Dynamic QOS switching
Dynamic QoS switching in wireless communication systems addresses the challenge of changing traffic patterns in XR sessions by using QoS flow identifiers to adjust QoS settings in real-time, enhancing the quality and reliability of XR services.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/096454
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems struggle to dynamically adjust Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in response to changing traffic patterns, particularly in Extended Reality (XR) sessions where traffic characteristics can vary significantly due to scene changes, user interactions, and file downloads.
The implementation of dynamic QoS switching apparatuses and methods that allow for the reception of information about data flows and associated QoS requirements, enabling the provision of different QoS flow identifiers (QFIs) to network entities. These QFIs indicate switches between different QoS settings based on indications from an application server, allowing for dynamic adjustments to QoS for downlink and uplink packets.
This solution enables efficient dynamic QoS switching, effectively managing asymmetric traffic in XR sessions by adjusting QoS settings in real-time, thereby improving the quality and reliability of XR services.
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Figure CN2024096454_27032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DYNAMIC QOS SWITCHINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to apparatuses and methods for dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) switching.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Certain Extended Reality and Media service (XRM) features work best when a traffic pattern is mostly static. However, the traffic pattern of an extended reality (XR) session may change (i.e., it can be dynamic) based on the usage or applications.
[0004] One example case where the traffic pattern or traffic characteristic can change dynamically is the size of media frames vary due to scene changes that may occur at times such as initial start-up or due to user drags on a progress bar. Another example is related to file download (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI) model update) before the session can continue.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need to study how to support dynamic change (via user plane) in traffic characteristics (e.g., burst related parameters) provided by the application in a data network (DN) .SUMMARY
[0006] The present disclosure relates to apparatuses, UE and methods for dynamic QoS switching. With the apparatuses, UE and methods, dynamic QoS switching may be achieved.
[0007] Some implementations of a first apparatus described herein may comprise at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory. The at least one processor is configured to cause the first apparatus to: receive, from a second apparatus, information about a data flow, a first set of QoS requirements and a second set of QoS requirements for the data flow; and provide a third apparatus with a first QoS flow identifier (QFI) and a second QFI for the data flow identified by the information about the data flow, wherein the first QFI is associated with the first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with the second set of QoS requirements.
[0008] In some implementations, the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the third apparatus to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server, between the first QFI and the second QFI for downlink packets of the data flow. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0009] In some implementations, the first apparatus is further caused to: receive a third indication from the second apparatus, herein the third indication indicates the third apparatus to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server, between the first QFI and the second QFI for downlink packets of the data flow, wherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server; and provide the third apparatus with the third indication.
[0010] In some implementations, the first apparatus is further caused to: provide a user equipment (UE) with the first QFI and the second QFI, wherein the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the UE to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server or a Radio Access Network (RAN) node, between the first QFI and the second QFI for uplink packets of the data flow. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0011] In some implementations, the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the third apparatus to enable a reflective QoS indicator (RQI) marking in downlink packets for the data flow based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0012] In some implementations, the first apparatus is further caused to: provide the third apparatus with a fourth indication, wherein the fourth indication indicates the third apparatus to enable a reflective QoS indicator (RQI) marking in the downlink packets for the data flow based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0013] In some implementations, the first apparatus is further caused to: provide the third apparatus with a fifth indication, wherein the fifth indication indicates the third apparatus to perform one of the following: marking a fourth downlink packet for the data flow with the second QFI and a first indication upon receiving the fourth downlink packet comprising the first indication from an application server; or marking a fifth downlink packet for the data flow with the first QFI and a second indication upon receiving the fifth downlink packet comprising the second indication from the application server. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0014] In some implementations, the first indication comprises a first value which indicates that the data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication comprises a second value which indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0015] In some implementations, the first indication comprises a first flag which indicates that the data boost is performed by the application server, the second indication comprises a downlink packet without the first flag, and the downlink packet without the first flag indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0016] In some implementations, the first indication comprises first information about start time of data boost, and the second indication comprises second information about stop time of the data boost.
[0017] Some implementations of a third apparatus described herein may comprise at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory. The at least one processor is configured to cause the third apparatus to: receive, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; receive at least one first downlink packet for the data flow from an application server, wherein the at least one first downlink packet comprises a start downlink packet of the data flow; and mark the at least one first downlink packet for the data flow with the first QFI.
[0018] In some implementations, the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the third apparatus to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server, between the first QFI and the second QFI for downlink packets of the data flow. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0019] In some implementations, the third apparatus is further caused to: receive a third indication from the first apparatus, wherein the third indication indicates the third apparatus to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server, between the first QFI and the second QFI for downlink packets of the data flow, wherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0020] In some implementations, the third apparatus is further caused to: receive a second downlink packet for the data flow from the application server, wherein the second downlink packet comprises the first indication; and mark the second downlink packet with the second QFI.
[0021] In some implementations, the third apparatus is further caused to: after receiving the second downlink packet, receive a third downlink packet for the data flow from the application server, wherein the third downlink packet comprises the second indication; and mark the third downlink packet with the first QFI.
[0022] In some implementations, the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the third apparatus to enable a reflective QoS indicator (RQI) marked in downlink packets for the data flow based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0023] In some implementations, the third apparatus is further caused to: receive a fourth indication from the first apparatus, wherein the fourth indication indicates the third apparatus to enable a reflective QoS indicator (RQI) marking in the downlink packets for the data flow based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0024] In some implementations, the third apparatus is further caused to: receive a second downlink packet for the data flow from the application server, wherein the second downlink packet comprises the first indication; and mark the second downlink packet with the second QFI and the RQI.
[0025] In some implementations, the third apparatus is further caused to: after receiving the second downlink packet, receive a third downlink packet for the data flow from the application server, wherein the third downlink packet comprises the second indication; and mark the third downlink packet with the first QFI and the RQI.
[0026] In some implementations, the third apparatus is further caused to: receive a fifth indication from the first apparatus, wherein the fifth indication indicates the third apparatus to perform one of the following: marking a fourth downlink packet for the data flow with the second QFI and a first indication upon receiving the fourth downlink packet comprising the first indication from an application server; or marking a fifth downlink packet for the data flow with the first QFI and a second indication upon receiving the fifth downlink packet comprising the second indication from the application server. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0027] In some implementations, the third apparatus is further caused to: receive the fourth downlink packet for the data flow from the application server, wherein the fourth downlink packet comprises the first indication; and mark the fourth downlink packet with the second QFI and the first indication.
[0028] In some implementations, the third apparatus is further caused to: receive the fifth downlink packet for the data flow from the application server, wherein the fifth downlink packet comprises the second indication; and mark the fifth downlink packet with the first QFI and the second indication.
[0029] In some implementations, the first indication comprises a first value which indicates that the data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication comprises a second value which indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0030] In some implementations, the first indication comprises a first flag which indicates that the data boost is performed by the application server, the second indication comprises a downlink packet without the first flag, and the downlink packet without the first flag indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0031] In some implementations, the first indication comprises first information about start time of data boost, and the second indication comprises second information about stop time of the data boost.
[0032] Some implementations of a UE described herein may comprise a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to: obtain, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; and mark at least one first uplink packet for the data flow with the first QFI, wherein the at least one first uplink packet comprises a start uplink packet of the data flow.
[0033] In some implementations, the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the UE to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server or a Radio Access Network (RAN) node, between the first QFI and the second QFI for uplink packets of the data flow. In such implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0034] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: derive a first QoS rule and a second QoS rule based on the first QFI and the second QFI, wherein the first QoS rule comprises the first QFI and the second QoS rule comprises the second QFI.
[0035] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive the first indication from the application server or the RAN node; and mark a second uplink packet with the second QFI based on the second QoS rule.
[0036] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: after receiving the first indication, receive the second indication from the application server or the RAN node; and mark a third uplink packet with the first QFI based on the first QoS rule.
[0037] In some implementations, the first indication comprises a first value which indicates that the data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication comprises a second value which indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0038] In some implementations, the first indication comprises a first flag which indicates that the data boost is performed by the application server, the second indication comprises a downlink packet without the first flag, and the downlink packet without the first flag indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.
[0039] In some implementations, the first indication comprises first information about start time of data boost, and the second indication comprises second information about stop time of the data boost.
[0040] Some implementations of a method described herein may comprise: receiving, from a second apparatus, information about a data flow, a first set of QoS requirements and a second set of QoS requirements for the data flow; and providing a third apparatus with a first QFI and a second QFI for the data flow identified by the information about the data flow, wherein the first QFI is associated with the first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with the second set of QoS requirements.
[0041] Some implementations of a method described herein may comprise: receiving, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; receiving at least one first downlink packet for the data flow from an application server, wherein the at least one first downlink packet comprises a start downlink packet of the data flow; and marking the at least one first downlink packet for the data flow with the first QFI.
[0042] Some implementations of a method described herein may comprise: obtaining, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; and marking at least one first uplink packet for the data flow with the first QFI, wherein the at least one first uplink packet comprises a start uplink packet of the data flow.
[0043] Some implementations of a processor described herein may include at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: obtain, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; and mark at least one first uplink packet for the data flow with the first QFI, wherein the at least one first uplink packet comprises a start uplink packet of the data flow.
[0044] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of implementations of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0045] Figs. 1A and 1B illustrate an example of a wireless communications system that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0046] Figs. 2 to 6 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0047] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] Figs. 8 to 12 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0049] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a device that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure;
[0050] Fig. 14 illustrates an example of a processer that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with other aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0051] Figs. 15, 16 and 17 illustrate a flowchart of a method that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with other aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0052] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some implementations. It is to be understood that these implementations are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0053] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0054] References in the present disclosure to “one implementation, ” “an example implementation, ” “an implementation, ” “some implementations, ” and the like indicate that the implementation (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every implementation includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same implementation (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an implementation, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other implementations whether or not explicitly described.
[0055] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of implementations. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0056] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting of example implementations. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0057] As described above, the traffic pattern or traffic characteristic of an XR session may change (i.e., it can be dynamic) based on the usage or applications. It is assumed there is an asymmetric traffic in one data flow. That is, Data boost (or expedited transfer) may happen for the data flow, which means QoS upgrade from a low quality (e.g., 5QI=10) to a higher quality (e.g., 5QI=6) . For example, the XR application uses a lower quality 5G QoS indicator (5QI) like 5QI#10 for most of the time. When data boost is enabled, the XR application uses a higher quality 5QI like 5QI#6. When data boost is over, the XR application uses the lower quality 5QI#10 again. Therefore, there is a need to support dynamic QoS switching to support the asymmetric traffic in one data flow.
[0058] In view of the above, implementations of the present disclosure provide a solution that supports dynamic QoS switching. In one aspect of the solution, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, information about a data flow, a first set of QoS requirements and a second set of QoS requirements for the data flow. In turn, the first apparatus provides a third apparatus with a first QoS flow identifier (QFI) and a second QFI for the data flow identified by the information about the data flow. The first QFI is associated with the first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with the second set of QoS requirements. With this solution, dynamic QoS switching may be achieved. Generally, QFI value may be the same as 5QI value. Based on the specification, different 5QI values refer to different QoS requirements, e.g., Default Priority Level, Packet Delay Budget (PDR) , Packet Error Rate (PER) , Default Maximum Data Burst Volume (MDBV) etc. That is, different QFI values refer to different QoS requirements.
[0059] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0060] Fig. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100A that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100A may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more terminal devices or UEs 104, a core network 106, and a DN 108. The wireless communications system 100A may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100A may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100A may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0061] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100A. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Hereinafter, some implementations of the present disclosure will be described by taking an RAN node as an example of the network entity 102. Thus, the network entity 102 may be used interchangeably with the RAN node 102.
[0062] A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0063] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0064] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100A. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100A. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100A.
[0065] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100A.
[0066] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0067] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0068] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0069] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0070] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0071] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0072] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0073] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0074] The core network 106 may communicate with the data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The data network 108 may include an application (App) server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0075] In the wireless communications system 100A, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100A (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0076] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100A, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0077] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0078] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100A. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0079] In the wireless communications system 100A, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100A may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0080] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., =0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., =1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., =2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., =2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., =3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0081] Fig. 1B illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100B that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Specifically, Fig. 1B illustrates network entities or Network Functions (NFs) in the core network 106 as shown in Fig. 1A.
[0082] As shown in Fig. 1B, the core network 106 may comprise at least a Session Management Function (SMF) 120, a User Plane Function (UPF) 130, a Policy Control Function (PCF) 140, a Network Exposure Function (NEF) 150, an Application Function (AF) 160, and an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF) 170.
[0083] In some implementations, the AMF 170 may communicate with the UE 104, the RAN node 102 and the SMF 120 via N1 interface, N2 interface and N11 interface, respectively.
[0084] In some implementations, the SMF 120 may communicate with the UPF 130 and the PCF 140 via N4 interface and N7 interface, respectively.
[0085] In some implementations, the UPF 130 may communicate with the RAN node 102 and the DN 108 via N3 interface and N6 interface, respectively. In some implementations, the UPF 130 may comprise a PDU Session Anchor (PSA) UPF.
[0086] In some implementations, the core network 106 may comprise more than one UPFs. In such implementations, one UPF may communicate with another UPF via N9 interface.
[0087] In some implementations, the NEF 150 may communicate with the PCF 140 and the AF 160 via N30 interface and N33 interface, respectively.
[0088] Hereinafter, principle of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Figs. 2 to 12.
[0089] Fig. 2 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 200 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0090] The process 200 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0091] For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 200 may involve the UE 104, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the application server 118 in the DN 108 in Fig. 1B.
[0092] In the present disclosure, it is assumed that the UE 104 supports dynamic QoS switching. For example, if the UE 104 supports dynamic QoS switching functionality, the UE 104 may indicate support of dynamic QoS switching to the SMF 120 for every protocol data unit (PDU) session.
[0093] As shown in Fig. 2, the SMF 120 receives 210, from the PCF 140, information about a data flow, a first set of QoS requirements and a second set of QoS requirements for the data flow. Hereinafter, for brevity, the first set of QoS requirements and the second set of QoS requirements are also referred to as two sets of QoS requirements for brevity.
[0094] In some implementations, the information about a data flow may comprise flow description or External Application Identifier. Hereinafter, the flow description is also referred to as one of the following: flow description information, service data flow templates / filters, a packet filter set or internet protocol (IP) -5 tuple.
[0095] In turn, the SMF 120 provides 220 the UPF 130 with a first QFI and a second QFI for the data flow identified by the information about the data flow. The first QFI is associated with the first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with the second set of QoS requirements. Accordingly, the UPF 130 receives the first QFI and the second QFI for the data flow from the SMF 120.
[0096] In some implementations, the first set of QoS requirements may comprise a first value of QoS reference (e.g., the first 5QI) and / or a first set of QoS parameters, and the second set of QoS requirements may comprise a second value of QoS reference (e.g., the second 5QI) and / or a second set of QoS parameters.
[0097] In some implementations, the first set of QoS requirements and / or the first 5QI may indicate a lower service quality level, and the second set of QoS requirements and / or the second 5QI may indicate a higher service quality level. For example, the first 5QI may be equal to 10 (referred to as 5QI#10) and the second 5QI may be equal to 6 (referred to as 5QI#6) .
[0098] In some implementations, the first QFI may indicate a lower service quality level, and the second QFI may indicate a higher service quality level. In such implementations, the first QFI may be referred to as a normal QFI, and the second QFI may be referred to as a boost QFI. For example, the first QFI may be the same as or different from the first 5QI, and the second QFI may be the same as or different from the second 5QI.
[0099] The UPF 130 receives 240 at least one first downlink (DL) packet for the data flow from the application server 118. The at least one first downlink packet comprises a start DL packet for the data flow.
[0100] In turn, the UPF 130 marks 250 the at least one first DL packet for the data flow with the first QFI. For example, the UPF 130 may insert the first QFI into each of the at least one first DL packet for the data flow. E.g., the UPF 130 inserts the first QFI into the GTP-U header of each of the at least one first DL packet for the data flow.
[0101] The SMF 120 also provides 230 the UE 104 with the first QFI and the second QFI for the data flow identified by a packet filter set.
[0102] In turn, the UE 104 marks 260 at least one first uplink (UL) packet for the data flow with the first QFI. The at least one first UL packet comprises a start UL packet for the data flow. For example, the UE 104 may insert the first QFI into each of the at least one first UL packet for the data flow. E.g., the UE 104 inserts the first QFI into the SDAP header of each of the at least one first UL packet for the data flow.
[0103] Fig. 3 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 300 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 300 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. The process 300 may relate to SMF configuration for dynamic QoS switching. For example, the process 300 may be considered as an example implementation of actions 210, 220 and 230 in the process 200.
[0104] The process 300 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0105] For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 300 may involve the UE 104, the RAN node 102, the AMF 170, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the NEF 150 and the AF 160 in Fig. 1B.
[0106] As shown in Fig. 3, the AF 160 provides 310 the NEF 150 with one flow description as well as two sets of QoS requirements and a third indication.
[0107] The two sets of QoS requirements comprise the first set of QoS requirements and the second set of QoS requirements as described above with reference to Fig. 2.
[0108] The third indication indicates the UPF 130 to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from the application server 118, between the first QFI and the second QFI for DL packets of the data flow. Hereinafter, the third indication is also referred to as a dynamic QoS indication or dynamic QoS flow switching indication. The dynamic QoS indication can also be called asymmetric traffic indication. The dynamic QoS indication implies that a traffic flow has dynamic QoS requirements during the transmission. The dynamic QoS indication may include dynamic DL QoS indication and / or dynamic UL QoS indication.
[0109] For example, the UPF 130 may switch from marking a first DL packet with the first QFI to marking a second DL packet with the second QFI based on the first indication. The UPF 130 may switch from marking the second DL packet with the second QFI to marking a third DL packet with the first QFI based on the second indication.
[0110] Alternatively, in some implementations, the two sets of QoS requirements may be comprised in dynamic QoS information. In such implementations, the application server 118 may or may not provide the dynamic QoS indication. For example, the application server 118 may trigger an Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Create request to include the flow description as well as two sets of QoS requirements.
[0111] In some implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost (or expedited transfer) is performed by the application server 118, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server 118. Some examples of the first indication and the second indication will be described with reference to Fig. 4 later.
[0112] In some implementations, the data boost (or expedited transfer) means QoS upgrade from a lower service quality level (e.g., 5QI=10) to a higher service quality level (e.g., 5QI=6) .
[0113] The NEF 150 provides 320 the PCF 140 with the flow description as well as the two sets of QoS requirements and the dynamic QoS indication (or dynamic QoS flow switching indication) . For example, the NEF 150 triggers an Npcf_PolicyAuthorization_Create request to include the flow description as well as the two sets of QoS requirements and the dynamic QoS indication.
[0114] Alternatively, if the AF 160 is a trusted AF, the AF 160 may provide the PCF 140 with the flow description as well as the two sets of QoS requirements and the dynamic QoS indication directly.
[0115] The PCF 140 provides 330 the SMF 120 with one Service Data Flow (SDF) template as well as the two sets of QoS requirements and the dynamic QoS indication (or dynamic QoS flow switching indication) . For example, the PCF 140 initiates a Session Management (SM) Policy Association Modification procedure to provide the above parameters in one Policy and Charging Control (PCC) rule to the SMF 120. The SDF here refers to the flow description from the AF 160.
[0116] When the SMF 120 receives a PCC rule with the dynamic QoS indication (or dynamic QoS flow switching indication or dynamic QoS information) , the PCC rule is bound to a new QoS Flow and no other PCC rule is bound to this QoS Flow. Whenever the dynamic QoS indication of an existing PCC rule is changed, the binding of this PCC rule shall not be re-evaluated.
[0117] Alternatively, the PCF 140 may provide the SMF 120 with one SDF template with one set of QoS requirements (e.g., 5QI#6) in one PCC rule, and the same SDF template with another set of QoS requirements (e.g., 5QI#10) in another PCC rule. In this case, the two PCC rules with the same SDF template shall be bound to a new QoS Flow and no other PCC rule is bound to this QoS Flow.
[0118] The SMF 120 provides 340 the UPF 130 with the first QFI and the second QFI for one packet filter set. Optionally, the SMF 120 may also provide the UPF 130 with the dynamic QoS indication. The packet filter set here refers to the flow description from the AF 160, and also the SDF template from the PCF 140. An example of packet filter set includes Source / destination IP address or IPv6 prefix, Source / destination port number, Protocol ID of the protocol above IP / Next header type, Type of Service (TOS) (IPv4) / Traffic class (IPv6) and Mask, Flow Label (IPv6) , Security parameter index and Packet Filter direction. Alternatively, the packet filter set includes IP-5 tuple.
[0119] For example, the SMF 120 triggers an N4 session modification request which comprises one packet filter set and the first QFI and the second QFI. For example, the packet filter set as well as the first QFI and the second QFI can be included in a Packet Detection Rule (PDR) . Alternatively, the packet filter set is included in PDR, and the first QFI and the second QFI are included in the associated QoS Enforcement Rule (QER) . Alternatively, the PDR includes the packet filter set, and the first associated (e.g., QER#1) includes the first QFI and the second associated QER (e.g., QER#2) includes the second QFI. The UPF 130 inserts the first QFI into the GTP-U header of the DL packets by default or when it receives data boost stop indication from Application server (e.g., from N6 metadata) or when it does not receive data boost indication from Application server after receiving the data boost indication. And the second QFI is used when UPF receives data boost indication from Application server.
[0120] Alternatively, the SMF 120 may provide the UPF 130 with two PDRs, such as PDR#1 and PDR#2. For example, PDR#1 comprises the packet filter set and the associated QER#1 comprises the first QFI. For example, PDR#2 comprises the same packet filter set and the associated QER#2 comprises the second QFI. The first QFI will be used by the UPF 130 to mark DL packets of the data flow identified by the packet filter set at first. Alternatively, PDR#2 comprises an enhanced packet filter set and the associated QER#2 comprises the second QFI, where the enhanced packet filter set includes the same packet filter set as in PDR#1 and data boost indication (or DL data boost indication) . The UPF 130 marks DL packets of the data flow identified by PDR#1, i.e., if the DL packets matches the PDR#1. The UPF 130 marks DL packets of the data flow identified by PDR#2, e.g., if the DL packets matches the PDR#2.
[0121] In some implementations, the first QFI and the second QFI may indicate the UPF 130 to switch, based on the first indication or the second indication from the application server 118, between the first QFI and the second QFI for DL packets of the data flow. In such implementations, upon receiving the first QFI and the second QFI for one packet filter set, the UPF 130 knows that it should switch between the two QFIs based on the first indication or the second indication from the application server 118. The first QFI will be used by the UPF 130 to mark DL packets of the data flow identified by the packet filter set at first or when the UPF 130 receives data boost stop indication (e.g., the second indication) from the application server 118 (e.g., from N6 metadata) or when it does not receive data boost indication from the application server 118 after receiving the data boost indication (e.g., the first indication) . The second QFI will be used by the UPF 130 to mark DL packets of the data flow identified by the packet filter set when the UPF 130 receives data boost indication from the application server 118.
[0122] Alternatively, in some implementations, the SMF 120 may additionally provide the UPF 130 with the dynamic QoS indication. Based on the dynamic QoS indication, the UPF 130 knows that it should switch between the two QFIs based on the first indication or the second indication from the application server 118.
[0123] Alternatively, the SMF 120 may only provide the UPF 130 with the second QFI for the packet filter set and the dynamic QoS indication. Upon receiving the dynamic QoS indication, the UPF 130 knows that it should switch between a default QFI and the second QFI based on the first indication or the second indication from the application server 118. The UPF 130 may mark a DL packet of the data flow identified by the packet filter set with the default QFI at first.
[0124] In some implementations, the SMF 120 may select a UPF which supports the dynamic QoS switching capability.
[0125] Optionally, the UPF 130 may respond 345 an N4 session modification response to the SMF 120.
[0126] The SMF 120 may provide 350 the RAN node 102 with the first QFI and the second QFI, QoS requirements and a PDU Session Modification Command for the UE 104 via the AMF 170. For example, the SMF 120 provides the first QFI and the first set of QoS requirements (e.g., 5QI#10) , the second QFI and the second set of QoS requirements (e.g., 5QI#6) .
[0127] The RAN node 102 provides 360 the UE 104 with AN-specific resource modification. The AN-specific resource modification comprises a PDU Session Modification Command from the SMF 120 to the UE 104. For example, the RAN node 102 configures the UE 104 with mapping of the first QFI and DRB#1, and mapping of the second QFI and DRB#2, and the PDU Session Modification Command. All the above parameters may be contained in an RRC reconfiguration message.
[0128] Besides, the PDU Session Modification Command comprises the first QFI and the second QFI for one packet filter set. For example, the packet filter set and the associated QFIs (i.e., the first QFI and the second QFI) may be included in the QoS rule contained in the PDU Session Modification Command. Specifically, the first QFI may have higher precedence value (or higher priority) than the second QFI. Alternatively, the PDU Session Modification Command only comprise the first QFI for one packet filter set. E.g., if the dynamic QoS indication only include dynamic DL QoS indication, then SMF may only configure UE with the first QFI for one packet filter set. In this case, there’s only dynamic QoS switch at the UPF 130 and no dynamic QoS switch in the UE 104.
[0129] Based on the first QFI and the second QFI for one packet filer set, the UE 104 may derive two QoS rules for the data flow identified by the packet filter set. The first QoS rule comprises the first QFI and the packet filter set. The second QoS rule comprises the second QFI and the packet filter set. The first QoS rule has higher precedence value (or higher priority) than the second QoS rule. The UE 104 marks a UL packet of the data flow identified by the packet filter set with the first QFI at first.
[0130] Alternatively, the SMF 120 may only provide the UE 104 with the second QFI for the packet filter set and the dynamic QoS indication. Upon receiving the dynamic QoS indication, the UE 104 knows that it should switch between a default QFI and the second QFI based on the first indication or the second indication from the application server 118. The UE 104 marks a UL packet of the data flow identified by the packet filter set with the default QFI at first.
[0131] The RAN node 102 responds 370 the SMF 120 with N2 SM information. The N2 SM information may comprise PDU Session ID, the list of accepted / rejected QFI (s) , AN Tunnel Information and so on.
[0132] The UE 104 responds 380 the SMF 120 with PDU Session Modification Command ACK.
[0133] Fig. 4 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 400 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 400 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. For example, the process 400 may be considered as an example implementation of actions 240 and 250 in the process 200.
[0134] The process 400 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0135] For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 400 may involve the UE 104, the RAN node 102, the AMF 170, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the NEF 150 and the application server 118 in the DN 108 in Fig. 1B.
[0136] Generally, the process 400 may relate to data transmission after SMF configuration for dynamic QoS switching. After the SMF 120 provides the UPF 130 and the UE 104 with configuration for the dynamic QoS switching via the process 300 for example, the UPF 130 may maintain both the first QFI and the second QFI for one packet filter set based on PDR and QER. The UE 104 may maintain both first QFI and second QFI for one packet filter set based on QoS rules.
[0137] As shown in Fig. 4, the UPF 130 receives 410 at least one first DL packet of a data flow from the application server 118. The at least one first DL packet comprises a start DL packet for the data flow.
[0138] In turn, the UPF 130 checks the packet filter set and marks 415 the at least one first DL packet with the first QFI or the default QFI. In other words, the UPF 130 marks the at least one first DL packet of the data flow with the first QFI or the default QFI at first. Alternatively, the UPF 130 marks the at least one first DL packet of the data flow with the first QFI based on PDR#1 as there’s no first indication from the application server 118.
[0139] The application server 118 decides 420 to perform data boost. Specifically, the application server 118 may decide to perform DL data boost or UL data boost.
[0140] Then, the UPF 130 receives 425 a second DL packet with the first indication from the application server 118. For example, the first indication may be contained in the N6 metadata or application protocol header, e.g., RTP extension header. Alternatively, it is assumed that there is N6 GTP-U tunnel between the UPF 130 and the application server 118. Then, the N6 GTP-U header comprises the first indication. The first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server 118. Alternatively, the first indication indicates that DL data boost or UL data boost is performed by the application server 118.
[0141] The UPF 130 checks the packet filter set and marks 430 the second DL packet with the second QFI in GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface based on the first indication (e.g., data boost indication or DL data boost indication) . In other words, the UPF 130 switches from marking the first DL packet with the first QFI to marking the second DL packet with the second QFI based on the first indication. Alternatively, the UPF 130 finds that PDR#2 (e.g., the packet filter set and the data boost indication) is matched for the second DL packet, then it marks 430 the second DL packet with the second QFI in GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface.
[0142] In some implementations, the first indication may comprise a first value which indicates that the data boost (or DL / UL data boost) is performed by the application server, and the second indication may comprise a second value which indicates that the data boost (or DL / UL data boost) is stopped by the application server. In such implementations, the first indication may be referred to as a data boost indication or expedited transfer indication, and the second indication may be referred to as a data boost stop indication or expedited transfer stop indication.
[0143] For example, each of one or several DL packets may comprise the data boost indication. Upon receiving an initial DL packet (such as the second DL packet) comprising the data boost indication (or DL data boost indication) , the UPF 130 starts marking the second DL packet with the second QFI in GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface. Later, each of one or several DL packets may comprise the data boost stop indication (or DL data boost indication) as shown in an action 460. Upon receiving an initial DL packet (such as a third DL packet) comprising the data boost stop indication, the UPF 130 stops marking the third DL packet with the second QFI in GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface and marks the third DL packet with the first QFI or the default QFI instead as shown in an action 465. Later, each of one or several DL packets may contain the data boost stop indication.
[0144] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first indication may comprise a first flag which indicates that the data boost (or DL / UL data boost) is performed by the application server 118, and the second indication may comprise a DL packet without the first flag. The DL packet without the first flag indicates that the data boost (or DL / UL data boost) is stopped by the application server 118 or the data boost is not enabled. In other words, absence of the first flag from the DL packet indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server 118. In such implementations, the first flag may be referred to as a data boost indication or expedited transfer indication.
[0145] For example, when the data boost is enabled by the application server 118, each DL packet may be marked with the first flag. The UPF 130 marks the second DL packet with the second QFI based on the second flag. If there is no first flag as shown in the action 460, the UPF 130 knows that the data boost is stopped. Thus, the UPF 130 marks the third DL packet with the first QFI or the default QFI instead as shown in the action 465. Alternatively, the UPF 130 finds that PDR#1 (e.g., the packet filter set) is matched for the third DL packet, then it marks 430 the third DL packet with the first QFI in GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface.
[0146] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first indication may comprise first information about start time of data boost (or DL / UL data boost) , and the second indication may comprise second information about stop time of the data boost (or DL / UL data boost) . Hereinafter, for brevity, the first information about start time of data boost is also referred to as data boost start time information, and the second information about stop time of the data boost is also referred to as data boost stop time information.
[0147] For example, the application server 118 provides the second DL packet with the data boost start time information (e.g., start time or start PDU sequence number (SN) or start PDU set SN) . Based on the data boost start time information, the UPF 130 starts marking the second DL packet with the second QFI in GTP-U header of N3 interface as shown in the action 430. Later, the application server 118 provides the third DL packet with the data boost stop time information (e.g., stop time or stop PDU SN or stop PDU set SN) . Based on the data boost stop time information, the UPF 130 stops marking the third DL packet with the second QFI in GTP-U header of N3 interface and marks the third DL packet with the first QFI or the default QFI instead as shown in the action 465.
[0148] In some implementations, the actions 425 and 430 may exist in the process 400 only when the application server 118 decide to perform DL data boost.
[0149] It is assumed that the UE 104 (e.g., NAS layer of the UE 104) checks the packet filter set and marks 435 at least one first UL packet with the first QFI. That is, the UE 104 uses the first QoS rule for the at least one first UL packet of the data flow identified by the packet filter set. The at least one first UL packet may comprise a start UL packet of the data flow.
[0150] The application server 118 transmits 440 the first indication to the UE 104.
[0151] For example, the application server 118 transmits the data boost indication (or UL data boost indication) to an application layer 104-1 of the UE 104. For another example, the application server 118 transmits the data boost start time information (or the data boost indication and the data boost start time information) to the application layer 104-1 of the UE 104.
[0152] The application layer 104-1 of the UE 104 indicates 445 the NAS layer of the UE 104 to start data boost. For example, the application layer 104-1 of the UE 104 provides the NAS layer of the UE 104 with the data boost indication. For another example, the application layer 104-1 of the UE 104 provides the NAS layer of the UE 104 with the data boost start time information (or the data boost indication and the data boost start time information) .
[0153] The UE 104 (e.g., the NAS layer of the UE 104) checks the packet filter set and marks 450, based on the second QoS rule, a second UL packet of the IP-5 tuple with the second QFI based on the data boost indication or the data boost start time information. That is, the UE 104 uses the second QoS rule for the second UL packet of the data flow identified by the packet filter set upon receiving the data boost indication from the application server 118.
[0154] In some implementations, the actions 440, 445 and 450 exist in the process 400 only when the application server 118 decide to perform UL data boost.
[0155] The application server 118 decides 455 to stop data boost.
[0156] The UPF 130 receives 460 the third DL packet from the application server 118. Details of the action 460 can be found in the description of the action 430. For example, during the data boost period, each DL packet will be marked with the data boost indication. If no data boost indication is provided for a DL packet, the UPF 130 knows that the data boost is stopped. For another example, during the data boost period, only one or several DL packets will be marked with the data boost indication. As long as the UPF 130 receives a DL packet with the data boost indication, it starts to mark the DL packet with the second QFI. Only when the UPF 130 receives a DL packet with the data boost stop indication, the UPF 130 starts to mark the DL packet with the first QFI.
[0157] The UPF 130 checks the packet filter set and marks 465 the third DL packet with first QFI in GTP-U header of N3 interface. Details of the action 465 can be found in the description of the action 430.
[0158] After transmitting the first indication, the application server 118 transmits 470 the second indication to the application layer 104-1 of the UE 104 to stop data boost. For example, the application server 118 transmits the data boost stop indication to the application layer 104-1 of the UE 104. For another example, the application server 118 transmits the data boost stop time information (or the data boost stop indication and the data boost stop time information) to the application layer 104-1 of the UE 104.
[0159] The application layer 104-1 of the UE 104 indicates 475 the NAS layer 104-1 of the UE 104 to stop data boost. For example, the application layer 104-1 of the UE 104 provides the NAS layer 104-1 of the UE 104 with the data boost stop indication to stop data boost. For another example, the application layer 104-1 of the UE 104 provides the NAS layer 104-1 of the UE 104 with the data boost stop time information (or the data boost stop indication and the data boost stop time information) to stop data boost.
[0160] The UE 104 (e.g., the NAS layer 104-1 of the UE 104) checks the packet filter set and marks 480 a third UL packet of the IP-5 tuple with the first QFI based on data boost stop indication or the data boost stop time information.
[0161] It shall be noted that the process 400 has been described by taking a single DL / UL packet marked with the second QFI and a single DL / UL packet marked with the first QFI for example. The UPF 130 may mark more than one DL packets with the second QFI as in the action 430 and / or more than one DL packets with the first QFI as in the action 465. The UE 104 may mark more than one UL packets with the second QFI as in the action 450 and / or more than one UL packets with the first QFI as in the action 480.
[0162] Fig. 5 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 500 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 500 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. The process 500 may relate to SMF configuration for dynamic QoS switching. For example, the process 500 may be considered as an example implementation of actions 210, 220 and 230 in the process 200.
[0163] The process 500 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0164] For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 500 may involve the UE 104, the RAN node 102, the AMF 170, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the NEF 150 and the AF 160 in Fig. 1B.
[0165] The process 500 is similar to the process 300. The process 500 is different from the process 300 in that the UE 104 is only configured with one packet filter set with one QFI. Besides, the UPF 130 and the RAN node 102 marks DL packets with reflective QoS indicator (RQI) as in reflective QoS scheme. The UE 104 performs reflective QoS scheme upon receiving RQI in the DL packets. In the process 500, the SMF 120 configures only the UPF 130 for dynamic QoS. Specifically, the process 500 is different from the process 300 in actions 510 and 520.
[0166] As shown in Fig. 5, the SMF 120 provides 510 the UPF 130 with the first QFI and the second QFI for one packet filter set. For example, the SMF 120 may transmit to the UPF 130 an N4 session modification request comprising the first QFI and the second QFI.
[0167] In some implementations, the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the UPF 130 to enable RQI marking in DL packets for the data flow based on the first indication or the second indication from the application server 118. The first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server 118, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server 118. Thus, upon receiving the first QFI and the second QFI, the UPF 130 may determine that it needs to mark DL packets with RQI upon receiving DL packets with the first indication or the second indication from the application server 118. In one example, the packet filter set is included in PDR, and the first QFI and the second QFI are included in the associated QER. E. g., the second QFI is used to instruct the UPF 130 to insert the second QFI in the GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface when receiving data boost indication / expediate transfer indication from the application server 118. Alternatively, the packet filter set is included in PDR, and the first QFI is included in the first associated QER#1 and the second QFI are included in the second associated QER#2. The associated QER#2 shall be used when the UPF receives data boost indication from the application server 118. Alternatively, the SMF 120 may provide the UPF 130 with two PDRs, such as PDR#1 and PDR#2.
[0168] Alternatively, in some implementations, the SMF 120 also provides the UPF 130 with a fourth indication. The fourth indication indicates the UPF 130 to enable RQI marking in DL packets for the data flow based on the first indication or the second indication from the application server 118. Thus, based on the fourth indication, the UPF 130 may determine that it needs to mark DL packets with RQI upon receiving DL packets with the first indication or the second indication from the application server 118. Hereinafter, the fourth indication is also referred to as RQI marking indication. For example, the N4 session modification request may comprise the RQI marking indication. Alternatively, the packet filter set is included in PDR, and the first QFI, the second QFI and RQI marking indication are included in the associated QER. Alternatively, the packet filter set is included in PDR, and the first QFI and RQI marking indication are included in the first associated QER#1, and the second QFI and RQI marking indication are included in the second associated QER#2. Alternatively, the SMF 120 may provide the UPF 130 with two PDRs, such as PDR#1 and PDR#2. For example, PDR#1 comprises the packet filter set and the associated QER#1 comprises the first QFI and RQI marking indication. The RQI marking indication (e.g., Down-link flow level marking) instructs the UPF 130 to set RQI to 1 in the GTP-U header of the DL packets. For example, PDR#2 comprises the enhanced packet filter set and the associated QER#2 comprises the second QFI and RQI marking indication, where the enhanced packet filter set includes the same packet filter set and data boost indication / expedited transfer indication.
[0169] In such implementations, the SMF 120 may configure the UPF 130 by setting the RQI marking indication to use reflective QoS in the QER associated with the DL (Packet Detection Rule (PDR) , which comprises IP packet filter set. Upon receiving the RQI marking indication, the UPF 130 may set the RQI in the encapsulation header on the N3 (or N9) reference point for one or more DL packets corresponding to this SDF. The RQI may indicate activation of the reflective QoS towards the UE 104 for the transferred packet. For example, if RQI is set to 1, it indicates that activation of the reflective QoS is triggered. If RQI is set to 0, it indicates that activation of the reflective QoS is not triggered.
[0170] In such implementations, the SMF 120 may configure the RAN node 102 with Reflective QoS Attribute (RQA) within the QoS Flow's QoS profile. E. g., the SMF 120 configures the RAN node 102 with RQA for QFI#1 and RQA for QFI#2, where the DL packets of QFI#1 are marked with the first QFI and the DL packets of QFI#2 are marked with the second QFI. When an RQI set to 1 is received by the RAN node 102 in a DL packet on N3 reference point, the RAN node 102 shall indicate to the UE 104 the QFI and the RQI of that DL packet. The RQI may indicate whether NAS layer should be informed of the updated of SDF to QoS flow mapping rules. For example, if RQI is set to 1, it indicates to inform NAS layer that RQI is set to 1. If RQI is set to 0, it indicates no action. For each received DL data PDU with RQI which is set to 1 in the SDAP header, the SDAP entity of the UE 104 shall inform the NAS layer of the RQI and QFI.
[0171] At 520, the RAN node 102 provides the UE 104 with AN-specific resource modification. The AN-specific resource modification comprises a PDU Session Modification Command. There is no the first QFI and the second QFI for one packet filter set contained in the PDU Session Modification Command from the SMF 120. For example, as in reflective QoS scheme, the SMF 120 does not provide a QoS rule for the data flow identified by the flow description or SDF template or packet filter set. In this way, the UE 104 may mark UL packets with a default QFI (e.g., QFI#0) at first because no corresponding QoS rule exists. Alternatively, upon receiving the third DL packet with the first QFI and the RQI set to 1, the UE 104 derives a new QoS rule for the data flow identified by the packet filter set and marks the second UL packet with the first QFI. Alternatively, the SMF 120 may provide a QoS rule which comprises the packet filter set and the first QFI (e.g., QFI#1) . In this way, the UE 104 marks the UL packets identified by the packet filter set with the first QFI (e.g., QFI#1) at first.
[0172] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 600 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 600 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. For example, the process 600 may be considered as an example implementation of actions 240 and 250 in the process 200. The process 600 may relate to data transmission after SMF configuration for dynamic QoS switching.
[0173] The process 600 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0174] For the purpose of discussion, the process 600 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 600 may involve the UE 104, the RAN node 102, the AMF 170, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the NEF 150 and the application server 118 in the DN 108 in Fig. 1B.
[0175] Actions 610, 615, 620, 625, 635, 655 and 660 in the process 600 are similar to actions 410, 415, 420, 425, 435, 455 and 460 in the process 400. Details of these actions are omitted for brevity. Alternatively, for the action 615, the UPF 130 finds that PDR#1 (e.g., the packet filter set) is matched for the second DL packet, then it marks the at least one first DL packet with the first QFI and RQI set to 1 in GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface. In this case, actions 670 and 675 follow the action 615. That is, the UE 104 derives a the QoS rule for the UL packets of the data flow identified by the packet filter set with the first QFI upon receiving the first QFI and the RQI set to 1 in SDAP header of the DL packets.
[0176] The process 600 is different from the process 400 in actions 630, 640, 645, 650, 660, 665, 670, 675 and 680.
[0177] As shown in Fig. 6, the UPF 130 checks the packet filter set and marks 630 the second DL packet with the second QFI and RQI set to 1 in GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface based on the first indication. In other words, the UPF 130 switches from marking the first DL packet with the first QFI to marking the second DL packet with the second QFI based on the first indication. In such implementations, the first indication may be referred to as a data boost indication or expedited transfer indication. Alternatively, the UPF 130 finds that PDR#2 (e.g., the packet filter set and the data boost indication) is matched for the second DL packet, then it marks 430 the second DL packet with the second QFI and RQI set to 1 in GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface.
[0178] In some implementations, the RQI may indicate activation of the reflective QoS towards the UE 104 for the transferred packet. For example, if RQI is set to 1, it indicates that activation of the reflective QoS is triggered.
[0179] In turn, the UPF 130 transmits 640 the second DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI in a GTP-U header to the RAN node 102. For example, the RQI is set to 1.
[0180] The RAN node 102 transmits 645 the second DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI in an SDAP header to the UE 104. The RQI may indicate whether NAS layer should be informed of the updated of SDF to QoS flow mapping rules. For example, if RQI is set to 1, it indicates to inform NAS layer that RQI is set to 1.
[0181] Upon receiving the third DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI set to 1, the UE 104 derives 650 a new QoS rule for the data flow identified by the packet filter set and marks the second UL packet with the second QFI. Details of the action 650 will be described with reference to Fig. 7 later.
[0182] In some implementations, the UPF 130 may set the RQI to 1 in the encapsulation header on the N3 (or N9) reference point for one or more DL packets corresponding to this SDF. For example, after marking the second DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI set to 1 at 630, the UPF 130 may also mark a fourth DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI set to 1. Then, the UPF 130 may transmit the fourth DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI set to 1 to the UE 104 via the RAN node 102. Upon receiving the fourth DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI set to 1, the UE 104 derives a new QoS rule for the data flow identified by the packet filter set and marks a fourth UL packet with the second QFI as shown at 650.
[0183] At 665, the UPF 130 checks the packet filter set and marks the third DL packet with first QFI and RQI set to 1 in GTP-U header of N3 interface. In other words, the UPF 130 switches from marking the second DL packet with the second QFI to marking the third DL packet with the first QFI based on the second indication. Alternatively, the UPF 130 marks the third DL packet of the data flow with the first QFI based on PDR#1 as there’s no first indication from the application server 118.
[0184] In some implementations, the RQI may indicate activation of the reflective QoS towards the UE 104 for the transferred packet. For example, if RQI is set to 1, it indicates that activation of the reflective QoS is triggered.
[0185] In turn, the UPF 130 transmits 670 the third DL packet with the first QFI and the RQI in a GTP-U header to the RAN node 102. For example, the RQI is set to 1.
[0186] The RAN node 102 transmits 675 the third DL packet with the first QFI and the RQI in an SDAP header to the UE 104. The RQI may indicate whether NAS layer should be informed of the updated of SDF to QoS flow mapping rules. For example, if RQI is set to 1, it indicates to inform NAS layer that RQI is set to 1.
[0187] Upon receiving the third DL packet with the first QFI and the RQI set to 1, the UE 104 derives 680 a new QoS rule for the data flow identified by the packet filter set and marks the third UL packet with the first QFI. Details of the action 680 will be described with reference to Fig. 7 later.
[0188] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The method 700 may be considered as an example implementation of the actions 645, 650, 675 and 680.
[0189] As shown in Fig. 7, at 710, the UE 104 receives a DL packet with a QFI and RQI set to 1.
[0190] At 720, the UE 104 derives a new QoS rule for the data flow identified by the packet filter set. The new QoS rule contains one UL Packet Filter set and the received QFI.
[0191] In turn, the UE 104 may determine, at 730, whether the UE 104 has a previously derived QoS rule with the same packet filter (or packet filter set) for the UL direction.
[0192] If the UE 104 does not have the previously derived QoS rule with the same packet filter (or packet filter set) for the UL direction, the method 700 proceeds to 740. At 740, the UE 104 stores the new derived QoS rule. In turn, the UE 104 marks a UL packet with the received QFI at 750.
[0193] If the UE 104 has a previously derived QoS rule or there is an existing QoS rule, the UE 104 may further determine, at 760, whether the QFI received at 710 is different from the QFI stored for the previously derived QoS rule.
[0194] If the received QFI is the same as the QFI stored for the previously derived QoS rule, the method 700 proceeds to 770. At 770, the UE 104 marks the UL packet with the QFI stored for the previously derived QoS rule.
[0195] If the received QFI is different from the QFI stored for the previously derived QoS rule, the method 700 proceeds to 780. At 780, the UE 104 replaces the QFI stored for the previously derived QoS rule with the received QFI for the derived QoS rule.
[0196] In turn, the UE 104 marks a UL packet with the received QFI at 790.
[0197] For example, regarding the actions 645 and 650 in Fig. 6, the UE 104 may perform as below.
[0198] At 710, the UE 104 receives the second DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI set to 1. At 720, the UE 104 derives a new QoS rule for the data flow identified by the packet filter set. The new QoS rule contains one UL Packet Filter set and the received QFI (i.e., the second QFI) .
[0199] Then, the UE 104 determines, at 730, that the UE 104 has not a previously derived QoS rule with the same packet filter (or packet filter set) for the UL direction. Then, the method 700 proceeds to 740. At 740, the UE 104 stores the new derived QoS rule. In turn, the UE 104 marks a UL packet with the second QFI at 750.
[0200] For example, regarding the actions 675 and 680 in Fig. 6, the UE 104 may perform as below.
[0201] At 710, the UE 104 receives the third DL packet with the first QFI and the RQI set to 1. At 720, the UE 104 derives a new QoS rule for the data flow identified by the packet filter set. The new QoS rule contains one UL Packet Filter set and the received QFI (i.e., the first QFI) .
[0202] Then, the UE 104 determines, at 730, that the UE 104 has a previously derived QoS rule with the same packet filter (or packet filter set) for the UL direction. Then, the method 700 proceeds to 760.
[0203] The UE 104 may further determine, at 760, that the first QFI received at 710 is different from the QFI stored for the previously derived QoS rule. Then, the method 700 proceeds to 780. At 780, the UE 104 replaces the QFI stored for the previously derived QoS rule with the first QFI for the derived QoS rule.
[0204] In turn, the UE 104 marks a UL packet with the first QFI at 790.
[0205] As described above, in some implementations, after marking the second DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI at 630 in Fig. 6, the UPF 130 may also mark a fourth DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI set to 1. Then, the UPF 130 may transmit the fourth DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI set to 1 to the UE 104 via the RAN node 102. Upon receiving the fourth DL packet, the UE 104 derives a new QoS rule for the data flow identified by the packet filter set and marks a fourth UL packet with the second QFI as shown at 650. In such implementations, the UE 104 may perform as below.
[0206] At 710, the UE 104 receives the fourth DL packet with the second QFI and the RQI set to 1. At 720, the UE 104 derives a new QoS rule for the data flow identified by the packet filter set. The new QoS rule contains one UL Packet Filter set and the received QFI (i.e., the second QFI) .
[0207] Then, the UE 104 determines, at 730, that the UE 104 has a previously derived QoS rule with the same packet filter (or packet filter set) for the UL direction. Then, the method 700 proceeds to 760.
[0208] The UE 104 may further determine, at 760, that the second QFI received at 710 is the same as the QFI stored for the previously derived QoS rule. Then, the method 700 proceeds to 770. At 770, the UE 104 marks a UL packet with the second QFI.
[0209] Fig. 8 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 800 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 800 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. The process 800 may relate to SMF configuration for dynamic QoS switching. For example, the process 800 may be considered as an example implementation of actions 210, 220 and 230 in the process 200.
[0210] The process 800 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0211] For the purpose of discussion, the process 800 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 800 may involve the UE 104, the RAN node 102, the AMF 170, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the NEF 150 and the AF 160 in Fig. 1B.
[0212] The process 800 is similar to the process 300. For example, in the process 800, it is assumed that the UE 104 supports dynamic QoS switching. For example, if the UE 104 supports dynamic QoS switching functionality, the UE 104 should indicate support of dynamic QoS switching to the SMF 120 for every PDU Session.
[0213] The UE 104 is configured by the SMF 120 with one packet filter set as well as the first QFI and the second QFI. It means double QoS rules applies for the same packet filter set (e.g., IP-5 tuple) . We name the first QoS rule with the packet filter set and the first QFI and the second QoS rule with the packet filter set and the second QFI. Specifically, the first QoS rule may have higher precedence value (or higher priority) than the second QoS rule.
[0214] The process 800 is different from the process 300 in an action 810.
[0215] As shown in Fig. 8, the SMF 120 provides 810 the UPF 130 with the first QFI and the second QFI for one packet filter set. The packet filter set here refers to the flow description from the application server 118, and also the SDF template from the PCF 140. For example, the SMF 120 triggers an N4 session modification request which comprises one packet filter set and the first QFI and the second QFI. In one example, the packet filter set is included in PDR, and the first QFI and the second QFI are included in the associated QER. E. g., the second QFI is used to instruct the UPF 130 to insert the second QFI in the GTP-U header of N3 / N9 interface when receiving data boost indication / expediate transfer indication from the application server 118. Alternatively, the packet filter set is included in PDR, and the first QFI is included in the first associated QER#1 and the second QFI are included in the second associated QER#2. The associated QER#2 shall be used when the UPF receives data boost indication from the application server 118. Alternatively, the SMF 120 may provide the UPF 130 with two PDRs, such as PDR#1 and PDR#2.
[0216] In some implementations, the first QFI and the second QFI may indicate the UPF 130 to perform one of the following: marking a fourth DL packet for the data flow with the second QFI and a first indication upon receiving the fourth DL packet comprising the first indication from the application server 118; or marking a fifth DL packet for the data flow with the first QFI and the second indication upon receiving the fifth DL packet comprising the second indication from the application server 118.
[0217] Alternatively, in some implementations, the SMF 120 may also provide the UPF 130 with a fifth indication. The fifth indication indicates the UPF 130 to perform one of the following: marking a fourth DL packet for the data flow with the second QFI and the first indication upon receiving the fourth DL packet comprising the first indication from an application server 118; or marking a fifth DL packet for the data flow with the first QFI and the second indication upon receiving the fifth DL packet comprising the second indication from the application server 118. E. g., SMF may configure UPF with PDR#1 and PDR#2. PDR#1 contains the packet filter set and the associated QER#1 includes the first QFI and the fifth indication. PDR#2 contains the enhanced packet filter set and the associated QER#2 includes the second QFI and the fifth indication, where the enhanced packet filter set includes the same packet filter set as in PDR#1 and data boost indication.
[0218] For example, the SMF 120 may provide the fifth indication in the QER associated with the DL PDR.
[0219] In some implementations, the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server 118, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server 118. Some implementations of the first indication and the second indication have been described with respect to the action 430 in Fig. 4. Details of these implementations are omitted for brevity.
[0220] In turn, the UPF 130 may provide, to the RAN node 102 over GTP-U, the fourth DL packet with the second QFI and the first indication or the fifth DL packet with the first QFI and the second indication. For example, the first indication or the second indication may be contained in new RTP Header Extensions or other type of transport protocols or N6 metadata.
[0221] Then, the RAN node 102 may forward the first indication or the second indication to the UE 104. Then, the UE 104 may switch, the first indication or the second indication from the RAN node 102, between the first QFI and the second QFI for UL packets of the data flow
[0222] For example, upon receiving a DL packet with the data boost indication (or with the data boost indication set to 1) , the UE 104 knows that the QoS rule for the packet filter set (e.g., IP-5 tuple) should be switched. The UE 104 selects the second QoS rule for the packet filter set (e.g., IP-5 tuple) . The second QoS rule comprises the packet filter set and the second QFI. The UE 104 marks UL packets of the IP-5 tuple with the second QFI based on the second QoS rule.
[0223] Alternatively, the data boost indication contained in the DL packets transmitted from the application server 118 can be split into a DL data boost indication and a UL data boost indication. If only the DL data boost indication is included, then the UPF 130 does not include the data boost indication in the GTP-U header towards the RAN node 102. The UPF 130 only marks the DL packets with the second QFI in the GTP-U header towards the RAN node in this case. The UPF 130 only includes the data boost indication (or set the data boost indication to 1) in the GTP-U header towards the RAN node 102 when receiving a DL packet with the UL data boost indication which is set to 1.
[0224] For example, upon receiving a DL packet with the data boost stop indication (or with the data boost indication set to 0) , the UE 104 knows that the QoS rule for the packet filter set (e.g., IP-5 tuple) should be switched. The UE 104 selects the first QoS rule for the packet filter set (e.g., IP-5 tuple) . The first QoS rule comprises the packet filter set and the first QFI. The UE 104 marks UL packets of the IP-5 tuple with the first QFI based on the first QoS rule.
[0225] Hereinafter, some implementations of QoS to DRB switching in AS layer will be described with reference to Figs. 9 to 12.
[0226] In some implementations, AS reflective remapping may be reused to support dynamic QoS switching and no UE impact is expected. That is, neither the UPF 130 nor the UE 104 is configured with two QFIs for one packet filter set as described above. The SMF 120 configures the RAN node 102 with a first QFI (e.g., QFI#1) and the associated two sets of QoS requirements, and the dynamic QoS indication. The RAN node 102 keeps mapping of QFI#1 to a first DRB (also referred to as DRB#1, e.g., normal DRB) and a second DRB (also referred to as DRB#2, e.g., boost DRB) . The QoS flow is mapped to DRB#1 at first.
[0227] The RAN node 102 configures the UE 104 with the mapping of the first QFI (e.g., QFI#1) and DRB#1. Upon receiving DL packets with the data boost indication from the application server 118, the UPF 130 marks the data boost indication in GTP-U header of the DL packets towards the RAN node 102. The RAN node 102 then maps the QoS flow of QFI#1 to DRB#2 and triggers the UE 104 to perform reflective remapping in AS layer.
[0228] Upon receiving DL packets marked with QFI#1 and Reflective QoS flow to DRB mapping Indication (RDI) set to 1 in SDAP header of DRB#2, the UE 104 maps UL packets of the QoS flow QFI#1 to DRB#2. Later, the UPF 130 marks the data boost stop indication in GTP-U header of the DL packets towards the RAN node 102. Upon receiving DL packets marked with QFI#1 and RDI set to 1 in SDAP header of DRB#1, the UE 104 maps UL packets of the QoS flow QFI#1 to DRB#2. Alternatively, two logical channels (LCHs) are used instead of two DRBs. That is, QFI#1 is mapped to DRB#1, but switching between LCH#1 and LCH#2 is performed. In the following implementations, DRB can be replaced by LCH.
[0229] Fig. 9 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 900 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 900 may relate to SMF configuration for dynamic QoS switching.
[0230] The process 900 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0231] For the purpose of discussion, the process 900 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 900 may involve the UE 104, the RAN node 102, the AMF 170, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the NEF 150 and the AF160 in Fig. 1B.
[0232] Actions 910, 920, 930, 945, 970 and 980 in the process 900 are similar to actions 310, 320, 330, 345, 370 and 380 in the process 300. Details of these actions are omitted for brevity.
[0233] The process 900 is different from the process 300 in actions 940, 950 and 960.
[0234] As shown in Fig. 9, the SMF 120 provides 940 the UPF 130 with a packet filter set, QFI#1 and dynamic QoS marking indication. The packet filter set here refers to the flow description from the application server 118, and also refers to the SDF template from the PCF 140. For example, the SMF 120 triggers an N4 session modification request which comprises the packet filter set, QFI and the dynamic QoS marking indication. For example, the dynamic QoS marking indication can be included in QER associated with the PDR.
[0235] In some implementations, the dynamic QoS marking indication may indicate the UPF 130 to mark a DL packet with the data boost indication based on the data boost indication from the application server 118.
[0236] The SMF 120 provides 950 the RAN node 102 with QFI#1 and the associated two sets of QoS requirements, a reflective remapping indication and PDU Session Modification Command for the UE 104 via the AMF 170. For example, the SMF 120 provides QFI#1 and the associated QoS requirement#1 (e.g., 5QI#10) and QoS requirement #2 (e.g., 5QI#6) . The reflective remapping indication may indicate the RAN node 102 to perform reflective remapping based on the data boost indication or the data boost stop indication from the UPF 130.
[0237] Alternatively, the reflective remapping indication may be omitted. That is, upon receiving QFI#1 and the associated two sets of QoS requirements, the RAN node 102 will perform reflective remapping based on the data boost indication or the data boost stop indication from the UPF 130.
[0238] The RAN node 102 provides 960 the UE 104 with AN-specific resource modification which comprises PDU Session Modification Command. For example, the RAN node 102 configures the UE 104 with the mapping of the first QFI (e.g., QFI#1) and DRB#1 and the PDU Session Modification Command. DRB#1 is associated with QoS requirement#1 (e.g., 5QI#10) . All the above parameters may be contained in the RRC reconfiguration message. Besides, the RAN node 102 set as-ReflectiveQoS as true in the SDAP-Parameters in RRC reconfiguration message. Based on as-Reflective QoS set to true, the UE 104 knows that QoS flow to DRB remapping in AS layer is enabled. Besides, PDU Session Modification Command comprises QFI#1 and packet filter set.
[0239] Fig. 10 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 1000 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1000 may relate to data transmission after SMF configuration for dynamic QoS switching. For example, the process 1000 may be performed after the process 900.
[0240] The process 1000 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0241] For the purpose of discussion, the process 1000 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 1000 may involve the UE 104, the RAN node 102, the AMF 170, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the NEF 150 and the application server 118 in the DN 108 in Fig. 1B.
[0242] Generally, after the SMF 120 configures the RAN node 102 via the process 900 for example, the RAN node 102 may perform the process 1000 to perform QoS flow to DRB remapping to enable dynamic QoS switching.
[0243] As shown in Fig. 10, the RAN node 102 receives 1010 DL packets from the UPF 130.
[0244] The RAN node 102 maps 1015 DL packets of the QFI#1 to DRB#1.
[0245] The application server 118 decides 1020 to perform data boost.
[0246] The UPF 130 receives 1025 DL packets with data boost indication from the application server 118.
[0247] The UPF 130 checks the packet filter set and marks 1030 the DL packets with QFI#1 and the data boost indication in GTP-U header of N3 interface.
[0248] The UPF 130 transmits 1035 DL packets with QFI#1 and the data boost indication in GTP-U header to the RAN node 102.
[0249] Upon receiving the data boost indication, the RAN node 102 knows that QoS flow to DRB remapping should be triggered. The RAN node 102 maps 1040 the DL packets of QFI#1 to DRB#2 instead of DRB#1. DRB#2 is associated with QoS requirement#2 (e.g., 5QI#6) .
[0250] The RAN node 102 sends 1045 DL packets with QFI#1 and RDI set to 1 in SDAP header of DRB#2 to the UE 104.
[0251] Upon receiving the RDI set to 1, the UE 104 knows that QoS flow to DRB remapping should be performed. The UE 104 stores QFI#1 to DRB#2 of the DL SDAP data PDU as the QoS flow to DRB mapping rule for the UL. The UE 104 maps 1050 UL packets of QFI#1 to DRB#2 based on the stored QoS flow to DRB mapping rule for the UE 104. The SDAP layer of the UE 104 constructs an end-marker control PDU, maps it to DRB#1 and submits it to the lower layers. The UE 104 starts sending out UL packets to DRB#2 until the end-marker control PDU is sent out.
[0252] The application server 118 decides 1055 to stop data boost.
[0253] The RAN node 102 receives 1060 DL packets from the UPF 130.
[0254] In some implementations, during the data boost period, each DL packets will be marked with the data boost indication. And if no data boost indication is provided for the DL packets, the UPF 130 knows that the data boost is stopped.
[0255] Alternatively, in some implementations, during the data boost period, only one or several DL packets will be marked with the data boost indication. As long as the UPF 130 receives a DL packet with the data boost indication, it starts to mark the DL packets with the data boost indication. Only when the UPF 130 receives DL packets with the data boost stop indication, the UPF 130 starts to mark the DL packets with the data boost stop indication or mark the DL packets with no additional indication.
[0256] Upon receiving the DL packets without the data boost indication or with the data boost stop indication, the RAN node 102 knows that QoS flow to DRB remapping should be triggered. The RAN node 102 maps 1065 the DL packets of QFI#1 back to DRB#1. DRB#1 is associated with QoS requirement#1 (e.g., 5QI#10) .
[0257] The RAN node 102 sends 1070 DL packets with QFI#1 and RDI set to 1 in SDAP header of DRB#1 to the UE 104.
[0258] It is assumed that only if the end-marker control PDU from the UE 104 in the action 1050 is received, the RAN node 102 starts to do the reflective remapping, i.e., from “QFI#1 to DRB#2” to “QFI#1 to DRB#1” .
[0259] Upon receiving the RDI set to 1, the UE 104 knows that QoS flow to DRB remapping should be performed. The UE 104 stores QFI#1 to DRB#1 of the DL SDAP data PDU as the QoS flow to DRB mapping rule for the UL. The UE 104 maps 1075 UL packets of QFI#1 to DRB#1 based on the stored QoS flow to DRB mapping rule for the UE 104. The SDAP layer of the UE 104 constructs and end-marker control PDU, maps it to DRB#2 and submits it to the lower layers.
[0260] In some implementations, the SMF 120 configures the RAN node 102 with one QFI and the associated two sets of QoS requirements, and the dynamic QoS indication. The RAN node 102 keeps the mapping of QFI#1 to the first DRB (also referred to as DRB#1, e.g., normal DRB) and the second DRB (also referred to as DRB#2, e.g., boost DRB) . The RAN node 102 configures the UE 104 with the mapping of QFI#1 to DRB#1 and DRB#2. The QoS flow is mapped to the DRB#1 at first. Upon receiving DL packets with data boost indication from the application server 118, the UPF 130 marks the data boost indication in GTP-U header of the DL packets towards the RAN node 102. The RAN node 102 then maps the QoS flow to DRB#2. Upon receiving instruction from the RAN node 102, the UE 104 maps UL packets of the QoS flow to DRB#2. Later, the UPF 130 marks the data boost stop indication in GTP-U header of the DL packets towards the RAN node 102. Upon receiving instruction from the RAN node 102, the UE 104 maps UL packets of the QoS flow to DRB#1. Such implementations will be described with reference to Figs. 11 and 12.
[0261] Fig. 11 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 1100 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1100 may relate to SMF configuration for dynamic QoS switching.
[0262] The process 1100 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0263] For the purpose of discussion, the process 1100 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 1100 may involve the UE 104, the RAN node 102, the AMF 170, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the NEF 150 and the AF 160 in Fig. 1B.
[0264] Actions 1110, 1120, 1130, 1140, 1145, 1150, 1170 and 1180 in the process 1100 are similar to actions 910, 920, 930, 940, 945, 950, 970 and 980 in the process 900. Details of these actions are omitted for brevity.
[0265] The process 1100 is different from the process 900 only in an action 1160.
[0266] As shown in Fig. 11, the RAN node 102 provides 1160 the UE 104 with AN-specific resource modification which comprises PDU Session Modification Command. For example, the RAN node 102 configures the UE 104 with the mapping of QFI (e.g., QFI#1) and (DRB#1, DRB#2) and the PDU Session Modification Command. DRB#1 is associated with QoS requirement#1 (e.g., 5QI#10) . DRB#2 is associated with QoS requirement#2 (e.g., 5QI#6) . All the above parameters may be contained in the RRC reconfiguration message. Based on the mapping, the UE 104 knows that QoS flow switching between two DRBs in AS layer is enabled. Besides, the PDU Session Modification Command comprises QFI#1 and packet filter set.
[0267] Fig. 12 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 1200 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1200 may relate to data transmission after SMF configuration for dynamic QoS switching. For example, the process 1200 may be performed after the process 1100.
[0268] The process 1200 may involve a first apparatus, a second apparatus, a third apparatus. In some implementations, the first apparatus may perform the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the first apparatus may perform other network function than the SMF 120 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the second apparatus may perform the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the PCF 140 in Fig. 1B. In some implementations, the third apparatus may perform the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B. Alternatively, the second apparatus may perform other network function than the UPF 130 in Fig. 1B.
[0269] For the purpose of discussion, the process 1200 will be described with reference to Fig. 1B. The process 1200 may involve the UE 104, the RAN node 122, the AMF 170, the SMF 120, the UPF 130, the PCF 140, the NEF 150 and the application server 118 in the DN 108 in Fig. 1B.
[0270] Generally, after the RAN node 102 configures the UE 104 via the process 1100 for example, the UE 104 may perform the process 1200 to perform QoS flow to DRB remapping to enable dynamic QoS switching.
[0271] Actions 1210, 1215, 1220, 1225, 1230, 1235, 1240, 1265 and 1270 in the process 1200 are similar to actions 1010, 1015, 1020, 1025, 1030, 1035, 1040, 1055, 1060 and 1065 in the process 1000. Details of these actions are omitted for brevity.
[0272] The process 1200 is different from the process 1000 only in actions 1245, 1250, 1270 and 1275.
[0273] As shown in Fig. 12, the RAN node 102 indicates 1245 the UE 104 to perform dynamic QoS switching either by DL MAC Control Element (CE) or RRC signaling or SDAP / RLC / PDCP control PDU. Alternatively, RDI in SDAP header may be reused here, i.e., the RAN node 102 sends DL packets with QFI#1 and RDI set to 1 in SDAP header of DRB#2 to the UE 104. That is, RDI set to 1 indicates dynamic QoS switching in this example.
[0274] Upon receiving instruction from the RAN node 102, the UE 104 knows that dynamic QoS switching should be performed. The UE 104 switches QFI#1 from DRB#1 to DRB#2 based on the mapping of QFI#1 and (DRB#1, DRB#2) . The UE 104 maps 1250 UL packets of QFI#1 to DRB#2.
[0275] The RAN node 102 indicates1270 the UE 104 to perform dynamic QoS switching either by DL MAC CE or RRC signaling or SDAP / RLC / PDCP control PDU. Alternatively, RDI in SDAP header may be reused here, i.e., the RAN node 102 sends DL packets with QFI#1 and RDI set to 1 in SDAP header of DRB#1 to the UE 104.
[0276] Upon receiving instruction from the RAN node 102, the UE 104 knows that dynamic QoS switching should be performed. The UE 104 switches QFI#1 from DRB#2 to DRB#1 based on the mapping of QFI#1 and (DRB#1, DRB#2) . The UE 104 maps 1275 UL packets of QFI#1 to DRB#1.
[0277] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a device 1300 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1300 may be an example of a first apparatus, a second apparatus or the UE 104 as described herein. The device 1300 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 1300 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1302, a memory 1304, a transceiver 1306, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1308. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0278] The processor 1302, the memory 1304, the transceiver 1306, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1302, the memory 1304, the transceiver 1306, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0279] In some implementations, the processor 1302, the memory 1304, the transceiver 1306, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1302 and the memory 1304 coupled with the processor 1302 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1302, instructions stored in the memory 1304) .
[0280] For example, the processor 1302 may support wireless communication at the device 1300 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1302 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a second apparatus, information about a data flow, a first set of QoS requirements and a second set of QoS requirements for the data flow; and providing a third apparatus with a first QFI and a second QFI for the data flow identified by the information about the data flow, wherein the first QFI is associated with the first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with the second set of QoS requirements.
[0281] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1302 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; receiving at least one first downlink packet for the data flow from an application server, wherein the at least one first downlink packet comprises a start downlink packet of the data flow; and marking the at least one first downlink packet for the data flow with the first QFI.
[0282] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1302 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: obtaining, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; and marking at least one first uplink packet for the data flow with the first QFI, wherein the at least one first uplink packet comprises a start uplink packet of the data flow.
[0283] The processor 1302 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1302 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1302. The processor 1302 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1304) to cause the device 1300 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0284] The memory 1304 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1304 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1302 cause the device 1300 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1302 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1304 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0285] The I / O controller 1308 may manage input and output signals for the device 1300. The I / O controller 1308 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1308 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1308 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1308 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1306. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1300 via the I / O controller 1308 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1308.
[0286] In some implementations, the device 1300 may include a single antenna 1310. However, in some other implementations, the device 1300 may have more than one antenna 1310 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1306 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1310, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1306 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1306 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1310 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1310. The transceiver 1306 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0287] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1310 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0288] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1310 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0289] Fig. 14 illustrates an example of a processer 1400 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with other aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1400 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1400 may include a controller 1402 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1400 may optionally include at least one memory 1404. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1400 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1406. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0290] The processor 1400 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1400) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0291] The controller 1402 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1400 to cause the processor 1400 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1402 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1400, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1400. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0292] The controller 1402 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1404 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1400 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1402 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1404. The controller 1402 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1402 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1400 to cause the processor 1400 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1402 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1400. The controller 1402 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1400.
[0293] The memory 1404 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1400 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1404 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1400) . In some other implementations, the memory 1404 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1400) .
[0294] The memory 1404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1400, cause the processor 1400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1402 and / or the processor 1400 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1404 to cause the processor 1400 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization) . For example, the processor 1400 and / or the controller 1402 may be coupled with or to the memory 1404, the processor 1400, the controller 1402, and the memory 1404 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1400 may include multiple processors and the memory 1404 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0295] The one or more ALUs 1406 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1406 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1400) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1406 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1400) . One or more ALUs 1406 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1406 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1406 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1406 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1406 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0296] The processor 1400 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1400 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a second apparatus, information about a data flow, a first set of QoS requirements and a second set of QoS requirements for the data flow; and providing a third apparatus with a first QFI and a second QFI for the data flow identified by the information about the data flow, wherein the first QFI is associated with the first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with the second set of QoS requirements.
[0297] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1400 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; receiving at least one first downlink packet for the data flow from an application server, wherein the at least one first downlink packet comprises a start downlink packet of the data flow; and marking the at least one first downlink packet for the data flow with the first QFI.
[0298] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1400 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: obtaining, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; and marking at least one first uplink packet for the data flow with the first QFI, wherein the at least one first uplink packet comprises a start uplink packet of the data flow.
[0299] Fig. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1500 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be performed by a first apparatus as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0300] At 1510, the method may include receiving, from a second apparatus, information about a data flow, a first set of QoS requirements and a second set of QoS requirements for the data flow. The operations of 1510 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1B.
[0301] At 1520, the method may include providing a third apparatus with a first QFI and a second QFI for the data flow identified by the information about the data flow, wherein the first QFI is associated with the first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with the second set of QoS requirements. The operations of 1520 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1B.
[0302] Fig. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1600 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by a second apparatus as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0303] At 1610, the method may include receiving, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements. The at least one IP address is associated with a first PDU session of the UE. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1B.
[0304] At 1620, the method may include receiving at least one first downlink packet for the data flow from an application server, wherein the at least one first downlink packet comprises a start downlink packet of the data flow. The operations of 1620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1B.
[0305] At 1630, the method may include marking the at least one first downlink packet for the data flow with the first QFI. The operations of 1630 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1630 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1B.
[0306] Fig. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1700 that supports dynamic QoS switching in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by the UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0307] At 1710, the method may include obtaining, from a first apparatus, a first QFI and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1A or 1B.
[0308] At 1720, the method may include marking at least one first uplink packet for the data flow with the first QFI, wherein the at least one first uplink packet comprises a start uplink packet of the data flow. The operations of 1720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1A or 1B.
[0309] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1A to 12 are also applicable to the device 1300, the processor 1400 as well as the methods 1500, 1600 and 1700.
[0310] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0311] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0312] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0313] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0314] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on”shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0315] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first apparatus, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first apparatus to:receive, from a second apparatus, information about a data flow, a first set of Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and a second set of QoS requirements for the data flow; andprovide a third apparatus with a first QoS flow identifier (QFI) and a second QFI for the data flow identified by the information about the data flow, wherein the first QFI is associated with the first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with the second set of QoS requirements.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the third apparatus to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server, between the first QFI and the second QFI for downlink packets of the data flow; andwherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.3.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is further caused to:receive a third indication from the second apparatus, wherein the third indication indicates the third apparatus to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server, between the first QFI and the second QFI for downlink packets of the data flow, wherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server; andprovide the third apparatus with the third indication.4.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is further caused to:provide a user equipment (UE) with the first QFI and the second QFI, wherein the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the UE to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server or a Radio Access Network (RAN) node, between the first QFI and the second QFI for uplink packets of the data flow; andwherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.5.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the third apparatus to enable a reflective QoS indicator (RQI) marking in downlink packets for the data flow based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server; andwherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.6.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is further caused to:provide the third apparatus with a fourth indication, wherein the fourth indication indicates the third apparatus to enable a reflective QoS indicator (RQI) marking in the downlink packets for the data flow based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server; andwherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.7.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is further caused to:provide the third apparatus with a fifth indication, wherein the fifth indication indicates the third apparatus to perform one of the following:marking a fourth downlink packet for the data flow with the second QFI and a first indication upon receiving the fourth downlink packet comprising the first indication from an application server; ormarking a fifth downlink packet for the data flow with the first QFI and a second indication upon receiving the fifth downlink packet comprising the second indication from the application server; andwherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.8.A third apparatus, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third apparatus to:receive, from a first apparatus, a first Quality of Service (QoS) flow identifier (QFI) and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements;receive at least one first downlink packet for the data flow from an application server, wherein the at least one first downlink packet comprises a start downlink packet of the data flow; andmark the at least one first downlink packet for the data flow with the first QFI.9.The third apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the third apparatus to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server, between the first QFI and the second QFI for downlink packets of the data flow; andwherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.10.The third apparatus of claim 8, wherein the third apparatus is further caused to:receive a third indication from the first apparatus, wherein the third indication indicates the third apparatus to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server, between the first QFI and the second QFI for downlink packets of the data flow, wherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.11.The third apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the third apparatus is further caused to:receive a second downlink packet for the data flow from the application server, wherein the second downlink packet comprises the first indication; andmark the second downlink packet with the second QFI.12.The third apparatus of claim 11, wherein the third apparatus is further caused to:after receiving the second downlink packet, receive a third downlink packet for the data flow from the application server, wherein the third downlink packet comprises the second indication; andmark the third downlink packet with the first QFI.13.The third apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the third apparatus to enable a reflective QoS indicator (RQI) marked in downlink packets for the data flow based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server; andwherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.14.The third apparatus of claim 8, wherein the third apparatus is further caused to:receive a fourth indication from the first apparatus, wherein the fourth indication indicates the third apparatus to enable a reflective QoS indicator (RQI) marking in the downlink packets for the data flow based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server; andwherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.15.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:obtain, from a first apparatus, a first Quality of Service (QoS) flow identifier (QFI) and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; andmark at least one first uplink packet for the data flow with the first QFI, wherein the at least one first uplink packet comprises a start uplink packet of the data flow.16.The UE of claim 15, wherein the first QFI and the second QFI indicate the UE to switch, based on a first indication or a second indication from an application server or a Radio Access Network (RAN) node, between the first QFI and the second QFI for uplink packets of the data flow; andwherein the first indication indicates that data boost is performed by the application server, and the second indication indicates that the data boost is stopped by the application server.17.The UE of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:derive a first QoS rule and a second QoS rule based on the first QFI and the second QFI, wherein the first QoS rule comprises the first QFI and the second QoS rule comprises the second QFI.18.The UE of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive the first indication from the application server or the RAN node; andmark a second uplink packet with the second QFI based on the second QoS rule.19.The UE of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:after receiving the first indication, receive the second indication from the application server or the RAN node; andmark a third uplink packet with the first QFI based on the first QoS rule.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:obtain, from a first apparatus, a first Quality of Service (QoS) flow identifier (QFI) and a second QFI for a data flow identified by a packet filter set, wherein the first QFI is associated with a first set of QoS requirements, and the second QFI is associated with a second set of QoS requirements; andmark at least one first uplink packet for the data flow with the first QFI, wherein the at least one first uplink packet comprises a start uplink packet of the data flow.
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