Implants and Systems for Scarless Mastopexy

Abstract

Mastopexy implants for breast lifts create new tissue planes in the breast that provide a more durable lift, and are particularly useful in breast lifts with a high content of fatty tissue; the implants can be implanted through small incisions using blunt dissection, reducing operating time, and providing a better aesthetic appearance with minimal scarring; the implants are designed to be temporary, and have sufficient retention strength to allow the new tissue planes to form and support the lifted breast without any significant loss of support during this regenerative period.

Description

This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Application No. 63 / 076,182, filed on September 9, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates generally to implants that can be used to lift tissues and organs in a minimally invasive manner, and in particular to implants that can be used in plastic surgery procedures, including mastopexy. The implants can be used to minimize scarring during lifting procedures. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Numerous plastic surgery procedures are performed each year to restore or correct the body's form or function. Many of these procedures aim to restore a youthful appearance or even enhance a person's existing appearance. Natural factors, such as aging and gravity, contribute to the loss of youthful appearance. For example, skin laxity, loss of muscle tone, and ligament attenuation can result in breast ptosis (sagging). Plastic surgeons have developed a plethora of surgical techniques to correct ptosis of different anatomical structures that occurs with aging. These techniques vary in the type of incision, direction of the incision, plane of dissection, amount of dissection, degree of tissue repositioning, use of different types of sutures, different suturing techniques, and different fixation techniques. Plastic surgeons have developed several different mastopexy procedures for breast lifts. These procedures, however, can be highly invasive, require extensive dissection, and may leave the patient with visible scarring. For example, the vertical or paddle mastopexy procedure is performed by making incisions around the areola and a vertical incision in the lower pole of the breast from the areola to the inframammary fold (IMF). The anchor or Wise procedure is even more invasive than the paddle procedure, where an incision is made through the inframammary fold in addition to the vertical incision used in the paddle procedure. Both the paddle and anchor procedures can leave permanent scarring in the lower pole of the patient's breast and, in that sense, may provide poor cosmetic results. Less invasive suture-based mastopexy procedures have been developed that help minimize scarring. These include the Benelli mastopexy, where a donut-shaped piece of breast skin is removed from around the areola with an inner incision line that follows the perimeter of the areola and an outer incision line that encircles the areola more externally. Although this approach minimizes scarring, it can result in serious areola stretching or tissue necrosis because the entire weight of the newly lifted breast parenchyma is supported by the sutures surrounding the areola, which are used to approximate the breast skin back to the circumference of the areola. Many surgeons have attempted to reinforce their breast lift procedures using surgical mesh in open mastopexy and breast reconstruction. Some of these techniques have also incorporated the use of various reinforcement materials similar to those used in hernia repair, such as flat polymer mesh, allografts, xenografts, and autografts. However, wrapping materials around the parenchyma without an anchoring element to shift the skin load at the lower pole can leave the breast subjected to the same ptotic forces that were present before the breast surgery. In 1981, Johnson described the use of MARLEX® mesh (polypropylene) to convert breast tissue support after mastopexy from a cutaneous to a skeletal origin by attaching the mesh to the area of ​​the second rib (Johnson, Aesth. Plast. Surg. 5:77-84 (1981)). The MARLEX flat mesh is a permanent mesh made of polypropylene and was implanted to provide two slings in each breast to support the breast tissue. The procedure is based on the Wise open breast lift. Auclair and Mitz described a mesh-assisted mastopexy using a flat absorbable mesh and a periareolar skin resection technique (Auclair and Mitz, Ann. Chir. Plast. Esthét. 38:107-113 (1993)). A rapidly absorbable VICRYL® mesh was placed around the anterior surface of the mammary gland to form an internal support. The procedure requires open breast surgery and involves extensive dissection. Góes has reported the use of polyglactin 910 (an absorbable copolymer of 90% glycolide and 10% L-lactide, also known as VICRYL) and a mixed mesh (containing 60% polyglactin 910 and 40% permanent polyester) in periareolar mammoplasty using a double-skin technique (Góes, Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 97:959-968 (1996)). The open surgical technique involves dissecting and separating the soft tissue envelope from the parenchyma, and wrapping the breast parenchyma with a mesh to help induce the formation of a robust connective tissue scar to produce a breast lining structure that may be less susceptible to ptosis. to LOznn / eznz / E / YiAi U.S. Patent No. 6,210,439 to Firmin et al. discloses a circular VICRYL mesh with a V-shaped opening extending from its center and a metallic reinforcing wire running around its periphery. The implant is designed for insertion in an invasive open surgical procedure and assumes a conical shape suitable for mammoplasty when the reinforcing wire is tightened. U.S. Patent No. 7,476,249 to Frank discloses an implantable sling-shaped prosthesis device for supporting and positioning a breast implant in a patient, wherein the device is configured from a sheet of a chemically inert, permanent material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone, to support the breast implant. The sling-shaped device is designed for placement in an invasive open surgical procedure. The publication of U.S. Patent Application No. 2009 / 0082864 by Chen et al. also discloses a prosthetic device for supporting a breast implant made of mesh. The device has a flat black wall, a concave front wall, and a curved transition region between these walls that forms a gently curved lower periphery. Insertion of the device requires an open surgical procedure with significant dissection. U.S. Patent Application No. 2008 / 0097601 by Codori-Hurff et al. discloses mastopexy and breast reconstruction procedures assisted by the use of processed tissue material derived from the intestine or dermis. The tissue material is cut into a crescent shape to form a mastopexy implant and is implanted using an invasive open surgical procedure. Altman's U.S. Patent Application No. 20160038269 discloses several silk fabric implants that can be implanted using open surgery to support the lower breast. Mortarino et al.'s U.S. Patent Application No. 20120185041 discloses woven silk meshes that can be used to provide support to the lower pole of the breast. Mortarino's U.S. Patent Application No. 20130304098 discloses silk implants in the form of pockets that can be used in breast reconstruction. WO 2009 / 001293 from Lauryssen discloses polypropylene and polyester mesh implants formed into cup shapes that can be used in mastopexy procedures. The meshes are implanted in open surgical procedures and completely surround the breast tissue. WO 2004 / 096098 from Hamilton discloses a permanent implant formed into a breast shape to support soft tissue, made of polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), which can be used to form a predetermined breast shape. WO 2006 / 117622 by Lauryssen et al. discloses a permanent implant for supporting soft breast tissue that is usually L-shaped or U-shaped, and is wrapped around the breast to provide support. to LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi Van Deventer et al. (Aesth. P / ast. Surg. 36:578-89 (2012)) described the use of an internal breast support system for mastopexy using a partially degradable mesh that was formed in a cone shape (van Deventer et al. Aesth. P / ast. Surg. 36:578-89 (2012)). The mesh is implanted in an open surgical procedure and completely surrounds the upper and lower poles of the breast. Felix's U.S. Patent No. 9,532,867 discloses absorbable implants for breast surgery that conform to the breast parenchyma. The implants can support the newly lifted breast parenchyma. US20100023029 by Young discloses a sheet made of VICRYL for use in breast reconstruction with a number of bonding regions to attach the sheet to the patient's anatomy. The device can be used to partially cover and contain a tissue expander or implant. Popov's W02007004214 discloses a basket-shaped device for supporting the lower pole of a breast. The device is designed to be implanted using open surgery. Many devices have been described for performing open surgical mastopexy procedures by mimicking the breast's own fascial support system, the circummammary ligament. Rehnke's U.S. Patent Application No. 2017 / 0224471 discloses a circular tubular member with a drawstring that can be used to lift the breast when the circummammary ligament has been stretched or weakened. The device is inserted during an open surgical procedure to tighten the circummammary ligament. The device is positioned behind the mammary gland at the top of the pectoral muscle, anchored to the circummammary ligament, and cinched to a smaller diameter using the drawstring. This cinching causes the space at the base of the breast to narrow, bringing the breast closer together in a higher projection position on the patient's chest. Lee's U.S. Patent Application No. 2017 / 0231753 discloses a material that is placed in the pectoral muscle under the breast using open surgery to provide circumferential coverage of the breast tissue, stretching and securing the material above the breast, and attaching the material to the medial and lateral chest musculature to the breast to lift the breast tissue. Many devices have been described for performing mastopexy procedures in a minimally invasive manner using slings. U.S. Patent Application No. 2008 / 0027273 by Gutterman discloses a minimally invasive mastopexy system that includes a soft tissue support sling. The device is designed to provide support by suspending the breast from the upper pole region using a sling. to LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi U.S. Patent Application No. 2012 / 0283826 by Moses et al. discloses minimally invasive mastopexy systems comprising an insertion device, a suspension strut, and a lower pole support. The lower pole support is inserted beneath the lower pole of the breast like a sling to lift the breast. Cohen's U.S. Patent Application No. 20100217388 discloses support members for shaping soft breast tissue. The support member acts like a sling and is implanted to lift the lower pole of the breast. U.S. Patent No. 7,670,372 to Shfaram et al. discloses a minimally invasive breast lift system. The system incorporates one or more suspension members and a containment member that is positioned under the lower pole of the breast. The containment member is connected to the suspension members, frequently by sutures, and acts as a sling to lift the breast. The publication of US Patent Application No. 2010 / 0331612 by Lashinski et al., US2008 / 0082113 by Bishop et al., and US 2009 / 0248071 by Saint et al., discloses a device for performing a minimally invasive mastopexy comprising a sling and soft tissue anchors that are inserted in a superior position to support the breast. US2012 / 0053689 by Martin et al. discloses PHA fiber for use in these devices. Despite the advances described above, most mastopexy procedures require open surgical procedures with long incisions that leave noticeable and permanent scars on the breast, particularly in the immediate postoperative period. These scars can leave patients dissatisfied with the aesthetic outcome and disappointed that the procedure failed to meet their expectations. Additionally, the procedure typically involves extensive dissection of a tissue plane in the lower pole of the breast and the insertion of a sling or other construct to lift or shape the lower pole. The extensive dissection required in these existing procedures usually necessitates the use of general anesthesia. It is an objective and advantage of the embodiments of the present invention to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. For example, it is an objective and advantage of the embodiments of the present invention to provide mastopexy implants and systems that can be used to provide a satisfactory, aesthetically defined result without open surgery, large incisions, extensive dissection, or tissue manipulation, and that minimize the formation of permanent scarring in the breast. Another objective and advantage of the present invention is to provide mastopexy implants and systems that can be used to avoid the use of surgical incisions that leave scars, dissection of tissue planes, removal of excess skin, and the use of sutures to close incisions. Another objective and advantage of the present invention is to provide mastopexy implants that can be implanted through small puncture incisions.Such procedures could reduce the operating time and the need for general anesthesia. The latter could not only eliminate the potential risks associated with general anesthesia but also provide a more attractive and simpler mastopexy procedure, particularly for some younger patients who may prefer to postpone more invasive procedures such as those described above. Another objective and advantage of the present invention is to provide implants and systems for minimally invasive mastopexy that can be used in patients with fatty breasts or less dense breast tissue, where breast tissue lifting is more challenging due to the higher fat content present in such breasts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The implants and systems described herein help the surgeon to reshape, reposition, or lift the breast to provide an aesthetically pleasing shape. In some modalities, mastopexy implants and systems are designed to minimize scarring. The implants can be inserted into a patient's breast using blunt dissection, through small incisions. These implants and systems avoid the use of traditional surgical approaches such as crescent mastopexy, donut (or Benelli) mastopexy, paddle (or vertical) mastopexy, and anchor (or Weiss or Wise) mastopexy, all of which typically require extensive surgical incisions in conjunction with the removal of patient tissue to insert the implants. In some modalities, implants and systems for mastopexy are designed to generate one or more new tissue planes in the breast. In some modalities, the implants comprise suspension members that include anchor members which create tissue planes in the breast after implantation. The anchor members are designed to stimulate tissue growth to create these tissue planes. The tissue planes distribute the load of the lifted breast over a larger area than can be achieved using only sutures or barbed sutures to lift the breast. The anchor members of the suspension members are attached to support lines at one end of the anchor member. The support lines are not attached at both ends of the anchor member. The anchor members preferably include retainers for attachment to the breast tissue.After implantation in the breast, a force can be applied to the support lines, causing the anchor members to attach to the breast tissue and lift the breast. The large surface area of ​​the anchor members provides multiple attachment points to the breast tissue, facilitating the breast lift. These multiple attachment points are particularly useful in breast lifts for patients whose breasts include fatty or less dense breast tissue, or when sutures cannot be securely held in fatty breast tissue. The multiple attachment points allow the load on the lifted tissue to be distributed rather than localized.The tissue planes formed in the breast after implantation of the anchor members help spread the breast's load over a large area, thus helping to maintain breast lift and prevent subsequent ptosis. In some modalities, the implants and systems create one or more areas of new tissue within the breast after implantation to maintain breast lift. Notably, the anchor members are not slings and do not comprise support lines attached to both ends of the anchor members. The anchor members are not designed to lift the breast by placing a sling on the lower pole of the breast with support members placed on the medial and lateral sides of the breast that can be pulled upward to lift the breast.In contrast, the anchor member of a suspension member implant is designed to lift tissue by implanting the anchor member on one side of the breast and pulling on the attached support line to lift the anchor member upward on the side of the breast where it was implanted. Preferably, a second anchor member can be implanted on the opposite side of the breast to the first anchor member to lift tissue on both sides of the breast. In certain modalities, the implants retain strength long enough to allow breast support to be transferred from the implant to the new tissue without any loss of support for the lifted breast tissue. In certain modalities, the anchoring members of the suspension members retain at least 15% of their initial strength, preferably at least 30% of their initial strength, and more preferably at least 50% of their initial strength after implantation in the breast for 12 weeks. In certain modalities, the support lines attached to the anchoring members of the implants retain at least 15% of their initial strength, preferably at least 30% of their initial strength, and more preferably at least 50% of their initial strength after implantation in the breast for 12 weeks. In certain modalities, the implants function as temporary supports that lift the breast and provide initial breast support, but they degrade over time and are replaced by host tissue. In some procedures, the implants are implanted with minimal surgical intervention. In others, the implants are implanted in the breast using small incisions and blunt dissection. In still others, the implants are designed for implantation without the use of general anesthesia. In certain embodiments, the implants comprise a suspension member comprising a support line with a first and a second end, and an anchor member with a first and a second end, wherein the support line is connected at its second end to the anchor member at its first end. In certain embodiments, the implant anchor member is porous. In certain embodiments, the implant anchor member comprises a textile. In certain embodiments, the implant anchor member comprises a mesh, knitted mesh, or woven mesh. In certain embodiments, the implant anchor member comprises a monofilament. In certain embodiments, the implant anchor member comprises an oriented monofilament. In certain embodiments, the implant anchor member is configured with retainers. The retainers are designed to bind and lift the breast tissue.In certain modalities, the implant anchor member retainers are selected from one or more of the following: anchors, crank anchors, hooks, darts, prongs, clasps, projections, extensions, bumps, protrusions, spurs, shoulders, points, gears, surface roughness, surface irregularities, teeth, and arrows. In certain modalities, the retainers extend 0.1 to 25 mm, more preferably 1 to 15 mm, and even more preferably 3 to 10 mm from the plane of the anchor member. In certain modalities, the retainers are angled on the anchor members. In certain modalities, the angle between: (i) the first end of the anchor member and the apex of the angle, and (ii) the tip of the retainer and the apex of the angle, is less than 90 degrees. In certain modalities, the tips of the implanted retainers point in a superior direction.In certain modalities, the second end of the anchor member connects to an introducer housing tip designed to attach to an introducer tool. In certain modalities, the introducer housing tip has a tapered shape. In certain modalities, an introducer tool can be inserted into the introducer housing tip of an anchor member of the suspension member, and the introducer tool is used to implant the suspension member into the breast. In certain modalities, the introducer housing tip has a blunt driving tip. In certain modalities, an introducer tool can be inserted into the introducer housing tip of an anchor member of the suspension member, and the blunt driving tip of the introducer housing tip is used to create a channel in the patient's breast by blunt dissection and implantation of the suspension member. In certain modalities, the support line of the suspension member is elongated.In certain modalities, the support line has a length that extends along an arc from the first end to the second end of the support line. In certain modalities, the support line of the implant suspension member comprises fiber, monofilament fiber, or braided fiber. In certain modalities, the fiber, monofilament fiber, or braided fiber is formed from oriented polymer. In certain modalities, the support line of the suspension member comprises fixation elements or is configured to provide fixation elements. The fixation elements are designed to secure the support line to the surrounding soft tissue. In certain modalities, the fixation elements of the support line are selected from one or more of the following: fiber strands, coils, column stitch, and braided tape. In certain modalities, the suspension member or anchor member is partially or completely covered by or inserted into a removable sheath.In certain embodiments, the removable cover is made of nylon. In certain embodiments, the implants a LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi further comprise a strut. Preferably, the strut has a first arm with a first end and a second end, a second arm with a first end and a second end, and a central element with a first end and a second end, wherein the second end of the first arm is connected to the first end of the element, and the second end of the second arm is connected to the second end of the element. In certain embodiments, the element is a plate or textile. Preferably, the plate or textile is porous. Preferably, the plate or textile comprises teeth or another self-retaining feature. Preferably, the teeth or self-retaining feature project from the plane of the plate or textile and are designed to bond to tissue after implantation. In certain embodiments, the teeth or self-retaining feature are located on at least one side of the plate or textile.In certain embodiments, the strut further comprises one or more needles, and more preferably one or more needles with blunt tips. In certain embodiments, the strut has a first arm with a first end and a second end, a second arm with a first end and a second end, and a central element with a first end and a second end, wherein the second end of the first arm is connected to the first end of the element, and the second end of the second arm is connected to the second end of the element, and the strut further comprises a needle attached to the first end of the first arm of the strut, and optionally a second needle attached to the first end of the second arm of the strut. In certain modalities, the anchoring member comprises fibers with an average diameter between 0.02 mm and 0.7 mm, more preferably between 0.05 mm and 0.25 mm, and even more preferably between 0.07 mm and 0.175 mm. In some modalities, the implants comprise one or more absorbable polymers. In some modalities, the implants are absorbable. In some modalities, the implant support line is absorbable. In some modalities, the implant anchoring member is absorbable. In some modalities, the introducer housing tip is absorbable. In some models, the implant suspension member can withstand a load of at least 5 N, at least 10 N, or at least 60 N. In some models, the implant suspension member can withstand a load less than 500 N. In some models, the implant anchoring member can withstand a burst force of at least 1 N, or at least 10 N. In other models, the anchoring member can withstand a burst force of less than 1,000 N. In certain modalities, the implant anchoring member comprises a mesh or textile, and the mesh or textile has one or more of the following properties: (i) a suture pull-out force of at least 1 Kgf, (ii) a burst strength of 0.1 to 100 Kg, (iii) a thickness of 0.05mm, (iv) an area density of 5 to 800 g / m2, and (v) a pore diameter of 5 pm to 10 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the implant anchoring member comprises a mesh or textile, and the mesh or textile has one or more of the following properties: (i) a suture pull-out force of 1 Kgf to 20 Kgf, (ii) a burst strength of 1 to 50 Kg or 10 to 50 Kg, (iii) a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, (iv) an area density of 100 to 300 g / m2, and (v) a pore diameter of 100 pm to mm. In certain modalities, the support line has a tensile strength of at least 1 MPa, more preferably 10 MPa, and even more preferably 100 MPa, but less than 20 GPa. In some models, the suspension member includes a tensioner. The tensioner can be used to adjust the tension in the suspension member, and thus adjust the degree of breast lift. In some procedures, mastopexy implants are designed to be inserted through one or more entry points in the upper pole of the breast. In other procedures, mastopexy implants are designed to be inserted through one or more entry points in the lower pole of the breast. In some procedures, the implants are inserted through one or more entry points with a width or diameter of 0.1 to 20 mm, and more preferably 5 to 10 mm. In some procedures, the entry points are created with puncture incisions. In some modalities, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more implants are implanted in one breast to lift the breast. In some embodiments, the implants comprise poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) or copolymers thereof. In some embodiments, the implants comprise poly(butylene succinate) or copolymers thereof. In some embodiments, the implants comprise polydioxanone. In some embodiments, the implants comprise P4HB or copolymers thereof, PBS or copolymers thereof, or polydioxanone in the form of a mesh or textile, and preferably a monofilament mesh or textile made from a monofilament. In certain modalities, mastopexy systems are provided. In certain modalities, the disclosed mastopexy systems comprise one or more of the implants disclosed herein and one or more tools. In certain modalities, the mastopexy systems comprise: (i) one or more implants comprising a suspension member comprising a support line with a first and a second end, and an anchoring member with a first and a second end, wherein the support line is connected at its second end to the anchoring member at its first end; and (ii) one or more tools selected from the group: a piercing incision tool, a blunt dissecting tool, and an introducer tool. In certain modalities, the blunt dissecting tool comprises straight needles. In certain modalities, the blunt dissecting tool comprises curved needles. In certain modalities, the piercing incision tool is used to make a piercing incision in the breast.In certain modalities, a blunt dissecting tool is used to create a defined channel through the breast for the suspension member. The channel through the breast is preferably created from a puncture incision in the breast. The channel created in the breast by the blunt dissecting tool is sized to allow the insertion of a mastopexy implant comprising a suspension member. In certain modalities, the channel in the breast is created with a tool having a diameter of 1 mm to 15 mm, and more preferably 2 to 5 mm. In certain modalities, the defined channel created by the blunt dissection for the suspension member is curved. A curved channel helps to integrate the implant into the breast tissue. In certain modalities, the introducer tool is loaded with an implant comprising a suspension member. In certain modalities, the introducer tool is used to insert the implant comprising the suspension member into the breast.In certain embodiments, the introducer tool is used to insert the implant comprising the suspension member into the channel created in the breast by the blunt dissecting tool. In these embodiments, the second end of the anchoring member of the suspension member comprises an introducer housing tip for attaching the distal end of an introducer tool. An introducer tool can be inserted into the introducer housing tip and used to insert the suspension member into a channel in the breast created by a blunt dissecting tool. More preferably, the introducer housing tip has a conical shape with a blunt driving tip and can be used to form a channel in the breast without the use of a separate blunt dissecting tool.In this modality, the introducer tool is inserted into the introducer housing tip attached to the end of the suspension member, and the introducer tool is used to insert the introducer housing tip into a puncture incision in the breast. A defined channel is then formed in the breast by pushing the introducer housing tip, with its blunt driving tip, through the breast tissue with sufficient penetration force. The suspension member attached to the introducer housing tip is then delivered to the implant site. In some modalities, the implant comprising the suspension member is used to lift the breast after implant insertion. In some procedures, the implants are sized for insertion into the breast through a puncture incision. In some procedures, the puncture incisions are 0.3 to 3 cm, and more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 cm. In other procedures, the implants are sized for insertion into the breast through a channel formed by blunt dissection, optionally using a blunt dissecting tool. In certain modalities, a mastopexy system is provided to secure a patient's breast in a target position, wherein the mastopexy system comprises: a first suspension member comprising a first support line with a first end and a second end, and a first anchor member with a first end and a second end, the first support line being connected at its second end to a first anchor member at its first end; a second suspension member comprising a second support line with a first end and a second end, and a second anchor member with a first end and a second end, the second support line being connected at its second end to a second anchor member at its first end, wherein a suspension member, when implanted in the breast, is located on the lateral side of the breast.The second suspension member, when implanted in the breast, is positioned on the medial side of the breast, such that the support lines of each suspension member are located superior to the anchoring members in the breast, and the first ends of the support lines are located above the nipple-areola complex (NAC). The mastopexy system may further comprise one or more of the following: a sharp incision tool, a blunt dissecting tool, and an introducer tool. The mastopexy system may further comprise introducer housing tips for an introducer tool located at the second ends of the anchoring members. The introducer tools can be inserted into the introducer housing tips and used to insert the suspension members into channels defined in the breast created, for example, by one or more blunt dissecting tools. Alternatively,The creation of defined channels in the breast and the insertion of suspension members can be performed with an introducer housing tip designed for blunt dissection, for example, an introducer housing tip with a conical shape and a blunt driving tip. In this modality, the mastopexy system comprises an introducer tool that is inserted into the introducer housing tip connected to the end of the suspension member, and the system is used by inserting the introducer housing tip into the breast, preferably through a puncture incision.and creating a defined channel in the breast by driving the introducer housing tip with its blunt driving tip through the breast tissue. The suspension member attached to the introducer housing tip is simultaneously implanted into the defined channel. The mastopexy system may further comprise a strut that can be implanted in a position superior to the NAC of the breast and connected to the first ends of the support lines. Tension can be applied to a support line, and the support line can be connected to the strut to lift the breast. In certain embodiments, the strut comprises a first arm with a first and a second end, a second arm with a first and a second end, and a central element with a first and a second end, wherein the second end of the first arm is connected to the first end of the central element.and wherein the second end of the second arm is connected to the second end of the element. In certain modalities, the element is a textile or plate. Preferably, the strut thus configured can be implanted in the breast in a position superior to the NAC, and the breast lifted by connecting the first arm of the strut to a first end of a support line of a first implanted suspension member, and connecting the second arm of the strut to a second end of a support line of a second implanted suspension member. In certain modalities, the mastopexy system strut is preferably inserted into a channel, superior to the NAC, formed by blunt dissection. In certain modalities, the mastopexy system strut comprises one or more needles, preferably one or more needles with blunt tips, which can be used to form a channel, superior to the NAC, for insertion of the strut. Preferably,The channel and position of the implanted strut is along a medial-lateral plane superior to the NAC of the breast. In some modalities, the strut plate component comprises pores or teeth. The teeth protrude from the plate plane and are designed to bond with the tissue and secure the strut in place. The pores are designed to allow tissue ingrowth into the plate to further secure the strut. In some modalities, the plate is molded. In some modalities, the strut arms are formed from monofilament fiber, multifilament fiber, or braided fiber. In some modalities, these fibers are compressed at one end onto a needle, preferably a blunt-tipped needle. In modalities, a method of lifting a patient's breast is provided comprising the steps of: (i) introducing a first suspension member comprising a first support line with a first end and a second end, and a first anchor member with a first end and a second end, the first support line being connected at its second end to a first anchor member at its first end, on the lateral or medial side of the breast, (ii) introducing a second suspension member comprising a second support line with a first end and a second end, and a second anchor member with a first end and a second end, the second support line being connected at its second end to a second anchor member at its first end, on the opposite side of the breast from the first suspension member,and (iii) connecting the first end of the first support line to the first end of the second support line in a position superior to the breast's NAC, or securing the first end of the first support line and the first end of the second support line to position the tissue superior to the breast's NAC, or inserting a strut in a position superior to the breast's NAC and connecting the first ends of the support lines of the suspension members to the strut. In one embodiment, the method comprises inserting suspension members comprising anchor members with introducer housing tips at their second ends. An introducer tool can be inserted into an introducer housing tip and used to insert a suspension member into a defined channel in the breast created by a blunt dissecting tool. In other embodiments, the introducer housing tip has a shape designed for blunt dissection.and can be used with the introducer tool to form a defined channel in the breast by blunt dissection and deliver the suspension member to the breast. In certain modalities, the introducer housing tip has a conical shape and a blunt driving tip so that it can be used to form a channel in the breast for the suspension member. In certain modalities, a defined channel in the breast for the suspension member is created by pushing the introducer housing tip into the breast with sufficient force to penetrate the breast tissue. In certain modalities, the breast lifting method comprises fixing support lines in the posture tissue, where the posture tissue is muscle, pectoral muscle, intercostal tissue, fascia, bone, rib, clavicle, ligament, tendon, and skin. In certain modalities, the method further comprises inserting a strut comprising a first arm with first and second ends,a second arm with first and second ends, and a central element with first and second ends, wherein the second end of the first arm is joined to the first end of the element, and the second end of the second arm is joined to the second end of the element. In some modalities, the first end of one of the strut arms is joined to a needle, and the needle is used to form a channel in the breast for insertion of the strut, or the first ends of both arms are joined to needles, and the needles are used to form a channel in the breast for insertion of the strut. In some modalities, the strut element is a textile or plate. In some modalities, the breast lifting method comprises applying tension to the first end of the first support line and connecting it to the first arm of the strut, and applying tension to the first end of the second support line and connecting it to the second arm of the strut. In some modalities,The method further comprises using anchor members with retainers, attaching the retainers to the breast tissue, and applying a force to the retainers to lift the breast. Preferably, the retainers have tips that are angled to engage the breast tissue as the anchor member moves in a bottom-to-top direction. In some modalities, the angle between: (i) the first end of the anchor member and the apex of the angle, and (ii) the tip of the retainer and the apex of the angle, is less than 90 degrees. In some modalities, the method comprises using support lines that include or are configured with fastening elements, and the fastening elements are attached to the breast tissue to anchor the support lines in place. In modalities, a method of lifting a patient's breast is provided comprising the steps of: (i) inserting into the lateral or medial side of the breast a first suspension member comprising a first support line with a first and a second end, and a first anchor member with a first and a second end, the first support line being connected at its second end to a first anchor member at its first end, (ii) inserting into the opposite side of the breast to the first suspension member, a second suspension member comprising a second support line with a first and a second end, and a second anchor member with a first and a second end, the second support line being connected at its second end to a second anchor member at its first end,and (iii) connecting the first end of the first support line to the first end of the second support line in a position superior to the NAC of the breast, or fixing the first end of the first support line and the first end of the second support line to position the tissue superior to the NAC of the breast, or inserting a strut in a position superior to the NAC of the breast, and connecting the first ends of the support lines of the suspension members to the strut, further comprising one or more of the following steps: (i) making one or more piercing incisions in the breast, (ii) creating straight or curved channels in the medial and lateral sides of the breast by blunt dissection for the insertion of suspension members, (iii) inserting a suspension member into an introducer tool, and deploying the suspension member into the breast of the introducer tool,(iv) inserting an introducer tool into an introducer housing tip connected to the second end of an anchor member of the suspension member, and deploying the suspension member into the breast using the introducer tool, (v) inserting an introducer tool into an introducer housing tip connected to the second end of an anchor member of the suspension member, and using the introducer housing tip to form a defined channel in the breast and implant the suspension member into the breast, (vi) inserting a suspension member into the breast where the suspension member is partially or completely covered by or inserted into a liner, and removing the liner after insertion of the suspension member, optionally removing the liner in a bottom-to-top direction, preferably removing the liner through the upper pole of the breast,(vii) applying tension to one or more of the suspension members in a lower-to-upper direction to lift the breast, optionally after seating the patient in an upright position, (viii) creating a channel superior to the NAC of the breast by blunt dissection for insertion of a strut, optionally by attaching one or more needles to the strut, using the one or more needles attached to the strut to create the channel, and removing the one or more needles from the strut, and (ix) trimming the support lines after connecting the support lines together. In modalities, a method of breast lift and NAC of a patient is provided, comprising: providing a piercing incision tool, an introducer tool, and a mastopexy implant, wherein the mastopexy implant comprises a suspension member comprising a support line with a first and a second end, and an anchor member with a first and a second end, the support line being connected at its second end to the anchor member at its first end, and the anchor member being connected at its second end to an introducer housing tip, making a piercing incision in the breast, inserting the distal tip of the introducer tool into the introducer housing tip and placing the introducer housing tip into the piercing incision,creating a defined channel in the breast and supplying the suspension member by pushing the introducer tool through the breast tissue with sufficient penetration force to penetrate the breast tissue, and in a manner where the implanted support line is superior to the anchor member, removing the introducer tool from the breast, applying tension to the support line in a lower-to-upper direction to lift the breast, and securing the support line in a position superior to the NAC of the breast. In some modalities, the method comprises the use of a porous anchor member with retainers, and optionally where the anchor member is a textile or mesh. In some modalities, the breast lifting method comprises making the puncture incision superior to the NAC of the breast, and forming the defined channel in the breast starting from a position superior to the NAC of the breast, or where the puncture incision is made inferior to the arrow.The defined channel is created starting from a position lower than the breast's NAC (nose of the abdomen). In some variations, the method also includes creating a defined channel higher than the breast's NAC, inserting a strut into the channel, tensioning the support lines, and attaching the tensioned support lines to the strut. In various modalities, the implants comprise a suspension member, the suspension member comprises a support line connected to an anchor member, and the anchor member is suspended on the support line. In certain modalities, a minimally invasive mastopexy method is provided which includes providing a first suspension member and a second suspension member, each comprising a support line with a first and a second end, and an anchor member with a first and a second end, the support line being connected at its second end to the anchor member at its first end, and wherein the anchor member is connected to a support line at only one end; advancing the first suspension member in the breast by blunt dissection to a first location in the breast; advancing the second suspension member in the breast by blunt dissection to a second location in the breast; lifting the breast by pulling on the suspension members in a lower-to-upper direction;and connect the support line of the first suspension member to the support line of the second suspension member, or fix the support lines of the suspension members to the tissue, or advance a strut into the breast, superior to the NAC of the breast, and connect the support lines of the suspension members to the strut. In some modalities, the first and second locations in the breast are superior to the NAC. In some modalities, the support lines of the suspension members are inserted at locations superior to the NAC, and used to harvest breast tissue from a lower location in the breast to a higher location in the breast. In some modalities, the first and second locations in the breast are inferior to the NAC. In some modalities, the support lines of the suspension members are inserted at locations inferior to the NAC, and used to harvest breast tissue from a lower location in the breast to a higher location in the breast. In some modalities, the suspension members are advanced into the breast partially or completely within a lining. In others, the suspension members within the linings are advanced into the breast and then joined with tissue by removing the linings. In still others, the linings are removed through the upper pole of the breast. In some modalities, the suspension members are advanced into the breast using an introducer tool that is inserted into an introducer housing tip connected to the second end of the suspension member's anchoring member. In still others, the introducer housing tip is used to create a defined channel in the breast by blunt dissection. In some modalities, the struts are advanced into the breast by connecting one or more needles to the struts, and the one or more needles are removed after the strut is implanted. In some modalities, the implants are folded or rolled into a three-dimensional shape for delivery into the breast. In others, the implants are three-dimensionally shaped and are inserted into an introducer tool for delivery into the breast. In still others, the implants have shape memory. Shape memory allows the implants to unfold into a desired shape after delivery to the implant site. In some procedures, implants can be placed without removing any patient tissue. Implants can be placed without removing the patient's skin. In some modalities, the implants are implanted using blunt dissection by inserting a blunt dissecting tool into the breast, pushing the tool through the breast tissue with sufficient penetrating force to create a channel for the implant. In some modalities, the blunt dissecting tool is formed by connecting an introducer tool to an introducer housing tip. In various modalities, the implant serves to provide the surgeon with the means to deliver cells, stem cells, gels, hydrogels, bioactive agents, drugs, biological agents, fat tissue, autologous fat, liposuctioned fat, adipose cells, fibroblast cells, and other materials to the implant site. In some models, the implants have an endotoxin content of less than 20 endotoxin units. In some models, the implants are sterile. The implants are preferably sterilized with ethylene oxide, cold ethylene oxide, electron beam irradiation, or gamma irradiation. It should be noted that the implants and methods described herein differ substantially from other implants and methods previously disclosed for mastopexy and breast reconstruction. First, the implants are inserted using puncture incisions and blunt dissection to create a defined channel in the breast rather than large surgical incisions. This approach reduces breast scarring. Second, the implants are sized for insertion through a puncture incision rather than using longer or more open surgical incisions. Third, the procedure can be performed without the use of general anesthesia. Fourth, the implants are not slings used like hammocks to lift the lower pole of the breast. Inserting these implants does not require extensive dissection of a plane of tissue in the lower pole of the breast for the insertion of a sling. These advantages, as well as other objectives and advantages of the present invention, will become evident from the following detailed description, together with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagram showing the breast profile of a patient 1 and a NAC 2, and breast lift implants, namely a first suspension member 3, a second suspension member 4, and a strut 5. After implantation and tensioning, suspension members 3 and 4 are connected to the strut 5 at connection points 6. Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of a mastopexy system with a first suspension member 10, a second suspension member 11, a strut 12, and two introducer tools 13 with straight needles. Figure 3 is a diagram of a suspension member 20 showing a support line 21 with a first end 22 and a second end 23, and an anchor member 24 with a first end 25 and a second end 26, and the second end of the support line connected to the first end of the anchor member. Figure 4 is a diagram of a suspension member 30 with a support line 31 connected to an anchor member with a ladder-shaped structure 32. The anchor member is formed from three retainers 33 inserted into the ladder-shaped structure 32. Detail a shows an expansion of area A of the support line 31, and shows fastening elements 34 formed with a stitch construction of two columns of spirals. Figure 5 is a diagram of a suspension member 40 showing a support line 41 with a first end 42 and a second end 43, an anchor member 44 with a first end 45, a second end 46, three retainers 47, and an introducer housing tip 48 connected to the second end of the anchor member 46. Detail A is an expansion of area A, and shows a retainer 50, the ladder-like structure of the anchor member 51, the base section of the retainer 52, the tip of the retainer 53, and the retainer secured in the ladder-like cross structure 54. Detail B is an expansion of area B, and shows the location 60 for inserting the introducer tool into the introducer housing tip 61, and the tapered tip 62 used to channel the suspension member into the breast.Detail C is an expansion of area C, and shows the section of support line 70 that can be connected to an implanted strut, fixed in tissue, or connected to the support line of a second suspension member. Figure 6 is a diagram showing two views of a retainer 80 with a section at LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi base 81, a tip 82, and slots 83 to secure the retainer to a ladder-shaped structure of an anchor member. Figure 7 is a diagram showing two views of a retainer 90 with a base section 91, a tip 92, an angled tooth 93, and slots 94 for securing the retainer to a ladder-shaped structure of an anchor member. Figure 8 is a diagram showing an introducer tool 100 with a straight needle 101 inserted into an introducer housing tip 102 connected to an anchor member 103 of a suspension member 104. Detail D is an expansion of area D, and shows the distal end of the introducer tool (105) inserted into the introducer housing tip 102, and the connection 106 of the introducer housing tip 102 to the ladder-shaped structure 107 of an anchor member. Figure 9 is a diagram showing a strut 110 with a first arm 111 having a first end 112 and a second end 113, a second arm 114 having a first end 115 and a second end 116, and a member 117 with a first end 118 and a second end 119, with the second end of the first arm connected to the first end of the member, and the second end of the second arm connected to the second end of the member. A blunt-tipped needle 122 is connected to the first end of the first arm 111, and a second blunt-tipped needle 123 is connected to the first end 115 of the second arm 114. Detail F is an expansion of area F, showing perforations 120 in the member and teeth 121 on the member's surface. Figure 10 is a diagram showing the profile of a patient's breast 130 and the breast NAC 131, and an introducer tool 132 loaded with a first suspension member 133 inserted into one side of the patient's breast. The introducer tool loaded with the first suspension member is inserted into the breast in the direction indicated by the arrow, through the location of the puncture incision 134. Figure 11 is a diagram showing the profile of a patient's breast 140 and the patient's NAC 141, a first suspension member 142 deployed on one side of the patient's breast, and an introducer tool 143 loaded with a second suspension member 144 inserted on the other side of the patient's breast. The first suspension member is inserted into the patient's breast through the puncture incision location 145, and the second suspension member is inserted into the breast in the direction indicated by the arrow, through the puncture incision location 146. Figure 12 is a diagram showing the profile of a patient's breast 150 and the patient's NAC 151, a first suspension member 152, a second suspension member 153, and an introducer tool 154 loaded with a strut 155 for insertion of the strut into the patient's breast in a position superior to the patient's NAC. The first suspension member is inserted into the patient's breast through the puncture incision location 156, and the second suspension member and strut are inserted into the patient's breast through the puncture incision location 157. Figure 13 is a diagram showing the profile of a patient's breast 160 and the patient's NAC 161, a first suspension member 162, a second suspension member 163, and an introducer tool 164 loaded with a strut 165 inserted through the puncture incision location 166, and the distal tip of the introducer tool 167 exiting through the puncture incision location 168. The first suspension member is inserted into the patient's breast through the puncture incision location 168, and the second suspension member is inserted into the patient's breast through the puncture incision location 166. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Before the present invention is described in detail, it should be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular variations set forth herein, as various changes or modifications may be made to the described invention, and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. As will be evident to those skilled in the art after reading this disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has distinct components and features that can be readily separated from or combined with the features of any other embodiment without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, material, composition, process, act(s), or process step(s) to the objective(s), spirit, or scope of the present invention.It is envisaged that all these modifications are within the scope of the claims made herein. The methods listed herein may be carried out in any logically possible order of the listed events, as well as in the listed order of events. Furthermore, when a range of values ​​is provided, it is understood that every intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of that range and any other stated or intermediate value within that stated range is encompassed within the invention. Additionally, it is contemplated that any optional features of the described variations of the invention may be disclosed and claimed independently or in combination with any one or more of the features described herein. to LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi All existing subject matter of interest mentioned herein (e.g., publications, patents, patent applications and hardware) is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, except to the extent that such subject matter may conflict with that of the present invention (in which case the material contained herein shall prevail). Reference to a singular element includes the possibility of a plurality of the same elements being present. More specifically, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms a, said, and the include plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should be noted further that claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as a basis for the use of exclusive terminology such as solely, only, and the like in connection with mentioning the elements of the claim, or the use of a negative limitation. Now, returning to Figures 1 and 2, the anatomy of a patient's breast and a breast lift system are depicted to facilitate understanding of the invention. Specifically, Figure 1 is a diagram showing the profile of a patient's breast 1 and a NAC 2, and breast lift implants composed of a first suspension member 3, a second suspension member 4, and a strut 5. The suspension members are inserted into the medial and lateral sides of the breast and raised in a superior direction to lift the breast. After tensioning the suspension members to lift the breast, the suspension members can be secured directly to the patient's tissue, secured to each other, or preferably connected to a strut 5 that is inserted into the breast above the patient's NAC at connection points 6. Figure 2 is a diagram showing a mastopexy implant and tool system comprising a first suspension member 10, a second suspension member 11, a strut 12, and two straight needle introducer tools 13. The introducer tools are used to implant the first and second suspension members on the medial and lateral sides of the breast. The strut is implanted in the breast superior to the breast's anterior cervical spine (ACS). After insertion into the breast, the first and second suspension members are lifted superiorly to tension the suspension members and lift the breast. The lifted breast can be held in place by connecting the tensioned suspension members to the strut, by securing the suspension members to the patient's tissue, or by connecting the suspension members to each other. To further aid understanding, the following definitions are provided. However, it should also be appreciated that unless otherwise defined herein, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi as commonly understood by a person of ordinary experience in the art to which this invention pertains. DEFINITIONS Absorbed, as generally used herein, means that the material is broken down in the body, and the products of breakdown are eliminated or excreted from the body. The terms absorbed, broken down, degraded, and eroded, with or without the prefix -ous, may be used interchangeably herein to describe materials that are broken down and gradually absorbed, excreted, or eliminated by the body, whether the breakdown is due primarily to hydrolysis or is mediated by metabolic processes. Bioactive agent, as generally used herein, refers to therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic agents, preferably agents that promote healing and regeneration of host tissue, and also therapeutic agents that prevent, inhibit, or eliminate infections. Bioactive agent includes a single such agent and is also intended to include a plurality. Combination as generally used herein means a physical combination of different polymers, as opposed to a copolymer formed from two or more different monomers. Burst strength as generally used herein is determined in accordance with ASTM D6797-02 (Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test) under ambient conditions using a ball burst fitting with a circular opening of 1.6 cm and a half-round probe of 1 cm in diameter. Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate copolymers as generally used herein means any polymer containing 4-hydroxybutyrate with one or more different hydroxy acid units. Endotoxin content as generally used herein refers to the amount of endotoxin present in an implant or sample, and is determined by the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The inframammary fold, or IMF as it is generally used herein, is the position where the lower pole of the breast meets the chest wall. Lower pole as generally used herein means the part of the breast located between the inframammary fold (IMF) and the nipple meridian reference, and projects away from the chest wall. Molecular weight as generally used herein, unless otherwise specified, refers to weighted average molecular weight (Mw), not average molecular weight number (Mn), and is measured by GPC with respect to polystyrene. to LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate, as generally used herein, means a homopolymer containing 4-hydroxybutyrate units. It may be referred to herein as P4HB biomaterial or TephaFLEX® (manufactured by Tepha, Inc., Lexington, MA). Retainer, as generally used herein, means a shaped object that is incorporated into an anchor member and can attach to tissue. The retainer typically has a sharp point for attachment to tissue. Examples of suitable retainers that can be incorporated into anchor members include hooks, darts, anchors, and prongs. Suture pull-out strength, as generally used herein, means the peak load (kg) at which an implant fails to retain a suture. It is determined using a pull-out testing machine by securing an implant to a horizontal clamping plate, threading a suture into a loop through the implant at a distance of 1 cm from the implant edge, and securing the suture arms to a fiber clamp positioned above the implant. Testing is performed at a crosshead speed of 100 mm / min, and the peak load (kg) is recorded. The suture is selected so that the implant will fail before the suture fails. Upper pole as generally used herein means the upper part located between the upper pole reference and the nipple meridian reference, and projects away from the chest wall. MATERIALS FOR THE PREPARATION OF IMPLANTS FOR SCARLESS MASTOPEXY In various modalities, implant and mastopexy systems have been developed using a wide variety of materials to perform blunt dissection mastopexy procedures that result in minimal visible scarring. Implants produce an aesthetically pleasing breast by lifting the breast tissue. Implants create new tissue planes within the breast that can support the load of the lifted breast for an extended period. Implants eliminate the need for sling devices to lift the breast and extensive dissection of breast tissue for sling device implantation, which can result in significant visible breast scarring. A. Polymers for the preparation of implants and systems for mastopexy Mastopexy implants may comprise permanent materials, such as non-degradable thermoplastic polymers, including ethylene and propylene polymers and copolymers, including ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene, nylon, polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(tetrafluoroethylene), polyurethanes, poly(ether-urethanes), poly(methyl methacrylate), polyether ether ketone, polyolefins, and poly(ethylene oxide). However, implants preferably comprise absorbable materials, more preferably thermoplastic or polymeric absorbable materials, and even more preferably implants are made entirely of absorbable materials. In some modalities, mastopexy systems may comprise permanent materials used to facilitate implant delivery, and implants comprising absorbable materials.For example, the mastopexy system may comprise an implant comprising a suspension member comprising an absorbable material, and a liner used for implant delivery made of a permanent material. In a preferred embodiment, the implants are made of one or more absorbable polymers, preferably absorbable thermoplastic polymers and copolymers. The implant may, for example, be prepared from polymers including, but not limited to, polymers of glycolic acid, lactic acid, 1,4-dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, adipic acid, 3-hydroxybutyrate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, c-caprolactone, including polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, polydioxanone, polycaprolactone, glycolic and lactic acid copolymers, such as VICRYL®, MAXON®, and MONOCRYL® polymers, and including poly(lactido-co-caprolactones); poly(orthoesters); polyanhydrides; poly(phosphazenes); polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs); synthetically or biologically prepared polyesters; polycarbonates; tyrosine polycarbonates; polyamides (including synthetic and natural polyamides, polypeptides, and poly(amino acids)); polyesteramides; poly(alkylene alkylates);polyethers (such as polyethylene glycol, PEG, and polyethylene oxide, PEO); polyvinylpyrrolidones or PVP; polyurethanes; polyethers; polyacetals; polycyanoacrylates; poly(oxyethylene) / poly(oxypropylene) copolymers; polyacetals, polyketales; polyphosphates; polymers (containing phosphorus); polyphosphoesters; polyalkylene oxalates; polyalkylene succinates; poly(maleic acids); silk (including recombinant silks and silk derivatives and analogues); chitin; chitosan; modified chitosan; keratin, biocompatible polysaccharides;Hydrophilic or water-soluble polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), with blocks of other biocompatible or biodegradable polymers, for example, poly(lactide), poly(lactide-co-glycolide), or polycaprolactone and copolymers thereof, including random copolymers and block copolymers thereof. Preferably, the absorbable polymer or copolymer will be substantially reabsorbed after implantation within a time frame of 1 to 24 months, more preferably a time frame of 3 to 18 months. Preferably, the absorbable polymer will retain some residual strength for at least 2 weeks to 3 months. Combinations of polymers, preferably absorbable polymers, can also be used to prepare mastopexy implants. Particularly preferred combinations of absorbable polymers are prepared from absorbable polymers including, but not limited to, polymers comprising glycolic acid, lactic acid, 1,4-dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, adipic acid, 3-hydroxybutyrate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, ε-caprolactone, or copolymers thereof. to LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi In a particularly preferred modality, poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB™ polymer from Tepha, Lexington, MA) or a copolymer thereof is used to fabricate the implant. Copolymers include P4HB with another hydroxy acid, such as 3-hydroxybutyrate, and P4HB with glycolic acid or lactic acid monomers. Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate is a strong, foldable, biocompatible, and absorbable thermoplastic polyester (Williams et al. Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB): a new generation of resorbable medical devices for tissue repair and regeneration, Biomed. Tech. 58(5):439-452 (2013)). Following implantation, P4HB is hydrolyzed to its monomer, and the monomer is metabolized via the Krebs cycle to carbon dioxide and water. In a preferred embodiment, the P4HB homopolymer and copolymers thereof have a weighted average molecular weight, Mw, within the range of 50 kDa to 1,200 kDa (by GPC with respect to polystyrene) and more preferably from 100 kDa to 600 kDa.A weighted average molecular weight of the polymer of 50 kDa or higher is preferred for processing and mechanical properties. In another preferred embodiment, the mastopexy implants comprise a polymer comprising at least one diol and one diacid. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polymer used to prepare the mastopexy implant is poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), wherein the diol is 1,4-butanediol and the diacid is succinic acid. The poly(butylene succinate) polymer may be a copolymer with other diols, other diacids, or a combination thereof. For example, the polymer may be a copolymer of poly(butylene succinate) further comprising one or more of the following: 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, glutaric acid, adipic acid, terephthalic acid, malonic acid, methylsuccinic acid, dimethylsuccinic acid, and oxalic acid.Examples of preferred poly(butylene succinate) copolymers are: poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate), poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene methyl succinate), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene dimethyl succinate), poly(butylene succinate-co-ethylene succinate), and poly(butylene succinate-co-propylene succinate). The poly(butylene succinate) polymer or copolymer may also further comprise one or more of the following: a chain extender, a coupling agent, a crosslinking agent, and a branching agent. For example, the polymer of poly(butylene succinate) or copolymer thereof may be branched, chain extended, or crosslinked by the addition of one or more of the following agents: malic acid, trimethylol propane, trimesic acid, citric acid, glycerol propoxylate, and tartaric acid.The particularly preferred agents for branching, chain-extending, or crosslinking the poly(butylene succinate) polymer or copolymer thereof are hydroxycarboxylic acid units. Preferably, the hydroxycarboxylic acid units have two carboxyl groups and one hydroxyl group, two hydroxyl groups and one carboxyl group, three carboxyl groups and one hydroxyl group, or two hydroxyl groups and two carboxyl groups. In a preferred embodiment, the breast implants comprise poly(butylene succinate) comprising malic acid LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi as a branching, chain-extending, or crosslinking agent. This poly(butylene succinate) copolymer may be referred to as poly(butylene succinate) crosslinked or chain-extended with malic acid, succinic acid-l,4-butanediol-malic acid copolyester, or poly(l,4-butylene glycol-co-succinic acid) crosslinked or chain-extended with malic acid.It should be understood that references to malic acid and other crosslinking agents, coupling agents, branching agents, and chain extenders include polymers prepared with these agents where the agent has undergone an additional reaction during processing. For example, the agent may undergo dehydration during polymerization. Thus, the poly(butylene succinate)-malic acid copolymer refers to a copolymer prepared from succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and malic acid. In another preferred embodiment, malic acid may be used as a branching, chain-extending, or crosslinking agent to prepare a poly(butylene succinate) copolymer with adipate, which may be referred to as crosslinked or chain-extended poly[(butylene succinate)-coadipate] with malic acid.As used herein, poly(butylene succinate) and copolymers include polymers and copolymers prepared with one or more of the following: chain extenders, coupling agents, crosslinking agents, and branching agents. In a particularly preferred embodiment, poly(butylene succinate) and copolymers thereof contain at least 70%, more preferably 80%, and even more preferably 90% by weight of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol units. Polymers comprising diacids and diols, including poly(butylene succinate) and copolymers thereof and others described herein, preferably have a weighted average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 Da to 400,000 Da, more preferably 50,000 Da to 300,000 Da, and even more preferably 100,000 Da to 200,000 Da based on gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with respect to polystyrene standards.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polymers and copolymers have a weighted average molecular weight of 50,000 Da to 300,000 Da, and more preferably 75,000 Da to 300,000 Da. In a preferred embodiment, the poly(butylene succinate) or copolymer thereof used to make the implant, or a component of the implant, has one or more, or all of the following properties: density of 1.23-1.26 g / cm3, glass transition temperature of -31 °C to -35 °C, melting point of 113 °C to 117 °C, melt flow rate (MFR) at 190 °C / 2.16 kgf of 2 to 10 g / 10 min, and tensile strength of 30 to 60 MPa. B. Additives Certain additives may be incorporated into the implant, preferably into the absorbable polymer, copolymer, or combinations thereof used to manufacture the implant. Preferably, these additives are incorporated during a compounding process to produce granules that can be subsequently melt-processed. For example, the granules can be extruded into fibers suitable for manufacturing the implants. Alternatively, additives can be incorporated using a solution-based process; for example, fibers can be spun from solutions of the polymer and one or more additives. In a preferred embodiment, the additives are biocompatible, and even more preferably the additives are both biocompatible and absorbable. In one embodiment, the additives can be nucleating agents and / or plasticizers. These additives can be added in sufficient quantity to produce the desired result. Generally, these additives can be added in amounts between 1% and 20% by weight. Nucleating agents can be incorporated to increase the crystallization rate of the polymer, copolymer, or combination. Such agents can be used, for example, to facilitate implant fabrication and to improve the implant's mechanical properties. Preferred nucleating agents include, but are not limited to, salts of organic acids such as calcium citrate, PHA polymers or oligomers, polymers and copolymers, high-melting-point polymers such as PGA, talc, micronized mica, calcium carbonate, ammonium chloride, and aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine and phenylalanine. Plasticizers that may be incorporated into compositions for preparing implants include, but are not limited to, di-n-butyl maleate, methyl laureate, dibutyl fumarate, di(2-ethylhexyl) (dioctyl) maleate, paraffin, dodecanol, olive oil, soybean oil, polyethylene glycols, methyl oleate, n-propyl oleate, tetrahydrofurfuryl oleate, epoxidized linseed oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxidate, glycerol triacetate, methyl linoleate, dibutyl fumarate, acetyl methyl ricinoleate, tri(n-butyl) acetyl citrate, triethyl acetyl citrate, tri(n-butyl) citrate, triethyl citrate, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) dimerate, butyl ricinoleate, tri-(acetyl ricinoleate) of glyceryl, methyl ricinoleate, n-butyl acetyl ricinoleate, propylene glycol ricinoleate, diethyl succinate, diisobutyl adipate, dimethyl azelate, di(n-hexyl) azelate, tri-butyl phosphate, and mixtures thereof.The particularly preferred plasticizers are citrate esters. C. Bioactive agents Implants can be loaded or coated with bioactive agents. Bioactive agents can be included in implants for a variety of reasons. For example, they can be used to enhance tissue growth toward the implant, improve tissue maturation, provide a delivery of an active agent, improve implant wettability, prevent infection, and enhance cell adhesion. Bioactive agents can also be incorporated into the implant structure. Implants may contain cell adhesion factors, including cell adhesion polypeptides. As used herein, the term cell adhesion polypeptides refers to compounds that have at least two amino acids per molecule that are capable of binding cells via cell surface molecules. Cell adhesion polypeptides include any of the extracellular matrix proteins known to play a role in cell adhesion, including fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, elastin, fibrinogen, collagen types I, II, and V, as well as synthetic peptides with similar cell adhesion properties. Cell adhesion polypeptides also include peptides derived from any of the aforementioned proteins, including fragments or sequences containing the binding domains. Implants may incorporate wetting agents designed to enhance the wettability of implant structure surfaces, allowing fluids to be readily adsorbed onto these surfaces, promoting cell adhesion, or modifying the water contact angle of the implant surface. Examples of wetting agents include ethylene oxide and propylene oxide polymers, such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, or copolymers thereof, such as PLURONICS®. Other suitable wetting agents include surfactants or emulsifiers. Implants may contain gels, hydrogels, or live hydrogel hybrids to further enhance wetting properties and promote cell growth through the scaffold thickness. Hydrogel hybrids consist of live cells encapsulated in a biocompatible hydrogel such as gelatin, methacrylate gelatin (GelMa), silk gels, and hyaluronic acid (HA) gels. Implants may contain active agents designed to stimulate cell growth, including growth factors, cell differentiation factors, cell recruitment factors, cell receptors, cell binding factors, cell signaling molecules such as cytokines, and molecules to promote cell migration, cell division, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Such active agents include fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and combinations thereof. Other bioactive agents that can be incorporated into implants include antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics, disinfectants, oncology agents, anti-scarring agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anesthetics, small-molecule drugs, anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic factors, immunomodulatory agents, and blood clotting agents. Bioactive agents can be proteins such as collagen and antibodies, peptides, polysaccharides such as chitosan, alginate, keratin, hyaluronic acid and their derivatives, nucleic acid molecules, small molecular weight compounds such as steroids, inorganic materials such as hydroxyapatite, or complex mixtures such as platelet-rich plasma. Suitable antimicrobial agents include: bacitracin, biguanide, triclosan, gentamicin, minocycline, rifampin, vancomycin, cephalosporins, copper, zinc, silver, and gold.Nucleic acid molecules can include DNA, RNA, siRNA, miRNA, antisense, or aptamers. Implants may also contain allograft material and xenograft materials, including acellular dermal matrix material and small bowel submucosa (SIS). Additionally, human fat, such as autologous fat grafts, can be added or injected into the implant scaffold. Liposuctioned fat tissue from the patient can be added to the internal or external surface of the implant. In areas where the implant is porous, the fat tissue and globules can be held in place within the implant's pores. In another approach, the harvested fat tissue is mixed with a natural or synthetic fluid scaffold matrix that is added to the implant to help hold the fat globules in place. Examples of natural and synthetic fluid scaffold matrices include, but are not limited to, hydrogels, water-soluble polymers, polyesters, and hydrophilic polymers, including polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and polymers of fibrin, thrombin, alginate, collagen, chitosan, and silk. In yet another preferred modality, implants can incorporate systems for the controlled release of therapeutic or prophylactic agents. COMPONENTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MASTOPEXY IMPLANTS A variety of methods can be used to manufacture implants and systems for mastopexy. The implants may comprise the fibers disclosed herein. Fibers to Make Mastopexy Implants The implants may comprise fibers. The fibers are preferably made of absorbable thermoplastic polymers, and even more preferably of absorbable thermoplastic polyesters. The fibers are preferably made of the absorbable materials listed above. The fibers may be monofilament fibers, multifilament fibers, or combinations thereof. Particularly preferred implants comprise monofilament fibers. The fibers may be non-oriented, partially oriented, highly oriented, or combinations thereof, but are preferably oriented. The fibers preferably have elongation at break values ​​of 3% to 100%, more preferably 3% to 50%. The fibers may have diameters ranging from 1 micron to 5 mm, more preferably from 10 microns to 1 mm, and even more preferably from 50 microns to 500 microns.The fibers can have weighted average molecular weights ranging from 10 kDa to 1,200 kDa, but more preferably from 50 kDa to 600 kDa. The fibers preferably retain at least 50% of their initial strength in vivo for 1–6 months, more preferably for 2–4 months. The fibers preferably degrade completely within 5 years of implantation, and more preferably within 2 years of implantation. to LOznn / eznz / E / YiAi The fibers preferably have initial tensile strengths ranging from 1 to 1,300 MPa, and more preferably from 50 MPa to 1,000 MPa. In one modality, the implants comprise fibers with one or more of the following properties: an elongation at break of 10-100%, and a tensile strength of 300-1,000 MPa. In a preferred embodiment, mastopexy implants comprise fibers made of P4HB, and more preferably of P4HB monofilament fiber. The P4HB monofilament fibers are preferably partially or fully oriented (i.e., partially or fully drawn out after extrusion). In one embodiment, the P4HB monofilament fiber can be produced according to the following method. Bulk P4HB resin in granule form is dried under 300 ppm water using a rotary vane vacuum pump system. The dried resin is transferred to an extruder feed hopper with nitrogen purging to keep the granules dry. The granules are gravity-fed into the cooled feeder section and fed into an extruder barrel, 3.8 cm (1.5 in) in diameter, equipped with an extrusion screw with a 30:1 L / D ratio.The extruder barrel preferably contains five heating zones (or extrusion zones) and is manufactured by American Kuhne. The heated and softened resin from the extruder is fed into a hot metering pump (melt pump), and from the melt pump, the extruded resin is fed to the heated block and an eight-hole spinning nozzle assembly. Suitable processing profile ranges are 40°C to 260°C for temperatures and 2.76 MPa to 13.8 MPa (400 psi to 2000 psi) for pressures. The molten filaments are preferably water-quenched and optionally conveyed to an orientation line, preferably a three-stage orientation line, and optionally with in-line relaxation, before the monofilaments are wound onto spools.This process can, for example, be used to produce P4HB monofilament fibers with one or more of the following properties: an elongation at break of 10–100%, a tensile strength of 50–1,300 MPa, and a tensile modulus of elasticity of 70–1,000 MPa. P4HB monofilament fibers can have average diameters ranging from 20 microns to 1 mm, but are more preferably from 50 microns to 500 microns. In one form, P4HB monofilament fibers can have USP (United States Pharmacopeia) sizes of 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-0, 6-0, 7-0, 8-0, 9-0, 10-0, 11-0, and 12-0. In another embodiment, mastopexy implants comprise fibers made from P4HB monofilament fiber. P4HB multifilament fibers or copolymers thereof can be spun, for example, as follows: The polymer, copolymer, or combination thereof is granulated and dried so that the moisture content of the polymer, copolymer, or combination is less than 300 ppm. The dried granules are placed in the feed hopper of an extruder and protected from moisture, for example, by a dry nitrogen purge. The granules are gravity-fed into a cooled feeder section and introduced into a suitable extruder barrel by an extrusion screw. A suitable extruder barrel has a diameter of 1.91 cm (0.75 inches) and a length of 65.3 cm (25.69 inches), and is equipped with an extrusion screw with a 30:1 L / D ratio. American Kuhne makes a suitable extruder.In a preferred embodiment, the extruder barrel contains four heating zones, and a processing profile is set with temperatures ranging from 40°C to 300°C and pressures from 1.38 MPa to 20.7 MPa (200 psi to 3,000 psi). The heated and softened polymer, copolymer, or blend is fed into a metering pump, and from the metering pump, the resin is fed into the heated block. The spinning head is equipped with a yarn assembly comprising filter media (screens) and spinning nozzles containing the desired number of holes to form the individual filaments of the multifilament yarn. For example, the spinning nozzle may have 15, 30, 60, 120, or more holes. The extruded filaments exit the spinning nozzle and pass through a heated chimney before being allowed to cool.A yarn finish is preferably applied to the yarn, and the yarn can be either collected on a winder or oriented in-line. Suitable yarn finishes include PEG400 and Tween 20™. Multifilament fiber can have a tenacity between 1 and 12 grams per denier. In another preferred embodiment, the mastopexy implants comprise fibers made of poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, and more preferably of monofilament fibers of poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof. The monofilament fibers of poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof are preferably partially or fully oriented (i.e., partially or fully stretched after extrusion). In one embodiment, the monofilament fibers of poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof can be produced according to the following method. Bulk resin is dried under vacuum overnight to less than 0.01% (w / w) water. The dry polymer granules are fed under a nitrogen blanket into the extruder barrel of an American Kuhne 21 / z (6.35 cm) (30:1 L:D, 3:1 compression) single screw extruder equipped with a Zenith type metering pump model HPB917, a die with a 0.5 mm - 8 holes and 8 heating zones. The extruder's 8 heating zones are adjustable between 40°C and 200°C. The extruder is equipped with a water-filled warming bath at 35–70°C, configured with a 10 mm air gap between the bottom of the spinneret and the water surface. Two 5-roller guide pulleys are positioned after the warming bath, followed by three sets of heated conduction chambers fed by the guide pulleys to orient the fiber in multiple stages. The temperatures of the heated chambers are adjustable between 50° and 90°C. Another guide pulley is positioned after the last chamber, followed by a multi-position Sahm winder.This process can, for example, be used to produce monofilament fibers of poly(butylene succinate) or copolymer thereof with one or more of the following properties: an elongation at break of 10–100%, or more preferably 10–50%, a tensile strength of 50–1,300 MPa, or more preferably 400–1,200 MPa, and a tensile modulus of elasticity of 50–3,000 MPa. The monofilament fibers of poly(butylene succinate) and copolymers thereof can have average diameters ranging from 20 microns to 1 mm, but are more preferably from 50 microns to 500 microns. In one embodiment, monofilament fibers of poly(butylene succinate) or copolymers thereof may have USP (United States Pharmacopeia) sizes 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-0, 6-0, 7-0, 8-0, 90, 10-0, 11-0, and 12-0. In another embodiment, mastopexy implants comprise multifilament fiber made of poly(butylene succinate) and copolymers thereof. The multifilament fibers of poly(butylene succinate) or copolymer thereof are preferably partially or fully oriented (i.e., partially or fully drawn out after extrusion). In one embodiment, the multifilament fibers of poly(butylene succinate) or copolymer thereof can be produced according to the following method. Bulk resin is dried under vacuum to less than 0.01% (w / w) water. The dried polymer granules are fed into an extruder barrel of an AJA (Alex James Associates, Greer, SC) single-screw extruder with a 1.9 cm (24:1 L:D) diameter. The extrusion barrel contained four heating zones, a metering pump, and a yarn assembly.The granules are gravity-fed into a cooled feeder section and introduced into the extruder with a set temperature profile as follows: Chimney 40°C - 100°C, Spinning Nozzle 170°C ± 30°C, Pump 170°C ± 30°C, Block 170°C ± 30°C, Zone 4 160°C ± 40°C, Zone 3 150°C ± 40°C, Zone 2 120°C ± 50°C, Zone 1 30°C - 40°C, Feed Zone: Ambient temperature. The heated and homogenized molten resin from the extruder is fed into a hot metering pump (melt pump), and from the melt pump, the extruded resin is fed to the hot block and a spinning nozzle assembly. The spinning nozzle has 30 holes with a capillary diameter of 0.200 millimeters and an IV-D ratio of 2:1. (The spinning nozzle can also be configured in other alternative ways. For example, the spinning nozzle can be configured with capillary diameters from 0.150 to 0.300 millimeters (6 mil to 12 mil) and 15, 120, and 240 holes, as well as larger and smaller diameters and numbers of holes.) The appropriate processing temperature profile varies from 35°C to 250°C with pressures ranging from 1.38 MPa to 34.5 MPa (200 to 5,000 psi) in the barrel and 1.38 MPa to 34.5 MPa (200 to 5,000 psi) in the yarn pack. As the molten filaments exit the yarn pack, they pass through a heated chimney collar that is 15.24–30.48 cm (6–12 inches) long and varies in temperature from 40°C to 100°C, and then through an air tempering box. The yarn assembly is suspended vertically above a roller that takes the yarn at a distance sufficient to allow crystallization of the molten filaments and application of yarn finishing lubricant.A 25% polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) yarn finishing solution is used to bind the filaments together to form a yarn bundle. The speed of the taking-up rollers (typically 3–18 meters per minute) is adjusted in proportion to the melt filament flow rate to control the denier of the yarn bundle as spun. The spun yarn bundle is then conveyed to a Lessona winder for offline further orientation or to a taking-up roller for in-line orientation via a series of pairs of chilled and heated guide pulleys and separator rollers. If desired, the yarn finish can be reactivated by rewetting the yarn bundle with pure water and drawing the yarn at 5–14x ratios and temperatures ranging from 50°C to 90°C.This process can, for example, be used to produce multifilament fibers of poly(butylene succinate) or copolymer thereof with one or more of the following properties: an elongation at break of 10-100%, or more preferably 10-50%, and a tenacity greater than 1 gram per denier, more preferably greater than 4 grams per denier, but less than 14 grams per denier. Textiles for making mastopexy implants The fibers described herein can be processed into textiles, for example, by knitting, sewing, weaving, or crocheting. A particularly preferred textile for preparing mastopexy implants is a two-column coil construction. Another particularly preferred textile for use in preparing mastopexy implants is a mesh, or a warp-woven mesh, and more preferably an absorbable warp-woven mesh. In some cases, the textiles and meshes used to prepare mastopexy implants have burst strengths between 0.6 and 90 N / cm², more preferably between 1.2 and 30 N / cm². In some cases, the textiles and meshes used to prepare mastopexy implants have burst strengths 3 months after implantation of at least 40% of their initial burst strength values. In some modalities, the textiles and meshes used to prepare mastopexy implants are porous and can be replaced in vivo by host tissue that grows within and around the implant and is strong enough to support the breast. The diameters of the mesh pores or pores in the textile are preferably larger than 25 µm, more preferably larger than 75 µm, and even more preferably larger than 250 µm to facilitate ingrowth into the tissue, but smaller than 20 mm, more preferably smaller than 10 mm, and even more preferably smaller than 5 mm. Mastopexy implants comprising textiles, such as knitted and woven meshes, and two-column coil construction textiles, can be produced using P4HB fibers or a copolymer thereof, and poly(butylene succinate) fibers or a copolymer thereof. to LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi Preferably, the fibers are monofilament fibers. Implants comprising oriented or partially oriented monofilament fibers of these polymers and copolymers have a prolonged strength retention profile and can maintain some residual strength for up to a year. The prolonged strength retention of these fibers provides an extended period for tissue ingrowth in textiles made from these fibers. Tissue ingrowth in these textiles leads to the formation of a new tissue plane in the breast that can support a breast lift. Furthermore, the prolonged strength retention of the fibers and textiles means that mastopexy implants comprising these fibers and textiles can provide short-term support for the lifted breast while the new tissue plane develops. In other modalities, mastopexy implants comprising textiles, including two-column coil constructions, or knitted meshes can be produced using polydioxanone fibers, preferably polydioxanone monofilament fibers, and even more preferably oriented polydioxanone monofilament fibers. A knitted P4HB mesh suitable for use in mastopexy implants can be prepared, for example, by the following method. P4HB monofilament fibers from 49 spools are pulled under uniform tension onto the surface of a warp bobbin. A bobbin is a long, wide spool onto which the individual fibers are wound in parallel to provide a fiber sheet ready for coating with a 10% solution of Tween® 20 lubricant. The Tween 20 lubricant is added to the surface of the fiber sheet by means of a rotating 'impregnation' roller immersed in a bath filled with Tween 20. The top surface of the roller is in contact with the fiber sheet, and the roller rotates at a uniform speed to provide a consistent application of the Tween 20 finish.After the application of Tween 20, the fiber sheet is placed on a creel position so that each wound fiber is aligned and wound side-by-side with the next fiber wound onto a warp bobbin. The bobbins are then converted into a finished mesh fabric by means of interlock weaving coils. Eight warp bobbins are mounted in parallel on the feed mechanisms of a knitting machine and fed into the weaving elements at a constant speed determined by the 'loose mesh length'. Each individual monofilament fiber from each bobbin is fed through a series of dynamic tension elements downwards into the weaving 'guides'. Each fiber is passed through a single guide, which is attached to a guide bar. The guide bar directs the fibers around the needles that form the mesh structure.The mesh fabric is then pulled off the needles by the discharge rollers at a constant rate. The mesh fabric is then taken up and wound onto a roller. The P4HB monofilament mesh produced according to this method can be ultrasonically scoured with water, optionally heated in hot water, and optionally washed with a 70% aqueous ethanol solution. In some forms, textiles and meshes made of P4HB monofilaments have one or more of the following properties: (i) a suture pull-out force of at least 1 Kgf, (ii) a burst strength of 0.1 to 100 Kg, (iii) a thickness of 0.05-5 mm, (iv) an area density of 5 to 800 g / m2, and (v) a pore diameter of 5 pm to 5 mm. In certain embodiments, the textile and monofilament meshes have one or more of the following properties: (i) a suture pull-out force of 1 kgf to 20 kgf, (ii) a burst strength of 1 to 50 kg, more preferably 10 to 50 kg, (iii) a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, (iv) an area density of 100 to 300 g / m², and (v) a pore diameter of 100 µm to 1 mm. In certain embodiments, the P4HB monofilament mesh or textile has substantially one or more of the following properties: a pore diameter of 500 ± 100 µm, a thickness of 0.5 ± 0.2 mm, an area density of approximately 182 ± 50 g / m², and a suture pull-out force of 5.6±2 kgf, and a burst strength of at least 15 kg, and more preferably at least 24.5 kg. A suitable knitted mesh of poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof for use in mastopexy implants can be prepared, for example, by the following method. Monofilament fibers from 49 spools are mounted on a creel, aligned side by side, and pulled under uniform tension toward the upper surface of an impregnation roll. The impregnation roll is rotating while partially immersed in a bath filled with a 10% solution of polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate, polyethylene glycol, or another suitable lubricant. The lubricant is deposited onto the surface of the fiber sheet. After lubricant application, the fiber sheet is passed to a reed guide and then wound onto a warp bobbin. A bobbin is a long, wide cylinder onto which the individual fibers are wound parallel to each other to provide a fiber sheet.Next, the spools of warp beams are converted into finished mesh fabric by means of interlocking weaving coils. Eight warp beams are mounted in parallel on the feed mechanisms of a knitting machine and fed into the weaving elements at a constant speed determined by the 'loose mesh length'. Each individual monofilament fiber from each beam is fed through a series of dynamic tension elements downwards within the weaving 'guides'. Each fiber is passed through a single guide, which is attached to a guide bar. The guide bar directs the fibers around the needles that form the mesh fabric structure. The mesh fabric is then pulled off the needles by the unloading rolls at a constant rate determined by the 'quality'. The mesh fabric is then taken up and wound onto a roll and is ready for scoring.The monofilament mesh of poly(butylene succinate) or copolymer thereof is then ultrasonically scoured with water, and can be (i) heated (e.g., in a hot conductive liquid bath or oven), and then (i) washed at LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi with an aqueous solution of 70% ethanol. Meshes and textiles, including a two-column coil construction, made of monofilaments or multifilaments of poly(butylene succinate) or copolymers thereof, preferably have one or more of the following properties: (i) a suture pull-out force of at least 10 N, or at least 20 N, (ii) a burst strength of 0.1 to 100 kgf, more preferably between 1 and 50 kgf, or greater than 0.1 kPa, (iii) a thickness of 0.05-5 mm, (iv) an area density of 5 to 800 g / m2, (v) a pore diameter of 5 pm to 5 mm, or more preferably 100 pm to 1 mm, and (vi) a Taber stiffness of at least 0.01 Taber stiffness units, more preferably 0.1-19 Taber stiffness units.More preferably, these monofilament or multifilament meshes and textiles have one or more of the following properties: (i) a suture pull-out strength of 1 kgf to 20 kgf, (ii) a burst strength of 1 to 50 kgf, more preferably 5 to 30 kgf, (iii) a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, (iv) an area density of 100 to 300 g / m2, and (v) a pore diameter of 100 pm to 1 mm. In another preferred embodiment, the monofilament or multifilament mesh or textile of poly(butylene succinate) or copolymer thereof has substantially one or more of the following properties: a pore diameter of 500±100 pm, a thickness of 0.4±0.3 mm, and an area density of approximately 100±100 pm. 182±50 g / m2, suture extraction force of 5.6±2 kgf, and a burst strength of at least 3 kgf, and more preferably at least 6 kgf. METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MASTOPEXY IMPLANTS AND MASTOPEXY SYSTEMS A variety of methods can be used to manufacture mastopexy implants and mastopexy systems. Preferably, mastopexy implants are absorbable and are designed to withstand the mechanical forces acting on the breast during normal activities at the time of implantation, and to allow a steady-state transition of mechanical forces to the regenerated host tissues, which can also withstand these same mechanical forces once the implant has degraded. Suspension members In certain modalities, mastopexy implants comprise suspension members. Suspension members can be used to lift a patient's breast. Suspension members are not slings designed to form a hammock beneath the lower pole of the breast to lift it. Instead, one or more suspension members are implanted on the lateral side of the breast to lift the lateral side, and one or more suspension members are implanted on the medial side of the breast to lift the medial side. In a preferred modality, suspension members are implanted on both sides of the breast to lift it. In certain modalities, a suspension member 20 comprises a support line 21 and an anchor member 24 (see Fig. 3). The support line 21 has a first end 22 and a second end 23. The anchor member 24 has a first end 25 and a second end 26.The suspension members comprise a support line connected to an anchor member. The support line 21 is connected at its second end 23 to the anchor member 24 at its first end 25. The anchor member 24 is connected only to a support line 21 at its first end 25. The anchor member 24 is not connected to a second support line at its second end 26. In one sense, the second end of the anchor member is shown as a free end in FIG. 3. The suspension members 20 are designed to lift a patient's breast by attaching to the breast tissue with the anchor members 24, and by lifting the attached tissue by applying a force along the support lines 21 in a downward-to-upper direction. The upward force along the support lines is transmitted to the anchor members, resulting in an upward movement of the breast tissue. In some modalities, the suspension members are designed to be implanted on the lateral and medial sides of the breast to lift it. The suspension members are designed to be temporary scaffolds. That is, the suspension members are designed to initially lift the breast, but to be replaced by new tissue after implantation as the suspension member degrades. Over time, the breast support provided by the suspension member is replaced by support from the host tissue. In this way, the breast is lifted by the suspension member, but is maintained in its lifted position longer-term by the tissue that has grown into the breast. In some models, the suspension members retain at least 15% of their initial strength, preferably at least 30%, and even more preferably at least 50% for 12 weeks after implantation. In some breast lift procedures, suspension members are designed to create new tissue planes within the breast that can support a lifted breast as the existing suspension members degrade and lose strength. These members are designed to distribute the load of the lifted breast over the area of ​​the new tissue plane. Using suspension members to distribute the breast load provides a more durable result and avoids load concentration, potential wire-type pressure cuts, and loss of tissue traction that can occur when sutures alone are used in breast lift procedures. In this respect, suspension members can be particularly desirable in breast lifts with high fat content, where sutures tend to pull through the breast tissue.We have discovered that the width / profile of suspension members 20 does not need to be large to disperse the load of the lifted breast over a wide area and still be effective. The low-profile suspension member designs described herein (a) allow the suspension member to be deployed through only a puncture wound and a narrow channel; (b) can adequately support the breast; and (c) avoid the aforementioned problems associated with sutures and slings. For lifting breasts, the suspension members are designed to withstand a load of at least 5 N, more preferably at least 10 N, and more preferably at least 60 N, but less than 500 N. In some models, the suspension members comprise a porous component. The porous component allows for tissue growth. The suspension members may also include a tensioner. The tensioner is designed to increase or decrease the tension of the suspension member on the breast tissue, and to allow adjustment of the breast lift. The suspension members are sized for implantation through small incisions made in the patient's breast. In some modalities, the suspension members are designed for use without extensive dissection of the patient's tissue. In some modalities, the suspension members are designed for use without removal of patient tissue. In some modalities, the suspension members are designed for minimally invasive delivery. In some modalities, the suspension members are designed to be folded or rolled up before implantation in the patient. After implantation, the folded or rolled-up suspension members can be unfolded into the breast in their desired shapes. In some modalities, the suspension members have shape memory. After implantation, the shape-memory suspension members can be unfolded into the breast in their desired shapes.In some modalities, the suspension members are designed to be implanted in channels formed in the breast, preferably by blunt dissection. In other modalities, the suspension members are designed to be implanted through entry points in the upper pole of the breast. In other modalities, the suspension members are designed to be implanted through entry points in the lower pole of the breast. In certain embodiments, the suspension members comprise fibers. In certain embodiments, the fibers are made of absorbable thermoplastic polymers, and in certain embodiments, the fibers made of absorbable thermoplastic polymers are oriented. Oriented means that the fibers have been stretched. Stretching the fiber causes molecular alignment of the polymer chains in the fiber and increases the tensile strength of the fiber. (Oriented in this context does not refer to the geometry of a fiber relative to another object.) In certain embodiments, the suspension members comprise monofilament fibers, preferably absorbable monofilament fibers, and even more preferably oriented polymeric absorbable monofilament fibers. In certain embodiments, the suspension members comprise one or more of the polymers a LOznn / eznz / E / YiAi listed in Section A. Preferably, the suspension members comprise one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In some modalities, the implant comprises a suspension member and one or more bioactive agents. The bioactive agents may be coated onto the suspension members or incorporated within them. Particularly preferred bioactive agents include antimicrobials, antibiotics, proteins, and tissue growth-promoting agents. In some modalities, the implant comprises a suspension member and one or more of the following: cells, stem cells, gels, hydrogels, adipose tissue, autologous fat, liposuctioned fat, adipocytes, and fibroblast cells. These cells and materials may be coated onto the surfaces of the suspension members or incorporated within the body of the suspension members. In some models, the suspension member has an endotoxin content of less than 20 endotoxin units. In some models, the suspension member is sterile. In some models, the suspension member is sterilized with ethylene oxide, cold ethylene oxide, electron beam irradiation, or gamma irradiation. Support lines In certain modalities, the suspension member comprises a support line. The support line has a first end and a second end. The second end of the support line is attached to the first end of an anchor member. Figure 3 shows an example of a support line 21 attached at its second end 23 to the first end 25 of an anchor member 24. In this example, the anchor member has a ladder-like structure 24. Figure 4 is an example of a support line 31 attached at its second end to the first end of an anchor member 32, wherein the anchor member has a ladder-like structure connected to three retainers 33. In certain modalities, the suspension member is implanted in the patient's breast with the support line 31 positioned superior to the anchor member.During implantation, a force is applied in a lower to higher direction to the support line so that the retainers located on the anchor member engage close to the breast tissue, and lift the breast tissue in a lower to higher direction. In some modalities, the support line of the suspension member can have a length of 10 to 40 cm, and more preferably 15 to 25 cm. In some versions, the support line comprises a monofilament fiber, and more preferably a monofilament fiber with an average diameter of 0.1-0.4 mm, and more preferably 0.2-0.25 mm. In some versions, the support line comprises a multifilament fiber. In some versions, the support line comprises a braid. In some modalities, the support line comprises fixation elements. The fixation elements are designed to attach to breast tissue and to help secure the support line to the breast tissue after the suspension member has been used to lift the breast. In some models, the fixing elements are connected or incorporated into the support lines, and extend outwards from the support line. In some modalities, the attachment elements are small filaments that extend from the support lines. These small filaments can be monofilaments or multifilaments. In some models, the support lines with fasteners are unitary structures. An example of a support line with fasteners with a two-loop column stitch structure is shown in detail A of Fig. 4, which is an expansion of area A of support line 31. In other models, the support line with fasteners has a single-loop column stitch structure. In some versions, the support lines with fasteners are formed by textile processing. In other versions, the fasteners are tied, fused, or welded to the support lines. In still other versions, the support lines with fasteners are molded. In some embodiments, the fastening elements comprise absorbable polymers. In some embodiments, the fastening elements comprise one or more of the polymers listed in Section A. In some embodiments, the support line comprises an absorbable polymer. In some embodiments, the support line comprises one or more polymers listed in Section A. Preferably, the support line comprises one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In embodiments, the suspension member comprises an anchoring member with a textile structure and retainers, and a support line connected at its second end to the first end of the anchoring member, and all components comprise the same polymer, preferably poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. Anchorage Members In some modalities, the suspension members 20 comprise anchor members 24 (see Fig. 3). The anchor members have a first end 25 and a second end 26. The anchor members 24 are attached to a support line 21 at their first end 25. The anchor member 24 is not connected to a support line at its second end 26. The second end is a free end. The anchor member is not a sling or hammock. The anchor member 24 does not have an elongated 2D or 3D shape capable of expanding the lower pole of the breast. In contrast, an exemplary shape of the anchor member is a band, ribbon, or tape. In some modalities, the anchor member has the appearance of an uncoiled fabric or chain bracelet. Its length is much greater than its width. Anchor members are designed to attach to breast tissue. After attaching to the breast tissue, the suspension members can be used to lift a patient's breast. Unlike sutures, anchor members contact the breast tissue over a wider area, allowing them to disperse the load applied during the breast lift over a large area of ​​breast tissue. Dispersing the load over a wider area helps prevent the anchor member from tearing the breast tissue or applying excessive tension to a localized region of the breast. The latter can result in an undesirable breast appearance. Anchor members are particularly useful in lifting fatty breast tissue, unlike sutures, which can cut through fatty breast tissue or not be retained by it.In addition to providing a better means of lifting breast tissue, anchor members provide a means of long-term support for the lifted breast by creating a new, extended tissue plane within the breast. This new tissue plane results from tissue growth within the anchor member. The new tissue plane provides internal support for the lifted breast. The anchor members are preferably sized for delivery through a puncture wound using an introducer tool. The anchor members may be coiled or folded to allow delivery to the implant site. The anchor members may have shape memory, allowing them to be delivered to the implant site with an introducer tool and then resume their original shape. The anchor members are designed to be inserted on either the lateral or medial side of the breast to lift the breast tissue. Preferably, at least one anchor member is inserted on the lateral side of the breast, and at least one anchor member is inserted on the medial side of the breast. The entire breast can be lifted using one anchor member on each side. In some embodiments, the anchor member of the suspension member can have a length of 8 to 20 cm, and more preferably 12 to 16 cm, and a width of 4 to 20 mm, and more preferably 6 to 12 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the anchor member has a length-to-width ratio of 5 to 50, and more preferably 10 to 25. In other words, the length is preferably 10 to 25 times greater than the width of the anchor member. The anchor members preferably retain at least 15% of their initial strength, more preferably at least 30% of their initial strength, and even more preferably at least 50% of their initial strength for 12 weeks after implantation. The anchor members preferably can withstand a burst force of at least 1 N, more preferably at least 10 N, but less than 1,000 N. to LOznn / eznz / E / YiAi The anchoring members preferably comprise absorbable polymers, more preferably absorbable thermoplastic polymers, and even more preferably synthetic or biosynthetic absorbable thermoplastic polymers. In some embodiments, the anchoring members comprise one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In a preferred embodiment, the anchoring members are fully absorbable. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the anchoring members are transient. In some modalities, the anchoring members are porous. The anchoring members preferably comprise textiles. The textiles include mesh, braids, woven mesh, and knitted mesh. These textiles preferably comprise monofilament fibers, and more preferably absorbable monofilament fibers. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the absorbable monofilament fibers are polymeric and oriented. Oriented in this embodiment means that the fibers have been stretched to increase the molecular alignment of the polymer chains within the fibers. In certain embodiments, the monofilament fibers have average diameters of 0.02 to 0.7 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 0.25 mm, and even more preferably 0.07 to 0.175 mm. In certain embodiments, the anchoring member comprises a textile with one or more of the following properties: (i) a suture pull-out force of at least 1 kgf, (ii) a burst strength of 0.1 to 100 kgf, (iii) a thickness of 0.0.5-5 mm, (iv) an area density of 5 to 800 g / m2, and (v) a pore diameter of 5 pm to 10 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the implant anchoring member comprises a textile, and the textile has one or more of the following properties: (i) a suture pull-out force of 1 Kgf to 20 Kgf, (ii) a burst strength of 1 to 50 Kg or 10 to 50 Kg, (iii) a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, (iv) an area density of 100 to 300 g / m2, and (v) a pore diameter of 100 pm to 1 mm. In certain embodiments, the anchor members comprise one or more of the polymers listed in Section A. These polymers can be used to prepare a textile structure for an anchor member. Preferably, the anchor members comprise one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, or poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof. In certain embodiments, the anchor members comprise meshes prepared from one or more of the following: fibers comprising poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In certain modalities, the anchor member comprises one or more bioactive agents. The bioactive agents may be coated onto the anchor members or incorporated within them. Particularly preferred bioactive agents include antimicrobials, antibiotics, proteins, and tissue growth-promoting agents. In certain modalities, the anchor member comprises one or more of the following: cells, stem cells, gels, hydrogels, adipose tissue, autologous fat, lipoaspirate, adipocytes, and fibroblast cells. These cells and materials may be coated onto the anchor members or incorporated within them. In some embodiments, the anchor members have a ladder-like shape. In one embodiment, the suspension member comprises a ladder-like anchor member. Figure 3 is an example of a suspension member 20 comprising a ladder-like anchor member 24 connected to the second end 23 of a support line 21. Preferably, the ladder-like anchor member is woven from fiber, and more preferably from a monofilament fiber. In some embodiments, the ladder-like anchor member is woven using a combination of interlocked column stitch to create the vertical members (i.e., the sides of the ladder), and a warp-inserted lining to create the horizontal members (i.e., the rungs) of the ladder. The column stitch and the lining layer can be made from fiber of the same average diameter, or from fibers of different average diameters.In one embodiment, the anchor member comprises a ladder-shaped woven structure where the vertical ladder members are formed from a monofilament fiber with a smaller diameter than the monofilament fiber used to form the horizontal ladder members. In one embodiment, the vertical ladder members are formed from a monofilament fiber having an average diameter of 0.02–0.3 mm, and more preferably 0.07–0.1 mm, and the horizontal ladder members are formed from a monofilament fiber having an average diameter of 0.05–0.35 mm, and more preferably 0.1–0.15 mm. In one embodiment, the ladder-shaped woven structure is 10–20 cm long and 5–12 mm wide.Preferably, the suspension member comprising the ladder-shaped anchor member is fully absorbable, and even more preferably the ladder-shaped anchor member is made of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In certain embodiments, the anchoring members comprise retainers that can be attached to breast tissue. In certain embodiments, the retainers are designed to be inserted into a ladder-shaped textile to form the anchoring member. The ladder-shaped textile can be formed as described herein. Figure 4 is an example of a suspension member 30 comprising a ladder-shaped textile with three retainers 33 inserted into the ladder structure to form the anchoring member 32. The anchoring member is connected to the second end of a support line 31. As shown in Figure 4, the tips of the retainers are angled away from the plane of the anchoring member (i.e., away from the plane of the ladder structure), and all point in the same direction, namely the direction of the support line 31.The retainers are angled to engage with tissue when a lifting force is applied to the suspension member in a bottom-to-top direction. to LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi In one embodiment, the retainers comprise a base section and a tip. Detail A of Fig. 5 is an expansion of area A of the suspension member 40 with an anchor member 44 comprising three retainers 47, and shows a retainer 50, the ladder-like structure of the anchor member 51, the base section of retainer 52, the tip of retainer 53, and the retainer secured 54 in the ladder-like crisscross structure 51. In certain embodiments, the base section 52 of retainer 50 is connected to the plane of the anchor member, and the tip section of retainer 53 extends away from the plane of the anchor member. In certain embodiments, the retainers are connected to the plane of the anchor member at an angle to position the tips of the retainers to engage and lift the breast tissue.In certain modalities, the retainers are positioned at an angle to the plane of the anchorage members, where the angle between: (i) the first end of the anchorage member and the vertex of the angle, and (ii) the tip of the retainer and the vertex of the angle, is less than 90 degrees but greater than 0 degrees. In certain modalities, the tips of the retainers are positioned pointing in a superior direction after implantation of the suspension member. In certain modalities, the base section of the retainer is positioned inferior to the tip of the retainer after implantation. In some forms, the retainer comprises slots used to secure the retainer to the ladder-like structure of an anchor member. Figure 6 is an example of a retainer 80 showing the retainer's base section 81, tip 82, and slots 83 for securing the retainer to the ladder-like structure of an anchor member. Detail A in Figure 5 shows a retainer with slots secured to a ladder-like structure of an anchor member. In some designs, retainers have planar structures; such a retainer 80 is shown in Fig. 6. In other designs, retainers have non-planar structures. An example of a retainer with a non-planar structure is shown in Fig. 7. In this example, retainer 90 has an angled tooth 93 extending from the planar base section 91. The base section contains slots 94 to secure the base section 91 to a ladder-like structure (as shown in Detail A of Fig. 5). Retainers 90 are secured to the ladder-like structure so that the tips 92 of the retainers are angled to point in the direction of the support line and can engage breast tissue when the suspension member is raised in a lower-to-upper direction. In some forms, the anchor members comprise retainers where the retainers extend 0.1 to 25 mm, more preferably 1 to 15 mm, and even more preferably 3 to 10 mm from the plane of the anchor member to the tips of the retainers. The retainers are designed to engage tissue and be capable of lifting tissue when a force is applied to the anchor member in a lower-to-upper direction. Examples of suitable retainers that may be incorporated into the anchor members include: anchors, crank anchors, hooks, darts, prongs, snaps, projections, extensions, bumps, protrusions, spurs, protrusions, points, gears, surface roughness, surface irregularities, and arrows. Preferably, the retainers have sharp tips that can engage breast tissue. In some models, the anchor members comprise multiple retainers for attachment to breast tissue. These anchor members may consist of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or more retainers. Multiple retainers allow the anchor members to disperse the load of the lifted breast over a larger area. This dispersion of the load over a larger area of ​​breast tissue provides a safer method of breast lift, prevents high tension from being placed on discrete areas of breast tissue, and helps maintain the lift and prevent subsequent ptosis. The use of multiple retainers is particularly desirable for lifting fatty breast tissue or less dense breast tissue.These tissues are typically difficult to lift, for example, using sutures or other devices that are anchored at a single point in the breast, because applying tension at localized points can result in tearing of the tissue and pulling through the device. In certain embodiments, the anchoring members comprise textiles, and the base sections of the retainers are connected to the textiles. In certain embodiments, the base sections of the retainers of the anchoring members are secured in absorbable monofilament textiles, and more preferably braided, knitted, or woven absorbable monofilament textiles. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the plane of the anchoring members comprises textiles with one or more of the following properties: (i) a suture pull-out force of at least 1 kgf, (ii) a burst strength of 0.1 to 100 kg, (iii) a thickness of 0.05-5 mm, (iv) an area density of 5 to 800 g / m2, and (v) a pore diameter of 5 pm to 10 mm, and one, two, three or more retainers selected from the group comprising: anchors, crank anchors, hooks, darts, spikes, clasps, projections, extensions, bulges, protrusions, spurs, protrusions, points, gears, surface roughness, surface irregularities, and arrows, inserted into the textiles. In some embodiments, the retainers comprise absorbable polymers. In some embodiments, the retainers comprise one or more of the polymers listed in Section A. Preferably, the retainers comprise one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In some embodiments, the plane of the anchoring member comprises a textile structure, the anchoring member comprises retainers, and both the textile structure and the retainers comprise the same polymer, preferably poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. to LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi Introducer Housing Tip In some models, the suspension members also include an introducer housing tip. The introducer housing tip is preferably connected to the second end of the anchoring member. The introducer housing tip is designed for use with an introducer tool and is designed to receive the distal end of an introducer tool. Insertion of the distal end of an introducer tool into the introducer housing tip provides a means for the surgeon to deliver the suspension member into the breast. After delivery of the suspension member to the implant site, the tool is disconnected from the introducer housing tip and removed from the breast, leaving the suspension member implanted in the desired location. In some models, the introducer housing tip has a blunt driving tip and is designed for blunt dissection of breast tissue.Inserting the distal end of an introducer tool into the introducer housing tip in this modality allows the surgeon to create a defined channel in the breast for insertion of the suspension limb by pushing the introducer housing tip with the introducer tool through the breast tissue with sufficient penetrating force. After the defined channel is created in the breast, the introducer tool can be withdrawn from the breast, leaving the suspension limb with its attached introducer housing tip implanted in the defined channel. The introducer housing tip is designed to allow insertion of the distal tip of the introducer tool into the introducer housing tip, and subsequent removal of the distal tip from the introducer housing tip once the suspension member has been delivered to the desired location in the breast. In some models, the introducer housing tip is sized to allow passage of the tip through a puncture incision. In other models, the introducer housing tip is sized to allow passage through a channel created in the breast by blunt dissection for the insertion of a suspension limb. In a preferred embodiment, the introducer housing tip is designed to permit blunt dissection of breast tissue to create a defined channel in the breast for the suspension member. Preferably, the introducer housing tip has a conical shape 48 as shown in Fig. 5. Preferably, the introducer housing tip has a blunt driving tip 62 for blunt dissection of breast tissue. The introducer housing tip is sized to accommodate the distal tip of an introducer tool for delivering the suspension member to the implant site. In a preferred embodiment, the suspension member has a ladder-shaped anchor member with a first end and a second end, and is connected at its first end to the second end of a support line, and is connected at its second end to an introducer housing tip. An example of an introducer housing tip connected to the second end of an anchor member is shown in Fig. 5. In this example, the introducer housing tip 48 is connected to an anchor member 44 at its second end 46. The anchor member comprises a ladder-shaped structure and three retainers 47, and the anchor member is connected at its first end 45 to the second end 43 of a support line 41. Detail B of Fig. 5 is an expansion of area B of the suspension member 40, and shows the location 60 for inserting the distal end of the introducer tool into the introducer housing tip 61, and the tapered tip 62 used to channel the suspension member into the patient's breast. The introducer housing tip 61 preferably has a tapered shape as shown in Detail B of Fig. 5 with a blunt tip 62 for blunt dissection of breast tissue. In certain modalities, the introducer housing tip 61 has an internal hole at location 60 for inserting the introducer tool. The internal hole is sized to accommodate the distal tip of the introducer tool. Preferably, the diameter of the internal hole is 1–4 mm, and more preferably 2 mm, and the length of the internal hole is preferably 0.5–2 cm, and more preferably 1 cm. In certain modalities, the introducer housing tip has a maximum outer diameter of 2–10 mm, more preferably 3–8 mm, and even more preferably 4–6 mm. In certain modalities, the length of the introducer housing tip is 10–30 mm, and more preferably 15 mm. In certain modalities, the introducer housing tip has a conical shape 61, with a tapered form ending in a blunt, rounded tip 62. Figure 8 is a diagram showing how an introducer tool 100 with a straight needle 101 is inserted into the introducer housing tip 102. The introducer housing tip 102 is connected to the anchor member 103 of the suspension member 104. Detail D in Figure 8 is an expansion of area D, and shows the distal end of the introducer tool tip (105) inserted into the introducer housing tip 102, and the connection 106 of the introducer housing tip 102 to the ladder-shaped structure 107 of the anchor member 103. In some models, the introducer housing tip is either 3D printed or molded. Preferably, the introducer housing tip is injection molded. In some models, the introducer housing tip is connected to the second end of the anchor member by fusing the tip and anchor member together. In other models, the introducer housing tip is connected to the second end of the anchor member by ultrasonic welding. Figure 5 shows the introducer housing tip ultrasonically welded to the ladder-shaped anchor member. In some embodiments, the introducer housing tip is absorbable. Preferably, the introducer housing tip is resorbed after implantation. In some embodiments, the introducer housing tip is formed from an absorbable polymer. In some embodiments, the introducer housing tip comprises polymers listed in Section A. Preferably, the introducer housing tip comprises one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In some embodiments, the support line, anchorage member, retainers, and introducer housing tip comprise the same absorbable polymer, and more preferably comprise poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. Strut In this procedure, a strut is used in conjunction with the suspension members to lift the breast. Figure 1 shows the implanted positions of two suspension members, 3 and 4, on a patient's breast, and their connection points to an implanted strut 5 at connection points 6. Strut 5 is implanted above the patient's NAC (nose of the breast). After tensioning the suspension members 3 and 4 to lift the breast, the support lines of the suspension members are connected to strut 5 to maintain the tension and the lifted position of the breast. In some forms, the strut has two arms with a central element. Figure 9 is a diagram of a suitable strut 110. The strut 110 has a first arm 111 having a first end 112 and a second end 113, a second arm 114 having a first end 115 and a second end 116, and an element 117 with a first end 118 and a second end 119, wherein the second end of the first arm is connected to the first end of the element, and the second end of the second arm is connected to the second end of the element. Preferably, the element 117 is a plate or textile. In some forms, the plate may be a film. Detail F shown in Fig. 9 is an expansion of area F of element 117 showing perforations 120 in the element to encourage tissue growth in element 117. For example, the perforations can be made in a film to form element 117. Detail F in Fig.Figure 9 also shows the teeth 121 that can be incorporated into element 117. For example, the teeth can be formed on the surface of an injection-molded film or plate to form element 117. The teeth help anchor the strut in the patient's tissue and prevent movement of the strut after implantation. In some embodiments, element 117 comprises perforations and teeth. In some embodiments, the strut 110 further comprises one or more needles. In some embodiments, the strut 110 comprises two needles, with one needle attached to each of arms 111 and 114. Figure 9 shows a first needle 122 attached to the first end 112 of the first arm 111, and a second needle 123 attached to the first end 115 of the second arm 114. The first and second needles 122 and 123 preferably have blunt tips. In certain embodiments, arms 111 and 114 of the strut comprise fibers, either monofilament or multifilament, but more preferably monofilament fibers. Even more preferably, the arms comprise absorbable monofilament fibers or absorbable oriented monofilament fibers. In certain embodiments, the average diameters of the fibers are from 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm, more preferably from 0.06 mm to 0.3 mm, and even more preferably from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. In certain embodiments, the arms comprise the polymers listed in Section A. Preferably, the arms comprise one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In certain modalities, element 117 is a plate, injection-molded plate, or film, and more preferably a perforated plate or film. In certain modalities, the pores of the element have a diameter of at least 50 µm, and more preferably at least 75 µm. In certain modalities, the pores of the element have average diameters between 75 µm and 3 mm, and more preferably between 250 µm and 1 mm. In certain modalities, the element has teeth projecting from its surface. In certain modalities, the teeth project 0.1 to 3 mm from the surface of the element, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 mm. In certain modalities, the element can be wound onto a small tube for delivery to the implant site and unwound once delivered to the implant site. In certain modalities, element 117 is a textile, preferably a knitted, braided, or woven textile. In certain modalities, the textile is porous and has average pore sizes of at least 50 µm, more preferably at least 75 µm, and even more preferably between 75 µm and 3 mm, or 250 µm and 1 mm. In certain modalities, the textile is designed so that it can be wound onto a small tube for delivery to the implant site and unwound once delivered to the implant site. In certain embodiments, element 117 comprises the polymers listed in Section A. Preferably, element 117 comprises one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In certain embodiments, the support line, anchor member, retainers, introducer housing tip, and strut comprise the same absorbable polymer, and more preferably comprise poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In some configurations, arms 111 and 114 are connected to element 117 by fusion, welding, or tying. In other configurations, arms 111 and 114 and element 117 are knitted, woven, braided, molded, or 3D printed as a unitary structure. to LOznn / eznz / E / YiAi In certain embodiments, a strut is formed by injection molding an element 117 into the form of a plate and connecting the plate at its first and second ends to arms 111 and 114 by tying the arms to the plate. In certain embodiments, the arms are manually tied to element 117 by knotting. In certain embodiments, the arms are 10–25 cm long, and more preferably 20 cm long. In certain embodiments, the arms have an average minimum diameter of 0.1 mm and an average maximum diameter of 0.3 mm. In certain embodiments, arms 111 and 114 are formed from monofilament fiber. In certain embodiments, the monofilament fiber has an average minimum diameter of 0.1 mm and an average maximum diameter of 0.3 mm, and a length of 10–25 cm. In certain embodiments, element 117, for example, an injection-molded plate, is formed with dimensions of 2 cm x 5 cm x 0.5 mm (width x length x thickness). In certain embodiments, the injection-molded plate further contains (a) conical teeth 121 (see Fig.(a) 120 pores (see Fig. 9, Detail F) with a height extending 0.5 mm from the plate surface and a base diameter of 0.4 mm, and (b) 120 pores (see Fig. 9, Detail F) with a diameter of 0.8 mm. In certain modalities, the tooth density is 5 teeth per cm², and the pore density is 16 pores per cm². In certain modalities, the strut is formed with a needle attached to arm 111 or 114, or more preferably with a needle attached to each of arms 111 and 114. Preferably, the needles have blunt ends. In certain modalities, one arm is stamped as a needle, or both arms are stamped as needles. Figure 9 shows the first ends 112 and 115 of each arm 111 and 114 stamped as needles 122 and 123, respectively. In certain modalities, the needles are straight. In certain modalities, the needle size is 10 gauge. In certain modalities, the injection-molded element 117 and the arms 111 and 114 made of monofilament fiber comprise the polymers listed in Section A.Preferably, the injection-molded element 117 and the monofilament fiber comprise one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In certain embodiments, the upright is formed from knitted or woven fabric. In certain embodiments, the upright comprises an element 117 in the form of a textile that holds the fabric. In one embodiment, the textile is a warp-knitted mesh, preferably woven from monofilament fiber. The monofilament fiber preferably has a minimum average diameter of 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, and more preferably a minimum average diameter of 0.07 mm to 0.15 mm. In certain embodiments, the element 117 is a self-holding mesh. The self-holding mesh can be formed, for example, by weaving a separator mesh on a 20-gauge double-needle bed warp knitting machine using monofilament fiber, and using a hot knife to cut the monofilaments connecting the front and back meshes of the separator mesh. Cutting the monofilaments produces mesh with exposed monofilament ends.These constructions can be further cut to the desired dimensions (width and length) of element 117, and have a density of monofilament ends exposed on one side of the mesh (i.e., monofilament teeth projecting from the mesh on one side). The density of the monofilament ends is preferably 10–50 per square centimeter. Preferably, the monofilament ends project away from the body of the mesh by 0.5–5 mm, and more preferably 1–3 mm. In one embodiment, an element 117 formed with a self-locking mesh can be connected at its first and second ends to monofilament fiber by tying the fiber to the self-locking mesh, to form arms 111 and 114. In embodiments, the arms 111 and 114 formed from monofilament fiber have an average minimum diameter of 0.2 mm and an average maximum diameter of 0.25 mm.In certain embodiments, arms 111 and 114, and element 117 can be woven as a unitary structure. In certain embodiments, the textile element 117 and monofilament fiber arms 111 and 114 comprise one or more of the polymers listed in Section A. Preferably, the textile element 117 and the monofilament fiber arms comprise one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. Tensor In some models, the suspension members also include a tensioner. Examples of tensioners include a pulley system or a spool tensioner. In some models, the tensioner can be adjusted during or after implantation, for example, to apply more tension to a support line or anchor member to lift the breast. In some models, the tensioner can be adjusted using a small tool inserted through a small incision. In some models, the tensioner is preferably incorporated into the support line of the suspension member, but more preferably it is incorporated into a first or second end of the support line. In some embodiments, the tensor comprises an absorbable polymer. In some embodiments, the tensor comprises one or more of the polymers listed in Section A. Preferably, the tensor comprises one or more of the following: poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. Linings In some designs, the suspension member is partially or fully inserted inside a removable sheath for delivery of the suspension member to the implant site. In other designs, the anchoring member of the suspension member is inserted inside a removable sheath. All or part of the suspension member may be inserted inside a liner to facilitate delivery of the suspension member to the implant site. In particular, the removable sheath may be used to prevent the anchoring member or fixation elements from prematurely attaching to the breast tissue during implantation, and particularly before the suspension member is positioned in the desired location within the breast.In some modalities, a suspension member is partially or completely inserted into a removable sheath, the liner comprising the suspension member is implanted in the breast, and the removable sheath is removed to deploy the suspension member in the breast. In some models, the removable cover comprises a polymer. In some models, the lining is made of nylon, high-density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and low-density polyethylene. Feeder Tool In certain embodiments, the suspension member comprises an introducer housing tip and is designed to be implanted using an introducer tool that can be inserted into the introducer housing tip. For example, at location 60 of the introducer housing tip 61 (see Fig. 5, Detail B). In certain embodiments, the introducer tool 100 comprises a handle, a needle section 101 emanating from the handle, and a distal tip 105 (located at the end of the needle opposite the handle) that is designed to be inserted into the introducer housing tip at location 60. In certain embodiments, the handle is made of medical-grade polypropylene. In certain embodiments, the handle is 10–15 cm, more preferably 12 cm, in length and has a diameter of 2–3 cm, more preferably 2.5 cm. In certain embodiments, the introducer tool has a universal handle design to permit use by both right- and left-handed individuals.In certain modalities, the introducer tool needle is made of 316L stainless steel. In certain modalities, the needle is 20–30 cm long, more preferably 25 cm. In certain modalities, the needle has a diameter of 3 mm near the handle, which reduces to a diameter of 2 mm at the distal end of the introducer tool (at the end opposite the handle, for example, location 105), and more preferably reduces to a diameter of 2 mm at a distance of 1 cm from the distal end of the tool. The reduction in diameter at the end of the needle is designed to allow insertion of the needle tip section into the introducer housing tip at location 60, and delivery of the suspension member to the implant site. In some models, the introducer tool comprises a straight needle. In other models, the introducer tool comprises a curved needle. Mastopexy Systems In various embodiments, systems for mastopexy are provided. The systems may comprise implants and one or more tools for implanting the implants. In a preferred embodiment, the systems comprise two suspension members, a strut, and an introducer tool. The suspension members, strut, and introducer tool may be prepared as described herein. The systems may further comprise one or more of the following: a sharp incision tool and a blunt dissecting tool. In some embodiments, the systems may comprise two suspension members, a strut, and two introducer tools as shown, for example, in Fig. 2. In certain modalities, a mastopexy system is provided to secure a patient's breast in a target position, wherein the mastopexy system comprises: a first suspension member comprising a first support line with a first end and a second end, and a first anchor member with a first end and a second end, the first support line being connected at its second end to a first anchor member at its first end; a second suspension member comprising a second support line with a first end and a second end, and a second anchor member with a first end and a second end, the second support line being connected at its second end to a second anchor member at its first end, wherein one suspension member, when implanted in the breast, is located on the lateral side of the breast, and the second suspension member, when implanted in the breast, is located on the medial side of the breast.so that the support lines of the suspension members are located superior to the anchor members, and the first ends of the support lines are located above the nipple-areola complex (NAC). The mastopexy system may further comprise one or more of the following: a sharp incision tool, a blunt dissecting tool, and an introducer tool. The mastopexy system preferably further comprises introducer housing tips, designed to connect to an introducer tool, located at the second end of each anchor member of the suspension member. The introducer tools can be inserted into these introducer housing tips, and the assembly of the introducer tool and the introducer housing tip can be used to create defined channels through the breast tissue for the suspension members by blunt dissection. After forming a defined channel in the breast,The introducer tool is removed from the breast, leaving the suspension member, still connected to the introducer housing tip, implanted in the breast. Alternatively, introducer tools can be inserted into the introducer housing tips and used to insert the suspension members into channels already created in the breast by a blunt dissecting tool. To facilitate the delivery of the suspension members to the implant sites in the breast,The mastopexy system may further comprise suspension members partially or completely covered by removable liners. The liners are removed after the suspension members have been implanted in their desired locations in the breast. The liners prevent the anchoring members from prematurely attaching to the tissue. The mastopexy system may further comprise a strut that can be implanted in a position superior to the breast's center of gravity (CEN). The strut preferably comprises a first arm with a first end and a second end, a second arm with a first end and a second end, and a member with a first end and a second end, wherein the second end of the first arm is connected to the first end of the member, and wherein the second end of the second arm is connected to the second end of the member. The strut arms are preferably formed of monofilament fiber.Multifilament or braided fiber. The element is preferably a plate, such as a film, or textile. The element is preferably porous and preferably has a self-locking feature on one side. The pores and self-locking feature are designed to allow tissue ingrowth into the element and to secure the strut in place. The self-locking feature may, for example, be teeth or short monofilament fibers. Preferably, the strut thus configured can be implanted in the breast in a position superior to the NAC, and the breast lifted by connecting the first arm of the strut to a first end of a support line of a first suspension member and connecting the second arm of the strut to a second end of a support line of a second suspension member. In some modalities, the mastopexy system strut is preferably inserted into a channel, superior to the NAC, formed by blunt dissection. Preferably,The channel and position of the implanted strut is along a medial-lateral plane superior to the NAC of the breast. If desired, the strut can be enclosed in a removable sheath to facilitate implantation, and the sheath removed once the strut is positioned in the breast as desired. After implantation of the suspension members and the strut in the breast, and removal of any sheath, tension can be applied to the support lines of the suspension members to lift the breast, and to the support lines connected to the strut arms to maintain the breast in the lifted position. An exemplary mastopexy system, consisting of a ladder-shaped woven anchor member with mounted retainers, connected at its first end to a support line made of monofilament fiber with a minimum average diameter of 0.2 mm and a maximum average diameter of 0.25 mm, and connected by fusion at its second end to an introducer housing tip, can be prepared as follows. The ladder-shaped structure of the anchor member is prepared with a width of 8 mm and a length of 14 cm using monofilament fibers. The ladder-shaped anchor member is warp-knitted, using a combination of an interlocked column stitch and monofilament fiber with a minimum average diameter of 0.07 mm and a maximum average diameter of 0.1 mm, to create the vertical ladder rails, and a warp-inserted lining stitch made of monofilament fiber with a minimum average diameter of 0.25 mm.1 mm and a maximum average diameter of 0.15 mm are used to create the horizontal members (i.e., the rungs of the ladder). Three retainers, prepared by injection molding, are manually inserted using an interlocking pattern (see Fig. 5 Detail A) into the horizontal members of the ladder-shaped anchor member, at LOznn / eznz / E / YiAi and spaced 3 cm apart within the ladder-shaped structure of the anchor member. The retainers are molded with dimensions of 4 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm (width x length x thickness). The retainers are formed with a base section (see 81 in Fig. 6) and five circular grooves, 1 mm in diameter (see 83 in Fig. 6), set 4 mm apart on each side of the retainer, to secure the retainers to the ladder-shaped anchor member (as shown in Detail A of Fig. 5). Each retainer is formed with a point at a 30-degree angle (see feature 82 in Fig. 6).The support line, made of monofilament fiber, is 20 cm long and is connected by tying to the first end of the ladder-shaped anchor member. The second end of the ladder-shaped anchor member is ultrasonically welded to an injection-molded introducer housing tip. The introducer housing tip (see 61 in Fig. 5 Detail B) is conical, with a maximum outer diameter at its base of 5 mm, a length of 15 mm, an internal hole at location 60 with a diameter of 2.1 mm and a length of 12.5 mm, and a tapered section with a 20-degree angle terminating in a blunt, rounded tip 62. The exemplary mastopexy system further comprises a strut. The strut is injection-molded from a plate with conical teeth and perforations (as shown in Detail F of Fig.9) and by tying the monofilament fibers to either end of plate 117 to form arms 111 and 114, or by the woven element 117 of the monofilament fiber strut and joining the monofilament fiber arms to either end of element 117. The anchor member with mounted retainers, monofilament support line, introducer housing tip, strut element, and arms may be formed from one or more of the polymers listed in Section A. More preferably, these components are formed from poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or a copolymer thereof, poly(butylene succinate) or a copolymer thereof, or polydioxanone. In some procedures, mastopexy systems are designed for minimally invasive delivery. The implants have a design and properties that allow them to be delivered through a small incision. In some procedures, the implants are designed so that they can be rolled or folded to allow delivery through a small incision. This minimally invasive approach can reduce patient morbidity, scarring, and the chance of infection. In some procedures, the implants have shape memory properties that allow them to assume their original shape unaided after they have been delivered to the implant site. For example, the implant can be temporarily deformed by rolling it into a small-diameter cylindrical shape for delivery to the implant site, and then allowing it to return to its original shape unaided in vivo. METHODS FOR IMPLANTING MASTOPEXY IMPLANTS The implants and systems described herein are best suited for use in breast surgery, and more particularly for mastopexy procedures. Figures 10 to 13 illustrate a method for performing a breast lift with a mastopexy implant. Figure 10 shows a profile of a patient's breast 130, the breast NAC 131, and an introducer tool 132 loaded with a first suspension member 133 (shown in more detail as the implant 44 in Figure 5) inserted into one side of the patient's breast. The method preferably involves making a puncture incision at location 134 shown in Figure 10. The distal end of the introducer tool 132 is inserted into the introducer housing tip of the first suspension member (shown in more detail in Figure 8). The introducer housing tip has a blunt driving tip designed for blunt dissection of breast tissue.The introducer housing tip is inserted into the puncture incision and advanced using the introducer tool to form a channel defined by blunt dissection on the breast side for the first suspension member by applying force to the introducer tool in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 10. In some modalities, the first channel has a relatively small diameter and is straight or linear in shape. The channel direction is posterior to inferior, or vice versa, and it is separated laterally from the NAC 151. In one sense, it is a one-dimensional channel compared to the large, two-dimensional, planar dissection required for a sling-type implant that spans the entire lower pole of the breast. Once the first suspension member has been advanced to the desired location, the introducer tool 132 is removed from the breast, leaving the first suspension member implanted. Figure 11 shows the first suspension member implanted 142, and the implantation of a second suspension member 144 on the opposite side of the breast through the puncture incision site 146 using the same procedure used to insert the first suspension member. A second linear channel is created for the second suspension member. The second channel is shown separate from the nipple. The first and second channels do not connect or overlap and, in some modalities, are substantially parallel to each other. Each channel is shown as a discrete, narrow, linear channel, separated laterally or medially from the NAC 151. Once the second suspension member 144 has been advanced to the desired location using the introducer tool 143, the introducer tool 143 is removed from the breast, leaving the first and second suspension members implanted in the breast. The method shown in Figs. 10 and 11 may further comprise inserting the suspension members, partially or completely enclosed in liners, and removing the liners after implantation of the suspension members. In contrast to some of the previous technique sling-type devices described above, which expand the lower pole from one side of the breast to the other, the second ends of each of the suspension limbs are deployed in the tissue next to NAC 151, and are free or not connected to the additional limbs once deployed. In an alternative method to that shown in Figs. 10 and 11, introducer tools 132 and 143 may have curved needles instead of straight needles, and be used to create curved channels in the breast separated laterally or medially from NAC 131 or 141. In this alternative method, suspension members are implanted in the curved channels. Figure 12 is a diagram showing a method for inserting a strut 155 (shown in more detail as 110 in Figure 9) into the patient's breast. The strut 155 can be inserted through one of the puncture incisions (e.g., 157) in the breast. In one modality, the strut is inserted into a predefined channel created in the breast between the puncture incision locations 156 and 157 by blunt dissection. Alternatively, the channel defined by the strut can be formed by blunt dissection at the same time as the strut is implanted. In other modalities, a needle with a blunt tip attached to an arm of a strut, as shown in Figure 9, can be used to insert the strut by blunt dissection. In other modalities, an introducer tool can be used to create a channel for the strut by advancing a needle attached to an arm of the strut through breast tissue above the NAC. Fig.Figure 13 is a diagram showing an implanted strut 165 located superior to the breast's NAC 161, and the introducer tool 164 used for strut implantation. The strut is preferably inserted in a medial-to-lateral plane as shown in Figure 13. After strut 165 is implanted, the introducer 164 is removed, leaving the suspension limbs and strut implanted in the breast as shown in Figure 1. The breast is lifted by applying tension in a lower-to-upper direction to the support lines and connecting the support lines to the strut arms 165. (Figure 1 shows in more detail the connection of the support lines to the strut arms at connection points 6.) Any suitable method may be used to connect the support lines to the strut arms. In some modalities, the support lines are tied, stapled, or fused to the strut arms.In some modalities, the excess support line and strut arms can be trimmed after the support lines have been connected to the strut arms. Any pins attached to the strut arms are removed after strut implantation. In some modalities, tension is applied to the support lines, and the support lines are connected to the strut arms while the patient is in an upright position. Although the method shown in Figures 10 to 13 demonstrates the implantation of one suspension member on each side of the breast, additional suspension members can be inserted into the breast, if desired, to provide the desired lift. In one embodiment, a method of lifting a patient's breast comprises the steps of: (i) introducing a first suspension member comprising a first support line with a first end and a second end, and a first anchor member with a first end and a second end, the first support line being connected at its second end to a first anchor member at its first end, on the lateral side of the breast, (ii) introducing a second suspension member comprising a second support line with a first end and a second end, and a second anchor member with a first end and a second end, the second support line being connected at its second end to a second anchor member at its first end, on the medial side of the breast, and (iii) connecting the first end of the first support line to the first end of the second support line in a position superior to the NAC of the breast,Secure the first end of the first support line and the first end of the second support line to position the tissue in one or more positions superior to the breast's NAC, or insert a strut superior to the breast's NAC and connect the first ends of the first and second support lines to the strut. In some modalities, the anchoring members are configured with retainers to connect and lift the tissue. In some modalities, the support lines are configured with fixation elements to attach to the tissue. In some modalities, the positioning tissue is selected from one or more of the following: muscle, pectoral muscle, intercostal tissue, fascia, bone, rib, clavicle, ligament, tendon, and skin. In some modalities, the method involves inserting the suspension members into the breast in a superior-to-inferior direction. In some modalities, the method involves inserting the suspension members into the breast in a inferior-to-superior direction. In some modalities,The anchor members further comprise introducer housing tips at their ends. In certain embodiments, the method comprises inserting an introducer tool into the introducer housing tips connected to the anchor members and using the introducer tool to implant the suspension members into the breast. In certain embodiments, the introducer housing tips have blunt driving tips and are used to form defined channels in the breast for implantation of the suspension members. In certain embodiments, defined channels are formed in the breast by using an introducer tool to push the introducer housing tip with a blunt driving tip through breast tissue with sufficient penetration force to penetrate the breast tissue. After the channel is formed,The introducer tool is removed from the breast, leaving the suspension member connected to the introducer housing tip implanted in the breast. In some models, the introducer housing tips have tapered shapes with blunt driving tips to facilitate the formation of defined channels in the breast. In some models, the strut comprises a first arm with a first and a second end, a second arm with a first and a second end, and a textile or plate with a first and a second end, wherein the second end of the first arm is connected to the first end of the textile or plate, and the second end of the second arm is connected to the second end of the textile or plate.and wherein the breast lift method comprises connecting the first end of the first support line to the first strut arm and connecting the first end of the second support line to the second strut arm after implantation of the strut and suspension members into the breast. In various modalities, the method further comprises one or more of the following steps: (a) making one or more puncture incisions in the breast, (b) inserting an introducer housing tip connected to a suspension member, or a blunt dissecting tool, into the puncture incision, (c) creating straight or curved channels on the medial and lateral sides of the breast by blunt dissection for the insertion of suspension members, (d) inserting a suspension member with an introducer tool, and implanting the suspension member into the breast,(e) inserting a suspension member into the breast where the suspension member is partially or completely covered by a liner, and removing the liner from the breast after insertion of the suspension member into the breast, (f) applying tension to one or more of the suspension members in a lower-to-upper direction to lift the breast, optionally after seating the patient in an upright position, (g) trimming the support lines after connecting the support lines together, (h) creating a straight or curved channel superior to the NAC of the breast by blunt dissection for strut insertion. In one embodiment, a method of lifting a breast comprises: providing a piercing incision tool, an introducer tool, a suspension member comprising a support line with a first and a second end, and an anchor member with a first and a second end, the support line being connected at its second end to the anchor member at its first end, wherein an introducer housing tip with a blunt dissecting tip is connected to the second end of the anchor member, making a piercing incision in the breast, connecting the introducer tool to the introducer housing tip, and inserting the introducer housing tip into the piercing incision, making a defined channel in the breast, on the lateral or medial side of the breast.By using the introducer tool to push the introducer housing tip through the breast tissue with sufficient penetration force to penetrate the breast tissue and to deliver the suspension member connected to the introducer housing tip into the channel, with the support line of the suspension member in a position superior to the anchoring member, applying a force to the support line to lift the breast, and securing the support line in a position superior to the NAC of the breast. In one embodiment, the method further comprises using a blunt dissecting tool to form a channel in a medial-to-lateral direction above the NAC of the breast, inserting a strut into the channel, and connecting a support line to the strut to secure the lifted breast in an elevated position. Modifications and variations of the methods and compositions will be evident from the detailed description above and are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims LOznn / rznz / E / YiAi.

Claims

1. A mastopexy system, comprising: a suspension member comprising a support line with a first end and a second end, and an anchor member with a first end and a second end, the support line being connected at its second end to the anchor member at its first end, and wherein the anchor member is connected to a support line at only one end; and a strut configured to join the support line.

2. The mastopexy system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the anchoring member is porous, or comprises a textile.

3. The mastopexy system according to any of claims 1 to 2, further characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one retainer, and wherein the anchoring member is configured with the retainers to join and lift the tissue.

4. The mastopexy system according to claim 3, further characterized in that the retainers are selected from one or more of the following: anchors, crank anchors, hooks, darts, prongs, clasps, projections, extensions, bumps, protrusions, spurs, protrusions, points, gears, surface roughness, surface irregularities, and arrows.

5. The mastopexy system according to any of claims 3 to 4, further characterized in that the retainers are positioned at an angle on the anchor members, and the retainers are angled at an angle less than 90 degrees measured between (i) the first end of the anchor member and the vertex of the angle and (ii) the tip of the retainer and the vertex of the angle.

6. The mastopexy system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the support line is configured with fixing elements for fixing the support line in soft tissue.

7. The mastopexy system according to claim 6, further characterized in that the fastening elements are selected from one or more of the following: braids, warp fabrics, and warp fabrics comprising column stitches.

8. The mastopexy system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the second end of the anchoring member is connected to an introducer housing tip with a blunt driving tip, wherein the introducer housing tip is designed for removable connection to the distal tip of an introducer tool.

9. The mastopexy system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the suspension member can withstand a load of at least 5 N.

10. The mastopexy system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the anchoring member can withstand a burst force of at least 1 N.

11. The mastopexy system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the implant comprises one or more absorbable polymers, or wherein the implant comprises one or more absorbable polymers selected from the following: polymers, homopolymers, and copolymers comprising glycolic acid, lactic acid, 1,4-dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, ε-caprolactone, 1,4-butanediol, and succinic acid.

12. The mastopexy system according to claim 1, further characterized in that the suspension member is partially or totally inserted into a removable sleeve.

13. The mastopexy system according to claim 1, further characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more tools.

14. The mastopexy system according to claim 13, further characterized in that the one or more tools are selected from one or more of the following: a piercing incision tool, a blunt dissecting tool, and an introducer tool.

15. The mastopexy system according to claim 14, further characterized in that the piercing incision tool is adapted to make a piercing incision in the breast, the blunt dissecting tool or introducer tool is adapted to create a defined channel through the breast, originating from the piercing incision, for insertion of the suspension member or strut, and wherein the introducer tool is adapted to insert the suspension member or strut into the breast, and wherein the suspension member is adapted to lift the breast.

16. The mastopexy system according to claim 13, further characterized in that it comprises an introducer tool, wherein the introducer tool is connected to the suspension member, wherein the introducer tool facilitates the placement of the suspension member on the breast through an incision, and wherein the suspension member lifts the breast.

17. The mastopexy system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, further characterized in that the strut comprises a first arm, a second arm, and a textile or plate connected to the first and second arms, wherein the first arm is configured to join the support line.

18. A mastopexy system for securing a patient's breast in a target position, the breast having a nipple-areola complex (NAC), an intermuscular facies (IMF), a lateral side, and a medial side, the mastopexy system comprising: a first suspension member comprising a first support line with a first end and a second end, and a first anchor member with a first end and a second end, the first support line being connected at its second end to a first anchor member at its first end; a second suspension member comprising a second support line with a first end and a second end, and a second anchor member with a first end and a second end, the second support line being connected at its second end to a second anchor member at its first end; and a strut configured to connect to the first suspension member and the second suspension member;wherein when a suspension member is implanted in the breast, it is located on the lateral side of the breast, and when the second suspension member is implanted in the breast, it is located on the medial side of the breast, so that the support lines of the suspension members are located above the anchoring members, and the first ends of the support lines are located above the NAC.; 19. The mastopexy system according to claim 18, further characterized in that the strut provides a means for attaching the strut to the support lines.

20. The mastopexy system according to claim 19, further characterized in that when the strut is implanted in the breast, it is located above the NAC of the breast.

21. Mastopexy systems according to any of claims 19 to 20, further characterized in that the strut comprises a first arm with a first end and a second end, a second arm with a first end and a second end, and a textile or plate with a first end and a second end, wherein the second end of the first arm is connected to the first end of the textile or plate, and wherein the second end of the second arm is connected to the second end of the textile or plate, and optionally wherein a needle is connected to the first end of one of the first and second arms or wherein needles are connected to the first ends of each of the first and second arms.

22. The mastopexy system according to claim 18, further characterized in that each of the first and second suspension members additionally comprises an introducer housing tip, wherein the introducer housing tip is designed for connection to the distal tip of an introducer tool.

23. The mastopexy system according to claim 22, further characterized in that the introducer housing tip comprises a blunt driving tip designed for blunt tissue dissection.

24. The mastopexy system according to claim 18, further characterized in that each of the first and second suspension members comprises one or more retainers designed to bond to the tissue.

25. The mastopexy system according to claim 18, further characterized in that the first and second suspension members are at least partially covered by linings.

26. A method of manufacturing the strut according to any of claims 15 or 19, wherein the strut comprises a first arm with a first end and a second end, a second arm with a first end and a second end, and a textile or plate with a first end and a second end, wherein the second end of the first arm is connected to the first end of the textile or plate, and wherein the second end of the second arm is connected to the second end of the textile or plate, wherein the textile is woven from monofilament fiber, wherein the plate is injection molded, and wherein the first and second arms are formed from monofilament fiber and are tied, stapled, or fused to the textile or plate.

27. The method according to claim 26, further characterized in that the plate is perforated, or injection molded and perforated.

28. The method according to claim 26, further characterized in that the plate is injection molded with teeth protruding from at least one side of the plate.

29. The method according to claim 26, further characterized in that a needle is attached to the first end of the first arm of the strut, or needles are attached to the first ends of the first and second arms of the strut.

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