Cell reselection actions based on user equipment mobility state

Abstract

A method performed by a user equipment (UE) for conducting UE-based mobility actions based on a mobility state is disclosed. One example method includes receiving, by the UE, a configuration indicating one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states from a network node operating in a mobile communications network; and performing, by the UE, the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE.

Description

CELL RESELECTION ACTIONS BASED ON USER EQUIPMENT MOBILITY STATETECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to communications, and more particularly to methods and related mobile devices and mobile network nodes performing wireless and / or cellular based communications and signaling.BACKGROUND

[0002] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a new radio (“NR”) network 100 (e.g., a 5th Generation (“5G”) network) including a 5G core (“5GC”) network 130, network nodes 120a- b (e.g., 5Gbase station (“gNB”)), and multiple communication devices 110 (also referred to as user equipment (“UE”)).

[0003] Mobile networks have been deployed all over the world in the past decades: starting with providing voice as the only service. Mobile networks then evolved gradually over the years with advanced technologies to support mobile broadband and other use cases.

[0004] The increasing demand to support more users and / or their associated user equipment (UE) with different use cases have compelled the network operators and the technology to increase the capacity of the mobile networks.

[0005] The increased capacity in the Radio Access Network (RAN) part is largely achieved by additional spectrum, i.e., larger portions of radio frequencies. However, due to different restrictions, most network operators have only access to a limited part of the spectrum that is usually scattered on different frequency bands. This is one reason why current Long Term Evolution (LTE) / NR networks are deployed with multiple overlaid carriers.

[0006] The supported frequency ranges for mobile network deployment have increased in every new generation. With 5G, even high band spectrums (e.g., mmW) are possible to be used. Likewise, 6thGeneration (6G) networks will most likely introduce and support even higher frequency ranges.

[0007] Notably, there are different techniques for distributing the users among the overlaid carriers and how to combine them when serving the UE in connected mode.

[0008] Idle mode Mobility and traffic steering

[0009] 3 GPP has defined different Radio Resource Control (RRC) states for the UE, including RRC-idle, RRC-inactive, or RRC-connected mode in NR.

[0010] A UE in an idle mode first performs a cell selection procedure to find a suitable cell. Afterwards, the UE follows the broadcast system information to perform a cell reselection. The UE should always measure higher priority frequencies and camp on a cell on such frequency if it fulfills the minimum signal level / quality (RSRP / RSRQ) requirements.

[0011] If no higher priority frequency is defined or no cell on a higher priority frequency is detected, the UE needs to make sure to camp on the strongest cell among equal priority frequencies. In the event the signal level / quality of the strongest cell is lower than a minimum threshold, the UE should attempt to search for lower priority frequencies and camp on a cell fulfilling the corresponding minimum signal level / quality, e.g., RSRP / RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Power / Reference Signal Received Quality).

[0012] The cell reselection procedure is valid for the UE in both RRC-idle and RRC- inactive mode.

[0013] The priorities between different carrier frequencies in the mobile network is defined via the IE cellReselectionPriorities, which is broadcasted in a System Information Block (SIB), such as SIB4 / SIB5, in NR or sent to the UE via a RRC Release message. If the UE receives the dedicated cellReselectionPriorities, it overrides the broadcasted information. For example, an example SIB2 information element 200 and an example RRC Release message 202 are depicted in Figure 2.

[0014] The cell reselection procedure, which is also referred to as “idle / inactive mode mobility” can be used as a way to steer UEs to specific carriers in a multi-layer (multi-carrier) RAN deployment. By assigning the highest priority to a specific carrier, all UEs which are in the coverage, should try to camp on that. This is a very useful tool to specifically attract UEs to small cells with limited coverage but with high capacity, such as cells deployed on high frequency ranges.

[0015] UE Mobility State

[0016] A UE in idle mode can determine its mobility state (e.g., normal- / medium- / high- mobility state) based on the number of cell reselections performed during a given time period. For UEs in a high or medium mobility state, it is possible to apply speed dependent scaling factors for cell reselection to compensate for the higher speed, e.g., using a shorter cell reselection timer (TreselectionNR / TreselectionEUTRA) and separate hysteresis values (Q- Hyst). The criteria for High Mobility states and use of speed dependent scaling factors are specified in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.304, section 5.2.4.3. This functionality is available in NR from Release 15 of the TS. In current versions of the TS, there is no mobility state for stationary or low mobility UEs.

[0017] Low mobility / stationary UEs and relaxed measurements

[0018] From release 16 of the TS, possibilities for “relaxed RRM measurements” are introduced to be used by UEs in good coverage and with low mobility. One main reason has been reducing UE power consumption in idle mode when searching / measuring for neighbor cells. Release 17 of the TS has introduced further conditions adapted for RedCap UEs (i.e., UEs with reduced capability) to allow for further reduction in battery consumption. Relaxed measurement rules for low mobility and stationary RedCap UE are specified in TS 38.304, clause 5.2.4.9. The criterion and configurations are specified in 3GPP TS 38.331 V17.2.0, chapter 6.3.1 SIB2 and 5.7.4.4 for RedCapUE. Figure 3 illustrates an example SIB2 information element 300 and an associated “Otherconfig” information element 302.SUMMARY

[0019] There currently exist certain challenge(s). The latest generation of cellular networks allows for the support of higher frequency ranges (e.g., such as Frequency Range 2 (FR2) in 5G). Today these frequency ranges are mainly utilized via dual connectivity techniques, such as EN-DC (E-UTRAN NR - Dual Connectivity) and NR-DC (NR-NR - Dual Connectivity) and / or carrier aggregation (CA) due to the challenges of supporting Primary cells (PCells) on FR2 (also referred to as mmW standalone operation).

[0020] Thus, cells currently defined in FR2 are either considered as Secondary cells (SCells) for carrier aggregation and / or PSCell (primary SCG cell) or SCells of a Secondary Cell Group (SCG) for UEs in EN-DC and / or NR-DC, i.e., cells are used only for UEs that are in a RRC CONNECTED state and are configured / added via dedicated signaling while the UE is in the RRC CONNECTED state.

[0021] One challenge related to the usage of cells in FR2 frequencies is mobility. As with higher frequencies, the signal strength may fluctuate very quickly due to small changes in the environment, which may lead to frequent handovers and / or link failures such as Radio Link Failure (as defined in TS 38.331) and / or Beam Failure Detection (as defined in TS 38.321). Another challenge is battery-related, where support of a PCell on FR2 may require more power.

[0022] As the radio base stations and UE / devices become more mature, using PCells on FR2 becomes more attractive due to, for example, improved beamforming, antennas, and power saving. In addition, the higher the demand for resources, capacity, and improved service performance calls for a better usage of higher frequencies and the overall spectrum, such as the frequencies defined within FR2, so that there needs to be means to use higher frequency cells(e.g., with bands defined in FR2) also for UEs operating in power saving / sleeping states, such as the RRC IDLE state and / or RRC INACTIVE state (as indicated in TS 38.331) defined for 5GNew Radio (NR), or future technologies such as 5G Advanced and the Sixth Generation of Radio Access Networks (6G).

[0023] Today there are specific devices and / or use cases that could benefit by using PCells on FR2, but it is not possible to apply differentiated configurations based on the existing technology. As in 6G it is expected an even higher traffic demand, a better utilization of the available spectrum, including the bands in higher frequencies will be very important, such as FR2 or beyond. In addition, considering that in 6G even higher frequencies are being considered (e.g., in the range of sub-terahertz (THz) or even THz), the challenges presented for millimeter wave (mmWave) would be even greater.

[0024] In one embodiment, the disclosed subject matter includes a method performed by a UE for conducting UE-based mobility actions based on a mobility state, the method comprising: receiving, by the UE, a configuration indicating one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states from a network node operating in a mobile communications network; and performing, by the UE, the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE. In some embodiments, the disclosed method may be embodied as a software program or algorithm that is stored in memory (as a non-transitory computer readable medium) and executed by processing circuitry of user equipment (e.g., a smartphone, tablet computer, etc.).

[0025] In one embodiment, the disclosed subject matter includes a user equipment comprising processing circuitry; and at least one memory storing instructions executable by the processing circuitry to perform operations to: receive a configuration indicating one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states from a network node operating in a mobile communications network; and perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE.

[0026] In one embodiment, the disclosed subject matter includes a method generating, by the network node operating in a mobile communications network, a configuration that indicates one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states; and sending, by the network node, the configuration to a user equipment, UE, for configuring the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE. In some embodiments, the disclosed method may be embodied as a software program or algorithm that is stored in memory (as a non-transitory computer readable medium) and executed by processing circuitry of network node (e.g., a gNodeB, eNodeB, or the like).

[0027] In one embodiment, the disclosed subject matter includes a network node that comprises processing circuitry and at least one memory storing instructions executable by the processing circuitry to perform operations to: generate a configuration that indicates one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states; and send the configuration to a user equipment, UE, for configuring the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE.

[0028] Certain embodiments of the disclosed subject matter may provide one or more of the following technical advantage(s). The disclosed subject matter increases the utilization of the mmW spectrum, and the achievable downlink (DL) and (UL) throughput of the device since the described method(s) herein enables steering of suitable UEs to mmW standalone operation already in idle or inactive mode. In addition, by moving devices to FR2, the FR1 spectrum can be offloaded and provide more capacity to UEs that require a FR1 PCell.

[0029] Without the disclosed subject matter, the UE would have to first connect on FR1, be detected as stationary, and then steered with a handover (HO) to mmW. Notably, this can take several hundred milliseconds (ms) compared to starting directly at mmW, and may lead to handover failures, which may lead to even further delays to re-connect via a Reestablishment procedure or a transition from RRC IDLE to RRC CONNECTED. Alternatively, the UE may first connect on FR1, and then be configured with dual connectivity (DC) with SCG on FR2, or CA with one or more FR2 SCells, but also in these cases there is a delay involved in setting up the NR-DC or carrier aggregation (CA), which will impact both the UE perceived performance and the system level offloading to FR2.

[0030] Another option would be to steer all FR2 SA capable devices to FR2 in idle mode, however, this would lead to an increase in handovers and / or dropped calls as moving UEs can only briefly be connected to the same mmW cell.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate certain non-limiting embodiments of inventive concepts. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure l is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a 5th generation (“5G”) network;

[0033] Figure 2 depicts an example system information block (SIB) type 4 information element (IE) and an example associated RRC Release message in accordance with some embodiments;

[0034] Figure 3 depicts an example system information block (SIB) type 2 information element (IE) and an example OtherConfig information element in accordance with some embodiments;

[0035] Figure 4 is a signaling diagram illustrating the provisioning of a configuration to a user equipment (UE) by a network node in accordance with some embodiments;

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example deployment scenario with multiple overlaid frequency layers in accordance with some embodiments;

[0037] Figure 4 is a flow chart illustrating an example of operations performed by a UE to conduct UE-based mobility actions based on the mobility state of the UE in accordance with some embodiments;

[0038] Figure 5 is a block diagram of an example deployment scenario in accordance with some embodiments;

[0039] Figure 6 is a flow chart illustrating an example of operations performed by a user equipment (UE) to in accordance with some embodiments;

[0040] Figure 7 is a flow chart illustrating an example of operations performed by a network node to in accordance with some embodiments;

[0041] Figure 8 is a block diagram of radio control function in a centralized computing environment in accordance with some embodiments;

[0042] Figure 9 depicts an example system information block (SIB) type 4 information element (IE) in accordance with some embodiments;

[0043] Figure 10 depicts an example associated RRC Release message in accordance with some embodiments;

[0044] Figure 11 depicts an example Mobility State Parameters information element and associated field description table in accordance with some embodiments;

[0045] Figure 12 depicts an example SystemInformationBlockType24 information element in accordance with some embodiments;

[0046] Figure 13 depicts an example RRC Connection Release message in accordance with some embodiments;

[0047] Figure 14 depicts an example Mobility State Parameters information element and associated field description table in accordance with some embodiments;

[0048] Figure 15 is a block diagram of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments;

[0049] Figure 16 is a block diagram of a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments;

[0050] Figure 17 is a block diagram of a network node in accordance with some embodiments;

[0051] Figure 18 is a block diagram of a host, which may be an embodiment of the host of Figure 15, in accordance with some embodiments; and

[0052] Figure 19 is a block diagram of a virtualization environment in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art, in which examples of embodiments of inventive concepts are shown. Inventive concepts may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of present inventive concepts to those skilled in the art. It should also be noted that these embodiments are not mutually exclusive. Components from one embodiment may be tacitly assumed to be present / used in another embodiment.

[0054] Certain aspects of the disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. For example, the disclosed subject matter includes new steps for idle mode mobility procedures for steering stationary / low mobility UEs to a frequency or frequency range (e.g., to mmW carriers and / or FR2 and / or THz carriers). In general terms, rules are defined for the UE to perform idle mode mobility procedures (e.g., measurements for cell reselection, cell selection during release with redirect) based on the UE’s mobility state (or condition). One example is the UE being configured to camp and / or to select and / or to re-select and / or to perform cell reselection measurements on higher frequencies when the UE is not mobile (e.g., stationary). The concept can also be extended to a Radio Access Technology (RAT) which is deployed in a frequency range, i.e., steering towards a given RAT may also be based on UE mobility state. Another example is the UE receiving multiple frequency indications per UE mobility state in an RRC Release message for release with redirect and, selecting the frequency for performing cell selection based on the corresponding UE mobility state.

[0055] The idea covers a more general concept in which the UE determines to perform UE-based mobility actions based on its UE mobility state e.g., the UE performs cell reselection measurements on a carrier frequency ‘X’ when the UE is in a certain UE mobility state, suchas a stationary state. As such, it would be possible for the network to, e.g., configure the UE with a carrier frequency X (e.g., a first frequency) to be camped when the UE is stationary, or a configure the UE with a carrier frequency ‘Y’ (e.g., a second frequency different from the first frequency) to be camped when the UE is with moderate mobility.

[0056] In the disclosure, the term “idle mode mobility” is used to refer to mobility related action(s) or procedures in any sleeping and / or dormant state, such as mobility in RRC state(s) optimized for power saving in which mobility is UE-based (e.g., based on cell reselections and / or cell selection upon release with redirect), such as RRC IDLE and RRC INACTIVE. According to the disclosed subject matter, the UE may perform idle mode mobility actions depending on the UE mobility state, wherein idle mode mobility actions comprise, e.g., camping on a cell and / or carrier frequency, cell reselection and / or measurements for cell reselection, monitoring, and / or cell reselection rules. Thus, in more general terms, the disclosed subject matter can be applied to any state in which the UE performs cell reselection or another form of UE-based mobility (i.e., a mobility procedure in which the UE changes a network entity, like a cell, without the need for explicit network signaling).

[0057] Figure 4 illustrates an example signaling diagram 400 wherein the UE 410 is configured by a network node (e.g., represented below by the Radio Access Network (RAN) 420) with at least one cell reselection priority value per mobility state. As shown in Figure 4, the UE 410 initially identifies its own mobility state. Afterwards, UE 410 receives a signaling message 402, which includes cell reselection priorities that are designated based on frequency per the mobile state. For example, for frequency F0: the UE 410 receives a priority value X for when the UE is stationary and a priority value Y for when the UE is mobile. As such, UE 410 is configured to perform a UE-based mobility operation (e.g., block 403) such that the priority(ies) is / are used for one or more idle mode mobility actions. For example, the mode mobility action includes determining to perform one or more cell reselection measurements. However, the scope of the disclosed subject matter is not limited to the case that the RAN explicitly configures the UE with priorities.

[0058] The disclosed subject matter comprises the UE receiving a configuration from the network that indicates to the UE how to perform one or more actions for UE-based mobility based on UE mobility state, such as the configuration of at least one carrier frequency and multiple associated priorities, to be applied based on the UE mobility state, e.g., one priority value to be applied by the UE when the UE is stationary, and another priority value to be applied when the UE is mobile.

[0059] The disclosed subject matter indicates different ways in which this configuration may be signaled, e.g., in an RRC Release message transitioning the UE to a power saving and / or sleeping state (e.g., RRC IDLE, RRC INACTIVE), or in a System Information message (e.g., SIB-X).

[0060] The mobility state can be determined by different means. For example, one option is to base the mobility state on the existing mobility state estimation. This may be enhanced by including a new low mobility state, or low / stationary mobility state, to identify and / or indicate that the UE is in low mobility or stationary state. Another option is to use the existing criteria for “Relaxed measurement for UE with low mobility” to identify UE is stationary or in low mobility. Notably, there may be other mechanisms to determine the mobility state to work together with the fundamental idea, i.e., the fundamental method is not limited to a particular method for determining UE mobility state.

[0061] In some embodiments, the disclosed subject matter may also include a network node (e.g., a network function, a gNodeB, eNodeB, or a 6G Radio Access Network node) that transmits, to a UE, parameters for idle mode mobility procedures, wherein the parameters are for steering stationary / low mobility UEs to a particular frequency or frequency range (e.g., to mmW carriers and / or FR2 and / or THz carriers). Or in more general terms, the parameters may be used as input to rules for the UE to perform idle mode mobility procedures (e.g., measurements for cell reselection) based on the UE’s mobility state (or condition).

[0062] In some embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a method at a UE for cell selection or reselection in a sleeping state, e.g., RRC IDLE, RRC INACTIVE, where the UE applies relevant parameters provided by the network, based on its current level of mobility (or UE mobility state e.g., stationary, moderate mobility, high mobility, etc.).

[0063] In some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter, a method covering the fundamental idea may include one or more of the following. For example, a method at a UE configured to perform one or more actions for UE-based mobility, the method comprising: performing one or more UE-based mobility actions based on UE mobility state.

[0064] In some embodiments, the method further includes obtaining a configuration steering the UE to perform UE-based mobility depending on a mobility state, wherein obtaining may comprise the UE receiving the configuration from the network.

[0065] In some embodiments of the method, the UE performs the one or more actions for UE-based mobility while the UE is in a power saving state (e.g., RRC IDLE, RRC INACTIVE, a lower power mode while in RRC CONNECTED, etc ).

[0066] In some embodiments of the method(s), the one or more actions for UE-based mobility comprises one or more of: cell reselection, reselection of a carrier frequency for camping, cell selection upon reception of a release with redirect, reselection of a carrier frequency for cell reselection measurements, one or more rules for determining to perform inter-frequency measurements for cell reselection (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ), inter-frequency measurements, and the like.

[0067] In some embodiments of the method(s), the configuration comprises a cell reselection priority value (e.g., per carrier frequency) for a UE mobility state (e.g., priority X when the UE is stationary and priority Y when the UE is mobile).

[0068] In some embodiments of the method(s), the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information includes at least one indication of a frequency associated to a UE mobility state (e.g., carrier frequency XI when the UE is stationary and carrier frequency X2 when the UE is mobile).

[0069] In some embodiments of the method(s), the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information includes at least one indication of a Radio Access Technology or system associated to a UE mobility state (e.g., 6G when the UE is stationary and 5G when the UE is mobile).

[0070] In some embodiments of the method(s), the UE selects a frequency and / or RAT to perform cell selection based on the release with redirect information and the corresponding UE mobility state. In some embodiments of the method(s), the configuration is included in an RRC Release message based on which the UE transitions to RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE.

[0071] In some embodiments of the method(s), the configuration comprises multiple cell reselection priority values for a carrier frequency, wherein a value is for a given UE mobility state (e.g., priority X when the UE is stationary and priority Y when the UE is mobile), wherein the UE applies a corresponding value depending on its UE mobility state.

[0072] In some embodiments of the method(s), the UE-based mobility comprises i) cell reselection(s), e.g., as defined in 3GPP TS 38.304; and / or ii) mobility when the UE is in a sleeping state, optimized for power savings (e.g., RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE) and allowing an efficient transition to a connected state (e.g., RRC CONNECTED) that is optimized for data transmissions.

[0073] Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

[0074] Figure 5 depicts an example deployment scenario 500 with multiple overlaid frequency layers. The disclosed subject matter aims to facilitate the use of higher frequency spectrums (e.g., FR2 and / or mmW in NR) in standalone (SA) mode operation. In the context of the present disclosure, SA operation of a UE 510 in a frequency and / or cell comprises the UE being able to camp on a cell in that frequency and transitioning to RRC CONNECTED (e.g., from RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE) in that cell. For example, by performing random access, transmitting an RRC Setup Request (or RRC Resume Request when coming from RRC INACTIVE), receiving an RRC Setup (or RRC Resume when coming from RRC INACTIVE), entering RRC CONNECTED, transmitting an RRC Setup Complete (or RRC Resume Complete when coming from RRC INACTIVE), and / or operating in RRC CONNECTED in that cell, without being required to be configured with additional cells, like secondary cells (that option is not precluded). Another way to describe the SA operation is that the cell in FR2 is configured to the UE as a PCell during the transition to RRC CONNECTED.

[0075] To utilize the FR2 spectrum, either it can be used in aggregation with FR1 (through CA or DC) such that a PCell is configured in FR1, or it can be used in SA mode (i.e., as PCell on FR2). As indicated above, since connected mode mobility support in higher frequency spectrum (such as FR2) is still not mature enough, it is beneficial to only serve stationary UEs 301 in FR2 PCells.

[0076] The present disclosure describes the usage of priority values which can be applied by the UE depending on the UE mobility state, but that is extendable to the concept of subpriorities as specified in 3GPP TS 38.304. For example, the UE may receive a priority value for a carrier ‘X’, and ‘K’ sub-priority values, each for a UE-mobility state.

[0077] In some embodiments, the disclosed subject matter comprises a UE performing one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a UE mobility state. When it comes to how the UE determines its UE mobility state, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to a particular mechanism, but it comprises the possibility to combine within the method the existing technology for the procedures for the UE to identify low mobility / stationary conditions, as mentioned above.

[0078] As indicated below, various embodiments are described for the one or more UE- based mobility (also called idle mode mobility) actions the UE performs based on UE mobility state.

[0079] In some embodiments, the UE receives in a configuration (e.g., in RRC Release or via System Information) at least a first cell reselection priority (e.g., a first absolute integer value) and a second cell reselection priority (e.g., a second absolute integer value) for a carrier frequency ‘X ‘(e.g., absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN)) or frequency band, wherein the first cell reselection priority is associated to a first mobility state, and the second cell reselection priority is associated to a second mobility state. The method further comprises the UE determining a priority to apply for the carrier frequency X based on its mobility state, such as: when the UE is in the first mobility state, the UE applies the first cell reselection priority for the carrier frequency X. When the UE is in the second mobility state, the UE applies the second cell reselection priority for the carrier frequency X. Based on determining the priority for frequency X, the UE performs one or more rules for UE-based mobility, e.g., for performing one or more cell reselection measurements on its serving cell and / or frequency and the carrier frequency X. Notably, this also covers the possibility that more than the same priority value is applicable for more than one mobility state, as long as at least one mobility state has a different priority value for the same frequency. For example, the UE receives a configuration of a carrier frequency X and multiple priority values, per UE mobility state. Afterwards, the UE applies the corresponding priority depending on the UE mobility state, which the UE needs to determine, e.g., as follows: i) Priority Al to be applied when the UE is stationary; ii) Priority A2 to be applied when the UE is in low mobility; iii) Priority A3 to be applied when the UE is in moderated mobility; and iv) Priority A4 to be applied when the UE is in high mobility.

[0080] In some embodiments, the UE receives absolute priorities of different frequencies (e.g., NR frequencies or inter-RAT (radio access technology) frequencies when the UE is in NR) to be applied based on UE mobility state, wherein these absolute priorities are received in the system information or in the RRC Release message, or by inheriting from another RAT at inter-RAT cell (re)selection. When in NR, the UE performs cell reselection evaluation for NR frequencies and inter-RAT frequencies that are given in system information and for which the UE has a priority provided, so that the UE is provided with a carrier frequency X and a priority value to be only applicable in a given UE mobility state, e.g., stationary. For example, the UE receives an indication of a carrier frequency X and a priority value to be applied when the UEis stationary, so that when the UE is not stationary, it is as if the UE would have not received that carrier frequency configuration.

[0081] In some embodiments, the UE receives (at least) a priority indication for a carrier frequency X (e.g., an absolute priority value) for one or more UE-based mobility actions (e.g., for cell reselection measurements, inter-frequency measurements for cell reselection, etc.), wherein the priority depends on an UE mobility state (e.g., stationary, low mobility, moderate mobility, or high mobility state), so that the UE applies the received prioritization based on its UE mobility state (e.g., stationary state). The priority received by the UE is used as input for the one of more UE-based mobility actions, such as for determining to perform (or not) interfrequency cell reselection measurements in that carrier frequency X, so that the UE applies the indicated priority for performing (or not) inter-frequency cell reselection measurements on a carrier frequency when the UE is in a particular mobility state (e.g., UE performs FR2 measurements for inter-frequency cell reselection when it is stationary, by the fact that in this case the FR2 carrier may have been given a high priority for when the UE is stationary). For example, the UE receives an indication that a carrier frequency X (e.g., in the mmWave frequency, FR2) has Priority A in case the UE is stationary and performs one or more of the following actions: i) when the UE determines to be stationary, the UE applies priority A and, when the indicated priority A is higher than the priority of the current frequency (e.g., the frequency of the cell in which the UE is camping) the UE performs measurements of higher priority carrier frequency, NR inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequencies accordingly; ii) when the UE determines to be stationary, the UE applies Priority A and, when the indicated priority A is lower or equal than the priority of the current frequency (e.g., the frequency of the cell in which the UE is camping) the UE applies one or more additional rules for determining to perform or not measurements on the indicated carrier frequency. For example, if the serving cell fulfils a criterion (e.g., Srxlev > SnonlntraSearchP and Squal > SnonlntraSearchQ, as defined in 3GPP TS 38.304), the UE chooses not to perform measurements of inter-frequencies or inter-RAT frequency cells of equal or lower priority; otherwise, the UE perform measurements of NR inter-frequencies or inter-RAT frequency cells of equal or lower priority; and / or iii) when the UE determines that it is not stationary, the UE does not apply Priority A and considers it as if that carrier frequency would have not been configured.

[0082] Notice that in the same way a carrier frequency X (which is a candidate for cell reselection) may be configured with a priority depending on a UE mobility state, a serving frequency may also be similarly configured. For example, a serving frequency K may have a priority that is to be applied based on a UE mobility state.

[0083] In other embodiments, the UE receives one or more indications of carrier frequencies to be considered as “candidate” frequencies for UE-based mobility (e.g., candidates for performing cell reselection measurements) when the UE is in a certain UE mobility state. The UE may receive a configuration with, for example, one or more indications of carrier frequencies (e.g., one or more ARFCN(s) for higher frequencies), and consider these as candidates when the UE is stationary, otherwise the UE does not consider these as candidate frequencies for UE-based mobility actions, such as cell reselection (e.g., and does not perform cell reselection measurements on these frequencies). For example, when a carrier frequency is configured for UE-based mobility (e.g., cell reselection measurements), the configuration indicates that the frequency is a candidate for a particular mobility state, e.g., stationary.

[0084] In some embodiments, the UE is configured with one or more parameters, which controls how the UE evaluates the UE mobility state. In one example, the UE receives a periodicity value in which the UE is meant to periodically evaluate whether it is in one of the mobility state(s), e.g., every X milliseconds (ms) the UE verifies which state it is in.

[0085] In some embodiments, the UE receives the cell reselection priority list per mobility state for a sleeping state in system information. One option is to extend the existing cellReselectionPriorities broadcasted via SIB4 to also include a differentiated configuration based on mobility state. Another option is to include this information in SIB3 or any other SIB- x.

[0086] In some embodiments, the UE receives the cell reselection priority list per mobility state for a sleeping state in the RRC Release message. The RRC release message may also include an indication of the initial mobility state of the UE. This initial mobility state can then be updated while in the sleeping state based on the methods indicated above. The network (e.g., network node, gNB, etc.) may use measurement reports from the UE or measurements on the UEs dedicated signals, Doppler shift etc., while the UE is in the RRC CONNECTED state to determine the initial mobility state of the UE.

[0087] In some embodiments, the UE receives an RRC Release message including a release and redirect configuration, wherein the configuration comprises one or more carrier frequencies, wherein each carrier frequency is associated to a UE mobility state, e.g., frequency XIUE stationary; frequency X2UE mobile. Upon reception of the message, the UE transitions to RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE (e.g., when the message includes a suspend configuration), determines its UE mobility state, and based on the determined UE mobility state, selects one of the indicated frequencies for performing release with redirect. For example, when the UE determines itself to be stationary, the UE selects frequency XIand performs cell selection in frequency XI . Or, when the UE determines itself to be mobile, the UE selects frequency X2 and performs cell selection in frequency X2.

[0088] In some embodiments, the UE receives an RRC Release message including a release and redirect configuration, wherein the configuration comprises one or more RAT(s) indications, each associated to a UE mobility state, e.g., 6GUE stationary; 5GUE mobile. Upon reception of the message, the UE transitions to RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE (e.g., when the message includes a suspend configuration), determines its UE mobility state and, based on the determined UE mobility state selects one of the indicated RAT(s) for performing release with redirect. For example, when the UE determines itself to be stationary, the UE performs cell selection in 6G. Or, when the UE determines itself to be mobile, the UE performs cell selection in 5G.

[0089] In another set of embodiments, the UE receives an RRC Release message including a release and redirect configuration, wherein the configuration comprises one or more frequency indications possibly per RAT, each associated to a UE mobility state e.g., 6G frequency XIUE stationary; 5G frequency X2UE mobile. Upon reception of the message, the UE transitions to RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE (e.g., when the message includes a suspend configuration), determines its UE mobility state and, based on the determined UE mobility state selects one of the indicated RAT(s) and frequencies for performing release with redirect. For example, when the UE determines itself to be stationary, the UE performs cell selection in 6G frequency XL Or, when the UE determines itself to be mobile, the UE performs cell selection in 5G frequency X2.

[0090] Notably, the scope of the disclosed subject matter is not limited to NR. Rather, it can be applied to LTE, upcoming 6G specifications and / or applications, and future generation mobile networks as well.

[0091] In some embodiments, the LTE specifications may be extended to support the low mobility / stationary conditions, similar to NR. The system broadcasted information for inter radio access technology (IRAT) cell reselection priorities (SIB24) could be extended to allow such UEs to camp directly on FR2 carriers in NR (or any other higher frequency spectrum in future generation RATs) when in coverage. Similarly, the same or similar IRAT configuration can be added in the RRCConnectionRelease message to apply dedicated ring-based cluster routing protocol (CRP) for specific UEs in low mobility / stationary state.

[0092] Figure 6 is a flow chart of a method and / or process 600 executed by a UE or other communication device. In some embodiments, process 600 may represent a software algorithm or program that is stored in memory and executed by one or more processors (and / or processingcircuitry) of a UE. For example, process 600 may be stored in memory 1610 and executed by processing circuitry 1602 as shown in Figure 16 and described below. In block 601, process 600 includes receiving, by the UE, a configuration indicating one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states from a network node operating in a mobile communications network. In some embodiments, a UE may be configured to wirelessly receive a configuration from a network node via a RRC release message or SIB message. Notably, the configuration may include UE-based mobility actions, such as one or more carrier frequencies mapped to a number of priority values. Each of the mobility actions are similarly associated to a UE mobility state, e.g., stationary, low mobility, moderate mobility, and / or high mobility.

[0093] In block 602, process 600 includes performing, by the UE, the one or more UE- based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE. In some embodiments, the UE may be in a power saving state (e.g., idle or inactive) and subsequently performs and / or executes a mobility action based on its current mobility state. For example, the UE may utilize the configuration received from the network node to determine what mobility action is performed. In some embodiments, the UE determines its mobility state based on an existing mobility state estimation or some other measurement process. Notably, the UE can determine if it is in a low mobility state, a stationary state, moderate mobility state, or a high mobility state. Once the UE mobility state is determined, the UE accesses the configuration to determine what mobility action is performed. For example, the UE may be steered to a particular carrier frequency (in FR2) in accordance with a particular cell reselection priority value (for that carrier frequency) when it is in a particular state (e.g., in a stationary state).

[0094] In some embodiments, the configuration is utilized to steer the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on the mobility state of the UE. In some embodiments, the UE performs the one or more UE-based mobility actions while the UE is in a power saving state. In some embodiments, the power saving state comprises an RRC IDLE state, a RRC INACTIVE state, or a lower power mode while in a RRC CONNECTED state. In some embodiments, the one or more UE-based mobility actions comprises one or more of: cell reselection action, reselection of a carrier frequency for camping, cell selection upon reception of a release with redirect, reselection of a carrier frequency for cell reselection measurements, one or more rules for determining to perform inter-frequency measurements for cell reselection (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ), and / or interfrequency measurements.

[0095] In some embodiments, the configuration comprises a cell reselection priority value for a UE mobility state. In some embodiments, a first cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a stationary state and a second cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a mobile state. In some embodiments, the cell reselection priority values correspond to one or more carrier frequencies. In some embodiments, the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a frequency associated to the UE mobility state. In some embodiments, the at least one indication of a frequency comprises an indication of a first carrier frequency when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second frequency when the UE is mobile. In some embodiments, the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a Radio Access Technology, RAT, or system associated to a UE mobility state. In some embodiments, the at least one indication comprises an indication of a first mobile system network type when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second mobile system network type when the UE is mobile. In some embodiments, the first mobile system network type is a 6G network and the second system network type is a 5G network.

[0096] In some embodiments, the UE selects a frequency and / or a RAT to perform cell selection based on the release with redirect information and the corresponding UE mobility state. In some embodiments, the configuration is included in an RRC Release message based on the UE transitioning to a RRC IDLE state or a RRC INACTIVE state. In some embodiments, the configuration comprises a plurality of cell reselection priority values for a carrier frequency, wherein each cell reselection priority value is associated with a particular UE mobility state, and wherein the UE applies a corresponding cell reselection priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE. In some embodiments, the plurality of cell reselection priority values comprises a first priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a stationary state and a second priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a mobile state, and wherein the UE applies either the first or second priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE. In some embodiments, the UE-based mobility comprises a cell reselection as defined in TS 38.304. In some embodiments, the UE-based mobility comprises when the UE is in a sleeping, idle, and / or inactive state that is optimized for power savings and allows for an efficient transition to a connected state optimized for data transmissions. In some embodiments, the configuration is sent by the network node to the UE via a radio resource control (RRC) release message or a System Information message.

[0097] Figure 7 is a flow chart of a method and / or process 700 executed by one or more network nodes (e.g., a gNB, eNB, or any other access network node that can establish a wireless / cellular connection). In some embodiments, process 700 may represent a software algorithm or program that is stored in memory and executed by one or more processors (and / or processing circuitry) of a network node. For example, process 700 may be stored in memory 1704 and executed by processing circuitry 1702 as shown in Figure 17 and described below. In block 701, process 700 includes generating, by the network node operating in a mobile communications network, a configuration that indicates one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states. In some embodiments, an eNodeB or a gNodeB may be configured to generate and / or deliver a configuration to a UE. Further, the configuration may include UE-based mobility actions, such as one or more carrier frequencies mapped to a number of priority values. Each of the mobility actions are similarly associated to a specific UE mobility state, e.g., stationary, low mobility, moderate mobility, and / or high mobility.

[0098] In block 702, process 700 includes sending, by the network node, the configuration to a user equipment, UE, for configuring the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE. some embodiments, a network node may be configured to wirelessly transmit the configuration to a UE via a RRC release message or SIB message.

[0099] In some embodiments, the network node is a gNodeB, eNodeB, or a 6G Radio Access Network (RAN) node. In some embodiments, the configuration is sent to the UE via a radio resource control, RRC, release message or a System Information message. In some embodiments, the configuration is utilized to steer the UE to perform the one or more UE- based mobility actions based on the mobility state of the UE. In some embodiments, the UE performs the one or more UE-based mobility actions while the UE is in a power saving state. In some embodiments, the power saving state comprises an RRC IDLE state, a RRC INACTIVE state, or a lower power mode while in a RRC CONNECTED state. In some embodiments, the one or more UE-based mobility actions comprises one or more of: cell reselection action, reselection of a carrier frequency for camping, cell selection upon reception of a release with redirect, reselection of a carrier frequency for cell reselection measurements, one or more rules for determining to perform inter-frequency measurements for cell reselection (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ), and / or inter-frequency measurements. In some embodiments, the configuration comprises a cell reselection priority value for a UE mobility state.

[0100] In some embodiments, a first cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a stationary state and a second cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a mobile state. In some embodiments, the cell reselection priority values correspond to one or more carrier frequencies. In some embodiments, the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a frequency associated to the UE mobility state. In some embodiments, the at least one indication of a frequency comprises an indication of a first carrier frequency when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second frequency when the UE is mobile. In some embodiments, the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a Radio Access Technology, RAT, or system associated to a UE mobility state.

[0101] In some embodiments, the at least one indication comprises an indication of a first mobile system network type when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second mobile system network type when the UE is mobile. In some embodiments, the first mobile system network type is a 6G network and the second system network type is a 5G network. In some embodiments, the UE selects a frequency and / or a RAT to perform cell selection based on the release with redirect information and the corresponding UE mobility state. In some embodiments, the configuration is included in an RRC Release message based on the UE transitioning to a RRC IDLE state or a RRC INACTIVE state. In some embodiments, the configuration comprises a plurality of cell reselection priority values for a carrier frequency, wherein each cell reselection priority value is associated with a particular UE mobility state, and wherein the UE applies a corresponding cell reselection priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE. In some embodiments, the plurality of cell reselection priority values comprises a first priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a stationary state and a second priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a mobile state, and wherein the UE applies either the first or second priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE. In some embodiments, the UE-based mobility comprises a cell reselection. In some embodiments, the UE-based mobility comprises when the UE is in a sleeping, idle, and / or inactive state that is optimized for power savings and allows for an efficient transition to a connected state optimized for data transmissions.

[0102] Cloud Implementation

[0103] The RAN part of the disclosed subject matter may be positioned in an NG-RAN system 800 typically located in the radio control function (RCF) 801 of a gNB or ng-eNB. The RCF 801 may be located physically in a distributed entity close to the radio nodes (RN) 803servicing a UE 804 or in a data center in a central location or on suitable hardware somewhere in between. For example, Figure 8 illustrates a plurality of RCFs 801 in a centralized computing environment 802 (e.g., a cloud computing environment).

[0104] NR TS Impact

[0105] Cell reselection priorities for low mobility or stationary UEs

[0106] The existing cellReselectionPriorities provided by the network is extended to also include differentiated configuration for stationary / low mobility UEs. The cellReselectionPriorities for stationary / low mobility UEs can be provided in RRCRelease (dedicated priorities) or in SIB4.

[0107] NOTE: the impact to NR specifications is used as baseline, but a somewhat similar impact could be expected when the feature is implemented in another radio access technology, such as 6G.

[0108] Impact on 3GPP TS 38,331The impact to RRC may be related to the control of cell reselection priorities for stationary and low mobility UEs is introduced in SIB4 (section 6.3.1). An example SIB4 information element 900 is shown in Figure 9. Control of cell reselection priorities for stationary and low mobility UEs is introduced in RRCRelease (section 6.3.1). An example RRCRelease message 1000 is depicted in Figure 10.

[0109] Impact on 38.304 (section 5.2.4.1)

[0110] A UE fulfilling the criteria for “stationary / low mobility UE” shall use the differentiated frequency priority provided by the network for cell reselection.

[0111] 5.2.4.1 Reselection priorities handling

[0112] Absolute priorities of different NR frequencies or inter-RAT frequencies may be provided to the UE in the system information, in the RRCRelease message, or by inheriting from another RAT at inter-RAT cell (re)selection. In the case of system information, an NR frequency or inter-RAT frequency may be listed without providing a priority (i.e., the field cellReselectionPriority is absent for that frequency). If any fields with cellReselectionPriority or nsag-CellReselectionPriority are provided in dedicated signalling, the UE shall ignore any fields with cellReselectionPriority and nsag-CellReselectionPriority provided in system information.

[0113] When the UE is camped in a normal state, if it supports slice-based cell reselection and has received the network slice(s) and NS AG information from NAS to be used for cell reselection, the UE shall derive reselection priorities according to clause 5.2.4.11.

[0114] When UE is in camped normally state and fulfils the criteria for “stationary / low mobility UE”, UE shall derive reselection priorities according to clause 5.2.4.xx.

[0115] 5 ,2, 4, xx Reselection priorities for stationary and low mobility UEs

[0116] The stationary and low mobility UE derives reselection priorities for cell reselection by using: cellReselectionPriorityLowMobility per frequency if provided in system information and / or dedicated signalling (see 3GPP TS 38.331).

[0117] Detection of a stationary / low mobility UE in IDLE mode and RRC INACTIVE state in a NR system

[0118] Stationary / low mobility UEs in IDLE mode and RRC INACTIVE state can be detected using one or a combination of the following options: 1) The existing mechanisms for “Mobility state” is extended with a new state for stationary / low mobility UEs. This method can identify a stationary or low mobility UE based on the number of intra-frequency cell reselections performed during a predefined time; and 2) The existing criteria for “Relaxed measurement for UE with low mobility” identifies a stationary / low mobility UE based on the Srxlev value of the serving cell (a stable value with small variations can be expected for a stationary / low mobility UE).

[0119] Option 1 : New Mobility state for stationary / low mobility UE

[0120] New criteria to detect stationary / low mobility state is introduced in 38.304 section 5.2.4.3.0

[0121] State detection criteria:

[0122] Stationary / low mobility state criteria: If number of intra-frequency cell reselections during time period TcRmax is less than or equal to NCR_LOW.

[0123] Normal-mobility state criteria: If number of cell reselections during time period TcRmax is greater than NCR_LOW but less than NCR_M.

[0124] Medium-mobility state criteria: If number of cell reselections during time period TcRmax is greater than or equal to NCR_M but less than or equal to NCR_H.

[0125] High-mobility state criteria: If number of cell reselections during time period TcRmax is greater than NCR_H.

[0126] The UE shall not consider consecutive reselections where a cell is reselected again right after one reselection for mobility state detection criteria. If the UE is capable of HSDNand the cellEquivalentSize is configured, the UE counts the number of cell reselections for this cell as cellEquivalentSize configured for this cell.

[0127] State transitions:

[0128] The UE shall: if the criteria for High-mobility state is detected: enter High-mobility state. else if the criteria for Medium-mobility state is detected: enter Medium-mobility state.-else if the criteria for Stationary or low-mobility state is detected:-enter Stationary or low-mobility state. else if criteria for either Medium- or High- or Stationary or low-mobility state is not detected during time period TcRmaxHyst: enter Normal -mobility state.

[0129] If the UE is in High- or Medium -mobility state, the UE shall apply the speed dependent scaling rules as defined in clause 5.2.4.3.1.

[0130] New parameter to control detection of the new stationary / low mobility state is introduced in 38.331, section 6.3.2

[0131] Mobility StateParameters

[0132] The IE MobilityStateParameters contains parameters to determine UE mobility state. An example MobilityStateParameters IE 1100 and associated table 1102 (which presents field descriptions corresponding to MobilityStateParameters IE 1100) are depicted in Figure 11.

[0133] Option 2: Relaxed measurements for UE with low mobility

[0134] The criterion is already specified in 38.304, section 5.2.4.9.1, no need for additional changes

[0135] 5.2.4.9.1 Relaxed measurement criterion for UE with low mobility

[0136] The relaxed measurement criterion for UE with low mobility is fulfilled when:(SrxleVRef - Srxlev) < SsearchDeltaP,Where:Srxlev = current Srxlev value of the serving cell (dB).SrxlevRef = reference Srxlev value of the serving cell (dB), set as follows: After selecting or reselecting a new cell, or If (Srxlev - SrxlevRef) > 0, orIf the relaxed measurement criterion has not been met for TsearchDeitap: The UE shall set the value of SrxlevRef to the current Srxlev value of the serving cell.

[0137] E-UTRA TS Impact

[0138] Cell reselection priorities for low mobility or stationary UEs

[0139] The existing cellReselectionPriorities and cellReselectionSubPriorities provided by the network is extended to also include differentiated configuration for stationary / low mobility UEs. The cellReselectionPriorities for stationary / low mobility UEs can be provided in RRCRelease (dedicated priorities) or in SIB.

[0140] Impact on 36,331

[0141] Control of cell reselection priorities for stationary and low mobility UEs is introduced in SIB24 (section 6.3.1). In Figure 12, an example SIB IE 1200 (e.g., a SystemInformationBlockType24 IE) is shown.

[0142] Control of cell reselection priorities for stationary and low mobility UEs is introduced in the RRCConnectionRelease message (section 6.2.2). Figure 13 illustrates an example RRC Connection Release message 1300.

[0143] Impact on 36,304 (section 5,2.4.1)

[0144] A UE fulfilling the criteria for “stationary / low mobility UE” shall use the differentiated frequency priority provided by the network for cell reselection.

[0145] The following paragraph is added in section 5.2.4.1 :

[0146] The stationary and low mobility UE derives reselection priorities for cell reselection by using: cellReselectionPriorityLowMobility and cellReselectionSubPriorityLowMobility per frequency if provided in system information and / or dedicated signalling (see TS 36.331 [3]).

[0147] Detection of a stationary / low mobility UE in IDLE mode and RRC INACTIVE state in an LTE system

[0148] Stationary / low mobility UEs in IDLE mode and RRC INACTIVE state can be detected using one (or a combination) of the following options:1. The existing mechanisms for “Mobility state” is extended with a new state for stationary / low mobility UEs. This method can identify a stationary or low mobility UE based on the number of intra-frequency cell reselections performed during a predefined time.2. A new criterion identifies a stationary / low mobility UE based on the Srxlev value of the serving cell (a stable value with small variations can be expected for a stationary / low mobility UE).

[0149] Option 1 : New Mobility state for stationary / low mobility UE

[0150] New criterion to detect stationary / low mobility state is introduced in 36.304 section5.2.4.3.

[0151] State detection criteria:

[0152] Stationary / low mobility state criteria:If number of intra-frequency cell reselections during time period TcRmax is less than or equal to NCR_LOW.

[0153] Medium-mobility state criteria:If number of cell reselections during time period TcRmax exceeds NCR_M and not exceeds NCR_H

[0154] High-mobility state criteria:If number of cell reselections during time period TcRmax exceeds NCR_H

[0155] The UE shall not count consecutive reselections between same two cells into mobility state detection criteria if same cell is reselected just after one other reselection. If the UE is capable of HSDN and the cellEquivalentSize is configured, the UE counts the number of cell reselections for this cell as cellEquivalentSize configured for this cell.

[0156] State transitions:

[0157] The UE shall: if the criteria for Stationary / Low-Mobility state is detected: enter Stationary / Low-mobility state. if the criteria for High-mobility state is detected: enter High-mobility state. else if the criteria for Medium-mobility state is detected: enter Medium-mobility state. else if criteria for either Medium- or High-mobility or Stationary / Low-Mobility state is not detected during time period TcRmaxHyst: enter Normal-mobility state.

[0158] If the UE is in High- or Medium -mobility state, the UE shall apply the speed dependent scaling rules as defined in clause 5.2.4.3.1.

[0159] New parameter to control detection of the new stationary / low mobility state is introduced in 36.331, section 6.3.2.

[0160] Mobility StateParameters

[0161] The IE Mobility StateParameters contains parameters to determine UE mobility state. For example, Figure 14 illustrates an example mobility state parameters IE 1400 and associated field description table 1420.

[0162] Option 2 : Stationary / Low mobility criterion based on Srxlev

[0163] A new criterion to identify stationary / low mobility UEs based on the Srxlev value of the serving cell is introduced in 36.304 in a new section.

[0164] Figure 15 shows an example of a communication system 1500 in accordance with some embodiments.

[0165] In the example, the communication system 1500 includes a telecommunication network 1502 that includes an access network 1504, such as a radio access network (RAN), and a core network 1506, which includes one or more core network nodes 1508. The access network 1504 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 1510a and 1510b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 1510), or any other similar 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points. Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network 1502 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network 1502 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network 1502, including one or more network nodes 1510 and / or core network nodes 1508.

[0166] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU), an open distributed unit (O-DU), an open central unit (O-CU), including an O-CU control plane (O- CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP), a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp), or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification). The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an Al, Fl, Wl, El, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN accessnode may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an 0-2 interface defined by the 0-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies. The network nodes 1510 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE), such as by connecting UEs 1512a, 1512b, 1512c, and 1512d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 1512) to the core network 1506 over one or more wireless connections.

[0167] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 1500 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 1500 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.

[0168] The UEs 1512 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 1510 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 1510 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 1512 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 1502 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 1502.

[0169] In the depicted example, the core network 1506 connects the network nodes 1510 to one or more hosts, such as host 1516. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 1506 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 1508) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 1508. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function(AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), Network Exposure Function (NEF), and / or a User Plane Function (UPF).

[0170] The host 1516 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 1504 and / or the telecommunication network 1502, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host 1516 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.

[0171] As a whole, the communication system 1500 of Figure 15 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G); wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi); and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.

[0172] In some examples, the telecommunication network 1502 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 1502 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 1502. For example, the telecommunications network 1502 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)ZMassive loT services to yet further UEs.

[0173] In some examples, the UEs 1512 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 1504 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by aninternal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 1504. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single- or multi-RAT or multi -standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e., being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio - Dual Connectivity (EN- DC).

[0174] In the example, the hub 1514 communicates with the access network 1504 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 1512c and / or 1512d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 1510b). In some examples, the hub 1514 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 1514 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 1506 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 1514 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 1510, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 1514. As another example, the hub 1514 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 1514 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 1514 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 1514 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 1514 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy loT devices.

[0175] The hub 1514 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 1510b. The hub 1514 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 1514 and UEs (e.g., UE 1512c and / or 1512d), and between the hub 1514 and the core network 1506. In other examples, the hub 1514 is connected to the core network 1506 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 1514 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 1504 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 1510 while still connected via the hub 1514 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 1514 may be a dedicated hub - that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 1510b. In other embodiments, the hub 1514 may be a non-dedicated hub - that is, a devicewhich is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 1510b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.

[0176] Figure 16 shows a UE 1600 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.

[0177] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3 GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle- to-everything (V2X). In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter).

[0178] The UE 1600 includes processing circuitry 1602 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1604 to an input / output interface 1606, a power source 1608, a memory 1610, a communication interface 1612, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 16. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

[0179] The processing circuitry 1602 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructionsstored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 1610. The processing circuitry 1602 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 1602 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs).

[0180] In the example, the input / output interface 1606 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 1600. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.

[0181] In some embodiments, the power source 1608 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source 1608 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 1608 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 1600 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 1608. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 1608 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 1600 to which power is supplied.

[0182] The memory 1610 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks,removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 1610 includes one or more application programs 1614, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 1616. The memory 1610 may store, for use by the UE 1600, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

[0183] The memory 1610 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD- DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC), integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card.’ The memory 1610 may allow the UE 1600 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 1610, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.

[0184] The processing circuitry 1602 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 1612. The communication interface 1612 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 1622. The communication interface 1612 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network). Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1618 and / or a receiver 1620 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth). Moreover, the transmitter 1618 and receiver 1620 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1622) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.

[0185] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 1612 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication,short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR), UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / intemet protocol (TCP / IP), synchronous optical networking (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and so forth.

[0186] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 1612, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors), in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent), in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request), or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient).

[0187] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.

[0188] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (loT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an loT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), a wearable for tactile augmentation orsensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal- or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an loT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the loT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE 1600 shown in Figure 16.

[0189] As yet another specific example, in an loT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3 GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.

[0190] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’ s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g., by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.

[0191] Figure 17 shows a network node 1700 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NRNodeBs (gNBs)), 0-RAN nodes or components of an 0-RAN node (e.g, 0-RU, 0-DU, O-CU).

[0192] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio basestation such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).

[0193] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi -standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs), Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)), and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs).

[0194] The network node 1700 includes a processing circuitry 1702, a memory 1704, a communication interface 1706, and a power source 1708. The network node 1700 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 1700 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 1700 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 1704 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 1710 may be shared by different RATs). The network node 1700 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1700, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1700.

[0195] The processing circuitry 1702 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logicoperable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 1700 components, such as the memory 1704, to provide network node 1700 functionality.

[0196] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1702 includes a system on a chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1702 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1712 and baseband processing circuitry 1714. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1712 and the baseband processing circuitry 1714 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1712 and baseband processing circuitry 1714 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.

[0197] The memory 1704 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer- readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computerexecutable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 1702. The memory 1704 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1702 and utilized by the network node 1700. The memory 1704 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1702 and / or any data received via the communication interface 1706. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1702 and memory 1704 is integrated.

[0198] The communication interface 1706 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 1706 comprises port(s) / terminal(s) 1716 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 1706 also includes radio front-end circuitry 1718 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 1710. Radio front-end circuitry 1718 comprises filters 1720 and amplifiers 1722. The radio front-end circuitry 1718 may be connected to an antenna 1710 and processing circuitry 1702. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1710 and processing circuitry 1702. The radio front-end circuitry 1718 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 1718 may convert the digital data into aradio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1720 and / or amplifiers 1722. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 1710. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 1710 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 1718. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 1702. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0199] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 1700 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 1718, instead, the processing circuitry 1702 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1710. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1712 is part of the communication interface 1706. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 1706 includes one or more ports or terminals 1716, the radio front-end circuitry 1718, and the RF transceiver circuitry 1712, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface 1706 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 1714, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

[0200] The antenna 1710 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 1710 may be coupled to the radio frontend circuitry 1718 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 1710 is separate from the network node 1700 and connectable to the network node 1700 through an interface or port.

[0201] The antenna 1710, communication interface 1706, and / or the processing circuitry 1702 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 1710, the communication interface 1706, and / or the processing circuitry 1702 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.

[0202] The power source 1708 provides power to the various components of network node 1700 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). The power source 1708 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 1700 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 1700 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power sourcesupplies power to power circuitry of the power source 1708. As a further example, the power source 1708 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.

[0203] Embodiments of the network node 1700 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 17 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1700 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 1700 and to allow output of information from the network node 1700. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 1700.

[0204] Figure 18 is a block diagram of a host 1800, which may be an embodiment of the host 1516 of Figure 15, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, the host 1800 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and / or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm. The host 1800 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.

[0205] The host 1800 includes processing circuitry 1802 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1804 to an input / output interface 1806, a network interface 1808, a power source 1810, and a memory 1812. Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures 16 and 17, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host 1800.

[0206] The memory 1812 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs 1814 and data 1816, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host 1800 or data generated by the host 1800 for a UE. Embodiments of the host 1800 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application programs 1814 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711), including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems). The host application programs 1814 may also provide foruser authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host 1800 may select and / or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE. The host application programs 1814 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH), etc.

[0207] Figure 19 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1900 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1900 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host), then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 1900 includes components defined by the 0-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.

[0208] Applications 1902 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0209] Hardware 1904 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1906 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs)), provide VMs 1908a and 1908b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1908), and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 1906 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 1908.

[0210] The VMs 1908 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1906. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1902 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 1908, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.

[0211] In the context of NFV, a VM 1908 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 1908, and that part of hardware 1904 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 1908 on top of the hardware 1904 and corresponds to the application 1902.

[0212] Hardware 1904 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 1904 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1904 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g., such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1910, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 1902. In some embodiments, hardware 1904 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1912 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.

[0213] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting theobtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

[0214] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.EMBODIMENTSGroup A EmbodimentsAl . A method performed by a user equipment, UE, for conducting UE-based mobility actions based on a mobility state, the method comprising: receiving (401), by the UE, a configuration indicating one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states from a network node operating in a mobile communications network; and performing (402), by the UE, the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE.A2. The method of Embodiment Al, wherein the configuration is utilized to steer the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on the mobility state of the UE.A3. The method of any of Embodiments Al to A2, wherein the UE performs the one or more UE-based mobility actions while the UE is in a power saving state.A4. The method of Embodiment A3, wherein the power saving state comprises an RRC IDLE state, a RRC INACTIVE state, or a lower power mode while in a RRC CONNECTED state.A5. The method of any of Embodiments Al to A4, wherein the one or more UE-based mobility actions comprises one or more of cell reselection action, reselection of a carrier frequency for camping, cell selection upon reception of a release with redirect, reselection of a carrier frequency for cell reselection measurements, one or more rules for determining to perform inter-frequency measurements for cell reselection (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ), and / or interfrequency measurements.A6. The method of any of Embodiments Al to A5, wherein the configuration comprises a cell reselection priority value for a UE mobility state.A7. The method of any of Embodiments Al to A6 wherein a first cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a stationary state and a second cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a mobile state.A8. The method of Embodiment A7, wherein the cell reselection priority values correspond to one or more carrier frequencies.A9. The method of any of Embodiments A7 to A8, wherein the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a frequency associated to the UE mobility state.A10. The method of Embodiment A9, wherein the at least one indication of a frequency comprises an indication of a first carrier frequency when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second frequency when the UE is mobile.Al l . The method of any of Embodiments A7 to A10, wherein the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a Radio Access Technology, RAT, or system associated to a UE mobility state.A12. The method of Embodiment Al l, wherein the at least one indication comprises an indication of a first mobile system network type when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second mobile system network type when the UE is mobile.Al 3. The method of Embodiment Al 2, wherein the first mobile system network type is a 6G network and the second system network type is a 5G network.A14. The method of any of Embodiments A9 to A13, wherein the UE selects a frequency and / or a RAT to perform cell selection based on the release with redirect information and the corresponding UE mobility state.Al 5. The method of any of Embodiments A9 to A14, wherein the configuration is included in an RRC Release message based on the UE transitioning to a RRC IDLE state or a RRC INACTIVE state.Al 6. The method of any of Embodiments Al to Al 5, wherein the configuration comprises a plurality of cell reselection priority values for a carrier frequency, wherein each cellreselection priority value is associated with a particular UE mobility state, and wherein the UE applies a corresponding cell reselection priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE.A17. The method of Embodiment A16, wherein the plurality of cell reselection priority values comprises a first priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a stationary state and a second priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a mobile state, and wherein the UE applies either the first or second priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE.Al 8. The method of any of Embodiments Al to Al 7, wherein UE-based mobility comprises a cell reselection as defined in TS 38.304.Al 9. The method of any of Embodiments Al to Al 8, wherein UE-based mobility comprises when the UE is in a sleeping, idle, and / or inactive state that is optimized for power savings and allows for an efficient transition to a connected state optimized for data transmissions.A20. The method of any of Embodiments Al to Al 9, wherein the configuration is sent by the network node to the UE via a radio resource control, RRC, release message or a System Information message.A21. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host via the transmission to the network node.Group B EmbodimentsBl. A method performed by a network node for provisioning mobility actions on a user equipment, UE, that correspond to UE mobility states, the method comprising: generating (501), by the network node operating in a mobile communications network, a configuration that indicates one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states; and sending (502), by the network node, the configuration to a user equipment, UE, for configuring the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a currentmobility state of the UE.B2. The method of Embodiment Bl, wherein the network node is a gNodeB, eNodeB, or a 6G Radio Access Network (RAN) node.B3. The method of any of Embodiments Bl to B2, wherein the configuration is sent to the UE via a radio resource control, RRC, release message or a System Information message.B3. The method of any of Embodiments Bl to B2, wherein the configuration is utilized to steer the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on the mobility state of the UE.B4. The method of any of Embodiments B 1 to B3, wherein the UE performs the one or more UE-based mobility actions while the UE is in a power saving state.B5. The method of Embodiment B5, wherein the power saving state comprises an RRC IDLE state, a RRC INACTIVE state, or a lower power mode while in a RRC CONNECTED state.B6. The method of any of Embodiments Bl to B5, wherein the one or more UE-based mobility actions comprises one or more of: cell reselection action, reselection of a carrier frequency for camping, cell selection upon reception of a release with redirect, reselection of a carrier frequency for cell reselection measurements, one or more rules for determining to perform inter-frequency measurements for cell reselection (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ), and / or interfrequency measurements.B7. The method of any of Embodiments Bl to B6, wherein the configuration comprises a cell reselection priority value for a UE mobility state.B8. The method of any of Embodiments B 1 to B7 wherein a first cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a stationary state and a second cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a mobile state.B9. The method of Embodiment B8, wherein the cell reselection priority values correspondto one or more carrier frequencies.BIO. The method of any of Embodiments Bl to B9, wherein the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a frequency associated to the UE mobility state.Bl l . The method of Embodiment BIO, wherein the at least one indication of a frequency comprises an indication of a first carrier frequency when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second frequency when the UE is mobile.B12. The method of any of Embodiments B8 to Bl l, wherein the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a Radio Access Technology, RAT, or system associated to a UE mobility state.B13. The method of Embodiment B12, wherein the at least one indication comprises an indication of a first mobile system network type when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second mobile system network type when the UE is mobile.B14. The method of Embodiment B 13, wherein the first mobile system network type is a 6G network and the second system network type is a 5G network.B15. The method of any of Embodiments BIO to B14, wherein the UE selects a frequency and / or a RAT to perform cell selection based on the release with redirect information and the corresponding UE mobility state.B16. The method of any of Embodiments BIO to B15, wherein the configuration is included in an RRC Release message based on the UE transitioning to a RRC IDLE state or a RRC INACTIVE state.B17. The method of any of Embodiments Bl to Bl 6, wherein the configuration comprises a plurality of cell reselection priority values for a carrier frequency, wherein each cell reselection priority value is associated with a particular UE mobility state, and wherein theUE applies a corresponding cell reselection priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE.Bl 8. The method of Embodiment Bl 7, wherein the plurality of cell reselection priority values comprises a first priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a stationary state and a second priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a mobile state, and wherein the UE applies either the first or second priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE.B19. The method of any of Embodiments Bl to B18, wherein UE-based mobility comprises a cell reselection as defined in TS 38.304.B20. The method of any of Embodiments Bl to Bl 9, wherein UE-based mobility comprises when the UE is in a sleeping, idle, and / or inactive state that is optimized for power savings and allows for an efficient transition to a connected state optimized for data transmissions.B21. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host or a user equipment.Group C EmbodimentsCl. A user equipment for conducting UE-based mobility actions based on a mobility state, comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments; and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.C2. A network node for provisioning mobility actions on a user equipment, UE, that correspond to UE mobility states, the network node comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments; power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.C3. A user equipment (UE) for conducting UE-based mobility actions based on a mobility state, the UE comprising: an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry; the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments; an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry; an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.C4. A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a network node in a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B embodiments to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.C5. The host of the previous embodiment, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application that provides the user data; and the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to receive the transmission of user data from the host.C6. A method implemented in a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data for the UE; andinitiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node, wherein the network node performs any of the operations of any of the Group B embodiments to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.C7. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising, at the network node, transmitting the user data provided by the host for the UE.C8. The method of any of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein the user data is provided at the host by executing a host application that interacts with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.C9. A communication system configured to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the communication system comprising: a host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data for a user equipment (UE), the user data being associated with the over-the-top service; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data toward a cellular network node for transmission to the UE, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B embodiments to transmit the user data from the host to the UE.CIO. The communication system of the previous embodiment, further comprising: the network node; and / or the UE.Cl l. A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to initiate receipt of user data; and a network interface configured to receive the user data from a network node in a cellular network, the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B embodiments to receive the user data from a user equipment (UE) for the host.C12. The host of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application that receives the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.C13. The host of the any of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein the initiating receipt of the user data comprises requesting the user data.C14. A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host, initiating receipt of user data from the UE, the user data originating from a transmission which the network node has received from the UE, wherein the network node performs any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments to receive the user data from the UE for the host.Cl 5. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at the network node, transmitting the received user data to the host.Cl 6. A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group A embodiments to receive the user data from the host.Cl 7. The host of the previous embodiment, wherein the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit the user data to the UE from the host.C18. The host of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein:the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.Cl 9. A method implemented by a host operating in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data for the UE; and initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node, wherein the UE performs any of the operations of any of the Group A embodiments to receive the user data from the host.C20. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising: at the host, executing a host application associated with a client application executing on the UE to receive the user data from the host application.C21. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising: at the host, transmitting input data to the client application executing on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein the user data is provided by the client application in response to the input data from the host application.C22. A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and processing circuitry, the communication interface and processing circuitry of the UE being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments to transmit the user data to the host.C23. The host of the previous embodiment, wherein the cellular network further includes a network node configured to communicate with the UE to transmit the user data from the UE to the host.C24. The host of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.C25. A method implemented by a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host, receiving user data transmitted to the host via the network node by the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments to transmit the user data to the host.C26. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising: at the host, executing a host application associated with a client application executing on the UE to receive the user data from the UE.C27. The method of the previous 2 embodiments, further comprising: at the host, transmitting input data to the client application executing on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein the user data is provided by the client application in response to the input data from the host application.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method performed by a user equipment (1600), UE, for conducting UE-based mobility actions based on a mobility state, the method comprising: receiving (601), by the UE, a configuration indicating one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states from a network node (1700) operating in a mobile communications network; and performing (602), by the UE, the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE.

2. The method of Claim 1, wherein the configuration is utilized to steer the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on the mobility state of the UE.

3. The method of any of Claims 1 to 2, wherein the UE performs the one or more UE-based mobility actions while the UE is in a power saving state.

4. The method of Claim 3, wherein the power saving state comprises an RRC IDLE state, a RRC INACTIVE state, or a lower power mode while in a RRC CONNECTED state.

5. The method of any of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or more UE-based mobility actions comprises one or more of: cell reselection action, reselection of a carrier frequency for camping, cell selection upon reception of a release with redirect, reselection of a carrier frequency for cell reselection measurements, one or more rules for determining to perform inter-frequency measurements for cell reselection, and / or inter-frequency measurements.

6. The method of any of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the configuration comprises a cell reselection priority value for a UE mobility state.

7. The method of any of Claims 1 to 6 wherein a first cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a stationary state and a second cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a mobile state.

8. The method of Claim 7, wherein the first and second cell reselection priority values correspond to one or more carrier frequencies.

9. The method of any of Claims 7 to 8, wherein the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a frequency associated to the UE mobility state.

10. The method of Claim 9, wherein the at least one indication of a frequency comprises an indication of a first carrier frequency when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second frequency when the UE is mobile.

11. The method of any of Claims 7 to 10, wherein the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a Radio Access Technology, RAT, or system associated to a UE mobility state.

12. The method of Claim 11, wherein the at least one indication comprises an indication of a first mobile system network type when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second mobile system network type when the UE is mobile.

13. The method of Claim 12, wherein the first mobile system network type is a 6G network and the second mobile system network type is a 5G network.

14. The method of any of Claims 9 to 13, wherein the UE selects a frequency and / or a RAT to perform cell selection based on the release with redirect information and the corresponding UE mobility state.

15. The method of any of Claims 9 to 14, wherein the configuration is included in an RRC Release message based on the UE transitioning to a RRC IDLE state or a RRC INACTIVE state.

16. The method of any of Claims 1 to 15, wherein the configuration comprises a plurality of cell reselection priority values for a carrier frequency, wherein each cell reselection priority value is associated with a particular UE mobility state, and wherein the UE applies a corresponding cell reselection priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE.

17. The method of Claim 16, wherein the plurality of cell reselection priority values comprises a first priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a stationary state and a second priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a mobile state, and wherein the UE applies either the first or second priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE.

18. The method of any of Claims 1 to 17, wherein UE-based mobility comprises a cell reselection.

19. The method of any of Claims 1 to 18, wherein UE-based mobility comprises when the UE is in a sleeping, idle, and / or inactive state that is optimized for power savings and allows for an efficient transition to a connected state optimized for data transmissions.

20. The method of any of Claims 1 to 19, wherein the configuration is sent by the network node to the UE via a radio resource control, RRC, release message or a System Information message.

21. A user equipment (1600), UE, comprising: processing circuitry (1602); and at least one memory (1610) storing instructions executable by the processing circuitry to perform operations to: receive (601) a configuration indicating one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states from a network node operating in a mobile communications network; and perform (602) the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE.

22. The user equipment of claim 21, wherein the at least one memory stores further instructions executable by the processing circuitry to perform further operations comprising operations of any one of claims 2 to 20.

23. A method performed by a network node (1700) for provisioning mobility actions on a user equipment (1600), UE, that correspond to UE mobility states, the method comprising: generating (701), by the network node operating in a mobile communications network, a configuration that indicates one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one ormore UE mobility states; and sending (702), by the network node, the configuration to a user equipment, UE, for configuring the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE.

24. The method of Claim 23, wherein the network node is a gNodeB, eNodeB, or a 6G Radio Access Network, RAN, node.

25. The method of any of Claims 23 to 24, wherein the configuration is sent to the UE via a radio resource control, RRC, release message or a System Information message.

26. The method of any of Claims 23 to 25, wherein the configuration is utilized to steer the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on the mobility state of the UE.

27. The method of any of Claims 23 to 26, wherein the UE performs the one or more UE- based mobility actions while the UE is in a power saving state.

28. The method of Claim 27, wherein the power saving state comprises an RRC IDLE state, a RRC INACTIVE state, or a lower power mode while in a RRC CONNECTED state.

29. The method of any of Claims 23 to 28, wherein the one or more UE-based mobility actions comprises one or more of cell reselection action, reselection of a carrier frequency for camping, cell selection upon reception of a release with redirect, reselection of a carrier frequency for cell reselection measurements, one or more rules for determining to perform inter-frequency measurements for cell reselection, and / or inter-frequency measurements.

30. The method of any of Claims 23 to 29, wherein the configuration comprises a cell reselection priority value for a UE mobility state.

31. The method of any of Claims 23 to 30 wherein a first cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a stationary state and a second cell reselection priority value is used when the UE is in a mobile state.

32. The method of Claim 31, wherein the first and second cell reselection priority values correspond to one or more carrier frequencies.

33. The method of any of Claims 23 to 32, wherein the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a frequency associated to the UE mobility state.

34. The method of Claim 33, wherein the at least one indication of a frequency comprises an indication of a first carrier frequency when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second frequency when the UE is mobile.

35. The method of any of Claims 30 to 34, wherein the configuration comprises a release with redirect information for a UE mobility state, wherein the release with redirect information comprises at least one indication of a Radio Access Technology, RAT, or system associated to a UE mobility state.

36. The method of Claim 35, wherein the at least one indication comprises an indication of a first mobile system network type when the UE is stationary and an indication of a second mobile system network type when the UE is mobile.

37. The method of Claim 36, wherein the first mobile system network type is a 6G network and the second mobile system network type is a 5G network.

38. The method of any of Claims 33 to 37, wherein the UE selects a frequency and / or a RAT to perform cell selection based on the release with redirect information and the corresponding UE mobility state.

39. The method of any of Claims 33 to 38, wherein the configuration is included in an RRC Release message based on the UE transitioning to a RRC IDLE state or a RRC INACTIVE state.

40. The method of any of Claims 23 to 39, wherein the configuration comprises a plurality of cell reselection priority values for a carrier frequency, wherein each cell reselectionpriority value is associated with a particular UE mobility state, and wherein the UE applies a corresponding cell reselection priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE.

41. The method of Claim 40, wherein the plurality of cell reselection priority values comprises a first priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a stationary state and a second priority value that corresponds to the UE being in a mobile state, and wherein the UE applies either the first or second priority value based on the current mobility state of the UE.

42. The method of any of Claims 23 to 41, wherein UE-based mobility comprises a cell reselection.

43. The method of any of Claims 23 to 42, wherein UE-based mobility comprises when the UE is in a sleeping, idle, and / or inactive state that is optimized for power savings and allows for an efficient transition to a connected state optimized for data transmissions.

44. A network node (1700) comprising: processing circuitry (1702); and at least one memory (1704) storing instructions executable by the processing circuitry to perform operations to: generate (701) a configuration that indicates one or more UE-based mobility actions corresponding to one or more UE mobility states; and send (702) the configuration to a user equipment, UE, for configuring the UE to perform the one or more UE-based mobility actions based on a current mobility state of the UE.

45. The network node of claim 44, wherein the at least one memory stores further instructions executable by the processing circuitry to perform further operations comprising operations of any one of claims 24 to 43.

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