METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACCESS AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM.

Abstract

An access method and apparatus and a communications system provided in the modalities of this application can implement flexible access to a network based on a terminal requirement in different access scenarios. The method applies to a communications system, which includes a network control apparatus and at least one terminal. The method includes: The network control apparatus sends access configuration information, where the access configuration information is used to configure an access mode for the at least one terminal, and the access mode includes either a first access mode or a second access mode. A first terminal in the at least one network sends first terminal access information to the network control apparatus based on the access configuration information, where the access information is used to request access.The network control device receives access information from the first terminal.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACCESS AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM FIELD OF INVENTION This application relates to the field of communications and, more specifically, to a method and apparatus of access and a communications system in the field of communications. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION With increasing consumer demand for a personalized driving experience, smart cockpit services are playing a growing role in the driving process. A smart cockpit typically includes multiple devices such as a cockpit domain controller (CDC), a vehicle audio device, a vehicle microphone, a vehicle display, a smart terminal, and other wearable devices. The CDC connects to and communicates with these various devices via wired or wireless connections to provide drivers with a richer entertainment, audio, video, and office experience. With the continuous development of communication technologies, the cockpit domain controller (CDC) can be connected to a vehicle terminal (such as a vehicle speaker and vehicle display) and a non-vehicle terminal (such as a smart terminal and a user's Bluetooth headset) in a wireless manner, to implement communication between the CDC and a terminal (which includes the vehicle terminal and / or the non-vehicle terminal). In an existing wireless communication system, a terminal accesses a network device using a conventional random access method, such as contention-based random access. Access requests follow a Poisson distribution due to the random arrival of terminals; that is, terminal access requests occur approximately at average intervals. When terminals request random access, another terminal is already being served by the system. Therefore, most of the system's available time-frequency resources are used to maintain and guarantee service to the other terminal, and only a limited, fixed time-frequency resource is allocated for random access. There are generally the following two scenarios for accessing terminals in a cabin domain. Scenario 1: When a vehicle is first started, multiple vehicle terminals in a cabin initiate access requests to the CDC within a short time. This is a scenario where the terminals perform batch or group access. Scenario 2: After a vehicle is operating stably, a non-vehicle terminal needs to access a network, or a vehicle terminal's link is faulty and the vehicle terminal needs to access the network again. This is a terminal random access scenario. However, in the conventional random access method, the limited time-frequency resource can only support very limited terminal access at a time. This cannot ensure reliable terminal communication because the terminal cannot flexibly access the network based on its requirements in the different access scenarios described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The modalities of this application provide a method and apparatus of access and a communications system to flexibly access a network based on a terminal requirement in different access scenarios, thereby improving communication efficiency and resource utilization. According to the first aspect, one modality of this request provides a method of access. The method applies to a communications system, which includes a network control device and at least one terminal, and the method includes: The network control device sends access configuration information, where the access configuration information is used to configure an access form for the at least one terminal, and the access form includes either a first access form or a second access form. A first terminal in the at least one system sends first terminal access information to the network control device based on the access configuration information, where the access information is used to request access. The network control device receives the access information from the first terminal. Specifically, the above “access” is initial access. Optionally, the network control apparatus and at least one terminal each may be in a plurality of forms. This is not limited in this modality of this application. In a possible implementation, the network control apparatus may be a CDC in a cabin, the at least one terminal may be at least one vehicle terminal in the cabin, and a vehicle manufacturer integrates the CDC and the at least one vehicle terminal into a vehicle to which the cabin belongs. In another possible implementation, the network control apparatus may be a CDC in a booth, and the at least one terminal may include at least one vehicle terminal or a non-vehicle terminal in the booth. It should be noted that before the network control device sends the access configuration information, at least one terminal is in a disconnected state, i.e., none of the at least one terminal accesses a network or establishes a connection with the network control device, or a connection established with the network control device needs to be re-established after it disconnects. It should also be noted that the disconnected state in this mode of this request may include a resting state or an inactive state. It should be noted that at least one terminal can belong to at least one type of terminal. Optionally, the terminal type may include a first terminal type or a second terminal type. This is not limited in this application form. In a possible implementation, the first type of terminal can be a vehicle terminal type, and the second type of terminal can be a non-vehicle terminal type. For example, the vehicle terminal may include a vehicle speaker, a vehicle display, or a vehicle microphone. For another example, the non-vehicular terminal could include a smart terminal, a Bluetooth headset, or a tablet computer. Optionally, the first access form may include a contention-based access form or a random access form, and the first access form is used to indicate that access is permitted from terminals of the first terminal type and the second terminal type. Optionally, the second access form may include contention-free access, a group access form, or a batch access form, and the second access form is used to indicate that access is permitted from a terminal of only the first type of terminal. Optionally, the access configuration information can be used to configure access in multiple ways. This is not limited to this application form. In a first possible implementation, the Access Configuration Information may include at least a first bit, and the at least one first bit is used to configure the access method. In other words, the access configuration information can directly indicate the access method. In a second possible implementation, the access configuration information may include first status information, where the first status information is used to indicate a status of the network control device, and the status of the network control device may indicate the access method of at least one terminal. In other words, the access configuration information can directly indicate the status of the network control device and indirectly indicate the access method of at least one terminal when using the status of the network control device. Optionally, the status of the network control device and the terminal access method can be in a one-to-one correspondence, or in a many-to-one relationship. This is not limited in this application. In a first possible implementation, the network control device can have a first state or a second state; the first state corresponds to the first access method, and the second state corresponds to the second access method. In a second possible implementation, the state of the network control apparatus may include a first state, a second state, a third state or a fourth state, where the first state and the third state correspond to the first access form, and the second state and the fourth state correspond to the second access form. Optionally, the network control device can send access configuration information in a variety of ways. This is not limited to this application. In a first possible implementation, the network control device can send the access configuration information to each of at least one terminal. In a second possible implementation, the network control appliance can send a multicast message, where the multicast message includes the access configuration information and a multicast address. It should be noted that the multicast address is an address of a group of terminals, and the group of terminals can identify and receive a message sent to this address. For example, the plurality of terminals includes terminal 1 and terminal 2. Terminal 1 and terminal 2 belong to a first group of terminals, and the multicast message sent by the network control apparatus includes resource configuration information and a multicast address for the first group of terminals. Consequently, terminal 1 and terminal 2 determine that they belong to the first group of terminals corresponding to the multicast address, and they receive the multicast message. Optionally, the multicast message may also include terminal count information, and the terminal count information is used to indicate a number of terminals corresponding to the multicast address. In a third possible implementation, the network control appliance can send a system broadcast message, where the system broadcast message includes the access configuration information. According to the access method provided in this version of this application, the network control device includes the access configuration information in the message of MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / multicast or broadcast message. This can reduce transmission delay and improve access efficiency. The following describes separately, using two different scenarios, an implementation process in which the first terminal in at least one terminal sends the first terminal's access information to the network control appliance based on the access configuration information. Scenario 1: The access form is the first access form (e.g., random access or contention-based access), the first access form indicates that access is allowed from the terminal of the first terminal type and the terminal of the second terminal type, and the first terminal belongs to either the first terminal type or the second terminal type. Optionally, in Scenario 1, the first terminal in at least one terminal sends the first terminal's access information to the network control device based on the access configuration information. This can include: The first terminal sends the first terminal's access information to the network control device in the first preconfigured time-frequency resource of the first access method. Correspondingly, the network control device receives the first terminal's access information in the first time-frequency resource. Before the first terminal in the at least one terminal sends the access information of the first terminal to the network control appliance based on the access configuration information, the first terminal and the network control appliance need to first determine the first time-frequency resource. Optionally, the first terminal or network control device may determine the first time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a possible first implementation, the network control device can send initial resource configuration information to the first terminal in advance, where this initial resource configuration information is used to configure the first time-frequency resource. Correspondingly, the first terminal can receive the initial resource configuration information from the network control device and determine the first time-frequency resource based on this initial resource configuration information. In a second possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on the locations of the first time-frequency resource in the time domain and in the frequency domain. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on a rule for determining the location of the first time-frequency resource. The first terminal and the network control apparatus can determine the MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / first time-frequency resource according to the rule. It should be noted that the first time-frequency resource is a preconfigured, limited, and fixed time-frequency resource. Specifically, the first time-frequency resource can occupy one time-domain resource unit (or time-domain length) with a fixed location and fixed size, and one frequency-domain resource unit (or frequency-domain bandwidth) with a fixed location and fixed size. It should also be noted that the time domain resource unit can be understood as a scheduling granularity in the time domain, for example, a minimum granularity, and the frequency domain resource unit can be understood as a scheduling granularity in the frequency domain. Specifically, the time-domain resource unit can be, but is not limited to, a slot or a frame, and the frame or slot includes multiple symbols. For example, the symbol is an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. The frequency-domain resource unit can be, but is not limited to, one or more subcarriers. For example, it is agreed in a communications protocol that the first time-frequency resource occupies two fixed symbols in each slot in the time domain, and occupies two fixed subcarriers in the system bandwidth in the frequency domain. As another example, it is agreed in a communications protocol that the first time-frequency resource occupies one or more fixed resource blocks in an available time-frequency resource of a system. Optionally, the access information for the first terminal can be represented in a variety of ways. This is not limited in this application form. In a possible implementation, the access information of the first terminal may include a first identifier, and the first identifier belongs to a preconfigured set of identifiers. In other words, the network control device and the first terminal can preconfigure the set of identifiers. When an identifier belonging to the set of identifiers is received, the network control device can determine that the identifier corresponds to a terminal requesting access. In another possible implementation, the access information of the first terminal may include a first address, and the first address belongs to a preconfigured set of addresses. In other words, the network control apparatus and the first terminal can MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / preconfigure the address pool. When an address belonging to the address pool is received, the network control appliance can determine that the address corresponds to a terminal requesting access. Optionally, the first terminal can preconfigure the identifier set (or address set) in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application mode. In a first possible implementation, the set of identifiers (or the set of addresses) can be predefined in a communications protocol, and the first terminal and the network control apparatus can determine the set of identifiers (or the set of addresses) based on the communications protocol. In a second possible implementation, the network control device can send initial configuration information to the first terminal in advance, where this initial configuration information is used to configure the identifier set (or address set). Correspondingly, the first terminal receives the initial configuration information from the network control device and configures the identifier set (or address set) based on this initial configuration information. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on the set of identifiers (or the set of addresses). It should be noted that, in an existing random access method, a terminal needs to send a PRACH sequence to a network at a fixed and limited time and frequency to request access. Because a PRACH is a signal, the analysis complexity for a network device is relatively high. According to the access method provided in this application mode, the first terminal sends access information to the network control apparatus instead of a PRACH request, where the access information pertains to data. This can reduce the complexity of analysis for the network control apparatus and improve communication efficiency. Because the access information of the first terminal is used to request access, the network control device can only know, based on the access information, that a terminal is requesting access, but the network control device does not know the terminal's actual identity. Therefore, the network control device needs to determine the actual identity of the terminal requesting access. Optionally, the method may also include: The network control apparatus sends an identity information request to the first terminal based on the access information of the first terminal, where the identity information request is used to request first identity information, and the first identity information is used to identify the first terminal. Accordingly, the first terminal receives the identity information request from the network control apparatus and sends the first identity information to the network control apparatus based on the identity information request. Correspondingly, the network control apparatus receives the first identity information from the first terminal. Optionally, the identity information request can be used to indicate that the network control appliance requests the first identity information, and the identity information request includes identity information of the network control appliance. It should be noted that the network control device's identity information can be understood as information that uniquely identifies the network control device within a communications domain in which it is located. The first terminal's identity information can be understood as information that uniquely identifies the terminal within a communications domain in which it is located. Optionally, the identity information (for example, the network control appliance identity information or the first terminal identity information) in this form of this application may include at least one of the following: a device identifier, a media access control (MAC) address, a soft address, or a short address. It should be noted that the device identifier is a string of digits or a serial number that can uniquely identify the terminal, for example, an international mobile equipment identification number (IMEI) or a mobile equipment identifier (MEID). It should also be noted that the MAC address is an address used at a media access layer, and is also known as a physical address, or a hardware address. It should also be noted that the soft address can be an address assigned by the network control apparatus to the first terminal during the terminal's previous access and that can uniquely identify the terminal in the communications domain. It should also be noted that the short address can be an address obtained based on a part of at least one of the device identifier, the MAC address, or the soft address. For example, the network control device can generate the short address by using the 10 least significant bits of any of the above addresses of the first terminal, and the ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / generated short address can uniquely identify the first terminal in the communications domain. In one possible implementation, for example, the identity information is a device identification code. The network control apparatus and the first terminal can agree in advance on a device identification code encoding rule; that is, agree in advance that different fields in the device identification code have different meanings, and obtain the identity information of the network control apparatus by analyzing some or all of the fields. Optionally, the identity information may include at least one field. The network control device and the first terminal may define the meanings of different fields in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a possible implementation, the identity information may include a first field, and the first field is used to indicate a device type. In another possible implementation, the identity information may include a second field, and the second field is used to indicate a device function. In yet another possible implementation, the identity information may include a third field, and the third field is used to indicate a device number. Optionally, the identity information request may also include second resource configuration information, where the second resource configuration information is used to configure a time-frequency resource used for the first identity information. Correspondingly, the first terminal may send the first identity information to the network control device on the time-frequency resource specified by the second resource configuration information. It should be noted that, after receiving the first identity information, the network control apparatus can establish a correspondence between the first identity information and the first address, i.e., determine the real identity of the first terminal. In other words, if the network control device successfully obtains the first identity information through analysis, the first terminal successfully gains access. Optionally, once the first terminal has successfully established access, the network control device can send scheduling information to the first terminal. This scheduling information specifies a time-frequency resource that the first terminal will use to transmit data. The first terminal then receives this scheduling information from the network control device and transmits data using the time-frequency resource specified in the scheduling information. Optionally, before the network control device sends the information MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / programming to the first terminal, the network control device can send first indication information to the first terminal, where the first indication information is used to indicate that the first terminal successfully performs access. It should be noted that the programming information can also be used to indicate that the first terminal successfully accesses the network. In other words, the network control device does not need to separately send the first indication information to show that the first terminal successfully accesses the network; the first terminal can determine that it has successfully accessed the network simply by receiving the programming information. It should also be noted that if the network control apparatus fails to obtain the first identity information through analysis, for example, it does not obtain the first identity information because the network control apparatus fails to obtain the access information of the first terminal through analysis, the first terminal does not perform the access. Optionally, when it is determined that the first terminal fails to access, the network control device can send a second indication message to the first terminal. This second indication message serves to confirm the failure. The first terminal can then receive this second indication message from the network control device and initiate random access again to the first time-frequency resource based on this second indication message. It should be noted that a process in which the first terminal performs the access again is similar to the previous implementation process for the first access. To avoid repetition, details are not described again here. Optionally, after determining that the first terminal successfully establishes access, to avoid an address (or identifier) ​​conflict caused by the first terminal and another terminal requesting access selecting the same address in the address set (or the same identifier in the identifier set), the network control apparatus may reassign a new address not in the address set (or a new identifier not in the identifier set) to the first terminal, and perform subsequent data transmission based on the new address (or the new identifier). In a first possible implementation, the network control apparatus can send address information to the first terminal, where the address information is used to indicate that the first address is updated to a second address, the address information carries the second address, and the second address does not belong to the address set. Accordingly, the first terminal can receive address information from the network control device and update the first address to the second address based on the address information. In a second possible implementation, the network control apparatus can send identifier information to the first terminal, where the identifier information is used to indicate that the first identifier is updated to a second identifier, the identifier information carries the second identifier, and the second identifier does not belong to the set of identifiers. Accordingly, the first terminal can receive the identifier information from the network control device and update the first identifier to the second identifier based on the identifier information. The following goes on to describe an implementation process in which the first terminal in the at least one terminal sends the first terminal access information to the network control appliance based on the access configuration information in Scenario 2. It should be noted that the implementation process in the above Scenario 1 and the implementation process in the following Scenario 2 are independent of each other. Scenario 2: The access form is the second access form (e.g., group access, batch access, or contention-free access). The second access form indicates that access is allowed from the terminal of only the first terminal type, and the first terminal is the terminal of the first terminal type. Optionally, the access configuration information is also used to configure a first time-frequency resource that will be used by at least one terminal to perform access in the second access mode. Optionally, in Scenario 2, the first terminal in at least one terminal sends the access information to the network control device based on the access configuration information. This can include: The first terminal sends the access information to the network control device on the first time-frequency resource of the second access method. Correspondingly, the network control device receives the access information from the first terminal on the first time-frequency resource. Optionally, before the first terminal in the at least one terminal sends the first terminal access information to the network control appliance based on the access configuration information, the network control appliance needs to first determine the first time-frequency resource. In one possible implementation, the first time-frequency resource is a time-frequency resource available in the communications domain in which the ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / network control device. In comparison with a preconfigured, fixed, limited time-frequency resource of an existing random access method, the available time-frequency resource can provide more sufficient resources to meet group access for a plurality of terminals. For example, the first time-frequency resource may include all available time-frequency resources in the communications domain where the network control apparatus is located. It should be noted that all available time-frequency resources in this application mode can be referred to as all available time-frequency resources for initial access. Furthermore, all time-frequency resources occupy at least one time-domain resource unit (or one first-time domain length) and at least one frequency-domain resource unit (or one first-time frequency-domain bandwidth). Because there is no access to the vehicle device when it has just been powered on, all available time-frequency resources can be used as access resources. In one possible implementation, after the plurality of terminals completes initial access on all time-frequency resources used for initial access, the network control apparatus can send a system broadcast message to indicate that initial access is complete. Consequently, a terminal with an access requirement subsequently performs random access using either the existing random access method or the random access method provided in Scenario 1 of this application. It should also be noted that all available time-frequency resources or all time-frequency resources used for initial access do not include a symbol time-frequency resource (for example, a symbol carrying a pilot signal, a synchronization signal, a control signal, or a broadcast signal) that is available in the communications domain and is used to carry the system control plane overloads. In other words, all available time-frequency resources or all time-frequency resources used for initial access do not include a time-frequency resource used for control information or a control signal. Control information herein may include control signaling used to schedule data, such as broadcast channel information and data feedback information. The control signal herein may include at least one of a synchronization signal, an access channel signal, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or similar signals. In the access method provided in this application, under the group or batch access scenario, because the vehicle has just been powered on, there is no terminal access in the communications domain where the network control device is located. The network control device can calculate or determine all available time-frequency resources in the current communications domain and allocate all of these resources to the terminals for group or batch access. This can fulfill a group or batch access requirement and reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts occurring during terminal access. Optionally, the network control device can determine the first time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, for example, the network control device and at least one terminal belong to a first communication domain. The network control device can receive a broadcast message sent by a second network control device in a second communication domain, where the broadcast message is used to indicate all the time-frequency resources occupied by the second communication domain. The network control device can determine the first time-frequency resource based on all the time-frequency resources occupied by the second communication domain. Optionally, the first and second communication domains can belong to the same booth or different booths. This is not limited in this application form. It should be noted that one way in which the network control apparatus determines the first time-frequency resource is described above using only one example where the network control apparatus determines the first time-frequency resource based on all the time-frequency resources occupied by the second communication domain. However, this application is not limited to this method. Optionally, the network control device can determine the first time-frequency resource based on all time-frequency resources occupied by a plurality of communication domains. The plurality of communication domains includes the second communication domain. This is not limited in this application. In another possible implementation, the network control device can obtain the first time-frequency resource by using a higher-layer network device, and the higher-layer network device can calculate and allocate, to each network control device, all available time-frequency resources within a communications domain in which the network control device is located. Optionally, the network control device receives indication information from another network device, where the indication information is used to indicate the first time-frequency resource. According to the access method provided in this application, in the group or batch access scenario, because the vehicle has just been powered on, there is no terminal access in the communications domain where the network control device is located; that is, there are no other terminals or services requiring attention on the system. Therefore, the network control device can calculate all available time-frequency resources in the current communications domain and use them for group or batch terminal access. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts during terminal access and improve communication efficiency and resource utilization. Optionally, the access information can be carried in an access message, where the access message is obtained by performing modulation and encoding on the access information using predefined modulation and encoding information and modulation and encoding information includes at least one of a modulation and encoding scheme, a channel encoding scheme and a bit rate. Accordingly, the network control device can decode the access message based on the preconfigured modulation and encoding information, to obtain the access information. Optionally, the network control apparatus and the first terminal can obtain the modulation and encoding information in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a first possible implementation, the modulation and encoding information can be preconfigured in a communications protocol, and the first terminal and network control apparatus can determine the modulation and encoding information based on the communications protocol. In a second possible implementation, the network control device can send initial configuration information to the first terminal in advance. This initial configuration information is then used to configure the modulation and encoding information. Correspondingly, the first terminal receives this initial configuration information from the network control device and configures its modulation and encoding information accordingly. Optionally, the access configuration information and the initial configuration information can be carried in the same message, or they can be carried in separate messages. This is not limited in this request format. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on the modulation and encoding information. Optionally, the access information for the first terminal may include at least one of the first identity or status information. This is not limited in this application form. It should be noted that the first identity information can be understood as information that can uniquely identify the identity of the first terminal in the communications domain in which the first terminal is located. Optionally, the identity information (for example, the network control appliance identity information or the first terminal identity information) in this form of this application may include at least one of the following: a device identifier, a MAC address, a soft address, or a short address. Optionally, the identity information (for example, the network control device identity information or the first terminal identity information) in this form of this application may include at least one field. The network control device and the first terminal may define the meanings of different fields in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this form of this application. In a possible implementation, the identity information may include a first field, and the first field is used to indicate a device type. In another possible implementation, the identity information may include a second field, and the second field is used to indicate a device function. In yet another possible implementation, the identity information may include a third field, and the third field is used to indicate a device number. It should be noted that status information can be understood as information that can indicate a current state of the first terminal. Optionally, the first terminal can include a first state or a second state. For example, the first state may be a normal state, and the second state may be an abnormal state. Optionally, when the status information indicates that the status of the first terminal is the abnormal state, the status information may also include exception indication information, and the exception indication information is used to indicate a cause of exception for the first terminal. Optionally, the status information can indicate the status of the first terminal in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, the status information can include at least one bit, and the status information can indicate the current state of the first terminal by using at least one bit. ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / For example, the status information includes a bit. When the bit is 1, it indicates the normal state. When the bit is 0, it indicates the abnormal state. In another possible implementation, the status information may include exception indication information, and the exception indication information is used to indicate that the status of the first terminal is the abnormal state and to indicate the cause of the exception. It should be noted that, because a terminal may be in an abnormal state after being powered on, for example, a device failure, a line failure, or a network failure, the network control apparatus may agree with at least one terminal in advance that only one terminal (for example, the first terminal) in the normal state reports access information to the network control apparatus, and the terminal in the abnormal state does not need to report access information. Optionally, the first terminal may send access information to the network control device on the first time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a first possible implementation, the first terminal can send the access information of the first terminal to the network control apparatus in the first time-frequency resource manner of the contention-based resource. Because the first time-frequency resource represents all available time-frequency resources in the communications domain where the network control apparatus is located, a resource size of the first time-frequency resource is more sufficient than a preconfigured limited time-frequency resource size used for random access in the existing contention-based random access method. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts occurring during access by multiple terminals. In a second possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, from the first time-frequency resource, a second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. The first terminal sends its access information to the network control device in the second time-frequency resource. It should be noted that the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal in this modality of this request can be understood as a time-frequency resource used by the first terminal to report access information. Optionally, when the number of at least one terminals is greater than 1, the first time-frequency resource includes time-frequency resources used for each of the plurality of terminals to report access information. It should be noted that the time-frequency resources used for each of the plurality of terminals to report access information are orthogonal to each other. MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / For example, in the first time-frequency resource, a second time-frequency resource used to report access information for the first terminal and a third time-frequency resource used to report access information for a second terminal are orthogonal to each other. In other words, the time-frequency resources used by any two of the plurality of terminals to report access information do not overlap with each other in the time or frequency domain. According to the access method provided in this application, the time-frequency resources used by each of the multiple terminals to report access information are orthogonal to each other. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts during terminal access and improve communication efficiency and resource utilization. Optionally, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal can be specified by at least one of the following: second identity information of the first terminal, a resource size for the first time-frequency resource, a resource size for the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, or at least a preconfigured value. This is not limited in this application mode. It should be noted that the second identity information of the first terminal can be understood as information that can uniquely identify the identity of the terminal in the communications domain in which the first terminal is located. Optionally, the second identity information may include at least one of the following: a device identifier, a MAC address, a soft address, or a short address. Optionally, the first identity information and the second identity information for the first terminal can be the same or different. This is not limited in this application form. Optionally, the first terminal can determine, in a plurality of ways, the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. This is not limited in this application. In a possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, based on modulation and encoding information and a size of access information, the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. In a second possible implementation, before the first terminal in the at least one terminal sends the access information of the first terminal to the network control apparatus based on the access configuration information, the first terminal can receive second configuration information from the network control apparatus, where the second configuration information is used to configure the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. Optionally, the access configuration information and the second configuration information can be carried in the same message, or they can be carried in different messages. This is not limited in this mode of this request. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. It should be noted that at least one preconfigured value may be a preconfigured value used to determine a second time-frequency resource corresponding to each terminal. In one possible implementation, the at least one value may include a first value, and the first value is used to indicate a number of terminals. For example, the number of terminals can indicate a number of terminals in a group corresponding to a multicast address. As another example, the number of terminals can be a number of terminals that make an incoming call through the network control appliance based on the resource configuration information. Optionally, at least one value can be preconfigured for the first terminal in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application mode. In a first possible implementation, the at least one value can be preconfigured in a communications protocol, and the first terminal can obtain the at least one value based on the communications protocol. In a second possible implementation, before the first terminal sends the access information from the first terminal to the network control device based on the access configuration information, the first terminal can receive third configuration information from the network control device, where the third configuration information is used to configure the at least one value. Optionally, the access configuration information and the third configuration information can be carried in the same message, or they can be carried in different messages. This is not limited in this mode of this request. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on at least one value. Optionally, the first terminal can determine, from the first time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. This is not limited in this modality of this application. In a first possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, based on the resource size of the first time-frequency resource and the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. It should be noted that, because the network control unit and the first terminal can be produced by the same vehicle manufacturer, before the vehicle is delivered from the factory, related information (e.g., the second identity information of the first terminal, the size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, and at least one value) is used to determine the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. A calculation rule for the second time-frequency resource can then be pre-configured for the network control unit. Therefore, the network control unit does not need to perform additional signaling interaction with the first terminal to obtain the related information required to determine the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal.This can reduce signaling overloads, decrease access delay, and improve communication efficiency. Optionally, the network control apparatus and the first terminal can agree in advance on a division rule and a number rule for resource blocks in the first time-frequency resource, and the network control apparatus and the first terminal can determine, according to the number rule and the division rule, a number for each resource block and a resource size for each resource block in the first time-frequency resource. In other words, the network control apparatus and the first terminal can determine, using a similar method, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. In a second possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, based on the resource size of the first time-frequency resource, the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, and the second identity information of the first terminal, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, based on the second identity information of the first terminal and the first value, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, where the at least one value includes the first value. According to the previous resource block selection method, because the second identity information of each terminal is preconfigured for the device MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / network control, the first value can be set appropriately to effectively stagger the time-frequency resources used by different terminals to report access information, i.e., to ensure that the time-frequency resources used by different terminals to report access information do not overlap. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts during terminal access and improve communication efficiency and resource utilization. Optionally, when the number of at least one terminal is greater than 1, at least two terminals in the plurality of terminals may have different attributes, and the network control apparatus may configure, using the resource configuration information, different sub-resources for terminals with different attributes, where the first time-frequency resource includes the sub-resources corresponding to the terminals with different attributes. Optionally, the attribute may include at least one of a device type, a multicast address, or a device priority. Specifically, the device type may include a microphone type, an acoustic device type, a display type, and the like. The device type is not specifically limited in this application. It should be noted that the fact that the multicast addresses of the terminals are different can be understood as the terminals belonging to different terminal groups. Optionally, the terminal device priority can be divided in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application form. In one possible implementation, the device priority can be divided based on the terminal's location area in the cabin. For example, a device priority for a terminal located in a front-row seating area is higher than a device priority for a terminal located in a second-row seating area. In another possible implementation, the terminal device priority can be divided based on the terminal device type. For example, a display's device priority is higher than an audio device's device priority, and the audio device's device priority is higher than a microphone's device priority. In one possible implementation, for example, the plurality of terminals includes a first terminal with a first attribute and a second terminal with a second attribute. The first terminal corresponds to a first time-frequency sub-resource in the first time-frequency resource, and the second terminal corresponds to a second time-frequency sub-resource in the first time-frequency resource. The first terminal sends access information to the network control device in the first time-frequency sub-resource. Correspondingly, the network control device receives access information from the first terminal in the first time-frequency sub-resource. Similarly, the second terminal sends access information to the network control device in the second time-frequency sub-resource.Correspondingly, the network control apparatus receives the access information from the second terminal in the second time-frequency subresource. In another possible implementation, for example, the plurality of terminals includes a first terminal and a second terminal with a first attribute, and the first attribute corresponds to a first time-frequency sub-resource in the first time-frequency resource. In this case, the first terminal sends, in a second time-frequency resource in the first time-frequency sub-resource, the access information of the first terminal to the network control device. Correspondingly, the network control device receives the access information of the first terminal in the second time-frequency resource. Similarly, the second terminal sends, in a third time-frequency resource in the first time-frequency sub-resource, the access information of the second terminal to the network control device. Correspondingly, the network control device receives the access information of the second terminal in the third time-frequency resource. It should be noted that at least one of a time-domain resource or a frequency-domain resource in time-frequency subresources corresponding to terminals with different attributes is different. In other words, at least one of a time-domain resource or a frequency-domain resource in the first time-frequency subresource and in the second time-frequency subresource do not overlap. According to the access method provided in this application, the network control device configures different time-frequency subresources for terminals with different attributes, so that terminals with different attributes access the time-frequency subresources corresponding to their attributes. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts during access by terminals with different attributes and improve communication efficiency and resource utilization. It should be noted that a method in which the first terminal determines, in the first time-frequency sub-resource, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, refers to the previous method for determining, in the first time-frequency resource, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. The only difference is that the size of the resources of the first time-frequency resource is replaced by a resource size of the first time-frequency sub-resource. To avoid repetition, details are not described again herein. It should be noted that the descriptions provided above use only one example of a process where the first terminal in the at least one terminal implements the access method in this mode of this request. When the number of at least one terminals is greater than 1, a process where another terminal in the at least one terminal implements the access method in this mode of this request is similar to that of the first terminal. To avoid repetition, details are not described again herein. Optionally, the method may also include: The network control device determines that at least one first target terminal in the network successfully performs the access. Optionally, the network control device can determine, in a variety of ways, that at least one target terminal successfully establishes access. This is not limited to this application mode. In a first possible implementation, the network control device can determine, based on the access information of each of at least one terminal, that the first target terminal successfully performs the access. In a second possible implementation, the network control apparatus can determine, based on the access information of each of the at least one first target terminal, that the at least one first target terminal successfully performs the access. Optionally, the method further includes: The network control device sends indication information to at least one target terminal, where the indication information is used to indicate that the at least one target terminal successfully establishes access. Correspondingly, each of the at least one target terminals receives the indication information from the network control device and determines, based on the indication information, that access is successful. Optionally, the network control device may send the indication information to at least one target terminal in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, the network control device can send the indication information to each of at least one target terminal. In another possible implementation, the network control device can send a system broadcast message, where the system broadcast message includes the indication information. Optionally, the indication information may indicate, from a plurality of ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / ways, that at least one first target terminal successfully performs the access. This is not limited in this mode of this request. In a first possible implementation, the indication information may include third identity information of each of at least one first target terminal, and the third identity information of each first target terminal is used to indicate the first target terminal. It should be noted that the third identity information may include at least one of the following: a device identifier, a MAC address, a soft address, or a short address of the first target terminal. Optionally, the third identity information for the first target terminal can be the same as, or different from, the first identity information provided when requesting access. This is not limited in this request modality. For example, "at least one terminal" includes terminal 1, terminal 2, terminal 3, and terminal 4. When the indication information includes MAC 1, MAC 2, and MAC 3, it indicates that terminal 1 corresponding to MAC 1, terminal 2 corresponding to MAC 2, and terminal 3 corresponding to MAC 3 successfully access the network. In a second possible implementation, the indication information may include third identity information of each of at least one second target terminal, the third identity information of each second target terminal is used to indicate the second target terminal, and the at least one second target terminal is a terminal that does not perform the access on the at least one terminal. For example, "at least one terminal" includes a terminal 1, a terminal 2, a terminal 3, and a terminal 4. When the indication information includes MAC 2 and MAC 4, it indicates that terminal 2 corresponding to MAC 2 and terminal 4 corresponding to MAC 4 do not perform the access, and terminal 1 corresponding to MAC 1 and terminal 3 corresponding to MAC 3 perform the access successfully. Optionally, the method further includes: The network control device sends scheduling information to at least one first target terminal, where the scheduling information is used to designate a fourth time-frequency resource used for each of the at least one first target terminals. Correspondingly, each first target terminal receives the scheduling information from the network control device and transmits data with the network control device on the fourth time-frequency resource of the first target terminal. Optionally, the network control device can send programming information to at least one target terminal in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a first possible implementation, the network control apparatus can send programming information from each first target terminal to each first target terminal, where the programming information of each first target terminal is used to indicate the fourth time-frequency resource of each first target terminal. In a second possible implementation, the network control apparatus can send a system broadcast message, where the system broadcast message includes scheduling information, and the scheduling information is used to indicate the fourth time-frequency resource for each first target terminal. For example, scheduling information includes a correspondence between the identity information of each first target terminal and a fourth time-frequency resource of each first target terminal. In a third possible implementation, when the at least one target terminal includes a plurality of target terminals, the network control apparatus can program the plurality of target terminals by group. It should be noted that, to reduce signaling overloads, the network control apparatus can directly send programming information to at least one target terminal without sending indication information to the at least one target terminal. In other words, whenever the Programming Information is received, the first target terminal can determine that the first target terminal successfully performs the access. Optionally, at least one second target terminal that does not perform access in the at least one terminal in the second time-frequency resource can initiate access to the network control apparatus again. In one possible implementation, each of the at least two target terminals can send access information to the network control apparatus on a fifth time-frequency resource. Correspondingly, the network control apparatus receives access information from the at least two target terminals on the fifth time-frequency resource. Specifically, each second target terminal can send access information to the network control apparatus in a sixth time-frequency resource corresponding to each second target terminal, where the fifth time-frequency resource includes the sixth time-frequency resource corresponding to each of the plurality of second target terminals. Correspondingly, the network control apparatus receives access information from each second target terminal in the sixth time-frequency resource corresponding to each second target terminal. It should be noted that, for a process in which a second target terminal sends access information from the second target terminal to the network control apparatus in the sixth MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / time-frequency resource corresponding to the second target terminal, refers to the process in which the first terminal sends the access information of the first terminal to the network control device in the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. To avoid repetition, details are not described again herein. Optionally, the first time-frequency resource includes the fifth time-frequency resource, or the fifth time-frequency resource is different from the first time-frequency resource. In a first possible implementation, the first time-frequency resource may include a second time-frequency resource corresponding to each terminal and the fifth time-frequency resource. It should be noted that a start time of the fifth time-frequency resource in the time domain is not earlier than a completion time of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to each terminal in the time domain. In a second possible implementation, when at least two terminals in the plurality of terminals have different attributes, the first time-frequency resource can include a time-frequency subresource corresponding to a terminal with a different attribute and the fifth time-frequency resource. It should be noted that a start time of the fifth time-frequency resource in the time domain is not earlier than an end time of the time-frequency subresource corresponding to the terminal with the different attribute in the time domain. In conclusion, the first time-frequency resource can include two phases in the time domain. A first phase is used by a plurality of terminals to perform group or batch access, and a second phase is used by a terminal that did not perform the access in the first phase to perform the access again. In a third possible implementation, the fifth time-frequency resource is a time-frequency resource that is not the first time-frequency resource. It should be noted that a start time of the fifth time-frequency resource in the time domain is not earlier than an end time of the first time-frequency resource in the time domain. In conclusion, the first time-frequency resource is used by the plurality of terminals to perform group access or batch access, and the fifth time-frequency resource is used by the terminal that does not perform the access in the first time-frequency resource to perform the access again. Optionally, the second target terminal can determine the fifth time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / In one possible implementation, the resource configuration information is also used to configure the fifth time-frequency resource to be used by at least a second target terminal to perform the access again. In another possible implementation, the network control apparatus can send fourth access configuration information to at least a second target terminal, where the fourth access configuration information is used to indicate the fifth time-frequency resource. According to the access method provided in this application, because the vehicle has just been powered on, there is no terminal access in the communications domain where the network control device is located; that is, there are no other terminals or services requiring attention on the system. Therefore, the network control device can calculate all available time-frequency resources within the current communications domain and use them for initial access, and then utilize all available time-frequency resources for group or batch access of the vehicle terminal.After initial access is complete, the vehicle enters the operational state, and subsequent access requests follow a random distribution. This means that random access is initiated after a service arrives randomly from a terminal (which may include the vehicle terminal and / or the non-vehicle terminal that performs / does not perform the initial access). Therefore, after the vehicle enters the operational state, the terminal subsequently requesting access can perform random access in scenario 1 above using the preconfigured time-frequency resource designated for random access. This can improve resource utilization and communication efficiency while meeting the access requirements of terminals in different access scenarios. According to a second aspect, one modality of this application further provides for an intelligent vehicle. The intelligent vehicle includes the communications system according to either of the first aspect or the possible implementations of the first aspect. According to a third aspect, one modality of this request further provides an access control method. The method is applied to a network control device, and the method includes the steps performed by the network control device in accordance with either of the first aspect or possible implementations of the first aspect. According to a fourth aspect, one form of this request further provides an access method. The method is applied to a terminal, and the method includes the steps performed by the terminal in accordance with either of the first aspect or possible implementations of the first aspect. According to a fifth aspect, one modality of this application further provides an access control apparatus. The apparatus includes a communications unit and a processing unit. The processing unit is configured to control the communications unit to send access configuration information, where the access configuration information is used to configure an access form for at least one terminal, and the access form includes either a first access form or a second access form. The processing unit is further configured to control the communications unit to receive access information from a first terminal, where the access information is used to request access, and the at least one terminal includes the first terminal. Optionally, the communications unit and the processing unit are further configured to implement the method performed by the network control apparatus in accordance with any possible implementation of the first aspect. According to a sixth aspect, one modality of this application further provides an access apparatus. The apparatus includes a communications unit and a processing unit. The processing unit is configured to control the communications unit to receive access configuration information from a network control apparatus, where the access configuration information is used to configure an access form for at least one terminal, and the access form includes either a first access form or a second access form. The processing unit is further configured to control, based on the access configuration information, the communications unit to send access information from a first terminal to the network control apparatus, where the access information is used to request access, and the at least one terminal includes the first terminal. Optionally, the communications unit and the processing unit are further configured to implement the method performed by the terminal in accordance with any possible implementation of the first aspect. According to a seventh aspect, one embodiment of this application further provides an access control apparatus. The apparatus includes at least one processor and a communications interface. The at least one processor and the communications interface communicate with each other via an internal connection path. The at least one processor is configured to invoke instructions from the communications interface and execute the instructions. When executing the instructions, the at least one processor implements the method performed by the network control apparatus in accordance with any of the first aspect or possible implementations of the first aspect. Optionally, the access control device may also include a memory, and the memory is configured to store the above instructions. In one possible implementation, the access control device can be a network control device, for example, a CDC. MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / According to an eighth aspect, one modality of this application further provides an access control apparatus. The apparatus includes a processor and a communications interface. The processor and the communications interface communicate with each other via an internal connection path. The processor is configured to invoke instructions from the communications interface and execute those instructions. When the instructions are executed, the processor implements the method performed by the terminal according to any of the first aspect or possible implementations of the first aspect. Optionally, the access device may also include a memory, and the memory is configured to store the previous instructions. In one possible implementation, the access control device can be a network control device, for example, a CDC. According to a ninth aspect, this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium configured to store a computer program. The computer program includes instructions used to implement the method performed by the network control apparatus or the method performed by the terminal in accordance with either of the first aspect or possible implementations of the first aspect. According to a tenth aspect, this application further provides a computer program product that includes instructions. The computer program product includes the instructions, and when the instructions are executed on a computer or processor, the computer or processor is activated to implement the method performed by the network control apparatus or the method performed by the terminal in accordance with any of the first aspect or possible implementations of the first aspect. According to an eleventh aspect, this application further provides a chip device, which includes a communications interface and at least one processor. The communications interface and the processor communicate with each other via an internal connection path. The processor is configured to invoke instructions from the communications interface and execute the instructions, and when the instructions are executed, the processor implements the method performed by the network control device or the method performed by the terminal in accordance with either of the first aspect or possible implementations of the first aspect. Optionally, the chip device may also include a memory, and the memory is configured to store the above instructions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIGURE 1 is a block diagram, schematic of a 100 communications system according to one modality of this application; FIGURE 2 is another schematic block diagram of a 100 communications system according to one modality of this application; FIGURE 3 is a schematic flowchart of a 200 access method according to one modality of this request; FIGURE 4 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 300 according to one modality of this application; FIGURE 5 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 400 according to one modality of this application; FIGURE 6 is a schematic block diagram of a 500 terminal according to one modality of this application; and FIGURE 7 is a schematic block diagram of a 600 chip according to one modality of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The following describes the technical solutions for this application with reference to the attached figures. Figure 1 is a block diagram, schematic of a communications system 100 according to one modality of this application. The communications system 100 includes at least one communications domain. Figure 1 shows a communications domain 110. The communications domain 110 includes a primary node 111 and at least one secondary node 112. It should be noted that the primary node 111 in this modality of this application indicates a device that can communicate with the secondary node 112 and has the ability to manage the secondary node 112 (for example, scheduling a resource for the secondary node 112). It should also be noted that the secondary node 112 in this modality of this request indicates a device that can follow the management of the primary node 111 and has the ability to perform communication in the resource assigned by the primary node 111. Optionally, the 110 communications domain applies to a cab (also called a cabin) of a motor vehicle (e.g., a smart vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a digital vehicle). In one possible implementation, the primary node 111 can be a network control device, and the secondary node 112 can be a terminal. Optionally, the network control device may be in a plurality of forms. This is not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, the network control apparatus can be a standalone device. In another possible implementation, the network control device can be integrated into another device such as a function module or a chip device. It should be noted that the network control device in this modality of this application may also be called an access device or radio access network device. It may be an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB) in a long-term evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (GRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the access device may be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, an access device in a 5G network, a network device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), an access point (AP) in a wireless local area network (WLAN), a gNB in ​​a new radio (NR) system, or similar. This is not limited to this modality of this application. Optionally, the access device is a device in a radio access network (RAN), or a RAN node, that enables the terminal to access a wireless network. By way of example, and without limitation, the access network device can be a gNB, a transmission reception point (TRP), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a radio network controller (RNC), a NodeB (NodeB, NB), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a local base station (e.g., a local evolved NodeB or a local NodeB, HNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) access point (AP), or similar.In a network structure, the network device may include a centralized unit (CU) node or a distributed unit (DU) node, a RAN device that includes a CU node and a DU node, or a RAN device that includes a control plane CU node (CU-CP node), a user plane CU node (CU-UP node), and a DU node. Optionally, the terminal can be in a plurality of forms. This is not limited in this application form. In one possible implementation, the terminal can be a standalone device. In another possible implementation, the terminal can be integrated into another device such as a function module or a chip device. It should be noted that the terminal in this application can be a device that provides voice / data connectivity to a user, such as a portable device or a vehicle-mounted device with a wireless connection function. Currently, some examples of a terminal include a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palmtop computer, a mobile internet device (MID), a wearable device, and a virtual reality device. ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / virtual (virtual reality, VR), an augmented reality (AR) device, a self-driving wireless terminal, a cell phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device with a wireless communication function, a computing device, a vehicular device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5G network, and a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN). This is not limited to this modality of this application. It should also be noted that the term "wearable device" can also be called a "wearable smart device" and is a general term for wearable devices such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes that are developed by applying technological advancements to smart, everyday designs. A wearable device is a portable device that can be worn directly on the body or integrated into a user's clothing or accessory. It should also be noted that, in this form of this application, the terminals are divided into a vehicle terminal and a non-vehicle terminal based on the relationships between the terminals and the cabin. The vehicle terminal, also called an on-board unit (OBU), refers to a device that is integrated into or installed within a vehicle's cabin and belongs to a part of that cabin, for example, a vehicle audio device, a vehicle microphone, or a vehicle display. Generally, the vehicle terminal is a device installed (factory-installed) in a vehicle by the vehicle manufacturer before delivery. A non-vehicle terminal refers to a device that is placed in the cabin domain and can communicate or connect with another device in the cabin domain, but does not belong to a part of the cabin, for example, a smart terminal, a tablet computer, a Bluetooth headset, or a user wearable device. In a possible implementation, the network control appliance in this modality of this application may be a cockpit domain controller (CDC), and the at least one terminal may include at least one of the vehicular terminal or the non-vehicular terminal. For example, the CDC can communicate with the vehicle display, the smart terminal, and the vehicle acoustic device. It should be noted that the vehicle manufacturer can integrate the CDC and at least one vehicle terminal into the vehicle, for example, in the vehicle's cabin domain, in a vehicle manufacturing process. In another possible implementation, the network control device in this modality of this application may be an intelligent terminal, and the at least one terminal may include at least one of the vehicular terminal or the non-vehicular terminal. For example, the smart terminal can communicate with the vehicle acoustic device, Bluetooth headphones, and vehicle microphone. Optionally, the network control device can communicate with the terminal in a variety of ways. This is not limited to the methods specified in this application. In one possible implementation, the network control device can communicate with the terminal in a wired manner. It should be noted that the wired method above may indicate implementing communication through a data cable connection or through an internal bus connection. In another possible implementation, the network control device can communicate with the terminal wirelessly. It should be noted that the aforementioned wireless method may indicate the implementation of communication over a communications network. This communications network could be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) relayed using a relay device, or a combination of both. For example, when the communications network is a LAN, it could be a Wi-Fi access point network, a Wi-Fi P2P network, a Bluetooth network, a ZigBee network, a near-field communication (NFC) network, or a potential future universal short-range communications network.For example, when the communications network is a wide area network, it could be a third-generation wireless telephone technology (3G) network, a fourth-generation mobile communication technology (4G) network, a fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) network, a PLMN, or the Internet. This is not limited to the scope of this application. It should be noted that FIGURE 1 shows only one example of communication domain 110, and communication system 100 may also include another communication domain. As shown in FIGURE 2, communication system 100 may also include a communication domain 120. Communication domain 120 includes a primary node 121 and at least one secondary node 122, and the primary node 121 and the at least one secondary node 122 can communicate with each other. It should be noted that the 110 communications domain can communicate with the 120 communications domain. For example, two primary nodes that belong to different communication domains can communicate with each other. Optionally, the communications domain 120 applies to a cab (also called a cabin) of a motor vehicle (e.g., a smart vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a digital vehicle). Optionally, communication domain 110 and communication domain 120 can belong to different domains within the same vehicle (or cab). For example, communication domain 110 could be an entertainment domain and communication domain 120 a driving domain. Alternatively, communication domain 110 and communication domain 120 can belong to different vehicles (cabins). This is not a limitation in this application. In an existing wireless communication system, a terminal accesses a network device using a conventional random access method, such as contention-based random access. Access requests follow a Poisson distribution due to the random arrival of terminals; that is, terminal access requests are approximately averaged over time. When terminals request random access, another terminal is already being served by the system. Therefore, most of the system's available time-frequency resources are used to maintain and guarantee service to the other terminal. Only a limited, fixed time-frequency resource is allocated for random access, and this limited time-frequency resource can only handle a very limited number of terminal accesses at a time. In a cockpit communications domain, there are two terminal access scenarios: Scenario 1: When a vehicle is first started, multiple vehicle terminals in a cabin initiate access requests to the CDC within a short time. This is a scenario where the terminals perform batch or group access. In scenario 1, when using conventional random access, the plurality of terminals performs contention-based random access on the fixed and limited time and frequency resource. This can generate a severe resource collision and cause an access failure. Scenario 2: After a vehicle is operating stably, a non-vehicle terminal needs to access a network, or a vehicle terminal's link is faulty and the vehicle terminal needs to access the network again. This is a terminal random access scenario. In scenario 2, when using conventional random access, the terminal needs to send a physical random access channel (PRACH) sequence to the CDC on the fixed and time-frequency-limited resource for request access. However, the complexity of parsing the PRACH is relatively high for the ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / CDC. In conclusion, the existing random access method cannot ensure reliable terminal communication because the terminal cannot access the network based on a terminal requirement in the different access scenarios mentioned above. The modalities of this application provide a method and access device to flexibly access a network based on a terminal requirement in different access scenarios. Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of access method 200 according to one modality of this request. Method 200 is applied to the communications system 100 shown in Figure 1, for example, communications domain 110 in communications system 100, and is applied to a vehicle cabin. S210: A network control appliance sends access configuration information, where the access configuration information is used to configure an access form for at least one terminal, and the access form includes either a first access form or a second access form. Correspondingly, each of the at least one terminal receives the access configuration information from the network control appliance. Optionally, the network control apparatus and at least one terminal each may be in a plurality of forms. This is not limited in this modality of this application. In a possible implementation, the network control apparatus may be a CDC in a cabin, the at least one terminal may be at least one vehicle terminal in the cabin, and a vehicle manufacturer integrates the CDC and the at least one vehicle terminal into a vehicle to which the cabin belongs. In another possible implementation, the network control apparatus may be a CDC in a booth, and the at least one terminal may include at least one of a vehicular terminal or a non-vehicular terminal in the booth. It should be noted that prior to S210, at least one terminal is in a non-connected state, i.e., none of the at least one terminal accesses a network or establishes a connection with the network control apparatus, or a connection established with the network control apparatus needs to be re-established after it is disconnected. It should also be noted that the disconnected state in this mode of this request may include a resting state, a dormant state, or an inactive state. It should be noted that at least one terminal can belong to at least one type of terminal. Optionally, the terminal type may include a first terminal type or a second terminal type. This is not limited in this application form. In a possible implementation, the first type of terminal can be a vehicle terminal type, and the second type of terminal can be a non-vehicle terminal type. For example, the vehicle terminal may include a vehicle speaker, a vehicle display, or a vehicle microphone. For another example, the non-vehicular terminal could include a smart terminal, a Bluetooth headset, or a tablet computer. Optionally, the first access form may include a contention-based access form or a random access form, and the first access form is used to indicate that access is permitted from terminals of the first terminal type and the second terminal type. Optionally, the second access form may include contention-free access, a group access form, or a batch access form, and the second access form is used to indicate that access is permitted from a terminal of only the first type of terminal. It should be noted that when the access method indicated by the access configuration information is the first access method, the terminal of the first terminal type and the terminal of the second terminal type access a pre-configured time resource using a random access method described later. The terminal must compete for this resource during the random access process. It should also be noted that when the access method indicated by the access configuration information is the second access method, the terminal of the first terminal type performs the access, either through a group access method or a batch access method described later, on a first time-frequency resource indicated by the network control device. The terminal does not need to compete for the resource in the group access or batch access process. Optionally, the access configuration information can be used to configure access in multiple ways. This is not limited to this application form. In a first possible implementation, the access configuration information may include at least one bit, and the at least one bit is used to configure the access method. In other words, the access configuration information can directly indicate the access method. For example, the at least one bit includes a bit. When the bit is 1, the at least one terminal is configured to use the first access method. When the bit is 0, the at least one terminal is configured to use the second access method. In a second possible implementation, the access configuration information may include first status information, where the first status information is used to indicate a status of the network control device, and the status of the network control device may indicate the access method of at least one terminal. In other words, the access configuration information can directly indicate the status of the network control device and indirectly indicate the access method of at least one terminal when using the status of the network control device. Optionally, the status of the network control device and the terminal access method can be in a one-to-one correspondence, or in a many-to-one relationship. This is not limited in this application. In a first possible implementation, the network control device can have a first state or a second state; the first state corresponds to the first access method, and the second state corresponds to the second access method. For example, the first state is a system readiness state, and the second state is a system operating state. When the vehicle has just been turned on, the CDC is in the system readiness state. In this state, only terminals of the first type are allowed access, and terminals of the second type are not; that is, the first state corresponds to the first access method. After the vehicle is running stably, the CDC is in the system operating state. In this state, both terminals of the first and second types are allowed access; that is, the second state corresponds to the second access method. In a second possible implementation, the state of the network control apparatus may include a first state, a second state, a third state or a fourth state, where the first state and the third state correspond to the first access form, and the second state and the fourth state correspond to the second access form. For example, the first state is a system readiness state, the second state is a system operation state, the third state is a state in which only the first type of terminal is allowed access, and the fourth state is a state in which both the first and second type of terminals are allowed access. When the vehicle has just been turned on, the CDC is in either the system readiness state or the state in which only the first type of terminal is allowed access. In both of these states, the CDC allows access only to the first type of terminal and does not allow access to the second type of terminal; that is, the first and third states correspond to the first access mode. After the vehicle is operating stably, the CDC is in either the system readiness state or the state in which both the first and second type of terminals are allowed access.In both states, the CDC allows access from the terminal of the first type and the terminal of the second type, that is, the second state and the fourth state correspond to the second form of access. Optionally, the network control device can send access configuration information in a variety of ways. This is not limited to this application. In a first possible implementation, the network control device can send the access configuration information to each of at least one terminal. In a second possible implementation, the network control appliance can send a multicast message, where the multicast message includes the access configuration information and a multicast address. It should be noted that the multicast address is an address of a group of terminals, and the group of terminals can identify and receive a message sent to this address. For example, the plurality of terminals includes terminal 1 and terminal 2. Terminal 1 and terminal 2 belong to a first group of terminals, and the multicast message sent by the network control apparatus includes resource configuration information and a multicast address for the first group of terminals. Consequently, terminal 1 and terminal 2 determine that they belong to the first group of terminals corresponding to the multicast address, and they receive the multicast message. Optionally, the multicast message may also include terminal count information, and the terminal count information is used to indicate a number of terminals corresponding to the multicast address. In a third possible implementation, the network control appliance can send a system broadcast message, where the system broadcast message includes the access configuration information. For example, the system broadcast message can be a master information block (MIB) message or a system information block (SIB) message. According to the access method provided in this application, the network control device includes the access configuration information in the multicast or broadcast message. This can reduce transmission delay and improve access efficiency. S220: A first terminal in at least one terminal sends access information from the first terminal to the network control apparatus based on the access configuration information, where the access information is used to request access. Correspondingly, the network control apparatus receives the access information from the first terminal. The following describes separately an S220 implementation process in two different scenarios. Scenario 1: The access form is the first access form (e.g., random access or contention-based access), the first access form indicates that access is allowed from the terminal of the first terminal type and the terminal of the second terminal type, and the first terminal belongs to either the first terminal type or the second terminal type. Optionally, in Scenario 1, S220 can include: The first terminal sends the access information from the first terminal to the network control device on the first preconfigured time-frequency resource of the first access method. Correspondingly, the network control device receives the access information from the first terminal on the first time-frequency resource. Before S220, the first terminal and network control apparatus need to first determine the first time-frequency resource. Optionally, the first terminal or network control device may determine the first time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a possible first implementation, the network control device can send initial resource configuration information to the first terminal in advance, where this initial resource configuration information is used to configure the first time-frequency resource. Correspondingly, the first terminal can receive the initial resource configuration information from the network control device and determine the first time-frequency resource based on this initial resource configuration information. In a second possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on the locations of the first time-frequency resource in the time domain and in the frequency domain. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control device can agree in advance on a rule for determining the location of the first time-frequency resource. The first terminal and the network control device can then determine the first time-frequency resource according to that rule. It should be noted that the first time-frequency resource is a preconfigured, limited, and fixed time-frequency resource. Specifically, the first time-frequency resource can occupy one time-domain resource unit (or time-domain length) with a fixed location and fixed size, and one frequency-domain resource unit (or frequency-domain bandwidth) with a fixed location and fixed size. It should also be noted that the time domain resource unit can be understood as a scheduling granularity in the time domain, for example, a minimum granularity, and the frequency domain resource unit can be understood as a scheduling granularity in the frequency domain. Specifically, the time-domain resource unit can be, but is not limited to, a slot or a frame, and the frame or slot includes several symbols. For example, the symbol is an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. The frequency-domain resource unit can be, but is not limited to, one or more subcarriers. For example, it is agreed in a communications protocol that the first time-frequency resource occupies two fixed symbols in each slot in the time domain, and occupies two fixed subcarriers in the system bandwidth in the frequency domain. As another example, it is agreed in a communications protocol that the first time-frequency resource occupies one or more fixed resource blocks in an available time-frequency resource of a system. Optionally, the access information for the first terminal can be represented in a variety of ways. This is not limited in this application form. In a possible implementation, the access information of the first terminal may include a first identifier, and the first identifier belongs to a preconfigured set of identifiers. In other words, the network control device and the first terminal can preconfigure the set of identifiers. When an identifier belonging to the set of identifiers is received, the network control device can determine that the identifier corresponds to a terminal requesting access. In another possible implementation, the access information of the first terminal may include a first address, and the first address belongs to a preconfigured set of addresses. In other words, the network control unit and the first terminal can preconfigure the address pool. When an address belonging to the address pool is received, the network control unit can determine that the address corresponds to a terminal requesting access. For example, the address set preconfigured by the network control appliance and the first terminal includes addresses 1 through 64. The terminal randomly selects an address from the address set, for example, address 3, and sends access information to the network control appliance in the first preconfigured time-frequency resource, where the access information includes address 3. Correspondingly, MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / The network control apparatus receives, in the first time-frequency resource, the access information from the first terminal; and determines, based on address 3 in the access information, that a terminal requests access. Optionally, the first terminal can preconfigure the identifier set (or address set) in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application mode. In a first possible implementation, the set of identifiers (or the set of addresses) can be predefined in a communications protocol, and the first terminal and the network control apparatus can determine the set of identifiers (or the set of addresses) based on the communications protocol. In a second possible implementation, the network control device can send initial configuration information to the first terminal in advance, where this initial configuration information is used to configure the identifier set (or address set). Correspondingly, the first terminal receives the initial configuration information from the network control device and configures the identifier set (or address set) based on this initial configuration information. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on the set of identifiers (or the set of addresses). It should be noted that, in an existing random access method, a terminal needs to send a PRACH sequence to a network at a fixed and limited time and frequency to request access. Because a PRACH is a signal, the analysis complexity for a network device is relatively high. According to the access method provided in this application mode, the first terminal sends access information to the network control apparatus instead of a PRACH request, where the access information pertains to data. This can reduce the complexity of analysis for the network control apparatus and improve communication efficiency. Because the access information of the first terminal is used to request access, the network control device can only know, based on the access information, that a terminal is requesting access, but the network control device does not know the terminal's actual identity. Therefore, the network control device needs to determine the actual identity of the terminal requesting access. Optionally, the method may also include: The network control appliance sends an identity information request to the first terminal based on the first terminal's access information, where the identity information request is used to request MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / first identity information, and the first identity information is used to identify the first terminal. Accordingly, the first terminal receives the identity information request from the network control apparatus and sends the first identity information to the network control apparatus based on the identity information request. Correspondingly, the network control apparatus receives the first identity information from the first terminal. Optionally, the identity information request can be used to indicate that the network control appliance requests the first identity information, and the identity information request includes identity information of the network control appliance. It should be noted that the network control device's identity information can be understood as information that uniquely identifies the network control device within a communications domain in which it is located. The first terminal's identity information can be understood as information that uniquely identifies the terminal within a communications domain in which it is located. Optionally, the identity information (for example, the network control appliance identity information or the first terminal identity information) in this form of this application may include at least one of the following: a device identifier, a MAC address, a soft address, or a short address. It should be noted that the device identifier is a string of digits or a serial number that can uniquely identify the terminal, for example, an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) or a Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID). It should also be noted that the MAC address is an address used at a media access layer, and is also known as a physical address, or a hardware address. It should also be noted that the soft address can be an address assigned by the network control apparatus to the first terminal during the terminal's previous access and that can uniquely identify the terminal in the communications domain. It should also be noted that the short address can be an address obtained based on a part of at least one of the device identifier, the MAC address, or the soft address. For example, the network control appliance can generate the short address by using the 10 least significant bits of any of the above addresses of the first terminal, and the generated short address can uniquely identify the first terminal in the domain of MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / communications. In one possible implementation, for example, the identity information is a device identification code. The network control apparatus and the first terminal can agree in advance on a device identification code encoding rule; that is, agree in advance that different fields in the device identification code have different meanings, and obtain the identity information of the network control apparatus by analyzing some or all of the fields. Optionally, the identity information may include at least one field. The network control device and the first terminal may define the meanings of different fields in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a possible implementation, the identity information may include a first field, and the first field is used to indicate a device type. For example, the first field includes two bits. 00 indicates a CDC, 01 indicates a vehicle terminal, and 10 indicates a non-vehicle terminal. In another possible implementation, the identity information may include a second field, and the second field is used to indicate a device function. For example, the second field includes one bit. 1 indicates a primary node and 0 indicates a secondary node. In yet another possible implementation, the identity information may include a third field, and the third field is used to indicate a device number. For example, the third field includes three bits. 010 indicates that the number is 2, 100 indicates that the number is 4, and 111 indicates that the number is 7. Optionally, the identity information request may also include second resource configuration information, where the second resource configuration information is used to configure a time-frequency resource used for the first identity information. Correspondingly, the first terminal may send the first identity information to the network control device on the time-frequency resource specified by the second resource configuration information. It should be noted that, after receiving the first identity information, the network control apparatus can establish a correspondence between the first identity information and the first address, i.e., determine the real identity of the first terminal. In other words, if the network control device successfully obtains the first identity information through analysis, the first terminal successfully gains access. Optionally, when it is determined that the first terminal successfully establishes access, the network control device can send scheduling information to the first terminal, where the scheduling information is used to indicate a time-frequency resource. MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / which will be used by the first terminal to transmit data. Correspondingly, the first terminal receives the programming information from the network control device and transmits data with the network control device on the time-frequency resource indicated by the programming information. Optionally, before the network control device sends the programming information to the first terminal, the network control device can send first indication information to the first terminal, where the first indication information is used to indicate that the first terminal successfully performs the access. It should be noted that the programming information can also be used to indicate that the first terminal successfully accesses the network. In other words, the network control device does not need to separately send the first indication information to show that the first terminal successfully accesses the network; the first terminal can determine that it has successfully accessed the network simply by receiving the programming information. It should also be noted that if the network control apparatus fails to obtain the first identity information through analysis, for example, it does not obtain the first identity information because the network control apparatus fails to obtain the access information of the first terminal through analysis, the first terminal does not perform the access. Optionally, when it is determined that the first terminal fails to access, the network control device can send a second indication message to the first terminal. This second indication message serves to confirm the failure. The first terminal can then receive this second indication message from the network control device and initiate random access again to the first time-frequency resource based on this second indication message. It should be noted that a process in which the first terminal performs the access again is similar to the process in method 200. To avoid repetition, details are not described again herein. Optionally, after determining that the first terminal successfully establishes access, to avoid an address (or identifier) ​​conflict caused by the first terminal and another terminal requesting access selecting the same address in the address set (or the same identifier in the identifier set), the network control apparatus may reassign a new address not in the address set (or a new identifier not in the identifier set) to the first terminal, and perform subsequent data transmission based on the new address (or the new identifier). ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / In a first possible implementation, the network control apparatus can send address information to the first terminal, where the address information is used to indicate that the first address is updated to a second address, the address information carries the second address, and the second address does not belong to the address set. Accordingly, the first terminal can receive address information from the network control device and update the first address to the second address based on the address information. In a second possible implementation, the network control apparatus can send identifier information to the first terminal, where the identifier information is used to indicate that the first identifier is updated to a second identifier, the identifier information carries the second identifier, and the second identifier does not belong to the set of identifiers. Accordingly, the first terminal can receive the identifier information from the network control device and update the first identifier to the second identifier based on the identifier information. The following goes on to describe an S220 implementation process in Scenario 2. It should be noted that the implementation process in the above Scenario 1 and the implementation process in the following Scenario 2 are independent of each other. Scenario 2: The access form is the second access form (e.g., group access, batch access, or contention-free access). The second access form indicates that access is allowed from the terminal of only the first terminal type, and the first terminal is the terminal of the first terminal type. Optionally, the access configuration information is also used to configure the first time-frequency resource to be used by at least one terminal to perform access in the second access mode. Optionally, in Scenario 2, S220 can include: The first terminal sends access information to the network control device on the first time-frequency resource of the second access method. Correspondingly, the network control device receives access information from the first terminal on the second time-frequency resource. Optionally, before S210, the network control device needs to first determine the first time-frequency resource. In one possible implementation, the first time-frequency resource is an available time-frequency resource within the communications domain where the network control device is located. Compared to a preconfigured, fixed, limited time-frequency resource of an existing random access method, the available time-frequency resource can provide more sufficient resources to accommodate group access from multiple terminals. For example, the first time-frequency resource may include all available time-frequency resources in the communications domain where the network control apparatus is located. It should be noted that all available time-frequency resources in this application mode can be referred to as all available time-frequency resources for initial access. Furthermore, all time-frequency resources occupy at least one time-domain resource unit (or one first-time domain length) and at least one frequency-domain resource unit (or one first-time frequency-domain bandwidth). Because there is no access to the vehicle device when it has just been powered on, all available time-frequency resources can be used as access resources. Optionally, the at least one time-domain resource unit (or first-time domain length) can be consecutive or discrete, or the at least one frequency-domain resource unit (or first-time frequency-domain bandwidth) can be consecutive or discrete. This is not limited in this application. It should be noted that all available time-frequency resources or all time-frequency resources used for initial access are all time-frequency resources available in the communications domain that are used to transmit data, i.e., time-frequency resources of a data channel. Optionally, time domain resources in all time-frequency resources used for initial access can have a limited length. In one possible implementation, after the plurality of terminals completes initial access to all time-frequency resources used for initial access, the network control apparatus can send a system broadcast message to indicate that initial access is complete. Consequently, a subsequent terminal with an access requirement performs random access to the preconfigured time-frequency-limited resource used for random access, according to the existing random access method. It should also be noted that all available time-frequency resources or all time-frequency resources used for initial access do not include a symbol time-frequency resource (for example, a symbol carrying a pilot signal, a synchronization signal, a control signal, or a broadcast signal) that is available in the communications domain and is used to carry the system control plane overloads. In other words, all available time-frequency resources or all time-frequency resources used for initial access do not include any time-frequency resource used for control information or a control signal. Control information herein may include control signaling used to schedule data, such as broadcast channel information and data feedback information. The control signal herein may include a synchronization signal, an access channel signal, an SRS, a DMRS, or similar signals. In the access method provided in this application, under the group or batch access scenario, because the vehicle has just been powered on, there is no terminal access in the communications domain where the network control device is located. The network control device can calculate or determine all available time-frequency resources in the current communications domain and allocate all these resources to the terminals for group or batch access. This can fulfill a group or batch access requirement and reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts occurring during access by multiple terminals. Optionally, the network control device can determine the first time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, for example, the network control device and at least one terminal belong to a first communication domain. The network control device can receive a broadcast message sent by a second network control device in a second communication domain, where the broadcast message is used to indicate all the time-frequency resources occupied by the second communication domain. The network control device can determine the first time-frequency resource based on all the time-frequency resources occupied by the second communication domain. Optionally, the first and second communication domains can belong to the same booth or different booths. This is not limited in this application form. It should be noted that one way in which the network control apparatus determines the first time-frequency resource is described above using only one example where the network control apparatus determines the first time-frequency resource based on all the time-frequency resources occupied by the second communication domain. However, this application is not limited to this method. Optionally, the network control device can determine the first time-frequency resource based on all time-frequency resources occupied by a plurality of communication domains. The plurality of communication domains includes the second communication domain. This is not limited in this application. In another possible implementation, the network control device can obtain the first time-frequency resource by using a higher-layer network device, and the higher-layer network device can calculate and allocate, to each network control device, all available time-frequency resources within a communications domain in which the network control device is located. Optionally, the network control device receives indication information from another network device, where the indication information is used to indicate the first time-frequency resource. For example, the network control appliance is an access network device. The network control appliance can send a resource request to a central network device, where the resource request is used to request all time-frequency resources currently available to the network control appliance; and receive resource information sent by the central network device, where the resource information is used to indicate the first time-frequency resource. According to the access method provided in this application, in the group or batch access scenario, because the vehicle has just been powered on, there is no terminal access in the communications domain where the network control device is located; that is, there are no other terminals or services requiring attention on the system. Therefore, the network control device can calculate all available time-frequency resources in the current communications domain and use them for group or batch terminal access. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts during terminal access and improve communication efficiency and resource utilization. Optionally, the access information can be carried in an access message, where the access message is obtained by performing modulation and encoding on the access information using predefined modulation and encoding information and modulation and encoding information includes at least one of a modulation and encoding scheme, a channel encoding scheme and a bit rate. Accordingly, the network control device can decode the access message based on the preconfigured modulation and encoding information, to obtain the access information. Optionally, the network control apparatus and the first terminal can obtain the modulation and encoding information in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a first possible implementation, the modulation and encoding information can be preconfigured in a communications protocol, and the first terminal and network control apparatus can determine the modulation and encoding information based on the communications protocol. In a second possible implementation, the network control device can send initial configuration information to the first terminal in advance. This initial configuration information is then used to configure the modulation and encoding information. Correspondingly, the first terminal receives this initial configuration information from the network control device and configures its modulation and encoding information accordingly. Optionally, the access configuration information and the initial configuration information can be carried in the same message, or they can be carried in separate messages. This is not limited in this request format. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on the modulation and encoding information. Optionally, the access information for the first terminal may include at least one of the first identity or status information. This is not limited in this application form. It should be noted that the first identity information can be understood as information that can uniquely identify the identity of the first terminal in the communications domain in which the first terminal is located. Optionally, the identity information (for example, the first identity information) in this form of this application may include at least one of the following: a device identifier, a MAC address, a soft address, or a short address. For example, the first identity information may include a MAC address or include a MAC address + a device identifier. It should be noted that the short address can be an address obtained by truncating a part of the device identifier, the MAC address, and the soft address. For example, the network control appliance can generate the short address by truncating the 10 least significant bits from any of the above addresses of the first terminal, and the generated short address can uniquely identify the first terminal in the communications domain. Optionally, the identity information (for example, the first identity information) in this form of this request may include at least one field. The network control apparatus and the first terminal may define the meanings of different fields in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this form of this request. In a possible implementation, the identity information may include a first field, and the first field is used to indicate a device type. For example, the first field includes two bits. 00 indicates a CDC, 01 indicates a vehicle terminal, and 10 indicates a non-vehicle terminal. In another possible implementation, the identity information may include a second field, and the second field is used to indicate a device function. For example, the second field includes one bit. 1 indicates a primary node and 0 indicates a secondary node. In yet another possible implementation, the identity information may include a third field, and the third field is used to indicate a device number. For example, the third field includes three bits. 010 indicates that the number is 2, 100 indicates that the number is 4, and 111 indicates that the number is 7. It should be noted that status information can be understood as information that can indicate a current state of the first terminal. Optionally, the first terminal can include a first state or a second state. For example, the first state may be a normal state, and the second state may be an abnormal state. Optionally, when the status information indicates that the status of the first terminal is the abnormal state, the status information may also include exception indication information, and the exception indication information is used to indicate a cause of exception for the first terminal. Optionally, the status information can indicate the status of the first terminal in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, the status information can include at least one bit, and the status information can indicate the current state of the first terminal by using at least one bit. For example, the status information includes a bit. When the bit is 1, it indicates the normal state. When the bit is 0, it indicates the abnormal state. In another possible implementation, the status information may include exception indication information, and the exception indication information is used to indicate that the status of the first terminal is the abnormal state and to indicate the cause of the exception. It should be noted that, because a terminal may be in an abnormal state after being powered on, for example, due to a device failure, a line failure, or a network failure, the network control apparatus may agree with at least one terminal in advance that only one terminal (for example, the first terminal) in the normal state reports information MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / of access to the network control apparatus, and the terminal in the abnormal state does not need to report access information. Optionally, the first terminal may send access information to the network control device on the first time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a first possible implementation, the first terminal can send the access information of the first terminal to the network control apparatus in the first time-frequency resource manner of the contention-based resource. Because the first time-frequency resource represents all available time-frequency resources in the communications domain where the network control apparatus is located, a resource size of the first time-frequency resource is more sufficient than a preconfigured limited time-frequency resource size used for random access in the existing contention-based random access method. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts during terminal access and improve communication efficiency and resource utilization. In a second possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, from the first time-frequency resource, a second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. The first terminal sends its access information to the network control device in the second time-frequency resource. It should be noted that the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal in this modality of this request can be understood as a time-frequency resource used by the first terminal to report access information. Optionally, when the at least one terminal is a plurality of terminals, the first time-frequency resource includes time-frequency resources used for each of the plurality of terminals to report access information. It should be noted that the time-frequency resources used for each of the plurality of terminals to report access information are orthogonal to each other. For example, the first time-frequency resource, a second time-frequency resource used to report access information for the first terminal, and a third time-frequency resource used to report access information for a second terminal are orthogonal to each other. In other words, the time-frequency resources used by any two of the plurality of terminals to report access information do not overlap with each other in the time or frequency domain. For example, when the plurality of terminals includes the first terminal and the second terminal, the first time-frequency resource may include the second time-frequency resource used by the first terminal to report access information and the third time-frequency resource used by the second terminal to report access information, and the second time-frequency resource and the third time-frequency resource do not overlap with each other, or the second time-frequency resource and the third time-frequency resource do not overlap with each other in the time or frequency domain. According to the access method provided in this application, the time-frequency resources used by each of the multiple terminals to report access information are orthogonal to each other. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts during terminal access and improve communication efficiency and resource utilization. Optionally, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal can be specified by at least one of the following: second identity information of the first terminal, a resource size for the first time-frequency resource, a resource size for the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, or at least a preconfigured value. This is not limited in this application mode. It should be noted that the second identity information of the first terminal can be understood as information that can uniquely identify the identity of the terminal in the communications domain in which the first terminal is located. Optionally, the second identity information may include at least one of the following: a device identifier, a MAC address, a soft address, or a short address. Optionally, the first identity information and the second identity information for the first terminal can be the same or different. This is not limited in this application form. For example, the first identity information may include a MAC address and the second identity information may include a soft address. For another example, the first identity information may include a MAC address + a device identifier, and the second identity information may include a soft address. Optionally, the resource size of the time-frequency resource (for example, the resource size of the first time-frequency resource or the resource size of the second time-frequency resource) in this mode of this request can represent any of the following meanings: a number of resource elements (RE) included in the time-frequency resource, a number of channels included in the time-frequency resource, a number of time-domain resource units, and a ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / quantity of frequency domain resource units included in the time-frequency resource, or a time-domain length and frequency-domain bandwidth of the time-frequency resource. However, a person skilled in the art may learn that the above meanings are used merely as examples for description, and do not limit a meaning of a resource size. Optionally, the first terminal can determine, in a plurality of ways, the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. This is not limited in this application. In a possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, based on modulation and encoding information and a size of access information, the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. In a second possible implementation, prior to S220, the first terminal can receive second configuration information from the network control device, where the second configuration information is used to configure the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. Optionally, the access configuration information and the second configuration information can be carried in the same message, or they can be carried in different messages. This is not limited in this mode of this request. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. It should be noted that at least one preconfigured value may be a preconfigured value used to determine a second time-frequency resource corresponding to each terminal. In one possible implementation, the at least one value may include a first value, and the first value is used to indicate a number of terminals. For example, the number of terminals can indicate a number of terminals in a group corresponding to a multicast address. As another example, the number of terminals can be a number of terminals that make an incoming call through the network control appliance based on the resource configuration information. Optionally, at least one value can be preconfigured for the terminal in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application mode. In a first possible implementation, the at least one value can be preconfigured in a communications protocol, and the first terminal can obtain the at least one value based on the communications protocol. ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / In a second possible implementation, prior to S220, the first terminal can receive third configuration information from the network control device, where the third configuration information is used to configure the at least one value. Optionally, the access configuration information and the third configuration information can be carried in the same message, or they can be carried in different messages. This is not limited in this mode of this request. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal and the network control apparatus can agree in advance on at least one value. Optionally, the first terminal can determine, from the first time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. This is not limited in this modality of this application. In a first possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, based on the resource size of the first time-frequency resource and the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. For example, the first terminal can determine, based on the resource size Ni of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal and the resource size N of the first time-frequency resource, a number of pieces of access information that can be reported in the first time-frequency resource: Nu=|N / Ni] ([ ] represents rounding down). The first terminal randomly generates an integer M from [0, Nu-1 ] or [1, Nu], and determines a first resource block numbered M in the resource Nublocks included in the first time-frequency resource as the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. It should be noted that, because the network control unit and the first terminal can be produced by the same vehicle manufacturer, before the vehicle is delivered from the factory, related information (e.g., the second identity information of the first terminal, the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, and at least one value) is used to determine the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. A calculation rule for the second time-frequency resource can then be pre-configured for the network control unit. Therefore, the network control unit does not need to perform additional signaling interaction with the first terminal to obtain the related information required to determine the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal.This can reduce signaling overloads, decrease access delay, and improve communication efficiency. It should also be noted that the network control apparatus and the first terminal can agree in advance on a division rule and a number rule for the Nu resource blocks, and the network control apparatus and the first terminal can determine a number and resource size for each of the Nu resource blocks according to the number rule and the division rule. In other words, the network control apparatus and the first terminal can determine, using a similar method, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. However, in the first possible implementation described above, because M is a random number selected by the first terminal, the network control device cannot know which random number is selected by the first terminal. Therefore, the network control device needs to receive, at the first time-frequency resource, the access information reported by the first terminal. When the number of terminals reporting access information to the network control apparatus is much lower than Nu, the previous method of randomly selecting the resource block can ensure that different terminals select different resource blocks to send access information. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts, decrease access latency, and improve communication efficiency. In a second possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, based on the resource size of the first time-frequency resource, the resource size of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, and the second identity information of the first terminal, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. For example, the second identity information includes a media access control (MAC) address. The first terminal can determine, based on the resource size Ni of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal and the resource size N of the first time-frequency resource, a number of pieces of access information that can be reported in the first time-frequency resource: Nu = [N / Ni] ([ ] represents rounding down). The first terminal can perform a modulo operation on the MAC address and Nu to obtain an integer M, and determine a first resource block numbered M within the resource blocks included in the first time-frequency resource as the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. According to the above method for selecting the resource block when using the MAC address, because the MAC address of the first terminal is preconfigured for the network control device, the network control device can directly use the address The MAC address is pre-configured to select the resource block corresponding to the first terminal, and it does not need to perform signaling interaction with the first terminal to obtain the MAC address. This can reduce access delay and improve communication efficiency. As another example, the second identity information includes a soft address. The first terminal can determine, based on the resource size Ni of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal and the resource size N of the first time-frequency resource, a number of pieces of access information that can be reported in the first time-frequency resource: Nu=|N / Ni] ([ ] represents rounding down). The first terminal can perform a modulo operation on the soft address and Nu to obtain an integer M, and determine a first resource block numbered M in the resource blocks included in the first time-frequency resource as the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. According to the previous method for selecting the resource block using soft addressing, the soft address of each terminal and the resource size of the first time-frequency resource are flexibly configured. This can effectively stagger the time-frequency resources used by different terminals to report access information, ensuring that the time-frequency resources used by different terminals do not overlap, reducing the likelihood of resource conflicts during terminal access, and improving communication efficiency and resource utilization. In a third possible implementation, the first terminal can determine, based on the second identity information of the first terminal and the first value, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, where the at least one value includes the first value. For example, the second piece of identity information includes a MAC address. The first terminal can perform a modulo operation on the MAC address and the first value to obtain an integer M, and determine a first resource block numbered M in resource blocks, with a quantity of first value, included in the first time-frequency resource as the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. Correspondingly, in the second or third possible implementation above, the network control device can determine M based on the preconfigured related information used to determine the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. Therefore, the network control device receiving access information from the first terminal at the first time-frequency resource may include: The network control device receives access information from the first terminal at the MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. According to the resource block selection method described above, because the second identity information for each terminal is preconfigured for the network control device, the first value can be appropriately set to effectively stagger the time-frequency resources used by different terminals to report access information. This ensures that the time-frequency resources used by different terminals to report access information do not overlap. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts during terminal access and improve communication efficiency and resource utilization. Optionally, when the number of at least one terminal is greater than 1, at least two terminals in the plurality of terminals may have different attributes, and the network control apparatus may configure, using the resource configuration information, different sub-resources for terminals with different attributes, where the first time-frequency resource includes the sub-resources corresponding to the terminals with different attributes. Optionally, the attribute may include at least one of a device type, a multicast address, or a device priority. Specifically, the device type may include a microphone type, an acoustic device type, a display type, and the like. The device type is not specifically limited in this application. It should be noted that the fact that the multicast addresses of the terminals are different can be understood as the terminals belonging to different terminal groups. Optionally, the terminal device priority can be divided in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application form. In one possible implementation, the device priority can be divided based on the terminal's location area in the cabin. For example, a device priority for a terminal located in a front-row seating area is higher than a device priority for a terminal located in a second-row seating area. In another possible implementation, the terminal device priority can be divided based on the terminal device type. For example, a display's device priority is higher than an audio device's device priority, and the audio device's device priority is higher than a microphone's device priority. Optionally, the network control device can configure the different time-frequency subresources for terminals with different attributes in the following several ways. For example, the attribute includes a device type and the plurality of terminals includes a microphone 1, a microphone 2, and a screen 1. In this case, microphone 1 and microphone 2 correspond to a time-frequency subresource 1, and screen 1 corresponds to a time-frequency subresource 2. The first time-frequency resource includes time-frequency subresource 1 and time-frequency subresource 2. For another example, the attribute includes a device type and a device priority, and the plurality of terminals might include Acoustic Device 1, Acoustic Device 2, Acoustic Device 3, Screen 1, and Screen 2 located in a front-row seating area, and Acoustic Device 4 and Acoustic Device 5 located in a second-row seating area. In this case, Acoustic Device 1, Acoustic Device 2, and Acoustic Device 3 correspond to Time-Frequency Sub-resource 1, Screen 1 and Screen 2 correspond to Time-Frequency Sub-resource 2, and Acoustic Device 4 and Acoustic Device 5 correspond to Time-Frequency Sub-resource 3. The first Time-Frequency Sub-resource includes Time-Frequency Sub-resource 1, Time-Frequency Sub-resource 2, and Time-Frequency Sub-resource 3. For another example, the attribute includes a device type, a multicast address, and a device priority. The plurality of terminals might include Acoustic Device 1, Acoustic Device 2, Acoustic Device 3, Acoustic Device 4, and Display 1 located in a front-row seating area, and Acoustic Device 5 and Display 2 located in a second-row seating area. For example, Acoustic Device 1, Acoustic Device 2, and Display 1 belong to a first group of terminals, and Acoustic Device 3, Acoustic Device 4, Acoustic Device 5, and Display 2 belong to a second group of terminals.In this case, acoustic device 1, acoustic device 2 and screen 1 correspond to a time-frequency sub-resource 1, acoustic device 4 corresponds to a time-frequency sub-resource 2, and acoustic device 5 and screen 2 correspond to a time-frequency sub-resource 3. The first time-frequency resource includes time-frequency sub-resource 1, time-frequency sub-resource 2 and time-frequency sub-resource 3. In other words, the first time-frequency resource can include at least two time-frequency subresources, the at least two time-frequency subresources are in a one-to-one correspondence with at least two attributes, and each time-frequency subresource is used for access by at least one terminal with an attribute corresponding to the time-frequency subresource. In other words, terminals with different attributes access time-frequency subresources corresponding to the attributes to which the terminals belong. At least one terminal with the same attribute accesses a time-frequency subresource corresponding to that attribute, and the time-frequency subresource used for access by the at least one terminal with the same attribute includes a time-frequency resource used by each of the at least one terminals to report access information. In one possible implementation, for example, the plurality of terminals includes a first terminal with a first attribute and a second terminal with a second attribute. The first terminal corresponds to a first time-frequency subresource in the first time-frequency resource, and the second terminal corresponds to a second time-frequency subresource in the first time-frequency resource. S220 can be as follows: The first terminal sends access information to the network control device in the first time-frequency subresource. Correspondingly, the network control device receives access information from the first terminal in the first time-frequency subresource. Similarly, the second terminal sends access information to the network control device in the second time-frequency subresource.Correspondingly, the network control apparatus receives the access information from the second terminal in the second time-frequency subresource. In another possible implementation, for example, the plurality of terminals includes a first terminal and a second terminal with a first attribute, and the first attribute corresponds to a first time-frequency sub-resource in the first time-frequency resource. S220 can be as follows: The first terminal sends, in a second time-frequency resource in the first time-frequency sub-resource, the access information of the first terminal to the network control device. Correspondingly, the network control device receives the access information of the first terminal in the second time-frequency resource. Similarly, the second terminal sends, in a third time-frequency resource in the first time-frequency sub-resource, the access information of the second terminal to the network control device. Correspondingly, the network control device receives the access information of the second terminal in the third time-frequency resource. It should be noted that at least one of a time-domain resource or a frequency-domain resource in time-frequency subresources corresponding to terminals with different attributes is different. In other words, at least one of a time-domain resource or a frequency-domain resource in the first time-frequency subresource and in the second time-frequency subresource do not overlap. According to the access method provided in this application, the network control device configures different time-frequency subresources for terminals with different attributes, so that terminals with different attributes access the time-frequency subresources corresponding to their attributes. This can reduce the likelihood of resource conflicts during access by terminals with different attributes and improve communication efficiency and resource utilization. It should be noted that a method in which the first terminal determines, in the first time-frequency sub-resource, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, refers to the previous method for determining, in the first time-frequency resource, the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. The only difference is that the size of the resources of the first time-frequency resource is replaced by a resource size of the first time-frequency sub-resource. To avoid repetition, details are not described again herein. It should be noted that S220 is described above using only the first terminal in the at least one terminal as an example. When the number of at least one terminals is greater than 1, a process in which another terminal in the plurality of terminals implements S220 is similar to the first terminal. To avoid repetition, details are not described again here. Optionally, the method may also include: The network control device determines that at least one first target terminal in the network successfully performs the access. Optionally, the network control device can determine, in a variety of ways, that at least one target terminal successfully establishes access. This is not limited to this application mode. In a first possible implementation, the network control device can determine, based on the access information of each of at least one terminal, that the first target terminal successfully performs the access. In other words, the network control device successfully obtains access information from each of at least one terminal through analysis. For example, at least one terminal includes a terminal 1 and a terminal 2. If the network control device successfully obtains a state 1-abnormal MAC address and a state 2-normal MAC address through analysis, it can be determined that terminal 2 corresponding to MAC address 2 successfully performs the access. For another example, the at least one terminal includes a terminal 1 and a terminal 2. If the network control appliance successfully obtains a normal state from MAC address 1 and a normal state from MAC address 2 through analysis, it can be determined that the terminal corresponding to MAC address 1 and the terminal 2 corresponding to MAC address 2 successfully perform the access. For another example, the at least one terminal includes a terminal 1 and a terminal 2. If the network control device successfully obtains a MAC address 1 and a MAC address 2 through analysis, it can be determined that the terminal corresponding to MAC address 1 and the terminal 2 corresponding to MAC address 2 successfully perform the access. For another example, the at least one terminal includes a terminal 1 and a terminal 2. If the access information received by the network control apparatus in a resource block 1 indicates a normal state, and the access information received in a resource block 2 indicates a normal state, it can be determined that terminal 1 corresponding to resource block 1 and terminal 2 corresponding to resource block 2 successfully perform the access. In a second possible implementation, the network control apparatus can determine, based on the access information of each of the at least one first target terminal, that the at least one first target terminal successfully performs the access. For example, if terminal 1 and terminal 2 select the same resource block and send their respective access information, the network control device may successfully decode the access information from only one terminal, or it may not decode the access information at all, or it may not receive any access information. In this way, only the terminal corresponding to the access information successfully decoded by the network control device will be able to successfully access the resource. Optionally, the method further includes: The network control device sends indication information to at least one target terminal, where the indication information is used to indicate that the at least one target terminal successfully establishes access. Correspondingly, each of the at least one target terminals receives the indication information from the network control device and determines, based on the indication information, that access is successful. Optionally, the network control device may send the indication information to at least one target terminal in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, the network control device can send the indication information to each of at least one target terminal. In another possible implementation, the network control device can send a system broadcast message, where the system broadcast message includes the indication information. Optionally, the indication information can show, in a plurality of ways, that at least one target terminal successfully establishes access. This does not MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / is limited in this modality of this application. In a first possible implementation, the indication information may include third identity information of each of at least one first target terminal, and the third identity information of each first target terminal is used to indicate the first target terminal. It should be noted that the third identity information may include at least one of the following: a device identifier, a MAC address, a soft address, or a short address of the first target terminal. Optionally, the third identity information for the first target terminal can be the same as, or different from, the first identity information provided when requesting access. This is not limited in this request modality. For example, "at least one terminal" includes terminal 1, terminal 2, terminal 3, and terminal 4. When the indication information includes MAC 1, MAC 2, and MAC 3, it indicates that terminal 1 corresponding to MAC 1, terminal 2 corresponding to MAC 2, and terminal 3 corresponding to MAC 3 successfully access the network. In a second possible implementation, the indication information may include third identity information of each of at least one second target terminal, the third identity information of each second target terminal is used to indicate the second target terminal, and the at least one second target terminal is a terminal that does not perform the access on the at least one terminal. For example, "at least one terminal" includes a terminal 1, a terminal 2, a terminal 3, and a terminal 4. When the indication information includes MAC 2 and MAC 4, it indicates that terminal 2 corresponding to MAC 2 and terminal 4 corresponding to MAC 4 do not perform the access, and terminal 1 corresponding to MAC 1 and terminal 3 corresponding to MAC 3 perform the access successfully. Optionally, the method further includes: The network control device sends scheduling information to at least one first target terminal, where the scheduling information is used to designate a fourth time-frequency resource used for each of the at least one first target terminals. Correspondingly, each first target terminal receives the scheduling information from the network control device and transmits data with the network control device on the fourth time-frequency resource of the first target terminal. Optionally, the network control device can send programming information to at least one target terminal in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In a first possible implementation, the network control device can send MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / scheduling information of each first target terminal to each first target terminal, where the scheduling information of each first target terminal is used to indicate the fourth time-frequency resource of each first target terminal. In a second possible implementation, the network control apparatus can send a system broadcast message, where the system broadcast message includes scheduling information, and the scheduling information is used to indicate the fourth time-frequency resource for each first target terminal. For example, scheduling information includes a correspondence between an identifier for each first target terminal and a fourth time-frequency resource for each first target terminal. In a third possible implementation, when the at least one target terminal includes a plurality of target terminals, the network control apparatus can program the plurality of target terminals by group. It should be noted that, to reduce signaling overloads, the network control apparatus can directly send programming information to at least one target terminal without sending indication information to the at least one target terminal. In other words, whenever the scheduling information is received, the first target terminal can determine that the first target terminal successfully performs the access. Optionally, at least one second target terminal that does not perform access in the at least one terminal in the second time-frequency resource can initiate access to the network control apparatus again. In one possible implementation, each of the at least two target terminals can send access information to the network control apparatus on a fifth time-frequency resource. Correspondingly, the network control apparatus receives access information from the at least two target terminals on the fifth time-frequency resource. Specifically, each second target terminal can send access information to the network control apparatus in a sixth time-frequency resource corresponding to each second target terminal, where the fifth time-frequency resource includes the sixth time-frequency resource corresponding to each of the plurality of second target terminals. Correspondingly, the network control apparatus receives access information from each second target terminal in the sixth time-frequency resource corresponding to each second target terminal. It should be noted that a process in which a second target terminal sends access information to the network control device in the sixth time-frequency resource corresponding to the second target terminal refers to the process in which the first terminal sends access information to the network control device in the second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal. To avoid repetition, details are not described again herein. Optionally, the first time-frequency resource includes the fifth time-frequency resource, or the fifth time-frequency resource is different from the first time-frequency resource. In a first possible implementation, the first time-frequency resource may include a second time-frequency resource corresponding to each terminal and the fifth time-frequency resource. It should be noted that a start time of the fifth time-frequency resource in the time domain is not earlier than a completion time of the second time-frequency resource corresponding to each terminal in the time domain. In a second possible implementation, when at least two terminals in the plurality of terminals have different attributes, the first time-frequency resource can include a time-frequency subresource corresponding to a terminal with a different attribute and the fifth time-frequency resource. It should be noted that a start time of the fifth time-frequency resource in the time domain is not earlier than an end time of the time-frequency subresource corresponding to the terminal with the different attribute in the time domain. In conclusion, the first time-frequency resource can include two phases in the time domain. A first phase is used by a plurality of terminals to perform group or batch access, and a second phase is used by a terminal that did not perform the access in the first phase to perform the access again. In a third possible implementation, the fifth time-frequency resource is a time-frequency resource that is not the first time-frequency resource. It should be noted that a start time of the fifth time-frequency resource in the time domain is not earlier than an end time of the first time-frequency resource in the time domain. In conclusion, the first time-frequency resource is used by the plurality of terminals to perform group access or batch access, and the fifth time-frequency resource is used by the terminal that does not perform the access in the first time-frequency resource to perform the access again. Optionally, the second target terminal can determine the fifth time-frequency resource in a plurality of ways. This is not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, resource configuration information is used ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / also to configure the fifth time-frequency resource to be used by at least a second target terminal to perform the access again. In another possible implementation, the network control apparatus can send fourth access configuration information to at least a second target terminal, where the fourth access configuration information is used to indicate the fifth time-frequency resource. According to the access method provided in this application, because the vehicle has just been powered on, there is no terminal access in the communications domain where the network control device is located; that is, there are no other terminals or services requiring attention on the system. Therefore, the network control device can calculate all available time-frequency resources within the current communications domain and use them for initial access, and then utilize all available time-frequency resources for group or batch access of the vehicle terminal.After initial access is complete, the vehicle enters the operational state, and subsequent access requests follow a random distribution. This means that random access is initiated after a service arrives randomly from a terminal (which may include the vehicle terminal and / or the non-vehicle terminal that performs / does not perform the initial access). Therefore, after the vehicle enters the operational state, the terminal subsequently requesting access can perform random access in scenario 1 above using the preconfigured time-frequency resource designated for random access. This can improve resource utilization and communication efficiency while meeting the access requirements of terminals in different access scenarios. The access method 200 provided in modalities of this application is described above with reference to FIGURE 3. An access device and an access control device configured to perform method 200 are described below with reference to FIGURE 4 to FIGURE 6. It should be noted that the access device can be the terminal in Method 200 mode, and can perform the method implemented by the terminal in Method 200. The access control device can be the network control device in Method 200 mode, and can perform the method implemented by the network control device in Method 200. It can be understood that, to implement the above functions, the access device or access control device includes corresponding hardware and / or software modules to perform the functions. With reference to the algorithm steps of each example described in the modalities disclosed in this specification, this application can be implemented in a hardware form or a combination of computer hardware and software. If a function MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / is implemented by hardware or hardware driven by computer software, depending on the specific applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application with reference to modalities, but the implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this request. In this model, the access device and the access control device can be divided into function modules based on the examples in the previous method. For example, each function module corresponding to each function can be obtained through division, or two or more functions can be integrated into a processing module. The integrated module can then be implemented in hardware. It should be noted that, in this model, the division into modules is just an example and simply a division of logical functions; it may be a different division in a real-world implementation. When each function module is obtained through division based on its corresponding function, FIGURE 4 is a schematic diagram of a possible composition of the access device (e.g., a terminal) or the access control device (e.g., a network control device) in the above modalities. As shown in FIGURE 4, the device 300 may include a transceiver unit 310 and a processing unit 320. The processing unit 320 can control the transceiver unit 310 to implement the method performed by the network control apparatus or terminal in the mode of method 200, and / or other process of the technology described in this specification. It should be noted that the transceiver unit in this modality of this application may alternatively be a communications interface. It should be noted that all related content regarding the steps in the method modalities mentioned above can be cited in the function descriptions of the corresponding function modules. Details are not described again herein. The 300 device provided in this mode is configured to perform method 200. Therefore, effects can be achieved that are the same as those of the previous implementation method. When using an integrated unit, the Apparatus 300 can include a processing unit, a storage unit, and a communications unit. The processing unit can be configured to control and manage an action of the Apparatus 300; for example, it can be configured to support the Apparatus 300 in performing steps carried out by the preceding units. The storage unit can be configured to support the Apparatus 300 in storing program code, data, and similar information. The communications unit can be configured to support communication between the Apparatus 300 and another device. The processing unit may be a processor or a controller. The processor may implement or execute various example logic blocks, modules, and logic circuits, as described with reference to the content disclosed in this application. Alternatively, the processor may be a combination, for example, a combination that includes one or more microprocessors or a combination of a digital signal processor (DSP) and a microprocessor, to implement a computing function. The storage unit may be memory. The communications unit may be a device that communicates with another electronic device, for example, a radio frequency circuit, a Bluetooth chip, and a Wi-Fi chip. In one possible implementation, the access device or access control device in this mode can be a device 400 in a structure shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 can be a schematic diagram of a terminal structure or a schematic diagram of a network control device structure. The device 400 includes a processor 410 and a transceiver 420, and the processor 410 and the transceiver 420 communicate with each other via an internal connection path. A related function implemented by the processing unit 320 in Figure 4 can be implemented by the processor 410. A related function implemented by the transceiver unit 310 can be implemented by the processor 410 by controlling the transceiver 420. Optionally, the device 400 may also include a memory 430. The processor 410, the transceiver 420, and the memory 430 communicate with each other via an internal connection path. A related function implemented by the storage unit in FIGURE 4 may be implemented using the memory 430. In a possible implementation, when the device 300 or device 400 is deployed (or integrated) into a terminal, the device 300 or device 400 in modalities of this application may be the terminal. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a terminal 500 structure. The terminal 500 can be shown in Figure 6. The terminal 500 may include a processor 510, an external memory interface 520, internal memory 521, a universal serial bus (USB) port 530, a load management module 540, a power management module 541, a battery 542, antenna 1, antenna 2, a mobile communications module 550, a wireless communications module 560, an audio module 570, a speaker 570A, a receiver 570B, a microphone 570C, a headphone jack 570D, a sensor module 580, a button 590, a motor 591, an indicator 592, a camera 593, a display 594, and an identity module card interface. subscriber (subscriber identity module, SIM) 595 and similar. It can be understood that the structure shown in this version of this application does not constitute a specific limitation on Terminal 500. In some other versions of this application, Terminal 500 may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or some components may be combined, or some components may be divided, or there may be a different component design. The components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The 510 processor can include one or more processing units. For example, the 510 processor can include an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, a video codec, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a baseband processor, a neural-network processing unit (NPU), and / or similar components. Different processing units can be standalone components or integrated into one or more processors. In some configurations, the 500 terminal can alternatively include one or more 510 processors.The controller can generate an operation control signal based on the instruction opcode and a timing sequence signal to complete instruction fetch and execution control. In some other configurations, memory can be provided in the 510 processor to store instructions and data. For example, the memory in the 510 processor can be a cache. This memory can store instructions or data that have recently been used or that are used cyclically by the 510 processor. If the 510 processor needs to use the instructions or data again, it can directly retrieve them from memory. This avoids repeated access, reduces the 510 processor's waiting time, and improves the efficiency of data processing or instruction execution by the 500 terminal. In some configurations, the 510 processor may include one or more interfaces. These interfaces may include an inter-integrated circuit interface (I2C), an inter-integrated circuit audio interface (I2S), a pulse-code modulation interface (PCM), a universal asynchronous receiver / transmitter interface (UART), a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), a general-purpose input / output interface (GPIO), a SIM card interface, a USB port, and / or similar interfaces. The USB 530 port is a port that conforms to a standard USB specification and may specifically be a mini-USB port. ML / t / ZUZO / UUO-m / a micro-USB port, a USB Type-C port, or similar. The USB 530 port can be used to connect to a charger to charge the Terminal 500, or it can be configured to transmit data between the Terminal 500 and a peripheral device. The USB 530 port can also be used to connect to a headset and play audio when using the headset. It can be understood that an interface connection relationship between modules in this mode of this application is merely an example for descriptive purposes and does not constitute a limitation on the structure of Terminal 500. In some other modes of this application, Terminal 500 may alternatively use a different interface connection method than that in the previous mode, or it may use a combination of a plurality of interface connection methods. The charging management module 540 is configured to receive a charging input from a charger. The charger can be either a wireless or a wired charger. In some wired charging modes, the charging management module 540 can receive a charging input from a wired charger via the USB port 530. In some wireless charging modes, the charging management module 540 can receive a wireless charging input via a wireless charging coil on the terminal 500. The charging management module 540 can also supply power to the terminal using the power management module 541 while the battery 542 is being charged. The power management module 541 is configured to connect to the battery 542, the charge management module 540, and the processor 510. The power management module 541 receives input from the battery 542 and / or the charge management module 540 and supplies power to the processor 510, internal memory 521, external memory, the display 594, the camera 593, the wireless communication module 560, and similar components. The power management module 541 can be configured to monitor parameters such as battery capacity, battery cycle count, and battery health status (leakage or electrical impedance). In some other configurations, the power management module 541 can be alternatively located on the processor 510. In some other configurations, the power management module 541 and the charge management module 540 can be arranged in the same device. A wireless communications function of the 500 terminal can be implemented through antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile communications module 550, wireless communications module 560, modem processor, baseband processor, and the like. Antenna 1 and antenna 2 are configured to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. Each antenna on the 500 terminal can be configured to cover one or more communication frequency bands. Different antennas can be multiplexed to improve antenna utilization. For example, antenna 1 can be multiplexed as a diversity antenna for a wireless local area network. In some other configurations, an antenna can be used in combination with a tuning switch. The Mobile Communications Module 550 can provide a solution applicable to the Terminal 500, including wireless communications such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, and similar technologies. The Mobile Communications Module 550 may include at least one filter, one switch, one power amplifier, one low-noise amplifier (LNA), and similar components. The Mobile Communications Module 550 can receive an electromagnetic wave via antenna 1, perform processing such as filtering or amplification on the received electromagnetic wave, and transmit the processed electromagnetic wave to a modem processor for demodulation. The Mobile Communications Module 550 can further amplify a signal modulated by the modem processor and convert the amplified signal back into an electromagnetic wave via antenna 1 for transmission.In some configurations, at least some function modules in the 550 mobile communications module can be placed in the 510 processor. In some configurations, at least some function modules in the 550 mobile communications module and at least some modules in the 510 processor can be placed in the same device. The 560 wireless communications module can provide a wireless communications solution applicable to the 500 terminal and includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) (e.g., a wireless fidelity network, Wi-Fi), Bluetooth (BT), a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), infrared (IR) technology, other possible general-purpose transmission technology, or similar. Optionally, the 560 wireless communication module can be one or more components that integrate at least one communication processing module. A communication processing module can correspond to a network interface. The network interface can be configured in different service function modes. Network interfaces configured in different modes can establish network connections corresponding to those modes. For example, a network connection that supports a P2P function can be established by using a network interface in P2P mode. A network connection that supports an STA function can be established by using a network interface in STA mode. A network connection that supports an AP function can be established by using a network interface in AP mode. MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / The 560 wireless communications module receives an electromagnetic wave through antenna 2, performs frequency modulation and filtering processing on an electromagnetic wave signal, and sends a processed signal to the 510 processor. The 560 wireless communications module can also receive a signal to be sent from the 510 processor, perform frequency modulation and amplification on the signal, and convert a processed signal into an electromagnetic wave for radiation through antenna 2. The 500 terminal implements a display function by using the GPU, the 594 display, the application processor, and similar components. The GPU is a microprocessor for image processing and connects to the 594 display and the application processor. The GPU is configured to perform mathematical and geometric calculations and render an image. The 510 processor may include one or more GPUs that execute program instructions to generate or change display information. The 594 display is configured to show an image, video, or similar content. The 594 display includes a display panel. The display panel may use a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED), a flexible light-emitting diode (FLED), a mini-LED, a micro-LED, a micro-OLED, a quantum dot light-emitting diode (OLED), and similar technologies. In some configurations, the 500 terminal may include one or more 594 displays. In some embodiments of this application, when the display panel is made of a material such as an OLED, an AMOLED, or an FLED, the display 594 in FIGURE 6 is foldable. Herein, the foldability of the display 594 means that the display can be folded at any angle at any point and can be held at that angle. For example, the display 594 can be folded left and right in the middle, or it can be folded up and down in the middle. In this application, a foldable display is referred to as a foldable display. The touchscreen may be a single display, or it may be a display formed by combining a plurality of displays. This is not limited herein. The 594 screen on the 500 terminal can be a flexible display. Flexible displays are currently attracting significant attention due to their unique characteristics and enormous potential. Compared to conventional displays, flexible displays offer greater flexibility and bendability, providing users with a new interaction mode based on flexibility, thus meeting more user requirements at a terminal. For a terminal equipped with a foldable display, the screen can be switched between a small, folded display and a large, unfolded display at any time. Therefore, users are increasingly utilizing multi-screen display functionality on terminals equipped with this type of display. The 500 terminal can implement a photography function through the ISP, camera 593, video codec, GPU, display 594, application processor and the like. The ISP is configured to process feedback data from the 593 camera. For example, during photography, a shutter is pressed, transmitting light to a photosensitive element of the camera through a lens. An optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the camera's photosensitive element transmits this electrical signal to the ISP for processing, which converts it into a visible image. The ISP can also perform algorithmic optimization of image noise, brightness, and complexion. Additionally, the ISP can optimize parameters such as exposure and color temperature for a given photographic scene. In some configurations, the ISP can be integrated into the 593 camera. The 593 camera is configured to capture a still image or video. An optical image of an object is generated through the lens and projected onto the photosensitive element. The photosensitive element can be a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor. The light-sensitive element converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and then transmits the electrical signal to the ISP (Intermediate Signal Processor) for conversion into a digital image signal. The ISP sends the digital image signal to the DSP (Digital Signal Processor) for processing. The DSP converts the digital image signal into an image signal in a standard format, such as RGB or YUV. In some configurations, the 500 terminal may include one or more 593 cameras. The digital signal processor is configured to process a digital signal, and it can process other digital signals in addition to the digital image signal. For example, when terminal 500 selects a frequency, the digital signal processor is configured to perform Fourier transforms and similar operations on frequency energy. The video codec is configured to compress or decompress digital video. The Terminal 500 can support one or more video codecs. In this way, the Terminal 500 can play or record videos in a variety of encoding formats, such as Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)1, MPEG-2, MPEG-3, and MPEG-4. The NPU is a neural network processor. It rapidly processes input information based on the structure of a biological neural network, such as a transfer service function between human brain neurons, and can continuously perform self-learning. The NPU can implement applications such as Terminal 500 intelligent cognition, including image recognition, facial recognition, speech recognition, and text understanding. The external memory interface 520 can be used to connect an external storage card, such as a micro SD card, to extend the storage capacity of the 500 terminal. The external storage card communicates with the 510 processor via the external memory interface 520 to enable data storage. For example, files such as music and videos are stored on the external storage card. Internal memory 521 can be configured to store one or more computer programs. These programs include instructions. Processor 510 can execute the instructions stored in internal memory 521, enabling Terminal 500 to perform screen-off display methods provided in some modes of this application, various applications, data processing, and similar tasks. Internal memory 521 can include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area can store an operating system. The program storage area can also store one or more applications (such as a gallery and contacts) and similar items. The data storage area can store data (for example, photos and contacts) created during the use of Terminal 500 and similar applications.In addition, the internal memory 521 may include high-speed random-access memory, or it may include non-volatile memory, for example, one or more magnetic disk storage devices, a flash memory device, or universal flash storage (UFS). In some modes, the processor 510 may execute instructions stored in the internal memory 521 and / or instructions stored in memory available to the processor 510, so that the terminal 500 performs the screen-elimination display method provided in modes of this application, other applications, and data processing. The terminal 500 may implement an audio function such as playing or recording music when using the audio module 570, speaker 570A, receiver 570B, microphone 570C, headphone jack 570D, application processor, and similar devices. The 580 sensor module may include a 580A pressure sensor, a 580B gyroscope sensor, a 580C barometric pressure sensor, a 580D magnetic sensor, a 580E acceleration sensor, a 580F distance sensor, a 580G optical proximity sensor, a 580H fingerprint sensor, a 580J temperature sensor, a 580K touch sensor, a 580L ambient light sensor, a 580M bone conduction sensor, and the like. One mode also provides a computer storage medium. The computer storage medium stores computer instructions. When ML / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / Computer instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device is activated to perform the related method steps, to implement the access method in the above modalities. One modality also provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is executed on a computer, the computer is activated to perform the related steps to implement the access method in the previous modalities. Furthermore, one modality of this application also provides an apparatus. The apparatus may specifically be a chip, a component, or a module. The apparatus may include a processor and memory that are connected. The memory is configured to store computer-executable instructions, and when the apparatus is executed, the processor can execute the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the chip performs the access method described in the previous method modalities. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a 600 chip structure. The 600 chip includes one or more 610 processors and a 620 interface circuit. Optionally, the 600 chip may also include a 630 bus. The 610 processor may be an integrated circuit chip and has signal processing capability. In an implementation process, the steps in the above method can be completed using a hardware integrated logic circuit in the 610 processor or instructions in a software form. The 610 processor can be a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIO, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component. The processor can implement or perform the methods and steps disclosed in the various modalities of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or the processor can be any conventional or similar processor. The 620 interface circuit can be used to send or receive data, instructions, or information. The 610 processor can process data, instructions, or other information received through the 620 interface circuit and send, through the 620 interface circuit, the information obtained after processing. Optionally, the chip also includes memory. This memory may include read-only memory and random-access memory, providing operating instructions and data to the processor. A portion of the memory may also include non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM). Optionally, the memory stores an executable software module or data structure, and the processor can perform a corresponding operation by invoking operational instructions (operational instructions can be stored in an operating system) stored in memory. Optionally, the chip may be used in the access device or access control device in the modes of this application. Optionally, the 620 interface circuit may be used to produce an execution result of the 610 processor. For the access method provided in one or more modes of this application, reference is made to the preceding modes. No further details are described herein. It should be noted that the functions corresponding to each of the 610 processor and the 620 interface circuit can be implemented using a hardware design, a software design, or a combination of both. This is not a limitation herein. The network control device, terminal, computer storage medium, computer program product, or chip provided in various modes is configured to perform the corresponding method described above. Therefore, for the beneficial effects that can be achieved, reference is made to the beneficial effects described in the corresponding method described above. No further details are described herein. It should be understood that, in the modalities of this request, the sequence numbers of the processes described above do not represent execution sequences. The execution sequences of the processes must be determined based on the functions and internal logic of the processes and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation processes of the modalities of this request. A person skilled in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in the modalities disclosed in this specification, the algorithm units and steps can be implemented using electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it is not necessary to consider that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this request. An expert in the technique can clearly understand that, for the purpose of a convenient and brief description, for a detailed operating process of the preceding system, apparatus and unit, reference is made to a corresponding process in the preceding modalities of method, and no details are described again herein. In the various modalities provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the modality of the apparatus described is merely an example. For example, the division into the MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / units is simply a division of logical functions and may be another division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not implemented. Furthermore, the mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections shown or analyzed may be implemented through various interfaces. Indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be implemented electronically, mechanically, or otherwise. The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one position or distributed across a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to the actual requirements to achieve the objective of the modal solutions. Furthermore, the functional units in the modalities of this application can be integrated into a processing unit; each of the units can physically exist separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. When functions are implemented as a functional software unit and sold or used as a standalone product, those functions can be stored on a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions in this application, or the portion that contributes to conventional technology, or some of the technical solutions, can be implemented as a software product. The computer software product is stored on a storage medium and includes various instructions to instruct a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in the modalities of this application.The above storage medium includes: any medium that can store programming code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard drive, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or a compact disc. The descriptions above are merely specific implementations of this application; however, they are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any variation or replacement readily visualized by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should fall within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An access method, characterized in that the method is applied to a network control apparatus, and the method comprises: sending access configuration information, wherein the access configuration information is used to configure an access form of at least one terminal, and the access form comprises a first access form or a second access form; and receiving access information from a first terminal, wherein the access information is used to request access, and the at least one terminal comprises the first terminal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the access configuration information comprises first status information used to indicate a status of the network control apparatus, and the status of the network control apparatus indicates the access method.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the access form is the first access form, and the first access form is used to indicate that access is permitted from terminals of a first terminal type and a second terminal type.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the first form of access comprises contest-based access.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the first terminal belongs to the first type of terminal or the second type of terminal.

6. The method according to any of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the reception of access information from a first terminal comprises: receiving the access information from the first terminal in a preconfigured first time-frequency resource.

7. The method according to any of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the access information of the first terminal comprises a first address, and the first address belongs to a preconfigured set of addresses.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the method further comprises: sending a request for identity information to the first terminal based on the access information of the first terminal, wherein the request for identity information is used to request first identity information, and the first identity information is used to identify the first terminal; and receiving the first identity information from the first terminal.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the address set is predefined in a communications protocol, or the address set is configured by first configuration information from the network control apparatus to the first terminal, or the address set is agreed between the network control apparatus and the first terminal in advance.

10. The method according to any of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the method further comprises: sending address information to the first terminal, wherein the address information is used to indicate that the first address is updated to a second address, and the second address does not belong to the address set.

11. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the access form is the second access form, and the second access form is used to indicate that access is permitted from a terminal of only one first type of terminal.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the second form of access comprises contention-free access.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the first terminal belongs to the first type of terminal.

14. The method according to any of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the access configuration information is further used to configure a first time-frequency resource to be used by at least one terminal to perform access in the second access form, and the reception of access information from a first terminal comprises: receiving the access information from the first terminal in the first time-frequency resource.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the access information of the first terminal comprises at least one of either first identity information or status information, the first identity information being used to identify the first terminal, and the status information being used to indicate a status of the first terminal.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the reception of the access information from the first terminal in the first time-frequency resource comprises: receiving the access information from the first terminal in a second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, wherein the first time-frequency resource comprises the second time-frequency resource.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the at least one terminal further comprises a second terminal; and the method further comprises: receiving access information from the second terminal in a third time-frequency resource corresponding to the second terminal, wherein the first time-frequency resource comprises the third time-frequency resource.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the second time-frequency resource and the third time-frequency resource are orthogonal to each other.

19. The method according to any of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the access configuration information is used to configure an access form of at least one terminal in a disconnected state, and the disconnected state comprises a rest state or an inactive state.

20. An access method, characterized in that the method comprises: receiving, by a first terminal, access configuration information from a network control apparatus, wherein the access configuration information is used to configure an access form of at least one terminal, the access form comprising a first access form or a second access form, and the at least one terminal comprising the first terminal; and sending, by the first terminal, access information from the first terminal to the network control apparatus based on the access configuration information, wherein the access information is used to request access.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the access configuration information comprises first status information used to indicate a status of the network control apparatus, and the status of the network control apparatus indicates the access method.

22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the access form is the first access form, and the first access form is used to indicate that access is permitted from terminals of a first terminal type and a second terminal type.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the first form of access comprises contest-based access.

24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the first terminal belongs to the first type of terminal or to the second type of terminal.

25. The method according to any of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the sending, by the first terminal, of access information from the first terminal to the network control apparatus based on the access configuration information comprises: sending, by the first terminal, the access information from the first terminal to the network control apparatus in a first time-frequency resource preconfigured in the first access form.

26. The method according to any of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the access information of the first terminal comprises a first address, and the first address belongs to a preconfigured set of addresses.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the method further comprises: receiving, by the first terminal, a request for identity information from the network control apparatus, wherein the request for identity information is used to request first identity information, and the first identity information is used to identify the first terminal; and sending, by the first terminal, the first identity information to the network control apparatus based on the request for identity information.

28. The method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the address set is predefined in a communications protocol, or the address set is configured by first configuration information from the network control apparatus to the first terminal, or the address set is agreed between the network control apparatus and the first terminal in advance.

29. The method according to any of claims 26 to 28, characterized in that the method further comprises: receiving, by the first terminal, address information from the network control apparatus, wherein the address information is used to indicate that the first address is to be updated to a second address, and the second address does not belong to the address set; and updating, by the first terminal, the first address to the second address based on the address information.

30. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the access form is the second access form, and the second access form is used to indicate that access is permitted from a terminal of only one first type of terminal.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the second form of access comprises contention-free access. MA / t / ZUZÓ / UUO-m / 32. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the first terminal belongs to the first type of terminal.

33. The method according to any of claims 30 to 32, characterized in that the access configuration information is further used to configure a first time-frequency resource to be used by the at least one terminal to perform access in the second access mode, and the sending, by the first terminal, of access information from the first terminal to the network control apparatus based on the access configuration information comprises: sending, by the first terminal, the access information from the first terminal to the network control apparatus in the first time-frequency resource in the second access mode.

34. The method according to claim 33, characterized in that the access information of the first terminal comprises at least one of either first identity information or status information, the first identity information being used to identify the first terminal, and the status information being used to indicate a status of the first terminal.

35. The method according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the sending, by the first terminal, of the access information of the first terminal to the network control apparatus in the first time-frequency resource in the second access form comprises: sending, by the first terminal, the access information of the first terminal to the network control apparatus in a second time-frequency resource corresponding to the first terminal, wherein the first time-frequency resource comprises the second time-frequency resource.

36. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that the at least one terminal further comprises a second terminal, the second time-frequency resource and a third time-frequency resource corresponding to the second terminal are orthogonal to each other, and the third time-frequency resource is used to report access information from the second terminal.

37. The method according to any of claims 20 to 36, characterized in that the access configuration information is used to configure a form of access of at least one terminal in a disconnected state, and the disconnected state comprises a rest state or an inactive state.

38. An access apparatus, characterized in that it comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is coupled to the memory, and the processor is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

39. An access apparatus, characterized in that it comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is coupled to the memory, and the processor is configured to perform the method according to any of claims 20 to 37.

40. A chip apparatus, characterized in that it comprises at least one processor and a communications interface, wherein the processor is configured to invoke instructions from the communications interface and execute the instructions, and when the instructions are executed, the processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 or any one of claims 20 to 37.

41. A computer-readable storage medium configured to store a computer program, characterized in that the computer program comprises instructions used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 or any one of claims 20 to 37.

42. A computer program, characterized in that the computer program comprises instructions, and when the instructions are executed on a computer or processor, the computer or processor is activated to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 or any one of claims 20 to 37.

43. A communication system, characterized in that the communication system comprises a first access device and a second access device wherein: the second access device is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19; and the first access device is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 20 to 37.

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