Method and device for measuring received signal strength index for transmission of inter-terminal reference signal

Abstract

Proposed is an operation method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system. The method may comprise the steps of: measuring first reception power on a first resource configured for transmission of an inter-device control channel related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; measuring second reception power on a second resource configured for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal; and determining the average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a received signal strength index related to the first inter-device reference signal.

Description

Method and device for measuring received signal strength index for transmission of terminal-to-terminal reference signal

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Peak data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Max spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicles Fully XR Fully Haptic communications Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: measuring a first reception power based on a first resource configured for transmission of an inter-device control channel associated with transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; measuring a second reception power based on a second resource configured for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal; and determining an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index associated with the first inter-device reference signal.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: measure a first reception power based on a first resource configured for transmission of an inter-device control channel associated with transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; measure a second reception power based on a second resource configured for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal; and determine an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index associated with the first inter-device reference signal.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: measure a first reception power based on a first resource configured for transmission of a terminal-to-terminal control channel associated with transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; measure a second reception power based on a second resource configured for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal; and determine an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index associated with the first inter-device reference signal.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: measure a first reception power based on a first resource configured for transmission of an inter-device control channel associated with transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; measure a second reception power based on a second resource configured for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal; and determine an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index associated with the first inter-device reference signal.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: performing, based on a first resource, a device-to-device control channel transmission related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; and performing, based on a second resource, the transmission of the first inter-device reference signal, wherein an average value of a first reception power measured based on the first resource and a second reception power measured based on the second resource may be determined as a reception signal strength index related to the first inter-device reference signal.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: perform, based on a first resource, inter-device control channel transmission related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; and perform, based on a second resource, transmission of the first inter-device reference signal, wherein an average value of a first received power measured based on the first resource and a second received power measured based on the second resource may be determined as a received signal strength index related to the first inter-device reference signal.

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to a Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates an implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a double-sided RTT according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates resources for transmitting a device-to-device reference signal and resources for transmitting a control channel associated with transmission of the device-to-device reference signal, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 16 illustrates resources for transmitting a device-to-device reference signal and resources for transmitting a control channel associated with transmission of the device-to-device reference signal, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates a procedure in which a first device performs wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 illustrates a procedure for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 19 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 20 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 21 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 22 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 23 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 24 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0036] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0037] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0038] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0039] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0040] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0041] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0042] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0043] In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

[0044] The technology proposed in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0045] The technology proposed in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0047] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0048] - Satellite integrated network

[0049] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0050] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0051] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0052] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0053] - small cell networks

[0054] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0055] - High-capacity backhaul

[0056] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0057] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0058] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0059] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0060] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (Sub-THz band) is considered a major portion of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Figure 2 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0061] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0062] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0063] - Optical wireless technology

[0064] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0065] - Quantum communication

[0066] - Cell-free communication

[0067] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0068] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0069] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0070] - Big data analysis

[0071] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0072] - metaverse

[0073] - Blockchain

[0074] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0075] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher concept than urban air mobility (UAM), which is an air transportation method available in urban areas, and can refer to a means of transportation that includes movement between regional hubs as well as urban areas.

[0076] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0077] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the playback payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0078] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 5 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 5 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0079] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), and L3 (layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0080] The physical layer provides information transmission services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified based on how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface.

[0081] Data travels between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.

[0082] The MAC layer provides services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing, which maps multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0083] The RLC layer performs the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). To guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0084] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by Layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0085] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0086] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. It performs mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers, marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) within downlink and uplink packets, and more.

[0087] Establishing a Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. RBs can be further divided into two types: the Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and the Data Radio Bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0088] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, it is in the RRC_IDLE state. For NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0089] Downlink transmission channels that transmit data from the network to the terminal include the Broadcast Channel (BCH), which transmits system information, and the downlink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted through the downlink SCH or a separate downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels that transmit data from the terminal to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH), which transmits initial control messages, and the uplink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0090] Logical channels that are located above the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0091] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0092] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0093] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0094] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0095] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 6, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain.

[0097] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0098] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. A PRB can be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0099] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0100] Referring to Figure 7, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0101] BWP is point A, offset from point A (N startBWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0102] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0103] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0104] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0105] In this specification, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a sidelink-related control channel, a sidelink-related physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a sidelink-related shared channel, a sidelink-related physical shared channel, etc.

[0106] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0107] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0108] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0109] In step S810, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0110] Referring to (b) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by the base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources by itself within the resource pool transmits PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1) using the resources. st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits the PSSCH (e.g., 2) related to the PSCCH. nd -stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0111] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In the present specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1st -stage SCI or 1 st -stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH is 2 nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd -stage SCI or 2 nd -It can be called a stage SCI format.

[0112] Below, an example of SCI format 1-A is described. For example, SCI can be interchanged / replaced with terminal-to-terminal control information (or device-to-device control information).

[0113] SCI Format 1-A is a 2-bit format on the PSSCH and PSSCH nd - Used for scheduling of stage SCI. For example, PSSCH can be replaced / interchanged with terminal-to-terminal physical shared channel (or device-to-device physical shared channel).

[0114] The following information is transmitted using SCI Format 1-A.

[0115] - Priority - 3 bits

[0116] - Frequency resource allocation - If the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2, then ceiling (log2(N SL subChannel(N SL subChannel+1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, if the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3, ceiling log2(N SL subChannel(N SL subChannel+1)(2N SL subChannel+1) / 6) bits

[0117] - Time resource allocation - 5 bits if the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2; otherwise, 9 bits if the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3.

[0118] - Resource reservation cycle - ceiling (log2N) rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period The number of entries in the upper layer parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList if the upper layer parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is set; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0119] - DMRS pattern - ceiling (log2N pattern ) bits, where N pattern is the number of DMRS patterns set by the upper layer parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList.

[0120] - 2nd SCI(2 nd -stage SCI) format - 2 bits as defined in Table 3

[0121] - Beta_Offsets indicator - 2 bits as provided by the upper layer parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0122] - Number of DMRS ports - 1 bit as defined in Table 4

[0123] - Modulation and coding method - 5 bits

[0124] - Additional MCS table indicator - 1 bit if one MCS table is set by the upper layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are set by the upper layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; otherwise 0 bits

[0125] - PSFCH Overhead Indicator - 1 bit if the upper layer parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4; otherwise 0 bit (e.g., PSFCH can be interchanged / substituted with the UE-to-UE Physical Feedback Channel (or, Device-to-UE Physical Feedback Channel)).

[0126] - Reserved bits - The number of bits determined by the upper layer parameter sl-NumReservedBits, whose value is set to 0.

[0127] Values ​​of the 2nd-stage SCI format field 2nd-stage SCI format 00 SCI format 2-A01 SCI format 2-B10 Reserved 11 Reserved

[0128] The values ​​in the DMRS port number field are 0100011000 and 1001.

[0129] Below, an example of SCI format 2-A is described.

[0130] In HARQ operation, when HARQ-ACK information contains ACK or NACK, or when HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-A is used for decoding PSSCH.

[0131] The following information is transmitted via SCI Format 2-A.

[0132] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0133] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0134] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0135] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0136] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0137] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit

[0138] - Cast type indicator - 2 bits as defined in Table 5

[0139] - CSI request - 1 bit

[0140] Value of cast type indicator Cast type 00 Broadcast 01 Groupcast if HARQ-ACK information contains ACK or NACK 10 Unicast 11 Groupcast if HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK

[0141] Below, an example of SCI format 2-B is described.

[0142] SCI format 2-B is used for decoding PSSCH and is used with HARQ operation when HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK or there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information.

[0143] The following information is transmitted via SCI Format 2-B.

[0144] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0145] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0146] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0147] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0148] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0149] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit

[0150] - Zone ID - 12 bits

[0151] - Communication range requirement - 4 bits determined by the upper layer parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index

[0152] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, in step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0153] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in step S840, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0154] FIG. 9 illustrates an example architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0155] Referring to FIG. 9, the AMF may receive a request for location services related to a specific target UE from another entity, such as a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), or the AMF itself may decide to initiate location services on behalf of a specific target UE. Then, the AMF may transmit a location service request to a Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF, which has received the location service request, may process the location service request and return a processing result, including an estimated location of the UE, to the AMF. Meanwhile, if the location service request is received from another entity, such as a GMLC, other than the AMF, the AMF may forward the processing result received from the LMF to the other entity.

[0156] ng-eNB (new generation evolved-NB) and gNB are network elements of NG-RAN that can provide measurement results for position estimation. They can measure radio signals for target UEs and transmit the results to the LMF. In addition, ng-eNB can control several Transmission Points (TPs), such as remote radio heads (REHs), or PRS-only TPs that support a PRS-based beacon system for E-UTRA.

[0157] The LMF is connected to an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC), and the E-SMLC can enable the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can enable the LMF to support Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA), one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN, by utilizing downlink measurements acquired by the target UE via signals transmitted from the eNB and / or PRS-dedicated TPs in the E-UTRAN.

[0158] Meanwhile, the LMF can be connected to the SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different positioning services for target UEs. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the position measurement of the UE. For the positioning of the target UE, the LMF can determine the positioning method based on the Location Service (LCS) client type, the required Quality of Service (QoS), the UE positioning capabilities, the gNB positioning capabilities, and the ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply the positioning method to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. In addition, the LMF can determine the position estimate for the target UE and additional information such as the accuracy of the position estimate and velocity. The SLP is a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning through the user plane.

[0159] The UE may measure downlink signals from sources such as the NG-RAN and E-UTRAN, different Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBS), Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, and UE barometric pressure sensors. The UE may include an LCS application, or may access an LCS application through communication with a network to which the UE is connected or through other applications included in the UE. The LCS application may include measurement and calculation functions necessary to determine the location of the UE. For example, the UE may include an independent positioning function, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS), and may report the UE's location independently of NG-RAN transmissions. This independently acquired positioning information may be utilized as supplementary information to the positioning information acquired from the network.

[0160] FIG. 10 illustrates an implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0161] When the AMF receives a location service request while the UE is in the Connection Management - IDLE (CM-IDLE) state, the AMF may establish a signaling connection with the UE and request a network trigger service to allocate a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. This operation process is omitted in Fig. 10. That is, in Fig. 10, it can be assumed that the UE is in connected mode. However, the signaling connection may be released by the NG-RAN during the positioning process due to reasons such as signaling and data inactivity.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 10, the network operation process for specifically measuring the location of a UE is examined. In step S1010, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC may request a location service to measure the location of a target UE from a serving AMF. However, even if the GMLC does not request a location service, the serving AMF may determine that a location service is required to measure the location of the target UE according to step S1015. For example, in order to measure the location of a UE for an emergency call, the serving AMF may decide to directly perform a location service.

[0163] Thereafter, the AMF transmits a location service request to the LMF according to step S1020, and the LMF may initiate location procedures for obtaining location measurement data or location measurement assistance data together with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB according to step S1030. Additionally, the LMF may initiate location procedures for downlink positioning together with the UE according to step S1035. For example, the LMF may transmit location assistance data (Assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355) to the UE, or obtain a location estimate or a location measurement. Meanwhile, step S1035 may be additionally performed after step S1030 is performed, or may be performed instead of step S1030.

[0164] In step S1040, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF. Furthermore, the location service response may include information regarding whether the UE's location estimation was successful and an estimate of the UE's location. If the procedure of FIG. 10 was initiated by step S1010, the AMF may forward the location service response to a 5GC entity, such as the GMLC. If the procedure of FIG. 10 was initiated by step S1015, the AMF may utilize the location service response to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0165] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages between an LMF and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0166] LPP PDUs can be transmitted via NAS PDUs between AMF and UE. Referring to FIG. 11, LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted in the form of transparent PDUs over an intermediate network interface using a suitable protocol, such as NGAP (NG Application Protocol) over the NG-C (NG-Control Plane) interface, NAS / RRC over the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0167] For example, via the LPP protocol, a target device and a location server can exchange capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to exchange error information and / or indicate the termination of an LPP procedure.

[0168] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0169] NRPPa can be used to exchange information between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange Enhanced-Cell IDs (E-CIDs) for measurements transmitted from ng-eNBs to LMFs, data to support OTDOA positioning methods, Cell-IDs for NR Cell ID positioning methods, and Cell Location IDs. Even if the AMF does not have information about the associated NRPPa transactions, it can route NRPPa PDUs based on the routing ID of the associated LMF through the NG-C interface.

[0170] The NRPPa protocol's procedures for location and data collection can be divided into two types. The first type is a UE-associated procedure for conveying information about a specific UE (e.g., position measurement information, etc.), and the second type is a non-UE-associated procedure for conveying information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and associated TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information, etc.). These two types of procedures may be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0171] Meanwhile, the positioning methods supported by NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID (enhanced cell ID), barometric pressure sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, terrestrial beacon system (TBS), and UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival). Among the above positioning methods, the position of the UE may be measured using any one of the positioning methods, but the position of the UE may also be measured using two or more positioning methods.

[0172] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival)

[0173] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0174] The OTDOA positioning method utilizes the timing measurements of downlink signals received by the UE from multiple TPs, including the eNB, ng-eNB, and PRS-dedicated TPs. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Based on these measurement results and the geographic coordinates of neighboring TPs, the UE's location can be determined.

[0175] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap for OTDOA measurements from a TP. If the UE does not recognize a Single Frequency Network (SFN) for at least one TP in the OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use an autonomous gap to obtain the SFN of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0176] Here, the RSTD can be defined based on the smallest relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, the RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe of the reference cell that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell. Meanwhile, the reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0177] Accurate OTDOA measurement requires measuring the time of arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically dispersed TPs or base stations. For example, the TOA for TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3 can be measured, and based on the three TOAs, the RSTD for TP 1-TP 2, the RSTD for TP 2-TP 3, and the RSTD for TP 3-TP 1 can be calculated. Based on these, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be used to estimate the UE's location. In this case, since each TOA measurement may have accuracy and / or uncertainty, the estimated UE's location may be known within a certain range depending on the measurement uncertainty.

[0178] For example, the RSTD for two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0179]

[0180] Here, c is the speed of light, {xt, yt} are the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {xi, yi} are the coordinates of the (known) TP, and {x1, y1} may be the coordinates of the reference TP (or another TP). Here, (Ti-T1) is the transmission time offset between the two TPs, which may be called "Real Time Differences" (RTDs), and ni, n1 may represent values ​​related to the UE TOA measurement error.

[0181] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0182] In the Cell ID (CID) positioning method, the location of the UE can be measured through geographic information of the UE's serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0183] Meanwhile, the E-CID positioning method may utilize additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources in addition to the CID positioning method to improve the UE position estimate. In the E-CID positioning method, some of the same measurement methods as the measurement control system of the RRC protocol may be used, but generally, additional measurements are not performed solely for UE position measurement. In other words, a separate measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be provided to measure the UE's position, and the UE may not expect to be requested to perform additional measurement operations solely for position measurement, and may report measurements obtained through measurement methods generally available to the UE.

[0184] For example, a serving gNB can implement an E-CID positioning method using E-UTRA measurements provided from the UE.

[0185] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning include:

[0186] - UE measurements: E-UTRA RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), E-UTRA RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time difference, GERAN (GSM EDGE Random Access Network) / WLAN RSSI (Reference Signal Strength Indication), UTRAN CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0187] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx Time difference, Timing Advance (TADV), Angle of Arrival (AoA)

[0188] Here, TADV can be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0189] TADV Type 1 = (ng-eNB RX-TX time difference) + (UE E-UTRA RX-TX time difference)

[0190] TADV Type 2 = ng-eNB receive-transmit time difference

[0191] Meanwhile, AoA can be used to measure the direction of a UE. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position in a counterclockwise direction from a base station / TP. In this case, the geographical reference direction may be north. The base station / TP can use uplink signals such as a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and / or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. In addition, the larger the antenna array array, the higher the AoA measurement accuracy. When antenna arrays are arranged at equal intervals, signals received from adjacent antenna elements can have a constant phase shift (phase-rotate).

[0192] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0193] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When calculating the estimated SRS arrival time, the serving cell is used as a reference cell, and the UE's location can be estimated based on the arrival time difference with other cells (or base stations / TPs). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can designate the serving cell of the target UE to instruct the target UE to transmit SRS. In addition, the E-SMLC can provide configuration settings such as whether the SRS is periodic or aperiodic, bandwidth, and frequency / group / sequence hopping.

[0194] (4) RTT (Round Trip Time)

[0195] Real-Time Telemetry (RTT) is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between a target entity and a server entity even when the two entities are not synchronized. When RTT is performed with multiple server entities, the distance from each server entity can be measured individually. Furthermore, by drawing a circle using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute positioning of the target entity can be determined based on the point where each circle intersects. This can be referred to as multi-RTT.

[0196] Here's how RTT is performed between two entities: Entity #1 can transmit PRS #1 at t1, and Entity #2 can receive PRS #1 at t2. After Entity #2 receives PRS #1, Entity #2 can transmit PRS #2 at t3, and Entity #1 can receive PRS #2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be calculated as follows.

[0197]

[0198] For RTT between UE and gNB, the distance between UE and gNB can be calculated based on Equation 2 above using the UE Rx - Tx time difference and the gNB Rx - Tx time difference in the table below.

[0199] (5) Double-side RTT

[0200] Double-sided RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between a target entity and a server entity even when there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the two entities.

[0201] Here's how to perform a double-sided RTT between two entities:

[0202] FIG. 14 illustrates a double-sided RTT according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0203] Double-sided RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors. Referring to Fig. 14, the propagation delay T is measured by two measurements (i.e., T round1 , T round2 , T reply1 , T reply2 ) can be estimated. For example, the propagation delay T can be estimated based on mathematical expression 3.

[0204]

[0205] And, T round1 ХT round2 -T reply1 ХT reply2 can be obtained based on mathematical formula 4.

[0206]

[0207] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as in Equation 5.

[0208]

[0209] In this case, the propagation delay estimation error due to clock error can be obtained based on mathematical expression 6.

[0210]

[0211] Table 6 shows an example of RSTD (reference signal time difference). The RSTD in Table 6 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0212] Justice T SubframeRxj - T SubframeRxi The relative timing difference between E-UTRA neighbor cell j and E-UTRA reference cell i, defined as T SubframeRxj is the time when the terminal receives the start of one subframe from E-UTRA cell j, and T SubframeRxi is the time at which the terminal receives the start of a subframe from E-UTRA cell i that is closest in time to the subframe received from E-UTRA cell j. The reference point for the observed subframe time difference may be the antenna connector of the terminal. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED inter-RAT

[0213] Table 7 shows an example of DL PRS RSRP (reference signal received power). The DL PRS RSRP in Table 7 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0214] Definition DL PRS-RSRP (reference signal received power) is defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements carrying the DL PRS reference signal established for RSRP measurement within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. In FR1, the reference point for DL ​​PRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. In FR2, DL PRS-RSRP shall be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. In FR1 and 2, if receiver diversity is used by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value shall not be lower than any DL PRS-RSRP corresponding to an individual receiver branch. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

[0215] Table 8 shows an example of DL RSTD (relative signal time difference). The DL RSTD in Table 8 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0216] The DL RSTD (reference signal time difference) between the definition positioning node j and the reference positioning node I is T SubframeRxj - T SubframeRxi is defined as, where T SubframeRxj is the time when the terminal receives the start of one subframe from the positioning node j, and T SubframeRxiis the time when the terminal receives the start of a subframe from the positioning node i, which corresponds to the subframe that is closest in time to the subframe received from the positioning node j. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of a subframe from the positioning node. In FR1, the reference point for DL ​​RSTD can be the antenna connector of the terminal. In FR2, the reference point for DL ​​RSTD can be the antenna of the terminal. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED Intra-frequency RRC_CONNECTED Inter-frequency

[0217] Table 9 shows an example of UE Rx-Tx time difference. The UE Rx-Tx time difference in Table 9 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0218] The Rx-Tx time difference between the definition terminals is T UE-RX - T UE-TX is defined as: where: T UE-RX is the timing at which the terminal receives downlink subframe #i from the positioning node, and is defined as the first detected path in time. T UE-TX is the timing at which the terminal transmits the uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the time at which it receives subframe #i from the positioning node. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of one subframe at the time of the first arrival of the positioning node. In FR1, T UE-RX The reference point for the measurement can be the Rx antenna connector, T UE-TX The reference point for measurement may be the Tx antenna connector of the terminal. In FR2, T UE-RX The reference point for measurement may be the Rx antenna of the terminal, and T UE-TX The reference point for measurement may be the Tx antenna of the terminal. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency

[0219] Table 10 shows the UL RTOA (UL Relative Time of Arrival) (T UL-RTOA ) is an example. The UL RTOA in Table 10 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0220] Definition[T UL-RTOA (Relative Time of Arrival) is the starting point of subframe i containing SRS received by measurement node j, based on a configurable reference time.] Multiple SRS resources for positioning can be used to determine the starting point of one subframe containing SRS received by the positioning node. T UL-RTOA The reference points for can be:- Type 1-C base station: Rx antenna connector- Type 1-O or 2-O base station: Rx antenna- Type 1-H base station: Rx transceiver array boundary connector

[0221] Table 11 shows an example of gNB Rx-Tx time difference. The gNB Rx-Tx time difference in Table 11 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0222] Definition gNB Rx-Tx time difference is T gNB-RX - T gNB-TX is defined as: where: T is defined as the first detected path in time gNB-RX is the timing at which the uplink subframe #i containing the SRS associated with the terminal is received by the positioning node. T gNB-TX is the timing at which the positioning node transmits the downlink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the terminal. Multiple SRS resources for positioning can be used to determine the start of one subframe containing the SRS. T gNB-RXThe reference points for can be:- 1-C base station: Rx antenna connector- 1-O or 2-O base station: Rx antenna- 1-H base station: Rx transceiver array boundary connectorT gNB-TX The reference points for can be:- 1-C base station: Tx antenna connector- 1-O or 2-O base station: Tx antenna- 1-H base station: Tx transceiver array boundary connector

[0223] Table 12 shows an example of UL AoA (Angle of Arrival). The UL AoA in Table 12 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0224] Definition UL AoA (Angle of Arrival) is defined as the estimated azimuth and vertical angles with respect to a reference direction. Here, the reference direction is defined as follows: - In the global coordinate system (CGS), the estimated azimuth is measured with respect to geographic north, and the counterclockwise direction can be taken as positive; the estimated vertical angle is measured with respect to the zenith, and the horizontal direction can be taken as positive. - In the local coordinate system (LCS), the tracked azimuth is measured with respect to the x-axis of the LCS, and the counterclockwise direction can be taken as positive; the estimated vertical angle is measured with respect to the z-axis of the LCS, and the direction in the xy plane can be taken as positive. UL-AoA can be defined at the gNB antenna for the UL channel corresponding to the terminal.

[0225] Table 13 shows an example of UL SRS RSRP (reference signal received power). The UL SRS RSRP in Table 13 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0226] Definition UL SRS-RSRP (reference signal receiver power) is defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of resource elements carrying a sounding reference signal (SRS). UL SRS-RSRP may be measured on configured resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth within a configured measurement time occasion. In FR1 and 2, UL SRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. In FR1 and 2, if receiver diversity is used by the gNB, the reported UL SRS-RSRP value shall not be lower than any SRS-RSRP corresponding to an individual receiver branch.

[0227] Meanwhile, in a dedicated resource pool where a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS; sidelink positioning reference signal) is transmitted, a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) linked to the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) may be transmitted at different frequencies, so it may be necessary to define a method for measuring a received signal strength indicator (e.g., RSSI) for transmitting the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) in the resource pool.

[0228] In the present disclosure, a method is proposed for measuring a received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) for transmitting a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) in order to measure a channel busy ratio (CBR) and the like in a dedicated resource pool where terminal-to-terminal reference signals (e.g., SL PRS) are transmitted.

[0229] For example, service type (and / or (LCH or service) priority and / or QOS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range) and / or PQI parameters) (and / or HARQ feedback enabled (and / or disabled)) LCH / MAC PDU (transmission) and / or channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) measurement of resource pool and / or SL cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast) and / or SL groupcast HARQ feedback option (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK only feedback based on transmit-receive distance) and / or SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 / 2) and / or SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 / 2) and / or resource pool and / or whether the resource pool in which the UE-to-UE physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) resources are configured and / or the source (L2) ID (and / or the destination (L2) ID) and / or the PC5 RRC connection / link and / or the SL link and / or the connection status (with the base station) (e.g., RRC-CONNECTED state, IDLE state, inactive state) and / or the SL HARQ process (ID) and / or whether the SL DRX operation (of the transmitting UE or the receiving UE) is performed and / or whether the (transmitting or receiving) UE is in power saving mode and / or whether the UE-to-UE physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) transmission and the UE-to-UE physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) reception (from the perspective of a specific UE) are performed (and / or multiple UE-to-UE physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) transmissions (and / or PSFCH receptions) exceed the UE's capability., PSFCH) transmission overlaps (and / or UE-to-UE physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) transmission (and / or UE-to-UE physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) reception) is omitted) and / or UE actually (successfully) receives UE-to-UE physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) (and / or UE-to-UE physical shared channel (e.g., PSSCH)) (re)transmission from the transmitting UE), the application of the rule (and / or the proposed method / rule related parameter values ​​of the present disclosure) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set / allowed for at least one of the following elements / parameters: In addition, the wording "configuration" (or "designation") in the present disclosure can be extended to mean a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)). In addition, the wording "terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH)" in the present disclosure can be extended to mean "(NR or LTE) terminal-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PSSCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH)) (and / or (NR or LTE) terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., SL SSB) (and / or UL channel / signal))". Additionally, the proposed methods in this disclosure can be combined with each other and extended (in a new form).

[0230] For example, the term "specific threshold value" hereinafter may mean a threshold value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. The term "specific set value" hereinafter may mean a value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. The term "set by the network / base station" hereinafter may mean an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) the value to the terminal via higher layer RRC signaling, sets / signals the value to the terminal via MAC CE, or signals the value to the terminal via DCI.

[0231] The following terms are used in the disclosure below.

[0232] LMF - Location Management Function

[0233] Terminal-triggered sidelink positioning - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where the procedure is triggered by the terminal.

[0234] gNB / LS(location server)-triggered terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where the procedure is triggered by the gNB / LS.

[0235] Terminal-controlled terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where a group of terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) is created by the terminal.

[0236] gNB-controlled terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) groups are created by the gNB.

[0237] Terminal-based terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where the terminal's location is calculated by the terminal.

[0238] Terminal-assisted terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where the terminal's position is calculated by the gNB / LS.

[0239] Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) group - Terminals participating in terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning)

[0240] T-terminal (target UE) - the terminal whose location is calculated

[0241] S-terminal (server UE) - a terminal that assists T-UE in positioning

[0242] Anchor UE - A terminal that assists T-UE positioning.

[0243] MG - Measurement gap where only reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission is allowed

[0244] MW - Measurement window in which both SL data and reference signals (e.g., SL PRS) can be transmitted in a multiplexed manner.

[0245] SL PRS - Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal

[0246] CCH - Control Channel

[0247] IUC message - inter-UE coordination message. A message that a transmitting terminal receives from another terminal, including a receiving terminal, and may refer to a message containing information about a set of resources suitable for transmission by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal (preferred resource set) and / or a set of resources not suitable for transmission (non-preferred resource set).

[0248] JCAS - Joint Communication and Sensing System

[0249] RIS - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0250] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission resource may be configured as a set of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) configured with the following information. Alternatively, for example, information related to a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission resource may include some or all of the following information.

[0251] 1. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) set ID

[0252] 2. Terminal-to-terminal reference signaling resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) ID list: Terminal-to-terminal reference signaling resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) ID list within the terminal-to-terminal reference signaling resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) set.

[0253] 3. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) type: can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0254] 4. Alpha value for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) power control

[0255] 5. P_0 value for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) power control

[0256] 6. Path loss criterion for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) power control: It can be set to terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., SL SSB), downlink (DL) PRS, uplink (UL) sounding reference signal (SRS), SL SRS for positioning, terminal-to-terminal physical control channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSCCH DMRS), terminal-to-terminal physical shared channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSSCH DMRS), terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH), or terminal-to-terminal channel state information reference signal (e.g., SL CSI RS).

[0257] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the set of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) may be configured with terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) configured with the following information. Alternatively, for example, information related to terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission resources may include some or all of the following information.

[0258] 1. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) ID

[0259] 2. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) comb size: The interval between resource elements (e.g., RE) in which the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted within a symbol.

[0260] 3. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) comb offset: Index of the resource element (e.g., RE) where the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is first transmitted within the first terminal-to-terminal reference signal symbol (e.g., SL PRS symbol).

[0261] 4. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) comb cyclic shift: Cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS).

[0262] 5. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) start position: Index of the first symbol in which the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted within a slot.

[0263] 6. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) #symbol: The number of symbols that constitute the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) within one slot.

[0264] 7. Frequency domain shift: The position (index) of the lowest frequency at which the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted in the frequency domain.

[0265] 8. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) BW: Frequency bandwidth used for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission

[0266] 9. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) type: can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0267] 10. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) periodicity: It is a period in the time domain between terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources), and has a unit of logical slot of the resource pool in which physical or terminal-to-terminal reference signals (e.g., SL PRS) are transmitted.

[0268] 11. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) offset: This is an offset in the time domain from the reference timing to the start time of the first terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource), and has a logical slot unit of the resource pool in which the physical or terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted. For example, the reference timing may be SFN = 0, DFN = 0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC CE / DCI / terminal-to-terminal control information (e.g., SCI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource).

[0269] 12. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) sequence ID

[0270] 13. Spatial relation of terminal-to-terminal reference signals (e.g., SL PRS): It can be configured as a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., SL SSB), base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL PRS), terminal-to-base station reference signal (e.g., UL SRS), terminal-to-base station reference signal for positioning (e.g., UL SRS), terminal-to-terminal physical control channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSCCH DMRS), terminal-to-terminal physical shared channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSSCH DMRS), terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH)), or terminal-to-terminal channel state information reference signal (e.g., SL CSI RS).

[0271] 14. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal control channel (e.g., SL PRS CCH): Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) control channel. For example, terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) configuration information and resource locations can be signaled through the terminal-to-terminal reference signal control channel (e.g., SL PRS CCH).

[0272] In a resource pool for transmitting a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS), when a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) and a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) linked to the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) are transmitted within a slot, the terminal-to-terminal reference signals (e.g., SL PRS) transmitted by multiple terminals within a slot may be multiplexed and transmitted based on time division multiplexing (TDM) and / or based on a comb constituting the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS). In this case, the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) is transmitted through symbols corresponding to the beginning of the slot, from the second symbol of the slot up to and including the second symbol, and the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) may be multiplexed and transmitted according to the above-described method based on a comb size and the number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal symbols (e.g., SL PRS symbols).

[0273] At this time, since the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) is transmitted through consecutive resource elements (e.g., RE) (or resource blocks (e.g., RB; resource block)) in the frequency domain, it can be transmitted in a different frequency domain from the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmitted based on a comb pattern. In addition, since the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) has a small amount of data to be transmitted, it can be transmitted through a much narrower bandwidth than the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS).

[0274] FIG. 15 illustrates resources for transmitting a device-to-device reference signal and resources for transmitting a control channel associated with the transmission of the device-to-device reference signal, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0275] Referring to FIG. 15, a device-to-device reference signal resource, which is a resource for transmitting a device-to-device reference signal, and a control channel resource, which is a resource for transmitting a control channel related to the transmission of the device-to-device reference signal, are shown. Although FIG. 15 depicts the two resources as being temporally continuous, the present embodiment can also be applied to instances where the two resources are temporally discontinuous.

[0276] For example, the frequency domain of the device-to-device reference signal resource may be wider than the frequency domain of the control channel resource. For example, the bandwidth of the device-to-device reference signal resource may be wider than the bandwidth of the control channel resource. Although the time domain of the control channel resource is expressed with 5 symbols in FIG. 15, the present embodiment can be applied even when the time domain of the control channel resource is different. Although the frequency domain of the control channel resource is expressed with one subchannel in FIG. 15, the present embodiment can be applied even when the frequency domain of the control channel resource is composed of two or more subchannels. Although the time domain of the device-to-device reference signal resource is expressed with 8 symbols in FIG. 15, the present embodiment can be applied even when the time domain of the device-to-device reference signal resource is different.

[0277] In the above-described case, a terminal transmitting a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) in the resource pool can measure a received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) for any terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) in the resource pool in the following manner.

[0278] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to transmit a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) based on any terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource), resources for transmitting the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) and an associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) may be required. Accordingly, both the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) and the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resource may need to be considered in measuring the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI).

[0279] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) can be measured based on an average power value for the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) and an average power value for the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resource.

[0280] For example, the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) for any terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) can be obtained based on an average power value per terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource element (e.g., RE) obtained by dividing the sum of the measured power values ​​for all resource elements (e.g., RE) constituting the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) by the total number of resource elements (e.g., RE) constituting the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource), and an average power value per terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resource element (e.g., RE) obtained by dividing the sum of the measured power values ​​for all resource elements (e.g., RE) constituting the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) linked to any terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) by the total number of resource elements (e.g., RE) constituting the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH).

[0281] For example, the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) value may be determined as an average value of an average power value per terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource element (e.g., RE) and an average power value per terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resource element (e.g., RE).

[0282] In the above-described measurement method, if the frequency bandwidth over which the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted is different from the frequency bandwidth over which the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) is transmitted, the average power value per resource element (e.g., RE) may be different, making it impossible to accurately measure the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI). For example, if the frequency bandwidth of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is much larger than the frequency bandwidth of the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH), the average power value per terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource element (e.g., RE) becomes much smaller than the average power value per terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resource element (e.g., RE), making it difficult to say that the average power value per resource element (e.g., RE) fairly contributes to the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement value.

[0283] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to solve the above-described problem, a received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) may be measured based on an average power value for a symbol in which the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted and a symbol in which the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) is transmitted.

[0284] For example, for each symbol in which the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted, the sum of the power values ​​for all resource elements (e.g., REs) constituting any one terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) may be the power value contributed by any terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) (among terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) multiplexed and transmitted by multiple terminals) within each symbol. Accordingly, by taking the average of the symbol power values ​​measured as described above for all symbols constituting the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource), the average power value of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal symbol (e.g., SL PRS symbol) contributed by the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) may be obtained.

[0285] For example, similarly to the above, for each symbol in which a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) associated with any one terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) is transmitted, the sum of the power values ​​for all resource elements (e.g., REs) constituting the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) may be the power value contributed by the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) within each symbol (among terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) multiplexed and transmitted by multiple terminals). Accordingly, by taking the average of the power values ​​of each symbol measured as described above for all symbols constituting the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH), the average power value of the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel symbol (e.g., PSCCH symbol) contributed by the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) may be obtained.

[0286] For example, based on the above-described operation, the final value of the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) for any one of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) may be measured based on an average power value of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal symbol (e.g., SL PRS symbol) and an average power value of the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel symbol (e.g., PSCCH symbol). For example, the final received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement value may be determined as an average value (or a weighted average value considering the number of symbols) of the two average power values.

[0287] FIG. 16 illustrates resources for transmitting a device-to-device reference signal and resources for transmitting a control channel associated with the transmission of the device-to-device reference signal, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0288] Referring to FIG. 16, a device-to-device reference signal resource, which is a resource for transmitting a device-to-device reference signal, and a control channel resource, which is a resource for transmitting a control channel related to the transmission of the device-to-device reference signal, are shown. Although the two resources are expressed as being temporally continuous in FIG. 16, the present embodiment can be applied even when the two resources are temporally discontinuous. Although the time domain of the control channel resource is expressed with 5 symbols in FIG. 16, the present embodiment can be applied even when the time domains of the control channel resource are different. Although the frequency domain of the control channel resource is expressed with one subchannel in FIG. 16, the present embodiment can be applied even when the frequency domain of the control channel resource is composed of two or more subchannels. Although the time domain of the device-to-device reference signal resource is expressed with 8 symbols in FIG. 16, the present embodiment can be applied even when the time domains of the device-to-device reference signal resource are different. For example, in FIG. 16, a unit square can mean one resource element. For example, the control channel resource of FIG. 16 may be a resource for transmitting a control channel for transmitting a first device-to-device reference signal.

[0289] For example, in FIG. 16, if the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) is determined based on the average value for each resource element (e.g., RE), since each symbol of the control channel resource has only one resource element (e.g., RE), the received power in the control channel resource can be determined as the average value (first value) of the power values ​​received in each symbol.

[0290] For example, in FIG. 16, since each symbol of the device-to-device reference signal resource has two resource elements (e.g., RE) that can be used for transmitting the first device-to-device reference signal, the reception power related to the first device-to-device reference signal in the device-to-device reference signal resource can be determined as an average value (second value) for 8 symbols of the power values ​​received in the two resource elements (e.g., RE) in each symbol divided by 2. That is, if the reception signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) is determined based on the average value (or weighted average value considering the number of symbols) of the first value and the second value, the average power value per resource element (e.g., RE) of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource becomes much smaller than the average power value per resource element (e.g., RE) of the control channel resource, so it cannot be said that the average power value per resource element (e.g., RE) fairly contributes to the reception signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement value.

[0291] For example, differently from the above, if, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) is determined based on an average value per symbol, the received power in the control channel resource may be determined as an average value (first value) of the power values ​​received in each symbol, and also in the device-to-device reference signal resource, the received power may be determined as an average value (second value) of the power values ​​received in resource elements (e.g., REs) associated with all device-to-device reference signals on each symbol. That is, if the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) is determined based on an average value (or a weighted average value considering the number of symbols) of the first value and the second value, even if the bandwidths of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource and the control channel resource associated therewith are different, the average power value per symbol may fairly contribute to the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement value.

[0292] For example, the time domain of the control channel resource may be composed of 5 symbols, and within the device-to-device reference signal resource, the time domain of the resource related to transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal may be composed of 8 symbols. Here, for example, the first value may be an average value for the 5 symbols of the received power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the control channel resource in each symbol of the 5 symbols. In addition, for example, the second value may be an average value for the 8 symbols of the received power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the resource related to transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal in each symbol of the 8 symbols.

[0293] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in a resource pool for transmitting a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS), when a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) and a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) are transmitted within one slot, a terminal can measure a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) reception signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) associated with the resource pool in the following manner.

[0294] Table 14 shows the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal.

[0295] The received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with a terminal-to-terminal reference signal may be defined as the linear average of the total received power (in [W]) observed on the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL-PRS) resource and the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) within the OFDM symbols of the slot configured for the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL-PRS). For frequency domain 1 (e.g., FR 1; frequency range 1), the reference point for the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal may be the antenna connector of the terminal. For frequency domain 2 (e.g., FR 2), the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal may be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency domains 1 and 2 (e.g., FR 1 and 2), if receiver diversity is used at the terminal, the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) value associated with the reported terminal-to-terminal reference signal may not be lower than the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal corresponding to the individual receiver branch.

[0296] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is proposed for measuring a received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) for transmitting a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) for measuring a channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) based on characteristics of time and frequency resources through which a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) associated with a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted in a dedicated resource pool transmitting the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS).

[0297] Meanwhile, since terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resources required for transmitting terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) linked to terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) in a resource pool transmitting terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) may be transmitted at different frequencies, a method for measuring a channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission may need to be defined.

[0298] In the present disclosure, a method is proposed for measuring a channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) based on terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resources linked to terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) in a resource pool transmitting terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS).

[0299] In a resource pool for transmitting a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS), when a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) and a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) linked to the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) are transmitted within a slot, the terminal-to-terminal reference signals (e.g., SL PRS) transmitted by multiple terminals within a slot may be multiplexed and transmitted based on time division multiplexing (TDM) and / or based on a comb constituting the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS). In this case, the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) is transmitted through symbols corresponding to the beginning of the slot, from the second symbol of the slot up to and including the second symbol, and the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) may be multiplexed and transmitted according to the above-described method based on a comb size and the number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal symbols (e.g., SL PRS symbols).

[0300] At this time, since the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) is transmitted through consecutive resource elements (e.g., RE) (or resource blocks (e.g., RB; resource block)) in the frequency domain, it can be transmitted in a different frequency domain from the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmitted based on a comb pattern. In addition, since the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) has a small amount of data to be transmitted, it can be transmitted through a much narrower bandwidth than the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS).

[0301] At this time, the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) and the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resource transmitting the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) may be located within the slot and may have a one-to-one mapping relationship with each other. That is, the position of the linked terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resource in the time / frequency domain may be uniquely determined by the position of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) in the time / frequency domain.

[0302] In the above-described case, a terminal transmitting a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) in the resource pool can measure a channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) for congestion control in the resource pool in the following manner.

[0303] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, within a window period for measuring a channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR), a terminal may calculate an associated SL received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement value as a value obtained by dividing the total number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) used for transmission by other terminals greater than a certain threshold value by the total number of all terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) set (in advance) to be allowed to be transmitted in the resource pool for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission, based on terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) IDs mapped to the ...

[0304] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, within a window period for measuring a channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR), a terminal may calculate an associated SL received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement value as a value obtained by dividing the total number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) used for transmission by other terminals exceeding a specific threshold value by the total number of all terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) set (in advance) to be allowed to be transmitted in the resource pool for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission, based on terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) satisfying a comb pattern that is set (in advance) to be allowed to be transmitted. For example, the comb pattern may include a comb size and a number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal symbols (e.g., SL PRS symbols).

[0305] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, if the total number of configurable terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) within the channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) measurement window interval is N by a comb pattern whose transmission is allowed (in advance) set in the resource pool, and only transmissions on M terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) which are a part of the total N possible terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) are set (in advance) to be allowed, then the channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) value may be calculated as the total number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) used for transmissions of other terminals having an associated SL received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement value greater than or equal to a specific threshold value within the channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) measurement window interval, divided by the total number M of all terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) whose transmissions are allowed in the resource pool.

[0306] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, each associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) allowed for transmission may be defined based on a one-to-one correspondence relationship with each terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) in the resource pool, based on a terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) mapped to a terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) ID that is set (in advance) to be allowed for transmission in a resource pool for transmission of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS resource). For example, the comb pattern may include a comb size and a number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal symbols (e.g., SL PRS symbols).

[0307] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, each associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) allowed for transmission may be defined based on terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) satisfying a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) comb pattern (preliminarily) set to be allowed for transmission in a resource pool for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission, and each terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) in the resource pool has a one-to-one correspondence with the resource pool. For example, the comb pattern may include a comb size and a number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal symbols (e.g., SL PRS symbols).

[0308] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, within a window period for measuring a channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR), a terminal may determine the total number of pairs consisting of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) used for transmission by other terminals having associated SL received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement values ​​greater than or equal to a specific threshold value, based on terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) mapped to terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource IDs (e.g., SL PRS resources) that are set (in advance) to allow transmission in a resource pool for transmission of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS resources) and terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs), the total number of pairs consisting of all terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) that are set (in advance) to allow transmission in the resource pool. It can be calculated by dividing the value by the number.

[0309] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, within a window period for measuring a channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR), a terminal divides the total number of pairs composed of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) used for transmission by other terminals having associated SL received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement values ​​greater than or equal to a specific threshold value by the total number of pairs composed of all terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) set (in advance) to allow transmission in the resource pool for transmitting the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) can be calculated. For example, the comb pattern may include a comb size and a number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal symbols (e.g., SL PRS symbols).

[0310] For example, in the case described above, the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) may be a value measured by considering both a power value associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) and a power value associated with a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource).

[0311] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the total number of pairs of configurable terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) within the channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) measurement window interval is N by a comb pattern (preliminarily) set in the resource pool, and transmissions are allowed only on pairs of M terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) among the total N possible terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) within the channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) measurement window interval, terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) used for transmission of other terminals having an associated SL received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) measurement value greater than or equal to a specific threshold value, and A channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) value can be calculated by dividing the total number of pairs consisting of terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCH) by the total number M of pairs consisting of all terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCH) that are (in advance) configured to be allowed for transmission in the resource pool.

[0312] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is proposed for measuring a channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) based on terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) configuration information set in a resource pool, and terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) resources linked to terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) in a resource pool in which terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted.

[0313] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in a resource pool for transmitting a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS), when a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) and a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) are transmitted within one slot, the terminal can measure a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) channel busy ratio (e.g., CBR) and a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) CR associated with the resource pool in the following manner.

[0314] Table 15 shows the channel congestion ratio (e.g., SL PRS CBR) associated with terminal-to-terminal reference signals.

[0315] The channel congestion ratio (e.g., SL PRS CBR) associated with a terminal-to-terminal reference signal measured in slot n may be defined as the total number of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) in the resource pool having a terminal-to-terminal received signal strength index (e.g., SL RSSI) exceeding a (pre-)configured threshold, as measured by sensing for the channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) measurement window [na, n-1]. Here, for example, a is 100 or 100·2, depending on the value of the upper layer parameter sl-TimeWindowSizeCBR divided by the total number of pairs of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., PRS resources) and associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) configured in the transmission pool within the channel congestion ratio (e.g., CBR) measurement window. u It could be like a slot.

[0316] Table 16 shows the channel occupancy related to terminal-to-terminal reference signals (e.g., SL PRS CR).

[0317] The channel occupancy (e.g., SL CR) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal computed in slot n may be defined as the total number of pairs of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) used for each transmission in slot [na, n-1] and reserved (granted) in slot [n, n+b] divided by the total number of pairs of terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) and associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channels (e.g., PSCCHs) set in the transmission pool on [na, n+b].

[0318] Table 17 shows the received signal strength index associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal.

[0319] The received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with a terminal-to-terminal reference signal may be defined as the linear average of the total received power (in [W]) observed on the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL-PRS) resource and the associated terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) within the OFDM symbols of the slot configured for the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL-PRS). For frequency domain 1 (e.g., FR 1; frequency range 1), the reference point for the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal may be the antenna connector of the terminal. For frequency domain 2 (e.g., FR 2), the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal may be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency domains 1 and 2 (e.g., FR 1 and 2), if receiver diversity is used at the terminal, the value of the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with the reported terminal-to-terminal reference signal may not be lower than the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS-RSSI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal corresponding to the individual receiver branch. Area of ​​application: Terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., sidelink).

[0320] According to the existing technology, the received signal strength index (e.g., SL PRS RSSI) related to the terminal-to-terminal reference signal is defined based on the average symbol power of the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) and the terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) associated therewith, so there is a problem in that it is impossible to measure the received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) for each terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource).

[0321] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) may be measured as the average power per symbol contributed by a terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) and a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) among transmission symbols of a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) associated with a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS). For example, a received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) may be measured as the average power per resource element (e.g., RE) of a terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) and a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) among transmission symbols of a terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) associated with a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS).

[0322] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an effect may be generated in which measurement of a received signal strength index (e.g., RSSI) per terminal-to-terminal reference signal resource (e.g., SL PRS resource) to be used for congestion control for transmission using terminal-to-terminal reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) may be enabled.

[0323] FIG. 17 illustrates a procedure that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0324] In step S1710, the first device can measure a first reception power based on a first resource set for transmission of an inter-device control channel related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal. In step S1720, the first device can measure a second reception power based on a second resource set for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal. In step S1730, the first device can determine an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index related to the first inter-device reference signal.

[0325] For example, the time domain of the first resource may be composed of at least one first symbol, and the time domain of the second resource may be composed of at least one second symbol.

[0326] For example, the first reception power may be an average value for the at least one first symbol of reception power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the first resource in each symbol of the at least one first symbol, and the second reception power may be an average value for the at least one second symbol of reception power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the second resource in each symbol of the at least one second symbol.

[0327] For example, the at least one first symbol may include at least one first resource element constituting the first resource in the frequency domain, and the at least one second symbol may include at least one second resource element constituting the second resource in the frequency domain.

[0328] For example, the first device-to-device reference signal may be an device-to-device positioning reference signal.

[0329] For example, the first device-to-device reference signal may be transmitted in a comb pattern.

[0330] For example, based on the received signal strength index, the channel congestion associated with the first device-to-device reference signal can be determined.

[0331] For example, additionally, the first device can perform device-to-device communication based on the channel congestion.

[0332] For example, the first resource and the second resource may be included in one slot.

[0333] For example, the first resource and the second resource may be included in a resource pool for device-to-device positioning reference signals.

[0334] For example, a plurality of device-to-device reference signals including the first device-to-device reference signal can be multiplexed and transmitted on the second resource.

[0335] For example, the average value of the first reception power and the second reception power may be a linear average value.

[0336] For example, the bandwidth over which transmission of the control channel is performed may be narrower than the bandwidth over which transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal is performed.

[0337] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can measure the first reception power based on the first resource set for transmission of the inter-device control channel related to transmission of the first inter-device reference signal. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can measure the second reception power based on the second resource set for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can determine the average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as the reception signal strength index related to the first inter-device reference signal.

[0338] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: measure a first reception power based on a first resource configured for transmission of an inter-device control channel associated with transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; measure a second reception power based on a second resource configured for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal; and determine an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index associated with the first inter-device reference signal.

[0339] For example, the time domain of the first resource may be composed of at least one first symbol, and the time domain of the second resource may be composed of at least one second symbol.

[0340] For example, the first reception power may be an average value for the at least one first symbol of reception power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the first resource in each symbol of the at least one first symbol, and the second reception power may be an average value for the at least one second symbol of reception power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the second resource in each symbol of the at least one second symbol.

[0341] For example, the at least one first symbol may include at least one first resource element constituting the first resource in the frequency domain, and the at least one second symbol may include at least one second resource element constituting the second resource in the frequency domain.

[0342] For example, the first device-to-device reference signal may be an device-to-device positioning reference signal.

[0343] For example, the first device-to-device reference signal may be transmitted in a comb pattern.

[0344] For example, based on the received signal strength index, the channel congestion associated with the first device-to-device reference signal can be determined.

[0345] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: perform device-to-device communication based on the channel congestion.

[0346] For example, the first resource and the second resource may be included in one slot.

[0347] For example, the first resource and the second resource may be included in a resource pool for device-to-device positioning reference signals.

[0348] For example, a plurality of device-to-device reference signals including the first device-to-device reference signal can be multiplexed and transmitted on the second resource.

[0349] For example, the average value of the first reception power and the second reception power may be a linear average value.

[0350] For example, the bandwidth over which transmission of the control channel is performed may be narrower than the bandwidth over which transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal is performed.

[0351] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: measure a first reception power based on a first resource configured for transmission of a terminal-to-terminal control channel associated with transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; measure a second reception power based on a second resource configured for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal; and determine an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index associated with the first inter-device reference signal.

[0352] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: measure a first reception power based on a first resource configured for transmission of an inter-device control channel associated with transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; measure a second reception power based on a second resource configured for transmission of the first inter-device reference signal; and determine an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index associated with the first inter-device reference signal.

[0353] FIG. 18 illustrates a procedure that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0354] In step S1810, the second device may perform inter-device control channel transmission related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal based on the first resource. In step S1820, the second device may perform transmission of the first inter-device reference signal based on the second resource. For example, an average value of a first reception power measured based on the first resource and a second reception power measured based on the second resource may be determined as a reception signal strength index related to the first inter-device reference signal.

[0355] For example, the time domain of the first resource may be composed of at least one first symbol, the time domain of the second resource may be composed of at least one second symbol, the first reception power may be an average value for the at least one first symbol of reception power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the first resource in each symbol of the at least one first symbol, and the second reception power may be an average value for the at least one second symbol of reception power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the second resource in each symbol of the at least one second symbol.

[0356] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to perform inter-device control channel transmission related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal based on a first resource. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to perform transmission of the first inter-device reference signal based on a second resource. For example, an average value of the first reception power measured based on the first resource and the second reception power measured based on the second resource can be determined as a reception signal strength index related to the first inter-device reference signal.

[0357] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: perform, based on a first resource, inter-device control channel transmission related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; and perform, based on a second resource, transmission of the first inter-device reference signal, wherein an average value of a first received power measured based on the first resource and a second received power measured based on the second resource may be determined as a received signal strength index related to the first inter-device reference signal.

[0358] For example, the time domain of the first resource may be composed of at least one first symbol, the time domain of the second resource may be composed of at least one second symbol, the first reception power may be an average value for the at least one first symbol of reception power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the first resource in each symbol of the at least one first symbol, and the second reception power may be an average value for the at least one second symbol of reception power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the second resource in each symbol of the at least one second symbol.

[0359] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0360] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0361] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0362] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0363] FIG. 19 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0364] Referring to FIG. 19, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0365] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0366] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0367] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0368] FIG. 20 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0369] Referring to FIG. 20, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 19.

[0370] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0371] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0372] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0373] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0374] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0375] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0376] FIG. 21 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0377] Referring to FIG. 21, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 21 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. The hardware elements of FIG. 21 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20.

[0378] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 21. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0379] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0380] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0381] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 21. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 20) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0382] Figure 22 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 19). The embodiment of Figure 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0383] Referring to FIG. 22, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 20 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 20. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 20. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0384] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 19, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 19, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 19, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 19, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 19, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 19, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 19, 400), a base station (Fig. 19, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0385] In FIG. 22, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0386] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 22 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0387] FIG. 23 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0388] Referring to FIG. 23, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 22, respectively.

[0389] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0390] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0391] Figure 24 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of Figure 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0392] Referring to FIG. 24, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 22, respectively.

[0393] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0394] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0395] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A step of measuring a first received power based on a first resource set for transmission of an inter-device control channel related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; A step of measuring a second reception power based on a second resource set for transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal; and A method comprising the step of determining an average value of the first received power and the second received power as a received signal strength index associated with the first device-to-device reference signal.

2. In paragraph 1, The time domain of the first resource is composed of at least one first symbol, and A method wherein the time domain of the second resource is composed of at least one second symbol.

3. In paragraph 2, The first received power is an average value for the at least one first symbol of the received power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the first resource in each symbol of the at least one first symbol, and A method wherein the second received power is an average value for the at least one second symbol of the received power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the second resource in each symbol of the at least one second symbol.

4. In paragraph 2, wherein said at least one first symbol comprises at least one first resource element constituting said first resource in the frequency domain, and A method wherein said at least one second symbol comprises at least one second resource element constituting said second resource in the frequency domain.

5. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first device-to-device reference signal is an device-to-device positioning reference signal.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first device-to-device reference signal is transmitted in a comb pattern.

7. In paragraph 1, A method wherein channel congestion associated with the first device-to-device reference signal is determined based on the received signal strength index.

8. In paragraph 7, A method further comprising the step of performing device-to-device communication based on the channel congestion.

9. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first resource and the second resource are included in one slot.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first resource and the second resource are included in a resource pool for device-to-device positioning reference signals.

11. In paragraph 1, A method in which a plurality of device-to-device reference signals including the first device-to-device reference signal are multiplexed and transmitted on the second resource.

12. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the average value of the first reception power and the second reception power is a linear average value.

13. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the bandwidth over which the transmission of the control channel is performed is narrower than the bandwidth over which the transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal is performed.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Measure a first received power based on a first resource set for transmission of an inter-device control channel associated with transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; Measure a second reception power based on a second resource set for transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal; and A first device that determines an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index related to the first device-to-device reference signal.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Measure a first received power based on a first resource set for transmission of a terminal-to-terminal control channel related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; Measure a second reception power based on a second resource set for transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal; and A processing device that determines an average value of the first reception power and the second reception power as a reception signal strength index related to the first device-to-device reference signal.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Measure a first received power based on a first resource set for transmission of an inter-device control channel associated with transmission of a first inter-device reference signal; Measure a second reception power based on a second resource set for transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that determines an average value of the first received power and the second received power as a received signal strength index related to the first device-to-device reference signal.

17. In the method, A step of performing inter-device control channel transmission related to transmission of a first inter-device reference signal based on a first resource; and A step of performing transmission of a reference signal between the first device based on the second resource, A method in which an average value of a first reception power measured based on the first resource and a second reception power measured based on the second resource is determined as a reception signal strength index related to the first device-to-device reference signal.

18. In paragraph 17, The time domain of the first resource is composed of at least one first symbol, The time domain of the second resource is composed of at least one second symbol, The first received power is an average value for the at least one first symbol of the received power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the first resource in each symbol of the at least one first symbol, and A method wherein the second received power is an average value for the at least one second symbol of the received power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the second resource in each symbol of the at least one second symbol.

19. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: Based on the first resource, perform inter-device control channel transmission related to transmission of the first inter-device reference signal; and Based on the second resource, the transmission of the first device-to-device reference signal is performed, A second device, wherein an average value of a first reception power measured based on the first resource and a second reception power measured based on the second resource is determined as a reception signal strength index related to the first device-to-device reference signal.

20. In paragraph 19, The time domain of the first resource is composed of at least one first symbol, The time domain of the second resource is composed of at least one second symbol, The first received power is an average value for the at least one first symbol of the received power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the first resource in each symbol of the at least one first symbol, and A second device, wherein the second received power is an average value for the at least one second symbol of the received power values ​​measured through all resource elements constituting the second resource in each symbol of the at least one second symbol.

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