Near-field-region beamforming method, communication method, and device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a near-field-region beamforming method, a communication method, and a device. The method comprises the following steps: determining the position of a beam-focusing point, and obtaining a distance parameter and an angle coordinate parameter of the beam-focusing point; calculating a focusing phase weighting coefficient and a scanning phase weighting coefficient; and performing phase shifting or phase weighting on an array unit to form a corresponding wave beam. According to the near-field-region beamforming method and the device provided by the present invention, rapid and efficient beam-focusing in a near-field region can be effectively realized, thereby improving the performance of imaging detection and wireless communication in the near-field region. In a beam-focusing method of the present invention, by means of focusing phase weighting, a transmitting beam or a receiving beam in the near-field region is automatically focused to a specified distance; and in a beam scanning method of the present invention, by means of scanning phase weighting, an automatically focused transmitting beam or receiving beam points to a set angle direction. The method has the advantages such as good beam-focusing effect, low operation amount, and less mutual interference.

Description

A near-field beamforming method, communication method, and device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202311062879.8, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention belongs to the technical field of imaging detection and wireless communication, and particularly relates to a near-field beamforming method, a communication method, a device, a base station, a system and a storage medium. Background Art

[0003] Traditional beamforming methods are primarily applicable to far-field beamforming, where they can form effective antenna beams. However, when the target to be detected or communicated with is located in the antenna's near-field, traditional far-field beamforming methods fail. While near-field beam focusing can be achieved using the in-phase superposition method based on the distance between the target and the antenna unit, this requires a large amount of computation and results in poor focusing results.

[0004] In the field of microwave imaging, the inventors have developed related rapid imaging technologies, such as a rapid imaging method suitable for passive imaging and active imaging (Chinese patent application number: 202111123446X), a rapid imaging method for a semi-holographic array (Chinese patent application number: 202210572821.7), etc., and proposed focusing phase weighting technology and scanning phase weighting technology in related inventions. Among them, based on the received array signal, the focusing phase weighting technology is used to realize the rapid imaging detection of the target; the scanning phase weighting technology is used to realize the change of the viewing angle direction of the center of the imaging system. However, we found that the above method is not suitable for forming a focused and scanned transmitting beam or digital receiving beam in the near field area in many application scenarios. Therefore, in order to solve the beam focusing problem in the near field area, it is necessary to develop a fast and efficient near-field area beam focusing and scanning method, and use this method for imaging detection or communication to further improve the overall performance of the system.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a new near-field beamforming method, which can quickly and efficiently form a focused and scanned transmit beam or receive beam in the near-field area, thereby solving the detection and communication problems in the near-field area in the fields of imaging detection, wireless communication, etc.

[0007] In this invention, based on the virtual lens imaging technology, we studied the phase weighting method of beamforming, decomposed the phase weighting into focusing phase weighting and scanning phase weighting, thereby separating beam focusing and beam scanning, and independently solved the focusing phase weighting coefficient and the scanning phase weighting coefficient according to their respective requirements, thereby realizing beam focusing and beam scanning in the near-field area, solving the problem of beam focusing and beam scanning in the near-field area.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a near-field beamforming method, comprising:

[0009] Step 1: Determine the position of the beam focus point and obtain its distance parameters and angle coordinate parameters;

[0010] Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient and the scanning phase weighting coefficient;

[0011] Step 3: Perform phase shifting or phase weighting on the array elements to form the corresponding beam.

[0012] Furthermore, in the near-field beamforming method of the present invention, for a curved array, the beamforming method performs curved surface additional phase compensation, thereby forming a corresponding beam.

[0013] Furthermore, in the near-field region beamforming method of the present invention, the beamforming method performs ultra-close-range correction on the focusing phase weighting coefficient, thereby forming an ultra-close-range beam.

[0014] Furthermore, in the near-field beamforming method of the present invention:

[0015] Step 1: Determine the position of the beam focus point and obtain its distance parameters and angular coordinate parameters, including:

[0016] The array center is used as the origin and the array normal direction is the z direction to establish the array coordinate system. According to the position coordinates of the beam focus point to be formed, the distance from the array center is calculated:

[0017] Where R is the distance from the beam focus point to the array center, and (x0, y0, z0) are the coordinates of the beam focus point;

[0018] According to the coordinates of the beam focus point, calculate its horizontal and elevation angle coordinates:

[0019] Among them, θ x ,θ y are the angular coordinates of the beam focus point in the horizontal and elevation directions, respectively, and the symbol is tan -1 represents the inverse tangent function;

[0020] Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient and the scanning phase weighting coefficient, including:

[0021] Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient based on virtual lens imaging technology:

[0022] Among them, φ F is the focusing phase weighting coefficient, is the wave number, π is the circumference of a circle, λ is the wavelength, (x, y) is the coordinate of the array element; η x ,η y are array attribute parameters in the x-direction and y-direction respectively. If the array units in a certain direction transmit and receive target signals at the same time, the η corresponding to the direction is selected. x or η y The value of is 1. If the array units in a certain direction of the array transmit and receive the target signal in sequence, the η corresponding to the direction is selected. x or η y The value of is 2;

[0023] According to array antenna theory, the array is illuminated by an equivalent plane wave source after the discretization of the mirror-transformed pattern. The obtained complex field distribution on the array surface is used as the amplitude or phase weighted value to form the original radiation pattern, and then the scanning phase weighted coefficient is obtained as: φ S =-η x kx sinθ x -η y ky sinθ y ;

[0024] Among them, φ S is the scanning phase weighting coefficient, and the symbol sin represents the sine function;

[0025] Step 3: Phase shifting or phase weighting the array elements to form the corresponding beam, including:

[0026] If the initial phases of the array elements are different, the effect of the initial phases needs to be considered during beamforming: ψ=-φ0+φ F +φ S ;

[0027] Among them, ψ is the final obtained array unit phase weighting coefficient, φ0 is the initial phase of the array unit;

[0028] When using finite-precision phase shifting technology for beamforming, the actual phase weighting value can be obtained by discretizing the above-mentioned phase weighting coefficient ψ. By controlling the phase shift value of the array element, the corresponding beam can be formed;

[0029] When digital beamforming technology is used to form a beam, the desired beam can be obtained by simply performing complex weighting processing on the signal using the above phase weighting coefficient ψ: s = [s0] · [e jψ ];

[0030] Where s is the digital beamforming signal, s0 represents the array element signal, the symbol [s0] represents the matrix composed of the element s0, [e jψ ] represents the element e jψ The matrix is ​​composed of , e is Euler's constant, j is the imaginary unit, and the symbol "·" represents the matrix dot multiplication operation.

[0031] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a communication method, including a first base station:

[0032] The first base station receives transmission signals from other base stations or terminals, and obtains angle coordinates, distance information, communication information, and positioning information of other base stations or terminals;

[0033] The first base station forms one or more transmit beams based on the distance information and angular coordinates of other base stations or terminals using the above-mentioned near-field area beamforming method to communicate with the corresponding other base stations or terminals.

[0034] Furthermore, in the above communication method, the first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals, and when forming a transmit beam, multiple transmit beams are simultaneously formed to communicate with other base stations or terminals.

[0035] Furthermore, in the above communication method, the first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals, and when forming a transmission beam, a signal directional synthesis technology is used to send a specific signal to a specific other base station or terminal.

[0036] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a near-field area beamforming device, which includes a processor, a programmable device, a memory and a communication interface; wherein the memory and the programmable device store one or more programs, and the one or more programs include computer-executable instructions; when the device is running, the processor and the programmable device execute the stored executable instructions to enable the device to perform the steps of any one of the above methods or a hybrid method thereof.

[0037] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a base station, comprising a signal processing module and a transceiver module, wherein:

[0038] The signal processing module is used to process the received signals from other base stations or terminals, and detect and demodulate the signals from other base stations or terminals;

[0039] The transceiver module is used to receive transmission signals from other base stations or terminals, forming spatial multi-beam transmission signals for communicating with other base stations or terminals;

[0040] The base station communicates with other base stations or terminals using any of the above methods or a hybrid method.

[0041] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a communication system, comprising:

[0042] A base station, using the above-mentioned base station, is used to communicate with other base stations or terminals;

[0043] The terminal is used to communicate with the base station.

[0044] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores executable instructions, and when the executable instructions are run on a computer, the computer executes the steps of any one of the above methods or a hybrid method thereof.

[0045] In summary, the near-field beamforming method and device provided by the present invention can effectively achieve fast and efficient beam focusing in the near-field area, thereby improving the performance of imaging detection and wireless communication in the near-field area. Among them, the beam focusing method proposed in the present invention realizes the automatic focusing of the near-field transmit beam or receive beam to a specified distance through focusing phase weighting; the beam scanning method proposed in the present invention realizes the automatic focusing of the transmit beam or receive beam to a set angle direction through scanning phase weighting. This solves the technical problem that the existing virtual lens imaging technology cannot form a beam in the near-field area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0047] FIG1 is a flow chart of a beamforming method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] FIG2 is a diagram showing simulation results of a beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the left diagram shows the result of a conventional beamforming method, and the right diagram shows the result of a beamforming method according to the present invention.

[0049] FIG3 is a diagram showing simulation results of a beamforming method provided in an embodiment of the present application when the beam focusing point is relatively close to the array center, wherein the left diagram is the result before correction of the present invention, and the right diagram is the result after correction of the present invention.

[0050] FIG4 is a flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through different specific implementation methods, and the details in this specification may be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present invention, the term "beamforming" includes transmit beamforming and receive beamforming, the term "base station" includes but is not limited to base stations, nodes, access points, macro stations, micro stations, small stations, high-frequency stations, low-frequency stations, relay stations, mobile stations, etc.; the term "terminal" includes but is not limited to mobile stations, fixed or mobile user units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants, computers or other types of user equipment that can operate in a wireless environment; the term "system" includes but is not limited to a communication system composed of multiple terminals and base stations.

[0054] At the same time, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it should also be understood that the terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are for describing specific embodiments rather than for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1: A near-field beamforming method

[0056] As shown in FIG1 , the method includes the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: Determine the position of the beam focus point and obtain its distance parameters and angle coordinate parameters:

[0058] The array center is used as the origin and the array normal direction is used as the z direction to establish the array coordinate system. According to the position coordinates of the beam focus point to be formed, the distance from the focus point to the array center is calculated:

[0059] Where R is the distance from the beam focus point to the array center, and (x0, y0, z0) are the coordinates of the beam focus point;

[0060] According to the coordinates of the beam focus point, calculate its horizontal and elevation angle coordinates:

[0061] Among them, θ x ,θ y are the angular coordinates of the beam focus point in the horizontal and elevation directions, respectively, and the symbol is tan-1 Represents the inverse tangent function.

[0062] Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient and the scanning phase weighting coefficient:

[0063] Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient based on virtual lens imaging technology:

[0064] Among them, φ F is the focusing phase weighting coefficient, is the wave number, π is the circumference of a circle, λ is the wavelength, (x, y) is the coordinate of the array element; η x ,η y are array attribute parameters in the x-direction and y-direction respectively. If the array units in a certain direction transmit and receive target signals at the same time, the η corresponding to the direction is selected. x or η y The value of is 1. If the array units in a certain direction of the array transmit and receive the target signal in sequence, the η corresponding to the direction is selected. x or η y The value of is 2.

[0065] Optionally, when the beam focus point is close to the array center, that is, the distance of the beam focus point is comparable to or smaller than the array aperture, the focusing effect may deteriorate, and thus the focusing phase weighting coefficient may need to be corrected at an ultra-close distance to improve the focusing effect.

[0066] When making corrections at very close distances, the calculation results of the focus phase weighting coefficient can be directly corrected:

[0067] A simplified formula can also be used for direct correction: or

[0068] When making corrections at very close distances, the autofocus phase weighting coefficient can also be indirectly corrected through parameter compensation:

[0069] Alternatively, an indirect correction can be achieved by compensating the calculated parameter R:

[0070] Alternatively, an indirect correction can be achieved by compensating the calculated parameters x and y:

[0071] Optionally, an indirect correction can be achieved by compensating the power exponents of the calculation parameters x and y:

[0072] Optionally, when η x =η y =η, the distance from the array unit to the array center can also be used as a calculation parameter and compensated for this parameter to achieve indirect correction: or

[0073] in, η is the array attribute parameter;

[0074] In the above formulas, is the modified self-focusing phase weighting coefficient; is the coordinate parameter of the array unit after compensation; x ,ζ y is the power exponent of the compensated parameters x and y; α and β are correction parameters; the correction parameters α and β can be determined by experimental testing and verification using an imaging model. The imaging model is placed at different distances, and the self-focusing phase weighting coefficient with the best imaging effect is tested by adjusting and optimizing the correction parameters α and β, so as to further determine the correction parameters for targets at different distances.

[0075] According to array antenna theory, the array is illuminated by an equivalent plane wave source obtained by discretizing the mirror-transformed pattern. The resulting complex field distribution is used as the amplitude / phase weighted value to form the original radiation pattern. The scanning phase weighting coefficient can then be obtained as:

[0076] φ S =-η x kx sinθ x -η y ky sinθ y ;

[0077] Among them, φ S is the scanning phase weighting coefficient, and the symbol sin represents the sine function.

[0078] Step 3: Phase shift or phase weighting is performed on the array elements to form the corresponding beam:

[0079] If the initial phases of the array elements are different, the effect of the initial phases needs to be considered during beamforming: ψ=-φ0+φ F +φ S ;

[0080] Among them, ψ is the final obtained array unit phase weighting coefficient, φ0 is the initial phase of the array unit;

[0081] Optionally, when the array is a cylindrical, spherical or other curved array, additional curved surface phase compensation is required to form the desired beam. The curved surface additional phase compensation coefficient is: φ C =-ηz kz;

[0082] Among them, φ C is the additional phase compensation coefficient for the curved surface; z is the coordinate of the array element in the z direction; parameter η z The value depends on the system properties of the array. Specifically, for passive systems, semi-active systems, and conventional phased array systems, the choice of η z =1, active holographic system, synthetic aperture radar system select η z =2;

[0083] The final phase weighting coefficient is: ψ=-φ0+φ F +φ S +φ C ;

[0084] For arrays with the same initial phase of each unit, φ0 = 0; for planar arrays, φ C =0;

[0085] When using finite-precision phase shifting technology for beamforming, the actual phase weighting value can be obtained by discretizing the above-mentioned phase weighting coefficient ψ. By controlling the phase shift value of the array element, the corresponding beam can be formed;

[0086] When digital beamforming technology is used to form a beam, the desired beam can be obtained by simply performing complex weighting processing on the signal using the above phase weighting coefficient ψ: s = [s0] · [e jψ ];

[0087] Where s is the digital beamforming signal, s0 represents the array element signal, the symbol [s0] represents the matrix composed of the element s0, [e jψ ] represents the element e jψ The matrix is ​​composed of , e is Euler's constant, j is the imaginary unit, and the symbol "·" represents the matrix dot multiplication operation.

[0088] The beamforming method of this embodiment is experimentally verified: the frequency is 10 GHz, the array unit spacing is half a wavelength, the array size is 50×50, η x =η y = 1, the beam focus point deviates 10° from the array normal and is 1.88m from the array center. Using traditional beamforming methods, a focused beam cannot be formed at the beam focus point, resulting in a weak signal at the focus point, as shown in the left figure of Figure 2. However, using the method of the present invention, a focused beam can be formed at the beam focus point, resulting in a strong signal at the focus point, as shown in the right figure of Figure 2.

[0089] The beamforming method of this embodiment was experimentally verified when the beam focal point was relatively close to the array center: the beam focal point was 0.25 m from the array center. The focusing phase weighting coefficient was indirectly corrected by compensating for the distance. The correction parameter α was set to 1.2, while other conditions remained unchanged. The beam focusing effects before and after the correction are shown in Figure 3. The beam focal point formed before the correction deviated from the expected position, as shown in the left figure of Figure 3; the beam focal point formed after the correction was consistent with the expected position, as shown in the right figure of Figure 3.

[0090] Example 2: A communication method

[0091] As shown in FIG4 , the first base station receives transmission signals from other base stations or terminals, and obtains angle coordinates, distance information, communication information, and positioning information of the other base stations or terminals;

[0092] The first base station calculates the distance parameters and angular coordinate parameters from the other base stations or terminals to the first base station based on the distance information and angular coordinates of the other base stations or terminals;

[0093] Using the positions of other base stations or terminals as beam focus points, the first base station uses the method described in Example 1 to form a transmit beam to communicate with the corresponding other base stations or terminals;

[0094] Optionally, when the first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals, multiple transmit beams may be formed simultaneously to communicate with the other base stations or terminals when forming transmit beams:

[0095] The equivalent complex aperture field at the array aperture corresponding to the i-th transmit beam is:

[0096] Among them, E i is the equivalent complex aperture field at the array aperture corresponding to the i-th transmit beam, σ i is the signal strength corresponding to the i-th transmit beam, ψ i is the front phase weighting coefficient corresponding to the i-th transmit beam;

[0097] When multiple transmit beams are formed simultaneously, the equivalent complex aperture field at the array aperture is:

[0098] Where E is the equivalent complex aperture field at the array aperture, and the symbol Σ represents the summation operation;

[0099] Furthermore, the amplitude and phase weighting coefficients of the array are:

[0100] Where A is the array's amplitude weighting coefficient, is the phase weighting coefficient of the array, the symbol “||” indicates the absolute value operation, and the symbol “angle” indicates the angle operation;

[0101] Optionally, the first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals, and adopts a signal directional synthesis technology when forming a transmit beam to send a specific signal to a specific other base station or terminal:

[0102] First, generate the reference signal to be sent to other base stations or terminals:

[0103] Among them, s i is the reference signal to be sent to the i-th other base station or terminal, s 0i is the complex signal envelope containing the communication information, f i is the carrier frequency, t is the time;

[0104] The signal strength is σ i The equivalent complex aperture field of the i-th equivalent incident plane wave arriving at the antenna array aperture is:

[0105] The reference signal to be transmitted is modulated by the equivalent complex aperture field data, and the signal to be sent to the i-th other base station or terminal is:

[0106] For all signals to be sent to other different base stations or terminals By summing them up, we can obtain the final signal s to be sent by each unit:

[0107] Signal directional synthesis technology is used to generate multi-beam transmission. The energy of each beam is different, and each only contains the signal energy related to the object to be communicated. The energy utilization rate is further improved, which greatly reduces the energy consumption of the base station and reduces the interference to other base stations or terminals.

[0108] Example 3: A device

[0109] The composition structure of the device is shown in Figure 5, including a processor, a programmable device, a memory and a communication interface; wherein the memory is used to store one or more programs, and the one or more programs contain computer-executable instructions; when the device is running, the processor and the programmable device execute the stored executable instructions to enable the device to perform the method in Example 1 or 2 or a hybrid method thereof.

[0110] Example 4: A base station

[0111] The base station communicates with other base stations or terminals using the method in embodiment 1 or 2 or a hybrid method thereof;

[0112] The base station includes a signal processing module and a transceiver module:

[0113] A signal processing module is used to process signals received from other base stations or terminals, and to detect and demodulate signals from other base stations or terminals;

[0114] The transceiver module is used to receive transmission signals from other base stations or terminals and form spatial multi-beam transmission signals for communicating with other base stations or terminals.

[0115] Example 5: A communication system

[0116] The communication system includes a base station and a terminal:

[0117] A base station, using the base station described in Example 4, is used to communicate with other base stations or terminals;

[0118] The terminal is used to communicate with the base station.

[0119] Example 6: A computer-readable storage medium

[0120] The computer-readable storage medium stores executable instructions, and when the executable instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the method in embodiment 1 or 2 or a hybrid method thereof.

[0121] It should be noted that the methods described in the above embodiments 1 to 2 can be used alone or in combination, and the combined use is also covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0122] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary hardware platform. Based on this understanding, the above embodiments can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (including a CD, USB flash drive, EPROM, hard disk, etc.), and includes a number of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or embedded device, etc.) to execute the method described in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0123] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only used to illustrate the basic technical solution of the present invention, and does not limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above content, any technician familiar with the field can modify, improve or appropriately delete the aforementioned technical solution, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein, and these modifications or replacements should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A near-field area beamforming method, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Determine the position of the beam focus point and obtain its distance parameter and angle coordinate parameter; Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient and the scanning phase weighting coefficient; Step 3: Perform phase shifting or phase weighting on the array elements to form the corresponding beam.

2. The beamforming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the curved array, the beamforming method performs curved additional phase compensation to form a corresponding beam.

3. The beamforming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beam forming method performs ultra-close distance correction on the focusing phase weighting coefficient, thereby forming an ultra-close distance beam.

4. The beamforming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1: Determine the position of the beam focus point and obtain its distance parameters and angle coordinate parameters, including: The array center is taken as the origin and the array normal direction is taken as the z direction to establish the array coordinate system. According to the position coordinates of the beam focus point to be formed, the distance from the array center is calculated: Where R is the distance from the beam focus point to the array center, (x0, y0, z0) is the coordinate of the beam focus point; According to the coordinates of the beam focus point, calculate its horizontal and elevation angle coordinates: Among them, θ x ,θ y are the angular coordinates of the beam focus point in the horizontal and elevation directions, respectively, and the symbol is tan -1 represents the inverse tangent function; Step 2: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient and the scanning phase weighting coefficient, including: Calculate the focusing phase weighting coefficient based on virtual lens imaging technology: Among them, φ F is the focusing phase weighting coefficient, is the wave number, π is the circumference of a circle, λ is the wavelength, (x, y) is the array unit coordinate; η x , η y are the array attribute parameters in the x-direction and y-direction respectively. If the array units in a certain direction of the array transmit and receive the target signal at the same time, then the η corresponding to the direction is selected. x or η y The value of is 1. If the array units in a certain direction of the array transmit and receive the target signal in sequence, then the η corresponding to the direction is selected. x or η y The value of is 2; According to the array antenna theory, the array is illuminated by an equivalent plane wave source after the discretization of the mirror-transformed pattern. The obtained complex field distribution of the array is used as the amplitude or phase weighted value to form the original radiation pattern, and then the scanning phase weighted coefficient is obtained as follows: f s =-η x kx sinθ x -or y ky synth y ; Among them, φ s is the scanning phase weighting coefficient, and the symbol sin represents the sine function; Step 3: Shifting or weighting the array elements to form corresponding beams, including: If the initial phases of the array elements are different, the influence of the initial phases needs to be considered during beamforming: ψ=-φ0+φ F +φ S ; Among them, ψ is the final obtained array unit phase weighting coefficient, φ0 is the initial phase of the array unit; When a finite precision phase shifting technique is used for beamforming, the actual phase weighting value can be obtained by discretizing the above phase weighting coefficient ψ, and the corresponding beam can be formed by controlling the phase shifting value of the array unit; When the digital beamforming technology is used to form a beam, the desired beam can be obtained by only performing complex weighting processing on the signal using the above phase weighting coefficient ψ: s=[s0]·[e jψ ]; Where s is the digital beamforming signal, s0 represents the array element signal, the symbol [s0] represents the matrix composed of element s0, [e jψ ] indicates that the element e jψ The matrix is ​​composed of , e is Euler's constant, j is the imaginary unit, and the symbol "·" represents the matrix dot multiplication operation.

5. A communication method, characterized in that: The first base station includes: The first base station receives transmission signals from other base stations or terminals, and obtains angle coordinates, distance information, communication information, and positioning information of other base stations or terminals; The first base station forms one or more transmission beams according to the distance information and angle coordinates of other base stations or terminals using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4 to communicate with the corresponding other base stations or terminals. communication.

6. The communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that: include: The first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals, and when forming a transmit beam, simultaneously forms multiple transmit beams to communicate with other base stations or terminals.

7. The communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that: include: The first base station communicates with other base stations or terminals, and uses signal directional synthesis technology when forming a transmission beam to send a specific signal to a specific other base station or terminal.

8. A device, characterized in that: include: A processor, a programmable device, a memory and a communication interface; wherein the memory is used to store one or more programs, and the one or more programs contain computer-executable instructions; when the device is running, the processor and the programmable device execute the stored computer-executable instructions so that the device executes any one of the methods described in claims 1 to 4 or a hybrid method thereof.

9. A base station, characterized in that: The base station includes a signal processing module and a transceiver module, wherein: The signal processing module is used to process the received signals from other base stations or terminals, and detect and demodulate the signals from other base stations or terminals; The transceiver module is used to receive transmission signals from other base stations or terminals, and form spatial multi-beam transmission signals for communicating with other base stations or terminals; The base station communicates with other base stations or terminals by using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4 or a hybrid method thereof.

10. A communication system, characterized in that: include: A base station, using the base station according to claim 9, used to communicate with other base stations or terminals; The terminal is used to communicate with the base station.

11. A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that: include: When the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to execute the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or a hybrid method thereof.

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