Sensing arrangement

Abstract

A barrier is provided for a sensor used to sense a characteristic of a gas flow in a respiratory system. The barrier allows the sensor to perform its sensing functions while isolating the sensor from the gas flow such that it is not contaminated by the gas flow. The barrier is mounted by a retainer. One or more sensors may be held by a sensor cartridge which can be coupled to a suitable sensing location of the respiratory system. The coupling of the sensor cartridge forms electrical or sensing connections of devices within the respiratory system.

Description

Sensing arrangementTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to various devices, systems, and methods applicable to a respiratory system arranged to deliver a gas to a patient. In at least one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a barrier suitable for use with a sensor of a respiratory system. In at least one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a sensor cartridge adapted to facilitate easier set up of one or more sensors, and their associated power and / or communication connections. In at least one aspect, the present disclosure relates to methods for measuring flow characteristics of a gas flow of the respiratory system.BACKGROUND

[0002] Many respiratory systems deliver conditioned gases (for example, heated, humidified) for various medical procedures, including respiratory therapy or support, laparoscopy and the like.

[0003] In some systems, sensors may be used to detect flow characteristics of the gases delivered to patients at selected locations, to measure and control operating parameters of the respiratory system and ensure effective and safe therapy is being provided. When taking measurements, some sensors are inserted directly into, or placed within a gas flow path. These sensors may be reused by different systems, or on different patients, but they must undergo a time and resource intensive cleaning or reprocessing treatment before they can be reused.

[0004] Some respiratory systems require conditioning of the gas flow before it is delivered to a patient, such as heating, or humidifying. A conduit assembly can be used to transport the gas flow generated or supplied by a flow source to a patient. In some systems, a heating element may be provided in the conduit assembly to raise or maintain the temperature of the gas flow as it is transported by the conduits. The heating element usually requires an electrical connection to a power source. Similarly, the sensors used to measure flow characteristics of the gas flow might also require electrical connection to a power source, or to transmit sensor measurements to a control unit via wired connections. These electrical connections add complexity to the general setup of respiratory systems, causing inconvenience to end users such as clinicians or patients. Some systems have simplified such connections by locating electrical or signal contacts at a supply end of the conduit assembly, enabling connections to be made when the conduit connects to the gas flow source. Such simplified connections often face compatibilityissues as it requires the respiratory system to be specifically adapted to receive such connections.

[0005] In some cases, thermistors and heating elements used in one respiratory system cannot readily be used in another system due to compatibility issues. Thermistors are temperature measuring devices and can be made in various different forms. A thermistor may comprise a resistor that changes its resistance in accordance with temperature. The resistance of the thermistor is then measured and converted by a suitable circuit or device into signals representative of the temperatures measured by the thermistor. However, some thermistors may output a different range of resistances than others for the same temperature range. Similarly, heating elements used in respiratory systems often have different power ratings as well.

[0006] Any reference to or discussion of any document, act or item of knowledge in this specification is included solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any of these matters or any combination thereof formed at the priority date part of the common general knowledge, or was known to be relevant to an attempt to solve any problem with which this specification is concerned.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a barrier for a sensor used to sense a characteristic of a gas flow in a flow path of a respiratory system, via a sensing port in communication with the flow path, wherein the barrier is configured to be placed between the flow path and the sensor, the barrier comprising: a mounting portion configured to secure the barrier to the sensing port; a receiving portion arranged to receive a sensor, wherein the receiving portion comprises: a side region, wherein the side region is configured to be stretched by insertion of the sensor, such that it conforms to a side wall of the sensor; a tip region, wherein the tip region is configured to contact a tip of the sensor.

[0008] In some configurations, the mounting portion comprises a sealing member configured for creating a pneumatic seal around the sensing port, and a buffering member for preventing stretching of the receiving portion from being translated to the sealing member.

[0009] In some configurations, the receiving portion of the barrier is arranged to at least partly extend into the flow path, via the sensing port.

[0010] In some configurations, the side region is configured to conform to the side wall of the sensor along part of its length, after sensor insertion.

[0011] In some configurations, the side region is configured to conform to the side wall of the sensor, along its entire length, after sensor insertion.

[0012] In some configurations, the side region comprises a stretchable material, wherein a thickness of the stretchable material reduces as the side region is stretched by insertion of the sensor.

[0013] In some configurations, the side region is of a substantially cylindrical or substantially frustoconical shape, before insertion of the sensor.

[0014] In some configurations, the barrier comprises a plurality of receiving portions, configured to receive a plurality of sensors or sensing portions.

[0015] In some configurations, the tip region comprises a material that is configured to substantially maintain its thickness as the side region is stretched by insertion of the sensor.

[0016] In some configurations, the tip region maintains its thickness due to a frictional force between the tip region and the tip of the sensor.

[0017] In some configurations, the tip region does not stretch, or stretches very minimally, during sensor insertion.

[0018] In some configurations, the side region is configured to preferentially stretch before the tip region.

[0019] In some configurations, the tip region is of a shape that conforms to the shape of the tip of the sensor.

[0020] In some configurations, the tip region is of a dome shape.

[0021] In some configurations, the receiving portion further comprises: a base region, extending between the side region and the mounting portion of the barrier.

[0022] In some configurations, before the receiving portion receives a sensor, the base region comprises a first thickness, the side region comprises a second thickness, and the tip region comprises a third thickness, wherein the third thickness is smaller than the first and the second thickness.

[0023] In some configurations, the second thickness is smaller than the first thickness.

[0024] In some configurations, the first and the second thicknesses are substantially similar.

[0025] In some configurations, the side region has a uniform thickness.

[0026] In some configurations, the side region has a tapered thickness, thinning towards the tip region.

[0027] In some configurations, the tip region has a uniform thickness.

[0028] In some configurations, the barrier is configured to be secured to the sensing port of the flow path by a retainer.

[0029] In some configurations, the mounting portion interacts with the retainer.

[0030] In some configurations, the mounting portion comprises a flange.

[0031] In some configurations, the buffering member and the sealing member are both located on the flange.

[0032] In some configurations, the flange extends outwardly from the opening of the receiving portion, in a plane that is orthogonal to a direction in which the receiving portion stretches due to sensor insertion.

[0033] In some configurations, the buffering member is adjacent an opening of the receiving portion, via which the sensor is inserted.

[0034] In some configurations, when the barrier comprises a plurality of receiving portions, a buffering member is provided for each of the receiving portions.

[0035] In some configurations, the buffering member substantially extends around the opening of the receiving portion.

[0036] In some configurations, the buffering member is a ring that extends around the opening of the receiving portion.

[0037] In some configurations, the ring may be concentric with the opening of the receiving portion.

[0038] In some configurations, the ring is formed by a protrusion of the flange.

[0039] In some configurations, the buffering member is configured to be positioned in a first recess of a wall adjacent to the sensing port of the flow path.

[0040] In some configurations, before assembly with the sensing port, the buffering member is of a dimension similar to that of the first recess, such that the buffering member is not compressed as it is positioned in the first recess.

[0041] In some configurations, the buffering member is not compressed when assembled with the wall and the retainer.

[0042] In some configurations, the buffering member is located between the receiving portion and the sealing member, wherein the buffering member is configured to prevent stretching of the receiving portion from being translated to the sealing member.

[0043] In some configurations, the sealing member extends around a perimeter of the flange.

[0044] In some configurations, the sealing member is a protrusion that extends from an underside of the flange.

[0045] In some configurations, the sealing member extends in the same direction in which the receiving portion stretches due to sensor insertion.

[0046] In some configurations, the sealing member is configured to be positioned in a second recess of a wall adjacent to the sensing port of the flow path.

[0047] In some configurations, the sealing member is of a dimension larger than that of the second recess, such that the sealing member is compressed when assembled with the connector and the retainer.

[0048] In some configurations, the sealing member comprises a height that is greater than a depth of the second recess, such that it is compressed along its height when assembled with the connector and the retainer.

[0049] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a sensor cartridge, adapted to be connected to a connection region of a respiratory system, the connection region comprising first electrical contacts and one or more sensing ports providing an entry into a gas flow path in the respiratory system, wherein the sensor cartridge comprises: a housing, comprising a wall; one or more sensors configured to protrude from the wall; second electrical contacts, accessible from the wall, wherein the electrical contacts are configured to form an electrical connection with the first electrical contacts; wherein the sensor cartridge is adapted to connect to the connection region, and said connection causes insertion of the one or more sensors into the one or more sensing ports and formation of the electrical connection between the first and the second electrical contacts.

[0050] In some configurations, the wall is a rear wall of the housing.

[0051] In some configurations, the one or more sensors extend out of the housing via one or more openings formed in the wall.

[0052] In some configurations, the one or more openings are formed at or near a centre of the wall and the second electrical contacts are arranged around the one or more openings.

[0053] In some configurations, the second electrical contacts are arranged in a grid formation around the one or more sensors.

[0054] In some configurations, the sensor cartridge comprises a connection mechanism allowing the sensor cartridge to be detachably mounted to the connection region.

[0055] In some configurations, the connection mechanism comprises one or more locking members, adapted to engage one or more retaining members of the connection region in a detachable manner.

[0056] In some configurations, the connection mechanism comprises a releasing member that may be actuated to detach the sensor cartridge from the connection region.

[0057] In some configurations, the one or more sensors are arranged to extend into the one or more sensing ports in a direction that is perpendicular to a direction of the gas flow in the gas flow path.

[0058] In some configurations, the sensor cartridge comprises alignment structures ensuring correct alignment and mounting of the sensor cartridge to the connection region.

[0059] In some configurations, the alignment structures include a plurality of arms that extend rearwardly from the housing.

[0060] In some configurations, the plurality of arms are asymmetrically arranged with respect to a centre line of the housing.

[0061] In some configurations, the plurality of arms are adapted to slide into a plurality of channels formed in the connection region.

[0062] In some configurations, the connection region is at least partly formed in a connector, wherein the one or more sensing ports are formed in a side wall of the connector.

[0063] In some configurations, the first electrical contacts are provided on a printed circuit board attached to the side wall of the connector.

[0064] In some configurations, the printed circuit board is attached to the side wall of the connector via a retainer.

[0065] In some configurations, the barrier of the first aspect is mounted to the one or more sensing ports by a retainer.

[0066] In some configurations, the printed circuit board is attached to the side wall of the connector via overmolding.

[0067] In some configurations, the connector is suitable for fluidly connecting a gas flow source to a patient.

[0068] In some configurations, the connector is arranged to fluidly connect to an outlet of a humidification unit at one end, and to an inspiratory conduit at another end.

[0069] In some configurations, the inspiratory conduit comprises one or more heating elements adapted to heat or maintain a temperature of the gas flow.

[0070] In some configurations, the inspiratory conduit comprises one or more integrated sensors adapted to sense a characteristic of a gas flow in the inspiratory conduit.

[0071] In some configurations, the one or more integrated sensors are located at a patient end of the inspiratory conduit.

[0072] In some configurations, the one or more sensors include a temperature sensor and a flow sensor.

[0073] In some configurations, the electrical connection between the first and second electrical contacts enables power to be relayed to the one or more heating elements.

[0074] In some configurations, the electrical connection between the first and second electrical contacts enables sensing signal communication between the one or more integrated sensors and a humidification unit of the respiratory system.

[0075] In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a barrier for a sensor used to sense a characteristic of a gas flow in a flow path of a respiratory system, via a sensing port in fluid communication with the flow path, wherein the barrier is configured to be placed between the flow path and the sensor, the barrier comprising: a receiving portion, configured to be stretched by insertion of the sensor; and a mounting portion defining a plane of the barrier, the mounting portion configured to secure the barrier to the sensing port, said mounting portion comprising: a sealing member for creating a pneumatic seal around the sensing port; a buffering member for preventing stretching of the receiving portion from being translated to the sealing member, wherein the sealing member and the buffering member extend transversely to the plane of the barrier.

[0076] In some configurations, the receiving portion extends transversely to the plane of the barrier.

[0077] In some configurations, the buffering member extends in the same direction as the receiving portion.

[0078] In some configurations, the sealing member extends in the same direction as the receiving portion.

[0079] In some configurations, the receiving portion of the barrier is arranged to at least partly extend into the flow path, via the sensing port.

[0080] In some configurations, the receiving portion comprises: a side region, wherein the side region is configured to be stretched by insertion of the sensor, such that it conforms to a side wall of the sensor.

[0081] In some configurations, the side region is configured to conform to the side wall of the sensor along part of its length, after sensor insertion.

[0082] In some configurations, the side region is configured to conform to the side wall of the sensor, along its entire length, after sensor insertion.

[0083] In some configurations, the side region comprises a stretchable material, wherein a thickness of the stretchable material reduces as the side region is stretched by insertion of the sensor.

[0084] In some configurations, the side region is of a substantially cylindrical or substantially frustoconical shape, before insertion of the sensor.

[0085] In some configurations, the barrier comprises a plurality of receiving portions, configured to receive a plurality of sensors or a plurality of sensing portions.

[0086] In some configurations, the plurality of sensors includes at least a temperature sensor and a flow sensor.

[0087] In some configurations, the receiving portion further comprises: a tip region, configured to contact a tip of the sensor.

[0088] In some configurations, the tip region comprises a material that is configured to substantially maintain its thickness as the side region is stretched by insertion of the sensor.

[0089] In some configurations, the tip region maintains its thickness due to a frictional force between the tip region and the tip of the sensor.

[0090] In some configurations, the tip region does not stretch, or stretches very minimally, during sensor insertion.

[0091] In some configurations, the side region is configured to preferentially stretch before the tip region.

[0092] In some configurations, the tip region is of a shape that conforms to the shape of the tip of the sensor.

[0093] In some configurations, the tip region is of a dome shape.

[0094] In some configurations, the receiving portion further comprises: a base region, extending between the side region and the mounting portion of the barrier.

[0095] In some configurations, before the receiving portion receives a sensor, the base region comprises a first thickness, the side region comprises a second thickness, and the tip region comprise a third thickness, wherein the third thickness is smaller than the first and the second thickness.

[0096] In some configurations, the second thickness is smaller than the first thickness.

[0097] In some configurations, the first and the second thicknesses are substantially similar.

[0098] In some configurations, the side region has a uniform thickness.

[0099] In some configurations, the side region has a tapered thickness, thinning towards the tip region.

[0100] In some configurations, the tip region has a uniform thickness.

[0101] In some configurations, the barrier is configured to be secured to the sensing port of the flow path by a retainer.

[0102] In some configurations, the mounting portion interacts with the retainer.

[0103] In some configurations, the mounting portion comprises a flange.

[0104] In some configurations, the buffering member and the sealing member are both located on the flange.

[0105] In some configurations, the flange extends outwardly from an opening of the receiving portion, in a plane that is orthogonal to a direction in which the receiving portion stretches due to sensor insertion.

[0106] In some configurations, the buffering member is adjacent the opening of the receiving portion, via which the sensor is inserted.

[0107] In some configurations, when the barrier comprises a plurality of receiving portions, a buffering member is provided for each of the receiving portions.

[0108] In some configurations, the buffering member substantially extends around the opening of the receiving portion.

[0109] In some configurations, the buffering member is a protrusion that extends around the opening of the receiving portion.

[0110] In some configurations, the buffering member is configured to be positioned in a first recess of a wall adjacent the sensing port of the flow path.

[0111] In some configurations, before assembly with the wall, the buffering member is of a dimension similar to that of the first recess, such that the buffering member is not compressed as it is positioned in the first recess.

[0112] In some configurations, the buffering member is not compressed when assembled with the wall and the retainer.

[0113] In some configurations, the buffering member is located between the receiving portion and the sealing member, wherein the buffering member is configured to prevent stretching of the receiving portion from being translated to the sealing member.

[0114] In some configurations, the sealing member extends around a perimeter of the flange.

[0115] In some configurations, the sealing member is a protrusion that extends from an underside of the flange.

[0116] In some configurations, the sealing member extends in the same direction in which the receiving portion stretches due to sensor insertion.

[0117] In some configurations, the sealing member is configured to be positioned in a second recess of a wall adjacent to the sensing port of the flow path.

[0118] In some configurations, the sealing member is of a dimension larger than that of the second recess, such that the sealing member is compressed when assembled.

[0119] In some configurations, the sealing member comprises a height that is greater than a depth of the second recess, such that it is compressed along its height when assembled with the connector and the retainer.

[0120] In some configurations, the barrier is comprised of a single material.

[0121] In some configurations, the barrier is comprised of an elastomeric material.

[0122] In some configurations the barrier comprises silicone.

[0123] In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a barrier for a sensor used to sense a characteristic of a gas flow in a flow path of a respiratory system, via a sensing port in fluid communication with the flow path, wherein the barrier is configured to be placed between the flow path and the sensor, the barrier comprising: a receiving portion, configured to be stretched by insertion of the sensor; a mounting portion configured to secure the barrier to the sensing port, said mounting portion comprising: a sealing member for creating a pneumatic seal around the sensing port; a buffering member for preventing stretching of the receiving portion from being translated to the sealing member, wherein the sealing member and the buffer member extend in the same direction as the receiving portion.

[0124] In a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides a connector assembly of a respiratory system, wherein the connector assembly comprises: a connector, said connector comprising a wall providing one or more sensing ports providing an entry into a gas flow path; a retainer, and the barrier of the first aspect, the third aspect, or the fourth aspect, wherein the barrier is mounted to the wall by the retainer.

[0125] In some configurations, the mounting portion of the barrier is sandwiched between the wall and the retainer.

[0126] In some configurations, the connector assembly further comprises a printed circuit board comprising electrical contacts.

[0127] In some configurations, the printed circuit board is attached to the wall via the retainer.

[0128] In some configurations, the printed circuit board comprises one or more apertures that align with the one or more sensing ports.

[0129] In some configurations, the one or more apertures are formed at or near a centre of a body of the printed circuit board, and the electrical contacts are arranged around the one or more apertures.

[0130] In some configurations, there are four electrical contacts, and the four electrical contacts are arranged in a grid formation in symmetrical locations across the printed circuit board.

[0131] In some configurations, the connector assembly forms part of a conduit.

[0132] In some configurations the conduit is an inspiratory conduit, and the connector is configured to fluidly couple a further component of the respiratory system to the inspiratory conduit.

[0133] In some configurations, the further component is a humidification chamber.

[0134] In some configurations, the conduit comprises one or more heating elements adapted to heat or maintain a temperature of the gas flow.

[0135] In some configurations, the conduit comprises one or more integrated sensors adapted to sense a characteristic of the gas flow.

[0136] In some configurations, the one or more integrated sensors are located at a patient end of the conduit.

[0137] Further features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0138] Various preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of examples only, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

[0139] Fig 1 illustrates an example of a respiratory system;

[0140] Fig 2 shows a close up view of a humidification unit suitable for use in a respiratory system;

[0141] Fig 3 illustrates another example of a respiratory system;

[0142] Fig 4 shows a perspective view of an exemplary connector for use in a respiratory system, and an example of a barrier according to the present disclosure;

[0143] Fig 5 displays a cross sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of a barrier according to the present disclosure;

[0144] Fig 6 shows a cross sectional schematic diagram of a barrier placed in an operating position;

[0145] Fig 7 shows a bottom perspective view of an embodiment of a barrier;

[0146] Fig 8 illustrates a top plan view of an embodiment of a barrier and its exemplary dimensions;

[0147] Fig 9 illustrates a schematic of a further embodiment of a barrier and its exemplary dimensions;

[0148] Fig 10 indicates exemplary thicknesses of a receiving portion of a barrier;

[0149] Fig 11 shows exemplary dimensions of a mounting portion of a barrier including a sealing member and a buffering member;

[0150] Fig 12 shows exemplary dimensions of a wall of a connector;

[0151] Fig 13 shows a cross sectional schematic diagram of a further example of a barrier according to the present disclosure;

[0152] Fig 14 shows a perspective view of yet another example of a barrier according to the present disclosure;

[0153] Fig 15 indicates how a barrier may be attached to a connector of a respiratory system by a retainer;

[0154] Fig 16 shows a retainer being attached to a connector;

[0155] Fig 17 shows a further example of a retainer configured to slidably receive a printed circuit board (PCB);

[0156] Fig 18 shows a side view of a connector having the retainer of Fig 17 coupled to a side wall of the connector;

[0157] Fig 19 shows another example of a connector including a PCB and a retainer coupled to a side wall of the connector;

[0158] Fig 20 shows an exemplary sensor cartridge;

[0159] Fig 21 shows the sensor cartridge of Fig 20 coupled to one side of a connector;

[0160] Fig 22 shows a side view of the sensor cartridge after it is mounted to a connector;

[0161] Fig 23 shows an exploded view of the sensor cartridge of Fig 20;

[0162] Fig 24 shows a close up view of a frame of a sensor cartridge;

[0163] Fig 25 shows another example of a sensor cartridge;

[0164] Fig 26 shows a see through view of a coupling mechanism used to couple a sensor cartridge to a connector;

[0165] Fig 27 shows a further example of a sensor cartridge;

[0166] Fig 28 shows further views of the sensor cartridge of Fig 27;

[0167] Figs 29, 30, 31, 32 show a further example of a sensor cartridge and how it may be connected to a connector;

[0168] Fig 33 shows an example of an adapter according to the present disclosure;

[0169] Fig 34 shows a rear view of a housing of an adapter;

[0170] Fig 35 shows a side view of a housing of an adapter;

[0171] Fig 36 shows a front view of a housing of an adapter;

[0172] Fig 37 shows an exemplary circuit for powering a heating element of a respiratory system;

[0173] Fig 38 shows an exemplary circuit including a supercapacitor;

[0174] Fig 39 illustrates an example of converting thermistor output voltage to a selected voltage range;

[0175] Fig 40 shows an exemplary circuit that may be used by an adapter of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0176] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a respiratory system 20 that may be used with a patient. Specifically, the respiratory system 20 includes a sensing arrangement 22 that is configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention. The sensing arrangement 22 is illustrated or described in conjunction with the respiratory system 20 in the present disclosure but may find applicability in other applications involving the supply of a gas flow to a user or patient, including but not limited to laparoscopy, ventilation, resuscitation, and the like.

[0177] Referring now to Figure 1 , 2 and 3, the respiratory system 20 comprises a flow source 30. In some applications, the flow source 30 comprises a fan, blower or the like. In some applications, the flow source 30 comprises a ventilator, resuscitator or other positive pressure generating device. The flow source 30 comprises an inlet 32 and an outlet 34. The inlet 32 may be connected to a fixed gas supply, for example a wall mounted gas supply, or a gas supply that receives ambient air.

[0178] In this example, the flow source 30 provides a flow of fluid, such as oxygen, anaesthetic gases, air or the like to a humidification unit 40. The fluid flow passes from the outlet 34 of the flow source 30 to an inlet 42 of the humidification unit 40. In the illustrated configuration, the humidification unit 40 is shown separate of the flow source 30 with the inlet 42 of the humidification unit 40 connected to the outlet 34 of the flow source 30 with a suitable conduit 44. In some applications, the flow source 30 and the humidification unit 40 can be integrated into a single housing or as a single apparatus.

[0179] While other types of humidification units can be used with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the illustrated humidification unit 40 is a pass over humidifier that comprises a humidification chamber 46 and the inlet 42 to the humidification unit 40 comprises an inlet to the humidification chamber 46. In some configurations, the humidification chamber 46 comprises a body 50 with a heat conductive base 52 sealed thereto. A compartment can be defined within the humidification chamber 46. The compartment is adapted to hold a volume of water that can be heated by heat conducted through the heat conductive base 52. In some applications, the base 52 is adapted to contact a heater plate 54. The heater plate 54 can be controlled through a controller 56 or other suitable component such that the heat transferred into the water can be varied.

[0180] In some applications, a liquid level sensing system 222 may be used to detect a level of water within the body. The liquid sensing system 222 includes a sensor electrode 202 positioned on or near an exterior surface of the non-conductive wall 53. The sensor electrode 202 can be made of a conducting material, such as a metal. The sensor electrode 202 can be attached to the non-conducting wall 53 using any conventional means. In some embodiments, the sensor electrode 202 is removably attached to the non-conducting wall 53 to allow repositioning of the sensor electrode 202 or to allow it to be used with a different humidification chamber 46.

[0181] In some configurations, the controller 56 can receive input from a heater plate sensor 80. The heater plate sensor 80 can provide the controller 56 with information regarding the temperature and / or power usage of the heater plate 54. In some configurations, another input to the controller 56 can be a user input component 82. The user input component 82 can comprise a switch, dial, knob, or other suitable control input device, including but not limited to touch screens and the like. The user input component 82 can be operated by the user, a healthcare professional or other person to set a desired temperature of gases to be delivered to the user, a desired humidity level of gases to be delivered or both. In some configurations, the user input component 82 can be operated to control other operating characteristics of the respiratory system 20. For example, the user input component 82 can control heating delivered by the heating element 72 or any desired characteristic of the air flow (e.g., pressure, flow rate, etc.).

[0182] With reference to Figure 2, in the illustrated configuration, the body 50 of the humidification chamber 46 comprises an inlet port 60 that defines the inlet 42 and the body 50 also comprises an outlet port 62 that defines an outlet 64 of the humidification chamber 46. As water contained within the humidification chamber 46 is heated, water vapor is mixed with gases introduced into the humidification chamber 46 through the inlet port 60. The mixture of gases and water vapor exits the humidification chamber 46 through the outlet port 62.

[0183] With reference again to Figure 1 , an inspiratory conduit 70 or other suitable gases transportation pathway can be connected to the outlet 64 that is defined by the outlet port 62 of the humidification unit 40. The conduit 70 conveys the gas flow to the user. A heating element 72 may be positioned along at least a portion of the conduit 70. The heating element 72 can raise or maintain the temperature of the gas flow being conveyed by the conduit 70. In some configurations, the heating element 72 can be a wire that defines a resistance heater. Other configurations are possible.

[0184] An interface 74 can be provided near a patient's end of the conduit 70. In the illustrated configuration, the interface 74 comprises a mask that is arranged to deliver the gas flow to the patient. Other suitable interfaces may also be used. Examples of non-invasive patient interfaces include:• total-face masks, sealing around the patient's eyes, nose and mouth;• full-face masks, sealing around the patient's nose and mouth;• nasal masks, sealing around the patient's nose;• compact nasal masks, sealing with an underside of the patient's nose around the nares;• nasal pillows interfaces, sealing with each of the patient's nares;• sealing nasal cannulae, sealing inside each of the patient's nares;• unsealed nasal cannulae, extending into the patient's nares without occluding the nasal passages;• oral masks, sealing around the patient's mouth;• hybrid masks, combining a compact nasal mask, nasal pillows interface or nasal cannulae with an oral mask; and• combinations of the above (such as nasal cannulae with a full-face mask).

[0185] Examples of invasive patient interfaces include endotracheal tubes, and tracheostomy tubes.

[0186] The controller 56 of the humidification unit 40 can control operation of various components of the respiratory system 20. While the illustrated configuration is shown with a single controller 56, multiple controllers can be used in other configurations. In some configurations the controller 56 may comprise a microprocessor, a processor or logic circuitry with associated memory or storage that contains software code for a computer program. In such configurations, the controller 56 can control operation of the respiratory system 20 in accordance with pre-programed instructions, and / or also in response to external inputs, such as flow rate, temperature, pressure, patient's response, and similar thereof.

[0187] In some applications, the controller 56 is arranged to receive or obtain input from the sensing arrangement 22. In one example, the sensing arrangement 22 comprises a flow sensor 84 and at least one temperature sensor 86. Any suitable flow sensor 84 can be used and any suitable temperature sensor 86 can be used. In some configurations, the flow sensor 84 can include a temperature sensor 86.

[0188] In at least some configurations, when in use, a flow sensor 84 is positioned between the gas flow source 30 and the humidification chamber 46. For example, the flow sensor 84 can be positioned at the inlet port 60 of the humidification chamber 46. Alternatively, the flow sensor 84 can be positioned at the outlet port 62 of the humidification chamber 46. In some configurations, the flow sensor 84 can be positioned on a connector used to fluidly couple a conduit to the inlet port 60 or the outlet port 62, or it may be positioned on a connector 73 that connects the inspiratory conduit 70 to the patient interface 74. The flow sensor 84 can also be positioned at any other desirable locations of the respiratory system 20.

[0189] Generally, it is desirable to monitor the temperature of gases delivered to a patient during therapy with a temperature sensor. In at least some configurations, when in use, the temperature sensor 86 can be positioned between the humidification chamber 46 and the interface 74. In some applications, the temperature sensor 86 can be positioned near the patient end between the inspiratory conduit 70 and the patient interface 74, for example in connector 73. In the illustrated configurations, the temperature sensor 86 is positioned at the outlet port 62 of the humidification chamber 46. The temperature sensor 86 also can be positioned at any other desirable locations of the respiratory system 20.

[0190] At least a portion of the sensors 84, 86 can be mounted outside of a flow path defined through the respiratory system 20. In some configurations, one or more of the sensors 84, 86 are configured for insertion and removal from the flow path without directly accessing the flow path through the respiratory system 20. That is, one or more sensors 84, 86 are configured to sense one or more characteristics of the gas flow through a portion of the flow path through the respiratory system 20 while remaining pneumatically sealed from the flow path.

[0191] To simplify the mounting of the sensors 84, 86, in some applications a sensor cartridge 600 may be used. The sensor cartridge 600 can hold the sensors 84, 86 and comprises a suitable connection mechanism enabling the sensor cartridge 600 to be mounted to a desirable location of the respiratory system 20, as will be described below.

[0192] With reference to Figure 2, in the illustrated configuration, the inlet port 60 comprises an aperture 90. The aperture 90 extends through a wall of the inlet port 60 and provides a sensing port through the wall of the inlet port 60. Similarly, in the illustrated configuration, the outlet port 62 comprises an aperture 92. The aperture 92 extends through a wall of the outlet port 62 and provides a sensing port through the wall of the outlet port 62. In some configurations, the aperture 90 and the aperture 92 is each defined around a cylinder with an axis and the axes extend generally parallel with each other. In addition, while the illustrated configurations position the apertures 90, 92 at the inlet port 60 and the outlet port 62 of the humidification chamber 46 respectively, one or more of the apertures can be positioned in any other locations of the respiratory system 20.

[0193] Fig 3 shows another example of a respiratory system 20 that may be used to provide a gas flow to a patient or a user. The respiratory system 20 comprises a humidification unit 40, supported by a fixed or mobile structure such as a vertically standing pole 800. The humidification unit 40 again includes an inlet 42, and an outlet 64. An inspiratory conduit 70 may be fluidly coupled to the outlet of the humidification unit 40 via a suitable connector 100. In thisconfiguration, one or more sensing ports (not shown) may be directly formed in a wall of the connector 100, to allow sensing of the gas flow through the connector 100 by one or more sensors, as will be described below. In other embodiments, one or more sensing ports may be formed at other locations of the respiratory system 20 as required to obtain measurements indicative of the characteristics of the gas flow, such as flow rate, temperature, pressure, humidity, and similar thereof. For example, the sensing ports may be located in an inspiratory conduit (70), and / or in an expiratory conduit. Additionally, or alternatively, they may be located in close proximity to the humidification unit 40, or in a cuff connector near the patient end, in a patient interface, in a therapy device, and / or any other suitable locations as required by the respiratory system 20.

[0194] According to the present disclosure, a barrier may be used to isolate one or more sensors from the gas flow of the respiratory system 20, to prevent or reduce contamination of the one or more sensors, while still allowing the one or more sensors to perform measurements. When in use, the barrier pneumatically seals the sensing ports, preventing gas, water vapour and any other contaminants from exiting through the sensing ports. In at least some configurations, the barrier can be formed from a material that is flexible, elastomeric, stretchable, and / or deformable, such as silicone, polyethylene, thermoplastic polyurethane, or similar thereof.Barrier

[0195] Fig 4 shows a side perspective view of the connector 100 disconnected from the respiratory system 20, and an example of a barrier 200 according to the present disclosure. In this example, two sensing ports 102, 104 are formed in a side wall of the connector 100, allowing access of sensors to the gas flow that passes through the connector 100.

[0196] Fig 5 shows a cross sectional schematic diagram of an exemplary barrier 200 in a relaxed state (i.e. before sensor insertion). The barrier 200 includes two receiving portions 210, 212, located on an underside of the barrier 200, each of which is configured to receive a sensor, or a sensing portion of a sensor, for example a sensing probe (not shown). A mounting portion 206 defines a plane of the barrier, extending from a base of the receiving portions 210, 212, and is used to mount the barrier 200 in an operating position as will be explained below. In other examples, the barrier 200 may be configured to include any number of receiving portions 210, 212 depending on the number of sensors required and sensor configuration.

[0197] Before the insertion of sensors, the receiving portions 210, 212 may be of a generally frustoconical shape, and each comprises a wall made from a flexible material. According to the present disclosure, the wall of the receiving portions 210, 212 may include a base region 214, a side region 216, and a tip region 218. The regions 214, 216, 218 are each configured to deform differently when sensors are inserted into the respective receiving portions 210, 212. One way of controlling the deformation characteristics of the various regions is by choosing suitable thicknesses of the wall that forms these regions. For example, when in a relaxed state, the thicknesses of these regions can be configured such that the base region 214 has a thickness Ti, the side region 216 has a tapering thickness T2, thinning gradually towards the tip region 218, and the tip region 218 is of a substantially uniform thickness T3 that is thinner than both the side and the base regions 216, 214.

[0198] In some configurations, the side region 216 may also be configured to have a substantially uniform thickness. In some configurations, the side region 216 and the tip region 218 may have a substantially similar thickness.

[0199] As shown, the tip region 218 is configurated to have a dome shape, similar to the shape profile of a tip of the sensor. As the sensor is inserted into the receiving portions 210, 212, a first contact forms between the tip of the sensor, and the tip region 218. As the tip region 218 and the tip of the sensor share a similar shape profile, the tip region 218 wraps around and conforms to the tip of the sensor, with minimal or substantially no stretching of the tip region 218. This ensures that the thin uniform thickness of the tip region 218 is retained, even after the sensor is inserted into the receiving portions 210, 212.

[0200] In at least some examples, when in a relaxed state, a vertical height H of the receiving portions 210, 212 is less than a length of the sensor to be inserted into the receiving portions 210, 212. As the sensor is moved further into the receiving portions 210, 212, the side region 216 of the barrier 200 starts to deform or stretch elastically, to conform to side walls of the sensor. This stretching can cause the thickness of the side region 216 to reduce. However, the thickness of the tip region 218 is substantially maintained, that is, the tip region 218 does not stretch as the sensor is inserted, due to frictional forces between the tip region 218 and the tip of the sensor.

[0201] Figure 6 illustrates two sensors 310, 312 that have been inserted into the receiving portions 210, 212 respectively. Each sensor 310, 312 may comprise an elongate body with a circular flange 315 at the base. After the sensors 310, 312 are fully inserted into the barrier 200, the flange 315 contacts a retainer 400 which is configured to apply a compression force to themounting portion 206 and to retain the mounting portion 206 in its operating position. Further details of the retainer 400 will be provided below.

[0202] The sensors 310, 312 are isolated from the gas flow by the barrier 200 such that the sensors 310, 312 are protected against contamination from the flow, which reduces the risk of cross patient contamination when the sensors 310, 312 are used for multiple patients. When the sensors 310, 312 are fully inserted into the receiving portion 210, 212, the barrier 200 conforms to the sensors 310, 312 across the tip of the sensors at the tip region 218. The barrier 200 additionally conforms to the sensors 310, 312 along the side region 216, for at least part of its length. In this example, the sensor 310 may be a temperature sensor, whereas the sensor 312 may be a flow sensor. Although the configurations of the two sensors are different, the receiving portions 210, 212 are able to accommodate both sensors 310, 312 while allowing a sufficient contact between the sensors 310, 312 and the receiving portions 210, 212 to ensure accurate measurements can be taken by these sensors 310, 312. The receiving portions 210 and 212 can be configured to have different profiles to accommodate variations in sensor shape between the flow and temperature sensor, or other sensors used.

[0203] In some sensors, the tip of a sensor may be configured to perform the sensing function, whereas for other sensors, the length of sensor that is received within the receiving portions 210, 212 may be used for the sensing function. For sensors that at least partly rely on the length of the body to perform its sensing function, any air bubbles that may become trapped between the sensor and the wall of the receiving portions 210, 212 can act as a thermal insulation, affecting accuracy of the measurements. This is especially the case for some temperature sensors. According to the present disclosure, as the sensors 310, 312 contact the receiving portions 210, 212 from the tip first, when they are inserted into the respective receiving portions 210, 212, the risk of having air bubbles trapped between the receiving portions 210, 212 and the sensors 310, 312 is reduced or minimised.

[0204] Generally speaking, when a sensor is inserted into a gas flow path, it creates a new thermal conductive path caused by the solid body of the sensor. Heat can be conducted away from the sensing tip via the solid body to the outer atmosphere. This may lead to inaccurate temperature measurement as the tip of the sensor can measure a temperature that is different to the temperature of the gas flow. As such, it is desirable for the sensor tip and sensor body to come to thermal equilibrium with the environment being sensed. This is why it is important to ensure no air bubbles are formed along the sensor body, such that the sensor body is subject to minimal thermal insulation from the gas flow path.

[0205] The mounting portion 206 of the barrier 200 is configured for mounting the barrier 200 in an operating position. It is formed as a flange and comprises a sealing member 220 that assists with creating a pneumatic seal between the gas flow path and ambient air. The sealing member 220 is configured to fit in a corresponding recess 221 , which may be formed in the connector 100 or in another component of the respiratory system 20 where the barrier 200 is to be placed in its operating position. In at least some applications, the mounting portion 206 of the barrier 200 is adapted to be sandwiched between a surface of the connector 100 and a retainer 400 as indicated in Fig 6. Preferably, the sealing member 220 extends substantially around a perimeter of the mounting portion 206 of the barrier 200, encircling both receiving portions 210, 212, such as illustrated in Fig 7, which shows an underside of the barrier 200. In other examples, a sealing member 220 may be provided for each receiving portion 210, 212 of the barrier 200. In an alternative embodiment, the recess 221 may be formed in a surface of the retainer 400, instead of being formed in the connector 100.

[0206] With reference to Fig 6, the sealing member 220 may extend in the same direction as the receiving portions 210, 212. In at least some configurations, the dimension of the sealing member 220 is configured to be greater than the dimension of the recess 221 that receives the sealing member 220, such that the sealing member 220 is compressed by the retainer 400 as it is fitted into the corresponding recess. By way of example, the length, or height of the sealing member 220 in the vertical direction may be greater than the depth of the recess 221. This ensures that the sealing member 220 is compressed along the vertical direction when assembled. Alternatively or in addition, the width of the sealing member 220 in the horizontal directional may also be greater than the width of the recess 221. Due to the barrier 200 being formed from a flexible and deformable material, the sealing member 220 is compressed as it fits into the recess 221, and / or as the retainer is fitted to the connector. Other forms of pneumatic sealing arrangement may also be used between the barrier 200 and the connector 100, or other components of the respiratory system 20.

[0207] When the sensors 310, 312 are inserted into the receiving portions 210, 212, the receiving portions 210, 212 deform, as described above. This has a potential effect of pulling the base region 214 of the receiving portions 210, 212 inwards towards the tip of the sensors 310, 312. According to the present disclosure, the mounting portion 206 additionally includes a buffering member 240, provided to at least partially isolate, or reduce the deformation of the receiving portions 210, 212, from being translated to the sealing member 220, thereby weakening the pneumatic seal created by the sealing member 220. That is, when sensors 310, 312 are inserted into the receiving portions 210, 212, the buffering member 240 prevents or reduces deformation of the sealing member 220.

[0208] An example of a buffering member 240 is illustrated in Figs 5-7. The buffering member 240 is adjacent to an opening of the receiving portions 210, 212, and preferably extends around the opening of each of the receiving portions 210, 212. Figure 7 shows where the sealing member 220 and the buffering member 240 may be located in the mounting portion 206.

[0209] In some configurations, the buffering member 240 can comprise a protruding portion, such as a ring, formed on a lower surface of mounting portion 206. The buffering member 240 extends in the same downward direction as the receiving portions 210, 212. The ring may be concentric with the opening of the relevant receiving portions 210, 212. This ensures even force distribution of the deformation of the receiving portions 210, 212 when sensors 310, 312 are being inserted therein. When putting the barrier 200 in the operating position, the buffering member 240 may also be arranged to fit into a corresponding recess 241 , either formed in the connector 100 or in another device of the respiratory system 20. Unlike the sealing member 220, the dimensions of the buffering member 240 are chosen such that it is not compressed, or compressed very minimally, when it fits into the recess 241.

[0210] One of the reasons that the buffering member 240 assists with isolating the deformation from the sealing member is due to the interaction between the buffering member 240 and the recess 241 that it fits in. As the sensors 310, 312 are inserted into their respective receiving portions 210, 212, the buffering member 240 is pulled radially inwards, but restricted from deforming inwards due to the side wall of recess 241. This prevents the sealing member 220 from experiencing forces associated with sensor insertion which stretches the receiving portions 210, 212.

[0211] In addition, the mounting portion 206 comprises a connecting region 230 that extends in a horizontal direction between the buffering member 240 and the sealing member 220. The connecting region 230 is not compressed, or compressed minimally, as the barrier 200 is sandwiched in its operating position by the retainer 400. As the connecting region 230 has a reduced thickness compared to the sealing member 220, it will preferentially stretch / deform which provides further damping for any motion in the sealing member 220.

[0212] Exemplary dimensions of the barrier 200 are illustrated in Figures 8 to 12. It will be understood that these dimensions are provided as examples only in accordance with the specific sensors used, which can vary if different sensors are used. Figure 12 shows exemplary dimensions of recesses 221 , 241 that are arranged to receive the sealing member 220 and buffering member 240 respectively. As mentioned above, the sealing member 220 is compressed by the retainer 400 as it fits into its corresponding recess 221 to improve sealing.The height of the sealing member 220 is 0.9mm, which is slightly larger than the height of the recess 221 (0.7mm). This ensures the sealing member 220 is compressed by about 0.2mm as the retainer 400 mounts the barrier 200 in position. In preferred embodiments, the sealing member 220 is compressed to about 80%, or 75-80%, or 70-90% of its original height as it is located into the recess 221 and the retainer 400 is fitted. In comparison, the height of the buffering member 240 is the same as the recess 241 , both of which are 0.4mm.

[0213] In one example, a sensor may be a temperature sensor. The sensor may have a length of 15.9 mm from the flange 315 to the tip of the sensor. In some examples, the sensor flange 315 may have the same diameter as the outer diameter of the buffering member 240. In one example, the flange 315 may have a diameter of 9 mm. The sensor tip may have a radius of 1.6 to 1.7 mm. In one example, the thickness of the retainer 400 is 2.6mm.

[0214] In one example, a sensor may be a flow sensor. The sensor may have a length of 16.3 to 16.6 mm from the flange 315 to the tip of the sensor (length of base plus length of thermistor bead). In some examples, the sensor flange 315 may have the same diameter as the outer diameter of the buffering member 240. In one example, the flange may have a diameter of 9 mm. The sensor tip may have a radius of 1.0 to 1.1 mm.

[0215] In some configurations, the receiving portions 210, 212 are configured to stretch by a distance of 8mm to 20mm, or 10mm to 18mm, or 13mm to 14mm, to accommodate the length of the sensors 310, 312.

[0216] In some examples, each receiving portion 210, 212 is configured to stretch to approximately 170% to 180% of its original length when the sensors 310, 312 are inserted. In some examples, each receiving portion is configured to stretch to approximately 150% to 200% of its original length when the sensors 310, 312 are inserted. In some examples, each receiving portion is configured to stretch to approximately 120% to 300% of its original length when the sensors 310, 312 are inserted. In some examples, each receiving portion is configured to stretch to approximately 120% to 500% of its original length when the sensors 310, 312 are inserted.

[0217] In one example, the unstretched vertical length H of each receiving portion 210, 212 of the barrier is 7.7mm. Each receiving portion 210, 212 may stretch to a total length of 13mm to 14mm when the sensors 310, 312 are fully inserted.

[0218] In the embodiment described above, the walls of the receiving portions 210, 212 are constructed to have different thicknesses in different regions, with the tip region 218 being the thinnest and the base region 214 being the thickest. Figure 13 shows an alternative example, in which the receiving portions 210, 212 are configured to have a substantially uniform thickness across the tip region 218, the side region 216, and the base region 214, when in a relaxed state.

[0219] Fig 14 shows a further example of a barrier 200 according to the present disclosure, when in a relaxed state. In this configuration the receiving portions 210, 212 are not preformed to have a hollow cavity that receives the sensors 310, 312. Instead, the receiving portions 210, 212 are substantially flat when in a relaxed state.

[0220] In the examples shown in Figs 13 and 14, the side region 216 still stretches preferentially as the sensors 310, 312 are inserted. The tip region 218 stretches less due to the friction when in contact with the tip of the sensors 310, 312.Retainer

[0221] As mentioned above, a suitable retainer may be used to mount the barrier 200 in a suitable operating position of the respiratory system 20, and ensures that the barrier 200 is maintained in that position without accidental disengagement during its use. Fig 15 shows an example of such retainer 400.

[0222] Similar to previous embodiments, the barrier 200 is configured to be used with a connector 100 of a respiratory system 20. It will be appreciated that the barrier 200 may be used with other components of the respiratory system 20 where one or more sensing ports are located. The connector 100 may be used to fluidly connect an outlet of a respiratory apparatus, for example a humidification unit 40, to an inspiratory conduit 70 that transports a gas flow to a patient. Alternatively, the connector 100 may also be used to connect an inspiratory conduit 70 to a tube proximal to the patient interface 74, particularly when the one or more sensing ports are located closer to the patient end.

[0223] The retainer 400 includes a body 410 and a pair of arms 402, 404 extending outwardly from each side the body 410 in opposite directions. The arms 402, 404 may include a curve shape in order to conform to the contour of the cylindrical body 101 of the connector 100. The body 410 can be of a similar shape as the mounting portion 206 of the barrier 200, and includes two openings 412, 414 that align with openings of the receiving portions 210, 212 after the retainer 400 secures the barrier 200 into position. Depending on the sensors 310, 312 and thebarrier 200 used, the body 410 can be provided with any number of openings (e.g. a single opening for a single sensor arrangement, or more than two openings if multiple sensors or sensors with multiple sensing probes are required). The pair of arms 402, 404 are configured such that they engage a retaining structure of the connector 100. In this particular arrangement, each of the arms 402, 404 includes an engagement portion 406, 408, located at an end of the arm 402, 404, that is configured to engage with a complimentary retaining member 418 of the connector 100.

[0224] Fig 16 shows the barrier 200 being mounted in position by the retainer 400. Depending on where the barrier 200 may be placed within the respiratory system, different forms of retainer 400 may also be used. In at least one configuration, the retainer 400 is configured without a release mechanism, such that it permanently mounts the sensor barrier 200 in a desired position, and the retainer 400 cannot be released once engaged. This reduces the risk of the retainer 400 and barrier 200 being unintentionally removed from the connector 100 before or during use. In another configuration, the retainer 400 is configured with a release mechanism (not shown), such that it releasably mounts the sensor barrier 200 in the desired position. This may allow for replacement of the barrier 200.

[0225] The retainer 400 and its retaining mechanism are configured such that as the retainer 400 is mounted in position, it applies a uniform compression force to the barrier 200 across its mounting region 206 to ensure it is tightly sandwiched between the retainer 400 and the connector 100. The compression of the barrier 200 helps to maintain the sealing member 220 and the buffering member 240 in their corresponding recesses during and after sensor insertion.

[0226] As mentioned previously, electrical connections may be required for heating elements or sensors of the respiratory system to supply the power required or to communicate measurements of the sensors to a controller. In one form, such electrical connections may be provided via a printed circuit board (PCB) 500. In this regard, an alternative configuration of a retainer is shown in Fig 17. A front side of the retainer 400 includes a recessed space 401, suitable for receiving a printed circuit board (PCB) 500 via an elongate slot 422. A retaining portion 420 then assists with maintaining the PCB 500 within the recessed space 401 of the retainer 400.

[0227] The PCB 500 is generally of a thin and flat shape as shown in Fig 17, and comprises a body 530, and a contacts region 520. One or more apertures 502, 504 extend through the body 530 of the PCB 500. These apertures 502, 504 are positioned in the body 530 of the PCB 500 such that their positions align with the corresponding openings 412, 414 of the retainer 400 afterthe PCB 500 is inserted into the recessed space 401 of the retainer 400. When assembled, the one or more apertures 502, 504 of the PCB align with the one or more openings 412, 414 of the retainer 400, the one or more sensing ports 102, 104 of the connector 100, and the one or more receiving portions 210, 212 of the barrier 200. This allows easy access of the receiving portions 210, 212 of the barrier 200.

[0228] The contacts region 520 is provided with electrical contacts for making connections to heating elements and / or sensors of the respiratory system 20. These electrical contacts may be configured to connect to heating elements located in a conduit of the inspiratory circuit 70.

[0229] The PCB 500 additionally comprises four electrical contacts 510, 511, 512, 513. Two of these electrical contacts may be arranged to electrically connect to a heating element of the respiratory system, whereas the other two electrical contacts may be arranged to electrically connect to a sensor.

[0230] In the embodiment shown in Fig 17, the electrical contacts 510, 511, 512, 513 are arranged in a grid formation, and are formed in symmetrical locations across the body 530. This means that when other electrical contacts press against the electrical contacts 510, 511, 512, 513, a symmetrical force distribution is achieved. The symmetrical arrangement of the electrical contacts 510-513 can also assist with maintaining the uniform compression force applied to the barrier 200 by the retainer 400, such that sensing operation and position of the sensors 310, 312 is not interfered with. The distance between contacts 510, 511, 512, 513 further minimises the risk of dendrite growth, electrolysis occurring between contacts, or short circuiting due to moisture build up. Figure 18 shows a side view of the connector 100 with the retainer 400 and the PCB 500 both attached to its side.

[0231] Fig 19 shows an alternative configuration of a retainer 400 and a PCB 500, where the PCB 500 and the retainer 400 are not in an overlapping position after they are both attached to the connector 100. In this arrangement the PCB 500 can be directly connected to the connector 100. Four electrical contacts 510, 511, 512, 513 are again provided in a body 530 of the PCB 500. In some configurations, the connector 100 may comprise a cover or an overmold that covers at least portion of the various components, such as the contacts region 520. Fig 3 shows an example of an overmold 107 positioned at the end of the inspiratory conduit 70 such that the contacts region 520 is not exposed.Sensor cartridge

[0232] The present disclosure provides a sensor cartridge which facilitates easier set up of sensors and their associated electrical and sensing connections within a respiratory system. Various embodiments of the sensor cartridge are shown in Figs 20 to 32.

[0233] According to the present disclosure, the sensor cartridge is adapted to be connected to a connection region of a respiratory system, wherein the connection region comprises the electrical contacts 510-513 and one or more sensing ports 102, 104 providing an entry into a gas flow path in the respiratory system. The connection of the sensor cartridge to the connection region allows one or more sensors to extend into the gas flow path via the one or more sensing ports 102, 104, while simultaneously establishing electrical and sensing connections for the sensors 310, 312. The sensor cartridge may be used with or without the barrier 200 described above. In some embodiments, the connection of the sensor cartridge also establishes power connections of one or more heating elements located in the inspiratory conduit 70.

[0234] Fig 20 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a sensor cartridge 600. Fig 21 shows the sensor cartridge 600 of Fig 20 being coupled to a side wall of the connector 100. The sensor cartridge 600 may be coupled to other devices or locations of the respiratory system 20 as required.

[0235] With reference to Fig 20 again, one or more openings 602 and 604 are formed in a rear wall 603 of the sensor cartridge 600, through which sensing portions 311 , 313 of the sensors 310, 312 may protrude. The number of openings 602, 604 provided in each sensor cartridge 600 can vary depending on the number of sensors housed within the sensor cartridge 600 and their configuration. A plurality of electrical contacts 610, 611, 612, 613 may also be accessible via the same wall 603 of the sensor cartridge 600. The openings 602, 604, and the electrical contacts 610, 611, 612, 613 are configured such that when the sensor cartridge 600 is coupled to the connector 100, as shown in Fig 21 , the sensing portions 311 , 313 are received within the barrier 200, or extend directly into the sensing ports (if a barrier 200 is not used), and the electrical contacts 610, 611, 612, 613 form an electrical connection with the corresponding electrical contacts 510, 511, 512, 513 formed on the PCB 500, such that suitable power and sensing connections are formed. Importantly, due to the electrical contacts 610-613 being accessible directly from the rear wall 603 of the sensor cartridge 600, an electrical connection can be made by pushing the sensor cartridge 600 towards the corresponding electrical contacts 510-513 of the PCB in a direction that is generally perpendicular to the plane of the PCB 500.

[0236] In at least one embodiment, two of the contacts 610-613 are wired to relay power to one or more heating elements positioned within an inspiratory conduit 70, from the humidification unit 40. That is, electrical power is drawn from the humidification unit 40, by an adaptor 700, and then supplied to the heating elements via the sensor cartridge 600. An example of this powering mechanism is illustrated in Fig 33. The other two of the contacts 610-613 are for providing electrical connection between the humidification unit 40 and sensors in the inspiratory conduit, for example sensors at the patient end. That is, for relaying power and / or communications between the sensors in the inspiratory conduit and the humidification unit 40. The humidification unit 40 is provided with suitable sockets 41 and 43 adapted to connect to cables 710 and 711 respectively. One of the cables 710, 711 can be used to supply power received from the humidification unit 40 to the one or more heating elements in the gas conduit, via the adaptor 700 and the sensor cartridge 600. Another one of the cables 710, 711 can be used for sensing communication between the sensors 310, 312, and / or sensors in the inspiratory conduit, and the humidification unit 40, via the sensor cartridge 600 and the adaptor 700, as will be further explained below.

[0237] Turning back to Fig 20, the sensor cartridge 600 may comprise alignment structures to ensure the sensing portions 311, 313 are inserted into correct apertures during set up, and the electrical contacts 610-613 are aligned with corresponding electrical contacts 510-513. The alignment structures also assist with ensuring the sensing portions 311, 313 enter into the gas flow path at a desired angle, which is generally perpendicular to the direction of gas flow. The alignment structures may include a plurality of arms 620, 621, 622, 623, that extend rearwardly from the wall 603. The arms 620, 621, 622, 623 may be configured to slide into channels 131- 134 formed on the connector 100, an example of which is shown in Fig 19. Preferably, the plurality of arms 620, 621, 622, 623 are arranged asymmetrically. In the example shown in Fig 20, the location of the arm 621 is vertically offset with respect to the location of the arm 620. This ensures that the sensor cartridge 600 can only be attached to the connector 100 when the alignment structures and the channels 131-134 of the connector 100 are properly aligned, thereby ensuring sensing portions 311 and 313 are inserted correctly, as well as avoiding incorrect coupling of the sensor cartridge 600 which may damage the electrical contacts 610, 611, 612, 613.

[0238] A releasable connection may be used to allow the sensor cartridge 600 to be detached from the connector 100 when required. When connected, the releasable connection holds the sensor cartridge 600 in position such that the sensors remain correctly inserted through the sensing ports into the gas flow path and the electrical connections remain connected. The releasable connection resists any reactive forces provided by the barrier and the electricalconnections. Figs 23 and 24 show an example of a connection mechanism that may be used with the sensor cartridge 600. The body of the sensor cartridge 600 is formed by a first member 601 , and a second member 611 , and together they create a hollow interior within which the connection mechanism and the electrical wiring of the sensors 310, 312 may be placed. A suitable access point is formed in the first and / or second member 601, 611 , creating an aperture which allows a releasing member 640, such as a push button, of the connection mechanism to be operated by a user.

[0239] The releasing member 640 may be operatively connected to a biasing member (not shown). Preferably, the biasing member is held in a compressed state, in a spring housing inside the sensor cartridge 600. The compression of the biasing member biases the releasing member 640 in a generally lifted position. The biasing member is also operatively connected to a pair of locking members 630, 631. An angled or bevelled surface 641 is formed at an end of the locking members 630, 631, which allows the locking members 630, 631 to slide on and lock the sensor cartridge 600 in an operating position. If the sensor cartridge 600 is pulled with sufficient force (without pressing the releasing member 640), however, the locking members 630, 631 may disengage to avoid breakage. When the releasing member 640 is depressed, it pushes and slides the locking members 630, 631 away from the retaining member 642 formed on the connector 100, facilitating removal of the sensor cartridge 600 from the connector 100.

[0240] Fig 25 shows an alternative embodiment of a sensor cartridge 600 according to the present disclosure. As illustrated, the releasing member 640 is positioned on a side wall of the sensor cartridge 600. Fig 26 shows a see through side view illustrating how the connection mechanism may operate to lock the sensor cartridge 600 in position and detaching it from the connector 100 when the releasing member 640 is actuated, for example, by pressing. Similar to the embodiment illustrated in Figs 22-24, pressing the releasing member 640 lifts and moves the angled surface 641 away from the retaining member 642 of the connector 100, thereby disconnecting the sensor cartridge 600 from the connector 100. As the angled surface 641 engages the retaining member 642 of the connector 100, it pulls the sensor cartridge 600 towards the connector 100 and holds it in that position when in use.

[0241] Fig 27 and 28 show a further embodiment of a sensor cartridge 600. In the examples shown above, the sensor cartridge 600 is generally formed in a rectangular shape with substantially flat side walls. The alternative embodiment shown in Fig 27 and 28 uses a different shaped sensor cartridge 600, that comprises a rectangular shaped lower portion and an approximately triangular shaped upper portion. The upper portion is configured such that it is asymmetric. For example, the upper portion includes a flat side wall on one side, and a curvedside wall on the opposite side. The asymmetry of the sensor cartridge 600 ensures that the sensor cartridge 600 alignment is user intuitive and cannot be attached to the connection region incorrectly.

[0242] In this embodiment, the connector 100 comprises a receptacle 103 that has a similar cross sectional shape as the sensor cartridge 600. The sensor cartridge 600 may be coupled to the connector 100, by pushing the sensor cartridge 600 towards the receptacle 103 in the direction indicated by the arrow, such that the receptacle 103 overlaps and fits inside the side walls of the sensor cartridge 600, forming a 'double wall' arrangement as illustrated in Fig 28. The overlapping configuration reduces the risk of moisture ingress in the sensor cartridge 600, which may interfere with sensing functions of the sensors.

[0243] Preferably, the receptacle 103 comprises two protrusions 105, 106 configured to fit into corresponding recessed space 607, 617 on either side of the sensor cartridge 600, as the sensor cartridge 600 is inserted into the receptacle 103. Alternatively, the protrusions 105, 106 may be formed in the sensor cartridge 600 and the recessed space may be formed in the connector 100 instead.

[0244] In another embodiment, the sensor cartridge 600 may be formed in a circular shape, as illustrated in Figs 29, 30, 31, 32. The sensor cartridge 600 comprises one or more alignment members 618, 619 that assist with correct alignment of the sensor cartridge 600 with respect to the connection region, or the portion of the connector 100 where a coupling is to be made. Preferably, the alignment members 618, 619 are formed on either side of the circular sensor cartridge 600 and have different widths. Alternatively, or in addition, a ridge 609 may be formed on one of the alignment members 618. When inserting the sensor cartridge 600 into the connector 100, the ridge 609 is configured to be slidably inserted into a gap 109 of the connector 100, ensuring correct positioning of the sensor cartridge 600.

[0245] It will be appreciated that other forms of alignment members and coupling mechanism may be used for the sensor cartridge 600, and not necessarily limited to the examples illustrated in the figures. In another embodiment, the sensor cartridge 600 may comprise two levered clips (not shown), and pinching the distal ends of the clips levers them away from hooks for disconnection from the connector 100. Alternatively, the sensor cartridge 600 may be configured such that it is twisted by a user to connect to or disconnect from the connector 100. In yet another embodiment, the sensor cartridge 600 may comprise side arms and squeezing of the side arms causes the sensor cartridge 600 to disengage from the connector 100.Adapter

[0246] Depending on the configuration of the sensors 310, 312, in some cases the sensor cartridge 600 will need to be able to communicate with a controller to transmit data indicative of sensor measurements, enabling the controller to manage operation of devices of the respiratory system, such as one or more heating elements. Furthermore, the sensor cartridge 600 may also need to relay power to one or more heating elements and / or sensors held by the sensor cartridge 600 or accommodated within an inspiratory conduit (for example, patient end sensors), and therefore may need to be connected to a power source. In some cases, the sensor cartridge 600 may receive power from a respiratory device, such as a humidification unit, and power can be provided through a wired connection that also enables sensing signal communication.

[0247] The present disclosure provides an adaptor that is configured to relay information and power as required.

[0248] An example of an adaptor 700 is shown in Fig 3, and Fig 33 to 36. Fig 3 shows that the adaptor 700 is supported on a vertical pole 800. A suitable coupling mechanism may be used to removably mount the humidification unit 40 to the adaptor 700, such that they are both supported by the pole 800. In another embodiment, the adapter 700 or humidification unit 40 may be placed on a stable surface instead.

[0249] Fig 33 shows a close up view of the adapter 700, isolated from the humidification unit 40 and the pole 800. The adapter 700 comprises an adapter housing 702, within which a controller of the adapter 700 may be placed. Electrical wirings or cables can be connected to the controller via apertures 706, 707. In at least one embodiment, an electrical cable 708 establishes an electrical connection between the adaptor 700 and components housed within the sensor cartridge 600. For example, power to the heating elements may be provided by electrical cable 710, by plugging it into a suitable port of the humidification unit 40. Sensing communication between the sensors and the humidification unit 40 can be established by a further cable 711. A retaining member 704, for example a bracket, can be formed on a wall of the adapter housing 702. The bracket receives an engagement member (not shown) of the humidification unit 40, so that the humidification unit 40 is mounted to the adaptor 700. A similar engagement member 705 may also be provided on a wall of the adapter 700, allowing it to be mounted to a bracket of the pole 800.Heater wire control

[0250] In some applications, a therapy device, such as the humidification unit 40, is configured to power and control the one or more heating elements positioned in or around the gas flow path. The heating elements may be heater wires accommodated within conduits of the respiratory system. The adaptor 700 may be configured to transmit power from the therapy device to the heating elements through electrical contacts in the sensor cartridge 600.

[0251] Fig 37 shows an example of a block diagram that may be used to implement control of the heating elements. In some embodiments, the heating elements can be heater wires accommodated within an inspiratory conduit of the respiratory system 20. The controller of the adaptor 700 may comprise a transient current detection and over current detection circuit, which may be configured to activate a switch that disconnects the heating elements from the humidification unit 40, when transient currents or over currents are detected. In some embodiments, the adaptor 700 may also comprise transient voltage protection circuit.Adaptor power

[0252] In one embodiment, the adaptor 700 requires a power source to power components of the adaptor 700 such as the microcontroller. Alternatively, the therapy device may provide power to the heating elements. This power provided by the therapy device may also be used to power the adaptor 700. In yet another embodiment, the adaptor 700 may alternatively be powered independently, such as through a battery or dedicated power supply. In one embodiment, the adaptor may receive power through a wired electrical connection to the heating element power supply.

[0253] In some breathing circuits, the heating element electrical circuits are balanced so as to minimize any voltage occurring at the patient end of the circuit, such that sensitive monitoring equipment is not impacted by the generation of magnetic fields. Connecting the adaptor 700 to the power with a direct electrical connection can impact this balance. It may therefore be advantageous for the adaptor 700 to receive power from the device power supply using an isolated power supply configuration rather than a direct electrical connection. This ensures that the balance of the heating element circuits is not affected by the adaptor electrical systems.

[0254] The power delivered to the heating elements may be stopped for a variety of reasons, for example the temperature in the conduit has exceeded a threshold or over-currents or overvoltages are detected. In embodiments where the adaptor 700 receives power from the samepower source as the heating elements, the adaptor 700 would lose this power source when it is turned off for the above reasons. It is important that the adaptor 700 continues to communicate sensor readings to the therapy device after this point, so that the device can determine when it is safe to resume control of power delivery to the heating elements. In one form, the adaptor 700 may comprise a supercapacitor that is able to power the adaptor upon loss of power delivered by the therapy device. The supercapacitor is charged during normal operation such that it is able to power the adaptor 700 for a period of time when the power source is turned off. In some embodiments, the supercapacitor is able to power the adaptor for a period of at least 10 minutes. Fig 38 shows an exemplary block diagram indicating how the adaptor 700, including a supercapacitor 760, may be connected.Thermistor conversion

[0255] Respiratory therapy devices such as the humidification unit 40 may be configured to receive sensing measurements from certain types, specifications or configurations of sensors. In one example, the humidification unit 40 may be configured to receive voltage information from a thermistor located at the patient end cuff of an inspiratory conduit. This voltage information is used to determine the temperature of gases at this location.

[0256] In an example, the humidification unit 40 may be configured to receive information from a 2k252 thermistor (which has a resistance of 2252 ohms at 25°C). In some applications, it may be desirable to instead use a patient end connector that comprises a 10k thermistor (which has a resistance of 10k ohms at 25°C). As the humidification unit 40 is configured to be compatible only with the 2k252 thermistor, a conversion must occur for an accurate reading of temperature from the 10k thermistor.

[0257] The adaptor microcontroller can perform the required conversion that allows the output of the sensor used to be compatible with the therapy device configuration, without requiring any change in configuration of the therapy device such as the humidification unit 40. To perform this conversion, the microcontroller may use look-up tables to convert signals from the sensor into the range of values that the therapy device is configured to read. The adaptor 700 may comprise various electrical components used in this process such as:• analogue to digital conversion (ADC) of the thermistor voltage data signal amplification• voltage scaling• digital to analogue conversion (DAC)

[0258] It is important that the thermistor conversion is performed accurately by the microcontroller, as the delivery of incorrect sensor information to the therapy device could cause safety issues relating to the control of power supplied to the heating elements. The adaptor 700 may thus optionally contain a hard wired circuit to independently check that the thermistor conversion is operating as intended. In one embodiment, this circuit uses hardware to amplify both the raw signal from the thermistor and the converted signal by the microprocessor, such that the temperature-voltage curve takes similar values for both signals over the operating temperature range. These signals are then compared, and if the difference between them exceeds a threshold, a switch is activated that prevents the converted signal information from being sent to the therapy device. This provides a safety check that prevents the microcontroller from sending incorrect sensor information to the therapy device. Figure 39 shows the voltages of a raw signal 780 from a 10k thermistor across a range of temperatures, and the voltages of a converted signal 770 (equivalent to that of a 2k252 thermistor) outputted by the microprocessor across a range of temperatures. After amplification by the hardware circuit, an amplified raw signal 791 and an amplified converted signal 790 have a similar voltage curve over operating temperatures. Any difference between the amplified raw signal and the amplified converted signal of the hard wired circuit indicates that the microcontroller is incorrectly converting the raw signal from the 10k thermistor such that it does not accurately equate to a 2k252 thermistor reading. As such, the switch is activated by the hard wired circuit that prevents the converted signal information from being sent from the microcontroller to the therapy device. Fig 40 is a block diagram showing circuitry of the adaptor, including the microcontroller and components that assist with voltage conversion and independent safety checks.Terminology

[0259] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise”, “comprising”, and the like, are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”. Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and / or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and / or states arein any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and / or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.

[0260] The term “plurality” refers to two or more of an item. Recitations of quantities, dimensions, sizes, formulations, parameters, shapes and other characteristics should be construed as if the term “about” or “approximately” precedes the quantity, dimension, size, formulation, parameter, shape or other characteristic. The terms “about” or “approximately” mean that quantities, dimensions, sizes, formulations, parameters, shapes and other characteristics need not be exact, but may be approximated and / or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting acceptable tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like and other factors known to those of skill in the art. Recitations of quantities, dimensions, sizes, formulations, parameters, shapes and other characteristics should also be construed as if the term “substantially” precedes the quantity, dimension, size, formulation, parameter, shape or other characteristic. The terms “approximately,” “about,” and “substantially” as used herein represent an amount close to the stated amount that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, in some embodiments, as the context may dictate, the terms “approximately”, “about”, and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than or equal to 10% of the stated amount. The term “generally” as used herein represents a value, amount, or characteristic that predominantly includes, or tends toward, a particular value, amount, or characteristic. For example, as the context may dictate, the term “generally linear” can mean something that departs from exactly parallel by less than or equal to 15°.

[0261] Numerical data may be expressed or presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and thus should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also interpreted to include all of the individual numerical values or subranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. As an illustration, a numerical range of “1 to 5” should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited values of about 1 to about 5, but should also be interpreted to also include individual values and sub-ranges within the indicated range. Thus, included in this numerical range are individual values such as 2, 3 and 4 and sub-ranges such as “1 to 3,” “2 to 4” and “3 to 5,” etc. This same principle applies to ranges reciting only one numerical value (e.g., “greater than 1”) and should apply regardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristics being described.

[0262] A plurality of items may be presented in a common list for convenience. However, these lists should be construed as though each member of the list is individually identified as a separate and unique member. Thus, no individual member of such list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of any other member of the same list solely based on their presentation in a common group without indications to the contrary. Furthermore, where the terms “and” and “or” are used in conjunction with a list of items, they are to be interpreted broadly, in that any one or more of the listed items may be used alone or in combination with other listed items. The term “alternatively” refers to selection of one of two or more alternatives, and is not intended to limit the selection to only those listed alternatives or to only one of the listed alternatives at a time, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0263] Reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that that prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour in any country in the world. Furthermore, any references to other patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information are generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of certain embodiments. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.

[0264] Embodiments of the invention may also be said broadly to be embodied in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

[0265] Where, in the foregoing description reference has been made to integers or components having known equivalents thereof, those integers are herein incorporated as if individually set forth.

[0266] It should be noted that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without diminishing its attendant advantages. For instance, various components may be repositioned as desired. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be included within the scope of the invention. Moreover, not all of the features, aspects andadvantages are necessarily required to practice the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is intended to be defined only by the claims that follow

[0267] In this specification, adjectives such as left and right, top and bottom, hot and cold, first and second, and the like may be used to distinguish one element or action from another element or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order. Where context permits, reference to a component, an integer or step (or the alike) is not to be construed as being limited to only one of that component, integer, or step, but rather could be one or more of that component, integer or step.

[0268] The above description relating to embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for purposes of description to one of ordinary skill in the related art. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to a single disclosed embodiment. As mentioned above, numerous alternatives and variations to the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the above teaching. Accordingly, while some alternative embodiments have been discussed specifically, other embodiments will be apparent or relatively easily developed by those of ordinary skill in the art. The present disclosure is intended to embrace all modifications, alternatives, and variations that have been discussed herein, and other embodiments that fall within the spirit and scope of the above description.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A barrier for a sensor used to sense a characteristic of a gas flow in a flow path of a respiratory system, via a sensing port, wherein the barrier is configured to be placed between the flow path and the sensor, the barrier comprising: a receiving portion, configured to be stretched by insertion of the sensor; and a mounting portion defining a plane of the barrier, the mounting portion configured to secure the barrier to the sensing port, said mounting portion comprising: a sealing member for creating a pneumatic seal around the sensing port; a buffering member for preventing stretching of the receiving portion from being translated to the sealing member, wherein the sealing member and the buffering member extend transversely to the plane of the barrier.

2. The barrier of claim 1, wherein the receiving portion extends transversely to the plane of the barrier.

3. The barrier of claim 1 or 2, wherein the buffering member extends in a same direction as the receiving portion.

4. The barrier of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sealing member extends in a same direction as the receiving portion.

5. The barrier of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiving portion comprises a side region, wherein the side region is configured to be stretched by insertion of the sensor, such that it conforms to a side wall of the sensor.

6. The barrier of claim 5, wherein the receiving portion further comprises a tip region, configured to contact a tip of the sensor.

7. The barrier of claim 6, wherein the side region is configured to preferentially stretch before the tip region.

8. The barrier of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the receiving portion further comprises a base region, extending between the side region and the mounting portion of the barrier.

9. The barrier of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the barrier is configured to be secured to the sensing port of the flow path by a retainer.

10. The barrier of claim 9, wherein the mounting portion interacts with the retainer.

11. The barrier of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mounting portion comprises a flange.

12. The barrier of claim 11 , wherein the buffering member and the sealing member are both located on the flange.

13. The barrier of claim 11 or 12, wherein the sealing member extends around a perimeter of the flange.

14. The barrier of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the buffering member substantially extends around an opening of the receiving portion.

15. The barrier of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the buffering member is configured to be positioned in a first recess of a wall adjacent the sensing port of the flow path.

16. The barrier of claim 15, wherein before assembly with the wall, the buffering member is of a dimension similar to that of the first recess, such that the buffering member is not compressed as it is positioned in the first recess.

17. The barrier of any one of preceding claims, wherein the sealing member is configured to be positioned in a second recess of a wall adjacent to the sensing port of the flow path.

18. The barrier of claim 17, wherein the sealing member is of a dimension larger than that of the second recess, such that the sealing member is compressed when assembled.

19. The barrier of claim 17 or 18, wherein the sealing member comprises a height that is greater than a depth of the second recess, such that it is compressed along its height when assembled.

20. The barrier of any one of preceding claims, wherein the buffering member is located between the receiving portion and the sealing member.

21. The barrier of any one preceding claims, wherein the barrier comprises a plurality of receiving portions, configured to receive a plurality of sensors or a plurality of sensing portions.

22. The barrier of any one of preceding claims, wherein when the barrier comprises a plurality of receiving portions, a buffering member is provided for each of the receiving portions.

23. The barrier of any one of preceding claims, wherein the barrier is comprised of a single material.

24. The barrier of any one of preceding claims, wherein the barrier is comprised of an elastomeric material.

25. The barrier of any one of preceding claims, wherein the barrier comprises silicone.

26. A connector assembly of a respiratory system, wherein the connector assembly comprises: a connector, said connector comprising a wall providing one or more sensing ports providing an entry into a gas flow path; a retainer, and the barrier of any one of preceding claims, wherein the barrier is mounted to the wall by the retainer.

27. The connector assembly according to claim 26, wherein the mounting portion of the barrier is sandwiched between the wall and the retainer.

28. The connector assembly according to claim 26 or 27, further comprising a printed circuit board comprising electrical contacts.

29. The connector assembly according to claim 28, wherein the printed circuit board is attached to the wall via the retainer.

30. The connector assembly according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the printed circuit board comprises one or more apertures that align with the one or more sensing ports.

31. The connector assembly according to claim 30, wherein the one or more apertures are formed at or near a centre of a body of the printed circuit board, and the electrical contacts are arranged around the one or more apertures.

32. The connector assembly according to any one of claims 28 to 31 , wherein the printed circuit board comprises four electrical contacts, and the four electrical contacts are arranged in a grid formation in symmetrical locations across the printed circuit board.

33. The connector assembly of any one of claims 26 to 32, wherein the connector assembly forms part of a conduit.

34. The connector assembly of claim 33, wherein the conduit is an inspiratory conduit, and the connector is configured to fluidly couple a further component of the respiratory system to the inspiratory conduit.

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