPGA, a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor (including those described herein), or any suitable combination thereof.

[0169] The memory / storage device 1620 may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory / storage device 1620 may also include, but is not limited to, any type of volatile, non-volatile, or semi-volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, or solid-state storage.

[0170] The communication resource 1630 may include interconnects or network interface controllers, components, or other suitable devices for communicating with one or more peripheral devices 1604 or one or more databases 1606 or other network elements via the network 1608. For example, the communication resource 1630 may include wired communication components (for coupling via USB, Ethernet®, etc.), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® (or Bluetooth® Low Energy) components, Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components.

[0171] Instruction 1650 may include other executable code causing at least one of the following to perform one or more of the methods described herein: software, programs, applications, applets, apps, or processor 1610. Instruction 1650 may reside entirely or partially in at least one of the following: processor 1610 (e.g., in the processor's cache memory), memory / storage device 1620, or any preferred combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of instruction 1650 may be transferred to hardware resources from any combination of peripheral device 1604 or database 1606. Thus, the memory of processor 1610, memory / storage device 1620, peripheral device 1604, and database 1606 are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media.

[0172] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the components shown in one or more of the aforementioned figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and / or methods as described in the following exemplary section. For example, the baseband circuit described above in relation to one or more of the aforementioned figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples described below. In another example, the circuit related to the UE, base station, network element, etc., described above in relation to one or more of the aforementioned figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples described in the following exemplary section.

[0173] Exemplary procedure In some embodiments, electronic devices(s), networks(s), systems(s), chips(s) or components(s), or parts thereof or implementations, shown in Figures 14-16 or some other figures herein, may be configured to perform one or more processes, techniques, or methods, or parts thereof, as described herein. One such process 1700 is shown in Figure 17. In some embodiments, process 1700 may be performed by a UE or a part thereof.

[0174] In 1702, process 1700 may include receiving configuration information for a first set of one or more Prospect Reference Signal (SRS) resource sets and a second set of one or more SRS resource sets, where the first set is associated with a first transmit / receive point (TRP) and the second set is associated with a second TRP. The configuration information may include one or more power control parameters for each SRS resource set. One or more power control parameters may include, for example, an SRS power control adjustment state, a path loss reference signal, a P0 parameter, an alpha parameter, and / or an indication of a spatial relationship.

[0175] In 1704, process 1700 may further include receiving a message to activate one or both of the first and second sets of SRS resource sets. In 1706, process 1700 may further include transmitting one or more SRSs using antenna switching based on the activated SRS resource sets.

[0176] Figure 18 shows another process 1800 according to various embodiments. In some embodiments, process 1800 may be performed by a gNB or a part thereof. In 1802, process 1800 may include encoding configuration information for a first set of one or more Prospect Reference Signal (SRS) resource sets and a second set of one or more SRS resource sets for transmission to a user equipment (UE), where the first set is associated with a first transmit / receive point (TRP) and the second set is associated with a second TRP. The configuration information may include one or more power control parameters for each SRS resource set. The one or more power control parameters may include, for example, an SRS power control adjustment state, a path loss reference signal, a P0 parameter, an alpha parameter, and / or an indication of a spatial relationship.

[0177] In 1804, process 1800 may further include encoding a message for transmission to the UE in order to activate one or both of the first and second sets of SRS resource sets for antenna switching.

[0178] Figure 19 shows another process 1900 according to various embodiments. In some embodiments, process 1900 may be performed by a gNB or a part thereof. In 1902, process 1900 may include encoding configuration information for a set of multiple exploration reference signal (SRS) resources associated with a transmit / receive point (TRP) and configured for antenna switching, for transmission to a user equipment (UE), where all SRS resources in the set of multiple SRS resources have the same transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state. The TCI state may be a joint uplink (UL) / downlink (DL) TCI state or a separate UL TCI state. In 1904, process 1900 may further include receiving one or more SRS from the UE using antenna switching based on the configuration information.

[0179] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the components shown in one or more of the aforementioned figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and / or methods as described in the following Examples section. For example, the baseband circuit described above in relation to one or more of the aforementioned figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the embodiments described below. In another example, a circuit associated with the UE, base station, network element, etc., described above in relation to one or more of the aforementioned figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples described in the following Examples section.

[0180] Examples Embodiment A1 may include a TRP, which can constitute a UE with an SRS for antenna switching and carrier switching. Example A2 may include the methods of Example A1 or some other examples herein, and the TRP can operate in single-TRP mode or multi-TRP mode. Example A3 may include the methods of Example A2 or some other examples herein, wherein the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching should be extended for multi-TRP operation. If the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching in a single TRP is M, then in multi-TRP operation of two TRPs, two groups of aperiodic SRS resource sets should be configured for antenna switching. Each group contains M aperiodic SRS resource sets, for example, the total number of aperiodic SRS resource sets in multi-TRP is 2*M. In the first group, the power control parameters of the M aperiodic SRS resource sets are associated with the first TRP. In the second group, the power control parameters of the M aperiodic SRS resource sets are associated with the second TRP. The power control parameters may include one, some, or all of the following parameters: SRS power control adjustment state, path loss reference signal, P0, alpha, and spatial relations. Example A4 may include the methods of Example A2 or some other examples herein, and for multi-TRP operation, the number of periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource sets for antenna switching should be extended. If the number of periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource sets for antenna switching in a single TRP is N, then in multi-TRP operation of two TRPs, two groups of periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource sets should be configured for antenna switching. Each group contains N periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource sets, for example, the total number of periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource sets in multi-TRP is 2*N. In the first group, the power control parameters of the N periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource sets are associated with the first TRP. In the second group, the power control parameters of the N periodic / semi-permanent SRS resource sets are associated with the second TRP. The power control parameters may include one, some, or all of the following parameters: SRS power control adjustment state, path loss reference signal, P0, alpha, and spatial relationships. Example A5 may include the methods of Example A2 or some other examples herein, and for multi-TRP operation, the maximum number of SRS resource sets that can be configured in one UE may be extended to, for example, 32 or 64 (maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets INTEGER::=32 or maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets INTEGER::=64). The number of trigger states for aperiodic SRS in DCI and the field length for SRS requests may also be extended to support flexible triggering. Example A6 may include the methods of Example A2 or some other examples herein, and for multi-TRP operation, the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching may be maintained the same as for single-TRP operation. Power control parameters for aperiodic SRS resource sets may be changed by triggering a DCI, for example, TRP-specific power control parameters may be dynamically indicated by a DCI that triggers aperiodic SRS. A list of SRS power control parameter sets may be configured by an RRC, and a DCI that triggers aperiodic SRS may indicate which set will be applied for the triggered SRS. New fields that can trigger aperiodic SRS should be added to the DCI. Power control parameters may include one, some or all of the following parameters: SRS power control adjustment state, path loss reference signal, P0, alpha, and spatial relations. Example A7 may include the methods of Example A2 or some other examples herein, and for FR1 (frequency range 1), since there is no UE-side beamforming, the same number of aperiodic SRS resource sets as a single TRP may be maintained for multi-TRP operation. The SRS resource sets are configured with power control parameters associated with TRP#A. If the network wants to perform an antenna switch to TRP#B, the power of the SRS may be boosted (for example, the SRS is transmitted at maximum power) so that TRP B can receive the SRS for the antenna switch. Example A8 may include the methods of Example A2 or some other examples herein, in which one or more additional aperiodic / semi-permanent / periodic SRS resource sets may be configured for SRS carrier switching. The aperiodic / semi-permanent / periodic SRS resource sets may be configured with an application set to "antennaSwitching" and an SRS power control state set to "separateClosedLoop". In one example, if the number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching is M, then an additional M aperiodic SRS resource sets may be defined for carrier switching. Example A9 may include the methods of Example A2 or some other examples herein, without any additional SRS resource sets introduced specifically for carrier switching. A new field may be introduced into the DCI to dynamically change the SRS power control state. For carrier switching, the field should indicate a separate power control state as PUSCH. Example A10 may include the methods of Example A2 or some other examples herein, where, for carrier switching, the power control state of the aperiodic SRS resource set may be implicitly indicated by the DCI format. When an aperiodic SRS resource set having an application set to “antennaSwitching” is triggered by the DCI format 2_3, the power control state of the SRS resource set is implicitly changed to a separate power control state as PUSCH. Example A11 is: Steps include receiving exploration reference signal (SRS) configuration information for antenna switching and carrier switching associated with a user equipment (UE), wherein the SRS configuration information includes an indication of a number of aperiodic SRS resource sets for antenna switching and one or more power control parameters for the aperiodic SRS resource sets, wherein the one or more power control parameters include an indication of an SRS power control adjustment state, a path loss reference signal, a P0 parameter, an alpha parameter, or a spatial relationship; The step includes encoding a message for transmission to the UE, which includes the SRS configuration information, Includes methods. Example A12 includes the method of Example A11 or some other example herein, and further includes performing a 2T8R antenna switching procedure in connection with the UE performing a 2T4R antenna switching procedure. Example A13 comprises the method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, wherein the SRS configuration information is determined based on a set of resources associated with antenna switching for one or more transmit / receive points (TRPs). Example A14 includes the method of Example A11 or some other example herein, wherein the SRS configuration information is determined based on the antenna switching capability of the UE. Example A15 includes the method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, wherein the SRS configuration information includes indications of periodic or semi-permanent SRS resources within different periodic or semi-permanent resource sets associated with one or more TRPs. Example A16 includes a method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, wherein the SRS configuration information includes an indication of periodic or semi-permanent SRS resources in a periodic or semi-permanent resource set associated with a common TRP and configured with a common periodicity and different slot offsets. Example A17 includes the method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, wherein the SRS configuration information includes instructions for several periodic or semi-permanent SRS resource sets configured for a single TRP. Example A18 includes a method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, wherein the SRS configuration information includes instructions for multiple SRS resources targeting different TRPs within a periodic or semi-persistent SRS resource set for sequential or interlaced transmission. Example A19 comprises the method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, wherein the SRS configuration information includes an indication of the TCI state associated with one or more power control parameters. Example A20 includes the method of Example A11 or some other example herein, and the SRS configuration information includes instructions for a first antenna switching process for a first TRP and a second antenna switching process for a second TRP. Example A21 comprises the method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, wherein different groups of aperiodic SRS resource sets are configured with different trigger states. Example A22 comprises the method of Example A21 or several other examples herein, wherein a first group of aperiodic SRS resource sets is configured with a first trigger state, and a second group of aperiodic SRS resource sets is configured with a second trigger state. Example A23 comprises the method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, wherein different groups of aperiodic SRS resource sets are configured with a common trigger state. Example A24 comprises the method of Example A11 or some other example herein, wherein the SRS configuration information comprises a plurality of xTyR configurations for antenna switching and a plurality of periodic / semi-persistent SRS resource sets, where x=1, 2, or 4, y=1, 2, or 4, and x<=y. Example A25 comprises the method of Example 24 or several other examples herein, wherein the UE supports 2T4R, and the SRS configuration information constitutes the UE using periodic or semi-persistent SRS resource sets for both 1T4R and 2T4R simultaneously. Example A26 comprises the method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, and further comprises encoding a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) message for transmission to a UE in order to update or reconfigure the number of antenna ports for SRS resources in one or more semi-persistent or aperiodic SRS resource sets. Example A27 comprises the method of Example A26 or several other examples herein, wherein the MAC-CE message reconfigures a 2T4R antenna switching where one SRS resource set includes two SRS resources, and each SRS resource has two ports, and the MAC-CE reconfigures those two SRS resources to have one port used as 1T2R. Example A28 includes the method of Example A26 or several other examples herein, wherein the MAC-CE message activates or deactivates an SRS resource in one or more SRS resource sets. Example A29 includes the method of Example A11 or several other examples herein, and further includes receiving a report from the UE indicating the xTyR configuration that the UE wishes to implement. Example A30 comprises the method of Example A29 or several other examples herein, and the report is received periodically, semi-permanently, or aperiodicly.

[0181] Example B1 may include a gNB, and the gNB may be configured to transmit an SRS for antenna switching. Example B2 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, and for SRS with antenna switching performed by the same TRP, all SRS resources included in all aperiodic SRS resource sets triggered by the same DCI should be configured with the same beam (this may also apply to single TRP operation). For SRS with antenna switching performed by different TRPs, different beams may be applied for SRS directed to different TRPs. The beam may be configured by RRC, updated by MAC-CE, or indicated by DCI. For SRS with antenna switching performed by the same TRP, all aperiodic SRS resource sets triggered by the same DCI should be configured with the same values ​​for the following parameters: alpha, p0, pathlossReferenceRS, srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState (this may also apply to single TRP operation). For SRS with antenna switching performed by different TRPs, different values ​​for those parameters may be applied for SRS resource sets directed to different TRPs. The parameters (alpha, p0, pathlossReferenceRS, srs-PowerControlAdjustmentState) may be configured by the RRC, updated by the MAC-CE, or indicated by the DCI. In another example, pathlossReferenceRS may be derived from a joint DL / UL TCI state or a separate UL TCI state. In yet another example, for an SRS with antenna switching performed by the same TRP, all SRS resources in a single aperiodic SRS resource set should be configured with the same beam (this may also apply to single TRP operation), where the beam may be configured by the RRC, updated by the MAC-CE, or indicated by the DCI. For an SRS with antenna switching performed by different TRPs, different beams may be applied to SRS resource sets directed to different TRPs. Example B3 may include the methods of Example B2 or some other examples herein, and the MAC-CE for updating the path loss reference signal for the SRS may be updated to accommodate multiple SRS resource sets in order to reduce signal transmission. The SRS resource sets (one or more) within the MAC-CE may consist of the same or different uses (codebook, non-codebook, antenna switching, beam management). The SRS resource sets may also be periodic, semi-permanent, or aperiodic. Example B4 may include the methods of Example B2 or some other examples herein, and the MAC-CE for updating spatial relationships for SRS may be defined to accommodate multiple SRS resource sets. The SRS resource sets within the MAC-CE may consist of the same or different uses (codebook, non-codebook, antenna switching, beam management). The SRS resource sets may also be periodic, semi-permanent, or aperiodic. Example B5 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, where multiple aperiodic SRS resource sets are triggered by the same DCI for antenna switching toward different TRPs, and the multiple SRS resource sets are expected to be transmitted sequentially to avoid frequent beam changes, for example, after transmitting all SRS resource sets to the first TRP, the UE begins transmitting the SRS resource sets to the second TRP. Alternatively, the UE may be configured with interlaced transmission for multiple aperiodic SRS resource sets in multiple TRPs. Example B6 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, and if the TCI state is used for uplink beam indication in a multi-TRP, multiple TCI states should be indicated to the UE (or one TCI state, one from each TRP, corresponding to two beams). The TCI states may be implicitly or explicitly associated with different TRPs. When transmitting SRS (including periodic, semi-permanent, and aperiodic), the applicable TCI state may be determined by the TRP associated with the SRS resource set, for example, via the SRS power control adjustment state. Example B7 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, and for SRS antenna switching in a multi-TRP scenario, the UE is not expected to be triggered by the same DCI with antenna switching directed to different TRPs. For example, one DCI can only trigger antenna switching directed to one TRP. Example B8 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, and when legacy spatial relationships are applied to SRS with antenna switching, the same spatial relationships should apply to all SRS resources included in all SRS resource sets directed to the same TRP (this may also apply to single TRP operation). When SRS antenna switching is performed between different TRPs, different spatial relationships may apply to SRS transmitted to different TRPs. Example B9 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, and for SRS with antenna switching, when multiple SRS resource sets are triggered toward the same TRP, the following options may be applied during the time period ΔT from the transmission of the first SRS resource set to the transmission of the last SRS resource set (this embodiment may also be applicable to single TRP operation): During a period of ΔT, the UE is not expected to receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS toward the same TRP, and / or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS toward the same TRP is not expected to become valid during a period of ΔT. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP, but the spatial relation / path loss reference RS will not be valid during the ΔT time period (there is not enough time for MAC-CE to be applied), and therefore the indicated TCI will not be used for the remaining SRS. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS to the same TRP, or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS to the same TRP may become valid but be discarded by the UE. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP, or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP may become valid, but the spatial relation / path loss reference RS will not be applied to the transmission of the remaining SRS resources. During the period ΔT, the UE may receive a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP, or a previously received MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS directed to the same TRP may become effective, and the spatial relation / path loss reference RS may then be applied for the transmission of the remaining SRS resources. Example B10 may include the method of Example B1 or some other example herein, and for a periodic SRS with antenna switching, if the UE receives a MAC-CE that updates the spatial relation / path loss reference RS before the transmission of the first SRS resource, and the MAC-CE application time is well before the SRS transmission, the updated spatial relation / path loss reference RS may be applied for the SRS transmission. Example B11 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, where a joint DL / UL TCI state can be applied for SRS with antenna switching, the same joint DL / UL TCI state should be applied to all SRS resources included in all SRS resource sets directed to the same TRP (this may also be applied to single TRP operation). If SRS antenna switching is performed between different TRPs, different joint DL / UL TCI states may be applied to SRS transmitted to different TRPs. Example B12 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, and for SRS with antenna switching, when multiple SRS resource sets are triggered toward the same TRP, the following options may be applied during the time period ΔT from the transmission of the first SRS resource set to the transmission of the last SRS resource set (this embodiment may also be applicable to single TRP operation): During the period ΔT, the UE is not expected to receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, as shown in Figure 13, and / or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP is not expected to become active during the time period ΔT. During a period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed toward the same TRP, but the joint DL / UL TCI state will not be valid during the ΔT time period (the time is not sufficient for the application of the indicated TCI state), and therefore the indicated TCI will not be used for the rest of the SRS. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP may become active but be discarded by the UE. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP may become active, but the joint TCI state will not apply for the transmission of the remaining SRS resources. During the period of ΔT, the UE may receive a DCI indicating another joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP, or a previously indicated joint DL / UL TCI state directed to the same TRP may become active and then be applied for the transmission of the remaining SRS resources. Example B13 may include the method of Example B1 or some other example herein, and for aperiodic SRS with antenna switching, the combined TCI state may be applied for SRS transmission if the UE receives a combined DL / UL TCI state before transmission of the first SRS resource and the beam application time is sufficient for UE beam switching / panel switching. Example B14 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, in which the UE is not expected to perform antenna switching when separate DL / UL TCI states are used. When joint DL / UL TCI states are used, SRS antenna switching is applicable to the UE. SRS for antenna switching includes aperiodic SRS, semi-persistent SRS, and periodic SRS. Example B15 may include the methods of Example B1 or some other examples herein, and the UE may perform antenna switching if the UE is configured with separate DL / UL TCI states. The SRS for antenna switching is transmitted using separate DL TCI states. The SRS for antenna switching includes aperiodic SRS, semi-persistent SRS, and periodic SRS. Example B16 is a method for implementing gNB, and the method is: The gNB includes generating a signal to be transmitted to the UE in order to constitute beam information for the UE to transmit SRS with antenna switching. Example B17 may include the subject matter of Example B16 or any other example herein, and further includes the step of receiving confirmation of the transmitted signal from the UE by the gNB. Example B18 may include the subject matter of Example B16 or any other example herein, and the SRS may include one selected from aperiodic SRS, semi-permanent SRS, or periodic SRS. Example B19 may include the subject matter of Example B16 or any other example herein, and the beam is composed of RRC. Example B20 may include the subject matter of Example B16 or any other example herein, and the beam is refreshed by MAC-CE. Example B21 may include the subject matter of Example B16 or any other example herein, and the beam is indicated by DCI. Example B22 may include the subject matter of Example B21 or any other example herein, in which a non-periodic SRS resource is triggered by DCI. Example B23 may include the subject matter of Example B16 or any other example herein, and the antenna switching is performed by TRP.

[0182] Embodiment C1 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (NTCRM) storing instructions. When executed by one or more processors, the instructions cause a user device (UE) to: receive configuration information about a first set of one or more Prospect Reference Signal (SRS) resource sets and a second set of one or more SRS resource sets, wherein the first set is associated with a first transmit / receive point (TRP) and the second set is associated with a second TRP; receive a message to activate one or both of the first and second sets of SRS resource sets; and transmit one or more SRS with antenna switching based on the activated SRS resource sets. Example C2 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C1, and the first and second sets of SRS resource sets are semi-permanent SRS resource sets. Example C3 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C2, where the message is a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or downlink control information (DCI). Example C4 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C1, and the configuration information includes one or more power control parameters associated with each of the first and second sets of SRS resource sets. Example C5 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C4, where one or more power control parameters include one or more of the SRS power control adjustment states, path loss reference signals, P0 parameters, alpha parameters, or spatial relationships. Example C6 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C1, and the SRS resource set of at least one of the first or second sets has an SRS resource set with a different xTyR configuration. Example C7 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C6, and SRS resource sets with different xTyR configurations have different trigger states. Embodiment C8 may include one or more NTCRMs from Embodiment C1, and the instruction, when executed, causes the UE to receive a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) to reconfigure the SRS resources of at least one of the SRS resource sets for different xTyR configurations. Example C9 may include one or more NTCRMs from any one of Examples C1 to C8, and the configuration information further constitutes a third set of SRS resource sets for carrier switching, and the SRS resource sets of the third set of SRS resource sets are configured with an application set to "antennaSwitching" and an SRS power control state set to "separateClosedLoop". Embodiment C10 may include one or more non-temporary computer-readable media (NTCRM) on which instructions are stored. When executed by one or more processors, the instructions cause a next-generation node B (gNB) to perform the following steps: a step of encoding configuration information for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the first set is associated with a first transmit / receive point (TRP) and the second set is associated with a second TRP; and a step of encoding a message for transmission to the UE in order to activate one or both of the first and second sets of SRS resources for antenna switching. Example C11 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C10, and the first and second sets of SRS resource sets are semi-permanent SRS resource sets. Example C12 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C11, wherein the message is a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or downlink control information (DCI). Example C13 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C10, and the configuration information includes one or more power control parameters associated with each of the first and second sets of SRS resource sets. Example C14 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C13, where one or more power control parameters include one or more of the SRS power control adjustment states, path loss reference signals, P0 parameters, alpha parameters, or spatial relationships. Example C15 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C10, and the SRS resource set of at least one of the first or second sets has an SRS resource set with a different xTyR configuration. Example C16 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C15, and SRS resource sets with different xTyR configurations have different trigger states. Example C17 may include one or more NTCRMs from any one of Examples C10 to C16, wherein, when executed, the instruction causes the gNB to further transmit a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) to reconfigure the SRS resources of at least one of the SRS resource sets for different xTyR configurations. Example C18 may include one or more NTCRMs from any one of Examples C10 to C16, wherein, when executed, the instruction causes the gNB to further transmit a field that dynamically indicates the SRS power control state, or downlink control information (DCI) having a DCI format that indicates the SRS power control state. Embodiment C19 may include one or more non-temporary computer-readable media (NTCRM) storing instructions. When executed by one or more processors, the instructions cause a next-generation node B (gNB) to perform the following steps: encode configuration information for a set of multiple exploration reference signal (SRS) resources associated with a transmit / receive point (TRP) and configured for antenna switching for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein all SRS resources in the set of SRS resources have the same transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state; and receive one or more SRS from the UE using antenna switching based on the configuration information. Example C20 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C19, and the TCI state is a combined downlink (DL) / uplink (UL) TCI state. Example C21 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C19, and the TCI state is a separate uplink (UL)TCI state. Example C22 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C19, wherein, when executed, the instruction causes the gNB to further decide not to transmit downlink control information (DCI) to indicate another TCI state associated with the TRP during a time period encompassing all SRS resources of all SRS resource sets. Example C23 may include one or more NTCRMs from Example C19, wherein the TCI state is a first TCI state, and the instruction, when executed, causes the gNB to further transmit downlink control information (DCI) indicating a second TCI state associated with the TRP for a time period encompassing all SRS resources of all SRS resource sets. Example C24 may include one or more NTCRMs of Example C23, wherein the second TCI state is not valid until after the time period and is not used by the UE to transmit the remaining SRS during the time period; the second TCI state is discarded by the UE; the second TCI state becomes valid during the time period but is not applied by the UE for the remaining SRS during the time period; or the second TCI state becomes valid and is applied by the UE for any remaining SRS during the time period. Example C25 may include one or more NTCRMs from any one of Examples C19 to C24, wherein the TCI state is a first TCI state, and the instruction, when executed, causes the gNB to further transmit downlink control information (DCI) indicating a second TCI state associated with the TRP, the second TCI state being applied by the UE for the one or more SRS if the time period between when the UE receives the DCI and the earliest SRS resource among the plurality of SRS resource sets is less than the beam application time.

[0183] Example Z01 may include an apparatus equipped with means for performing one or more elements of any other method or process described herein, or any other method or process described herein. Example Z02 may include one or more non-temporary computer-readable media containing instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of the electronic device, cause the electronic device to execute one or more elements of the methods described in or related to any of Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25, or any other methods or processes described herein. Example Z03 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuits for performing one or more elements of any method described in or related to any of Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25, or any other method or process described herein. Example Z04 may include methods, techniques, or processes described or related to Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25, or any part or portion thereof. Example Z05 may include a device having one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media containing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method, technique, or process described in or related to any of Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25, or any part thereof. Example Z06 may include signals described or related to any of Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25, or any part or portion thereof. Example Z07 may include datagrams, packets, frames, segments, protocol data units (PDUs), or messages as described in or related to Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25 or any part or part thereof, or as otherwise described in this disclosure. Example Z08 may include data-encoded signals as described in or related to Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25 or any part or portion thereof, or as otherwise described in this disclosure. Example Z09 may include signals that encode datagrams, packets, frames, segments, protocol data units (PDUs), or messages as described in or related to Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25 or any part or part thereof, or otherwise described in this disclosure. Example Z10 may include an electromagnetic signal that carries a computer-readable instruction, and the execution of the computer-readable instruction by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform a method, technique, or process described in or related to any of Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25 or any part thereof. Example Z11 may include a computer program containing instructions, and the execution of the program by the processing element causes the processing element to perform a method, technique, or process described in or related to any of Examples A1-A30, B1-B23, C1-C25 or any part thereof. Example Z12 may include signals in a wireless network as shown and described herein. Example Z13 may include a method of communication in a wireless network as shown and described herein. Example Z14 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. Example Z15 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[0184] Any of the above examples can be combined with any other example (or combination of examples) unless expressly otherwise specified. The above descriptions of one or more implementations are illustrative and explanatory, but are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the exact form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings, or modifications and variations may be obtained from the practice of various embodiments.

[0185] Unless otherwise used herein, terms, definitions, and abbreviations may be consistent with those defined in 3GPP TR 21.905 v16.0.0 (2019-06). For the purposes of this paper, the following abbreviations may apply to the examples and embodiments discussed herein.

[0186] 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 4G Fourth Generation 5G Fifth Generation 5GC 5G Core network AC Application Client ACK (Acknowledgement) ACID Application Client Identification AF Application Function AM Acknowledged Mode AMBR Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate AMF Access and Mobility Management Function AN Access Network ANR Automatic Neighbor Relation AP (Application Protocol), Antenna Port, Access Point API Application Programming Interface APN (Access Point Name) ARP Allocation and Retention Priority ARQ Automatic Repeat Request Automatic repeat request AS Access Stratum Access Layer ASP Application Service Provider ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One AUSF Authentication Server Function AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise BAP (Backhaul Adaptation Protocol) BCH Broadcast Channel BER (Bit Error Ratio) BFD Beam Failure Detection BLER Block Error Rate BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) - 2-state phase shift keying BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server BSS Business Support System BS Base Station BSR Buffer Status Report BW Bandwidth BWP Bandwidth Part C-RNTI Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity CA (Carrier Aggregation), Certification Authority CAPEX CAPital EXpenditure Capital Expenditure CBRA Contention-Based Random Access CC Component Carrier, Country Code, Cryptographic Checksum CCA Clear Channel Assessment (Available Channel Assessment) CCE Control Channel Element CCCH Common Control Channel CE Coverage Enhancement CDM (Content Delivery Network) CDMA Code-Division Multiple Access CFRA Contention Free Random Access CG Cell Group CGF Charging Gateway Function CHF Charging Function CI cell characteristics [identification information] CID Cell-ID Cell ID (e.g., positioning method) CIM Common Information Model CIR Carrier to Interference Ratio Carrier-to-Interference Ratio CK Cipher Key Cipher Key CM Connection Management, Conditional Mandatory Connection Management, Conditional Mandatory CMAS Commercial Mobile Alert Service Commercial Mobile Alert Service CMD Command Command CMS Cloud Management System Cloud Management System CO Conditional Optional Conditional Optional CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point Coordinated Multi-Point CORESET Control Resource Set Control Resource Set COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf Commercial Off-The-Shelf CP Control Plane, Cyclic Prefix, Connection Point Control Plane, Cyclic Prefix, Connection Point CPD Connection Point Descriptor Connection Point Descriptor CPE Customer Premise Equipment Customer Premise Equipment CPICH Common Pilot Channel Common Pilot Channel CQI Channel Quality Indicator Channel Quality Indicator CPU CSI processing unit, Central Processing Unit CSI processing unit, Central Processing Unit C / R Command / Response field bit Command / Response field bit CRAN Cloud Radio Access Network, Cloud RAN Cloud Radio Access Network, Cloud RAN CRB Common Resource Block Common resource block CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Cyclic redundancy check CRI Channel-State Information Resource Indicator Channel-state information resource indicator, CSI-RS Resource Indicator CSI-RS resource indicator C-RNTI Cell RNTI Cell RNTI CS Circuit Switched Circuit switched CSCF call session control function Call session control function CSAR Cloud Service Archive Cloud service archive CSI Channel-State Information Channel-state information CSI-IM CSI Interference Measurement CSI interference measurement [[ID=!9]]CSI-RS CSI Reference Signal CSI reference signal CSI-RSRP CSI reference signal received power CSI reference signal received power CSI-RSRQ CSI reference signal received quality CSI reference signal received quality CSI-SINR CSI signal-to-noise and interference ratio CSI signal-to-noise and interference ratio CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access Carrier sense multiple access CSMA / CA CSMA with collision avoidance CSMA with collision avoidance [[ID=!1]]CSS Common Search Space Common search space, Cell-specific Search Space Cell-specific search space CTF Charging Trigger Function CTS Clear-to-Send transmission enabled. CWCodeword Codeword CWS Contention Window Size D2D Device-to-Device DC Dual Connectivity, Direct Current DCI Downlink Control Information DF Deployment Flavor DL Downlink DMTF Distributed Management Task Force DPDK Data Plane Development Kit DM-RS, DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal DN Data Network DNN Data Network Name DNAI (Data Network Access Identifier) DRB Data Radio Bearer DRS Discovery Reference Signal DRX Discontinuous Reception DSL (Domain Specific Language), Digital Subscriber Line DSLAM DSL Access Multiplexer DwPTS Downlink Pilot Time Slot E-LAN ​​Ethernet Local Area Network E2E End-to-End ECCA extended clear channel assessment, extended CCA ECCE Enhanced Control Channel Element ED Energy Detection EDGE Enhanced Datarates for GSM Evolution EAS Edge Application Server EASID (Edge Application Server Identification) ECS Edge Configuration Server ECSP (Edge Computing Service Provider) EDN (Edge Data Network) EEC Edge Enabler Client EECID Edge Enabler Client Identification EES Edge Enabler Server EESID Edge Enabler Server Identification Edge Enabler Server Identification Information EHE Edge Hosting Environment Edge Hosting Environment EGMF Exposure Governance Management Function Exposure Governance Management Function EGPRS Enhanced GPRS Enhanced GPRS EIR Equipment Identity Register Equipment Identity Register eLAA enhanced Licensed Assisted Access Enhanced Licensed Assisted Access, enhanced LAA Enhanced LAA EM, Element Manager Element Manager eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband Enhanced Mobile Broadband EMS Element Management System Element Management System eNB evolved NodeB Evolved NodeB, E-UTRAN NodeB E-UTRAN NodeB EN-DC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity EPC Evolved Packet Core Evolved Packet Core EPDCCH enhanced PDCCH Enhanced PDCCH, enhanced Physical Downlink Control Cannel Physical Downlink Control Channel EPRE Energy per resource element Energy per resource element EPS Evolved Packet System Evolved Packet System EREG enhanced REG Enhanced REG, enhanced resource element groups Enhanced resource element groups ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System eUICC embedded UICC, embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card E-UTRA Evolved UTRA Evolved UTRA E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN EV2X Improved V2X F1AP F1 Application Protocol F1-C F1 Control Plane Interface F1-U F1 User Plane Interface FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel FACCH / F Fast Associated Control Channel / Full rate FACCH / H Fast Associated Control Channel / Half rate FACH (Forward Access Channel) FAUSCH Fast Uplink Signalling Channel FB Functional Block FBI Feedback Information FCC (Federal Communications Commission) FCCH Frequency Correction Channel FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access FE Front End FEC Forward Error Correction FFS For Further Study FFT Fast Fourier Transformation feLAA (Further Enhanced Licensed Assisted Access) FN Frame Number FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array FR Frequency Range FQDN: Fully Qualified Domain Name G-RNTI GERAN Radio Network Temporary Identity GERAN (GSM EDGE RAN), GSM EDGE Radio Access Network GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node GLONASS GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (English: Global Navigation Satellite System) gNB Next Generation NodeB gNB-CU (gNB-centralized unit), Next Generation NodeB Centralized unit gNB-DU (gNB-distributed unit), Next Generation NodeB distributed unit GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPSI Generic Public Subscription Identifer General Public Subscription Identifier GSM Global System for Mobile Communications, Groupe Spécial Mobile GSM Alliance GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol GTP-U GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User Plane GTS Go To Sleep Signal (Sleep Transition Signal related to WUS) GUMMEI: Globally Unique MME Identifier GUTI: Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity HARQ Hybrid ARQ, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request HANDO handover HFN HyperFrame Number HHO Hard Handover HLR Home Location Register HN Home Network Home Network HO Handover HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network HSDPA (High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access) HSN Hopping Sequence Number HSPA High Speed ​​Packet Access HSS Home Subscriber Server HSUPA High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS stands for http / 1.1 over SSL, i.e., port 443). I-Block Information Block ICCID (Integrated Circuit Card Identification) IAB Integrated Access and Backhaul ICIC Inter-Cell Interference Coordination ID Identity, Identifier Identification information, Identifier IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform IE Information Element IBE In-Band Emission IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEI Information Element Identifier IEIDL Information Element Identifier Data Length IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IF Infrastructure IM Interference Measurement, Intermodulation, IP Multimedia IMC IMS Credentials IMS Credentials IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) IMGI International mobile group identity IMPI IP Multimedia Private Identity IMPU IP Multimedia Public Identity IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity IoT (Internet of Things) IP Internet Protocol IPsec IP Security, Internet Protocol Security IP-CAN IP-Connectivity Access Network IP-M IP Multicast IP Multicast IPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4 IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6 IR Infrared IS In Sync Syncing IRP Integration Reference Point ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISIM IM Services Identity Module ISO International Organization for Standardization ISP (Internet Service Provider) IWF Interworking Function I-WLAN Interworking WLAN Constraint length of the convolutional code, USIM individual key kB Kilobyte (1000 bytes) kbps: kilobits per second Kc Ciphering key Encryption key Individual subscriber authentication key KPI Key Performance Indicator KQI Key Quality Indicator KSI Key Set Identifier ksps kilo-symbols per second KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine) L1 Layer 1 (physical layer) L1-RSRP Layer 1 reference signal received power L2 Layer 2 (data link layer) L3 Layer 3 (Network Layer) LAA Licensed Assisted Access LAN (Local Area Network) LADN (Local Area Data Network) LBT Listen Before Talk LCM (Life Cycle Management) LCR Low Chip Rate LCS Location Services LCID: Logical Channel ID LI Layer Indicator LLC Logical Link Control, Low Layer Compatibility LPLMN Local PLMN Local PLMN LPP LTE Positioning Protocol LSB (Least Significant Bit) LTE Long Term Evolution LWA LTE-WLAN aggregation LWIP LTE / WLAN Radio Level Integration with IPsec Tunnel: LTE / WLAN radio level integration via IPsec tunnel. LTE Long Term Evolution M2M Machine-to-Machine MAC Medium Access Control (in the context of protocol layering) MAC Message authentication code (in the context of security / encryption) MAC-A MAC used for authentication and key agreement (in the context of TSG T WG3) MAC-I MAC used for data integrity: MAC used for data integrity in signaling messages (in the context of TSG T WG3) MANO Management and Orchestration MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service) MBSFN Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service Single Frequency Network MCC Mobile Country Code MCG Master Cell Group MCOT Maximum Channel Occupancy Time MCS Modulation and coding scheme MDAF Management Data Analytics Function MDAS Management Data Analytics Service Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) ME Mobile Equipment Mobile Devices MeNB master eNB Master eNB MER Message Error Ratio MGL Measurement Gap Length MGRP Measurement Gap Repetition Period MIB Master Information Block, Management Information Base MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output MLC Mobile Location Centre MM Mobility Management Mobility Management MME Mobility Management Entity MN Master Node MNO Mobile Network Operator MO: Measurement Object, Mobile Originated. MPBCH MTC Physical Broadcast Channel MPDCCH MTC Physical Downlink Control Channel MPDSCH MTC Physical Downlink Shared Channel MPRACH MTC Physical Random Access Channel MPUSCH MTC Physical Uplink Shared Channel MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching) MS Mobile Station Mobile station MSB (Most Significant Bit) MSC Mobile Switching Centre MSI Minimum System Information, MCH Scheduling Information MSID Mobile Station Identifier MSIN Mobile Station Identification Number MSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number MT Mobile Terminated, Mobile Termination MTC Machine-Type Communications mMTC (massive MTC) - massive Machine-Type Communications MU-MIMO (Multi-User MIMO) MWUS MTC wake-up signal, MTC WUS MTC WUS NACK (Negative Acknowledgement) NAI (Network Access Identifier) NAS Non-Access Stratum, Non-Access Stratum layer NCT Network Connectivity Topology NC-JT Non-Coherent Joint Transmission NEC Network Capability Exposure: Network Function Disclosure NE-DC NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity NEF Network Exposure Function (Network Exposure Function) NF Network Function NFP Network Forwarding Path NFPD Network Forwarding Path Descriptor NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) NFVI NFV Infrastructure NFV Infrastructure NFVO NFV orchestrator NFV orchestrator NG Next Generation Next Generation, Next Gen NGEN-DC NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity NM Network Manager NMS Network Management System N-PoP Network Point of Presence NMIB, N-MIB, Narrowband MIB NPBCH (Narrowband Physical Broadcast Channel) NPDCCH Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel NPDSCH Narrowband Physical Downlink Shared Channel NPRACH Narrowband Physical Random Access Channel NPUSCH Narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel NPSS Narrowband Primary Synchronization Signal NSSS Narrowband Secondary Synchronization Signal NR (New Radio), Neighbor Relation NRF NF Repository Function NRS Narrowband Reference Signal NS Network Service NSA Non-Standalone operation mode NSD (Network Service Descriptor) NSR Network Service Record NSSAI Network Slice Selection Assistance Information S-NNSAI Single-NSSAI Single NSSAI NSSF Network Slice Selection Function NW Network NWUS (Narrowband WUS) NZP Non-Zero Power O&M Operation and Maintenance ODU2 Optical Channel Data Unit - Type 2 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) OOB (Out-of-band) OOS (Out of Sync) OPEX: Operating Expenses OSI Other System Information OSS Operations Support System OTA over-the-air PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) PAR (Peak to Average Ratio) PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) PC Power Control, Personal Computer PCC Primary Component Carrier, Primary CC P-CSCF Proxy CSCF Proxy CSCF PCell Primary Cell Main cell PCI Physical Cell ID, Physical Cell Identity PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement Function PCF Policy Control Function PCRF Policy Control and Charging Rules Function PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) and Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer. PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) PDN (Packet Data Network), Public Data Network PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) PDU Protocol Data Unit PEI Permanent Equipment Identifiers PFD Packet Flow Description P-GW PDN Gateway PHICH Physical hybrid-ARQ indicator channel PHY Physical layer PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PIN (Personal Identification Number) PM Performance Measurement Performance measurement PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator PNF (Physical Network Function) PNFD (Physical Network Function Descriptor) PNFR (Physical Network Function Record) POC PTT over Cellular PP, PTP: Point-to-Point PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) PRACH Physical RACH Physical RACH PRB Physical resource block PRG Physical resource block group ProSe (Proximity Services), Proximity-Based Service PRS Positioning Reference Signal PRR Packet Reception Radio PS Packet Services PSBCH Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel PSDCH Physical Sidelink Downlink Channel PSCCH Physical Sidelink Control Channel PSSCH Physical Sidelink Shared Channel PSCell Primary SCell Primary SCell PSS Primary Synchronization Signal Primary synchronization signal PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PT-RS Phase-tracking reference signal Phase-tracking reference signal PTT Push-to-Talk PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) QCI QoS class of identifier QCL Quasi co-location (quasi-co-location) QFI QoS Flow ID, QoS Flow Identifier QoS (Quality of Service) QPSK Quadrature (Quaternary) Phase Shift Keying QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System RA-RNTI (Random Access RNTI) RAB Radio Access Bearer, Random Access Burst RACH Random Access Channel RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RAN Radio Access Network RAND: Random number (used for authentication) RAR (Random Access Response) RAT Radio Access Technology RAU Routing Area Update RB Resource block, Radio Bearer RBG Resource block group REG Resource Element Group Rel Release REQ REQuest request RF Radio Frequency RI Rank Indicator RIV Resource indicator value RL Radio Link RLC Radio Link Control, Radio Link Control layer RLC AM RLC Acknowledged Mode RLC UM RLC Unacknowledged Mode RLF Radio Link Failure RLM Radio Link Monitoring RLM-RS Reference Signal for RLM RM Registration Management RMC Reference Measurement Channel RMSI (Remaining MSI), Remaining Minimum System Information RN Relay Node RNC Radio Network Controller RNL (Radio Network Layer) RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identifier) ROHC Robust Header Compression RRC Radio Resource Control Radio resource control, Radio Resource Control layer Wireless resource control layer RRM Radio Resource Management Radio resource management RS Reference Signal Reference signal RSRP Reference Signal Received Power RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator RSU Road Side Unit RSTD Reference Signal Time Difference RTP (Real Time Protocol) RTS Ready-To-Send Ready to send RTT (Round Trip Time) Rx Reception, Receiving Receiver S1AP S1 Application Protocol S1-MME S1 for the control plane S1-U S1 for the user plane S-CSCF serving CSCF serviceCSCF S-GW Serving Gateway S-RNTI SRNC Radio Network Temporary Identity S-TMSI SAE Temporary Mobile Station Identifier SAE Temporary Mobile Station Identifier SA Standalone operation mode SAE System Architecture Evolution SAP Service Access Point SAPD Service Access Point Descriptor SAPI Service Access Point Identifier SCC Secondary Component Carrier, Secondary CC SCell Secondary Cell SCEF Service Capability Exposure Function SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) SCG Secondary Cell Group SCM Security Context Management SCS Subcarrier Spacing SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) - Service Data Adaptation Protocol Layer SDL Supplementary Downlink SDNF (Structured Data Storage Network Function) SDP Session Description Protocol SDSF (Structured Data Storage Function) SDU Service Data Unit SEAF Security Anchor Function SeNB secondary eNB SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy SFI Slot Format Indication SFTD (Space-Frequency Time Diversity), SFN (Space-Frequency Network) and frame timing difference SFN System Frame Number SgNB Secondary gNB Secondary gNB SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node S-GW Serving Gateway SI System Information SI-RNTI System Table RNTI System Information RNTI SIB System Information Block SIM Subscriber Identity Module SIP Session Initiation Protocol SiP System in Package SL Sidelink SLA (Service Level Agreement) SM Session Management SMF Session Management Function SMS Short Message Service SMSF SMS Function SMTC SSB-based Measurement Timing Configuration SN Secondary Node, Sequence Number SoC (System on Chip) SON Self-Organizing Network SpCell Special Cell SP-CSI-RNTI Semi-Persistent CSI RNTI SPS Semi-Persistent Scheduling SQN Sequence number SR Scheduling Request SRB Signaling Radio Bearer SRS Sounding Reference Signal Detection reference signal SS Synchronization Signal Synchronization signal SSB Synchronization Signal Block SSID (Service Set Identifier) SS / PBCH Block SS / PBCH Block SSBRI SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator, Syncheronization Signal Block Resource Indicator SSC Session and Service Continuity SS-RSRP Synchronization Signal based Reference Signal Received Power SS-RSRQ Synchronization Signal based Reference Signal Received Quality SS-SINR Synchronization Signal-based Signal-to-Noise and Interference Ratio SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal SSSG Search Space Set Group SSSIF Search Space Set Indicator SST Slice / Service Types SU-MIMO (Single User MIMO) SUL Supplementary Uplink TA Timing Advance, Tracking Area TAC Tracking Area Code TAG Timing Advance Group TAI Tracking Area Identity TAU Tracking Area Update TB Transport Block TBS Transport Block Size TBD To Be Defined TCI Transmission Configuration Indicator TCP Transmission Communication Protocol TDD (Time Division Duplex) TDM Time Division Multiplexing TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) TE Terminal Equipment TEID: Tunnel End Point Identifier TFT Traffic Flow Template TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity) TNL (Transport Network Layer) TPC Transmit Power Control TPMI Transmitted Precoding Matrix Indicator TR Technical Report Technical report TRP, TRxP Transmission Reception Point TRS Tracking Reference Signal TRx Transceiver TS Technical Specifications, Technical Standards TTI Transmission Time Interval Tx Transmission, Transmitting, Transmission, Transmitter U-RNTI UTRAN Radio Network Temporary Identity UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter UCI Uplink Control Information UE User Equipment UDM Unified Data Management: Centralized Data Management UDP User Datagram Protocol UDSF (Unstructured Data Storage Network Function) UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card UL Uplink UM Unacknowledged Mode (No Acknowledgment Response Mode) UML (Unified Modeling Language) UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UP User Plane UPF User Plane Function URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency USB Universal Serial Bus USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module USS UE-specific search space UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) UwPTS Uplink Pilot Time Slot V2I Vehicle-to-Infrastructure V2P Vehicle-to-Pedestrian V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle V2X Vehicle-to-everything VIM Virtualized Infrastructure Manager VL Virtual Link, VLAN (Virtual LAN), Virtual Local Area Network VM (Virtual Machine) VNF (Virtualized Network Function) VNF Forwarding Graph VNFFGD VNF Forwarding Graph Descriptor VNFM VNF Manager VNF Manager VoIP (Voice-over-IP, Voice-over-Internet Protocol) VPLMN Visited Public Land Mobile Network VPN (Virtual Private Network) VRB (Virtual Resource Block) WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) WMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Network WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network X2-C X2-Control plane X2-U X2-User plane XML eXtensible Markup Language XRES Expected User Response XOR eXclusive OR exclusive OR ZC Zadoff-Chu ZP Zero Power

[0187] Terminology For the purposes of this specification, the following terms and definitions are applicable to the examples and embodiments discussed herein.

[0188] As used herein, the term “circuit” refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components configured to provide the functions described, such as electronic circuits, logic circuits, processors (shared, dedicated, or group) and / or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable devices (FPDs) (e.g., field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), composite PLDs (CPLDs), high-performance PLDs (HCPLDs), constructed ASICs, or programmable SoCs), and digital signal processors (DSPs). In some embodiments, a circuit may run one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the functionalities described. The term “circuit” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) having program code used to perform the functions of the program code. In these embodiments, a combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuit.

[0189] As used herein, the term “processor circuit” refers to, is part of, or includes a circuit capable of sequentially and automatically performing a series of arithmetic or logical operations, or recording, storing, and / or transferring digital data. A processing circuit may include one or more processing cores for executing instructions and one or more memory structures for storing program and data information. The term “processor circuit” may also refer to one or more application processors, one or more baseband processors, physical central processing units (CPUs), single-core processors, dual-core processors, triple-core processors, quad-core processors, and / or any other devices that can execute or otherwise operate computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, and / or functional processes. A processing circuit may include more hardware accelerators, such as microprocessors and programmable processing devices. One or more hardware accelerators may include, for example, computer vision (CV) and / or deep learning (DL) accelerators. The terms “application circuit” and / or “baseband circuit” may be considered synonymous with “processor circuit” and may also be referred to as “processor circuit.”

[0190] As used herein, the term “interface circuit” refers to, is part of, or includes a circuit that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term “interface circuit” may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, such as a bus, an I / O interface, a peripheral component interface, a network interface card, and / or others.

[0191] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” or “UE” refer to a device having wireless communication capabilities and may represent a remote user of network resources within a communication network. The terms “User Equipment” or “UE” may be considered synonymous with, and may be referred to as, a client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Furthermore, the terms “User Equipment” or “UE” may include any computing device including any type of wireless / wired device or wireless communication interface.

[0192] As used herein, the term “Network Element” refers to physical or virtualized equipment and / or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term “Network Element” may be considered synonymous with, and / or referred to as, networked computers, networking hardware, network equipment, network nodes, routers, switches, hubs, bridges, wireless network controllers, RAN devices, RAN nodes, gateways, servers, virtualized VNFs, NFVIs, and / or others.

[0193] As used herein, the term “computer system” refers to any type of interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Furthermore, the terms “computer system” and / or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are interconnected by communication. Additionally, the terms “computer system” and / or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices and / or multiple computing systems that are interconnected by communication and configured to share computing and / or networking resources.

[0194] As used herein, terms such as “appliance” and “computer appliance” refer to a computer device or computer system having program code (e.g., software or firmware) specifically designed to provide a particular computing resource. A “virtual appliance” is a virtual machine image implemented by a hypervisor-based device that virtualizes or emulates a computer appliance, or is otherwise dedicated in a way to provide a particular computing resource.

[0195] As used herein, the term “resource” refers to physical or virtual devices, physical or virtual components, and / or physical or virtual components within a particular device in a computing environment, including computer devices, mechanical devices, memory space, processor / CPU time, processor / CPU usage, processor and accelerator load, hardware time or usage, power, input / output operation, ports or network sockets, channel / link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage, networks, databases and applications, and workload units. “Hardware resources” may refer to computing, storage, and / or network resources provided by a physical hardware element(s). “Virtualized resources” may refer to computing, storage, and / or network resources provided to applications, devices, systems, etc., by a virtualization infrastructure. The term “network resources” or “communication resources” may refer to resources accessible by computer devices / systems over a communication network. The term “system resources” may refer to any kind of shared entity providing services, and may include computing and / or network resources. System resources can be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects, or services that reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are accessible via a clearly identifiable server.

[0196] As used herein, the term “channel” refers to any tangible or intangible transmission medium used to communicate data or data streams. The term “channel” may be synonymous and / or equivalent to any other similar term indicating a path or medium through which data is communicated, such as “communication channel,” “data communication channel,” “transmission channel,” “data transmission channel,” “access channel,” “data access channel,” “link,” “data link,” “carrier,” “radio frequency carrier,” and / or any other similar term. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “link” refers to a connection between two devices via a RAT for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information.

[0197] As used herein, terms such as "instantiate" and "instantiate" refer to the creation of an instance. An "instance" can also refer to the specific occurrence of an object, for example, during the execution of program code.

[0198] The terms “coupled” and “communicationally coupled” are used herein together with their derivatives. The term “coupled” may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other, that two or more elements are indirectly in contact with each other but still cooperate or interact with each other, and / or that one or more other elements are coupled or connected between elements said to be coupled to each other. The term “directly coupled” may mean that two or more elements are in direct contact with each other. The term “communicationally coupled” may mean that two or more elements are in contact with each other by means of communication, such as through wires or other interconnections, through wireless communication channels or links.

[0199] The term "information element" refers to a structural element that contains one or more fields. The term "field" refers to the individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains contents.

[0200] The term "SMTC" refers to an SSB-based measurement timing configuration configured by SSB-MeasurementTimingConfiguration. The term "SSB" refers to the SS / PBCH block.

[0201] The term "Primary Cell" refers to the MCG cell operating on the primary frequency from which the UE performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. The term "primary SCG cell" refers to the SCG cell through which the UE performs random access when executing the Reconfiguration with Sync procedure for DC operation. The term "Secondary Cell" refers to a cell that provides additional radio resources on top of a special cell for a UE configured using CA. The term "sub-cell group" refers to a subset of serving cells that includes a PSCell and zero or more sub-cells for a UE composed of DCs. The term "Serving Cell" refers to the primary cell for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED that is not configured with CA / DC, and there is only one serving cell that constitutes a primary cell. The term "serving cell" or "multiple serving cells" refers to a set of cells that includes the special cell for the UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA / , and all sub-cells. The term "special cell" refers to MCG's PCell or SCG's PSCell for DC operation; otherwise, the term "special cell" refers to Pcell.

Claims

1. One or more non-temporary computer-readable media (NTCRM) storing instructions, wherein, when the instructions are executed by one or more processors, they are sent to the user equipment (UE): A step of receiving configuration information for a first set of one or more Search Reference Signal (SRS) resource sets and a second set of one or more SRS resource sets, wherein the first set is associated with a first transmit / receive point (TRP) and the second set is associated with a second TRP; The steps include receiving a message to activate one or both of the first and second sets of the SRS resource set; Based on the activated SRS resource set, the system performs the step of transmitting one or more SRSs with antenna switching. The aforementioned configuration information further constitutes a third set of SRS resource sets for carrier switching, and the SRS resource sets of the third set of SRS resource sets are configured with an application set to "antennaSwitching" and an SRS power control state set to "separateClosedLoop". One or more NTCRMs.

2. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 1, wherein the first and second sets of SRS resource sets of the SRS resource set are semi-persistent SRS resource sets.

3. The NTCRM according to claim 2, wherein the message is a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or downlink control information (DCI).

4. The configuration information includes one or more power control parameters associated with each of the first and second sets of SRS resource sets, according to claim 1, one or more NTCRMs.

5. The NTCRM according to claim 4, wherein the one or more power control parameters include one or more of the SRS power control adjustment state, path loss reference signal, P0 parameter, alpha parameter, or spatial relationship.

6. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 1, wherein the SRS resource set of at least one of the first set or the second set has SRS resource sets having different xTyR configurations.

7. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 6, wherein SRS resource sets having different xTyR configurations have different trigger states.

8. The NTCRM according to claim 1, wherein, when the instruction is executed, the UE further causes the UE to receive a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) for reconfiguring the SRS resources of at least one of the SRS resource sets for different xTyR configurations.

9. One or more non-temporary computer-readable media (NTCRM) in which instructions are stored, wherein, when the instructions are executed by one or more processors, they are sent to the next-generation node B (gNB): A step of encoding configuration information for a first set of one or more Search Reference Signal (SRS) resource sets and a second set of one or more SRS resource sets for transmission to a user device (UE), wherein the first set is associated with a first transmit / receive point (TRP) and the second set is associated with a second TRP; The steps include: encoding a message for transmission to the UE in order to activate one or both of the first and second sets of the SRS resource set for antenna switching; A field that dynamically indicates the SRS power control status, or a step of transmitting downlink control information (DCI) that has a DCI format indicating the SRS power control status. This will cause it to be executed. One or more NTCRMs.

10. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 9, wherein the first and second sets of SRS resource sets of the SRS resource sets are semi-persistent SRS resource sets.

11. The NTCRM according to claim 10, wherein the message is a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or downlink control information (DCI).

12. The configuration information includes one or more power control parameters associated with each of the first and second sets of SRS resource sets, according to claim 9.

13. The NTCRM according to claim 12, wherein the one or more power control parameters include one or more of the SRS power control adjustment state, path loss reference signal, P0 parameter, alpha parameter, or spatial relationship.

14. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 9, wherein the SRS resource set of at least one of the first set or the second set has SRS resource sets having different xTyR configurations.

15. One or more NTCRMs according to claim 14, wherein SRS resource sets having different xTyR configurations have different trigger states.

16. The instruction, when executed, causes the gNB to further transmit a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) for reconfiguring the SRS resources of at least one of the SRS resource sets for different xTyR configurations, one or more NTCRMs according to any one of claims 9 to 15.

17. One or more non-temporary computer-readable media (NTCRM) storing instructions, wherein, when the instructions are executed by one or more processors, they are sent to the next-generation node B (gNB): A step of encoding configuration information for a set of multiple search reference signal (SRS) resources associated with a transmit / receive point (TRP) and configured for antenna switching, for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein all SRS resources in the set of multiple SRS resources have the same first transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state; The system performs the step of receiving one or more SRSs from the UE using antenna switching based on the aforementioned configuration information. When the instruction is executed, it causes the gNB to further transmit downlink control information (DCI) indicating a second TCI state associated with the TRP during a time period encompassing all SRS resources in the entire SRS resource set. The second TCI state is not valid until after the time period and is not used by the UE to transmit the remaining SRS during the time period; The second TCI state is discarded by the UE; The second TCI state becomes effective during the time period, but is not applied by the UE for the rest of the SRS during the time period; or The second TCI state becomes active and is applied by the UE if there are any remaining SRS during the time period. One or more NTCRMs.

18. The NTCRM according to claim 17, wherein the first TCI state is a joint downlink (DL) / uplink (UL) TCI state.

19. The NTCRM according to claim 17, wherein the first TCI state is a separate uplink (UL) TCI state.

20. One or more non-temporary computer-readable media (NTCRM) storing instructions, wherein, when the instructions are executed by one or more processors, they are transmitted to a next-generation node B (gNB): A step of encoding configuration information for a set of multiple search reference signal (SRS) resources associated with a transmit / receive point (TRP) and configured for antenna switching, for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein all SRS resources in the set of multiple SRS resources have the same first transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state; The system performs the step of receiving one or more SRSs from the UE using antenna switching based on the aforementioned configuration information. When the instruction is executed, it causes the gNB to further transmit downlink control information (DCI) indicating a second TCI state associated with the TRP, the second TCI state being applied by the UE for one or more SRSs if the time period between when the UE receives the DCI and the earliest SRS resource among the plurality of SRS resource sets is less than the beam application time. One or more NTCRMs.

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