Apparatus and method for on-off waveform communications in a wireless network

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to: determining (802) an ON-OFF keying (OOK) waveform for communication with at least one low power processor; determining (804) an information payload to be transmitted to the at least one low power processor; and transmitting (806) the information payload using the OOK waveform to the at least one low power processor.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ON-OFF WAVEFORM COMMUNICATIONS IN A WIRELESS NETWORKTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to ON-OFF waveform communications in a wireless network.BACKGROUND

[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE), or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like). Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)).SUMMARY

[0003] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of’ or “one or more of’ or “one or both of’) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition Bwithout departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

[0004] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining an ON-OFF keying (OOK) waveform for communication with at least one low power processor; determining an information payload to be transmitted to the at least one low power processor; and transmitting the information payload using the OOK waveform to the at least one low power processor.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0006] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a system having a low power (LP) wake-up radio (WUR) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0007] Figure 3 illustrates a system that communicates a wake-up signal (WUS) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0008] Figure 4A illustrates a first example of WUS communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0009] Figure 4B illustrates a second example of WUS communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0010] Figure 4C illustrates a third example of WUS communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a user equipment (UE) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a network equipment (NE) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a low power processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to a system that supports ON-OFF waveform transmissions used as a WUS to wake up one or more low power processors. The one or more low power processors may be power-sensitive devices, small form-factor devices, internet of things (loT) devices, wearables, and so forth that may operate with low power.

[0017] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.

[0018] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NE 102, one or more UE 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE -Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a new radio (NR) network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA), etc.

[0019] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN), a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

[0020] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102.

[0021] The one or more UE 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (loT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (loE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.

[0022] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referredto as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a UE-to-UE interface (PC5 interface).

[0023] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S 1, N2, N2, or network interface). In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106. In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs).

[0024] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management functions (AMF)) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc.) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.

[0025] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an SI, N2, N2, or another network interface). The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session). The PDUsession may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106).

[0026] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures). The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

[0027] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., / r=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., / r=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., / r=l) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., / r=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., / r=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., / r=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

[0028] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames). Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each framemay have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

[0029] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., / r=0, jU=l, / r=2, jU=3, / r=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing), a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., / r=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

[0030] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data). In someimplementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

[0031] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies). For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., / r=0), which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., / r=l), which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., / r=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies). For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., / r=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., / r=3), which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

[0032] Certain examples found herein may be used for a low-power WUS and / or WUR for power-sensitive devices, small form-factor devices including loT devices (e.g., industrial sensors, controllers, and so forth), and / or wearables. Other examples of devices are not precluded and may include devices such as extended reality (XR), smart glasses, smart phones, and so forth.

[0033] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a system 200 having a LP WUR in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The system 200 includes a gNB 202 and a UE 204. The gNB 202 transmits a new radio (NR) signal 206 to the UE 204. The UE 204 receives the NR signal 206 at a radio frequency (RF) 208 receiver, which provides (e.g., routes, forwards, output) the NR signal 206 to a NR main receiver 210 that processes (e.g., decodes) the NR signal 206. Further, the gNB 202 transmits a low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) 212 to the UE 204. The UE 204 receives the LP-WUS 212 at a RF 214 receiver, which provides (e.g., routes, forwards, outputs) the LP-WUS 212 to an LP-WUR 216 that processes (e.g., decodes) the LP-WUS 212.

[0034] The LP-WUS 212 residing in the LP-WUR 216 may be used to wake up the main radio (NR main receiver 210). For waveform generation, the following observations may be made: 1) a flat spectrum in a frequency domain may provide robustness against frequency selective fading compared to concentrated energy in the frequency domain; and 2) for OOK- 4, a sequence before a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) / 1 east-square (LS) with a variation inphase, such as with a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence, an M-sequence, or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) sequence, may achieve a more flattened spectrum.

[0035] Knowledge of sequences used in LP-WUS waveform generation may improve performance for a receiver with in-phase (I) and / or quadrature (Q) branches. For example, for a waveform-option-3, there may be a harmonized design that accommodates OOK- l / OOK-4 and an OFDM waveform, e.g., specified overlayed OFDM sequences over OOK symbols. As another example, for radio resource control (RRC) IDLE / INACTIVE, in addition to existing primary synchronization signal (PSS) / secondary synchronization signal (SSS), low power (LP)-synchronization signal (SS) (e.g., OOK-1 and / or OOK-4 waveform with / without overlayed OFDM sequences with potential further down selection in a certain phase) for LP-WUR that cannot receive existing PSS / SSS, synchronization and / or radio resource management (RRM) may be supported for a serving cell.

[0036] In various systems, a receiver based on an envelope detector receiving an OOK waveform maximizes a power saving gain compared to an I / Q correlator; however the coverage of the receiver based on the envelope detector may be limited as compared to the coverage of the I / Q correlator receiver type.

[0037] In some examples, a base station transmits a unified waveform of OOK-1 or OOK-4 containing OFDM sequence within the ON-duration of the OOK. In such examples, the LP-WUR may be used to maximize power saving and coverage by switching between an RF envelope detector type and an I / Q correlator receiver type.

[0038] Figure 3 illustrates a system 300 that communicates a WUS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The system 300 includes a gNB 302 that may transmit a unified waveform 304 that includes an OOK waveform 308 with an OFDM sequence 312 within the ON-duration of the OOK. A first UE 306 receives the unified waveform 304 and uses the OOK waveform 308 of the unified waveform 304. Further, a second UE 310 receives the unified waveform 304 and uses the OFDM sequence 312 of the unified waveform 304.

[0039] Figure 4 A illustrates a first example 400 of WUS communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The first example 400 includes a main radio 402 and a LP-WUR 404. The LP-WUR 404 receives an LP-WUS 406 that wakes up the main radio402 after a wake-up time 408 with a WUS. The WUS carries a UE identifier (UE-ID) that triggers the main radio 402 to wakeup for a random access channel (RACH). At the end of the wake-up time 408, the main radio 402 communicates a synchronization signal block (SSB) 410, a physical RACH (PRACH) 412, and / or a random access response (RAR) 414.

[0040] Figure 4B illustrates a second example 420 of WUS communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In the second example 420, the WUS triggers the main radio 402 to wake-up for paging monitoring as shown with paging 422. That is, the WUS triggers the main radio 402 to wake-up to monitor for paging (e.g., a paging message, a paging transmission).

[0041] Figure 4C illustrates a third example 430 of WUS communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In the third example 430, the WUS triggers the main radio 402 to wake-up for early paging indicator (PEI) monitoring as shown with PEI 432. That is, the WUS triggers the main radio 402 to wake-up to monitor for an PEI.

[0042] In certain examples, the following set of ambient loT devices may be used in system information (SI): 1) device A: no energy storage, no independent signal generation, e.g., backscattering transmission; 2) device B: has energy storage, no independent signal generation, e.g., backscattering transmission, use of stored energy may include amplification for reflected signals; and 3) device C: has energy storage, has independent signal generation, e.g., active RF component for transmission.

[0043] In some examples, a low power processor is used in which a receiver of a UE receives an OOK and / or frequency shift keying (FSK) waveform switches from a RF envelope detector to another receiver type (e.g., correlator-based detector according to a power saving gain and / or coverage). The receiver may try to decode the payload using envelope detection of the OOK and / or FSK waveform or may switch to another receiver type to correlate the received sequence, demodulate using binary phase shift keying (BPSK), demodulate using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), and so forth.

[0044] Moreover, an OFDM sequence, a BPSK sequence, a QPSK sequence, and so forth can be transmitted within an 00K-0N duration to facilitate power saving, coverage, throughput, and / or other requirements. The low power processor with the envelope detectormay decode only the OOK waveform (e.g., ON-OFF duration to detect the transmitted content); however, an advance receiver UE may decode a sequence to improve coverage and another advanced receiver UE may decode BPSK or QPSK transmitted within the OOK-ON duration to improve the throughput which may be combined with the ON-OFF waveform to transmit and / or receive extra information.

[0045] In various examples, a low power processor may be related to, but not limited to a standalone transmitter (TX) and / or receiver (RX) loT device and / or the low power processor may be an auxiliary chip to wake-up a main processor.

[0046] In one embodiment, a gNB may transmit a harmonized OOK and / or FSK type waveform to communicate with one or more low power processors. The one or more low power processors may be part of a standalone TX and / or RX loT device or a low power auxiliary chipset used to wake-up the main processor. The gNB may encode payload containing information for the one or more low power processors using: 1) an OOK and / or FSK waveform in one or more OFDM symbols; 2) encoding information using a sequence (e.g., BPSK sequence, QPSK sequence, and so forth) transmitted within the ON duration of the OOK / FSK waveform; or 3) a combination of encoding information using the OOK and / or FSK waveform together with transmitting additional information using the sequence (e.g., the BPSK sequence, the QPSK sequence, and so forth) within the ON duration of the OOK and / or FSK waveform.

[0047] In some systems, a gNB may encode the same or different payloads containing information for a low power processor using one or more examples described herein. The gNB may use a harmonized OOK and / or FSK type waveform to communicate with one or more low power processors. Moreover, the gNB may encode and transmit a payload using an OOK and / or FSK waveform by transmitting ON-OFF pulses in one or more OFDM symbols. As such, a low power processor capable of performing envelope detection may perform energy detection on the received OOK and / or FSK waveform to decode the payload.

[0048] Further, the gNB may encode and transmit a payload using an OOK and / or FSK waveform within which a sequence may be transmitted within an OOK-ON duration. As such, a low power processor capable of performing correlation detection may correlate the received sequence to decode the payload.

[0049] In another example, a gNB may encode and transmit a payload using an OOK and / or FSK waveform by transmitting ON-OFF pulses in one or more OFDM symbols with additional payload information transmitted using a sequence (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, and so forth) within the OOK-ON duration. As such, a low power processor may decode both of the OOK and / or FSK waveform using an envelope detector and the additional information transmitted using the sequence within the OOK-ON duration using a demodulator.

[0050] In some configurations, the same UE may have different receiver types configured to receive different payloads. For example, a gNB may transmit the same information pay load to a UE and, according to the capability of a low power processor of the UE, the low power processor may either perform envelope detection or correlation. Moreover, a low power processor supporting multiple receiver decoding techniques may switch between receiver types to improve power saving and coverage enhancement. In one example, if the low power processor is in a good coverage area of a gNB, the low power processor may use an RF envelope detector and, if the low power processor is in the bad coverage area of the gNB, the low power processor may use a correlator-based detector. In another example, a threshold may be provided by a gNB in a system information block (SIB) to enable a low power processor to switch between an envelope detector and a correlatorbased detector. In a further example, a low power processor may switch to a correlator-based detector based on a decoding failure of an envelope-based detector.

[0051] In various configurations, there may be different payloads for the same low power processor using envelope detector and correlator and / or decoder based receiver types. The envelope detector may decode only an OOK waveform, the correlator based receiver may decode a sequence within an OOK waveform ON duration, and the decoder may decode BPSK and / or QPSK transmitted within the OOK-ON duration.

[0052] In certain configurations, different UEs may have different receiver types configured to receive different payloads. For example, a gNB may transmit different information payloads to different receiver types by using a harmonized OOK and / or FSK type waveform. Depending on a capability of a low power processor receiver, additional information transmitted within an OOK-ON duration using a sequence (e.g., BPSK or QPSK) may get decoded. In one example, a low power processor supporting an envelope-baseddetector may decode a limited information payload within the ON-OFF duration of the OOK / FSK waveform transmitted using one or more OFDM symbols. However, the low power processor with the decoding capability may decode the sequence (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, and so forth) transmitted within the ON duration of the OOK waveform and with that more information bits may be transmitted to the low power processor if it supports those decoding capability. In another example, the gNB may transmit more information to the same low power processor using both ON-OFF duration of the OOK and / or FSK waveform transmitted using one or more OFDM symbols together with the sequence (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, and so forth) within the OOK-ON duration. The low power processor may decode the ON-OFF duration of the OOK and / or FSK waveform and decode additional information in the sequence (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, and so forth) within the OOK-ON duration. In a further example, the information transmitted within the ON-OFF duration of the OOK and / or FSK waveform may be control information about a type of modulation or sequence transmitted within the OOK-ON duration.

[0053] In a first implementation, a low power processor (e.g., LP-WUR) may be an auxiliary chip to wake-up a main processor. The low power processor may use envelope detection to save power if there is a signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINK) is high or if a received power is above a certain configured threshold, and may switch to correlate a received sequence when the SINK is low or the received power is below the certain configured threshold.

[0054] In a second implementation, a low power processor (e.g., LP-WUR) may be an auxiliary chip to wake-up a main processor. There may be multiple low power receivers supporting multiple detection techniques and a gNB may transmit a harmonized OOK and / or FSK waveform to the multiple low power receivers. Based on a capability of the multiple low power receivers, a WUS payload may be different and method used by wake up receivers may also be different. In one example, a low power wake up receiver receiving a harmonized OOK and / or FSK waveform using an envelope detector may receive a wake up indicator to wake up a main baseband receiver to monitor an early paging indicator. The low power wakeup receiver receiving a harmonized OOK and / or FSK waveform using a BPSK and / or QPSK de-modulation detector may contain more of a payload, such as an entire pagingpayload including a UE ID, and, after receiving paging information, a low power wake up radio may wake up a main receiver to transmit RACH (e.g., see Figure 4A). A LP-WUR receiving early paging information containing a group ID and / or sub-group ID may wake up the main receiver to monitor a paging occasion (e.g., see Figure 4B).

[0055] As discussed herein, a gNB may transmit a harmonized waveform, but different procedures 2 may be performed by the LP-WUR and main radio (e.g., according to the payload received by a LP-WUR which may be detecting using an envelope detector, a sequence-based correlator, or using a BPSK and / or a QPSK demodulator detector).

[0056] In a third implementation with a low power processor acting as a LP loT device, a gNB may transmit a harmonized OOK and / or FSK waveform. In such an implementation, a first device that supports an envelope detector may perform energy detection on the received OOK and / or FSK waveform and may decode the payload. However, a second device that supports a BPSK and / or a QPSK demodulator may decode the BPSK and / or QPSK information bits within an OOK-ON duration to derive extra information.

[0057] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a UE 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 500 may include a processor 502, a memory 504, a controller 506, and a transceiver 508. The processor 502, the memory 504, the controller 506, or the transceiver 508, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0058] The processor 502, the memory 504, the controller 506, or the transceiver 508, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0059] The processor 502 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general- purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or anycombination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 502 may be configured to operate the memory 504. In some other implementations, the memory 504 may be integrated into the processor 502. The processor 502 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the UE 500 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0060] The memory 504 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 502 cause the UE 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 504 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non- transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or specialpurpose computer.

[0061] In some implementations, the processor 502 and the memory 504 coupled with the processor 502 may be configured to cause the UE 500 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 502, instructions stored in the memory 504). For example, the processor 502 may support wireless communication at the UE 500 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.

[0062] The controller 506 may manage input and output signals for the UE 500. The controller 506 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 500. In some implementations, the controller 506 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 506 may be implemented as part of the processor 502.

[0063] In some implementations, the UE 500 may include at least one transceiver 508. In some other implementations, the UE 500 may have more than one transceiver 508. The transceiver 508 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 508 may include one or more receiver chains 510, one or more transmitter chains 512, or a combination thereof.

[0064] A receiver chain 510 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 510 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 510 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LN A)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 510 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 510 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0065] A transmitter chain 512 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 512 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 512 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 512 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0066] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a processor 600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 600 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may include a controller 602 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may optionally include at least one memory 604, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 600 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 606. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0067] The processor 600 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), flash memory, phase change memory (PCM), and others).

[0068] The controller 602 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 602 may operate as a control unit of the processor 600, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 600. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.

[0069] The controller 602 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 604 and determine subsequent instruction(s) to be executed to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 602 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 604. The controller 602 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 602 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 602 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 600. The controller 602 may be configured to control transfer of databetween registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), and other functional units of the processor 600.

[0070] The memory 604 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 600 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 604 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 600). In some other implementations, the memory 604 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 600).

[0071] The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 600, cause the processor 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 602 and / or the processor 600 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 604 to cause the processor 600 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 600 and / or the controller 602 may be coupled with or to the memory 604, the processor 600, the controller 602, and the memory 604 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 600 may include multiple processors and the memory 604 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

[0072] The one or more ALUs 606 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600). In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600). One or more ALUs 606 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 606 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 606 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or moreALUs 606 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR), not-OR (NOR), and not-AND (NAND), enabling the one or more ALUs 606 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

[0073] The processor 600 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for: receiving configuration information associated with an information payload; receiving the information payload using an OOK waveform; and decoding the information payload based on the configuration information.

[0074] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a NE 700 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 700 may include a processor 702, a memory 704, a controller 706, and a transceiver 708. The processor 702, the memory 704, the controller 706, or the transceiver 708, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0075] The processor 702, the memory 704, the controller 706, or the transceiver 708, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0076] The processor 702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general- purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 702 may be configured to operate the memory 704. In some other implementations, the memory 704 may be integrated into the processor 702. The processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the NE 700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0077] The memory 704 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions whenexecuted by the processor 702 cause the NE 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 704 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non- transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or specialpurpose computer.

[0078] In some implementations, the processor 702 and the memory 704 coupled with the processor 702 may be configured to cause the NE 700 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 702, instructions stored in the memory 704). For example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the NE 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 700 may be configured to support a means for: determining an OOK waveform for communication with at least one low power processor; determining an information payload to be transmitted to the at least one low power processor; and transmitting the information payload using the OOK waveform to the at least one low power processor.

[0079] The controller 706 may manage input and output signals for the NE 700. The controller 706 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 700. In some implementations, the controller 706 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 706 may be implemented as part of the processor 702.

[0080] In some implementations, the NE 700 may include at least one transceiver 708. In some other implementations, the NE 700 may have more than one transceiver 708. The transceiver 708 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 708 may include one or more receiver chains 710, one or more transmitter chains 712, or a combination thereof.

[0081] A receiver chain 710 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 710 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 710 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LN A)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 710 may include at least onedemodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 710 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0082] A transmitter chain 712 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 712 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 712 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 712 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0083] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE to perform the described functions.

[0084] At 802, the method may include determining an OOK waveform for communication with at least one low power processor. The operations of 802 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 802 may be performed by a NE as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0085] At 804, the method may include determining an information payload to be transmitted to the at least one low power processor. The operations of 804 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 804 may be performed by a NE as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0086] At 806, the method may include transmitting the information payload using the OOK waveform to the at least one low power processor. The operations of 806 may beperformed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 806 may be performed a NE as described with reference to Figure 7.

[0087] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a low power processor as described herein. In some implementations, the processor 600 may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE to perform the described functions.

[0088] At 902, the method may include receiving configuration information associated with an information payload. The operations of 802 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 902 may be performed by a processor as described with reference to Figure 6.

[0089] At 904, the method may include receiving the information payload using an OOK waveform. The operations of 804 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 804 may be performed by a processor as described with reference to Figure 6.

[0090] At 906, the method may include decoding the information payload based on the configuration information. The operations of 806 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 806 may be performed a processor as described with reference to Figure 6.

[0091] It should be noted that the method described herein describes A possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0092] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A base station, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the base station to: determine an ON-OFF keying (OOK) waveform for communication with at least one low power processor; determine an information payload to be transmitted to the at least one low power processor; and transmit the information payload using the OOK waveform to the at least one low power processor.

2. The base station of claim 1, wherein the information pay load is encoded on the OOK waveform based on an ON-OFF duration of the OOK waveform.

3. The base station of claim 1, wherein the information pay load is encoded using a sequence within an ON-duration of the OOK waveform.

4. The base station of claim 3, wherein the sequence comprises a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) sequence or a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) sequence.

5. The base station of claim 1, wherein a first part of the information payload is encoded on the OOK waveform based on an ON-OFF duration of the OOK waveform and a second part of the information payload is encoded using a sequence within an ON-duration of the OOK waveform.

6. The base station of claim 5, wherein the first part of the information payload and the second part of the information payload are both for the at least one low power processor.

7. The base station of claim 5, wherein the first part of the information payload and the second part of the information payload are for different low power processors of the at least one low power processor.

8. The base station of claim 1, wherein the at least one low power processor comprises a plurality of low power processors that support different receiver types.

9. The base station of claim 8, wherein the different receiver types support envelope detection, correlation detection, decoding of modulated symbols, or a combination thereof.

10. The base station of claim 1, wherein the information pay load is transmitted in one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbols.

11. A method performed by a base station, the method comprising: determining an ON-OFF keying (OOK) waveform for communication with at least one low power processor; determining an information payload to be transmitted to the at least one low power processor; and transmitting the information payload using the OOK waveform to the at least one low power processor.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the information payload is encoded on the OOK waveform based on an ON-OFF duration of the OOK waveform.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the information payload is encoded using a sequence within an ON-duration of the OOK waveform.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the sequence comprises a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) sequence or a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) sequence.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein a first part of the information payload is encoded on the OOK waveform based on an ON-OFF duration of the OOK waveform and a second part of the information payload is encoded using a sequence within an ON- duration of the OOK waveform.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first part of the information payload and the second part of the information payload are both for the at least one low power processor.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first part of the information payload and the second part of the information payload are for different low power processors of the at least one low power processor.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one low power processor comprises a plurality of low power processors that support different receiver types.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the different receiver types support envelope detection, correlation detection, decoding of modulated symbols, or a combination thereof.

20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the information payload is transmitted in one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbols.

21. A low power processor, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the low power processor to: receive configuration information associated with an information payload; receive the information payload using an ON-OFF keying (OOK) waveform; and decode the information payload based on the configuration information.

22. The low power processor of claim 21, wherein the information payload is encoded on the OOK waveform based on an ON-OFF duration of the OOK waveform.

23. The low power processor of claim 21, wherein the information payload is encoded using a sequence within an ON-duration of the OOK waveform.

24. The low power processor of claim 23, wherein the sequence comprises a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) sequence or a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) sequence.

25. The low power processor of claim 21, wherein a first part of the information payload is encoded on the OOK waveform based on an ON-OFF duration of the OOK waveform and a second part of the information payload is encoded using a sequence within an ON-duration of the OOK waveform.

26. The low power processor of claim 21, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the low power processor to switch a receiver type associated with power saving and coverage requirements.

27. A method performed by a low power processor, the method comprising: receiving configuration information associated with an information payload; receiving the information payload using an ON-OFF keying (OOK) waveform; and decoding the information payload based on the configuration information.

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