Recombinant polypeptides, pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/097689
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-06-19
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
Smart Images

Figure CN2024097689_26122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RECOMBINANT POLYPEPTIDES, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF
[0001] REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] This application contains a sequence listing which has been submitted electronically in ST. 26 (xml) format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ST. 26 copy, created on 16 June 2023, is named “C903.001. PROUS. xml” and is 25.6 kilobytes in size.FIELD OF INVENTION
[0003] This application relates to recombinant polypeptides, pharmaceutical compositions, kits, methods and uses for preventing or treating cancers, or useful for preventing or treating complication (s) of cancer treatments.BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0004] Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Although certain treatments are available, there are still many patients for whom current therapies or preventive measures are not effective. Furthermore, current treatments only manage a subset of the disease’s symptoms, cost a lot, and are not effective long-term. Accordingly, new drug candidates for preventing or treating cancers are highly desired.SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0005] Disclosed herein are novel recombinant polypeptides, compositions, kits, methods and uses thereof that are useful for the prevention or treatment of cancers, processes for preparing the recombinant polypeptides, compositions, methods of using the compositions, and intermediates used in preparing the recombinant polypeptides and compositions.
[0006] In some embodiments, provided is a recombinant polypeptide, comprising a first subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and a second subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) .
[0007] In certain embodiments, recombinant fusion protein vaccines comprising PD-L1 and PRAME with or without GM-CSF (PD-PR and PD-PR-GM) are expressed in an Escherichia coli based system as inclusion bodies. After purification, the fusion protein vaccines are formulated with a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and aluminum hydroxide as adjuvants for vaccination.
[0008] There are many advantages of the invention. In certain embodiments, the novel dual-antigen cancer vaccines co-targeting PD-L1 and PRAME have shown effects of suppressing tumor growth in both prophylactic and therapeutic syngeneic tumor mouse models. Both vaccine designs exert significant tumor growth inhibition effects prophylactically and therapeutically.
[0009] In some embodiments, to further investigate the tumor growth inhibition effects of the provided recombinant polypeptides and fusion protein vaccines, T-cell response and antibody response specific against different cancer antigens in the PD-PR vaccinated mice were examined by Elispot and ELISA, respectively. In some embodiments, the provided recombinant polypeptides and fusion protein vaccines can induce antigen specific immune responses against mouse PD-L1 and human PRAME, and the immune response can also cross react with human PD-L1.
[0010] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0011] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram and amino acid sequences of an example PD-PR fusion protein according to an example embodiment. Bold: PD-L1 sequence; Underlined: Linker sequence; Unbold: PRAME sequence; Underlined and italics: HisTag sequence.
[0012] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the expression plasmid map for the fusion protein vaccine PD-PR according to the example embodiment of Fig. 1.
[0013] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram and amino acid sequences of the PD-PR-GM fusion protein according to another example embodiment. Bold: PD-L1 sequence; Underlined: Linker sequence; Unbold: PRAME sequence; Italics: GM-CSF sequence; Underlined and italics: HisTag sequence.
[0014] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the expression plasmid map for the fusion protein vaccine PD-PR-GM according to the example embodiment of Fig. 3.
[0015] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the plasmid map for PRAME antigen expression in H-cells according to an example embodiment.
[0016] Fig. 6 is an example vaccination schedule of the Prophylactic tumor model study according to an example embodiment.
[0017] Fig. 7 is an example vaccination schedule of the Therapeutic tumor model study according to an example embodiment.
[0018] Figs. 8A and 8B are gel photos showing bacterial cell lysates for PD-PR (A) and PD-PR-GM (B) expression, respectively, before and after IPTG induction were analyzed by Coomassie Blue staining and western blotting (immunoblotting) with anti-His antibody according to an example embodiment. M: marker; NI: before IPTG induction; I: after IPTG induction.
[0019] Figs. 9A-9C are gel photos showing bacterial cell lysates and purified fusion protein vaccines were analyzed by western blotting with anti-PD-L1 antibody (A) , anti-PRAME antibody (B) , and anti-GM-CFS antibody (C) , respectively, according to an example embodiment. M: marker; Lane-1: BL21 (DE3) cell lysate; Lane-2: PD-PR expressing BL21 (DE3) cell lysate; Lane-3: PD-PR-GM expressing Rosetta (DE3) cell lysate; Lane-4: Purified BSA; Lane-5: Purified PD-PR; Lane-6: Purified PD-PR-GM.
[0020] Fig, 10 is a gel photo showing cell lysates prepared from pcDNA-PRAME transfected cells were subjected to western blotting analysis for PRAME expressing mouse HCC cells. Arrow indicates the electrophoretic positions of PRAME in the blots according to an example embodiment. Lane-1: Marker; Lane-2 H: The parental H-Cell lysate; Lane-3 to 10: Cell lysates from different pcDNA-PRAME transfected clones, Lane-11: Cell lysate from H-Clone-37.
[0021] Fig. 11 is a gel photo showing tumor cells and tumor tissue lysates were analyzed by western blotting for PRAME expressing mouse HCC tumor tissues. Arrow indicates the electrophoretic position of PRAME in the blots according to an example embodiment. M: marker; Lane 1: A549 cell lysates; Lane 2: HepG2 cell lysates; Lane 3: parental H-cell lysates; Lane 4: H-Clone-37 cell lysates; Lane 5: parental H-cell tumor tissue lysate; Lane 6:H-Clone-37 tumor tissue lysate.
[0022] Figs. 12A-12C are graphs showing change of body weight after vaccination with PD-PR (A) , PD-PR-GM (B) and PBS control (C) , respectively. Each line represents the data of an individual mouse, and the blue arrows indicted the time of vaccination of an example embodiment.
[0023] Figs. 13A-13D showed results of the experimental scheme of the prophylactic HCC tumor model study according to an example embodiment. Individual tumor growth of PBS control group (A) , PD-PR vaccinated group (B) and PD-PR-GM vaccinated group (C) and the means of tumor volumes (D) of the same were plotted.
[0024] Figs. 14A-14E showed results of the experimental scheme of the therapeutic tumor model study according to the example embodiment as shown in Fig. 7. Individual tumor growth data of PBS control group (A) ; PD-PR vaccinated group (B) ; and PD-PR-GM vaccinated group (C) ; and the means of tumor volumes (D) of the three groups were plotted. Survival curve after cancer cell implantation of each vaccinated group was shown in Fig. 14E. circle: PBS control group; square: PD-PR vaccinated group; triangle: PD-PR-GM vaccinated group.
[0025] Fig. 15 is an example vaccination and sample collection schedule of the immune response study according to another example embodiment.
[0026] Fig. 16 is a gel photo showing that cell lysates prepared from pcDNA-PRAME transfected cells were subjected to western blotting analysis for PRAME expressing mouse melanoma cells. Arrow indicates the electrophoretic positions of PRAME in the blots according to an example embodiment. Lane-1: Marker; Lane-2 B: The parental B16 / F10 lysate; Lane-3: Cell lysate from B16 / F10#18; Lane-4 to 7: Cell lysates from different pcDNA-PRAME transfected clones.
[0027] Fig. 17 is a gel photo showing that tumor cells and tumor tissue lysates were analyzed by western blotting for PRAME expressing mouse melanoma tissues. A dotted line box indicates the electrophoretic position of PRAME in the blots according to an example embodiment. M: marker; Lane 1: parental B16 / F10 cell lysates; Lane 2: B16 / F10#18 cell lysates; Lane 3-8: parental B16 / F10 tumor tissue lysate; Lane 9-14: B16 / F10#18 tumor tissue lysate.
[0028] Figs. 18A-18D showed results of the experimental scheme of the prophylactic melanoma tumor model study according to the example embodiment similar to Fig. 6. Individual tumor growth of adjuvant control group (A) ; PD-PR vaccinated group (B) ; and PD-PR-GM vaccinated group (C) ; and the means of tumor volumes (D) of the three groups were plotted.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] DEFINITIONS
[0030] As used herein and in the claims, the terms “comprising” (or any related form such as “comprise” and “comprises” ) , “including” (or any related forms such as “include” or “includes” ) , “containing” (or any related forms such as “contain” or “contains” ) , means including the following elements but not excluding others. It shall be understood that for every embodiment in which the term “comprising” (or any related form such as “comprise” and “comprises” ) , “including” (or any related forms such as “include” or “includes” ) , or “containing” (or any related forms such as “contain” or “contains” ) is used, this disclosure / application also includes alternate embodiments where the term “comprising” , “including, ” or “containing, ” is replaced with “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of” . These alternate embodiments that use “consisting of” or “consisting essentially of” are understood to be narrower embodiments of the “comprising” , “including, ” or “containing, ” embodiments.
[0031] For example, alternate embodiments of “acomposition comprising A, B, and C” would be “a composition consisting of A, B, and C” and “a composition consisting essentially of A, B, and C. ” Even if the latter two embodiments are not explicitly written out, this disclosure / application includes those embodiments. Furthermore, it shall be understood that the scopes of the three embodiments listed above are different.
[0032] For the sake of clarity, “comprising” , including, and “containing” , and any related forms are open-ended terms which allows for additional elements or features beyond the named essential elements, whereas “consisting of” is a closed end term that is limited to the elements recited in the claim and excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim.
[0033] For the sake of clarity, “characterized by” or “characterized in” (together with their related forms as described above) , does not limit or change the nature of whether the list of terms following it are open or closed. For example, in a claim directed towards “acomposition comprising A, B, C, and characterized in D, E, and F” , the elements D, E, and F are still open-ended terms and the claim is meant to include other elements due to the use of the word “comprising” earlier in the claim.
[0034] “Consisting essentially of” limits the scope of a claim to the specified materials, components, or steps ( “essential elements” ) that do not materially affect the essential characteristic (s) of the claimed invention. In some embodiments, the essential characteristics are the basic and novel characteristic (s) of the claimed invention. For example, in some embodiments, the essential elements of a composition of the disclosure can be one or more active ingredients, such as a recombinant polypeptide as described herein. Even if the composition includes additional excipients, as long as the additional excipients do not materially affect the essential characteristics of the compound, e.g., in the recombinant polypeptide’s ability to treat cancer, then such embodiment that “consists essentially of compound A” still includes compositions with the aforementioned additional excipients.
[0035] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Where a range is referred in the specification, the range is understood to include each discrete point within the range. For example, 1-7 means 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
[0036] As used herein, the term "about" is understood as within a range of normal tolerance in the art and not more than ±10%of a stated value. By way of example only, about 50 means from 45 to 55 including all values in between. As used herein, the phrase "about" a specific value also includes the specific value, for example, about 50 includes 50.
[0037] As used herein and in the claims, an "effective amount" , is an amount that is effective to achieve at least a measurable amount of a desired effect. For example, the amount may be effective to elicit an immune response, and / or it may be effective to elicit a protective response, against a pathogen bearing the polypeptide of interest. In some embodiments, the amount may be effective to elicit an immune response against cancer or tumor.
[0038] As used herein and in the claims, a “subject” refers to animals such as mammals, including, but not limited to, primates (e.g., humans) , cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice and the like. In some embodiments, the subject in need is human.
[0039] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” or “composition” refers to a formulation containing one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient (s) . In some examples, a pharmaceutical composition containing one or more polypeptides targeting PD-L1 and PRAME and optionally a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier. In some examples, the pharmaceutical composition is used as a medicament or vaccine that is capable of inducing an immune response in a subject in need. In some examples, the pharmaceutical composition is also referred to as “vaccine” , “peptide vaccine” or “peptide cancer vaccine” .
[0040] As used herein, the term "PD-L1” refers to a ligand of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1, which generally contains an extracellular domain (ECD) , a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular region cytoplasmic domain. In some examples, provided pharmaceutical compositions contain one or more peptides targeting one or more epitopes specific to one or more of these domains of PD-L1, or fragments thereof. PD-L1 protein can be derived from an animal, for example, human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel etc. In some examples, PD-L1 protein is mouse or human PD-L1, or functional fragments or functional homologues thereof. In some examples, the term "PD-1” refers to Programmed Cell Death Protein 1, a cell surface receptor on cells such as T cells and B cells that regulates the immune response by interacting with its ligands, including PD-L1.
[0041] As used herein and in the claims, the term “prevent” , “preventing” , “preventive” , “preventative” or “prevention” refers the methods of reducing the risk of the onset, relapse or spread of a disease or disorder or one or more of their symptoms.
[0042] As used herein, the term "treat, " "treating" or "treatment" refers to methods of alleviating, abating or ameliorating a disease or condition symptoms, preventing additional symptoms, ameliorating or preventing the underlying metabolic causes of symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition either prophylactically and / or therapeutically.
[0043] As used herein, the term "variant sequence” refers to a nucleic acid or polypeptide sequence that displays certain degree of identity to a reference or wild-type nucleic acid or polypeptide sequence, for example, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%or at least 99%. For example, a variant sequence has one or more additions, deletions, insertions, and / or substitutions or other modifications (e.g., codon code optimized) when compared to a reference or wild-type sequence. In some examples, variant sequence also includes sequence of a functional homologue.
[0044] As used herein, the term "functional homologue” refers to a polypeptide that exhibits certain sequence identity with a reference or wild-type sequence and possess certain aspect of the reference or wild-type polypeptide’s functionality. For example, a functional homologue of PD-L1 has the capability to exhibit similar immune response to cells expressing PD-L1 and / or prevent or treat PD-1 or PD-L1 associated diseases or conditions such as cancers.
[0045] As used herein, the term "PRAME” refers to preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma, which is an antigen encoded by the PRAME gene and is expressed by melanoma and that is recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes.
[0046] As used herein, the term "GM-CSF" refers to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, which is a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells or fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine.
[0047] As used herein, the term "polypeptide" , or “peptide” refers to a chain of two or more amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. In some examples, polypeptide refers to an amino acid chain having an amino acid sequence spanning amino-acid residues at certain specific region of PD-L1 protein or a functional homologue thereof, or a variant sequence having at least 75%or higher sequence identity. In some examples, having at least 75%sequence identity means that having at least around 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%sequence identity or even more (e.g., 100%) . In some examples, a polypeptide contains multiple peptides chemically linked together. In some examples, a polypeptide includes a synthetic long peptide (SLP) . In some examples, a polypeptide includes a fusion protein that is created by an expression of two or more genes that originally coded for separate peptides joining together. In some examples, a polypeptide is expressed as inclusion bodies.
[0048] As used herein, the term "recombinant polypeptide” refers to a peptide produced by recombinant techniques. In some embodiments, the recombinant peptide is heterologously expressed in a host organism.
[0049] As used herein, the term “fusion protein” refers to a protein that is created by an expression of two or more peptide genes that are originally encoded for separate peptides joining together.
[0050] As used herein, the term "nucleic acid system" , "nucleic acid construct" or "vector" may be used interchangeably herein and generally refers to a genetically engineered nucleic acid or a genetic circuit that includes one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding one or more polypeptides or fragments thereof, or complement thereof and optionally one or more promoters, enhancers, terminators, linkers, polyA tails, operative liners, multiple cloning sites, markers, and / or other regulatory elements. The nucleic acid sequences and the promoters may be placed in any order, and they may be located in the same molecule or in different molecules.
[0051] As used herein and in the claims, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “carrier” refers to a molecule or substance such as a protein used as a vehicle or medium to deliver a drug or active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition. In some examples, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is conjugated to one or more active ingredients such as polypeptides as described herein.
[0052] As used herein, the term "adjuvant” refers to a molecule or substance whose mixing with active ingredient upon administration to a subject in need to increase immune response thereof.
[0053] As used herein, the term "checkpoint inhibitor" refers to an agent or a compound that binds or targets an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule and blocks its activity.
[0054] As used herein, the term “cancer” refers to a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body, for example, but not limited to, skin, breast, prostate, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, stomach or bowel. In some examples, cancer may include non-metastatic or metastatic tumour, such as but not limited to, melanoma, lymphoma, leukaemia, fibrosarcoma, etc.
[0055] As used herein, the term "linker” refers to an amino acid sequence of two or more amino acids in length that can directly or indirectly operably connected components of a fusion protein. A linker can be, for example, 2 to 100 amino acids in length, such as between 2 and 50 amino acids in length, for example, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 amino acids in length. In some embodiments, the linker sequence is or contains three repeats of 4 glycine and 1 serine residues (GGGGS X 3) . Other suitable linker sequences may be used instead.
[0056] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is selected from the group consisting of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) , bovine serum albumin (BSA) , human serum albumin (HSA) , fetal bovine serum (FBS) , liposomes, cyclodextrins, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , nanoparticles, microspheres, hydrogels and combination thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is or comprises keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) .
[0057] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more excipients, adjuvants, other checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines or therapeutics and combination thereof.
[0058] In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitors target one or more checkpoint proteins selected from the group consisting of PDL1, PD1, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) , T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) , T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim3) , Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) , B7 Homolog 3 (B7-H3) , B7 Homolog 4 (B7-H4) and combination thereof. Checkpoint inhibitors targeting one or more other checkpoint proteins known in the art may also be added in the composition.
[0059] In some embodiments, the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of CpG ODN 1826 (CpG) , aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum) , aluminum phosphate, Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA) , Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) , NH2, MF59, MVF, Montanide ISATM, AS01, AS03, AS04, GM-CSF, cytokines, MPL, Matrix-M, pan DR epitope (PADRE) and combination thereof. In some embodiments, the adjuvants comprise or essentially consist of CpG ODN 1826 and Alum. In some embodiments, the adjuvants comprise or essentially consist of CFA and IFA. In some embodiments, the adjuvant is CpG ODN 1826 (CpG) and aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum) .
[0060] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a second active ingredient, such as immunostimulatory substance. For example, a second active ingredient includes a checkpoint inhibitor, other vaccine or therapeutic, an interleukin and / or a chemotherapeutic agent.
[0061] In some embodiments, provided is a nucleic acid system comprising a nucleic acid sequence of any one or more of the polypeptides described herein. In some embodiments, the polypeptides are heterologously expressed in a host organism, such as but not limited to bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli) , yeasts (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammalian cells (e.g., Chinese Hamster Ovary cells) . In some further embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence are cloned into one or more plasmid and transformed into a host organism such as E. coli; followed by expressing and purifying the peptides. In some further embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence is a sequence encoding a corresponding amino acid sequence, derivative sequence thereof, a partial sequence thereof, a degenerated sequence thereof a codon optimized sequence thereof, and / or a sequence which hybridizes thereto under stringent conditions.
[0062] In some embodiments, the PD-L1 protein is derived from an animal selected from a group consisting of human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel. In some embodiments, PD-L1 is derived from any animals or mammals in which the protein is expressed. In some embodiments, PD-L1 is derived from mouse or human.
[0063] In some embodiments, the first subunit has at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of NP_068693.1, or a functional homologue thereof. In some embodiments, the first subunit has at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of NP_001254635.1, NP_001300958.1, or NP_054862.1, or a functional homologue thereof.
[0064] In some embodiments, the first subunit contains all or a fragment of one or more domain sequences of PD-L1, wherein the domain is an extracellular domain (ECD) , a transmembrane domain, and / or an intracellular region cytoplasmic domain, and combination thereof.
[0065] In some embodiments, the PRAME is derived from an animal selected from a group consisting of human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel. In some embodiments, PRAME is derived from any animals or mammals in which the protein is expressed. In some embodiments, PRAME is derived from mouse or human.
[0066] In some embodiments, the second submit has at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of NP_001278644.1, or a functional homologue thereof. In some embodiments, the second submit has at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of NP_001278644.1, NP_001278645.1, NP_001278646.1, NP_001278648.1 or NP_001305055, or a functional homologue thereof.
[0067] In some embodiments, the GM-CSF is derived from an animal selected from a group consisting of human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel. In some embodiments, GM-CSF is derived from any animals or mammals in which the protein is expressed. In some embodiments, GM-CSF is derived from mouse or human.
[0068] In some embodiments, the third submit has at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99%sequence identity to all or a fragment of NP_034099.2, or a functional homologue thereof.
[0069] In some embodiments, the third submit has at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99%sequence identity to all or a fragment of NP_000749.2, or a functional homologue thereof.
[0070] In some embodiments, provided is a recombinant polypeptide, essentially encoded by any one of the recombinant nucleic acid systems as described herein.
[0071] In some embodiments, provided is a vaccine, comprising any one or more of the pharmaceutical compositions, the polypeptide expressed by the recombinant nucleic acid systems or the recombinant polypeptides as described herein.
[0072] In some embodiments, provided is a kit, comprising any one or more of the pharmaceutical compositions, the recombinant nucleic acid systems or the recombinant peptides as described herein.
[0073] In some embodiments, provided is a method of preventing or treating disease or condition associated with expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and / or PRAME in a subject in need thereof, comprising step of: administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition, a recombinant nucleic acid or a recombinant peptide as described herein.
[0074] In some embodiments, provided is a use of a recombinant polypeptide or a pharmaceutical composition as described herein for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a disease or condition associated with expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and / or PRAME in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is cancer.
[0075] In some embodiments, provided is a recombinant polypeptide or a pharmaceutical composition as described herein for use in preventing or treating a disease or condition associated with expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and / or PRAME in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is cancer.
[0076] In some embodiments, the administration is performed by subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, and combination thereof.
[0077] In some embodiments, the method further comprises one or more of a step of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment and / or stem cell transplantation.
[0078] In some embodiments, the disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) , systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , Type 1 diabetes (T1D) , systemic vasculitis, myositis, autoimmune diseases, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, autoimmune hepatitis, Behcet’s disease, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune uveitis, Sjogren’s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer and combination thereof.
[0079] In some embodiments, the cancer selected from the group consisting of liver cancer, skin cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, B-cell derived lymphoma, T-cell derived lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, monocytic leukemia, B-cell derived leukemia, T-cell derived leukemia, breast cancer, melanoma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cancer of esophagus, cancer of testes, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, and combination thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer is liver cancer and / or melanoma.
[0080] In some embodiments, the recombinant peptide as described herein has anti-tumor immune response and / or specificity to Major histocompatibility complex Class I (MHCI) or Major histocompatibility complex Class II (MHCII) domain.
[0081] NUMBERED EMBODIMENTS
[0082] Set 1
[0083] Embodiment 1. A recombinant polypeptide, comprising a first subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and a second subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) .
[0084] Embodiment 2. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 1, wherein the first subunit is positioned upstream of the second subunit.
[0085] Embodiment 3. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising a first linker, wherein the first linker is positioned between the first subunit and the second subunit.
[0086] Embodiment 4. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising a third subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of GM-CSF.
[0087] Embodiment 5. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising a second linker, wherein the second linker is positioned between the second subunit and the third subunit.
[0088] Embodiment 6. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 5, wherein the second subunit is positioned downstream of the first subunit and upstream of the third subunit.
[0089] Embodiment 7. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first subunit comprises all or a fragment of mouse PD-L1 polypeptide.
[0090] Embodiment 8. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 7, wherein the PD-L1 polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 5 or a fragment or variant thereof.
[0091] Embodiment 9. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the second subunit comprises all or a fragment of human PRAME polypeptide.
[0092] Embodiment 10. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 9, wherein the FRAME polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 6 or a fragment or variant thereof.
[0093] Embodiment 11. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the third subunit comprises all or a fragment of mouse GM-CSF polypeptide.
[0094] Embodiment 12. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 11, wherein the GM-CSF polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 7 or a fragment or variant thereof.
[0095] Embodiment 13. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first linker and / or the second linker comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 8 or a fragment or variant thereof.
[0096] Embodiment 14. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 1, wherein the polypeptide is expressed from a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. : 2 or SEQ ID NO. : 4.
[0097] Embodiment 15. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 14, wherein the polypeptide is expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies.
[0098] Embodiment 16. A recombinant polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 1 or to SEQ ID NO. : 3, or a fragment or variant thereof.
[0099] Embodiment 17. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent and / or adjuvant.
[0100] Embodiment 18. The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 17, wherein the adjuvant is Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, aluminum hydroxide, or a combination thereof.
[0101] Embodiment 19. A method of preventing or treating cancer, by administering to a subject in need thereof a recombinant polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-16 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 17 or claim 18.
[0102] Embodiment 20. Use of a recombinant polypeptide as claimed in any one of the embodiments 1-16 or a pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 17 or claim 18 for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating cancer.
[0103] Embodiment 21. A recombinant polypeptide as claimed in any one of embodiments 1-16 or a pharmaceutical composition as claimed in any one of claims 17-18 for use in preventing or treating cancer.
[0104] Set 2
[0105] Embodiment 1. A recombinant polypeptide, comprising: a first subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; and a second subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof.
[0106] Embodiment 2. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 1, wherein the first subunit is positioned upstream of the second subunit.
[0107] Embodiment 3. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising a first linker, wherein the first linker is positioned between the first subunit and the second subunit.
[0108] Embodiment 4. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising a third subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of GM-CSF or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof.
[0109] Embodiment 5. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 4, further comprising a second linker, wherein the second linker is positioned between the second subunit and the third subunit.
[0110] Embodiment 6. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 5, wherein the second subunit is positioned downstream of the first subunit and upstream of the third subunit.
[0111] Embodiment 7. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the PD-L1 is derived from an animal selected from a group consisting of human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel.
[0112] Embodiment 8. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first subunit comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 5 or a fragment or variant sequence thereof.
[0113] Embodiment 9. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the PRAME is derived from an animal selected from a group consisting of human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel.
[0114] Embodiment 10. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the second subunit comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 6 or a fragment or variant sequence thereof.
[0115] Embodiment 11. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the GM-CSF is derived from an animal selected from a group consisting of human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel.
[0116] Embodiment 12. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the embodiments 4-11, wherein the third subunit comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 7 or a fragment or variant sequence thereof.
[0117] Embodiment 13. The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first linker and / or the second linker comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 8 or a fragment or variant sequence thereof.
[0118] Embodiment 14. The recombinant polypeptide of embodiment 1, wherein the polypeptide is expressed from a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. : 2 or SEQ ID NO. : 4.
[0119] Embodiment 15. The recombinant polypeptide any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the polypeptide is expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies.
[0120] Embodiment 16. A recombinant polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 1 or to SEQ ID NO. : 3, or a fragment or variant thereof.
[0121] Embodiment 17. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding embodiments and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent and / or adjuvant.
[0122] Embodiment 18. The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 17, wherein the adjuvant is Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, aluminum hydroxide, or a combination thereof.
[0123] Embodiment 19. A recombinant nucleic acid system, comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding any one of the recombinant polypeptide as claimed in the preceding embodiments.
[0124] Embodiment 20. The system of embodiment 19, comprising a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. : 2 or SEQ ID NO. : 4.
[0125] Embodiment 21. A method of preventing or treating cancerT, by administering to a subject in need thereof a recombinant polypeptide of any one of embodiments 1-16, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 17-18, or a polypeptide expressed by the recombinant nucleic acid system of any one of claims 19-20.
[0126] Embodiment 22. The method of embodiment 21, wherein the cancer selected from the group consisting of liver cancer, skin cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, B-cell derived lymphoma, T-cell derived lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, monocytic leukemia, B-cell derived leukemia, T-cell derived leukemia, breast cancer, melanoma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cancer of esophagus, cancer of testes, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, and combination thereof.
[0127] Embodiment 23. Use of a recombinant polypeptide as claimed in any one of 1-16, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 17-18, or a polypeptide expressed by the recombinant nucleic acid system of any one of claims 19-20 for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating cancer.
[0128] Embodiment 24. A recombinant polypeptide as claimed in any one of 1-16, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 17-18, or a polypeptide expressed by the recombinant nucleic acid system of any one of claims 19-20 for use in preventing or treating cancer.
[0129] EXAMPLES
[0130] Provided herein are examples that describe in more detail certain embodiments of the present disclosure. The examples provided herein are merely for illustrative purposes and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention in any way. All references given below and elsewhere in the present application are hereby included by reference.
[0131] EXAMPLE 1
[0132] 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS
[0133] 1.1 Expression vector construction for the fusion protein vaccine designs
[0134] 1.1.1 Expression vector construction for PDL1-PRAME (PD-PR)
[0135] Mouse PD-L1 and human PRAME sequences were used in the fusion protein vaccine design. The selected mouse PD-L1 sequence is a partial sequence of NCBI Ref. sequence NP_068693.1 with 221 amino acid residues and is shown in SEQ ID NO. : 5, and the human PRAME sequence is a partial sequence of NP_001278644.1 with 509 amino acid residues and is shown in SEQ ID NO. : 6. A linker sequence with three repeats of 4 glycine and 1 serine residues (GGGGS X 3) (SEQ ID NO. : 8) was put between the PD-L1 and PRAME sequences. The structure diagram and amino acid sequence of the PD-PR fusion protein are shown in Fig. 1 SEQ ID NO. : 1, respectively.
[0136] The DNA sequence encoding the PD-PR fusion protein vaccine design was optimized for E. coli codon usage as shown in SEQ ID NO. : 2. Based on the optimized codons, DNA fragment for PD-PR was synthesized and cloned into pET-22b (+) expression vector with NdeI and XhoI sites to produce the pPD-PR expression plasmid (Fig. 2) . As a result, the PD-PR fusion protein contains an HisTag at the C-terminus for purification and was expressed under T7 promoter control. After cloning, the insert sequence was confirmed by sequencing.
[0137] 1.1.2 Expression vector construction for PDL1-PRAME-GMCSF (PD-PR-GM)
[0138] The mouse PD-L1, human PRAME and mouse GM-CSF sequences were used in the fusion protein vaccine design. The selected mouse PD-L1 sequence is a partial sequence of NP_068693.1 with 221 amino acid residues and shown in SEQ ID NO. : 5, the human PRAME sequence is a partial sequence of NP_001278644.1 with 509 amino acid residues and shown in SEQ ID NO. : 6, and the mouse GM-CSF sequence is a partial sequence of NP_034099.2 with 124 amino acid residues and shown in SEQ ID NO. : 7. The three protein fragments are joined together with the (GGGGS X3) linker and shown in SEQ ID NO. : 8. The structure diagram and amino acid sequence of the PD-PR-GM fusion protein vaccine design are shown in Fig. 3 and SEQ ID NO. : 3, respectively.
[0139] The DNA sequence encoding the PD-PR-GM fusion protein vaccine design was optimized for E. coli codon usage as shown in SEQ ID NO. : 4. Based on the optimized codons, DNA fragment of the fusion protein was synthesized and cloned into pET-22b (+) expression vector with NdeI and XhoI sites to produce the PD-PR-GM expression plasmid (Fig. 4) . As a result, the PD-PR-GM fusion protein contains an HisTag at the C-terminus for purification and was expressed under the control of the T7 promoter. After cloning, the insert sequence was confirmed by sequencing.
[0140] 1.2 Expression and purification of the fusion protein vaccine designs
[0141] 1.2.1 Expression and purification of PD-PR
[0142] Rosetta (DE3) was transformed with the expression plasmid pPD-PR, and the transformed cells were cultured with 0.1 mg / mL ampicillin at 37℃ (180 rpm) . When OD600nm of cell culture reached 0.3~0.6, the cell culture was mixed with glycerol and stored at -80℃ until used. To express the PD-PR fusion protein, 1 mL of the frozen glycerol cell culture was added into 0.5 L LB and cultured at 37℃ (150 rpm) until OD600nm reached 0.2~0.4. A 25-mL aliquot of the culture was then added into 0.5 L LB with 1%glucose in a 2-L flask and incubated at 37℃ with 0.1 mg / mL ampicillin. When OD600nm of cell culture reached ~0.4, 1 mM IPTG was added to induce protein expression, followed by incubation at 37℃ for 4 hours. After the incubation period, cells were harvested and disrupted by a French press at 25 Kpsi in HT homogenization buffer. The inclusion body pellet was then solubilized with extraction buffer (6 M GdnHCl and 20 mM β-ME in HT buffer) and clarified by centrifugation at 119, 000g for 40 min. The supernatant was loaded onto an IMAC column containing 10 mL Ni-NTA resin to purify the PD-PR fusion protein. After loading, the column was washed with the 6 M GdnHCl / HT buffer and the same buffer containing 20 mM imidazole, and then washed with 150-fold volume of 10 mM Na2HPO4 containing 0.1%Triton X-114 (pH 9.3) for endotoxin removal. Finally, the column was washed with 10 mM Na2HPO4 to remove the residual detergent, and the PD-PR fusion protein vaccine was eluted with 10 mM Na2HPO4 containing 300 mM imidazole.
[0143] 1.2.2 Expression and purification of PD-PR-GM
[0144] E. coli BL21 (DE3) was transformed with pPD-PR-GM, and the transformed cells were cultured with 0.1 mg / mL ampicillin at 37℃ (180 rpm) . When OD600nm of cell culture reached 0.3~0.6, the cell culture was mixed with glycerol and stored at -80℃ until used. To express the PD-PR-GM fusion protein vaccine, 1 mL of the frozen cell culture was added into 0.5 L LB and cultured at 37℃ (150 rpm) until the OD600nm reached 0.3~0.6. A 25-mL aliquot of the culture was added into 0.5 L LB with 1%glucose in a 2-L flask and incubated at 37℃ with 0.1 mg / mL ampicillin. When OD600nm of cell culture reached ~0.8, 1 mM IPTG was added to induce protein expression, followed by incubation at 37℃ for 4 hours. After the incubation period, the cultured cells were harvested and disrupted by a French press at 25 Kpsi in HT homogenization buffer. The inclusion bodies pellet was then solubilized with extraction buffer (6 M GdnHCl and 20 Mm β-ME in HT buffer) and was further clarified by centrifugation at 119, 000 g for 40 min. The supernatant was loaded onto an IMAC column containing 10 mL Ni-NTA resin to purify the fusion protein. The column was washed with the 6 M GdnHCl / HT buffer and the same buffer containing 20 mM imidazole, and then washed with 150-fold volume of 10 mM Na2HPO4 containing 0.1%Triton X-114 (pH 9.3) for endotoxin removal. Finally, the column was washed with 10 mM Na2HPO4 to remove the residual detergent. After washing, the fusion protein was eluted with 10 mM Na2HPO4 containing 300 mM imidazole.
[0145] 1.3 Identification of the fusion proteins
[0146] The purified fusion protein vaccines were analyzed by 8%SDS-PAGE, followed by staining with Coomassie Blue or examination by western blotting with anti-PDL1, anti-PRAME, anti-GM-CSF, and anti-His antibodies for different parts of the fusion protein vaccine designs. Appropriate species-specific horseradish peroxidase (HRP) -conjugated anti-IgGs were used as secondary antibodies for signal detection. The activity of HRP was developed with ClarityTM Western ECL Substrate. Purity of purified proteins were estimated by ImageJ software to quantify the intensity of Coomassie Blue staining.
[0147] 1.4 Establishment of a mouse tumor model expressing the PRAME antigen
[0148] 1.4.1 Cell culture and PRAME transfection
[0149] Transfection of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells to express PRAME
[0150] Mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line (H-cells) was derived from an oncogene-induced spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model by using hydrodynamic injection and a transposon system to introduce AKT and NRAS and open reading frames (ORFs) encoding surrogate tumor antigens and luciferase into chromosomes of hepatocytes as described in Front. Cell Dev. Biol. (2022) 10: 821224. H-cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% (v / v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, non-essential amino acids, sodium pyruvate (1 mM) , HEPES (10 mM) , and penicillin / streptomycin (50 units / mL) at 37℃ under 5%CO2. To express the human PRAME antigen in the H-cells, the human PRAME sequence (NP_001278644.1) was optimized for Mus musculus codon usage, synthesized, sequenced, and cloned into pcDNA 3.0 expression vector with HindIII and ApaI sites to produce the pcDNA-PRAME plasmid (Fig. 5) for PRAME antigen expression. H-cells were transfected with pcDNA-PRAME by PolyJetTM transfection reagent. In brief, transfection mix was prepared by mixing 3 μg of the plasmid DNA and 4 μL of the PolyJetTM reagent in 200ul serum-free DMEM and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature. The transfection mix was used to resuspend an H-cell pellet followed by 20-minute incubation at 37 ℃. The transfected cells were plated on a 24-well plate for a 12-hour recovery period. Complete culture medium with 0.5 μg / mL G418 was then added to the cells for selection. After G418 selection, the survival cells (382 clones) were subjected to western blotting analysis for expression of the PRAME antigen.
[0151] 1.4.2 Tumor model establishment and characterization
[0152] Establishment of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model expressing PRAME
[0153] A clone (H-Clone-37) expressing PRAME was selected from 1.4.1 and implanted into mouse for tumor development. Female C57BL / 6 mice, 5 ~ 12 weeks of age, were purchased from the National Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei, Taiwan. All animals were housed and bred at the Laboratory Animal Center of the National Health Research Institutes (NHRI) in Taiwan. All animal studies were approved and were performed in compliance with the guidelines of the Animal Committee of the NHRI. The H-Clone-37 cells were cultured with G418, harvested and washed with PBS. The mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 5×105 H-cells in 100μL of PBS plus 20 μL matrigel in the left flank. Expression of the PRAME antigen in the tumor tissue was detected by western blotting with an anti-PRAME antibody. Anti-GAPDH blotting was used as internal controls in all the western blotting analysis of this study.
[0154] 1.5 Prophylactic study of the fusion protein vaccine designs
[0155] In mouse HCC model
[0156] To test the anti-tumor vaccine efficacy of PD-PR and PD-PR-GM prophylactically in the mouse HCC model, female C57BL / 6 mice (n=10 per group) , aged 4-6 weeks were immunized with PD-PR and PD-PR-GM (30 μg / 0.2 mL / dose) formulated with 300 μg / dose Al (OH) 3 and 30 μg / dose CpG1018 (GeneDireX; a synthetic CpG-B class oligonucleotide having a phosphorothioate-backbone and the sequence 5’ -TGACTGTGAACGTTCGAGATGA-3’ (SEQ ID NO. : 8) ) by subcutaneous injection in the back. Mice injected with PBS alone served as controls. All animals were immunized on day- (-21) and day- (-7) before cancer cell implantation. H-Clone-37 cells (1×105) in 100 μL of PBS plus 20 μL matrigel were subcutaneously inoculated in the left inguinal region of the animals on day- (0) . Body weight and tumor size was measured three times a week with a caliper, and the tumor volume was estimated by the formula V =length×width×width / 2. Statistical significance of the difference in tumor volume was determined using Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test. Booster vaccine doses were administered on day- (+1) and day- (+8) as shown in Fig. 6.
[0157] 1.6 Therapeutic tumor model study of the fusion protein vaccine designs
[0158] To test the anti-tumor vaccine efficacy of PD-PR and PD-PR-GM therapeutically, 1×105 H-Clone-37 cells in 100 μL of PBS plus 20 μL matrigel were implanted in the left inguinal region on day- (0) . Mice (n=10 per group) were immunized on day- (+1) , day- (+8) , day- (+15) , day- (+22) and day- (+29) with PD-PR (30 μg / 0.2 mL / dose) and PD-PR-GM (30 μg / 0.2 mL / dose) formulated with 300 μg / dose Al (OH) 3 and 30 μg / dose CpG1018 (GeneDireX; a synthetic CpG-B class oligonucleotide having a phosphorothioate-backbone and the sequence 5’ -TGACTGTGAACGTTCGAGATGA-3’ (SEQ ID NO. : 8) ) by subcutaneous injection in the back (Fig. 7 ) . Mice injected with PBS alone served as controls. Body weight and tumor size were measured three times a week, and the tumor volume was estimated by the formula V = length×width×width / 2. Statistical significance of the difference in tumor volume was determined using Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test, and the difference in survival was determined using the Log-rank test.
[0159] 2-RESULTS
[0160] 2.1 Expression and purification of the fusion protein vaccine designs
[0161] Expression of PD-PR and PD-PR-GM in E. coli were examined by 8%reducing SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie Blue staining and western blotting with anti-HisTag antibody. Upon IPTG induction, the fusion protein vaccines of correct molecular size were expressed at significant level (Figs. 8A and 8B )
[0162] Identity of the purified fusion protein vaccines were analyzed as described in the Materials and Methods section. The yields of PD-PR and PD-PR-GM were 3mg / L of LB and 2mg / L of LB, respectively. The purity of purified fusion proteins after purification was above 90%. Western blotting analysis with anti-PD-L1 and anti-PRAME antibodies indicated that both fusion protein vaccines contain PD-L1 and PRAME as designed. Further analysis with anti-GM-CFS antibody confirmed that the PD-PR-GM fusion protein vaccine contains GM-CFS (Figs. 9A-9C) .
[0163] 2.2 Establishment of a mouse HCC model expressing the PRAME antigen.
[0164] H-cells were transfected with the pcDNA-PRAME plasmid and the clones survived after G418 selection were subjected to further analysis for PRAME expression. Of more than 100 clones tested, H-Clone-37 showed positive expression of the PRAME antigen (Fig. 10) and the expression level is comparable to the A549 human tumor cells (Fig. 11) . The H-Clone-37 was selected and implanted subcutaneously into C57BL / 6 mice for solid tumor development. The tumor tissue derived from the H-Clone-37 cells also expressed the PRAME antigen (Fig. 11) . The results indicated that development of the H-Clone-37 tumor in C57BL / 6 mice can be used as a syngeneic mice tumor model to study the cancer vaccine efficacy of PD-PR and PD-PR-GM in vivo.
[0165] 2.3 Transient and recoverable change of body weight after vaccination
[0166] Animals vaccinated with PD-PR and PD-PR-GM experienced a transient body weight loss of less than 5%after each dose, which recovered to pre-vaccination levels in approximately 3-5 days (Figs. 12A-12C) . In addition, there was no abnormal behavior or reduction of activity after vaccination for all mice. These results indicated that there is no obvious acute toxicity caused by the fusion protein vaccine designs.
[0167] 2.4 PD-PR and PD-PR-GM significantly inhibit tumor growth prophylactically
[0168] In the prophylactic HCC tumor model study, the fusion protein vaccines were administered before cancer cell implantation, and the mice immunized with PD-PR and PD-PR-GM formulated with Al (OH) 3-CpG showed reduced tumor volumes when compared to those immunized with PBS alone. On day 19, tumor volume in the control group reached 1281.8mm3, when compared to the PD-PR group (302.8 mm3, 76.4%tumor growth inhibition, p<0.01) and the PD-PR-GM group (518.9 mm3, 59.5%tumor growth inhibition, p<0.05) . These findings suggest that immunization with the PD-PR and PD-PR-GM fusion protein vaccine designs exert anti-tumor activity prophylactically (Figs. 13A-13D) .
[0169] 2.4 PD-PR and PD-PR-GM significantly inhibit tumor growth therapeutically
[0170] In the therapeutic tumor model study, vaccination with the fusion protein cancer vaccine was initiated after cancer cells implantation. Tumor growth was monitored three times a week, and the mice immunized with PD-PR and PD-PR-GM formulated with Al(OH) 3-CpG showed decreased tumor volumes when compared to those immunized with PBS alone. On day 23, tumor volume in the control group reached 2250.5mm3. Vaccination with PD-PR inhibited tumor growth by 43.4%, p<0.01 (1273.4 mm3 Vs 2250.5 mm3 of the control group) , and the PD-PR-GM inhibited tumor growth by 40.7%. p<0.05 (1333.6 mm3 Vs 2250.5 mm3 59.5%of the control group) . Vaccination with both fusion protein vaccine designs also significantly prolong animal survival after cancer cell implantation (p<0.01) . These findings indicated that immunization with the PD-PR and PD-PR-GM fusion protein vaccine designs exert anti-tumor activity therapeutically (Figs. 14A-14E) .
[0171] 3-SUMMARY
[0172] The experiment results shown in the present invention demonstrated that co-targeting of the tumor antigens PD-L1 and PRAME with the fusion protein vaccine designs exert tumor growth inhibition effect prophylactically and therapeutically.
[0173] EXAMPLE 2
[0174] 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
[0175] 4.1 Establishment of a mouse tumor model expressing the PRAME antigen
[0176] In this example, another mouse tumor model (melanoma) expressing FRAME was established, using similar approach to the mouse tumor model (HCC) as described in 1.4 of EXAMPLE 1, but melanoma cell line B16F10 was used instead.
[0177] 4.1.1 Cell culture and PRAME transfection
[0178] Transfection of mouse melanoma cells to express PRAME
[0179] B16F10 is a murine melanoma cell line used for cancer research such as to evaluate anti-cancer drugs, immunotherapies, and other treatment strategies. It was originally derived from a melanoma tumor in a C57BL / 6 mouse. The cells exhibit a spindle-shaped and epithelial-like morphology and have been extensively characterized for their tumorigenic and metastatic properties. To express PRAME in mouse melanoma cells, B16F10 were transfected with the pcDNA-PRAME plasmid (as shown in EXAMPLE 1; Fig. 5) by PolyJetTM transfection reagent for the H-cells. After G418 selection, the surviving cell clones were subjected to western blotting analysis for PRAME antigen expression.
[0180] 4.1.2 Tumor model establishment and characterization
[0181] Establishment of mouse melanoma model expressing PRAME
[0182] A clone (B16F10#18) expressing PRAME was selected from 4.1.1 and implanted into mouse for tumor development. The mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 3×104 cells in 100 μL of PBS in the left inguinal region. Expression of the PRAME antigen in the tumor tissue was detected by western blotting as for the melanoma model.
[0183] 4.2 Prophylactic study of the fusion protein vaccine designs
[0184] In mouse melanoma model
[0185] To test the anti-tumor vaccine efficacy of PD-PR and PD-PR-GM prophylactically in the mouse melanoma model, female C57BL / 6 mice (n=10 per group) , aged 4-6 weeks were immunized with PD-PR and PD-PR-GM (30 μg / 0.2 mL / dose) formulated with 300 μg / dose Al (OH) 3 and 30 μg / dose CpG1018 (asynthetic CpG-B class oligonucleotide having a phosphorothioate-backbone and the sequence 5’ -TGACTGTGAACGTTCGAGATGA-3’ (SEQ ID NO. : 8) by subcutaneous injection in the back. Mice injected with the Al (OH) 3 -CpG adjuvants alone served as controls. All animals were immunized on day- (-21) and day- (-7) before cancer cell implantation. B16F10#18 cells (3×104) in 100 μL of PBS plus 20 μL matrigel were subcutaneously inoculated in the left inguinal region of the animals on day- (0) . Body weight and tumor size was similarly measured, and booster vaccine doses were similarly administered on day- (+1) and day-(+8) , similar to the vaccination schedule as shown in Fig. 6 for the mouse HCC model, but mouse melanoma model and clone B16F10#18 were used.
[0186] 4.3 Therapeutic tumor model study of the fusion protein vaccine designs
[0187] To test the anti-tumor vaccine efficacy of PD-PR and PD-PR-GM therapeutically in mouse melanoma model, mouse melanoma cells expressing human PRAME were implanted subcutaneously in mice. . After melanoma cells implantation, mice were immunized on day- (+1) , day- (+8) , day- (+15) , day- (+22) and day- (+29) with PD-PR (30 μg / 0.2 mL / dose) and PD-PR-GM (30 μg / 0.2 mL / dose) formulated with 300 μg / dose Al (OH) 3 and 30 μg / dose CpG1018 (GeneDireX; a synthetic CpG-B class oligonucleotide having a phosphorothioate-backbone and the sequence 5’ -TGACTGTGAACGTTCGAGATGA-3’ (SEQ ID NO. : 8) ) by subcutaneous injection in the back. Mice injected with PBS or the adjuvants alone served as controls. Body weight and tumor size were measured three times a week, and the tumor volume was estimated by the formula V = length×width×width / 2. Statistical significance of the difference in tumor volume was determined using Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test, and the difference in survival was determined using the Log-rank test In some examples, the fusion protein design can inhibit PRAME positive melanoma tumor growth in mice therapeutically.
[0188] 5-RESULTS
[0189] 5.1 Establishment of mouse melanoma model expressing the PRAME antigen
[0190] B16F10 cells were transfected with the pcDNA-PRAME plasmid and the clones survived after G418 selection were subjected to further analysis for PRAME expression. Of more than 100 clones tested, B16F10#18 showed positive expression of the PRAME antigen (Fig. 16) and the expression level is comparable to the A549 human tumor cells (Fig. 17) . The B16F10#18 was selected and implanted subcutaneously into C57BL / 6 mice for solid tumor development. The tumor tissue derived from B16F10#18 also expressed the PRAME antigen (Fig. 17) . The results indicated that development of the B16F10#18 melanoma in C57BL / 6 mice can be used as a syngeneic mice tumor model to study the cancer vaccine efficacy of PD-PR and PD-PR-GM in vivo.
[0191] 5.2 PD-PR and PD-PR-GM significantly inhibit tumor growth prophylactically
[0192] In the prophylactic study of the B16F10#18 melanoma model with higher level of PRAME expression, vaccination with PD-PR and PD-PR-GM formulated with 300μg / dose Al (OH) 3 and 30μg / dose CpG1018 showed more obvious tumor growth inhibition effect when compared to that in the HCC model. On day 16, tumor volume in the control group treated with the Al (OH) 3-CpG adjuvants without any vaccine protein reached 1130mm3, when compared to the PD-PR group (96 mm3, 91.5%tumor growth inhibition, p<0.01) and the PD-PR-GM group (59 mm3, 94.7%tumor growth inhibition, p<0.001) . These findings suggest that immunization with the PD-PR and PD-PR-GM fusion protein vaccine designs exert surprising anti-tumor activity prophylactically and the effect can be related to the expression level of PRAME in tumor (Figs. 18A-18D) .
[0193] In some implementations, the tumor growth inhibition effect generated by PD-PR fusion protein administration is better than that generated by recombinant PD-L1 protein administration or recombinant PRAME protein administration, whether alone or in combination.
[0194] In some examples, PD-PR and PD-PR-GM significantly inhibit tumor growth therapeutically.
[0195] EXAMPLE 3
[0196] 7.1 Antigen specific immune response induced by the PD-PR fusion protein vaccine
[0197] 7.1.1 Immunization of mice with the PD-PR fusion protein vaccine
[0198] To test the antigen specific immune response induced by the PD-PR fusion protein vaccine, mice (n=4 per group) were immunized subcutaneously on day- (0) , day-(+14) , and day- (+28) with PD-PR (30 μg) , PD-PR (30 μg) formulated with 300 μg / dose Al (OH) 3 and 30 μg / dose CpG1018, and PD-PR (60 μg) formulated with 300 μg / dose Al (OH) 3 and 30 μg / dose CpG1018. (Fig. 15) . Mice injected with PBS alone served as controls. Serum samples were collected on day- (-1) , day- (+7) , day- (+21) and day- (+35) for antigen specific antibody response study. Splenocytes were collected on day- (+35) for antigen specific T-cell response study.
[0199] 7.1.2 Antigen specific antibody response ELISA assay
[0200] Diluted serum samples collected from 2.7.1 were added to ELISA wells pre-coated with recombinant mouse PD-L1 ECD protein, recombinant human PD-L1 ECD protein, and recombinant human PRAME protein to study the antigen specific antibody response against these three antigens before and after vaccination with the PD-PR fusion protein.
[0201] 7.1.3 Antigen specific T-cell response Elispot assay
[0202] Splenocytes collected from 3.7.1 were added to Elispot wells pre-coated with anti-mouse IFN-γ capture antibody. Overlapping peptide pools for mouse PD-L1, human PD-L1 and human PRAME were added to the Elispot wells for 24-48 hour incubation with the splenocytes for antigen specific T-cells activation. IFN-γ secreted by the activated T-cells were captured and detected by anti-mouse IFN-γ detection antibodies to quantify the activated antigen specific T-cell responses.
[0203] 7.2 Antigen specific immune response generated by PD-PR fusion protein vaccination
[0204] The PD-PR fusion protein was administered into mice as shown in Fig. 15, and the samples were collected for antigen specific immune response study.
[0205] In some examples, the serum collected from mice vaccinated with the PD-PR fusion protein has antigen specific antibody responses against mouse PD-L1, human PD-L1 and human PRAME compared with the serum collected before vaccination, and the level of antibody response increases with vaccination times. In some examples, the antibody response generated in mice vaccinated with PD-PR fusion protein formulated with the adjuvants is stronger than that in mice vaccinated with the adjuvant-free PD-PR fusion protein. In some examples, the splenocytes collected after PD-PR vaccination shows positive IFN-γ response upon stimulation with mouse PD-L1 peptides, human PD-L1 peptides, or human PRAME peptides in the Elispot assay, compared to the splenocytes collected from PBS treated mice. In some examples, the antigen specific T-cell response against mouse PD-L1, human PD-L1 and human PRAME is stronger in the mice vaccinated with PD-PR fusion protein formulated with the adjuvants compared to that in mice vaccinated with the adjuvant-free PD-PR fusion protein.
[0206] 8 SUMMARY
[0207] The experiment results shown in the example embodiments demonstrated that co-targeting of the tumor antigens PD-L1 and PRAME with the fusion protein vaccine designs described herein show unexpected synergistic effects in inducing antigen specific immune response and exert tumor growth inhibition effect prophylactically and therapeutically, and the tumor growth inhibition effect increase with the protein level of PRAME in tumor.
[0208] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are thus fully described. Although the description referred to particular embodiments, it will be clear to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced with variation of these specific details. Hence this invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
[0209] For example, in some embodiments, PD-L1 sequence is located upstream of the PRAME sequence and linked by a linker sequence GGGGS X 3 in PD-PR fusion protein, but other sequence arrangements may be used. In one implementation, the PRAME sequence is located upstream of the PD-L1 sequence.
[0210] For example, in some embodiments, PRAME sequence is located downstream of the PD-L1 sequence and upstream of the GM-CSF sequence, linked by linker sequences GGGGS X 3 in PD-PR-GM fusion protein, but other sequence arrangements may be used, for example, GM-CSF is positioned between PD-L1 and PRAME. In one implementation, the PRAME sequence is located upstream of the PD-L1 sequence. Same or different first and second linkers may be used instead of the linker sequence GGGGS X 3.
[0211] For example, in some embodiments, fusion protein of PD-PR or PD-PR-GM is provided, but in other examples, the PD-L1, PRAME and / or GM-SF can be prepared separately, and provided in combination as a mixture instead of a fusion protein. In other words, in some examples, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a mixture of polypeptides comprising all or a fragment of the amino acid sequences of PD-L1, PRAME and / or GM-SF.
[0212] For example, in some embodiments, the fusion proteins or polypeptides contain a HisTag at the C-terminus for purification, and are expressed by E. coli using pET-22b (+) expression vector, but other tag sequences (such as glutathione S-transferase and FLAG tag (DYKDDDDK) ) , other host organisms (such as yeast cells, insect cells and mammalian cells) and other expression vectors or systems (such as Expi293 expression system) may be used.
Claims
1.A recombinant polypeptide, comprising:a first subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; anda second subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof.2.The recombinant polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the first subunit is positioned upstream of the second subunit.3.The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a first linker, wherein the first linker is positioned between the first subunit and the second subunit.4.The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a third subunit comprising all or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of GM-CSF or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof.5.The recombinant polypeptide of claim 4, further comprising a second linker, wherein the second linker is positioned between the second subunit and the third subunit.6.The recombinant polypeptide of claim 5, wherein the second subunit is positioned downstream of the first subunit and upstream of the third subunit.7.The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PD-L1 is derived from an animal selected from a group consisting of human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel.8.The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first subunit comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 5 or a fragment or variant sequence thereof.9.The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the PRAME is derived from an animal selected from a group consisting of human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel.10.The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second subunit comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 6 or a fragment or variant sequence thereof.11.The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the GM-CSF is derived from an animal selected from a group consisting of human, mouse, rat, hamster, insect, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, and camel.12.The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the claims 4-11, wherein the third subunit comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 7 or a fragment or variant sequence thereof.13.The recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first linker and / or the second linker comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 8 or a fragment or variant sequence thereof.14.The recombinant polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide is expressed from a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. : 2 or SEQ ID NO. : 4.15.The recombinant polypeptide any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polypeptide is expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies.16.A recombinant polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. : 1 or to SEQ ID NO.: 3, or a fragment or variant thereof.17.A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the recombinant polypeptide of any one of the preceding claims and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent and / or adjuvant.18.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the adjuvant is Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, aluminum hydroxide, or a combination thereof.19.A recombinant nucleic acid system, comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding any one of the recombinant polypeptide as claimed in the preceding claims.20.The system of claim 19, comprising a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. : 2 or SEQ ID NO. : 4.21.A method of preventing or treating cancer, by administering to a subject in need thereof a recombinant polypeptide of any one of claims 1-16, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 17-18, or a polypeptide expressed by the recombinant nucleic acid system of any one of claims 19-20.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the cancer selected from the group consisting of liver cancer, skin cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, B-cell derived lymphoma, T-cell derived lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, monocytic leukemia, B-cell derived leukemia, T-cell derived leukemia, breast cancer, melanoma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cancer of esophagus, cancer of testes, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, and combination thereof.23.Use of a recombinant polypeptide as claimed in any one of 1-16, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 17-18, or a polypeptide expressed by the recombinant nucleic acid system of any one of claims 19-20 for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating cancer.24.A recombinant polypeptide as claimed in any one of 1-16, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 17-18, or a polypeptide expressed by the recombinant nucleic acid system of any one of claims 19-20 for use in preventing or treating cancer.