Drive unit for a motor vehicle, in particular for a car, and motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive unit (1) for a motor vehicle, having a first electric machine (2), which has a first rotor (3) via which, by means of the first electric machine (2), a first vehicle wheel (11) of a vehicle axle (10) of the motor vehicle can be driven. A second electric machine (6) is provided, which has a second rotor (7) via which, by means of the second electric machine (6), a second vehicle wheel (12) of the vehicle axle (10) can be driven. A first coupling unit (15), allocated to the first vehicle wheel (11) and the first electric machine (2), is provided which can be switched between a first coupling state, in which, by means of the first coupling unit (15), the first rotor (3) is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to the first vehicle wheel (11), and a first decoupling state, in which the first vehicle wheel (11) is decoupled from the first rotor (3).

Description

[0001] Drive device for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, and motor vehicle

[0002] The invention relates to a drive device for a motor vehicle, in particular for a car. Furthermore, the invention relates to a motor vehicle with such a drive device.

[0003] DE 102018 128 836 B3 discloses a transmission device for a motor vehicle. DE 102015 016 939 A1 discloses a drivetrain device. Furthermore, DE 102016 014 857 A1 discloses a multi-stage transmission for a motor vehicle. Furthermore, DE 19923 316 A1 discloses a drive system for a motor vehicle.

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a drive device for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle with at least one such drive device, so that a particularly large range of functions of the drive device can be realized in a particularly space-saving manner.

[0005] This object is achieved according to the invention by a drive device having the features of patent claim 1 and by a motor vehicle having the features of patent claim 12. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0006] A first aspect of the invention relates to a drive device for a motor vehicle, also simply referred to as a vehicle. This means that the motor vehicle, preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, has the drive device in its fully manufactured state and can be driven by means of the drive device, in particular purely electrically. For example, in its fully manufactured state, the motor vehicle has at least or exactly two vehicle axles arranged consecutively and thus one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle, which are also simply referred to as axles. The respective vehicle axle has at least or exactly two vehicle wheels, simply referred to as wheels. The respective vehicle wheels of the respective vehicle axle are arranged, for example, on sides of the motor vehicle that are opposite one another in the transverse direction of the motor vehicle.The vehicle wheels of the motor vehicle are ground contact elements by means of which the motor vehicle can be or is supported downwards on the ground in the vertical direction of the motor vehicle. If the motor vehicle is driven along the ground while supported downwards on the ground in the vertical direction of the motor vehicle via the ground contact elements, the ground contact elements roll, in particular directly, on the ground. By means of the drive device, the vehicle wheels of at least one or exactly one of the vehicle axles can be driven. When reference is made below to the vehicle wheels or the wheels, this refers to the vehicle wheels that can be driven by means of the drive device, unless otherwise stated. The vehicle wheels that can be driven by means of the drive device are also referred to as drive wheels, drivable wheels or driven wheels.By driving the vehicle wheels, the motor vehicle as a whole can be driven. Thus, in particular, the vehicle wheels that can be driven by the drive device are the vehicle wheels on the same vehicle axle of the motor vehicle.

[0007] The drive device has a first electric machine which has a first rotor. For example, the first electric machine also has a first stator, by means of which the first rotor can be driven and is thus rotatable about a first machine axis of rotation relative to the first stator. By means of the first rotor, a first of the vehicle wheels, i.e. a first of the drive wheels, can be driven, so that the first electric machine can drive the first vehicle wheel via its first rotor. In particular, the first electric machine can provide first drive torques via a first rotor, by means of which the first vehicle wheel can be driven. The drive device also has a second electric machine which is provided in addition to the first electric machine and which has a second rotor.For example, the second electric machine also has a second stator, by means of which the second rotor can be driven and is thus rotatable about a second machine axis of rotation relative to the second stator. Very preferably, the electric machines are arranged coaxially to one another so that the machine axes of rotation coincide. By means of the second rotor, a second of the vehicle wheels, and thus a second of the drive wheels, can be driven. Thus, the second electric machine can drive the second vehicle wheel via its second rotor. In particular, the second electric machine can provide second drive torques via its second rotor, by means of which the second vehicle wheel can be driven. The first vehicle wheel and the second vehicle wheel are vehicle wheels on the same vehicle axle.This means that, for example, if the motor vehicle has the aforementioned at least or exactly two vehicle axles, one of the vehicle axles of the motor vehicle has the first vehicle wheel and the second vehicle wheel, wherein the first vehicle wheel and the second vehicle wheel are preferably arranged on the opposite sides of the motor vehicle in the transverse direction of the motor vehicle. In particular, it is provided that the first vehicle wheel can be driven by means of the first electric machine via the first rotor, bypassing the second vehicle wheel. This means that the respective drive torque does not flow or flows via the second vehicle wheel on its way from the first rotor to the first vehicle wheel.In other words, it is preferably provided that, with respect to a first torque flow along which the respective first drive torque can be transmitted from the first rotor to the first vehicle wheel in order to thereby drive the first vehicle wheel, the second vehicle wheel is not arranged downstream of the first rotor and upstream of the first vehicle wheel in the first torque flow. Accordingly, it is preferably provided that the second vehicle wheel can be driven by means of the second electric machine via the second rotor, bypassing the first vehicle wheel, so that the respective second drive torque does not flow or stream over the first vehicle wheel on its way from the second rotor to the second vehicle wheel.In other words, with respect to a second torque flow along which the respective second drive torque can be transmitted from the second rotor to the second vehicle wheel, the first vehicle wheel is not located downstream of the second rotor and upstream of the second vehicle wheel in the second torque flow. This allows the motor vehicle to be driven particularly advantageously by means of the drive device.

[0008] The drive device has a first coupling device which is assigned to the first vehicle wheel and the first electric machine and which can be switched between a first coupling state and a first decoupling state. In the first coupling state, the first rotor is coupled to the first vehicle wheel in a torque-transmitting manner by means of the first coupling device, such that in the first coupling state, torques can be transmitted between the first rotor and the first vehicle wheel via the first coupling device. In order to thus transmit, for example, the respective first drive torque from the first rotor to the first vehicle wheel, the first coupling device is in its first coupling state. In the first decoupling state, the first vehicle wheel is decoupled from the first rotor, such that no torques can be transmitted between the first vehicle wheel and the first rotor via the first coupling device.Thus, for example, the first vehicle wheel can be rotated while the first rotor is not driven by the first vehicle wheel.

[0009] The drive device also has a second coupling device which is assigned to the second vehicle wheel and the second electric machine and is provided in addition to the first coupling device and which can be switched between a second coupling state and a second decoupling state. In the second coupling state, the second rotor is coupled to the second vehicle wheel in a torque-transmitting manner by means of the second coupling device, so that in the second coupling state, torques can be transmitted between the second vehicle wheel and the second rotor via the second coupling device. In order to thus transmit, for example, the respective second drive torque from the second rotor to the second vehicle wheel via the second coupling device, the second coupling device is in its second coupling state.In the second decoupling state, the second vehicle wheel is decoupled from the second rotor, so that no torque can be transmitted between the second vehicle wheel and the second rotor via the second coupling device. Thus, for example, if the second vehicle wheel is rotated while the second coupling device is in its second decoupling state, the second rotor is no longer driven by the second vehicle wheel via the second coupling device.

[0010] The drive device also has a first parking lock which is assigned to the first vehicle wheel and the first electric machine, in particular the first rotor, and which can be switched between a first locked state and a first released state. In the first locked state, the first rotor is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a housing device of the drive device by means of the first parking lock, so that in the first locked state and in the first coupled state, the first rotor and, via the first rotor, the first vehicle wheel are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing device of the drive device by means of the first parking lock. In the first released state, the first parking lock allows relative rotations between the first rotor and the housing device, in particular about the first machine rotation axis.The drive device also has a second parking lock which is assigned to the second vehicle wheel and the second electric machine, in particular the second rotor, and is provided in addition to the first parking lock, and which can be switched between a second locked state and a second released state. In the second locked state, the second rotor is rotationally connected to the housing device of the drive device by means of the second parking lock, so that in the second locked state and in the second coupled state, the second rotor and, via the second rotor, the second vehicle wheel are rotationally connected to the housing device of the drive device by means of the second parking lock. In the second released state, the second parking lock allows relative rotations between the second rotor and the housing device, in particular about the second machine axis of rotation.

[0011] In other words, if the first parking lock is in its first locked state, the first rotor is connected to the housing device in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the first parking lock. If the second parking lock is in its second locked state, the second rotor is connected to the housing device in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the second parking lock. If the first parking lock is in its first released state, the first parking lock allows relative rotations between the first rotor and the housing device, in particular about the first machine axis of rotation. Thus, for example, the first rotor can be rotated freely and thus several times completely about the first machine axis of rotation relative to the housing device.If the second parking lock is in its second release state, the second parking lock permits relative rotations between the second rotor and the housing device about the second machine rotation axis, so that the second rotor can be freely rotated several times completely about the second machine rotation axis relative to the housing device. Thus, if the first parking lock is in its first locked state while the first coupling device is in its first coupled state, the first rotor and, through the first rotor, the first vehicle wheel are connected to the housing device in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the first parking lock.If the second parking lock is in its second locked state while the second coupling device is in its second coupled state, the second rotor is connected to the housing device in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the second parking lock and, via the second rotor, the second vehicle wheel is connected to the housing device in a rotationally fixed manner. The feature that the respective rotor and, via the respective rotor, the respective vehicle wheel are connected to the housing device in a rotationally fixed manner means that relative rotations between the respective rotor and the housing device and relative rotations between the respective vehicle wheel and the housing device are prevented. In order to drive the first vehicle wheel by means of the first rotor, the first coupling device is in its first coupled state while the first parking lock is in its first released state.The first rotor can then be rotated about the first machine axis of rotation relative to the housing device, and the first vehicle wheel can be rotated relative to the housing device, whereby the first rotor can drive the first vehicle wheel via the first coupling device. In order to drive the second vehicle wheel by means of the second rotor, the second coupling device is in its second coupling state, while the second parking lock is in its second release state. The second rotor can thus be rotated about the second machine axis of rotation relative to the housing device, and the second vehicle wheel can be rotated relative to the housing device, whereby the second rotor can drive the second vehicle wheel via the second coupling device.If the parking locks are in their locked states at the same time as the coupling devices are in their coupled states, relative rotations between the respective vehicle wheel and the housing device are prevented, whereby the motor vehicle can be secured against unwanted rolling away, particularly when it is parked on or on a slope, for example.With reference to the respective, previously mentioned torque flow, it is thus provided, for example, that a respective fixing point, at which the respective rotor is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing device by means of the respective parking lock in the respective locking state of the respective parking lock, is in the respective torque flow upstream of a respective coupling point arranged in the respective torque flow, at which the respective rotor can be selectively coupled to the respective vehicle wheel in a torque-transmitting manner or can be transmitted from the respective vehicle wheel by means of the respective coupling device.In a theoretical state in which the respective parking lock is in its respective locking state while the respective coupling device is in its respective uncoupling state, the respective rotor would be connected to the housing device in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the respective parking lock, but the respective vehicle wheel could be rotated relative to the housing device.

[0012] It can be seen that the drive device has a particularly wide range of functions, which comprises at least or exactly four functions: A first of the functions comprises or provides that by means of the first coupling device the first rotor can be selectively coupled to the first vehicle wheel in a torque-transmitting manner or decoupled from the first vehicle wheel. A second of the functions comprises or provides that by means of the second coupling device the second rotor can be selectively coupled to the second vehicle wheel in a torque-transmitting manner or decoupled from the second vehicle wheel. A third of the functions provides or comprises that by means of the first parking lock the first rotor can be rotationally connected to the housing device or the first parking lock allows relative rotations between the first rotor and the housing device, in particular about the first machine rotation axis.A fourth of the functions comprises or provides that the second rotor can be connected to the housing device in a rotationally stable manner by means of the second parking lock, or that the second parking lock allows relative rotations between the second rotor and the housing device, in particular about the second machine rotation axis. Thus, for example, the first function comprises that the first coupling device can be switched between the first coupling state and the first decoupling state. The second function comprises or provides that the second coupling device can be switched between the second coupling state and the second decoupling state. The third function comprises or provides that the first parking lock can be switched between the first locking state and the first release state. The fourth function comprises or provides that the second parking lock can be switched between the second locking state and the second release state.

[0013] In order to be able to implement this particularly broad range of functions in a particularly space-saving, lightweight, and cost-effective manner, the invention provides that the drive device has precisely one actuator common to the coupling devices and the parking locks, by means of which both the coupling devices can be switched between the coupled states and the uncoupled states, and the parking locks can be switched between the locked states and the released states. Preferably, the actuator is an electrically operable actuator. In other words, the actuator can be operated, for example, by supplying it with electrical energy. By operating the actuator, both the coupling devices and the parking locks can be actuated.In other words, by operating the actuator, both the coupling devices can be switched between the coupling states and the decoupling states and the parking locks can be switched between the locking states and the release states.

[0014] In order to be able to keep the installation space requirement particularly low, it is provided, for example, that the actuator is arranged at least partially, in particular at least predominantly and thus at least more than half or even completely, between the electrical machines with respect to the respective machine axis of rotation, so that, for example, the first electrical machine is at least partially overlapped by the actuator when viewed in a first direction coinciding with the first machine axis of rotation and pointing from the first electrical machine to the second electrical machine. Accordingly, it is preferably provided that the second electrical machine is at least partially overlapped by the actuator in a second direction coinciding with the second machine axis of rotation and pointing from the second electrical machine towards the first electrical machine.In other words, for example, the first electric machine is at least partially overlapped by the actuator when viewed towards the second electric machine, and for example, the second electric machine is at least partially overlapped by the actuator when viewed towards the first electric machine.

[0015] The actuator, also referred to as the actuator, can therefore fulfill, effect or perform all four of the functions mentioned above, whereby the installation space requirement, the weight and the cost of the drive device can be kept to a particularly low level. In addition, the invention enables, for example, a particularly simple and therefore advantageous installation of at least or exactly four sensors. A first of the sensors is designed, for example, to detect whether the first coupling device is in the first coupling state or in the first decoupling state. A second of the sensors is designed, for example, to detect whether the second coupling device is in the second coupling state or in the second decoupling state. A third of the sensors is designed, for example, to detect whether the first parking lock is in the first locking state or in the first release state.A fourth of the sensors is designed, for example, to detect whether the second parking lock is in the second locking state or in the second release state.

[0016] Alternatively, it is conceivable that the first sensor is designed to detect whether the first coupling device is in the first coupling state or in the first decoupling state. The second sensor is, for example, likewise designed to detect whether the first coupling device is in the first coupling state or in the first decoupling state. In this case, the third sensor, for example, is designed to detect whether the second coupling device is in the second coupling state or in the second decoupling state. The fourth sensor is, for example, likewise designed to detect whether the second coupling device is in the second coupling state or in the second decoupling state.In order to keep the installation space requirement, weight and costs particularly low, one embodiment of the invention provides for the actuator to have exactly one electric motor, in particular provided in addition to the electrical machines, which electric motor has a stator also referred to as a third stator and a rotor which can be driven by means of the third stator and is thus movable relative to the third stator. By moving the rotor relative to the third stator, both the coupling devices can be switched between the coupling states and the decoupling states and the parking locks can be switched between the locking states and the release states. Thus, by operating the actuator and thus the electric motor, the rotor can be driven by means of the third stator and is thus movable relative to the third stator.In other words, the electric motor, for example, can provide at least one force and / or at least one actuating torque via its rotor, whereby the actuating force and / or the actuating element can be used to switch both the coupling devices between the coupled and uncoupled states, and the parking locks between the locked and released states. This ensures a particularly compact design of the drive device.

[0017] It has proven particularly advantageous if the rotor of the electric motor is a third rotor, which is driven by the third stator and thus rotatable about a motor rotation axis relative to the third stator. Thus, for example, the electric motor can provide the aforementioned actuating torque via its third rotor. By rotating the third rotor about the motor rotation axis and relative to the third stator, both the coupling devices can be switched between the coupled and uncoupled states, and the parking locks can be switched between the locked and released states, all in a particularly space-efficient manner.

[0018] In order to be able to switch both the coupling devices between the coupling states and the decoupling states, as well as the parking locks between the locking states and the release states, in a particularly space-efficient manner, a further embodiment of the invention provides that a first actuating element, which is in particular a component of the actuator, is assigned to the first coupling device. By means of the first actuating element, the first coupling device can be switched between the first coupling state and the first decoupling state by moving the first actuating element relative to the housing device. In this case, a second actuating element, which is preferably a component of the actuator, is preferably assigned to the second coupling device.By means of the second actuating element, the second coupling device can be switched between the second coupling state and the second uncoupling state by moving the second actuating element relative to the housing device. A third actuating element, which is, for example, a component of the actuator, is preferably assigned to the first parking lock. By means of the third actuating element, the first parking lock can be switched between the first locked state and the first released state by moving the third actuating element relative to the housing device. For example, a fourth actuating element, which is preferably a component of the actuator, is assigned to the second parking lock. By means of the fourth actuating element, the second parking lock can be switched between the second locked state and the second released state by moving the fourth actuating element relative to the housing device.The actuator has a lever that can be pivoted relative to the housing about a pivot axis. For example, the pivot axis runs parallel to the respective machine rotation axis and is spaced apart from the respective machine rotation axis.

[0019] The lever has a first effective range, over which the lever interacts simultaneously with the first actuating element and the second actuating element, at least when the lever is pivoted about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, so that pivoting the lever about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device can bring about a respective movement of the first actuating element and the second actuating element relative to the housing device, whereby the first coupling device and the second coupling device can be switched, in particular simultaneously, between the coupling states and the decoupling states. Thus, it is preferably provided that the movements of the first actuating element and the second actuating element can be brought about and / or take place simultaneously.The first effective region is spaced from the pivot axis, viewed along a straight line running perpendicular to the pivot axis and intersecting the pivot axis, such that the first effective region has a first distance from the pivot axis along the straight line. Very preferably, the first effective region is a first coupling region of the lever, which is simultaneously coupled to the first actuating element and the second actuating element in and / or via its first coupling region, whereby, when the lever is pivoted about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, the lever interacts simultaneously with the first actuating element and the second actuating element.

[0020] The lever also has a second effective area, which is in particular spaced apart from the first effective area and very preferably provided in addition to the first effective area, over which the lever interacts simultaneously with the third actuating element and the fourth actuating element, at least when the lever is pivoted about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, so that by pivoting the lever about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, a respective movement of the third actuating element and the fourth actuating element can be effected relative to the housing device, whereby the first parking lock and the second parking lock can be switched between the locked states and the released states.Preferably, the movements of the third actuating element and the fourth actuating element occur simultaneously relative to the housing device or can be effected simultaneously by means of the lever via the second effective range. The second effective range is spaced along the straight line from the pivot axis such that the second coupling region has a second distance from the pivot axis, running along the straight line and different from the first distance.For example, the second effective area is a second coupling area of ​​the lever, which is coupled in its second coupling area and / or via its second coupling area, in particular simultaneously, to the third actuating element and the fourth actuating element, so that by pivoting the lever about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, the movements of the third actuating element and the fourth actuating element can be effected, in particular simultaneously.

[0021] Because the effective ranges are at different distances from the pivot axis, when, for example, the lever is driven by the actuator and thus pivoted about the pivot axis relative to the housing device, the first effective range covers a first path, also referred to as the first distance, and the second effective range covers a second path, also referred to as the second path, wherein the first path and the second path are different from one another. If, for example, the first distance is shorter than the second distance, then the first path is shorter than the second path. If, for example, the first distance is greater than the second distance, then the first path is greater than the second path.Thus, for example, by pivoting the lever about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, it is possible to switch the coupling devices between the coupling states and the uncoupling states, while omitting the actuation of the parking locks—that is, switching the parking locks between the locking states and the release states. In particular, it is thus possible, for example, to actuate the coupling devices, thus switching between the coupling states and the uncoupling states, while the parking locks remain closed or, preferably, open.Furthermore, it is thus possible, for example, to actuate the parking locks by pivoting the lever about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, thus switching between the release states and the lock states, while omitting the actuation of the coupling devices, thus avoiding switching the coupling devices between the uncoupling states and the coupling states. Thus, for example, by pivoting the lever about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, it is possible to actuate the parking locks, thus switching the parking locks between the lock states and release states, while the coupling devices remain in the uncoupling states or, preferably, in the coupling states.

[0022] In order to be able to realize a particularly advantageous range of functions of the drive device in a particularly space-efficient manner, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the second distance is greater than the first distance. Thus, for example, by pivoting the lever about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, the coupling devices can be actuated while the parking locks remain open, i.e., remain in their released states. Furthermore, it is possible, for example, to actuate the parking locks by pivoting the lever about the pivot axis and relative to the housing device, while the coupling devices remain closed, i.e., remain in their coupled states.

[0023] A further embodiment is characterized in that the pivot axis, as the first pivot axis, runs perpendicular to a first plane. In other words, the pivot axis about which the lever is pivotable relative to the housing device is also referred to as the first pivot axis, which runs perpendicular to the aforementioned first plane.

[0024] To achieve a particularly compact design, it has proven particularly advantageous if the first actuating element can be pivoted and thus moved relative to the housing device about a second pivot axis. The second pivot axis runs perpendicular to a second plane, which runs perpendicular to the first plane. The second actuating element can be pivoted and thus moved relative to the housing device about a third pivot axis, which runs parallel to the second pivot axis and thus perpendicular to the second plane. This allows the installation space requirement to be kept particularly low.

[0025] In order to actuate the coupling devices in a particularly space-saving manner, i.e. to be able to switch between the coupling states and the decoupling state, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that a first spring element is assigned to the first actuating element, which is tensioned at least in the first decoupling state and thereby provides a spring force in the first decoupling state, also referred to as the first spring force, by means of which the first actuating element can be pivoted about the second pivot axis relative to the housing device, in order to thereby switch the first coupling device from the first decoupling state to the first coupling state.The second actuating element is assigned a second spring element, which is provided in particular in addition to the first spring element and which is tensioned at least in the second decoupling state and thereby provides a spring force, also referred to as a second spring force, in the second decoupling state, by means of which the second actuating element can be pivoted about the third pivot axis relative to the housing device in order to thereby switch the second coupling device from the second decoupling state to the second coupling state.

[0026] In order to be able to realize the wide range of functions of the drive device in a particularly space-efficient manner, a further embodiment of the invention provides for the third actuating element to be translationally movable relative to the housing device along a straight first axis of movement. The first axis of movement runs perpendicular to a third plane, which runs perpendicular to the first plane. The fourth actuating element is translationally movable relative to the housing device along a straight second axis of movement, which runs parallel to the first axis of movement and thus perpendicular to the third plane.

[0027] In order to achieve a particularly compact design, it has proven particularly advantageous if the second plane runs perpendicular to the third plane. A further embodiment is characterized in that the first actuator has a first screw element which has a first thread and can be driven by the third rotor and is therefore rotatable about an element axis of rotation relative to the housing device. In particular, it is provided that the element axis of rotation coincides with the motor axis of rotation. The actuator further has a second screw element which has a second thread corresponding to the first thread and is screwed, in particular directly, to the first thread. Preferably, the second screw element is connected to the housing device in a rotationally fixed manner, at least with respect to the element axis of rotation, and is thus secured against rotation about the element axis of rotation and relative to the housing device.Because the first thread and the second thread are screwed together, in particular directly, rotations of the first screw element about the element rotation axis and relative to the second screw element and relative to the housing device can be converted into displacements of the second screw element along the element rotation axis and relative to the housing device. The second screw element can thus be pushed back and forth along the element rotation axis by rotating the first screw element back and forth about the element rotation axis relative to the second screw element. The second screw element is coupled to the lever, so that by pushing the second screw element along the element rotation axis and relative to the housing device, the lever can be pivoted about the pivot axis relative to the housing device.This allows a particularly compact design of the drive device to be realized, whereby the wide range of functions can be implemented in a particularly space-saving manner.

[0028] A second aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle, also referred to simply as a vehicle, and preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, which has at least one drive device according to the first aspect of the invention. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the invention, and vice versa.

[0029] Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0030] Fig. 1 shows a partial schematic plan view of a drive device for a motor vehicle; and Fig. 2 shows a schematic and perspective side view of an actuator of the

[0031] drive device; and

[0032] Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the actuator; and

[0033] Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a lever of the actuator; and

[0034] Fig. 5 shows a further schematic perspective view of the

[0035] actuator; and

[0036] Fig. 6 shows a further schematic perspective view of the

[0037] actuator; and

[0038] Fig. 7 shows a schematic and sectioned side view of the

[0039] actuator; and

[0040] Fig. 8 shows a further schematic and sectioned

[0041] Side view of the actuator.

[0042] In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

[0043] Fig. 1 shows a detail in a schematic plan view of a drive device 1, also referred to as an electric drive device or electric drive system, for a motor vehicle, also simply referred to as a vehicle. This means that the motor vehicle, which is preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, in its fully manufactured state has the drive device 1 and can be driven by means of the drive device, in particular purely electrically. The drive device 1 has a first electric machine 2, which has a first rotor 3 and a first stator 4. The rotor 3 can be driven by means of the stator 4 and is therefore rotatable about a first machine axis of rotation 5 relative to the stator 4. The drive device 1 has a second electric machine 6, which has a second rotor 7 and a second stator 8.The rotor 7 is driven by the stator 8 and is thus rotatable about a second machine rotation axis 9 relative to the stator 8. The rotors 3 and 7, and thus the electric machines 2 and 6, are arranged coaxially with each other, so that the machine rotation axes 5 and 9 coincide.

[0044] The motor vehicle has at least or exactly two vehicle axles arranged one behind the other and thus consecutively in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle, namely a first vehicle axle and a second vehicle axle. One of the vehicle axles can be seen in Fig. 1 and is designated by 10. The previous and following explanations regarding the vehicle axle 10 can easily be applied to the other vehicle axle of the motor vehicle and vice versa. The vehicle axle 10 has at least or exactly two vehicle wheels 11 and 12, which are arranged on opposite sides of the motor vehicle in the transverse direction of the vehicle. The transverse direction of the motor vehicle is illustrated in Fig. 1 by a double arrow 54. The vehicle wheels 11 and 12 are ground contact elements of the motor vehicle. The rotor 3 can drive the vehicle wheel 11, so that the electric machine 2 can drive the vehicle wheel 11 via its rotor 3.The rotor 7 can drive the vehicle wheel 12, so that the electric machine 6 can drive the vehicle wheel 12 via its rotor 7. In the present case, the vehicle wheel 11 can be driven by means of the rotor 3, bypassing the vehicle wheel 12, and the vehicle wheel 12 can be driven by means of the rotor 7, bypassing the vehicle wheel 11. A first gear 13, shown particularly schematically in Fig. 1, is assigned to the vehicle wheel 11 and the rotor 3, via which the vehicle wheel 11 can be driven by the rotor 3, bypassing the vehicle wheel 12. Accordingly, a second gear 14, provided in particular in addition to the first gear 13, is assigned to the rotor 7 and the vehicle wheel 12, via which the vehicle wheel 12 can be driven by the rotor 7, bypassing the vehicle wheel 11. The gears 13 and 14 are components of the drive device 1. It can be seen that the respective machine rotational axes 5, 9 run in the transverse direction of the vehicle.The respective transmission 13, 14 is arranged, for example, in the transverse direction of the vehicle and thus along the respective machine rotational axis 5, 9 between the electric machines 2 and 6, so that, for example, the electric machine 2, viewed along the machine rotational axis 5 and towards the electric machine 6, is at least partially overlapped by the transmission 13 and / or the transmission 14. Accordingly, for example, the electric machine 6, viewed along the machine rotational axis 9 and towards the electric machine 2, is at least partially overlapped by the transmission 14 and / or the transmission 13. The drive device 1 has a first coupling device 15 assigned to the first vehicle wheel 11 and the first electric machine 2, which can be switched between a first coupling state and a first decoupling state.In the first coupling state, the first rotor 3 is coupled to the first vehicle wheel 11 in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed, manner by means of the first coupling device 15. In the first decoupling state, the first vehicle wheel 11 is decoupled from the first rotor 3, so that no torque can be transmitted between the vehicle wheel 11 and the rotor 3 via the coupling device 15. The drive device 1 has a second coupling device 16 assigned to the second vehicle wheel 12 and the second electric machine 6, which second coupling device can be switched between a second coupling state and a second decoupling state. In the second coupling state, the second rotor 7 is coupled to the second vehicle wheel 12 in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed, manner by means of the second coupling device 16, i.e. via the second coupling device 16.In the second decoupling state, the second vehicle wheel 12 is decoupled from the second rotor 7, so that no torque can be transmitted between the vehicle wheel 12 and the rotor 7 via the coupling device 16.

[0045] From Fig. 2, using the example of the coupling device 15, it can be seen that the respective coupling device 15, 16 has a respective synchronization unit 17, also referred to as a synchro unit, by means of which a respective speed of the respective vehicle wheel 11, 12 can be adapted to a respective speed of the respective rotor 3, 7. In other words, in order to couple the respective rotor 3, 7 to the respective, associated vehicle wheel 11, 12 in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed, manner by means of the respective coupling device 15, 16, two respective components, in particular arranged coaxially to one another, are connected to one another in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed, manner in the respective coupling state of the respective coupling device 15, 16, for example.In the respective decoupling state of the respective coupling device 15, 16, the respective components are decoupled from one another, in particular such that the respective components can rotate relative to one another. In particular, the components are arranged coaxially with one another with respect to the respective machine rotational axes 5, 9.In particular, when the respective coupling device 15, 16 is switched over from the respective decoupling state to the respective coupling state, the respective synchro unit (synchronization unit) ensures that a speed of a first of the respective components is adapted to a speed of a second of the respective components, so that, for example, the respective coupling device 15, 16 can be switched through, that is to say can be switched from the respective decoupling state to the respective coupling state, and in particular only, when the speed between the respective components is equal, that is to say when the speed of the first of the respective components corresponds to the speed of the second of the respective components.As long as there is a speed discrepancy between the respective components, i.e., as long as the speed of the respective first component differs from the speed of the respective second component, the respective synchro unit provides a respective blocking effect that prevents the respective coupling device 15, 16 from switching through, i.e., from switching the respective coupling device 15, 16 from the respective uncoupled state to the respective coupled state. Such speed adjustment is already well known, for example, from manual transmissions in particular.

[0046] The drive device 1 also has a first parking lock 18 which is assigned to the first vehicle wheel 11 and the first electric machine 2 and which can be switched between a first locked state and a first released state. In the first locked state, the first rotor 3 is rotationally connected to a housing device 19 of the drive device 1, which is shown particularly schematically in Fig. 1 and simply referred to as the housing, by means of the first parking lock 18. In the first released state, the parking lock 18 permits relative rotations about the machine axis of rotation 5 between the rotor 3 and the housing device 19, so that in the first released state, the rotor 3 can be rotated, in particular freely, about the machine axis of rotation 5 relative to the housing device 19.

[0047] The drive device 1 also has a second parking lock 20 assigned to the second vehicle wheel 12 and the second electric machine 6, which can be switched between a second locked state and a second released state. In the second locked state, the rotor 7 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing device 19 by means of the second parking lock 20, so that the rotor 7 can no longer be rotated about the machine axis of rotation 9 relative to the housing device 19. In the second released state, the parking lock 20 permits relative rotations about the machine axis of rotation 9 between the rotor 7 and the housing device 19, so that the rotor 7 can be rotated, in particular freely, about the machine axis of rotation 9 relative to the housing device 19.If the parking lock 18 is in the first locked state while the first coupling device 15 is in the first coupled state, the rotor 3 and, via the rotor 3, the vehicle wheel 11 are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing device 19 by means of the parking lock 18, so that the vehicle wheel 11 can no longer be rotated relative to the housing device 19. If the parking lock 20 is in the second locked state while the second coupling device 16 is in the second coupled state, the rotor 7 and, via the rotor 7, the vehicle wheel 12 are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing device 19, so that the second vehicle wheel 12 can no longer be rotated relative to the housing device 19.If the vehicle wheels 11 and 12 are connected to the housing device 19 in a rotationally fixed manner, the motor vehicle is secured against unwanted rolling away, which is particularly advantageous when the motor vehicle is parked on or on a slope, for example.

[0048] The drive device 1 has a particularly wide range of functions since the coupling devices 15 and 16 can be switched between the uncoupling states and the coupling states and the parking locks 18 and 20 can be switched between the locking states and the release states.

[0049] In order to be able to implement this wide range of functions in a particularly space-efficient manner, the drive device 1 has exactly one actuator 21 assigned to both the coupling devices 15 and 16 and the parking locks 18 and 20 and common to the coupling devices 15 and 16 and the parking locks 18 and 20, by means of which both the coupling devices 15 and 16 can be switched between the coupling states and the uncoupling states, and the parking locks 18 and 20 can be switched between the locking states and the release states. From Fig.1 that the actuator 21 is arranged at least partially between the electric machines 2 and 6 when viewed in the transverse direction of the vehicle and thus along the respective machine rotational axis 5, 9, so that, for example, the electric machine 2 is at least partially overlapped by the actuator 21 when viewed along the machine rotational axis 5 and behind the electric machine 6, and so that, for example, the electric machine 6 is at least partially overlapped by the actuator 21 when viewed along the machine rotational axis 9 and towards the electric machine 2. From Figs. 1 and 2 it can be seen that the actuator 21 has precisely one electric motor 22 with, in particular precisely, a third stator 23 and, in particular precisely, a rotor as the third rotor 24, which can be driven by means of the third stator 23 and is therefore rotatable and thus movable about a motor rotational axis 25 (Fig. 1) relative to the third stator 23.By rotating the third rotor 24 about the motor rotation axis 25 and relative to the stator 23, both the coupling devices 15 and 16 can be switched between the coupling states and the decoupling states, and the parking locks 18 and 20 can be switched between the locking states and the release states.

[0050] Fig. 2 also shows a component 26, which is, for example, a housing part of the housing device 19. For example, the housing part is a housing cover of the housing device 19. It can be seen that the electric motor 21 is held on the component 26, so that the rotor 24 is rotatable about the machine rotation axis 26 relative to the component 26.

[0051] It can be seen particularly clearly from Fig. 1 to 3 that the first coupling device 15 is assigned a first actuating element 27, by means of which the first coupling device 15 can be switched between the first coupling state and the first decoupling state by moving the first actuating element 27 relative to the housing device 19 and thus relative to the component 26. The second coupling device 16 is assigned a second actuating element 28, by means of which the second coupling device 16 can be switched between the second coupling state and the second decoupling state by moving the second actuating element 28 relative to the housing device 19 and thus relative to the component 26.The first parking lock 18 is assigned a third actuating element 29, by means of which the first parking lock 18 can be switched between the first locked state and the first released state by moving the third actuating element 29 relative to the housing device 19 and thus relative to the component 26. Accordingly, the second parking lock 20 is assigned a fourth actuating element 30, by means of which the second parking lock 20 can be switched between the second locked state and the second released state by moving the fourth actuating element 30 relative to the housing device 19 and thus relative to the component 26.For example, the respective actuating element 29, 30 is or comprises a respective locking cone which is movable relative to the housing device 19, in particular translationally, in order to thereby switch between the respective locking state and the respective release state by means of the respective parking lock 18, 20.

[0052] It can be seen particularly clearly from Fig. 3 to 8 that the actuator 21, which comprises, for example, the actuating elements 27, 28, 29 and 30, has a lever 31 provided in addition to the actuating elements 27, 28 and 30, which lever can be pivoted about a first pivot axis S1 relative to the component 26 and thus relative to the housing device 19. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the lever 31, as illustrated by an arrow 32, is adjustable, in particular pivotable, in an adjustment range also referred to as the pivot range, which includes an initial position A, an actuating position B and an intermediate position Z of the lever 31 lying between the initial position A and the actuating position B.The lever 31 can be pivoted in a first pivoting direction relative to the housing device 19, which extends about the pivot axis S1 and is illustrated by the arrow 32, and can thereby be pivoted from the starting position A into the intermediate position Z and into the actuating position B. In addition, the lever 31 can be pivoted about the pivot axis S1 and relative to the housing device 19 in a second pivoting direction opposite to the first pivoting direction and extending about the pivot axis S1, which is illustrated by an arrow 33, and can thereby be pivoted from the actuating position B into the intermediate position Z and into the starting position A. By pivoting the lever 31 about the pivot axis S1 and relative to the housing device 19, both the coupling devices 15 and 16 can be switched between the uncoupling states and the coupling states, and the parking locks 18 and 20 can be switched between the locking states and the release states.The initial position A of the lever 31 effects the release states of the parking locks 18 and 20 and the uncoupling states of the coupling devices 15 and 16. The actuating position B effects the locking states of the parking locks 18 and 20 and the coupling states of the coupling devices 15 and 16. The intermediate position Z effects the coupling states of the coupling devices 15 and 16, and the intermediate position Z effects the release states of the parking locks 18 and 20.If, for example, the lever 31 is pivoted about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19 in a first part of the pivot range, in particular pivoted back and forth, wherein the first part of the pivot range comprises the starting position A of the lever 31 and the intermediate position Z of the lever 31, the coupling devices are thereby actuated, thus switching between the coupling states and the decoupling states, while the parking locks 18 and 20 remain open, i.e., while the parking locks 18 and 20 remain in their release states. A second part of the pivot range of the lever 31 directly adjoins the intermediate position Z toward the actuating position B and comprises the actuating position B.If the lever 31 is thus pivoted about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19 in the second part of the pivot range, that is to say pivoted back and forth, the parking locks 18 and 20 are thereby actuated, thus switching between the release states and the blocking states, while the coupling devices 15 and 16 remain closed, thus while the coupling devices 15 and 16 remain in the coupling states. Thus, for example, the following is provided: If the lever 31 is pivoted about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19 in the first pivot direction from the initial position A, which effects the coupling states of the coupling devices 15 and 16 and the locking states of the parking locks 18 and 20, and pivoted into the intermediate position Z, the coupling devices 15 and 16 are thereby switched from the uncoupling states to the coupling states, while the parking locks 18 and 20 remain in the release states.If the lever 31 is pivoted about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19 in the first pivot direction beyond the intermediate position Z, so that the lever 31 is pivoted about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19 in the first pivot direction out of the intermediate position Z and pivoted into the actuating position B, the parking locks 18 and 20 are thereby switched from the release states to the blocking states, while the coupling devices 15 and 16 remain in the coupling states.If the lever 31, which is initially in the actuating position B which effects the locking states and the coupling states, is pivoted about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19 in the second pivoting direction out of the actuating position and pivoted in the direction of or into the intermediate position Z, the parking locks 18 and 20 are thereby switched from the locking states to the release states, while the coupling devices 15 and 16 remain in the coupling states.If the lever 31 is pivoted further about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19 in the second pivot direction and, for example, pivoted beyond the intermediate position Z, so that, for example, the lever 31 is pivoted about the pivot axis S1 in the second pivot direction relative to the housing device 19 from the intermediate position Z into the starting position A, the coupling devices 15 and 16 are switched from the coupled states to the uncoupled states, while the parking locks 18 and 20 remain in the released states. Thus, it is provided here that in the starting position A of the lever 31, the coupling devices 15 and 16 are simultaneously in the uncoupled states, while at the same time the parking locks 18 and 20 are in the released states.In the intermediate position Z, the coupling devices 15 and 16 are simultaneously in the coupled states, while the parking locks 18 and 20 are simultaneously in the released states. In the actuated position B, the coupling devices 15 and 16 are simultaneously in the coupled states, while the parking locks 18 and 20 are simultaneously in the locked states. The lever 31 in the present case has a first effective range WB1, over which the lever 31, when the lever 31 is pivoted about the pivot axis S1 and relative to the housing device 19, simultaneously interacts with the actuating elements 27 and 28, so that by pivoting the lever 31 about the pivot axis S1 and relative to the housing device 19, in particular simultaneous movements of the actuating elements 27 and 28 can be effected, whereby the coupling devices 15 and 16 can be switched between the coupling states and the decoupling states.The first effective range WB1 has a first distance A1 from the pivot axis S1, running along a straight line G perpendicular to the pivot axis S1 and intersecting the pivot axis S1. Furthermore, the lever 31 has a second effective range WB2, over which the lever 31, when the lever 31 is pivoted about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19, simultaneously interacts with the actuating elements 29 and 39, so that pivoting of the lever 31 about the pivot axis S1, in particular simultaneous movements of the third actuating element 29 and the fourth actuating element 30 relative to the housing device 19, can be effected, wherein the parking locks 18 and 20 can be switched between the locked states and the released states.The second effective range WB2 has a second distance A2 from the pivot axis S1, running along the straight line G, wherein in this case the second distance A2 is greater than the first distance. As will be explained in more detail below, for example, the lever 31 is coupled to the electric motor 21 via a coupling area KB of the lever 31, so that, for example, the electric motor 21 can drive the coupling area KB of the lever 31 and thereby the lever 31 via its third rotor 24 and thus pivot it about the pivot axis S1 relative to the component 26 and thus relative to the housing device 19.If, for example, the lever 31 is pivoted about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19 by a first angle, the effective range WB1 covers a first path, the effective range WB2 a second path, and the coupling range KB a third path, wherein the respective path runs along a respective circle whose center lies on the pivot axis S1. The first path is illustrated by a double arrow 34, the second path is illustrated by a double arrow 35, and the third path is illustrated by a double arrow 36. The coupling range KB has a third distance running along the straight line G, which is greater than the first distance A1 and smaller than the second distance A2. Consequently, the second path is greater than the first path, and the third path is greater than the first path, and the third path is smaller than the second path, so that the first path is smaller than the second path and smaller than the third path.As a result, the previously described actuation of the parking locks 18 and 20 and the coupling devices 15 and 16 can be realized in a space-saving manner.

[0053] The pivot axis S1 runs perpendicular to a first plane, which coincides, for example, with the image plane of Fig. 4.

[0054] In the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, the first actuating element 27 is a first switching rocker, which can be pivoted and thus moved about a second pivot axis S2 relative to the component 26 and thus relative to the housing device 19. The second pivot axis S2 runs perpendicular to a second plane, which runs perpendicular to the first plane. The second actuating element 28 is a second switching rocker, which can be pivoted about a third pivot axis S3 relative to the component 26 and thus relative to the housing device 19. The third pivot axis S3 runs parallel to the pivot axis S2 and is spaced from the pivot axis S2, so that the third pivot axis S3 runs perpendicular to the second plane.

[0055] The third actuating element 29 is translationally movable, i.e. displaceable, along a straight first axis of movement BA relative to the housing device 19, wherein the first axis of movement BA1 runs perpendicular to a third plane. The third plane runs perpendicular to the first plane and perpendicular to the second plane. The fourth actuating element 30 is translationally movable, i.e. displaceable, along a second straight axis of movement BA2 relative to the housing device 19. The axis of movement BA2 runs parallel to the axis of movement BA1 and is spaced from the axis of movement BA1. Thus, the axis of movement BA2 runs perpendicular to the third plane. The feature that the respective axis of movement BA1, BA2 runs straight is to be understood as meaning that the respective axis of movement BA1, BA2 runs along a respective straight line which runs perpendicular to the third plane.

[0056] In the embodiment shown in the figures, the respective actuating element 29, 30 is or comprises a respective locking cone, simply referred to as a cone, which is conical in shape at least in one length region.

[0057] The respective parking lock 18, 20 has, for example, a respective parking lock gear. The parking lock gear of the parking lock 18 is connected to the first rotor 3 in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed, manner. The parking lock gear of the parking lock 20 is connected to the rotor 7 in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed, manner. The parking lock gear of the parking lock 18 is also referred to as the first parking lock gear. The parking lock gear of the parking lock 20 is also referred to as the second parking lock gear. The parking lock 18 has a first locking element 37, which is assigned to the first parking lock gear and is a first pawl. The parking lock 20 has a second locking element 38, which is assigned to the second parking lock gear and is, in this case, a second pawl, for example. The respective locking element 37, 38 is movable, in particular pivotable, relative to the housing device 19 between at least one respective locking position and at least one respective release position.The locked position of the locking element 37 effects the first locked state, and the released position of the locking element 37 effects the first released state. The locked position of the locking element 38 effects the second locked state, and the released position of the locking element 38 effects the second released state. In the respective locked position, the respective locking element 37, 38 interacts, in particular in a form-fitting manner, with the respective corresponding parking lock gear, whereby the respective rotor 3, 7 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing device 19. In the respective released position, there is no interaction between the respective locking element 37, 38 and the respective associated parking lock gear, whereby the respective rotor 3, 7 is rotatable, in particular freely, about the respective machine rotation axis 5, 9 relative to the housing device 19.

[0058] If the respective actuating element 29, 30 is displaced in a respective first sliding direction relative to the component 26 and thus relative to the housing device 19, which first sliding direction coincides with the respective movement axis BA1, BA2 or runs parallel to the respective movement axis BA1, BA2, a respective movement of the respective blocking element 37, 38 from the respective release position into the respective blocking position can be effected or is effected.If the respective actuating element 29, 30 is pushed or displaced in a respective second sliding direction relative to the component 26 and thus relative to the housing device 19, which is opposite to the respective first sliding direction and coincides with the respective movement axis BA1, BA2 or runs parallel to the respective movement axis BA1, BA2, a respective movement of the respective associated locking element 37, 38 from the respective locking position into the respective release position can be effected or is effected, in particular in that a respective movement of the respective locking element 37, 38 from the respective locking position into the respective release position is permitted.The respective actuating element 29, 30 can be displaced relative to the housing device 19 in the respective first sliding direction by pivoting or swiveling the lever 31 in the first pivoting direction from the intermediate position Z into the actuating position B relative to the housing device 19 about the pivot axis S1. The respective actuating element 29, 30 can be moved in the respective second sliding direction, i.e. displaced, by pivoting or swiveling the lever 31 in the second pivoting direction from the actuating position B into the intermediate position Z about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19. For this purpose, for example, the lever 31 is simultaneously coupled to the actuating elements 29, 30 in its effective range WB2.

[0059] 5 to 8 that a first spring element 39 is assigned to the first actuating element 27. A second spring element 40 is assigned to the second actuating element 28. The respective spring element 39, 40 is designed as a solid body and is thus a mechanical spring. The respective spring element 39, 40 is supported on the one hand at least indirectly, in particular directly, on the component 26 and on the other hand at least indirectly, in particular directly, on the respective, associated actuating element 27, 28. The respective actuating element 27, 28 is pivotable relative to the component 26 and thus relative to the housing device 19 about the respective pivot axis S2, S3 between at least one respective coupling position bringing about the respective coupling state of the respective coupling device 15, 16 and at least one respective decoupling position bringing about the respective decoupling state of the respective coupling device 15, 16.

[0060] In the respective uncoupling state of the respective coupling device 15, 16 and thus in the respective uncoupling position of the respective actuating element 27, 28, the respective spring element 39, 40 is tensioned, whereby the respective spring element 39, 40 in the respective uncoupling state and thus in the respective uncoupling position provides a respective spring force which acts at least indirectly, in particular directly, on the respective, associated actuating element 27, 28. As will be explained in more detail below, the respective actuating element 27, 28 can be pivoted by means of the respective spring force of the respective spring element 39, 40 from the respective uncoupling position into the respective coupling position about the respective pivot axis S2, S3 relative to the component 26, whereby the respective coupling device 15, 16 can be switched from the respective uncoupling state into the respective coupling state. This can be seen particularly well in Fig.5 and 6 it can be seen that a respective coupling element 41, 42 protrudes from the respective actuating element 27, 28. At least in the starting position A and, for example, when the lever 31 is pivoted from the intermediate position Z into the starting position A, the lever 31 interacts via its effective range WB1 with the coupling elements 41 and 42 and via these with the actuating elements 27 and 28, wherein the lever 31, during its movement or its path from the intermediate position Z into the starting position A, moves the actuating elements 27 and 28 via the coupling elements 41 and 42 against the spring force of the spring elements 39 and 40 from the coupling positions into the uncoupling positions and, in this case, presses them. This means that in the initial position A, the actuating elements 27 and 28 are supported on the lever 31 via the coupling elements 41 and 42 against the spring forces of the spring elements 39 and 40 and are thus held in the decoupling positions.If the lever 31 is moved from the starting position A into the intermediate position Z, the lever 31 allows at least partial relaxation of the spring elements 39 and 40, whereby the spring forces of the spring elements 39 and 40 move, in particular push, the actuating elements 27 and 28 from the uncoupling positions into the coupling positions or at least in the direction of the coupling positions. If, for example, due to a speed difference between the respective components, the respective synchro unit provides its respective blocking effect while the lever 31 is pivoted from the starting position A via the intermediate position Z into the actuating position B, the coupling devices 15 and 16 cannot be switched through, i.e. cannot be switched into the coupling states, until a speed equality is reached between the respective components.It is conceivable that the lever 31 then lifts off the coupling elements 41 and 42 and thus off the actuating elements 27 and 28 on its way to the actuating position B, so that there is no longer any contact between the lever 31 and the coupling elements 41 and 42. In the starting position A, there is contact between the lever 31 and the respective coupling element 41, 42, whereby the actuating elements 27 and 28 are held in the uncoupling positions via the coupling elements 41 and 42 against the spring forces. For example, after the lever 31 has been lifted from the coupling elements 41 and 42, the spring forces of the spring elements 39 and 40 can move the actuating elements 27, 28 completely into the coupling positions when speed equality between the respective components has been set, i.e. achieved, by means of the respective synchro unit, whereby the coupling devices 15 and 16 are switched through, i.e. switched into the coupling states.Thus, for example, the parking locks 18 and 20 can be actuated by means of the lever 31 while the synchro units are still providing their locking effects and thus the aforementioned speed adjustment is still running.

[0061] In order to avoid unfavorable states of the drive device 1, the following can be provided: If, for example, the motor vehicle initially travels at a driving speed, also simply referred to as speed, which is greater than or equal to a threshold value greater than zero, and while the parking locks 18 and 20 are in their release states and the coupling devices 15 and 16 are in their uncoupling states, and then the driving speed drops to a value which is lower than the threshold value and, for example, greater than zero, the coupling devices 15 and 16 are closed by correspondingly pivoting the lever 31, thus switching from the uncoupling states to the coupling states, while the parking locks 18 and 20 are still open, thus are in the release states.If the driving speed then drops further to zero, the parking locks 18 and 20 can be closed by pivoting the lever 31 accordingly, thus switching them from the released states to the locked states, while the coupling devices 15 and 16 remain closed, thus keeping the coupling devices 15 and 16 in the coupled states. As a result, the stationary motor vehicle can be secured against unwanted rolling away.If, in particular for example thereafter, the initially stationary motor vehicle is started up, with the lever 31 initially in the actuating position B, the parking locks 18 and 20 are switched from the locked states to the released states, for example by correspondingly pivoting the lever 31, while the coupling devices 15 and 16 remain closed, i.e. remain in the coupled states, so that, for example, the initially stationary motor vehicle can be started up. In order to then drive the motor vehicle in an energy-efficient manner, the coupling devices 15 and 16 are then switched to the uncoupling states, for example, and the motor vehicle can be driven, for example in such a way or by driving the vehicle wheels of the other vehicle axle, in particular purely electrically.Thus, for example, in the coupled states of the coupling devices 15 and 16, a four-wheel drive, in particular an all-wheel drive, of the motor vehicle can be activated, i.e. switched on. In the uncoupling states of the coupling devices 15 and 16, for example, the four-wheel or all-wheel drive is switched off, whereby, for example, a two-wheel drive of the motor vehicle is activated. It can be seen particularly clearly from Figs. 5 to 8 that the actuator 21 has a first screw element 43 with a first thread 44, which in this case is designed as an external thread. Furthermore, the actuator 21 has a second screw element 45, which has a second thread 46 (Fig. 8) corresponding to the first thread 44. The thread 46 is in this case an internal thread. The threads 44 and 46 are screwed directly together in such a way that the thread 44 and thus the screw element 43 is screwed into the thread 46 and thus into the screw element 45.The screw element 43 can be driven by the electric motor 22 and is thus rotatable about an element rotation axis 47 relative to the component 26 and relative to the housing device 19 and also relative to the screw element 45, which is secured, for example, against rotation about the element rotation axis 47 and relative to the housing device 19. The electric motor 22 can drive the screw element 43 via its rotor 24 such that the screw element 43 is or can be rotated selectively in a first direction of rotation relative to the housing device 19 and relative to the screw element 45, running about the element rotation axis 47, or in a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation and running about the element rotation axis 47, relative to the housing device 19 and relative to the screw element 45.

[0062] Since the threads 44 and 46 are screwed together, in particular directly, rotations of the first screw element 43 about the element rotation axis 47 and relative to the housing device 19 and relative to the screw element 45 can be converted into displacements of the second screw element 45 along the element rotation axis 47 and relative to the housing device 19. Thus, for example, if the screw element 43 is rotated in the first rotational direction, the screw element 45 is thereby displaced along the element rotation axis 47 in a first actuation direction relative to the housing device 19, the first actuation direction being illustrated by an arrow 48.If, for example, the screw element 43 is rotated in the second direction of rotation, the screw element 45 is displaced along the element rotation axis 47 in a second actuation direction opposite to the first actuation direction relative to the component 26 and thus relative to the housing device 19, wherein the second actuation direction is illustrated by an arrow 49. The screw element 45 is coupled to the lever 31, so that by displacing the second screw element 45 along the element rotation axis 47 and relative to the housing device 19, the lever 31 can be pivoted about the pivot axis S1 relative to the housing device 19.By moving the screw element 45 in the first actuating direction, the lever 31 can be pivoted in the first pivoting direction and thus from the starting position A into the intermediate position Z and from the intermediate position Z into the actuating position B and thus from the starting position A via the intermediate position Z into the actuating position B. By moving the screw element 45 in the second actuating direction, the lever 31 can be pivoted or swiveled about the pivot axis S1 in the second pivoting direction and thus from the actuating position B into the intermediate position Z and from the intermediate position Z into the starting position A and thus from the actuating position B via the intermediate position Z into the starting position A. In this way, both the parking locks 18 and 20 and the coupling devices 15 and 16 can be actuated, i.e. switched, as needed in a particularly space-efficient manner.

[0063] Furthermore, the drive device 1, in particular the parking locks 18 and 20 and the coupling devices 15 and 16, can be monitored particularly advantageously. For this purpose, four sensors 50, 51, 52 and 53 (Fig. 2), for example, are provided. By means of the sensor 50, for example, the coupling position of the actuating element 27 and / or the decoupling position of the actuating element 27 can be detected. By means of the sensor 51, for example, the coupling position of the actuating element 28 and / or the decoupling position of the actuating element 28 can be detected. Thus, for example, by means of the sensor 50, it can be detected whether the actuating element 27 is in its coupling position or its decoupling position. Furthermore, for example, by means of the sensor 51, it can be detected whether the actuating element 28 is in its coupling position or its decoupling position.Thus, by means of the respective sensor 50, 51 it can be detected whether the respective coupling device 15, 16 is in its respective coupling state or in its respective decoupling state.

[0064] By means of the sensor 52, for example, the locked position of the actuating element 29 and / or the released position of the actuating element 29 can be detected. By means of the sensor 53, for example, the locked position of the actuating element 30 and / or the released position of the actuating element 30 can be detected. Thus, for example, by means of the sensor 52, it can be detected whether the actuating element 29 is in its locked position or in its released position. Furthermore, for example, by means of the sensor 53, it can be detected whether the actuating element 30 is in its locked position and / or in its released position. Thus, by means of the respective sensor 52, 53, it can be detected whether the respective parking lock 18, 20 is in its locked state or in its released state.Alternatively, it is possible for the sensor 52 to detect, for example, the coupling position of the actuating element 27 and / or the decoupling position of the actuating element 27. The sensor 53 can detect, for example, the coupling position of the actuating element 28 and / or the decoupling position of the actuating element 28. Thus, for example, the sensor 52 can detect whether the actuating element 27 is in its coupling position or its decoupling position. Furthermore, the sensor 53 can detect, for example, whether the actuating element 28 is in its coupling position or its decoupling position. Thus, the respective sensor 52, 53 can detect whether the respective coupling device 15, 16 is in its respective coupling state or in its respective decoupling state.

[0065] List of reference symbols

[0066] Drive device first electric machine first rotor first stator first machine rotation axis second electric machine second rotor second stator second machine rotation axis vehicle axle first vehicle wheel second vehicle wheel first transmission second transmission first coupling device second coupling device synchronization unit first parking lock housing device second parking lock actuator

[0067] Electric motor third stator third rotor

[0068] Machine rotation axis Component first actuating element second actuating element third actuating element fourth actuating element Lever

[0069] Arrow Arrow

[0070] Double arrow 35 Double arrow 36 Double arrow 37 Locking element 38 Locking element 39 Spring element 40 Spring element 41 Coupling element 42 Coupling element 43 First screw element 44 First thread 45 Second screw element 46 Second thread 47 Element rotation axis 48 Arrow 49 Arrow 50 Sensor 51 Sensor 52 Sensor 53 Sensor 54 Double arrow BA1 Movement axis BA2 Movement axis A Starting position Z Intermediate position B Actuating position WB1 First effective range WB2 Second effective range KB Coupling range G Straight line A1 First distance A2 Second distance S1 First swivel axis

[0071] S2 second swivel axis S3 third swivel axis

Claims

Patent claims 1. Drive device (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising: - a first electric machine (2) having a first rotor (3) via which a first vehicle wheel (11) of a vehicle axle (10) of the motor vehicle can be driven by means of the first electric machine (2); - a second electric machine (6) having a second rotor (7) via which a second vehicle wheel (12) of the vehicle axle (10) can be driven by means of the second electric machine (6); - a first coupling device (15) associated with the first vehicle wheel (11) and the first electric machine (2), which is switchable between: o a first coupling state, in which by means of the first coupling device (15) the first rotor (3) is coupled to the first vehicle wheel (11) in a torque-transmitting manner; and o a first decoupling state in which the first vehicle wheel (11) is decoupled from the first rotor (3); - a second coupling device (16) associated with the second vehicle wheel (12) and the second electric machine (6), which is switchable between: o a second coupling state, in which by means of the second Coupling device (16) the second rotor (7) is coupled to the second vehicle wheel (12) in a torque-transmitting manner; and o a second decoupling state in which the second vehicle wheel (12) is decoupled from the second rotor (7); - a first parking lock (18) associated with the first vehicle wheel (11) and the first electric machine (2), which can be switched between: o a first locking state, in which the first rotor (3) is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a housing device (19) of the drive device (1) by means of the first parking lock (18), so that in the first locking state and in the first coupling state, the first rotor (3) and, via the first rotor (3), the first vehicle wheel (11) are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing device (19) by means of the first parking lock (18); and o a first release state in which the first parking lock (18) allows relative rotations between the first rotor (3) and the housing device (19); - a second parking lock (20) associated with the second vehicle wheel (12) and the second electric machine (6), which can be switched between: o a second locking state, in which the second rotor (7) is rotationally connected to the housing device (19) by means of the second parking lock (20), so that in the second locking state and in the second coupling state, the second rotor (7) and, via the second rotor (7), the second vehicle wheel (12) are rotationally connected to the housing device (19) by means of the second parking lock (20); and o a second release state, in which the second parking lock (20) permits relative rotations between the second rotor (7) and the housing device (19); and - exactly one actuator (21) common to the coupling devices (15, 16) and the parking locks (18, 20), by means of which both the coupling devices (15, 16) can be switched between the coupling states and the uncoupling states and the parking locks (18, 20) can be switched between the locking states and the release states.

2. Drive device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (21) has exactly one electric motor (22) with a stator (23) and a rotor (24) which is movable relative to the stator (23), whereby both the coupling devices (15, 16) can be switched between the coupling states and the decoupling states and the parking locks (18, 20) can be switched between the locking states and the release states.

3. Drive device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor (24) is a third rotor (24) which is rotatable about a motor rotation axis (25) relative to the stator (23), whereby both the coupling devices (15, 16) can be switched between the coupling states and the decoupling states and the parking locks (18, 20) can be switched between the locking states and the release states. Drive device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: - a first actuating element (27) is assigned to the first coupling device (15), by means of which the first coupling device (15) can be switched between the first coupling state and the first decoupling state by moving the first actuating element (27) relative to the housing device (19); - a second actuating element (28) is assigned to the second coupling device (16), by means of which the second coupling device (16) can be switched between the second coupling state and the second decoupling state by moving the second actuating element (28) relative to the housing device (19); - a third actuating element (29) is assigned to the first parking lock (18), by means of which the first parking lock (18) can be switched between the first locked state and the first released state by moving the third actuating element (29) relative to the housing device (19); - a fourth actuating element (30) is assigned to the second parking lock (20), by means of which the second parking lock (20) can be switched between the second locked state and the second released state by moving the fourth actuating element (30) relative to the housing device (19); - the actuator (21) has a lever which can be pivoted about a pivot axis (S1) relative to the housing device (19), which lever has: o a first effective range (WB1), over which the lever (31) cooperates simultaneously with the first actuating element (27) and the second actuating element (28), at least when the lever (31) is pivoted about the pivot axis (S1) and relative to the housing device (19), so that by pivoting the lever (21) about the pivot axis (S1), a respective movement of the first actuating element (27) and the second actuating element (28) can be effected relative to the housing device (19), whereby the first coupling device (15) and the second coupling device (16) can be switched between the coupling states and the decoupling states, wherein the first effective range (WB1) has a has a first distance (A1) from the pivot axis (S1) which is perpendicular to the pivot axis (S1) and intersects the pivot axis (S1);and o a second effective range (WB2), over which the lever (31) interacts simultaneously with the third actuating element (29) and the fourth actuating element (30), at least when the lever (31) is pivoted about the pivot axis (S1) and relative to the housing device (19), so that pivoting of the lever (21) about the pivot axis (S1) can bring about a respective movement of the third actuating element (29) and the fourth actuating element (30) relative to the housing device (19), whereby the first parking lock (18) and the second parking lock (20) can be switched between the locked states and the released states, wherein the second effective range (WB2) has a second distance (A2) from the pivot axis (S1) running along the straight line (G) and different from the first distance (A1); 5. Drive device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the second distance (A2) is greater than the first distance (A1).

6. Drive device (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the pivot axis (S1) as the first pivot axis (S1) runs perpendicular to a first plane.

7. Drive device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that: - the first actuating element (27) is pivotable relative to the housing device (19) about a second pivot axis (S2) and is thereby movable; - the second pivot axis (S2) is perpendicular to a second plane which is perpendicular to the first plane; and - the second actuating element (28) is pivotable and thereby movable relative to the housing device (19) about a third pivot axis (S3) which runs parallel to the second pivot axis (S2).

8. Drive device (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that: - a first spring element (39) is assigned to the first actuating element (27), which in the first decoupling state provides a spring force by means of which the first actuating element (27) can be pivoted about the second pivot axis (S2) relative to the housing device (19), whereby the first coupling device (15) can be switched from the first decoupling state to the first coupling state; and - a second spring element (40) is assigned to the second actuating element (28), which in the second decoupling state provides a spring force by means of which the second actuating element (28) can be pivoted about the third pivot axis (S3) relative to the housing device (19), whereby the second coupling device (16) can be switched from the second decoupling state to the second coupling state.

9. Drive device (1) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: - the third actuating element (29) is translationally movable along a straight first axis of movement (BA1) relative to the housing device (19); - the first axis of movement (BA1) is perpendicular to a third plane which is perpendicular to the first plane; and - the fourth actuating element (30) is translationally movable relative to the housing device (19) along a straight second movement axis (BA2) running parallel to the first movement axis (BA1).

10. Drive device (1) according to claim 9 with reference to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the second plane runs perpendicular to the third plane.

11. Drive device (1) according to one of claims 4 to 10 in its reference to claim 3, characterized in that: - the actuator (21) has a first screw element (43) which has a first thread (44) and is drivable by the third rotor (24) and is thereby rotatable about an element rotation axis (47) relative to the housing device (19); - the actuator (21) has a second screw element (45) which has a second thread (46) corresponding to the first thread (44) and which is screwed to the first thread (44), so that rotations of the first screw element (43) about the element rotation axis (47) and relative to the second screw element (45) and relative to the housing device (19) can be converted into displacements of the second screw element (45) along the element rotation axis (47) and relative to the housing device (19); and - the second screw element (45) is coupled to the lever (31) such that the lever (31) can be pivoted about the pivot axis (S1) relative to the housing device (19) by moving the second screw element (45) along the element rotation axis (47) and relative to the housing device (19).

12. Motor vehicle with a drive device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

Images