Industrial production of ammonia from urea of animal sources by enzymatic urease method

Abstract

This invention relates to a system of generation of ammonia from urea. Urea reacts to urease to generate ammonia. The ammonia generated could be cooled to liquified and collected in containers. The reaction chamber is heated about 60 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius. The urine and urease extracted from legumes like soyabean are added and stirred for well mixing. The ammonia generated would pass through the filter system for air. Then it would dehumidify to dry. The ammonia is either liquified or directly passed to the next chamber as gaseous form for production of urea.

Description

[0001] INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA FROM UREA OF ANIMAL SOURCES BY ENZYMATIC UREASE METHOD

[0002] Field of the Invention

[0003] The invention relates to a system where ammonia will be produced from body fluid mainly from urine or external exchange fluid like dialysis fluid of different sources from human, cattle etc. Virtually all the body fluid especially urine or external fluids containing urea could be used. The system is meant for commercial preparation of ammonia from urea of animal sources. Here it should be made clear that even the urea in the dialysis fluid comes from the animal sources. Hence urea from dialysis fluid or other fluids should be taken as animal sources. The process of industrial preparation of ammonia from animal sources especially from urine is meant for commercial supply of ammonia for industrial production of different objects of different physical state in the form of solid, liquid, gas.

[0004] Background of the invention

[0005] Presently urea is produced through Haber’s system. But the raw materials for urea are not only imported from other countries but also are costly. It is causing financial burden on a speedy developing nation. The normal urea value of human urine is

[0006] 12-20 gram in 24 hours urine and cattle like cows it is also 20-30g in 24 hours. So, if ammonia can be regenerated from urine, then it can be recirculated for recreation of urea as well as can be used for green energy. The whole concept of field of innovation stands on that.

[0007] Summary of the invention

[0008] This invention relates to a system for reincarnation of ammonia from urea from biological fluid mainly from urine. The urea is split into ammonia by enzyme urease. The urease is abundant in legume like seeds and most notably soyabean seeds. In soyabean industry the seeds go through process where it is soaked in hot water that those seeds could be sent for further treatment to make soyabean nuggets. This fluid contains urease. In addition to that the seeds in dry condition could be made dust, soaked or directly could be added in the urine. Otherwise, the seeds could be soaked for few hours. Those soaked seeds would be crushed and added separately or with the soaked water proportionately. The amount of urease could be estimated before adding that loss of seeds could be minimized. Once urease split the urea and generate ammonia this will go up as it is lighter than air. This can be cooled at normal atmospheric pressure or by increase barometric pressure or applying both pressure and cooling, the ammonia could be liquified and separate out through a dispensing system. Microbial source of urease also can be used but it comes with chance of spread of infection. Detailed description of the invention with accompanying drawings

[0009] For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the invention, it is illustrated in the accompanying drawings a preferred embodiment thereof, from an inspection of which, when considered in connection with the following description, the invention, its construction and operation, and many of its advantages should be readily understood and appreciated. The drawings are in two sheets.

[0010] The purpose of this invention is that to produce sustainable source of ammonia that urea and clean energy could be generated.

[0011] The principal object of the invention is to reincarnate the ammonia which actually converted into urea through ornithine cycle into liver of animals. The daily normal excretion of urea for human about 12-20 g / 24 hours and cattle like cows, buffalo also excrete about 20-30g / day. The excretion of urea of cattle source is also considerable and ample opportunity is there for viability for generation of ammonia from cattle urine or other body fluids.

[0012] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has a metallic or glass or partly metallic and partly glass container will act as a reaction chamber (1).

[0013] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has an inlet for body fluid (2). Urine and urease could be mixed outside also and could be sent into the reaction chamber. The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has an inlet for urease containing fluid most notably from soyabean or dust or paste of legumes (3).

[0014] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has an air inlet system (4).

[0015] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has an outlet system (5) for ammonium produced.

[0016] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has a discharge outlet (6) for the waste after the reaction.

[0017] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has a heating system (7) for the container or the mixture as the reaction between enzyme and substrate takes place at optimum temperature.

[0018] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which the body fluid and urease would be mixed in batches in reaction chamber. The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which may have multiple reaction chamber for speedy production of ammonia.

[0019] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has cooling system (14) attached to outlet system directly or through a pump or gas compressor.

[0020] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has a recirculating pipe (13) attached between reaction chamber (1) and ammonia storage tank (11) that remaining gas mixture after liquefaction of ammonia to be purged into the reaction chamber that to reenter into the circulation.

[0021] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has a drain pipe with pressure control valve and pump (12) for collection of the liquified ammonia from storage tank.

[0022] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has an air drier either refrigerant or desiccant type (9) to dry the outflow gas. The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has a one-way valve at multiple places like at the air inlet pipe (4), urea inlet pipe (2), urease inlet pipe (3), waste outlet pipe (6) and other places of the system as necessary like between air filters and drier system, drier system and compressor / pump and after compressor / pump.

[0023] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has multiple pressure instruments are fitted at reaction chamber (1), storage tank (11) and in the transport line like before and after the compressor / air pump. If necessary, added pressure instrument could be attached in the system.

[0024] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has one or multiple air filters (8) attached with outlet pipe for filter of dust particle from air and the particle would originate from the reaction mixture.

[0025] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has dehumidifier like refrigerant or desiccant type would be used.

[0026] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has an air pressure pump / compressor to pump (10) the gas towards cooling system. The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has a compressor to compress the gas for liquification of ammonia if only compression is used for liquefaction.

[0027] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine which has an ammonia storage tank (11).

[0028] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine where the newly produced ammonia in gaseous state could be directly passed to the production chamber of urea where newly formed ammonia would be mixed with carbon-di-oxide for production of urea or in storage tank in gaseous or liquid form.

[0029] The other embodiment of the invention is to provide a system for generation of ammonia from body fluid especially urine where newly formed ammonia could be directly used for energy source.

[0030] The novel features that are considered characteristic of the present invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description of certain specific embodiments, when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates the system for the production of ammonia from body fluid especially from urine having a reaction chamber (1) that has four connection one each for urine (2), urease containing materials (3), air inflow pipe (4) and an outlet pipe (5). A safety valve is added to reaction chamber for safety. A drain system with control valve (6) at the bottom or side wall of the bottom to drain the left-over mixture of body fluid and enzyme after reaction. A heating system (7) is added to maintain optimum temperature for reaction. The outlet pipe is attached with air filters (8), air / gas drier system (9). The gas is pumped into the cooling system (14) through a pump or with a gas compressor (10). A cooling system (14) to cool the gas for liquification. A connecting pipe (13) between storage tank (11) and reaction chamber (1). A drain pipe with pump (12) and pressure control valve to drain out liquid ammonia. Multiple instruments for temperature control, one way valve, pressure instrument, pressure safety valve, pressure control valve and level instrument are placed according to necessity at different part of the system. The air / gas pump or compressor would be used according to the system. An air pump could be used at the inlet of air (4) also.

[0031] FIG. 2 illustrates the system for the production of ammonia from body fluid especially from urine having a reaction chamber (1) that has four connection one each for urine (2), urease containing materials (3), air inflow pipe (4) and an outlet pipe (5). A safety valve is added to reaction chamber for safety. A drain system with control valve (6) at the bottom or side wall of the bottom to drain the left-over mixture of body fluid and enzyme after reaction. A heating system (7) is added to maintain optimum temperature for reaction. The outlet pipe is attached with air filters (8), air / gas drier system (9). A compressor system (10) is used for liquification of the ammonia. A connecting pipe (13) between storage tank (11) and reaction chamber (1). A drain pipe with pump (12) and pressure control valve to drain out liquid ammonia. Multiple instruments for temperature control, one way valve, pressure instrument, pressure safety valve, pressure control valve and level instrument are placed according to necessity at different part of the system. An air pump could be used in air inlet also. This is to liquify ammonia by gas compression alone.

[0032] Advantages of the invention:

[0033] The advantages of the system for commercial generation of ammonia from the body fluids, most importantly urine as described in above body of the specification are given below-

[0034] 1) Endless supply of ammonia.

[0035] 2) Highly cost effective.

[0036] 3) A classic example of use of two waste product to generate ammonia.

[0037] 4) No dependence for external resources and import of raw materials.

[0038] 5) Easy to produce. 6) Could be made by the side of a thermal power plant from where the CO2 could be recollected to generate urea again.

[0039] Since many changes and variations of the disclosed embodiment of the invention may be made without departing from the inventive concept, it is not intended to limit the invention otherwise than as required by the appended claims.

Claims

Claim:1) A system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine consist of:- A metal or glass body container as reaction chamber for reaction between body fluid (like urine) and urease containing substance (1),- an inlet for body fluid in the reaction chamber (2),- an inlet for urease containing fluid or seed powder or crushed and soaked seed paste (3),- an inlet for air (4) in the reaction chamber,- an outlet for ammonia to come out from reaction chamber (5),- Pressure safety valve attached with reaction chamber (1) and storage tank (11) to protect the reaction chamber from over pressure,- a discharge outlet (6) after rection of substrate after reaction is over,- a heating system (7) for heating up the substrate and enzyme for optimum temperature,- single or multiple air filter (8) system to filter the outlet gas from dust, and particles from reaction chamber,- refrigerant or desiccant type of air / gas drier system (9),- air / gas pump to flow the gas towards cooling system or ammonia storage tank,- a compressor for compression of gas mixture to liquify ammonia,- a cooling system (14) to cool the ammonia gas to liquify,- a drain pipe with pressure control valve and pump (12) to drain out liquid ammonia for transportation.- one-way valves at outlet pipe for ammonia from reaction chamber, air inlet pipe, outlet pipe, body fluid inlet pipe, urease fluid inlet pipe, after air filters, before and after air / gas pump or compressor, cooling system,- temperature sensor to monitor temperature in the reaction chamber, cooling system and storage tank,- pressure gauge instruments to measure the pressure in the reaction chamber, pre and post air / gas pump or compressor, ammonia storage tank,- pressure control valve at connecting pipe (13) and drain pipe after storage tank,- sensors and controlling system connected to all the valves to control the function of the valve in appropriate manner,- a stirrer system for continuous agitation of the reaction mixture,2) The system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine as claimed in claim 1 wherein body fluid, urease containing materials, would flow into the reaction chamber through body fluid inlet pipe and ureasecontaining material respectively or premixed body fluid and urease containing material poured into the reaction chamber.3) The system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reaction will take place in batch reaction.4) The system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine as claimed in claim 1 wherein multiple reaction chambers could be used.5) The system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the body fluid, urease containing material and air flow amount would be controlled by the valve and controller system either digital or manual.6) The system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reaction chamber or substrate and enzyme would be heated either through solar, thermal or electrical system.7) The system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine as claimed in claim 1 wherein single or multiple air filter and refrigerant or desiccant type of dehumidifier would be used.8) The system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the newly formed ammonia would comeout from the outlet pipe and enter into the cooling system through a pump.The flow of ammonia from outlet pipe to cooling system could be controlled by multiple valves and controlling system either manual or digital.9) The system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine as claimed in claim 1 wherein a valve system with controller (digital or manual) would control the flow of ammonia to a storage tank.10) The system for generation ammonia from body fluid most importantly from urine as claimed in claim 1 wherein ammonia would be liquified either cooling system alone or compressor system alone or using both compressor and cooling system.

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