Electrolyte composition, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and power consumption device

Abstract

The present application provides an electrolyte composition, a secondary battery, a battery module, a battery pack, and a power consumption device. The electrolyte composition is a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition. When subjected to a certain external force, mechanical thixotropy occurs, thereby improving the impact resistance and safety of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of secondary batteries, and particularly to electrolyte compositions, secondary batteries, battery modules, battery packs, and power consumption devices.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, secondary batteries have been widely applied in many fields such as energy storage power systems such as hydraulic power, thermal power, wind power, and solar thermal power plants, as well as electric tools, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, military equipment, and aerospace. With the popularization of the use of secondary batteries, higher requirements are also placed on their performance and safety.

[0003] Currently, liquid electrolytes and all-solid-state electrolytes are two types of electrolytes commonly used in batteries. However, liquid electrolytes are likely to generate dendritic crystals on the negative electrode during the cycling process, making the battery prone to short-circuiting and inducing safety problems. All-solid-state electrolytes are difficult to form excellent interfacial contact with the electrode plates, and neither can meet the needs of the application of the new generation of electrochemical systems.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application is made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an electrolyte composition capable of generating mechanical thixotropy under a certain external force action to enhance the shock resistance performance and safety of the battery.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides an electrolyte composition which is a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition.

[0006] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition can generate mechanical thixotropy under a certain external force action, that is, it changes from a flowable state to a solid, thereby effectively enhancing the short-circuit prevention safety and shock resistance performance of the battery. In addition, compared with other quasi-solid electrolytes and liquid electrolytes, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition can achieve the smallest electrolyte ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance at a low stacking pressure, and the battery assembly process is improved.

[0007] At 25°C, while rotating at a speed of 12 revolutions per minute with the 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotational viscometer, the electrolyte composition was stirred for 10 seconds, and then the viscosity of the electrolyte composition became 1000 mPa·s to 50000 mPa·s.

[0008] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition has a high viscosity. Compared with a liquid electrolyte battery having a similar composition, the high viscosity can effectively suppress the gas generation of the battery and further improve the cycle performance of the battery.

[0009] In any embodiment, at 25°C, while rotating at a speed of 12 revolutions per minute with the 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotational viscometer, the electrolyte composition was stirred for 10 minutes, and then the viscosity of the electrolyte composition increased by more than 100 mPa·s compared with the viscosity after testing for 10 seconds under the same conditions.

[0010] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition cannot satisfy Newton's viscosity law, that is, the shear stress and the shear strain rate are in a non-linear relationship. The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition in the present application is a shear thickening liquid, and its viscosity increases with the increase of the shear rate or the increase of the shear time.

[0011] In any embodiment, for the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, the decline rate of the loss coefficient after mechanical thixotropy with respect to the loss coefficient before mechanical thixotropy is more than 10%.

[0012] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte has mechanical thixotropic performance. Due to an external force impact such as nail puncture or pressing, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition changes from a flowable state to a solid, and the change in the phase state causes a decline in its loss coefficient. The decline rate of the loss coefficient of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is more than 10%, that is, the storage modulus increases significantly, thereby effectively improving the safety and shock resistance of the battery when an accident such as nail puncture occurs.

[0013] In any embodiment, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprises one of an organic solvent and an ionic liquid, an electrolyte salt, and suspended particles.

[0014] Non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions comprising electrolyte salts, ionic liquids, and suspended particles, or non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions comprising electrolyte salts, organic solvents, and suspended particles, possess excellent safety and shock resistance. At the same time, these non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions can achieve the lowest electrolyte ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance at low stacking pressures, simplifying the battery assembly process.

[0015] In any embodiment, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition further comprises a polymer.

[0016] Introducing polyethylene oxide into a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition enhances the battery's cycle performance, reduces its expansion rate, decreases gas generation, and contributes to improved battery safety.

[0017] In any embodiment, the electrolyte salt comprises a sodium salt, the sodium salt comprising one or more of sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium nitrate, sodium perchlorate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium trifluoroacetate, sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and selectively comprising one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.

[0018] The above sodium salts enhance the safety and shock resistance of non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions, improve battery cycle performance, and reduce the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate and the electrolyte's ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance are minimized, thereby contributing to improved battery safety and a refined battery assembly process. Further improvements in battery cycle performance can be achieved by selectively controlling the sodium salt to contain one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.

[0019] In any embodiment, the organic solvent comprises one or more ether organic solvents, ester organic solvents, and sulfur-containing organic solvents, and comprises one or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and selectively comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

[0020] The above-mentioned organic solvent enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, reduces the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest, and contributes to improving the battery assembly process. By selectively controlling the organic solvent to contain ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition are further enhanced, the battery's cycle performance is improved to a greater extent, the battery's gas generation rate is significantly reduced, and battery safety is enhanced.

[0021] In any embodiment, the ionic liquid comprises one or more of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, 5-azonia spiro[4,4]nonane hexafluorophosphate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and tetrabutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate, and selectively comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.

[0022] The above-mentioned ionic liquid enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, reduces the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest, and contributes to improving the battery assembly process. By controlling the ionic liquid to selectively contain one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition are further enhanced, the battery cycle performance is improved to a greater extent, the battery gas generation rate and the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest are significantly reduced, and this contributes to improving battery safety and the battery assembly process.

[0023] In any embodiment, the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylamide, and selectively comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol.

[0024] The above polymer enhances the safety and impact resistance of non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions, reduces the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate and the electrolyte's ohmic and interfacial resistances are minimized, thereby improving battery safety and the battery assembly process. By controlling the polymer to selectively contain one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol, the battery's cycle performance is further enhanced, the battery's stacking pressure at which the electrolyte's ohmic and interfacial resistances are minimized is significantly reduced, and the battery assembly process is further improved.

[0025] In any embodiment, the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and polyurethane, and selectively comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0026] The above-mentioned suspended particles enhance the safety and impact resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, and contribute to improving the battery assembly process by reducing the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest. By controlling the suspension particles to selectively contain one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide, the battery's cycle performance is further enhanced, the battery's gas generation rate is significantly reduced, and battery safety is improved.

[0027] In any embodiment, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0028] The selection of the above-mentioned electrolyte salts, organic solvents, ionic liquids, polymers, and suspended particles contributes to improving the battery's cycle performance.

[0029] In any embodiment, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0030] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprising the electrolyte salt, organic solvent, and suspended particles described above enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, improves the battery's cycle performance, and reduces the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate, electrolyte's ohmic resistance, and interfacial resistance are minimized, thereby contributing to improved battery safety and an improved battery assembly process.

[0031] In any embodiment, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0032] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprising the electrolyte salt, organic solvent, polymer, and suspended particles described above enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, improves the battery's cycle performance, and reduces the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate and the electrolyte's ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance are minimized, thereby contributing to improved battery safety and an improved battery assembly process.

[0033] In any embodiment, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0034] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprising the electrolyte salt, ionic liquid, and suspended particles described above enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, reduces the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest, and contributes to improving the battery assembly process.

[0035] In any embodiment, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0036] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprising the electrolyte salt, ionic liquid, polymer, and suspended particles described above enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, reduces the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest, and contributes to improving the battery assembly process.

[0037] In any embodiment, based on the total mass of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, the mass content of the electrolyte salt is 5% to 20%, the mass content of the organic solvent is 20% to 60%, the mass content of the ionic liquid is 20% to 60%, the mass content of the polymer is 0% to 40%, and the mass content of the suspended particles is greater than 0 and 20% or less.

[0038] By controlling the appropriate mass content of electrolyte salts, organic solvents, ionic liquids, polymers, and suspended particles, the safety and shock resistance of non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions are enhanced, battery cycle performance is improved, and the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate, electrolyte ohmic resistance, and interfacial resistance are minimized is reduced, thereby contributing to improved battery safety and an improved battery assembly process. Interfacial stability is reinforced while ensuring the diffusion of metal ions.

[0039] In any embodiment, the pressing force of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is 35 kN to 200 kN.

[0040] The non - Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition has an appropriate pressing strength and contributes to improving its shock resistance performance.

[0041] The second aspect of the present application provides a secondary battery including a positive electrode plate and the non - Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition described in any embodiment.

[0042] This secondary battery has excellent cycle performance.

[0043] In any embodiment, the secondary battery includes at least one of a lithium battery and a sodium battery.

[0044] In any embodiment, the secondary battery is a sodium - free anode battery. This sodium - free anode battery has a high energy density.

[0045] In any embodiment, the positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material includes at least one of a transition metal layered oxide, a polyanion compound, and a Prussian blue compound, such as NaNi Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2, Na(Cu 1 / 9 Ni 2 / 9 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 )O2, Na 2 / 3 Ni 1 / 6 Mn 2 / 3 Cu 1 / 9 Mg 1 / 18 O2, Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7, NaFePO4, Na3V2(PO4)3, Na 1.9 CoFe(CN)6, Na2NiFe(CN)6, NaMnFe(CN)6, or one or more thereof.

[0046] All of the above positive electrode active materials can enable the battery to have excellent cycle performance and safety.

[0047] In any embodiment, the positive electrode active material has a coating layer on its surface, the coating layer comprising one or more of the following: carbon material, ZrO2, TiO2, polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, lanthanum oxide, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and aluminum fluoride, the carbon material comprising one or more of amorphous carbon, graphite, and graphene.

[0048] By having a coating layer on the surface of the positive electrode active material, cycle performance is improved, the gas generation rate of the battery is significantly reduced, and this further contributes to enhancing the safety of the battery.

[0049] A third aspect of the present application provides a battery module including a secondary battery according to the second aspect of the present application.

[0050] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a battery pack including a secondary battery according to the second aspect of the present application or a battery module according to the third aspect of the present application.

[0051] A fifth aspect of the present application provides a power consumption device comprising at least one of a secondary battery according to the second aspect of the present application, a battery module according to the third aspect of the present application, and a battery pack according to the fourth aspect of the present application. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0052] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is an exploded view of a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] Figure 4 is an exploded view of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6]This is a schematic diagram of a power consumption device that uses a secondary battery as a power source according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0053] Hereinafter, embodiments specifically disclosing the electrolyte composition, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and electrical device of the present application will be described in detail with appropriate reference to the drawings. However, unnecessary details may be omitted. For example, detailed explanations of well-known matters and redundant explanations of substantially the same structures may be omitted. This is to avoid the following description becoming unnecessarily verbose and to ensure that it is easily understood by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the essence of the claims.

[0054] The “range” disclosed herein is limited in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit, and a given range is limited by selecting one lower limit and one upper limit, and the selected lower and upper limits define the boundary of a particular range. The range thus limited may include the values ​​at both ends, or it may not include the values ​​at both ends, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if the ranges 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a given parameter, it is understood that the ranges 60-110 and 80-120 are also expected. Also, if 1 and 2 are listed as the minimum range values ​​and 3, 4 and 5 are listed as the maximum range values, then the ranges 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5 are all expected. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range “a-b” represents an abbreviated expression for any combination of real numbers between a and b, and both a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0 to 5" means that all real numbers between "0 to 5" are listed in this specification, and "0 to 5" is simply an abbreviated representation of combinations of these numbers. Furthermore, when it is stated that a parameter is an integer ≥ 2, this is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0055] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0056] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0057] Unless otherwise specified, all steps of the present invention may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably in order. For example, if it is mentioned that the method includes steps (a) and (b), it means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, if it is mentioned that the method may further include step (c), it means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or steps (a), (c) and (b), or steps (c), (a) and (b).

[0058] Unless otherwise specified, the terms “include” and “incorporate” as used herein are open-ended or closed-ended. For example, “include” and “incorporate” may further include or incorporate other components not listed, or may include or incorporate only the listed components.

[0059] Unless otherwise specified, the term “or” is inclusive in this application. For example, the phrase “A or B” means “A, B, or both A and B.” More specifically, any one of the following conditions satisfies the condition “A or B”: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0060] Currently, many problems exist with liquid electrolytes and all-solid electrolytes. However, pseudo-solid electrolytes are attracting attention from researchers because they possess not only liquid components but also a certain geometric shape and strength, thus combining the advantages of both liquid and all-solid electrolytes. Their mechanical properties are a factor in how electrolytes maintain structural stability during charge / discharge cycles. Therefore, to meet the needs of new-generation electrochemical systems, it is necessary to develop electrolytes that not only have excellent mechanical properties but also possess the advantages of pseudo-solid electrolytes.

[0061] [Electrolyte composition] Based on this, the present application proposes an electrolyte composition, which is a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition.

[0062] In this specification, a non-Newtonian fluid refers to a fluid whose rheological properties do not satisfy Newton's experimental laws of viscosity, i.e., there is no linear relationship between the shear stress and shear rate of such a fluid.

[0063] Non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions can generate mechanical thixotropy under a certain external force, meaning they change from a fluid state to a solid state, thereby effectively enhancing the short-circuit prevention safety and shock resistance of batteries. Furthermore, compared to other high-viscosity electrolytes, non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions can achieve the lowest electrolyte ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance at low stacking pressures, improving the battery assembly process.

[0064] In some embodiments, the electrolyte composition is stirred for 10 seconds while rotating at a speed of 12 revolutions per minute using a 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotational viscosity tester at 25°C, after which the viscosity of the electrolyte composition is 1000 mPa·s to 50000 mPa·s.

[0065] In some embodiments, the electrolyte composition is stirred for 10 seconds while rotating at a speed of 12 revolutions / minute using a 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotational viscosity tester at 25°C, and then the upper or lower limits of the viscosity of the electrolyte composition are optionally set to 1000 mPa·s, 2000 mPa·s, 3000 mPa·s, 4000 mPa·s, 5000 mPa·s, 6000 mPa·s, and 7 It may also be 000mPa·s, 8000mPa·s, 9000mPa·s, 10000mPa·s, 12000mPa·s, 14000mPa·s, 16000mPa·s, 18000mPa·s, 20000mPa·s, 25000mPa·s, 30000mPa·s, 35000mPa·s, 40000mPa·s, 45000mPa·s, or 50000mPa·s.

[0066] In this specification, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions is tested using a Brookfield Dveslvtjo rotational viscometer. The test conditions are as follows: temperature 25°C, time 10 seconds, a 64# rotor used for measuring viscosities of 2000 mPa·s or higher, a 62# rotor used for measuring viscosities less than 2000 mPa·s, and a rotor rotation speed of 12 revolutions / minute. Three measurements are taken in parallel, and the average value is taken. Compared to batteries with liquid electrolytes of similar composition, non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions can effectively suppress gas generation in batteries due to their high viscosity, and further improve the battery's cycle performance.

[0067] In some embodiments, after stirring the electrolyte composition for 10 minutes at a speed of 12 revolutions / minute using a 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotational viscosity tester at 25°C, the viscosity of the electrolyte composition increases by more than 100 mPa·s compared to the viscosity after testing for 10 seconds under the same conditions.

[0068] In some embodiments, after stirring the electrolyte composition for 10 minutes at a speed of 12 revolutions / minute while rotating it with a 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotational viscosity tester at 25°C, the increase in viscosity of the electrolyte composition compared to the viscosity after testing for 10 seconds under the same conditions is selectively 100 mPa·s, 300 mPa·s, 500 mPa·s, 700 mPa·s, 900 mPa·s, 1000 mPa·s, 1200 mPa·s, 1400 mPa·s, 1600 mPa·s, 1800 mPa·s, 2000 mPa·s, 2200 mPa·s, 2400 mPa·s, 2600 mPa·s, 2800 mPa·s, or 3000 mPa·s.

[0069] Non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions cannot satisfy Newton's law of viscosity; that is, the shear stress and shear strain rate are in a nonlinear relationship. In this specification, non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions are shear-thickening liquids whose viscosity increases with increasing shear rate or shear time.

[0070] In some embodiments, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition exhibits a reduction of more than 10% in the loss coefficient after mechanical thixotropy compared to the loss coefficient before mechanical thixotropy.

[0071] In this specification, mechanical thixotropy refers to the process of changing an electrolyte composition from a fluid state to a solid state by applying a constant external force.

[0072] In some embodiments, mechanical thixotropy of the electrolyte composition is achieved by nail penetration. As an example, a battery based on the electrolyte composition is nailed using a tensile machine and nail penetration jig manufactured by Kotetsu Co., Ltd., with a nail of 1 mm in diameter used in the nail penetration tester, nail penetration at a speed of 6 mm / min, and a nail penetration depth of 2 mm. In some embodiments, mechanical thixotropy of the electrolyte composition is achieved by pressing. As an example, a semi-cylindrical pressing plate with a radius of 75 mm is pressed onto the battery perpendicular to the direction of the battery's electrode plates, and the pressing speed is 60 mm / min.

[0073] In this specification, the term "loss coefficient" refers to the ratio of the loss modulus to the storage modulus.

[0074] In this specification, the loss coefficient of a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition can be tested using methods known in the art. For example, a sample can be cut into a disc with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, the test instrument is a Haake rheometer, the test temperature is 25°C, the strain sweep range is 0.1% to 1000%, and the fixed frequency is 1 Hz, and the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) can be obtained, respectively, and the loss coefficient can be determined. The formula for TIFF0007911162000001.tif6170 is The filename is TIFF0007911162000002.tif6150.

[0075] In this specification, the term "rate of decline" is defined as (loss coefficient before mechanical thixotropy - loss coefficient after mechanical thixotropy) / loss coefficient before mechanical thixotropy.

[0076] In some embodiments, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition has a selective reduction rate of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, or 75% in the loss coefficient after mechanical thixotropy compared to the loss coefficient before mechanical thixotropy.

[0077] Upon external force such as nail penetration or pressure, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition changes from a fluid state to a solid state. This change in phase state causes a decrease in its loss coefficient, and the rate of decrease in the loss coefficient of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition exceeds 10%, meaning that the storage modulus increases significantly, thereby effectively improving the safety and shock resistance of the battery in the event of an accident such as nail penetration.

[0078] In some embodiments, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprises at least one of an organic solvent and an ionic liquid, an electrolyte salt, and suspended particles.

[0079] In this specification, the term "organic solvent" refers to an organic compound that is dielectric, capable of dissolving electrolyte salts, and contains carbon atoms.

[0080] In this specification, the term "ionic liquid" refers to a liquid that does not possess dielectric properties, can dissociate electrolyte salts, and consists of ions.

[0081] In this specification, the term "electrolyte salt" refers to a compound in which a metal ion and an acid ion are bonded, and the electrolyte salt is conductive when dissolved in an aqueous solution or in a molten state.

[0082] In this specification, the term "suspended particles" refers to particles uniformly dispersed in a non-Newtonian electrolyte composition system, and suspended particles include, but are not limited to, one or more organic and inorganic particles.

[0083] In some examples, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprises an organic solvent, an electrolyte salt, and suspended particles.

[0084] In some embodiments, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprises an ionic liquid, an electrolyte salt, and suspended particles.

[0085] Non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions comprising electrolyte salts, ionic liquids, and suspended particles, or non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions comprising electrolyte salts, organic solvents, and suspended particles, possess excellent safety and shock resistance. At the same time, these non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions can achieve the lowest electrolyte ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance at low stacking pressures, simplifying the battery assembly process.

[0086] In some embodiments, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition further comprises a polymer.

[0087] In some examples, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprises an organic solvent, an electrolyte salt, a polymer, and suspended particles.

[0088] In some examples, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprises an ionic liquid, an electrolyte salt, a polymer, and suspended particles.

[0089] Introducing polyethylene oxide into a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition enhances the battery's cycle performance, reduces its expansion rate, decreases gas generation, and contributes to improved battery safety.

[0090] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises a sodium salt, the sodium salt comprising one or more of sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium nitrate, sodium perchlorate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium trifluoroacetate, sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and selectively comprising one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.

[0091] In some embodiments, the sodium salt contains sodium chloride. In some embodiments, the sodium salt contains sodium bromide. In some embodiments, the sodium salt contains sodium hexafluorophosphate. In some embodiments, the sodium salt contains sodium tetrafluoroborate. In some embodiments, the sodium salt contains sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate. In some embodiments, the sodium salt contains sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. In some embodiments, the sodium salt contains sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. In some embodiments, the sodium salt contains sodium tetrafluoroborate and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide.

[0092] The above sodium salts enhance the safety and shock resistance of non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions, improve battery cycle performance, and reduce the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate and the electrolyte's ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance are minimized, thereby contributing to improved battery safety and a refined battery assembly process. Further improvements in battery cycle performance can be achieved by selectively controlling the sodium salt to contain one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.

[0093] In some embodiments, the organic solvent comprises one or more ether organic solvents, ester organic solvents, and sulfur-containing organic solvents, and comprises one or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and selectively comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

[0094] In some embodiments, the organic solvent includes ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. In some embodiments, the organic solvent includes diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. In some embodiments, the organic solvent includes triethylene glycol dimethyl ether. In some embodiments, the organic solvent includes tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. In some embodiments, the solvent includes ethylene carbonate. In some embodiments, the organic solvent includes ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and ethylene carbonate. In some embodiments, the organic solvent includes ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

[0095] The above-mentioned organic solvent enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, reduces the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest, and contributes to improving the battery assembly process. By selectively controlling the organic solvent to contain ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition are further enhanced, the battery's cycle performance is improved to a greater extent, the battery's gas generation rate is significantly reduced, and battery safety is enhanced.

[0096] In some embodiments, the ionic liquid comprises one or more of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, 5-azonia spiro[4,4]nonane hexafluorophosphate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and tetrabutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate, and selectively comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.

[0097] In some embodiments, the ionic liquid contains 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. In some embodiments, the ionic liquid contains 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. In some embodiments, the ionic liquid contains N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide. In some embodiments, the ionic liquid contains trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. In some embodiments, the ionic liquid contains tetrabutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate. In some embodiments, the ionic liquid contains 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and tetrabutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate. In some embodiments, the ionic liquid contains N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.

[0098] The above-mentioned ionic liquid enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, reduces the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest, and contributes to improving the battery assembly process. By controlling the ionic liquid to selectively contain one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition are further enhanced, the battery cycle performance is improved to a greater extent, the battery gas generation rate and the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest are significantly reduced, and this contributes to improving battery safety and the battery assembly process.

[0099] In some embodiments, the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylamide, and selectively comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol.

[0100] In some embodiments, the polymer contains polyethylene oxide. In some embodiments, the polymer contains polyethylene glycol. In some embodiments, the polymer contains polyvinylpyrrolidone. In some embodiments, the polymer contains polymethyl methacrylate. In some embodiments, the polymer contains polyvinylidene fluoride. In some embodiments, the polymer contains polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene oxide. In some embodiments, the polymer contains polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide.

[0101] The above polymer enhances the safety and impact resistance of non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions, reduces the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate and the electrolyte's ohmic and interfacial resistances are minimized, thereby improving battery safety and the battery assembly process. By controlling the polymer to selectively contain one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol, the battery's cycle performance is further enhanced, the battery's stacking pressure at which the electrolyte's ohmic and interfacial resistances are minimized is significantly reduced, and the battery assembly process is further improved.

[0102] In some embodiments, the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and polyurethane, and selectively comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0103] In some embodiments, the suspended particles contain fumed silica. In some embodiments, the suspended particles contain aluminum oxide. In some embodiments, the suspended particles contain sodium oxide. In some embodiments, the suspended particles contain sodium fluoride. In some embodiments, the suspended particles contain polyurethane. The suspended particles contain fumed silica and sodium oxide. The suspended particles contain fumed silica and lithium fluoride. The suspended particles contain sodium oxide and lithium fluoride. The suspended particles contain fumed silica and polyurethane.

[0104] The above-mentioned suspended particles enhance the safety and impact resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, and contribute to improving the battery assembly process by reducing the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest. By controlling the suspension particles to selectively contain one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide, the battery's cycle performance is further enhanced, the battery's gas generation rate is significantly reduced, and battery safety is improved.

[0105] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0106] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide, and the suspended particles comprises fumed silica. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, the ionic liquid comprises N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide, and the suspended particles comprises fumed silica.

[0107] The selection of the above-mentioned electrolyte salts, organic solvents, ionic liquids, polymers, and suspended particles contributes to improving the battery's cycle performance.

[0108] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0109] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the suspended particles comprises fumed silica. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the suspended particles comprises lithium oxide. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the suspended particles comprises fumed silica.

[0110] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprising the electrolyte salt, organic solvent, and suspended particles described above enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, improves the battery's cycle performance, and reduces the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate, electrolyte's ohmic resistance, and interfacial resistance are minimized, thereby contributing to improved battery safety and an improved battery assembly process.

[0111] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0112] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide, and the suspended particles comprises fumed silica. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the polymer comprises polyethylene glycol, and the suspended particles comprises lithium oxide. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol, and the suspended particles comprise sodium oxide.

[0113] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprising the electrolyte salt, organic solvent, polymer, and suspended particles described above enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, improves the battery's cycle performance, and reduces the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate and the electrolyte's ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance are minimized, thereby contributing to improved battery safety and an improved battery assembly process.

[0114] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0115] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, the ionic liquid comprises N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, and the suspended particles comprises fumed silica. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, the ionic liquid comprises N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, and the suspended particles comprises sodium oxide. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, the ionic liquid comprises N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and the suspended particles comprises lithium oxide.

[0116] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprising the electrolyte salt, ionic liquid, and suspended particles described above enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, reduces the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest, and contributes to improving the battery assembly process.

[0117] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[0118] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, the ionic liquid comprises N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide, and the suspended particles comprises fumed silica. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, the ionic liquid comprises N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol, and the suspended particles comprises lithium oxide. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, the ionic liquid comprises N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the polymer comprises polyethylene glycol, and the suspended particles comprises fumed silica and lithium oxide.

[0119] The non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprising the electrolyte salt, ionic liquid, polymer, and suspended particles described above enhances the safety and shock resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, reduces the stacking pressure of the battery when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest, and contributes to improving the battery assembly process.

[0120] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, the mass content of the electrolyte salt is 5% to 20%, the mass content of the organic solvent is 20% to 60%, the mass content of the ionic liquid is 20% to 60%, the mass content of the polymer is 0% to 40%, and the mass content of the suspended particles is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 20%.

[0121] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, the mass content of the electrolyte salt is selectively 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, or 20%, the mass content of the organic solvent is selectively 20%, 22%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 45%, 47%, 50%, 53%, 55%, 60%, 62%, or 65%, and the mass content of the ionic liquid is selectively 20%, 22%, 25%, or 3%. The mass content of polymers is selectively 0%, 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 35%, 38%, or 40%, and the mass content of suspended particles is selectively 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, or 20%.

[0122] By controlling the appropriate mass content of electrolyte salts, organic solvents, ionic liquids, polymers, and suspended particles, the safety and shock resistance of non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions are enhanced, battery cycle performance is improved, and the stacking pressure at which the battery's gas generation rate, electrolyte ohmic resistance, and interfacial resistance are minimized is reduced, thereby contributing to improved battery safety and an improved battery assembly process. Interfacial stability is reinforced while ensuring the diffusion of metal ions.

[0123] In some embodiments, the pressing strength of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is 35 kN to 200 kN.

[0124] In this specification, the pressure applied when the open-circuit voltage is zero is primarily used to characterize the pressure exerted on the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition when the battery is short-circuited, and can reflect the impact resistance of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition. This can be tested by any known method. For example, a semi-cylindrical pressing plate with a radius of 75 mm is positioned perpendicular to the direction of the battery's electrode plates, the pressing speed is set to 60 mm / min, and the changes in the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the pressure applied by the pressing plate are observed. The pressure applied by the pressing plate when the open-circuit voltage is zero is then recorded.

[0125] Non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions possess appropriate compressive strength, improve their impact resistance, and contribute to enhancing the safety and reliability of batteries.

[0126] [Positive plate] The positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, which may include at least one of a layered transition metal oxide, a polyanionic compound, and a Prussian blue compound.

[0127] The transition metal in the layered transition metal oxide may be at least one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Ti, Zn, V, Zr, and Ce. Selectively, the layered transition metal oxide may be, for example, Na x MO2, where M is one or more of Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, and Cu, 0 <x≦1である。

[0128] Polyanionic compounds include metal ions, transition metal ions, and tetrahedral (YO4) compounds. n- The compound may have an anionic unit. The metal ion is selectively one of sodium ions, lithium ions, potassium ions, and zinc ions; the transition metal is selectively at least one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Ti, Zn, V, Zr, and Ce; Y is selectively at least one of P, S, and Si; and n is (YO4) n- This represents the valence state of an atom.

[0129] The Prussian blue compound may be a compound having sodium ions, transition metal ions, and cyanide ions (CN-). The transition metal may be at least one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Ti, Zn, V, Zr, and Ce. The Prussian blue compound may be, for example, Na a Me b Me' c (CN)6, where Me and Me' are each independently at least one of Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co and Zn, 0 <a≦2、0<b<1、0<c<1である。

[0130] In some embodiments, the positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode active material, the positive electrode active material includes at least one of a layered transition metal oxide, a polyanionic compound, and a Prussian blue compound, and NaNi 1 / 3 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2, Na(Cu 1 / 9 Ni 2 / 9 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 )O2, Na 2 / 3 Ni 1 / 6 Mn 2 / 3 Cu 1 / 9 Mg 1 / 18 O2, Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7, NaFePO4, Na3V2(PO4)3, Na 1.9 It contains one or more of CoFe(CN)6, Na2NiFe(CN)6, and NaMnFe(CN)6.

[0131] All of the above positive electrode active materials can enable the battery to have excellent cycle performance and safety.

[0132] In some examples, the surface of the positive electrode active material has a coating layer, the coating layer comprising one or more of the following: carbon material, ZrO2, TiO2, polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, lanthanum oxide, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and aluminum fluoride, and the carbon material comprising one or more of amorphous carbon, graphite, and graphene.

[0133] In this specification, the term "amorphous carbon" refers to carbon materials that are very low in graphitization or crystallization and approximate an amorphous state, and which do not have any specific shape or periodic structural rules. Examples of amorphous carbon include, but are not limited to, carbon black, charcoal, or coke.

[0134] In this specification, the term "graphite" refers to a type of allotrope of carbon, including natural graphite and artificial graphite.

[0135] In this specification, the term "graphene" is defined as sp 2 This refers to a carbon material in which hybridized carbon atoms are densely deposited in a single-layer, two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure. Graphene, for example, includes, but is not limited to, single-layer graphene or multi-layer graphene.

[0136] In this specification, the term "single-layer graphene" refers to a single-layer sheet structure composed of carbon atoms densely and periodically arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb structure. As an example, the thickness of single-layer graphene is only 0.3 nm to 0.4 nm.

[0137] In this specification, the term "multilayer graphene" refers to a material manufactured by stacking 2 to 10 layers of single-layer graphene, with a total thickness of less than 100 nm.

[0138] By having a coating layer on the surface of the positive electrode active material, cycle performance is improved, the gas generation rate of the battery is significantly reduced, and this further contributes to enhancing the safety of the battery.

[0139] The positive electrode active material layer may further contain conductive agents to improve the conductivity of the positive electrode. The conductive agents are selectively one or more of Super P, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.

[0140] The positive electrode active material layer may further contain a binder to firmly bond the positive electrode active material and a selective conductive agent to the positive electrode current collector. The binder is selectively at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene alcohol (PVA), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), sodium alginate (SA), polymethacrylic acid (PMA), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).

[0141] As the positive electrode current collector, a conductive carbon sheet, metal foil, carbon-coated metal foil, porous metal plate, or composite current collector can be used. The conductive carbon material of the conductive carbon sheet is selectively one or more of Super P, carbon black, Ketjenblack, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanofibers. The metal material of the metal foil, carbon-coated metal foil, and porous metal plate is at least one independently selected from copper, aluminum, nickel, and stainless steel. The composite current collector may be a composite current collector formed by combining metal foil and a polymer-based film.

[0142] In some embodiments, a positive electrode plate can be manufactured by the following method: Components for manufacturing the positive electrode plate, such as a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidone) to form a positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry is applied to a positive electrode current collector, and after processes such as drying and cold pressing, a positive electrode plate can be obtained.

[0143] [negative electrode plate] The negative electrode plate may contain only the negative electrode current collector and not the negative electrode active material. In the negative electrode plate, a metallic phase may be pre-deposited on the negative electrode current collector.

[0144] In some embodiments, a metal foil or a composite current collector can be used as the negative electrode current collector. For example, aluminum foil or copper foil can be used as the metal foil. The composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material substrate. The composite current collector can be formed by forming a metal material (such as copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver, and silver alloys) on a polymer material substrate (for example, a substrate such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), or polyethylene (PE)).

[0145] In some embodiments, the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector and an undercoat layer provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, the undercoat layer comprising one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, silver composite carbon nanoparticles, and tin composite carbon nanoparticles.

[0146] In some embodiments, the surface density of the undercoat layer is 2 to 50 g / m². 2 That is the case.

[0147] In some embodiments, the thickness of the undercoat layer is 1 to 100 μm.

[0148] [Separator] In some embodiments, the secondary battery further includes a separator. The present application does not particularly limit the type of separator, and any known porous separator having good chemical and mechanical stability can be selected.

[0149] In some embodiments, the material of the separator can be selected from at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, aramid fibers, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, and natural fibers. The separator may be a single-layer film or a multilayer composite film, and is not particularly limited. If the separator is a multilayer composite film, the materials of each layer may be the same or different, and are not particularly limited.

[0150] In some embodiments, the positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, and separator can be manufactured as an electrode assembly by a winding process or a lamination process.

[0151] In some embodiments, the secondary battery may include an outer casing. This casing can be used to package the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.

[0152] In some embodiments, the casing of the secondary battery may be a rigid case, such as a hard plastic case, an aluminum case, or a steel case. The casing of the secondary battery may also be a soft pack, such as a bag-type soft pack. The material of the soft pack may be plastic, and examples of plastics include polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, and polybutylene succinate.

[0153] [Secondary battery] The secondary battery comprises a positive electrode plate and, in some embodiments, a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition.

[0154] In this application, the shape of the secondary battery is not particularly limited and may be cylindrical, rectangular, or any other shape. For example, Figure 2 shows a secondary battery 5 having a rectangular structure as an example.

[0155] In some embodiments, the secondary battery further includes a negative electrode plate and a separator.

[0156] In some embodiments, the secondary battery includes at least one of a lithium battery and a sodium battery.

[0157] In some embodiments, the secondary battery includes at least one of a potassium battery, a magnesium battery, and a zinc battery.

[0158] In some embodiments, the secondary battery is a negative electrode-free sodium battery.

[0159] In a negative electrode-free sodium battery, the negative electrode active material is not pre-deposited, and only the negative electrode current collector is present. During the initial charge, sodium ions gain electrons on the cathode side and deposit as metallic sodium on the surface of the current collector, forming a sodium metallic phase. During discharge, the metallic sodium can be converted back into sodium ions and return to the positive electrode, enabling a charge-discharge cycle. Compared to sodium-ion secondary batteries and sodium metal batteries, negative electrode-free sodium batteries can achieve a higher energy density because they are not limited by the negative electrode material. In negative electrode-free sodium batteries, there is insufficient sodium metal as a negative electrode material to provide enough sodium elements to the battery. Therefore, by applying a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition to a negative electrode-free sodium battery, the cycle performance and safety performance of the secondary battery at room temperature / high temperature can be more effectively improved.

[0160] In some embodiments, the CB value of the negative electrode free sodium battery is 0.1 or less.

[0161] The CB value in a secondary battery is calculated by dividing the capacity per unit area of ​​the negative electrode plate by the capacity per unit area of ​​the positive electrode plate. Since a negative electrode-free battery does not contain negative electrode active material, the capacity per unit area of ​​the negative electrode plate is small, and the CB value of the secondary battery is 0.1 or less.

[0162] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3, the casing may include a case 51 and a cover plate 53. The case 51 may include a bottom plate and side plates connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and side plates are enclosed to form a housing chamber. The case 51 has an opening that communicates with the housing chamber, and the cover plate 53 may cover the opening to seal the housing chamber. The positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate and separator can be formed into an electrode assembly 52 by a winding process or a lamination process. The electrode assembly 52 is packaged in the housing chamber. A non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is impregnated into the electrode assembly 52. ​​The number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the lithium-ion battery 5 may be one or more, and a person skilled in the art can select according to specific practical requirements.

[0163] [Battery Module] In some embodiments, the secondary batteries can be assembled into a battery module, and the number of secondary batteries included in the battery module may be one or more, and the specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art depending on the application and capacity of the battery module.

[0164] Figure 4 shows an example of a battery module 4. Referring to Figure 4, in the battery module 4, the multiple secondary batteries 5 may be arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction of the battery module 4. Of course, they may be arranged in any other arbitrary configuration. Furthermore, the multiple secondary batteries 5 may be fixed by fastening members.

[0165] Selectively, the battery module 4 may further include a housing having a housing space, and a plurality of secondary batteries 5 are housed in said housing space.

[0166] [Battery pack] In some embodiments, the battery modules can be further assembled into a battery pack, the number of battery modules included in the battery pack may be one or more, and the specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art depending on the application and capacity of the battery pack.

[0167] Figures 5 and 6 show an example of a battery pack 1. Referring to Figures 5 and 6, the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and a plurality of battery modules 4 provided in the battery box. The battery box includes an upper box 2 and a lower box 3, the upper box 2 covering the lower box 3 and forming a sealed space for housing the battery modules 4. The plurality of battery modules 4 can be arranged in the battery box in any configuration.

[0168] [Power consumption equipment] In one embodiment of the present invention, a power consumption device is provided that includes at least one of a secondary battery of any embodiment, a battery module of any embodiment, or a battery pack of any embodiment.

[0169] The power consumption device includes at least one of the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack provided in this application. The secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack may be used as a power source for the power consumption device or as an energy storage unit for the power consumption device. The power consumption device may include, but is not limited to, mobile devices (e.g., mobile phones, notebook computers, etc.), electric vehicles (e.g., battery-powered electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric vehicles, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc.

[0170] As a power consumption device, a secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack can be selected according to the user's needs.

[0171] Figure 7 shows an example of a power consumption device. This power consumption device is a secondary battery electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. To meet the high power output and high energy density requirements for the secondary battery of this power consumption device, a battery pack or battery module can be used.

[0172] Other examples of devices may include mobile phones, tablets, and laptop computers. These devices typically require lightweight and thin designs, and can utilize rechargeable batteries as their power source.

[0173] Examples Examples of the present application are described below. The examples described below are illustrative and are for interpretation purposes only, and should not be understood as limiting the present application. Unless otherwise specified in the examples, specific techniques or conditions are described in the art literature or in accordance with product specifications. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents or equipment used are commercially available conventional products.

[0174] 1. Manufacturing method Example 1 1) Preparation of non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions In a dry argon atmosphere, polyethylene oxide (PEO, with a weight-average molecular weight of 600,000), fumed silica, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI), and N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide ionic liquids were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:3:10, and the mixture was uniformly stirred until the NaFSI was completely dissolved to obtain a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition.

[0175] 2) Manufacturing of positive electrode plates Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7(NFPP) material, conductive carbon black, and binder polyvinylidene fluoride were uniformly stirred and mixed with N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) in a weight ratio of 8:1:1 to obtain a positive electrode slurry. Subsequently, the positive electrode slurry was uniformly applied to the surface of the aluminum foil of the positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode plate was obtained by baking, cold pressing, and cutting.

[0176] 3) Manufacturing of the negative electrode plate Carbon nanotubes and hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC) are added to deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:0.4 and mixed, then stirred to form a homogeneous slurry. The slurry is then applied to the copper foil of the negative electrode current collector, baked, and cut to obtain a negative electrode plate with a negative electrode-free structure. The surface density of the undercoat layer is 10 g / m². 2 The thickness of the undercoat layer is 5 μm.

[0177] 4) Separator A polypropylene film was used as the separator.

[0178] 5) Battery manufacturing A non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition was cast on both sides of a separator, followed by the stacking of a positive electrode plate, a separator coated with the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, and a negative electrode plate in sequence. The separator was positioned between the positive and negative electrode plates to act as an isolation agent, and then the stack was wound up to obtain a bare cell. Tabs were welded to the bare cell, and the bare cell was packed into an aluminum case. The cell was baked at 80°C to remove moisture and obtain a non-charged battery. The non-charged battery then underwent further processes such as standing, hot pressing and cold pressing, chemical conversion, shaping, and capacity testing to obtain the negative electrode-free sodium battery product of Example 1.

[0179] Examples 2-4 The batteries of Examples 2 to 4 are similar to those manufactured using the battery manufacturing method of Example 1, but the type of sodium salt is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0180] Examples 5-6 The batteries of Examples 5 and 6 are similar to those manufactured using the battery manufacturing method of Example 1, but the type of ionic liquid is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0181] Examples 7-8 The batteries of Examples 7 and 8 are similar to those manufactured using the battery manufacturing method of Example 1, but the type of polymer is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0182] Example 9 The battery of Example 9 is similar to the battery manufacturing method of Example 1, but the manufacturing method for the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is modified, and the specific manufacturing method is as follows.

[0183] In a dry argon atmosphere, polyethylene oxide (PEO, weight-average molecular weight 600,000), polyethylene glycol (PEG, weight-average molecular weight 10,000), sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI), and N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide ionic liquids were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:3:10, and the mixture was uniformly stirred until the NaFSI was completely dissolved to obtain a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition.

[0184] Examples 10-13 The batteries in Examples 10-13 are similar to those manufactured in Example 1, but the type of suspended particles is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0185] Example 14 The battery of Example 14 is similar to the battery manufacturing method of Example 1, but the mass content of sodium salt, ionic liquid, polymer, and suspended particles is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0186] Example 15 The battery of Example 15 is similar to the battery manufacturing method of Example 1, but the manufacturing method for the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is modified, and the specific manufacturing method is as follows.

[0187] In a dry argon atmosphere, fumed silica, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI), and N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide ionic liquids were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:3, and the mixture was uniformly stirred until the NaFSI was completely dissolved. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition.

[0188] Examples 16-17 The batteries of Examples 16 and 17 are similar to those of Example 15 in terms of the manufacturing method, but the types of ionic liquid and suspended particles are adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0189] Example 18 The battery of Example 18 is similar to the battery manufacturing method of Example 1, but the manufacturing method for the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is modified, and the specific manufacturing method is as follows.

[0190] Under a dry argon atmosphere, polyethylene oxide (PEO, with a weight-average molecular weight of 600,000), fumed silica, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI), and the organic solvent ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2:3:10, and the mixture was uniformly stirred until the NaFSI was completely dissolved to obtain a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition.

[0191] Examples 19-20 The batteries of Examples 19-20 are similar to those manufactured using the battery manufacturing method of Example 18, but the type of organic solvent is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0192] Example 21 The battery of Example 21 is similar to the battery manufacturing method of Example 18, but the mass content of sodium salt, organic solvent, polymer, and suspended particles is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0193] Example 22 The battery of Example 22 is similar to the battery manufacturing method of Example 18, but the manufacturing method of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is modified, and the specific manufacturing method is as follows.

[0194] In a dry argon atmosphere, fumed silica, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI), and the organic solvent ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:3, and the mixture was uniformly stirred until the NaFSI was completely dissolved. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition.

[0195] Examples 23-24 The batteries of Examples 23-24 are similar to those manufactured in Example 22, but the type of organic solvent and suspended particles are adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0196] Examples 25-26 The batteries of Examples 25 and 26 are similar to those manufactured in Example 1, but the type of positive electrode active material is adjusted. The specific parameters are as shown in Table 1, and the thickness of the ZrO2 coating layer in Example 26 was 30 nm.

[0197] Examples 27-33 The batteries of Examples 27 to 33 are similar to those manufactured in Example 1, but the mass content of sodium salt, ionic liquid, polymer, and suspended particles is adjusted, and the specific parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0198] Comparative Example 1 The battery of Comparative Example 1 is similar to the battery manufacturing method of Example 1, but the electrolyte manufacturing method is modified, and the specific manufacturing method is as follows.

[0199] Under a dry argon atmosphere, polyethylene oxide (PEO, with a weight-average molecular weight of 600,000), sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI), and the organic solvent ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) were mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3:10. The mixture was then uniformly stirred until the NaFSI was completely dissolved, and subsequently cooled to room temperature to obtain a pseudo-solid electrolyte.

[0200] Comparative Example 2 The battery of Comparative Example 2 is similar to the battery manufacturing method of Comparative Example 1, but the mass content of sodium salt, organic solvent, and polymer is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0201] Comparative Examples 3-5 The batteries of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 are similar to those of Comparative Example 1 in terms of manufacturing method, but the type of sodium salt is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0202] Comparative Example 6 The battery of Example 6 is similar to the battery manufacturing method of Comparative Example 1, but the type of solvent is adjusted, and the specific parameters are as shown in Table 1.

[0203] Comparative Examples 7-9 The batteries of Examples 7 to 9 are similar to those of Comparative Example 1 in terms of the manufacturing method, but they use a liquid electrolyte and the type of positive electrode material is adjusted, as shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example 9, the thickness of the ZrO2 coating layer was 30 nm.

[0204] 2. Performance Test 1. Performance testing of non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions 1) Viscosity test A Dveslvtjo rotational viscosity tester (BROOKFIELD) was used to test non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions while rotating for 10 seconds and 10 minutes. The viscosity values ​​were recorded for each test. The test conditions were 25°C and a rotation speed of 12 revolutions / minute. A 64# rotor was used for measuring viscosities above 2000 mPa·s, and a 62# rotor was used for measuring viscosities below 2000 mPa·s. Three measurements were performed in parallel, and the average value was taken.

[0205] 2) Loss factor test The test instrument was a Haake rheometer. A non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition sample was cut into a disc shape with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. The test temperature was 25°C, the strain sweep range was 0.1% to 1000%, and the fixed frequency was 1 Hz. The storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') were obtained, respectively, and the loss coefficient was determined. The formula for TIFF0007911162000003.tif6170 is The filename is TIFF0007911162000004.tif6150.

[0206] 3) Nail penetration strength test Single-layer thin sheets or pouch batteries based on a combination of non-Newtonian fluid electrolytes were manufactured and assembled, fixed in a test fixture, and a tensile machine and nail-piercing fixture manufactured by Gaotie Co. were used. A 1 mm diameter nail was used in the nail-piercing test machine and the nail was driven in at a speed of 6 mm / min. When the depth reached 2 mm, the test was stopped and the battery was allowed to stand, and the change in open-circuit voltage was observed. The time required for the open-circuit voltage to drop to 2 mV was recorded.

[0207] 4) Pressure strength test A semi-cylindrical pressing plate with a radius of 75 mm was positioned perpendicular to the direction of the battery's electrode plates, and the pressing speed was set to 60 mm / min. Changes in the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the pressure applied by the pressing plate were observed, and the pressure applied by the pressing plate when the open-circuit voltage was zero was recorded.

[0208] 2. Battery performance test 1) Coulomb efficiency test The Coulomb test procedure is as follows: At 25°C, the manufactured battery is charged with a constant current of 0.1C to 3.7V (sodium iron pyrophosphate positive electrode) or 4.0V (layered oxide positive electrode), then charged with a constant voltage of 3.7V until the current drops to 0.01C to obtain the initial charge capacity (Cc1), then discharged with a constant current of 0.1C to 2.5V to obtain the initial discharge capacity (Cd1), and this process is repeated n times. The number of cycles n when the capacity has decreased to 80% is recorded, and the average Coulomb efficiency of the battery is calculated according to the following formula. Coulomb efficiency for each cycle = Discharge capacity of this cycle (Cd1) / Charge capacity of this cycle (Cc1) × 100% The average Coulomb efficiency from the 2nd cycle to the nth cycle was defined as the average Coulomb efficiency of the battery.

[0209] The test procedures for the comparative examples and other embodiments are as described above.

[0210] 2) Test of the number of cycles until the capacity retention rate reaches 80% The cycle count test until the capacity retention rate reaches 80% is as follows: At 25°C, the manufactured battery was charged with a constant current of 1C to 3.7V (sodium iron pyrophosphate cathode) or 4.0V (layered oxide cathode), then charged with a constant voltage of 3.7V until the current dropped to 0.1C, and then discharged at 1C to 2.5V. The resulting capacity was recorded as the initial capacity (C0). The above steps were repeated for the same battery, and the discharge capacity (Cn) of the battery after n cycles was simultaneously recorded. The battery capacity retention rate after each cycle is Pn = Cn / C0 × 100%, and the number of cycles of the battery was recorded when Pn dropped to 80%. The test process for the comparative example and other examples is as described above.

[0211] 3) Cycle gas generation performance test The cycle gas generation performance test procedure is as follows: At 25°C, the first charge and discharge is performed, and constant current and constant voltage charging is performed with a charging current of 1C until the upper limit voltage is approximately 3.7V (sodium iron pyrophosphate positive electrode) or 4.0V (layered oxide positive electrode). Subsequently, constant current discharge is performed with a discharge current of 1C until the final voltage is approximately 2.5V, and the thickness of the battery at this time D1 is recorded. After that, the charge and discharge cycle is repeated n times, and the number of cycles n and the thickness Dn after n cycles when the capacity has decreased to 80% are recorded. Gas generation performance: Expansion rate when the capacity retention rate is 80% = (Dn-D1) / D1 × 100%. The test procedures for the comparative example and other examples are as described above.

[0212] 4) Stack pressure test The stacking pressure test procedure was as follows: A constant pressure F was applied to the surface of the battery using a battery jig. This pressure was controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the pressure applied to the battery jig using a punching machine and by adjusting the screws on the battery jig. A pressure sensor built into the battery output a specific value. An AC impedance test on an electrochemical workstation allowed us to obtain the impedance R, which represents the sum of the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte. Using pressure as the horizontal coordinate and impedance as the vertical coordinate, we obtained an impedance-pressure curve and recorded the F value at which the impedance R value was smallest.

[0213] III. Analysis of the test results of each example and comparative example. Batteries for each example and comparative example were manufactured using the method described above, and each performance parameter was measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.

[0214] [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2] [Table 1-3] Table 1-4 Table 1-5 Table 1-6 Table 1-7 Table 1-8 Table 1-9 Table 1-10 Table 1-11

[0215] Table 2-1 Table 2-2

[0216] [Table 3-1] [Table 3-2]

[0217] As can be seen from the above results, for the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte compositions of Examples 1 to 33, the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition changes with the change in shear time due to the action of shear force. The sodium salt in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is selected from sodium chloride, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, or sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The ionic liquid in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trif The organic solvent in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is selected from ruoromethylsulfonyl)imide or 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, the polymer in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is selected from one or two of polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the suspended particles in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition are selected from fumed silica, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, polyurethane, or sodium fluoride.

[0218] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1-33 and Comparative Examples 1-6, compared to conventional electrolytes, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition does not satisfy Newton's law of viscosity. After mechanical thixotropy, the rate of decrease in the loss coefficient of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte combination is more than 10% (rate of decrease in loss coefficient = (loss coefficient before mechanical thixotropy - loss coefficient after mechanical thixotropy) / loss coefficient before mechanical thixotropy × 100%). This contributes to increasing the pressing strength when the open-circuit voltage becomes zero and reducing the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest, significantly improving the shock resistance of the battery and improving the battery assembly process.

[0219] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 14 and 15, and Examples 21 and 22, introducing polyethylene oxide into a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition increases the number of cycles required to achieve an 80% capacity retention rate of the battery and reduces the expansion rate when the capacity retention rate reaches 80%.

[0220] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1, 18 and Comparative Example 1, Examples 14 to 15, 21 to 22 and Comparative Example 2, Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, Example 4 and Comparative Example 5, Example 19 and Comparative Example 6, when the sodium salt in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is selected from sodium chloride, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate or sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, it contributes to increasing the time until the open circuit voltage drops to 2 mV after nail penetration of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition and the pressing strength when the open circuit voltage becomes zero, increasing the number of cycles until the capacity retention rate of the battery reaches 80%, and decreasing the expansion rate when the capacity retention rate of the battery reaches 80% and the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are minimized. As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1, 3 and Examples 2, 4, by controlling the sodium salt to be selected from sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate or sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, it contributes to increasing the rate of decrease of the loss coefficient after mechanical thixotropy of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, further increasing the average Coulomb efficiency of the battery, and significantly increasing the number of cycles until the capacity retention rate reaches 80%.

[0221] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1, 5-6 and Comparative Example 1, and between Examples 14-16 and Comparative Example 2, selecting the ionic liquid in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition from N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, or 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate increases the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage to drop to 2mV after nailing the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition and the pressure strength at which the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, reduces the stacking pressure at which the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are smallest, and contributes to improving the battery assembly process. As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1 and 5 and Example 6, and between Examples 15 and 16, controlling the selection of the ionic liquid from N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide or trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide further increases the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition to drop to 2mV after nailing and the pressure at which the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, thereby increasing to a greater extent the number of cycles required for the average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of the battery to reach 80%, and contributing to a significant reduction in the expansion rate when the battery capacity retention rate reaches 80%, and the stacking pressure at which the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest.

[0222] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1, 7 to 9 and Comparative Example 1, when the polymer in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is selected from one or two of polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, it contributes to increasing the time until the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition drops to 2 mV after nail penetration and the pressing strength when the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, and reducing the swelling rate when the capacity retention rate of the battery reaches 80% and the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are minimized. As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1, 7, 9 and Example 8, by controlling the polymer to be selected from one or two of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol, it further increases the number of cycles until the average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of the battery reach 80%, and contributes to significantly reducing the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are minimized.

[0223] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1, 10 to 13 and Comparative Example 1, Examples 14 to 15, 17, 21 to 22, 24 and Comparative Example 2, when the suspended particles in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition are selected from fumed silica, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, polyurethane or sodium fluoride, it contributes to increasing the time until the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition drops to 2 mV after nail penetration and the pressing strength when the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, and reducing the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are minimized. As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1, 10 to 11 and Examples 12 to 13, by controlling the suspended particles to be selected from fumed silica, sodium oxide or lithium oxide, it further increases the number of cycles until the average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of the battery reach 80%, and contributes to significantly reducing the swelling rate when the capacity retention rate of the battery reaches 80%.

[0224] As can be seen from the comparison of Examples 18 and 20 with Comparative Example 1, Examples 21-22 with Comparative Example 2, and Examples 19 and 23 with Comparative Example 6, selecting the organic solvent in the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, or dimethyl sulfoxide increases the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition to drop to 2mV after nailing, and the pressing strength when the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, and also contributes to reducing the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest. As can be seen from the comparison of Examples 18 with Examples 19-20, and Examples 22 with Example 23, controlling the selection of the organic solvent to be ethylene glycol dimethyl ether further increases the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition to drop to 2mV after nailing, and the pressing strength when the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, contributing to increasing the number of cycles until the average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of the battery reach 80% to a greater extent, and significantly reducing the expansion rate when the battery's capacity retention rate reaches 80%.

[0225] As can be seen from the comparison of Examples 1, 3 and Examples 2, 4, Examples 1, 5 and 6, Examples 15 and 16, Examples 1, 8-9 and 7, Examples 1, 10-11 and 12-13, Examples 18 and 19-20, and Examples 22 and 23, controlling the selection of the sodium salt from sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate or sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, the ionic liquid from N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide or trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the polymer from one or two of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol, the suspended particles from fumed silica, sodium oxide, or lithium oxide, and the organic solvent from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether further increases the average Coulomb efficiency and contributes to a significant increase in the number of cycles until the capacity retention rate reaches 80%.

[0226] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1, 3, 5, 7, 8-11 and Comparative Example 1, and Example 14 and Comparative Example 2, controlling the selection of the sodium salt from sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate or sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, the ionic liquid from N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide or trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the polymer from one or two of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol, and the suspended particles from fumed silica, sodium oxide, or lithium oxide contributes to increasing the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition to drop to 2mV after nailing and the pressing strength when the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, and also contributes to reducing the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest.

[0227] As can be seen from the comparison of Examples 1 and 3 with Examples 2 and 4, Examples 1 and 5 with Example 6, Examples 1, 8-9 with Example 7, Examples 1, 10-11 with Examples 12-13, controlling the selection of the sodium salt from sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate or sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, the ionic liquid from N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide or trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the polymer from one or two of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol, and the suspension particles from fumed silica, sodium oxide, or lithium oxide contributes to further increasing the number of cycles until the average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate reach 80%.

[0228] As can be seen from the comparison of Examples 15-17 and Comparative Example 1, by controlling the selection of the sodium salt from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide sodium, the ionic liquid from N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide or trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and the suspension particles from fumed silica or sodium oxide, it is possible to increase the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition to drop to 2mV after nailing, the pressing strength when the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, and the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest.

[0229] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 18 and Comparative Example 1, and between Example 21 and Comparative Example 2, by controlling the selection of the sodium salt from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide sodium, the organic solvent from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the polymer from polyethylene oxide, and the suspended particles from fumed silica, it is possible to increase the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition to drop to 2mV after nailing and the pressure at which the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, as well as increase the number of cycles until the average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of the battery reach 80%, and reduce the expansion rate when the battery's capacity retention rate reaches 80%, and the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest.

[0230] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 18 and Examples 19-20, by controlling the selection of the sodium salt from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide sodium, the organic solvent from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the polymer from polyethylene oxide, and the suspended particles from fumed silica, the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition to drop to 2mV after nailing and the pressure strength at which the open-circuit voltage becomes zero are increased, thereby contributing to a greater extent to an increase in the number of cycles until the average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of the battery reach 80%, and a significant reduction in the expansion rate when the battery's capacity retention rate reaches 80%.

[0231] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 22 and 24 and Comparative Example 2, by controlling the selection of the sodium salt from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide sodium, the organic solvent from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the suspended particles from fumed silica or sodium oxide, it is possible to increase the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition to drop to 2mV after nailing and the pressure at which the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, thereby increasing the number of cycles until the battery capacity retention rate reaches 80%, and reducing the expansion rate when the battery capacity retention rate reaches 80%, as well as the stacking pressure at which the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are smallest.

[0232] As can be seen from a comparison of Examples 22, 24 and Example 23, by controlling the selection of the sodium salt from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide sodium, the organic solvent from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the suspended particles from fumed silica or sodium oxide, the pressing strength when the open-circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition becomes zero is further increased, thereby increasing to a greater extent the number of cycles required for the average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of the battery to reach 80%, and significantly reducing the expansion rate when the battery capacity retention rate reaches 80%, as well as the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest.

[0233] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Examples 25-26, Na(Cu 1 / 9 Ni 2 / 9 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 Na coated with O2 or ZrO2 or TiO2 2 / 3 Ni 1 / 6 Mn 2 / 3 Cu 1 / 9 Mg 1 / 18Compared to using O2 as the positive electrode active material, using Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 as the positive electrode active material increases the number of cycles required for the battery's average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate to reach 80%, and further contributes to significantly reducing the expansion rate when the battery's capacity retention rate reaches 80%, as well as the stacking pressure when the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest.

[0234] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 25 and Example 26, Na(Cu 1 / 9 Ni 2 / 9 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 Compared to the case where O2 is used as the positive electrode active material, Na coated with ZrO2 and TiO2 2 / 3 Ni 1 / 6 Mn 2 / 3 Cu 1 / 9 Mg 1 / 18 By using O2 as the positive electrode active material, the number of cycles required for the battery to reach an average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of 80% is increased, and the expansion rate at which the battery reaches an 80% capacity retention rate is further reduced.

[0235] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 14 and 21, and between Examples 15 and 22, non-Newtonian fluid electrolytes containing the ionic liquid N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide exhibit superior performance compared to non-Newtonian fluid electrolytes containing ethylene glycol dimethyl ether organic solvent. This contributes to increasing the time it takes for the open-circuit voltage to drop to 2mV after nailing the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition and the pressure required when the open-circuit voltage becomes zero, as well as increasing the number of cycles required to reach an 80% capacity retention rate of the battery and reducing the stacking pressure at which the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are at their lowest.

[0236] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1, 27 to 34 and Comparative Example 1, based on the total mass of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, the mass content of the electrolyte salt is 5% to 20%, the mass content of the ionic liquid is 20% to 60%, the mass content of the polymer is 0% to 40%, and the mass content of the suspended particles is greater than 0 and 20% or less, which contributes to increasing the time until the open circuit voltage of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition drops to 2 mV after nail penetration and the pressing strength when the open circuit voltage becomes zero, increasing the number of cycles until the average Coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of the battery reach 80%, and reducing the stacking pressure when the expansion rate when the capacity retention rate of the battery reaches 80% and the ohmic resistance and interfacial resistance of the electrolyte are minimized.

[0237] As can be seen from the comparison between Examples 18, 25 to 26 and Comparative Examples 7 to 9, the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is applied to various different cathode materials, and compared with a battery with a liquid electrolyte having a similar composition, the high viscosity can effectively suppress the gas generation of the battery, and the cycle performance of the battery can be further improved, especially the cycle performance at a high voltage of the cathode layered oxide can be effectively improved.

[0238] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and embodiments that have substantially the same configuration as the technical idea within the scope of the technical solution of this application and exhibit the same functions and effects are all included within the technical scope of this application. In addition, within the scope not departing from the gist of this application, various modifications that those skilled in the art can conceive can be added to the embodiments, and other forms constituted by combining some components in the embodiments are also included within the scope of this application. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are as follows: [1] An electrolyte composition characterized by being a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition. [2] The electrolyte composition according to [1], characterized in that after stirring the electrolyte composition for 10 seconds while rotating it at a speed of 12 revolutions / minute using a 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotary viscosity tester at 25℃, the viscosity of the electrolyte composition becomes 1000 mPa·s to 50000 mPa·s. [3] The electrolyte composition according to [1], characterized in that, after stirring the electrolyte composition for 10 minutes at a speed of 12 revolutions / minute using a 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotational viscosity tester at 25°C, the viscosity of the electrolyte composition increases by more than 100 mPa·s compared to the viscosity after testing for 10 seconds under the same conditions. [4] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [1] to [3] above, characterized in that the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition has a rate of decrease of the loss coefficient after mechanical thixotropy relative to the loss coefficient before mechanical thixotropy of more than 10%. [5] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [1] to [3] above, characterized in that the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprises one of an organic solvent and an ionic liquid, an electrolyte salt and suspended particles. [6] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [1] to [5], characterized in that the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition further comprises a polymer. [7] The electrolyte composition according to [5] or [6], wherein the electrolyte salt comprises a sodium salt, and the sodium salt comprises one or more of sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium nitrate, sodium perchlorate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium trifluoroacetate, sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and selectively comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. [8] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [5] to [7] above, wherein the organic solvent comprises one or more ether organic solvents, ester organic solvents, and sulfur-containing organic solvents, and comprises one or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and selectively comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. [9] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [5] to [8] above, wherein the ionic liquid comprises one or more of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, 5-azonia spiro[4,4]nonane hexafluorophosphate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and tetrabutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate, and selectively comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.

[10] The electrolyte composition according to any one of the above [6] to [9], wherein the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylamide, and is characterized in that it selectively comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol.

[11] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [5] to

[10] above, wherein the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and polyurethane, and selectively comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[12] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [5] to

[11] , characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[13] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [5] to

[12] , characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the suspended particles comprises one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[14] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [6] to

[12] , characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[15] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [5] to

[12] , characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[16] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [6] to

[12] , characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

[17] The electrolyte composition according to any one of the above [6] to

[16] , characterized in that, based on the total mass of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, the mass content of the electrolyte salt is 5% to 20%, the mass content of the organic solvent is 20% to 60%, the mass content of the ionic liquid is 20% to 60%, the mass content of the polymer is 0% to 40%, and the mass content of the suspended particles is greater than 0 and 20% or less.

[18] The electrolyte composition according to any one of [1] to

[17] , characterized in that the pressing strength of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is 35 kN to 200 kN.

[19] A secondary battery characterized by comprising a positive electrode plate and an electrolyte composition according to any one of the above items [1] to

[18] .

[20] The secondary battery according to

[19] , characterized in that the secondary battery is a sodium metal battery.

[21] The secondary battery according to

[19] or

[20] , characterized in that the secondary battery is a negative electrode free sodium battery.

[22] The positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode active material, the positive electrode active material includes at least one of a transition metal layered oxide, a polyanionic compound, and a Prussian blue compound, and NaNi 1 / 3 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O 2 Na(Cu 1 / 9 Ni 2 / 9 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 )O 2 na 2 / 3 Ni 1 / 6 Mn 2 / 3 Cu 1 / 9 Mg 1 / 18 O 2 na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 , NaFePO 4 na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 na 1.9 CoFe(CN) 6 na 2 NiFe(CN) 6 NaMnFe(CN) 6 A secondary battery according to any one of the above items

[19] to

[21] , characterized by including one or more of the above.

[23] The positive electrode active material has a coating layer on its surface, the coating layer being made of a carbon material, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 The secondary battery according to

[22] above, comprising one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, lanthanum oxide, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and aluminum fluoride, wherein the carbon material comprises one or more of amorphous carbon, graphite, and graphene.

[24] A battery module characterized by including a secondary battery as described in any one of the above items

[19] to

[23] .

[25] A battery pack characterized by including a secondary battery as described in any one of the above items

[19] to

[23] or a battery module as described in

[24] .

[26] A power consumption device characterized by comprising at least one of the secondary battery described in any one of

[19] to

[23] above, the battery module described in

[24] above, and the battery pack described in

[25] above. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0239] 1 Battery pack 2. Top box 3. Lower box 4 Battery Modules 5 Secondary battery 51 cases 52 Electrode assembly 53 Cover Plate

Claims

1. A secondary battery, wherein the secondary battery is a sodium metal battery, and the secondary battery comprises a positive electrode plate and an electrolyte composition, wherein the electrolyte composition is a non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition.

2. The secondary battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, after stirring the electrolyte composition for 10 seconds while rotating it at a speed of 12 revolutions / minute using a 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotary viscosity tester at 25°C, the viscosity of the electrolyte composition becomes 1,000 mPa·s to 50,000 mPa·s.

3. The secondary battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, after stirring the electrolyte composition for 10 minutes at a speed of 12 revolutions / minute using a 62# or 64# rotor of a Dveslvtjo rotational viscosity tester at 25°C, the viscosity of the electrolyte composition increases by more than 100 mPa·s compared to the viscosity after testing for 10 seconds under the same conditions.

4. The secondary battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition has a rate of decrease of the loss coefficient after mechanical thixotropy relative to the loss coefficient before mechanical thixotropy of more than 10%.

5. The secondary battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition comprises one of an organic solvent and an ionic liquid, an electrolyte salt and suspended particles.

6. The secondary battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition further comprises a polymer.

7. The secondary battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises a sodium salt, and the sodium salt comprises one or more of the following: sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium nitrate, sodium perchlorate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium trifluoroacetate, sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.

8. The secondary battery according to claim 7, characterized in that the sodium salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.

9. The secondary battery according to claim 5, wherein the organic solvent comprises one or more ether organic solvents, ester organic solvents, and sulfur-containing organic solvents, and further comprises one or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

10. The secondary battery according to claim 9, characterized in that the organic solvent contains ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

11. The secondary battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the ionic liquid contains one or more of the following: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, 5-azonia spiro[4,4]nonane hexafluorophosphate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and tetrabutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate.

12. The secondary battery according to claim 11, characterized in that the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.

13. The secondary battery according to claim 6, characterized in that the polymer comprises polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylamide.

14. The secondary battery according to claim 13, characterized in that the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol.

15. The secondary battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the suspended particles include one or more of fumed silica, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and polyurethane.

16. The secondary battery according to claim 15, characterized in that the suspended particles include one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

17. The secondary battery according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

18. The secondary battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the suspended particles comprises one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

19. The secondary battery according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

20. The secondary battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

21. The secondary battery according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrolyte salt comprises one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; the ionic liquid comprises one or more of N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidine bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; the polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol; and the suspended particles comprise one or more of fumed silica, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.

22. The secondary battery according to claim 6, characterized in that, based on the total mass of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition, the mass content of the electrolyte salt is 5% to 20%, the mass content of the organic solvent is 20% to 60%, the mass content of the ionic liquid is 20% to 60%, the mass content of the polymer is 0% to 40%, and the mass content of the suspended particles is greater than 0 and 20% or less.

23. The secondary battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressing strength of the non-Newtonian fluid electrolyte composition is 35 kN to 200 kN.

24. The secondary battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary battery is a negative electrode free sodium battery.

25. The positive electrode plate contains a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material contains at least one of a transition metal layered oxide, a polyanion compound, and a Prussian blue compound, and NaNi 1 / 3 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O 2 , Na(Cu 1 / 9 Ni 2 / 9 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 )O 2 , Na 2 / 3 Ni[[ID=二十一]] 1 / 6 [[ID=二十二]]Mn[[ID=二十三]] 2 / 3 [[ID=二十四]]Cu[[ID=二十五]] 1 / 9 [[ID=二十六]]Mg[[ID=二十七]] 1 / 18 [[ID=二十八]]O[[ID=二十九]] 2 [[ID=三十]]、Na[[ID=三十一]] 4 [[ID=三十二]]Fe[[ID=三十三]] 3 [[ID=三十四]](PO[[ID=三十五]] 4 [[ID=三十六]])[[ID=三十七]] 2 [[ID=三十八]]P[[ID=三十九]] 2 [[ID=四十]]O[[ID=四十一]] 7 [[ID=四十二]], NaFePO[[ID=四十三]] 4 [[ID=四十四]], Na[[ID=四十五]] 3 [[ID=四十六]]V[[ID=四十七]] 2 [[ID=四十八]](PO[[ID=四十九]] 4 [[ID=五十]]) [[ID=五十一]] 3 [[ID=五十二]], Na[[ID=五十三]] 1.9 [[ID=五十四]]CoFe(CN)[[ID=五十五]] 6 [[ID=五十六]], Na[[ID=五十七]] 2 [[ID=五十八]]NiFe(CN)[[ID=五十九]] 6 [[ID=六十]], NaMnFe(CN)[[ID=六十一]] 6 [[ID=六十二]]The secondary battery according to claim 1, characterized by containing one or more of them.

26. The positive electrode active material has a coating layer on its surface, and the coating layer is made of a carbon material, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 The secondary battery according to claim 25, comprising one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, lanthanum oxide, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and aluminum fluoride, wherein the carbon material comprises one or more of amorphous carbon, graphite, and graphene.

27. A battery module characterized by including the secondary battery described in claim 1.

28. A battery pack characterized by including the secondary battery described in claim 1.

29. A power consumption device characterized by including the secondary battery described in claim 1.

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