Network node and communication method

Abstract

This network node comprises: a reception unit that receives, from a terminal, a registration request that includes a network time synchronization support indication, and receives, from another network node, a subscription request for an event disclosure relating to whether a terminal is present in a region of interest, the subscription request including a RAN time synchronization state change event; a control unit that, on the basis of a base station through which the registration request has been relayed, determines a terminal presence state indicating whether the terminal is present in the region of interest, has entered the region of interest, or has exited the region of interest; and a transmission unit that reports the result of determining the terminal presence state of the terminal to the other network node.

Description

Network node and communication method

[0001] The present invention relates to a network node and a communication method in a wireless communication system.

[0002] In NR (New Radio) (also referred to as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), a network architecture including 5GC (5G Core Network) corresponding to EPC (Evolved Packet Core), which is the core network in the LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture, and NG-RAN (Next Generation - Radio Access Network) corresponding to E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network), which is the RAN (Radio Access Network) in the LTE network architecture, is being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).

[0003] NR Release 18 also considers sharing 5G system time with terminals. For example, it has been concluded that the specifications should be as follows: (i) the Time Sensitive Communication and Time Synchronization function (TSCTSF) determines which terminals are affected by changes in the quality of the RAN clock; and (ii) the TSCTSF notifies the Application Function (AF) of the network time synchronization status of the terminals. Two methods are being considered for deploying the clock status indicating the quality of the RAN clock synchronized for each terminal within the network: (Proposal 1) the Operation Administration and Maintenance (OAM) notifies the TSCTSF; and (Proposal 2) the RAN (base station) notifies the AMF.

[0004] 3GPP TS 23.501 V17.5.0 (2022-06)3GPP TS 23.502 V17.5.0 (2022-06)

[0005] Both the above-mentioned (Proposal 1) and (Proposal 2) require cooperation between the terminal, AMF, and TSCTSF. Regarding this cooperation, only the cooperation between the terminal and AMF, in which the terminal receives SIB (System Information Block) information including the clock state and recognizes a change in the clock state and issues a registration request, is discussed, and no further details are discussed. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the cooperation between the AMF and TSCTSF.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to realize the cooperative operation required to collect the network time synchronization status of terminals.

[0007] According to the disclosed technology, there is provided a network node comprising: a receiving unit that receives, from a terminal, a registration request including a support indication for network time synchronization, and receives, from another network node, a subscription request for event disclosure related to the terminal's presence in an area of ​​interest, including a RAN time synchronization status change event; a control unit that determines, based on the base station through which the registration request has passed, a terminal presence state indicating whether the terminal is present in the area of ​​interest or not, or has entered or left the area of ​​interest; and a transmitting unit that notifies the other network node of the result of the determination of the terminal presence state of the terminal.

[0008] The disclosed technology provides a technology that enables the cooperative operation required to collect the network time synchronization status of a terminal to be realized.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of the flow of a clock state coordination procedure according to Example 1 of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of the flow of a clock state coordination procedure according to Example 2 of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional configuration of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station or a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0011] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technology may be used as appropriate. The existing technology is, for example, the existing NR or LTE, but is not limited to the existing NR or LTE. In addition, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR), unless otherwise specified.

[0012] In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, terms such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) used in existing LTE are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be called by other names. In addition, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even if a signal is used in NR, it is not necessarily stated as "NR-".

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" radio parameters and the like may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station or a terminal are set.

[0015] (System Configuration) Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20. Although Fig. 1 shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, this is an example, and there may be a plurality of each.

[0016] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the terminal 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks. Furthermore, a transmission time interval (TTI) in the time domain may be a slot, or a subframe.

[0017] The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the terminal 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is transmitted, for example, via NR-PBCH and is also referred to as broadcast information. The synchronization signal and system information may also be referred to as SSB (SS / PBCH block). As shown in FIG. 1, the base station 10 transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals by performing beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of applying MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to the DL or UL. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may communicate via a secondary cell (SCell: Secondary Cell) and a primary cell (PCell: Primary Cell) using CA (Carrier Aggregation). Furthermore, the terminal 20 may perform communication via a primary cell of the base station 10 and a primary secondary cell group cell (PSCell: Primary SCG Cell) of another base station 10 using DC (Dual Connectivity).

[0018] The terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, or an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. As shown in FIG. 1, the terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. The terminal 20 also receives various reference signals transmitted from the base station 10 and measures propagation path quality based on the reception results of the reference signals. The terminal 20 may also be referred to as a UE, and the base station 10 may also be referred to as a gNB.

[0019] 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wireless communication system includes a RAN 10, a terminal 20, a core network 30, and a DN (Data Network) 40.

[0020] The core network 30 is a network including an exchange, a subscriber information management device, etc. The core network 30 includes a network node that realizes a U-Plane function and a group of network nodes that realizes a group of C-Plane functions.

[0021] The U-Plane function is a function that executes transmission and reception processing of user data. A network node that realizes the U-Plane function is, for example, a UPF (User plane function) 380. The UPF 380 is a network node that has functions such as a PDU (Protocol Data Unit) session point to the outside for interconnection with the DN 40, packet routing and forwarding, and user plane QoS (Quality of Service) handling. The UPF 380 controls the transmission and reception of data between the DN 40 and the terminal 20. The UPF 380 and the DN 40 may be composed of one or more network slices.

[0022] The C-Plane function group is a function group that executes a series of control processes for establishing communications, etc. Network nodes that realize the C-Plane function group include, for example, an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 310, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 320, a Network Exposure Function (NEF) 330, a Network Repository Function (NRF) 340, an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) 350, a Policy Control Function (PCF) 360, a Session Management Function (SMF) 370, an Application Function (AF) 390, and a Time Sensitive Communication and Time Synchronization function (TSCTSF) 391.

[0023] The AMF 310 is a network node having functions such as terminating the RAN interface, terminating the NAS (Non-Access Stratum), registration management, connection management, reachability management, and mobility management. The NRF 340 is a network node having a function of discovering NF (Network Function) instances that provide services. The UDM 320 is a network node that manages subscriber data and authentication data. The UDM 320 includes a UDR (User Data Repository) 321 that holds the data, and an FE (Front End) 322. The FE 322 processes subscriber information.

[0024] The SMF 370 is a network node having functions such as session management, IP (Internet Protocol) address allocation and management for the terminal 20, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) function, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy, and roaming function. The NEF 330 is a network node having a function of notifying other NFs (Network Functions) of capabilities and events. The PCF 360 is a network node having a function of controlling network policies.

[0025] The AF 390 is a network node that has the function of controlling an application server.

[0026] The TSCTSF 391 is a network node that has the function of associating a time synchronization service request from an NF with an AF session.

[0027] The AMF 310 and the RAN 10 are communicatively connected as an N2 link. The UPF 380 and the RAN 10 are communicatively connected as an N3 link. The UPF 380 and the SMF 370 are communicatively connected as an N4 link. The UPF 380 and the DN 40 are communicatively connected as an N6 link.

[0028] (Problems with the Conventional Art) Next, problems with the conventional art will be described. NR Release 18 considers sharing 5G system time with terminals. For example, it has been concluded that (i) TSCTSF391 determines terminals affected by changes in the quality of the clock of RAN10, and (ii) TSCTSF391 notifies AF390 of the network time synchronization status of the terminal(s). The clock status indicating the quality of the clock of RAN10 may be, for example, a list ([gNB-ID, clock status] list) indicating the clock status for each base station ID (gNB-ID).

[0029] The TSCTSF 291 needs to grasp the clock state indicating the quality of the clock of the RAN 10 synchronized for each terminal. The clock state indicating the quality of the clock of the RAN 10 synchronized for each terminal may be a [SUPI, clock state] list. Here, SUPI (Subscription Permanent Identifier) ​​is an identifier for identifying a terminal. As a method for deploying the clock state indicating the quality of the RAN clock within a network, two methods are being studied: (Proposal 1) OAM (Operation Administration and Maintenance) notifies the TSCTSF 391; and (Proposal 2) RAN 10 (base station) notifies the AMF 310.

[0030] Both of the above-mentioned (Proposal 1) and (Proposal 2) require cooperation between the terminal, the AMF 310, and the TSCTSF 391. Regarding this cooperation, only the cooperation between the terminal and the AMF, in which the terminal receives SIB (System Information Block) information including the clock state and recognizes a change in the clock state and issues a registration request, is discussed, and no further details are discussed. Therefore, the problem is how to specifically realize the cooperation between the AMF and the TSCTSF.

[0031] (Outline of the Present Embodiment) In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, in the present embodiment, specific methods for realizing the above-mentioned (Proposal 1) and (Proposal 2) will be described. Specifically, Examples 1 and 2 will be described as examples for realizing each of the proposals.

[0032] (Example 1) In this example, a method for realizing the above-mentioned (Proposal 2) will be described.

[0033] AMF event disclosure regarding AoI UE presence (terminal presence in an area of ​​interest) targeting a newly defined "same clock state area" is introduced to the AMF 310 in advance. The "same clock state area" is an area consisting of multiple RANs 10 (gNBs) with the same clock state. The clock state in the AoI (Area of ​​Interest) is the area identifier.

[0034] The operation of this embodiment will be described below: Fig. 3 is a sequence diagram showing an example of the flow of a clock state linking procedure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] The TSCTSF 391 sends an AMF event subscription request including a "RAN time synchronization state change event" with the region of interest = "same clock state region" to the AMF 310 (step S101). The specification of the region of interest may be omitted.

[0036] RAN10(s) notifies the AMF310 of the clock state (step S102). AMF310 generates a [gNB-ID, clock state] list based on the clock state notified from one or more RAN10 (step S103).

[0037] When there is a change in the quality of the clock, such as a delay, the RAN 10 broadcasts the clock status to the terminal(s) 20 (step S104). If there are multiple terminals 20, the terminal(s) 20 each transmits a registration request including a network time synchronization support indication to the AMF 310 (step S105).

[0038] Based on the [gNB-ID, clock state] list, AMF 310 determines whether the clock state of the terminal 20 that received the registration request has changed (step S106). This determination in step S106 corresponds to determining whether the area of ​​interest of the terminal 20 has changed in a conventional AoI UE presence-related AMF event in the above-mentioned area of ​​interest = "same clock state area". That is, based on the base station through which the registration request has passed, AMF 310 determines the terminal presence state, which indicates whether the terminal is present in the area of ​​interest, or has entered or left the area of ​​interest.

[0039] For example, a case will be described in which base station A and base station B are in clock state A, and base station C is in clock state B. When terminal 20 moves from base station A to base station C, AMF 310 determines that the area of ​​interest has changed because terminal 20 moves from an area in clock state A to an area in clock state B. Furthermore, when terminal 20 moves from base station A to base station B, AMF 310 determines that the area of ​​interest has not changed because terminal 20 has not moved from the area in clock state A. In this way, by setting area of ​​interest = "same clock state area", AMF 310 can determine whether the clock state of each terminal 20 has changed by using a conventional AMF event related to AoI UE presence.

[0040] Here, unlike conventional AMF events related to AoI UE presence, AMF 310 may determine that terminal 20 is present in the original region of interest (i.e., the region of interest that it last passed through) even if terminal 20 becomes RRC-idle until terminal 20 issues a registration request in a different clock state.

[0041] Note that instead of the region of interest="region with the same clock state", the region of interest="region with the same range of clock states" may be used. For example, the clock state may be A or B in the same range. Also, instead of the AMF event related to AoI UE presence, a new event may be introduced. For example, an event for notifying whether the clock state of each terminal has changed may be introduced into the AMF 310.

[0042] When the AMF 310 determines that the clock state of the terminal 20 for which the registration request was received has been changed, the AMF 310 generates or updates a [SUPI, clock state] list indicating the clock state of each terminal 20 (step S107). Then, the AMF 310 notifies the update of the [SUPI, clock state] list (step S108).

[0043] According to this embodiment, the above-described (Proposal 2) can be specifically realized. That is, the RAN 10 (base station) notifies the AMF 310 of the clock state, and the AMF 310 can notify the TSCTSF 391 of the clock state for each terminal 20.

[0044] (Example 2) In this example, a method for realizing the above-mentioned (Proposal 1) will be described.

[0045] The TSCTSF 391 is notified in advance of the clock status for each RAN 10 by the OAM or the like.

[0046] The operation of this embodiment will be described below: Fig. 4 is a sequence diagram showing an example of the flow of a clock state linking procedure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] TSCTSF391 generates a [gNB-ID, clock state] list based on the clock state for each RAN10 notified from OAM or the like (step S201). Next, TSCTSF391 sends an AMF event subscription request including a "RAN time synchronization state change event" with interest area = "gNB-ID" to AMF310 (step S202). Here, setting interest area = "gNB-ID" is an example of specifying the interest area at the granularity of the base station.

[0048] When there is a change in the quality of the clock, such as a delay, the RAN 10 broadcasts the clock status to the terminal 20 (one or more) (step S203). If there are multiple terminals 20, the terminal 20 (one or more) each transmits a registration request including a network time synchronization support indication to the AMF 310 (step S204).

[0049] The AMF 310 notifies the TSCTSF 391 of the [SUPI, gNB-ID] of the terminal that received the registration request (step S205). That is, the AMF 310 determines the terminal presence state, indicating whether the terminal is present in the area of ​​interest, or whether it has entered or left the area of ​​interest, based on the base station through which the registration request has passed.

[0050] Here, unlike conventional AMF events related to AoI UE presence, AMF 310 may determine that terminal 20 is present in the original region of interest (i.e., the region of interest that it last passed through) even if terminal 20 becomes RRC-idle until terminal 20 issues a registration request in a different clock state.

[0051] TSCTSF391 generates or updates a [SUPI, clock status] list based on the notified [SUPI, gNB-ID] (step S206).

[0052] According to this embodiment, it is possible to specifically realize the above-mentioned (Proposal 1). That is, the TSCTSF 391 can grasp the clock state of each terminal 20 based on the clock state of each RAN 10 notified from the OAM or the like and the change in correspondence between the terminal and the RAN 10 notified from the AMF 310.

[0053] According to this embodiment, it is possible to realize the cooperation operation between AMF and TSCTSF necessary for TSCTSF to collect the network time synchronization status of the terminal.

[0054] (Device Configuration) Next, a description will be given of an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10, the terminal 20, and various network nodes that perform the processes and operations described above. The base station 10, the terminal 20, and various network nodes include functions that perform the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10, the terminal 20, and various network nodes may each have only a portion of the functions of the embodiments.

[0055] <Base Station 10 and Network Node> Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10. As shown in Fig. 5, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 5 is merely an example. As long as the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. Note that a network node may have the same functional configuration as the base station 10. Furthermore, a network node having multiple different functions in the system architecture may be composed of multiple network nodes separated by function.

[0056] The transmitter 110 has a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 or another network node and transmitting the signal by wire or wirelessly. The receiver 120 has a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 or another network node and acquiring, for example, information of a higher layer from the received signal.

[0057] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20 in a storage device, and reads out the information from the storage device as needed.

[0058] The control unit 140 performs processing related to communication with the terminal 20. The control unit 140 also performs processing related to verifying the geographical position of the terminal 20. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0059] <Terminal 20> Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the terminal 20. As shown in Fig. 6, the terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 6 is merely an example. As long as the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. The USIM attached to the terminal 20 may have the transmitting unit 210, the receiving unit 220, the setting unit 230, and the control unit 240, just like the terminal 20.

[0060] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 receives various signals wirelessly and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, reference signals, etc. transmitted from a network node.

[0061] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the network node by the receiving unit 220 in a storage device, and reads it out from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance.

[0062] The network node of this embodiment may be configured as the network node shown in each of the following items. Also, the following communication method may be implemented.

[0063] <Configuration Related to the Present Embodiment> (Item 1) A network node comprising: a receiver that receives, from a terminal, a registration request including a support indication for network time synchronization, and receives, from another network node, a subscription request for event disclosure related to the terminal's presence in a region of interest, including a RAN time synchronization status change event; a controller that determines a terminal presence state indicating whether the terminal is present in the region of interest, or whether the terminal has entered or left the region of interest, based on a base station via which the registration request has passed; and a transmitter that notifies the other network node of the result of the determination of the terminal presence state of the terminal. (Item 2) The network node according to Item 1, wherein the controller determines that the terminal is present in the region of interest via which the registration request last passed, when the terminal is in RRC-IDLE. (Item 3) The network node according to Item 1, wherein the receiver receives information indicating a clock state from a base station, and the controller defines the region of interest as a region consisting of base stations with the same clock state. a receiving unit configured to receive from the other network node information indicating that the terminal has changed the area of ​​interest by transmitting a registration request from the other network node, the ...

[0064] Any of the above configurations provides a technique that enables the cooperative operation necessary to collect the network time synchronization status of a terminal. According to paragraph 1, a terminal presence state indicating whether the terminal is present in, has entered, or has left the area of ​​interest can be determined based on the base station through which the registration request has passed, and the result of the determination of the terminal presence state of the terminal can be notified to another network node. According to paragraph 2, if the terminal is in RRC-IDLE, it can be determined that the terminal is present in the area of ​​interest through which the registration request last passed. According to paragraph 3, the area of ​​interest can be defined as an area consisting of base stations with the same clock state. According to paragraph 4, information indicating that the terminal has changed the area of ​​interest by transmitting a registration request can be received from another network node, and the clock state of each terminal can be determined based on the information indicating that the terminal has changed the area of ​​interest and the information indicating the clock state of each base station.

[0065] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 5 and 6) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0066] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, assessment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0067] For example, the network node, the terminal 20, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network node may have the same hardware configuration as the base station 10. The USIM may have the same hardware configuration as the terminal 20. The above-described base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0068] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0069] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, the memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0070] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0071] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 5 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. Furthermore, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 6 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0072] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0073] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0074] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0075] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0076] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0077] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0078] Fig. 8 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 8, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0079] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0080] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0081] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0082] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 2012 provides various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001 by using information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc.

[0083] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0084] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0085] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0086] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0087] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0088] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0089] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0090] (Supplementary Notes on the Embodiments) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; matters described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and matters described in one item may apply to matters described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). Boundaries between functional units or processing units in functional block diagrams do not necessarily correspond to boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0091] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0092] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be implemented using any of the following standards: LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 ( The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0093] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be rearranged unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0094] In this specification, a specific operation described as being performed by the base station 10 may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and another network node other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).

[0095] The information, signals, etc. described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0096] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0097] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0098] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0099] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0100] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0101] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0102] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0103] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0104] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0105] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0106] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage.

[0107] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0108] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0109] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0110] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0111] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0112] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0113] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0114] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0115] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0116] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0117] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0118] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0119] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0120] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0121] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0122] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0123] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0124] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0125] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0126] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate wireless resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20) to each terminal 20 in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0127] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0128] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0129] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0130] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0131] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of the numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on the numerology.

[0132] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0133] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0134] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0135] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0136] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be set for the terminal 20 within one carrier.

[0137] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the terminal 20 may not expect to transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," and the like in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0138] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various changes may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc.

[0139] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0140] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0141] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0142] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0143] 10 Base station (RAN) 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Controller 20 Terminal 30 Core network 40 DN 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Controller 310 AMF 320 UDM 330 NEF 340 NRF 350 AUSF 360 PCF 370 SMF 380 UPF 390 AF 391 TSCTSF 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Front wheel 2008 Rear wheel 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 RPM sensor 2023 Air pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. A receiving unit that receives a registration request including support display for network time synchronization from a terminal and receives a subscription request including a RAN time synchronization state change event from another network node; A control unit that determines a terminal presence state indicating whether the terminal exists in an area of interest specified at the base station granularity based on the base station that the terminal last passed through; A transmitting unit that transmits information regarding the terminal presence state including the RAN time synchronization state to the other network node, A network node.

2. The receiving unit receives information indicating a clock state from a base station, The control unit assumes that the area of interest is an area composed of base stations with the same clock state, The network node according to Claim 1.

3. A transmitting unit that specifies an area of interest at the base station granularity and transmits a subscription request including a RAN time synchronization state change event to another network node; A receiving unit that receives information regarding a terminal presence state indicating whether the terminal exists in the area of interest including the RAN time synchronization state from the other network node, A network node.

4. Receiving a registration request including support display for network time synchronization from a terminal and receiving a subscription request including a RAN time synchronization state change event from another network node; Determining a terminal presence state indicating whether the terminal exists in an area of interest specified at the base station granularity based on the base station that the terminal last passed through; Transmitting information regarding the terminal presence state including the RAN time synchronization state to the other network node, A communication method executed by a network node.