Power supply and demand system and charge and discharge management method for electric vehicle

Abstract

In the present invention, an electric vehicle group power management device (30) creates an electric vehicle group power plan including a peak cut power plan that is a charge / discharge plan for a charge / discharge device (40) that suppresses the peak of a power supply and demand plan for which power supply and demand for an entire power supply and demand system (2) at a minimum is predicted, and outputs the electric vehicle group power plan to a power supply and demand management device (20). The power supply and demand management device (20) corrects the electric vehicle group power plan on the basis of power control information of a facility capable of controlling power demand in at least a power supply and demand system (1), and outputs the corrected electric vehicle group power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device (30). On the basis of the corrected electric vehicle group power plan, the electric vehicle group power management device (30) manages the electric power charged and discharged by the charging / discharging device (40) with respect to a battery (50) of the electric vehicle group.

Description

Electric power supply and demand system and charge / discharge management method for electric vehicles

[0001] The present invention relates to an electric power supply and demand system and a method for managing charging and discharging of an electric vehicle.

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a power management system for utilizing power stored in the batteries of electric vehicles in facilities with high power demand, such as factories.

[0003] JP 2012-196028 A

[0004] In the power management system described in Patent Document 1, an FEMS control unit provided in a facility within a factory controls the battery (charger) of an electric vehicle connected to the facility within the factory based on the power consumption of the facility's load within the factory. If there is a possibility that the power consumption will exceed a predetermined power, the FEMS control unit in Patent Document 1 discharges the battery and stationary storage batteries in the facility within the factory to supplement power to the grid before the predetermined power is exceeded, and charges the battery and stationary storage batteries after a period has passed during which the power consumption exceeds the predetermined power.

[0005] However, if a control unit that controls the supply and demand of electricity for the entire facility in a power management system obtains the battery status of each electric vehicle and controls the battery of each electric vehicle, the control unit must be configured to communicate with the new model of electric vehicle every time a new model of electric vehicle is added.As a result, it is cumbersome and time-consuming to realize a power management system that is compatible with various electric vehicles.

[0006] As a countermeasure to the above, a method can be considered in which the function for managing the charging and discharging of the batteries of individual electric vehicles (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an electric vehicle group power management function) is separated from the function for managing the power supply and demand of the entire power supply and demand system (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a power supply and demand management function), and the electric vehicle group power management function manages the charging and discharging of the batteries of individual electric vehicles based on an electric vehicle group power plan transmitted from the power supply and demand management function. However, in this method, because the electric vehicle group power management function manages the charging and discharging of the batteries of individual electric vehicles, the power supply and demand management function cannot grasp the status of the batteries of individual electric vehicles. As a result, the power supply and demand management function formulates the electric vehicle group power plan without grasping the status of each battery, which may result in the electric vehicle group power management function being unable to comply with the electric vehicle group power plan transmitted from the power supply and demand management function.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric power supply and demand system and an electric vehicle charge and discharge management method that can reduce the effort required to accommodate batteries of various types of electric vehicles and can control the charge and discharge of batteries of a group of electric vehicles in consideration of the power supply and demand of the entire electric power supply and demand system.

[0008] An electric vehicle group power management device in an electric power supply and demand system according to one aspect of the present embodiment creates an electric vehicle group compatible power plan, taking into account the state of the batteries of the electric vehicle group, including a peak cut power plan, which is a charging and discharging plan for the batteries of the electric vehicle group that suppresses peaks in the power supply and demand plan that predicts at least the transition of power supply and demand in the entire power supply and demand system. The electric vehicle group power management device outputs the electric vehicle group compatible power plan to a power supply and demand management device. The power supply and demand management device corrects the electric vehicle group compatible power plan based on power control information of equipment that can control power demand in at least the power supply and demand system. The power supply and demand management device outputs the corrected electric vehicle group compatible power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device as the electric vehicle group power plan. The electric vehicle group power management device manages the power that is charged and discharged by the charging and discharging devices to the batteries of the electric vehicle group based on the electric vehicle group power plan.

[0009] According to one aspect of this embodiment, it is possible to reduce the effort required to accommodate batteries of various types of electric vehicles, and to control the charging and discharging of the batteries of a group of electric vehicles while taking into account the power supply and demand of the entire power supply and demand system.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a power management system including a charge / discharge management system according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power supply and demand management device. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of an electric vehicle group power management device. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an overview of each function and operation of the power supply and demand management device and electric vehicle group power management in the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a power upper limit plan and a power lower limit plan set by the power supply and demand management device in the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for creating an electric vehicle group adaptable power plan, executed by the electric vehicle group power management device in the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a first example of a peak cut power plan created by the electric vehicle group power management device in the first embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a second example of a peak cut power plan created by the electric vehicle group power management device in the first embodiment. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for creating a power upper limit plan, executed by the power supply and demand management device in the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a power upper limit plan created by the power supply and demand management device in the first embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a first example of a bottom-up power plan created by the electric vehicle group power management device in the second embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a second example of a bottom-up power plan created by the electric vehicle group power management device in the second embodiment. FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for determining an electric vehicle group power plan, executed by the power supply and demand management device in the second embodiment. FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for creating a power lower limit plan, executed by the power supply and demand management device in the second embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a power lower limit plan created by the power supply and demand management device in the second embodiment. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a demand response request and a demand response power plan in the third embodiment. FIG. 17A is a flowchart showing an example of a process for creating a power upper limit plan, executed by the power supply and demand management device in the third embodiment. FIG. 17B is a flowchart showing an example of a process for creating a power upper limit plan, executed by the power supply and demand management device in the third embodiment.Fig. 18 is a diagram showing a first example of a peak cut power plan created by the electric vehicle group power management device in the fourth embodiment. Fig. 19 is a diagram showing a second example of a peak cut power plan created by the electric vehicle group power management device in the fourth embodiment. Fig. 20 is a diagram showing a first example of a bottom-up power plan created by the electric vehicle group power management device in the fourth embodiment. Fig. 21 is a diagram showing a second example of a bottom-up power plan created by the electric vehicle group power management device in the fourth embodiment. Fig. 22 is a diagram showing a method of selecting one from a plurality of peak cut power plans in a modified example of the fourth embodiment.

[0011] First Embodiment A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0012] An example of the overall configuration of a power management system including a power supply and demand system 1 according to a first embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The power management system is a system that manages the supply and demand of power for the entire power supply and demand system 1 of a commercial facility, factory, etc. As shown in Fig. 1, the power management system includes the power supply and demand system 1, a power system monitoring and control system 2, and a power system 3.

[0013] The electricity supply and demand system 1 is a system that manages, for example, charges for electricity at a facility or a single consumer location. The system may also be a system in which multiple consumer locations are virtually connected, rather than a single consumer location. As shown in FIG. 1 , the electricity supply and demand system 1 includes a power meter 10, an electricity supply and demand management device 20, an electric vehicle fleet power management device 30, an electric vehicle charger (charging and discharging device) 40, an uncontrollable load 60, a controllable load 70, a renewable energy power generation facility 80, a non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and a storage battery 100. While FIG. 1 illustrates one electric vehicle charger 40, one uncontrollable load 60, one controllable load 70, one renewable energy power generation facility 80, one non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and one storage battery 100, the electricity supply and demand system 1 may include two or more electric vehicle chargers 40, one uncontrollable loads 60, one controllable loads 70, one renewable energy power generation facility 80, one non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and two or more storage batteries 100. Furthermore, the electricity supply and demand system 1 does not necessarily have to include the uncontrollable load 60 , the controllable load 70 , the renewable energy power generation facility 80 , the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90 , and the storage battery 100 .

[0014] The power grid 3 is a power system that integrates power generation, power transformation, power transmission, and power distribution for supplying AC power from a power company to power receiving facilities. In Fig. 1 , the electric vehicle charger 40, the uncontrollable load 60, the controllable load 70, the renewable energy power generation facility 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100 correspond to the power receiving facilities. The power grid 3 is connected to each of the electric vehicle charger 40, the uncontrollable load 60, the controllable load 70, the renewable energy power generation facility 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100 via a power meter 10.

[0015] The power meter 10 measures the power of the power grid 3 used in the power supply and demand system 1. The power meter 10 also measures the power supplied from the power supply and demand system 1 to the power grid 3.

[0016] The electric vehicle charger 40 is controlled by the electric vehicle group power management device 30 (described later) and charges and discharges the electric vehicle battery 50, which is the battery of the electric vehicle. The electric vehicle charger 40 is connected to the electric vehicle battery 50 via, for example, a power connector, and charges the electric vehicle battery 50. The electric vehicle charger 40 also discharges the electric power stored in the electric vehicle battery 50 from the electric vehicle battery 50. Note that the connection method between the electric vehicle charger 40 and the electric vehicle battery 50 and the charging and discharging method are not particularly limited. The electric vehicle charger 40 does not have to be installed outside the body of the electric vehicle, and may also be installed inside the electric vehicle. Furthermore, the connection between the electric vehicle charger 40 and the electric vehicle group power management device 30 may be a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a connection via the Internet, for example.

[0017] The uncontrollable load 60 is a device or facility, such as a hair dryer, whose power demand (power consumption) cannot be controlled by an external command. On the other hand, the controllable load 70 is a facility, such as air conditioning equipment or lighting equipment, whose power demand (power consumption) can be controlled by an external command. The renewable energy power generation facility 80 is a solar power generation facility or a wind power generation facility, and is a facility whose generateable power changes over time. The non-renewable energy power generation facility 90 is a diesel power generation facility or a hydrogen fuel power generation facility, and is a facility whose generateable power does not change over time. The storage battery 100 stores power supplied from the power grid 3, the renewable energy power generation facility 80, or the non-renewable energy 90.

[0018] The non-controllable load 60, the controllable load 70, the renewable energy power generation facility 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100 are connected to the power grid 3 via a power meter 10. The renewable energy power generation facility 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100 may supply (discharge) power to the power grid 3 (this is called reverse power flow). The controllable load 70, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100 receive or supply power from the power grid 3 in accordance with instructions from a power supply and demand management device 20 (described later). The electric vehicle charger 40 receives power from the power grid 3 in accordance with instructions from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The electric vehicle charger 40 may also discharge power in accordance with instructions from the electric vehicle group power management device 30 and supply power to the power grid 3.

[0019] The power supply and demand management device 20 has a function (power supply and demand management function) of managing the power supply and demand of the entire power supply and demand system 1, which includes the electric vehicle chargers 40, the uncontrollable loads 60, the controllable loads 70, the renewable energy power generation facilities 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facilities 90, and the storage batteries 100. As shown in FIG. 2 , the power supply and demand management device 20 includes a power supply and demand prediction unit 21, a monitoring and control unit 22, a communication unit 23, a power supply and demand plan creation unit 24, and an electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25, as multiple information processing units for realizing the power supply and demand management function. Each function of the power supply and demand management device 20 will be described later.

[0020] The electric vehicle group power management device 30 has a function (electric vehicle group power management function) of managing the power charged and discharged by the electric vehicle charger 40 to one or more electric vehicle batteries 50. As shown in FIG. 3 , the electric vehicle group power management device 30 includes, as multiple information processing units for realizing the electric vehicle group power management function, an electric vehicle group power plan creation unit 31, an electric vehicle battery connection plan creation unit 32, a monitoring and control unit 33, a charge / discharge status storage unit 34, a communication unit 35, and an electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36. Each function of the electric vehicle group power management device 30 will be described below.

[0021] Referring to FIG. 4 , an overview of the functions and operations of the power supply and demand management device 20 and the electric vehicle group power management device 30 will be described. First, in step S1, the power supply and demand prediction unit 21 of the power supply and demand management device 20 predicts a power supply and demand plan that indicates a transition in power supply and demand for the entire power supply and demand system 1. For example, the power supply and demand prediction unit 21 accumulates past information on power consumption for the entire power supply and demand system 1 excluding the electric vehicle group, and predicts power demand using the power demand for the entire power supply and demand system 1 excluding the electric vehicle group, calculated from the power meter 10 or the like, the accumulated power consumption, and the day of the week. The power supply and demand prediction unit 21 also acquires weather forecast information from a weather forecast system (not shown) and predicts the power supply of the renewable energy power generation facility 80 using the weather forecast information. The power supply and demand prediction unit 21 predicts the power supply and demand plan by subtracting the power supply power from the power demand. Regarding the controllable load 70, the non-renewable energy power generation equipment 90, and the storage battery 100, the power supply and demand plan may be predicted assuming that control will be performed, or the power supply and demand plan may be predicted assuming that no control will be performed, but it is desirable to predict the power supply and demand plan assuming that control will be performed taking into account economic efficiency, etc.

[0022] Furthermore, the prediction of the power supply and demand plan may be performed by the electric vehicle group power management device 30, rather than by the power supply and demand management device 20. In this case, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 predicts the power supply and demand plan based on the electric vehicle group power plan transmitted from the power supply and demand management device 20, which will be described later.

[0023] Proceeding to step S2, the communication unit 23 transmits the predicted power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 as power supply and demand plan information to the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The communication unit 23 also transmits an electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation command to the electric vehicle group power management device 30, instructing the device 30 to create an electric vehicle group compatible power plan based on the power supply and demand plan information.

[0024] Proceeding to step S3, the communication unit 35 of the electric vehicle group power management device 30 receives the power supply and demand plan information and the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation command from the power supply and demand management device 20. The electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates an electric vehicle group adaptable power plan, which is a plan for the electric vehicle charger 40 to charge and discharge the electric vehicle battery 50, based on the power supply and demand plan information, the performance of the electric vehicle charger 40, the state of the electric vehicle battery 50, and the electric vehicle battery connection plan. Note that it is sufficient that the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan is created based on at least the state of the electric vehicle battery 50. A method for creating the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan will be described later with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. The communication unit 35 of the electric vehicle group power management device 30 transmits the created electric vehicle group adaptable power plan to the power supply and demand management device 20.

[0025] The status of the electric vehicle battery 50 is acquired, for example, from the charge / discharge status storage unit 34. The monitoring / control unit 33 is connected to at least one electric vehicle charger 40. For example, in FIG. 3, the monitoring / control unit 33 is connected to two electric vehicle chargers 40a, 40b. In FIG. 3, the monitoring / control unit 33 acquires the status of each electric vehicle battery 50 connected to the electric vehicle chargers 40a, 40b and stores it in the charge / discharge status storage unit 34. The status of the electric vehicle battery 50 includes, for example, information such as the battery capacity, remaining discharge limit, and stored power amount of the electric vehicle battery 50 connected to the electric vehicle chargers 40a, 40b.

[0026] The electric vehicle battery connection and utilization plan is created by the electric vehicle battery connection plan creation unit 32. The electric vehicle battery connection plan creation unit 32 creates the electric vehicle battery connection plan based on information acquired from, for example, a charge reservation system (not shown). The electric vehicle battery connection plan includes information such as the battery capacity of the electric vehicle battery 50 connected to the electric power supply and demand system 1, the date and time of connection to the electric power supply and demand system 1, the date and time of disconnection from the electric power supply and demand system 1, the amount of stored power at the date and time of connection, and the desired amount of stored power at the date and time of disconnection. The electric vehicle battery connection and utilization plan may be predicted based on past data.

[0027] Proceeding to step S4 , the communication unit 23 of the power supply and demand management device 20 receives the electric vehicle group compatible power plan from the electric vehicle group power management device 30 .

[0028] The electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 corrects the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan based on at least the economic index, and determines the corrected electric vehicle group adaptable power plan as the electric vehicle group power plan.

[0029] The electric vehicle group adaptable power plan may be corrected using power control information of the controllable loads 70, power control information of the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and power information of the storage battery 100. A method for correcting the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan will be described later with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 .

[0030] The electric vehicle group power plan includes at least the electric vehicle charger 40's upper limit planned power value, i.e., the electric vehicle group power plan which is a power upper limit plan that shows the transition of the upper limit value for each time period of the power available for charging and discharging the electric vehicle battery 50. The electric vehicle group power plan may also include the electric vehicle charger 40's lower limit planned power value, i.e., the power lower limit plan that shows the transition of the lower limit value for each time period of the power available for charging and discharging the electric vehicle battery 50. Note that the power lower limit plan may be omitted; for example, if the electric vehicle charger 40 can only charge and cannot discharge, the power lower limit plan is considered to be 0 kW, and if the electric vehicle charger 40 can discharge, no power lower limit plan is set.

[0031] FIG. 5 shows an example of an upper power limit plan and a lower power limit plan set by the power supply and demand management device 20. The horizontal axis of FIG. 5 represents time, and the vertical axis represents the amount of power. In FIG. 5 , periods T1 and T3 in which the upper power limit plan value is positive and the lower power limit plan value is negative are periods in which the electric vehicle charger 40 may charge power to the electric vehicle battery 50 and may discharge power stored in the electric vehicle battery 50. Furthermore, for example, period T2 in which the upper power limit plan value is negative is a period in which the electric vehicle charger 40 must discharge power from the electric vehicle battery 50. Furthermore, for example, period T4 in which the lower power limit plan value is positive is a period in which the electric vehicle charger 40 must charge power to the electric vehicle battery 50. In the first embodiment, a case will be described in which the electric vehicle group power plan includes a power upper limit plan.

[0032] The process proceeds to step S5, where the communication unit 23 transmits the electric vehicle group power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The communication unit 23 also transmits a power control command to the electric vehicle group power management device 30 to instruct the electric vehicle group to charge and discharge the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the electric vehicle group power plan. Then, the process proceeds to steps S6 and S7.

[0033] In step S6, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 takes into consideration the determined electric vehicle group power plan and updates the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1. The monitoring and control unit 22 controls the controllable loads 70, the non-renewable energy power generation facilities 90, and the storage batteries 100 based on the updated power supply and demand plan, and then ends the processing in FIG.

[0034] In step S7, the communication unit 35 of the electric vehicle group power management device 30 receives the electric vehicle group power plan and a power control command from the power supply and demand management device 20. The electric vehicle group power plan creation unit 31 updates the electric vehicle group power plan based on the received electric vehicle group power plan, the state of the electric vehicle battery 50, and the electric vehicle battery connection plan. The monitoring and control unit 33 controls the electric vehicle charger 40 based on the updated electric vehicle group power plan to charge and discharge the electric vehicle battery 50 connected to the electric vehicle charger 40. Thereafter, the processing of FIG. 4 ends.

[0035] [Process for Creating an Electric Vehicle Group Compatible Power Plan] Next, an example of the process for creating an electric vehicle group compatible power plan in step S3 of FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. FIG.

[0036] In step S11 of FIG. 6 , the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​of the electric vehicle group power management device 30 acquires the electric vehicle battery connection plan from the electric vehicle battery connection plan creation unit 32 .

[0037] Proceeding to step S12, the monitoring and control unit 33 acquires the state of the electric vehicle charger 40 and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50 currently connected to the electric vehicle charger 40. The monitoring and control unit 33 stores the acquired state of the electric vehicle battery 50 in the charge / discharge state storage unit 34.

[0038] Proceeding to step S13, the electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates an electric vehicle group compatible power plan which is a charge / discharge plan for the electric vehicle charger 40 to charge / discharge the electric vehicle battery 50, based on information such as the power supply and demand plan information, the electric vehicle battery connection plan, and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50. Specifically, the electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates an electric vehicle group compatible power plan which includes a peak cut power plan which is a charge / discharge plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that suppresses peaks in the power supply and demand plan of the entire power supply and demand system 1.

[0039] A first example of a peak-cut power plan will be described with reference to Fig. 7. The horizontal axis of Fig. 7 represents time, and the vertical axis represents the amount of power. Fig. 7 shows an example of a peak-cut power plan for a power supply and demand plan P1 for the entire power supply and demand system 1, in which a peak in power demand occurs during the day. The peak in power demand here refers to a state in which the value of the power supply and demand plan P1 is at its maximum and power demand for the entire power supply and demand system 1 is high.

[0040] The electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a peak shaving power plan for the electric vehicle group power supply and demand plan P1 of the entire power supply and demand system 1, which satisfies charging requests from the electric vehicles, such as the desired amount of power storage at the date and time of disconnection, by stopping charging to the electric vehicle battery 50 during the daytime when power demand is high and discharging power from the electric vehicle battery 50, as shown in FIG. 7 . It is desirable for this peak shaving plan to minimize peak power. Furthermore, when minimizing peak power, it is desirable for the value obtained by subtracting the amount of charged power from the amount of discharged power to be large. Furthermore, it is desirable for the plan to have a small deviation from the peak power. The deviation here is a value evaluated, for example, by the following equation (1):

[0041] Next, a second example of a peak-cut power plan will be described with reference to Fig. 8. The horizontal axis of Fig. 8 represents time, and the vertical axis represents power demand. Fig. 8 shows an example of a peak-cut power plan for a power supply and demand plan P2 for the entire power supply and demand system 1 in which surplus power occurs during the day.

[0042] The electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a peak-cut power plan for the power supply and demand plan P2 of the entire power supply and demand system 1, as shown in Figure 8, which suppresses peaks in power supply and demand by discharging the electric vehicle batteries 50 in the morning and evening when no surplus power is generated.

[0043] That is, the electric vehicle group compatible power plan creating unit 36 ​​creates a peak cut power plan that reduces fluctuations in power supply and demand in the entire power supply and demand system 1 .

[0044] The process proceeds to step S14 in Fig. 6, where the communication unit 35 transmits the electric vehicle group compatible power plan including the peak cut power plan to the power supply and demand management device 20, and ends the process in Fig. 6. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S4 in Fig. 4.

[0045] [Process for correcting the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan] Next, the process for correcting the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan in step S4 of FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG.

[0046] The power supply and demand management device 20 creates a power upper limit plan, which is a transition of the upper limit value available for charging and discharging the electric vehicle battery 50 in each time period, based on the peak cut power plan included in the electric vehicle group supportable power plan acquired from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The process of creating the power upper limit plan will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0047] First, in step S2101 of Fig. 9 , the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 of the power supply and demand management device 20 creates a first provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 based on the peak cut power plan acquired from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates the first provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, for example, by adding or subtracting the amount of charge and discharge power when charging and discharging the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the peak cut power plan to or from the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 predicted in step S1 of Fig. 4 . The power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates the first provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, for example, by adding the amount of charge power when charging the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the peak cut power plan to the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 and subtracting the amount of discharge power when discharging the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the peak cut power plan from the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1.

[0048] Proceeding to step S2102, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 acquires current power control information of the control target facilities, such as the controllable load 70, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100, from the monitoring and control unit 22. The monitoring and control unit 22 is connected to the controllable load 70, the renewable energy power generation facility 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 . The monitoring and control unit 22 acquires, as the power control information of the control target facilities, information indicating the power supplied to the controllable load 70 and the storage battery 100 and the power supplied (discharged) from the renewable energy power generation facility 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100. The power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates a power supply and demand plan for the control target facilities based on the current power control information of the control target facilities, such as the controllable load 70, the renewable energy power generation facility 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100.

[0049] Proceeding to step S2103, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 acquires information indicating the annual power peak target value L1 based on peaks in past power supply and demand plans from the power system monitoring and control system 2 or an external device (not shown).

[0050] Proceeding to step S2104, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates a power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 based on the power supply and demand plan for the controlled facility and the first provisional power supply and demand plan. The electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 determines the peak Pe1 of the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 based on the determined power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1.

[0051] Proceeding to step S2105, the electric vehicle group power plan determiner 25 sets the larger of the annual power peak target value L1 and the peak Pe1 in the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 as the upper limit of available power.

[0052] Proceeding to step S2106, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets a value obtained by subtracting the value for each time period in the power supply and demand plan of the equipment to be controlled from the available power upper limit as the upper limit value (power upper limit planned value) of the power that can be used for charging and discharging the electric vehicle battery 50 for each time period. Note that the power supply and demand plans for equipment other than the electric vehicle battery 50 may be created anew from the available power upper limit, rather than the plan created in step S2104.

[0053] Fig. 10 shows an example of a power upper limit plan created by the power supply and demand management device 20. The horizontal axis of Fig. 10 shows time, and the vertical axis shows the amount of charge / discharge power per time period that is charged to and discharged from the electric vehicle battery 50. In Fig. 10, when the charge / discharge power is positive, the electric vehicle battery 50 is being charged, and when the charge / discharge power amount is negative, the electric vehicle battery 50 is being discharged.

[0054] The diagram in the upper left of Fig. 10 is a peak shaving power plan acquired from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The diagram in the upper left of Fig. 10 shows a peak shaving power plan in which the electric vehicle battery 50 is charged in the morning and evening and discharged from the electric vehicle battery 50 during the day.

[0055] The annual peak power target value L1 is set as the available power upper limit if it is greater than the peak Pe1 in the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1. In this case, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets the value obtained by subtracting the power supply and demand plan of the controlled facility from the annual peak power target value L1 as the power upper limit plan value.

[0056] For example, in the diagram at the bottom left of Figure 10, if the power upper limit plan value obtained by subtracting the power supply and demand plan of the equipment to be controlled from the annual power peak target value L1 is positive in all time periods, it is possible to create an electric vehicle charging plan that charges the electric vehicle battery 50 in all time periods.

[0057] Furthermore, if the annual peak power target value L1 is equal to or less than the peak Pe1 in the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, the available power upper limit is set to the peak Pe1 in the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1. In this case, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets the power upper limit plan value to a value obtained by subtracting the power supply and demand plan of the controlled equipment from the peak Pe1 in the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1.

[0058] For example, in the diagram at the bottom right of Figure 10, an electric vehicle charging plan can be created in which the electric vehicle battery 50 is charged during time periods when the value obtained by subtracting the electric power supply and demand plan of the controlled equipment from the peak Pe1 of the electric power supply and demand plan of the entire electric power supply and demand system 1 is positive, and the electric vehicle battery 50 is discharged during time periods when the value obtained by subtracting the electric power supply and demand plan of the controlled equipment from the peak Pe1 of the electric power supply and demand plan of the entire electric power supply and demand system 1 is negative.

[0059] Proceeding to step S2107, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 determines a power upper limit plan, which is a transition of the power upper limit plan value, based on the power upper limit plan value for each time slot. This power upper limit plan corresponds to the corrected electric vehicle group adaptable power plan. The electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 transmits the power upper limit plan to the electric vehicle group power management device 30 as the electric vehicle group power plan. Note that the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 may also transmit a unit power fee, which is the electricity fee per unit amount of power, to the electric vehicle group power management device 30 in accordance with the electric vehicle group power plan. Thereafter, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 ends the processing of FIG. 9 .

[0060] [Operation and Effect of First Embodiment] As described above, the power supply and demand system 1 according to the first embodiment includes a power supply and demand management device 20 that manages the supply and demand of power for the entire power supply and demand system 1, and an electric vehicle group power management device 30 that manages the power charged and discharged by an electric vehicle charger 40 (a charging and discharging device) to one or more electric vehicle batteries 50 (batteries of the electric vehicle group). The electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates an electric vehicle group compatible power plan, taking into account the state of the electric vehicle battery 50, that includes at least a peak cut power plan, which is a charge and discharge plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that suppresses peaks in the power supply and demand plan that predicts the transition of power supply and demand for the entire power supply and demand system 1. The electric vehicle group power management device 30 outputs the electric vehicle group compatible power plan to the power supply and demand management device 20. The power supply and demand management device 20 acquires the electric vehicle group compatible power plan from the electric vehicle group power management device 30 and corrects the electric vehicle group compatible power plan based on power control information of at least equipment that can control power demand in the power supply and demand system 1. The power supply and demand management device 20 outputs the corrected electric vehicle group adaptable power plan as an electric vehicle group power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The electric vehicle group power management device 30 acquires the electric vehicle group power plan from the power supply and demand management device 20, and manages the power that is charged and discharged by the electric vehicle charger 40 to the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the electric vehicle group power plan.

[0061] According to the power supply and demand system 1 according to the first embodiment, it is possible to separate the power supply and demand management device 20 that manages the supply and demand of power for the entire power supply and demand system 1 from the electric vehicle group power management device 30 that manages the power charged and discharged to the electric vehicle batteries 50 connected to the electric vehicle chargers 40. When supporting communication with electric vehicle batteries 50 of new vehicle models, it is only necessary to implement communication with the new vehicle model on the electric vehicle group power management device 30 side, thereby reducing the effort required to support various electric vehicle batteries 50.

[0062] Furthermore, according to the power supply and demand system 1 according to the first embodiment, a peak cut power plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that takes into account the power supply and demand plan on the power supply and demand system 1 side is transmitted from the electric vehicle group power management device 30 to the power supply and demand management device 20. The power supply and demand management device 20 then corrects the peak cut power plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 based on at least power control information for the equipment in the power supply and demand system 1, and outputs a power upper limit plan that is the corrected peak cut power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device 30. This makes it possible to create an electric vehicle group power plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that takes into account the power supply and demand of the entire power supply and demand system 1 while reducing the number of communications. The electric vehicle charger 40 can be controlled taking into account the power supply and demand in the power supply and demand system 1 and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50.

[0063] Furthermore, according to the power supply and demand system 1 of the first embodiment, by creating a peak shaving power plan that has a large difference between the amount of discharged power and the amount of charged power, or a plan that reduces this difference, it is possible to reduce peak power when taking into account controllable loads, non-renewable energy power generation facilities, and storage batteries. Furthermore, by transmitting a unit power charge, which is the electricity rate per unit amount of power, in accordance with the electric vehicle group power plan, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 can implement charging taking into account the unit price of power.

[0064] [Second embodiment] Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment, in step S13 of Fig. 6 , the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates an electric vehicle group adaptable power plan that includes, in addition to a peak cut power plan, a bottom-up power plan that is a charge / discharge plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that increases the bottom of the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, based on information such as the power supply and demand plan information, the electric vehicle battery connection plan, and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50.

[0065] A first example of bottom-up power planning will be described with reference to Fig. 11. The horizontal axis of Fig. 11 represents time, and the vertical axis represents the amount of power. Fig. 11 shows an example of bottom-up power planning for a power supply and demand plan P1 for the entire power supply and demand system 1 in which peak power demand occurs during the day.

[0066] The electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a bottom-up power plan for the power supply and demand plan P1 of the entire power supply and demand system 1, as shown in FIG. 11 , which increases the bottom of power demand by charging the electric vehicle batteries 50 in the morning and evening when power demand is low. The bottom of power demand here refers to a state in which the value of the power supply and demand plan P1 is minimum and the power demand of the entire power supply and demand system 1 is low. This bottom-up plan is desirably one that maximizes the bottom power while preventing the power supply and demand from becoming negative. Furthermore, when the bottom power is maximized, it is desirably one that maximizes the amount of stored power when the electric vehicle batteries 50 are removed. Furthermore, a plan that has a small deviation from the bottom power is desirably one. The deviation here is a value evaluated, for example, by the following equation (2):

[0067] Next, a second example of bottom-up power planning will be described with reference to Fig. 12. The horizontal axis of Fig. 12 represents time, and the vertical axis represents power demand. Fig. 12 shows an example of bottom-up power planning for a power supply and demand plan P2 for the entire power supply and demand system 1 in which surplus power occurs during the day.

[0068] The electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a bottom-up power plan for the power supply and demand plan P2 of the entire power supply and demand system 1, as shown in FIG. 12 , in which the bottom of the power supply and demand plan is increased by charging the electric vehicle batteries 50 during the day when surplus power is generated.

[0069] That is, the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creating unit 36 ​​creates a bottom-up power plan that reduces fluctuations in power supply and demand in the entire power supply and demand system 1 .

[0070] In the second embodiment, in step S14 of Fig. 5 , the communication unit 35 transmits an electric vehicle group compatible power plan including the peak cut power plan and the bottom-up power plan to the power supply and demand management device 20 in a state in which the peak cut power plan and the bottom-up power plan can be distinguished from each other, and ends the processing of Fig. 5. Thereafter, the processing proceeds to step S4 of Fig. 4.

[0071] Next, the process of correcting the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan in step S4 of Fig. 4 in the second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 13. In step S21 of Fig. 13, the power supply and demand management device 20 creates a power upper limit plan, which is a transition of the upper limit value available for charging and discharging the electric vehicle batteries 50 mounted on the EVs 50 in each time zone, based on the peak cut power plan included in the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan acquired from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The process of creating the power upper limit plan is similar to the process of Fig. 9 in the first embodiment, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0072] Proceeding to step S22, the power supply and demand management device 20 creates a power lower limit plan, which is a transition of the lower limit value of the amount of power that can be used by the electric vehicle charger 40 to charge and discharge the electric vehicle battery 50, based on the bottom-up power plan included in the electric vehicle group supportable power plan acquired from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The process of creating the power lower limit plan will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0073] First, in step S2201 of Fig. 14 , the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates a second provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 based on the bottom-up power plan acquired from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates the second provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, for example, by adding or subtracting the amount of charging and discharging power when charging and discharging the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the bottom-up power plan to or from the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 predicted in step S1 of Fig. 4 . The power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates the second provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, for example, by adding the amount of charging power when charging the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the bottom-up power plan to the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 and subtracting the amount of discharging power when discharging the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the bottom-up power plan from the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1.

[0074] Proceeding to step S2202, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 acquires power control information of the control target facilities, such as the current controllable load 70, the renewable energy power generation facility 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100, from the monitoring and control unit 22. The power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates a power supply and demand plan for the control target facilities, based on the power control information of the control target facilities, such as the current controllable load 70, the renewable energy power generation facility 80, the non-renewable energy power generation facility 90, and the storage battery 100.

[0075] Proceeding to step S2203, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates a power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 based on the power supply and demand plan for the controlled facility and the second provisional power supply and demand plan.

[0076] Proceeding to step S2204, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 determines whether the value for each time zone in the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 is greater than 0. If the value of the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 is greater than 0 (YES in step S2204), the process proceeds to step S2205, where the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets the value obtained by subtracting the value of the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 from the value of the bottom-up power plan as the lower limit value of power available for charging and discharging the electric vehicle battery 50 (lower limit planned power value).

[0077] On the other hand, if the value of the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 is equal to or less than 0 (NO in step S2204), the process proceeds to step S2206, where the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets the value of the bottom-up power plan to the power lower limit plan value.

[0078] Fig. 15 shows an example of a power lower limit plan created by the power supply and demand management device. The horizontal axis of Fig. 15 shows time, and the vertical axis shows the amount of charge / discharge power for each time period charged to and discharged from the electric vehicle battery 50. In Fig. 15, when the charge / discharge power is positive, the electric vehicle battery 50 is being charged, and when the charge / discharge power amount is negative, the electric vehicle battery 50 is being discharged.

[0079] The diagram at the top left of Fig. 15 is a bottom-up power plan acquired from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The diagram at the top left of Fig. 15 shows a bottom-up power plan in which the electric vehicle battery 50 is discharged in the morning and charged during the day.

[0080] If the value of the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 is greater than 0, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets the lower limit power plan value to a value obtained by subtracting the value of the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 from the value of the bottom-up power plan. Furthermore, if the value of the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 is equal to or less than 0, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets the value of the bottom-up power plan to the lower limit power plan value.

[0081] For example, in the diagram at the bottom left of Fig. 15, an electric vehicle charging plan can be created in which the electric vehicle battery 50 is discharged in time periods when the power lower limit planned value is negative, and the electric vehicle battery 50 is charged in time periods when the power lower limit planned value is positive. Also, for example, in the diagram at the bottom right of Fig. 15, if the power lower limit planned value is negative in all time periods, an electric vehicle charging plan can be created in which the electric vehicle battery 50 is discharged in all time periods.

[0082] In step S2207, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 determines a lower limit power plan, which is a transition of the lower limit power plan value, based on the lower limit power plan value for each time slot. The electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 then ends the processing in FIG. 14, and the processing proceeds to step S23 in FIG. 13.

[0083] In step S23 of Fig. 13 , the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 determines whether the value of the power upper limit plan is equal to or greater than the value of the power lower limit plan in all time periods. If the value of the power upper limit plan is equal to or greater than the value of the power lower limit plan in all time periods (YES in step S23), the process proceeds to step S24. In step S24, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 transmits the power upper limit plan and the power lower limit plan as an electric vehicle group power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device 30. Thereafter, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 ends the processing of Fig. 13 .

[0084] On the other hand, if the value of the power upper limit plan is not equal to or greater than the value of the power lower limit plan in all time periods (NO in step S23), the process proceeds to step S25. In step S25, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 calculates the merits of each of the power upper limit plan and the power lower limit plan. For example, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 calculates the amount of profit when the power upper limit plan is adopted and the amount of profit when the power lower limit plan is adopted as the merits of each of the power upper limit plan and the power lower limit plan.

[0085] The electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 calculates the amount of revenue when the power upper limit plan is adopted, for example, based on the amount of charge and discharge in each time period when charging and discharging of the electric vehicle battery 50 is controlled based on the power upper limit plan, and the unit power rate, which is the electricity rate per unit amount of power in each time period. The electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 also calculates the amount of revenue when the power lower limit plan is adopted, for example, based on the amount of charge and discharge in each time period when charging and discharging of the electric vehicle battery 50 is controlled based on the power lower limit plan, and the unit power rate for each time period. The electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 selects the plan with the greater calculated benefit (amount of revenue) from the power upper limit plan and the power lower limit plan.

[0086] [Effects of Second Embodiment] As described above, in the electric vehicle power supply and demand system 1 according to the second embodiment, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 further includes in the electric vehicle group supportable power plan a bottom-up power plan which is a charge and discharge plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that increases the bottom of the power supply and demand plan.

[0087] According to the power supply and demand system 1 according to the second embodiment, a peak cut power plan and a bottom-up power plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that take into account the power supply and demand plan on the power supply and demand system 1 side are transmitted from the electric vehicle group power management device 30 to the power supply and demand management device 20. The power supply and demand management device 20 then corrects the peak cut power plan and the bottom-up power plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 based on at least power control information of the equipment in the power supply and demand system 1, and can output at least one of the upper power limit plan and the lower power limit plan, which are the corrected peak cut power plan and the bottom-up power plan, to the electric vehicle group power management device 30.

[0088] This makes it possible to reduce the number of communications while creating a power plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that takes into account the power supply and demand of the entire power supply and demand system 1. The electric vehicle charger 40 can be controlled taking into account the power supply and demand within the power supply and demand system 1 and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50. This makes it possible to effectively utilize the energy of the electric vehicle battery 50 in cases where the power of the renewable energy power generation facility 80 cannot be fully utilized within the power supply and demand system 1 or where the power generated by the renewable energy power generation facility 80 must be restricted.

[0089] Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment described above, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 created an electric vehicle group adaptable power plan including a peak cut power plan and a bottom-up power plan, and transmitted the plan to the power supply and demand management device 20. However, in the third embodiment, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates a second electric vehicle group adaptable power plan including a demand response power plan for charging and discharging the electric vehicle charger 40 in accordance with a target period for demand response in the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, in addition to the first electric vehicle group adaptable power plan including the peak cut power plan and the bottom-up power plan. Note that the processes for creating the peak cut power plan and the bottom-up power plan are the same as those in the second embodiment, and therefore description thereof will be omitted. Furthermore, in the third embodiment, the process for creating a power upper limit plan executed by the power supply and demand management device 20 differs from the process for creating a power upper limit plan executed by the power supply and demand management device 20 in the second embodiment (corresponding to the process shown in FIG. 9 in the first embodiment). In the following description, the third embodiment of the present invention will be described, focusing on the differences from the second embodiment.

[0090] In the third embodiment, the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​of the electric vehicle group power management device 30 acquires information about a demand response request from a power utility, for example, from the power system monitoring and control system 2. The information about the demand response request includes a target time for the demand response and a target value for the demand response. The demand response request includes at least the target time for the demand response. Demand response requests include a request to reduce power consumption at the target time (hereinafter referred to as a down-demand response request) and a request to promote power consumption (hereinafter referred to as an up-demand response request). The following description focuses on a method for responding to a down-demand response request.

[0091] The electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a demand response power plan based on the electric vehicle group compatible power plan including the peak cut power plan and the bottom-up power plan, as well as information such as the power supply and demand plan information acquired from the power supply and demand management device 20, information related to the demand response request, the electric vehicle battery connection plan, and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50.

[0092] The electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​acquires the target time of the demand response (period D1) as information related to the demand response request, as shown in the upper diagram of Fig. 16 . In this case, as shown in the lower diagram of Fig. 16 , the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a demand response power plan that suppresses the supply and demand of power in the entire power supply and demand system 1 for period D1. Note that in the case of an upward demand response request, the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a demand response power plan that increases the supply and demand of power in the entire power supply and demand system 1 for period D1. In the case of a downward demand response request, the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​is able to make the same distinction as with a peak cut power plan, and in the case of an upward demand response request, is able to make the same distinction as with a bottom-up power plan.

[0093] Furthermore, in the third embodiment, the power supply and demand management device 20 calculates the revenue amounts for adopting each of the peak cut power plan and the demand response power plan based on the contract power increase amount and the demand response response revenue, and selects either the peak cut power plan or the demand response power plan based on the revenue amounts. If it is possible to change whether or not to participate in demand response, the revenue amounts for three cases, namely, adopting the peak cut power plan and the demand response power plan, for the cases of participating in demand response and not participating in demand response, can be calculated, and the case with the largest revenue amount can be selected. The power supply and demand management device 20 corrects the selected power plan based at least on power control information for equipment capable of controlling power demand within the power supply and demand system 1 and information indicating the target period for demand response.

[0094] Here, the process of creating a power upper limit plan, which is executed by the power supply and demand management device 20 in the third embodiment, will be described with reference to Fig. 17A and Fig. 17B . In the third embodiment, the process of Fig. 17A and Fig. 17B is executed instead of the process of Fig. 9 in the first and second embodiments.

[0095] 17A , the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates a first provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, based on the peak cut power plan acquired from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The method for creating the first provisional power supply and demand plan is the same as in the first embodiment. Furthermore, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates a third provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, based on the demand response power plan acquired from the electric vehicle group power management device 30.

[0096] The power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates a third provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, for example, by adding or subtracting the amount of charging and discharging power when charging and discharging the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the demand response power plan to or from the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 predicted in step S1 of Fig. 4. The power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates the third provisional power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, for example, by adding the amount of charging power when charging the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the demand response power plan to the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1, and subtracting the amount of discharging power when discharging from the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the demand response power plan from the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1.

[0097] Proceeding to step S302, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 creates a power supply and demand plan for the controlled equipment based on the power control information of the controlled equipment, such as the current controllable load 70, renewable energy equipment 80, non-renewable energy power generation equipment 90, and storage battery 100, and whether or not to participate in demand response.

[0098] Proceeding to step S303, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 calculates the merits of each of the peak cut power plan and the demand response power plan. For example, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 calculates the amount of profit when the peak cut power plan is adopted and the amount of profit when the demand response power plan is adopted as the merits of each of the peak cut power plan and the demand response power plan.

[0099] The power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 calculates the amount of revenue when the peak cut power plan is adopted, for example, based on the amount of charge and discharge in each time period when charging and discharging of the electric vehicle battery 50 is controlled based on the peak cut power plan and the unit power rate for each time period. Also, the power supply and demand plan creation unit 24 calculates the amount of revenue when the demand response power plan is adopted, for example, based on the amount of charge and discharge in each time period when charging and discharging of the electric vehicle battery 50 is controlled based on the demand response power plan and the unit power rate for each time period.

[0100] Proceeding to step S304, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 selects the plan with the greater calculated benefit (profit amount) from among the peak cut power plan and the demand response power plan.

[0101] Proceeding to step S305 in FIG. 17B , the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 acquires information indicating an annual power peak target value based on peaks in past power supply and demand plans from the power system monitoring and control system 2 or an external device (not shown).

[0102] Proceeding to step S306, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 acquires the target time for demand response and the target value for demand response from the electric vehicle group power management device 30 or an external device (not shown).

[0103] Proceeding to step S307, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 determines whether or not a time period for which a power upper limit plan value is set is a target time for demand response. If the time period for which a power upper limit plan value is set is included in the target time for demand response (YES in step S307), the process proceeds to step S308, where the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets the target value for demand response as the allowable supply and demand upper limit power. Then, the process proceeds to step S310. On the other hand, if the time period for which the allowable supply and demand upper limit power is set is not a target time for demand response (NO in step S307), the process proceeds to step S309, where the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets the annual peak power target value as the allowable supply and demand upper limit power. Then, the process proceeds to step S310.

[0104] In step S310, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 determines whether the allowable upper limit power supply and demand is greater than the power supply and demand plan of the controlled equipment. If the allowable upper limit power supply and demand is greater than the value in the power supply and demand plan of the controlled equipment (YES in step S310), the process proceeds to step S311, where the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets a value obtained by subtracting the value for each time slot in the power supply and demand plan of the controlled equipment from the available power upper limit as the power upper limit plan value for each time slot. Then, the process proceeds to step S313. On the other hand, if the allowable upper limit power supply and demand is equal to or less than the value in the power supply and demand plan of the controlled equipment (NO in step S310), the process proceeds to step S312, where the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 sets the value of the power plan selected in step S304 as the power upper limit plan value for each time slot. Then, the process proceeds to step S313.

[0105] In step S313, the electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 determines a power upper limit plan, which is a transition of the power upper limit plan value, based on the power upper limit plan value for each time slot. The electric vehicle group power plan determination unit 25 then ends the processing of FIG. 17B. The processing then proceeds to step S22 of FIG. 13, where the same processing as in the second embodiment is executed.

[0106] [Operation and Effect of Third Embodiment] As described above, in the power supply and demand system 1 according to the third embodiment, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates a first electric vehicle group compatible power plan including a peak cut power plan and a bottom-up power plan, and a second electric vehicle group compatible power plan (a power plan for demand response) for charging and discharging the electric vehicle battery 50 in accordance with a target period for demand response in the power supply and demand plan, and outputs the first and second electric vehicle group compatible power plans to the power supply and demand management device 20. The power supply and demand management device 20 acquires the first and second electric vehicle group compatible power plans from the electric vehicle group power management device 30, and calculates the amount of revenue when each of the first and second electric vehicle group compatible power plans is adopted based on at least the unit power fee, which is the electricity rate per unit amount of power. The power supply and demand management device 20 selects either the first or second electric vehicle group adaptable power plan based on the amount of revenue, and corrects the selected first or second electric vehicle group adaptable power plan based on at least power control information of equipment capable of controlling power demand in the power supply and demand system 1 and information indicating a target period for demand response. The power supply and demand management device 20 outputs the electric vehicle group power plan, which is the corrected first or second electric vehicle group adaptable power plan, to the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The electric vehicle group power management device 30 acquires the electric vehicle group power plan from the power supply and demand management device 20, and manages the power that is charged and discharged by the electric vehicle charger 40 to the electric vehicle battery 50 based on the electric vehicle group power plan.

[0107] According to the charge / discharge management method of the third embodiment, it is possible to select the power plan with the greater advantage from the peak cut power plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 and the demand response power plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that takes demand response into consideration, and to correct the selected power plan based on at least the power control information for the equipment in the power supply and demand system 1 and information indicating the target period for demand response. This makes it possible to create a more optimal power plan for the electric vehicle battery 50 that takes demand response into consideration.

[0108] Although the third embodiment describes a method of transmitting a time period for participating in demand response, a power demand plan that is larger than the amount of power that can be charged by the electric vehicle group during that time period may also be transmitted from the power supply and demand management device 20 to the electric vehicle group power management device 30. If a peak cut power plan is created based on such a large power demand plan, an electric vehicle group manageable power plan equivalent to that of the first embodiment can be obtained even during the period covered by demand response. Furthermore, if power that becomes expensive when exceeded is determined for each time period, the difference between the power supply and demand plan and the power that becomes expensive when determined for each time period may be transmitted as a demand response signal.

[0109] [Fourth Embodiment] Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment described above, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 created an electric vehicle group adaptable power plan including one peak cut power plan and one bottom-up power plan, and transmitted the plan to the power supply and demand management device 20. However, in the fourth embodiment, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates multiple peak cut power plans that take into account delays or advances in the power supply and demand plan of the entire power supply and demand system 1, and creates multiple bottom-up power plans that take into account delays or advances in the power supply and demand plan of the entire power supply and demand system 1. This is different from the second embodiment in that the power supply and demand management device 20 selects one of multiple peak cut power plans and one of multiple bottom-up power plans based on at least a unit power rate, which is the electricity rate per unit amount of power. In the fourth embodiment, the power supply and demand management device 20 corrects the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan based on the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan including the selected peak cut power plan and bottom-up power plan, and on power control information of at least equipment capable of controlling power demand within the power supply and demand system 1. The following description of the fourth embodiment of the present invention will focus on the differences from the second embodiment.

[0110] First, examples of multiple peak-cut power plans created by the electric vehicle group power management device 30 in the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 18 and Fig. 19. The horizontal axis in Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 represents time, and the vertical axis represents power demand. Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 show examples of multiple peak-cut power plans for a facility-wide power supply and demand plan P1 in which peak power demand occurs during the day.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 18 , the electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​of the electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates a first peak cut power plan based on information such as the power supply and demand plan information, the electric vehicle battery connection plan, and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50, which delays charging of the electric vehicle battery 50 as much as possible and accelerates discharging from the electric vehicle battery 50 as much as possible.

[0112] 19 , the electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a second peak-cut power plan that accelerates charging of the electric vehicle battery 50 as much as possible and delays discharging from the electric vehicle battery 50 as much as possible, based on information such as the power supply and demand plan information, the electric vehicle battery connection plan, and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50. Note that the electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​may create multiple power supply and demand plans in which the time of the power supply and demand plan P1 is delayed or advanced by a predetermined time, and create multiple peak-cut power plans based on each of the multiple power supply and demand plans.

[0113] Next, examples of multiple bottom-up power plans will be described with reference to Figures 20 and 21. The horizontal axis of Figures 20 and 21 represents time, and the vertical axis represents power demand. Figures 20 and 21 show examples of multiple bottom-up power plans for a facility-wide power supply and demand plan P2 in which surplus power occurs during the day.

[0114] As shown in FIG. 20 , the electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a first bottom-up power plan based on information such as the power supply and demand plan information, the electric vehicle battery connection plan, and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50, which delays discharging from the electric vehicle battery 50 as much as possible and speeds up charging of the electric vehicle battery 50 as much as possible.

[0115] 21 , the electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates a second bottom-up power plan that accelerates discharging from the electric vehicle battery 50 as much as possible and delays charging of the electric vehicle battery 50 as much as possible, based on information such as the power supply and demand plan information, the electric vehicle battery connection plan, and the state of the electric vehicle battery 50. Note that the electric vehicle group compatible power plan creation unit 36 ​​may create multiple power supply and demand plans in which the time of the power supply and demand plan P2 is delayed or advanced by a predetermined time, and create multiple bottom-up power plans based on each of the multiple power supply and demand plans.

[0116] The electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​calculates the amount of revenue when each of the multiple peak cut power plans and the multiple bottom-up power plans is adopted based on the unit power amount. The electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​selects one of the multiple peak cut power plans and one of the multiple bottom-up power plans based on the amount of revenue. The electric vehicle group adaptable power plan creation unit 36 ​​creates an electric vehicle group adaptable power plan including the selected peak cut power plan and bottom-up power plan, and transmits the plan to the power supply and demand management device 20. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S4 in FIG. 4 , where the same processing as in the second embodiment is executed.

[0117] In accordance with the above, multiple peak-cut power plans and bottom-up power plans may be created when the power supply and demand plan P2 is increased by a predetermined percentage, and multiple peak-cut power plans and bottom-up power plans may be created when the power supply and demand plan P2 is decreased by a predetermined percentage, and multiple power plans that can be handled by electric vehicle groups may be created based on each of the multiple peak-cut power plans and bottom-up power plans.

[0118] For example, a learning function for creating electric vehicle group compatible power plans may be provided, which stores the transmitted data, compares it with subsequently transmitted electric vehicle group power plans, and prevents the transmission of electric vehicle group compatible power plans created using a method not adopted by the electric vehicle group from the next time onwards.

[0119] [Operation and Effect of Fourth Embodiment] As described above, in the power supply and demand system 1 according to the fourth embodiment, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates a plurality of peak cut power plans that take into account at least one of delays and advances in charging and discharging of the electric vehicle battery 50 in the power supply and demand plan. The electric vehicle group power management device 30 also creates a plurality of bottom-up power plans that take into account at least one of delays and advances in charging and discharging of the electric vehicle battery 50 in the power supply and demand plan. The electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates a plurality of electric vehicle group adaptable power plans that include a plurality of peak cut power plans and a plurality of bottom-up power plans, and outputs the plurality of electric vehicle group adaptable power plans to the power supply and demand management device 20. The power supply and demand management device 20 acquires the plurality of electric vehicle group adaptable power plans from the electric vehicle group power management device 30, and calculates the amount of revenue that would be generated if each of the plurality of electric vehicle group adaptable power plans were adopted, based on at least the unit power fee, which is the electricity rate per unit amount of power. The power supply and demand management device 20 selects one of a plurality of power plans that can be accommodated by the electric vehicle group based on the amount of revenue, and corrects the selected power plan that can be accommodated by the electric vehicle group based on power control information of at least equipment that can control power demand within the power supply and demand system 1.

[0120] According to the charge / discharge management method of the fourth embodiment, it is possible to select the most advantageous power plan from among a plurality of bottom-up power plans and a plurality of peak-cut power plans that take into account uncertainties such as delays or advances in the power supply and demand plan of the entire power supply and demand system 1, and to correct the selected power plan based on at least the power control information of the equipment in the power supply and demand system 1. This makes it possible to create a more optimal power plan for a group of electric vehicle chargers 40 that takes into account the power supply and demand plan of the entire power supply and demand system 1.

[0121] (Modification) Next, a modification of the fourth embodiment will be described. In a modification of the fourth embodiment, the power supply and demand management device 20 may create multiple power supply and demand plans that take into account delays or advances in the power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1. For example, in FIG. 22 , the power supply and demand management device 20 creates a power supply and demand plan P31 and a power supply and demand plan P32 that takes into account delays in the power supply and demand plan P31. In this case, the power supply and demand management device 20 predicts the probability that each of the multiple power supply and demand plans will be executed. For example, in FIG. 20 , the power supply and demand management device 20 predicts a first probability of 70% that the power supply and demand plan P31 will be executed, and a second probability of 30% that the power supply and demand plan P32 will be executed.

[0122] For example, in FIG. 22 , the electric vehicle group power management device 30 acquires two power supply and demand plans P31 and P32 from the power supply and demand management device 20. The electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates multiple peak-cut power plans and multiple bottom-up power plans based on each of the power supply and demand plans P31 and P32. For example, as shown in FIG. 22 , the electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates a peak-cut power plan (first power plan) that suppresses the peak of the power supply and demand plan P31, and a peak-cut power plan (second power plan) that suppresses the peak of the power supply and demand plan P32. Similarly, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates a bottom-up power plan that increases the bottom of the created power supply and demand plan P31, and a bottom-up power plan that increases the bottom of the power supply and demand plan P32. The electric vehicle group power management device 30 transmits the created multiple peak-cut power plans and multiple bottom-up power plans to the power supply and demand management device 20.

[0123] The power supply and demand management device 20 acquires a plurality of peak cut power plans and a plurality of bottom-up power plans from the electric vehicle group power management device 30. The power supply and demand management device 20 creates a power supply and demand plan for the entire power supply and demand system 1 when each of the plurality of peak cut power plans and the plurality of bottom-up power plans is adopted. The power supply and demand management device 20 calculates the amount of excess power that each of the created power supply and demand plans for the entire power supply and demand system 1 exceeds a predetermined target peak power value. For example, in FIG. 22 , the power supply and demand management device 20 calculates an excess power amount of 10 kW when the first power plan is adopted in the power supply and demand plan P31, an excess power amount of 25 kW when the first power plan is adopted in the power supply and demand plan P32, an excess power amount of 30 kW when the second power plan is adopted in the power supply and demand plan P31, and an excess power amount of 15 kW when the second power plan is adopted in the power supply and demand plan P32.

[0124] The power supply and demand management device 20 selects one of a plurality of peak-cut power plans and one of a plurality of bottom-up power plans based on the probability that each of the plurality of power supply and demand plans will be executed and the amount of excess power that will result when each of the plurality of power supply and demand plans is adopted. For example, in Fig. 22, the power supply and demand management device 20 calculates the evaluation score of the first power plan using the following formula (3) using a first probability of 70% that the power supply and demand plan P31 will be executed, a second probability of 30% that the power supply and demand plan P32 will be executed, and the amounts of excess power of 10 kW and 25 kW when the first power plan is adopted.

[0125] -(10 x 0.7) - (25 x 0.3) = -14.5 (3)

[0126] Also, for example, in Figure 22, the power supply and demand management device 20 calculates the evaluation score of the second power plan using the first probability of 70% that the power supply and demand plan P31 will be executed, the second probability of 30% that the power supply and demand plan P32 will be executed, and the excess power amounts of 30 kW and 15 kW when the second power plan is adopted, using the following formula (4).

[0127] -(30 x 0.7) -(15 x 0.3) = -25.5 (4)

[0128] In Fig. 22 , the power supply and demand management device 20 selects the power plan with the higher calculated evaluation score. That is, in Fig. 22 , the power supply and demand management device 20 selects the first power plan. In the same manner, the power supply and demand management device 20 selects one of a plurality of bottom-up power plans.

[0129] The power supply and demand management device 20 creates an electric vehicle group compatible power plan including the selected peak cut power plan and bottom-up power plan, and performs processing from step S4 onwards in Figure 4 of the second embodiment on the created electric vehicle group compatible power plan.

[0130] As described above, in the power supply and demand system 1 according to the modified example of the fourth embodiment, the electric vehicle group power management device 30 creates multiple peak cut power plans that take into account a case where the power supply and demand plan remains as planned and a case where the power supply and demand plan is delayed or advanced at least in one instance. The electric vehicle group power management device 30 also creates multiple bottom-up power plans that take into account a case where the power supply and demand plan remains as planned and a case where the power supply and demand plan is delayed or advanced at least in one instance. The electric vehicle group power management device 30 outputs the multiple peak cut power plans and the multiple bottom-up power plans to the power supply and demand management device 20. The power supply and demand management device 20 acquires the multiple peak cut power plans and the multiple bottom-up power plans from the electric vehicle group power management device 30, and calculates the amount of excess power by which each of the power supply and demand plans exceeds a predetermined target peak power value when each of the multiple peak cut power plans and the multiple bottom-up power plans is adopted. The power supply and demand management device 20 selects one of the plurality of peak-cut power plans and one of the plurality of bottom-up power plans based on each calculated amount of excess power, a first probability that the power supply and demand plan will be as planned, and a second probability that the power supply and demand plan will be delayed or accelerated. The power supply and demand management device 20 corrects the selected peak-cut power plan and the electric vehicle fleet compatible power plan including bottom-up power, based on power control information of equipment that can control power demand at least within the power supply and demand system 1.

[0131] According to the modification of the fourth embodiment, it is possible to select the most advantageous power plan from among a plurality of peak-cut power plans and a plurality of bottom-up power plans that take into account uncertainties such as delays or advances in the power supply and demand plan of the entire power supply and demand system 1, and to correct the selected power plan based on at least the power control information of the equipment in the power supply and demand system 1. This makes it possible to create a more optimal power plan for the group of electric vehicle chargers 40 that takes into account the power supply and demand plan of the entire power supply and demand system 1.

[0132] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the descriptions and drawings that form part of this disclosure should not be understood to limit the present invention. Various alternative embodiments, examples, and operating techniques will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.

[0133] For example, after receiving the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan, the power supply and demand management device 20 creates a controllable load plan and an electric vehicle group power plan, and transmits the electric vehicle group power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device 30. After receiving the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan, it is also possible to repeatedly create power supply and demand plans for the controllable loads and non-renewable energy power generation facilities, and then create a new electric vehicle group power plan based on the plan. Furthermore, if the power supply and demand management device 20 has multiple power supply and demand plans, it may transmit these multiple plans, and the electric vehicle group adaptable power plan may be selected and corrected using each power supply and demand plan according to the method used in this invention.

[0134] The power supply and demand management device 20 and the electric vehicle group power management device 30 according to the embodiment and its modifications can be realized using a microcomputer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, and input / output units. A computer program for causing the microcomputer to function as the power supply and demand management device 20 and the electric vehicle group power management device 30 is installed and executed on the microcomputer. As a result, the microcomputer functions as multiple information processing units included in the power supply and demand management device 20 and the electric vehicle group power management device 30. While an example of implementing the power supply and demand management device 20 and the electric vehicle group power management device 30 using software is shown here, it is also possible to configure the power supply and demand management device 20 and the electric vehicle group power management device 30 using dedicated hardware for executing each information processing function. Dedicated hardware includes devices such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and conventional circuit components configured to perform the functions described in the embodiment, its modifications, or examples. Furthermore, the multiple information processing units included in the power supply and demand management device 20 and the electric vehicle group power management device 30 may be configured using separate hardware. The power supply and demand management device 20 and the electric vehicle group power management device 30 may be separate entities or may be the same entity.

[0135] 1 Electric power supply and demand system 20 Electric power supply and demand management device 30 Electric vehicle group power management device 40 Electric vehicle charger (charging and discharging device) 50 Electric vehicle battery (battery of electric vehicle group)

Claims

1. An electricity supply and demand system comprising an electricity supply and demand management device which manages electricity supply and demand of the entire electricity supply and demand system, and an electric vehicle group power management device which manages electricity charged and discharged by a charging and discharging device to batteries of one or more electric vehicle groups, wherein the electric vehicle group power management device creates an electric vehicle group compatible power plan taking into consideration a state of the batteries of the electric vehicle group, the electric vehicle group compatible power plan including a peak cut power plan which is a charging and discharging plan for the batteries of the electric vehicle group so as to suppress peaks in an electricity supply and demand plan which predicts a transition of electricity supply and demand of the entire electricity supply and demand system, and outputs the electric vehicle group compatible power plan to the electricity supply and demand management device, the electricity supply and demand management device acquires the electric vehicle group compatible power plan from the electric vehicle group power management device, corrects the electric vehicle group compatible power plan based on at least power control information of equipment which is capable of controlling electricity demand in the electricity supply and demand system, and outputs the corrected electric vehicle group compatible power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device as an electric vehicle group power plan, and the electric vehicle group power management device an electric vehicle group power plan obtained from the electric vehicle group power supply and demand management device; and managing the electric power charged and discharged by the charging / discharging device to the batteries of the electric vehicle group based on the electric vehicle group power plan.

2. The power supply and demand system according to claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle group power management device further includes, in the electric vehicle group compatible power plan, a bottom-up power plan which is a charge and discharge plan for the batteries of the electric vehicle group that increases the bottom of the power supply and demand plan.

3. The electric vehicle group power management device creates a first electric vehicle group compatible power plan including the peak cut power plan and the bottom-up power plan, and a second electric vehicle group compatible power plan for charging and discharging the batteries of the electric vehicle group in accordance with a target period of demand response in the power supply and demand plan, outputs the first and second electric vehicle group compatible power plans to the power supply and demand management device, the power supply and demand management device acquires the first and second electric vehicle group compatible power plans from the electric vehicle group power management device, calculates an amount of revenue when each of the first and second electric vehicle group compatible power plans is adopted based at least on a unit power fee that is an electricity fee per unit amount of power, selects one of the first and second electric vehicle group compatible power plans based on the amount of revenue, and corrects the selected first or second electric vehicle group compatible power plan based at least on power control information of equipment capable of controlling power demand in the power supply and demand system and information indicating the target period of the demand response, 3. The power supply and demand system according to claim 2, further comprising: outputting the corrected first or second electric vehicle group applicable power plan as the electric vehicle group power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device; and the electric vehicle group power management device acquiring the electric vehicle group power plan from the power supply and demand management device, and managing the power charged and discharged by the charging / discharging device to the batteries of the electric vehicle group based on the electric vehicle group power plan.

4. The electric vehicle group power management device creates a plurality of peak-cut power plans taking into consideration at least one of a delay or an advance in charging and discharging the batteries of the electric vehicle group in the power supply and demand plan, creates a plurality of bottom-up power plans taking into consideration at least one of a delay or an advance in charging and discharging the batteries of the electric vehicle group in the power supply and demand plan, creates a plurality of electric vehicle group compatible power plans including the plurality of peak-cut power plans and the plurality of bottom-up power plans, and outputs the plurality of electric vehicle group compatible power plans to the power supply and demand management device, The power supply and demand management device acquires the plurality of electric vehicle group compatible power plans from the electric vehicle group power management device, calculates an amount of profit when each of the plurality of electric vehicle group compatible power plans is adopted based at least on a unit power fee that is an electricity fee per unit amount of power, selects one of the plurality of electric vehicle group compatible power plans based on the amount of profit, and corrects the selected electric vehicle group compatible power plan based at least on power control information of equipment capable of controlling power demand in the power supply and demand system. The power supply and demand system according to claim 2.

5. The electric vehicle group power management device creates a plurality of peak cut power plans taking into consideration a case where the power supply and demand plan is as planned and a case where at least one of a delay and an advance occurs in the power supply and demand plan, creates a plurality of bottom-up power plans taking into consideration a case where the power supply and demand plan is as planned and a case where at least one of a delay and an advance occurs in the power supply and demand plan, outputs the plurality of peak cut power plans and the plurality of bottom-up power plans to the power supply and demand management device, The power supply and demand management device acquires the plurality of peak cut power plans and the plurality of bottom-up power plans from the electric vehicle group power management device, Calculates the amount of excess power by which each of the power supply and demand plans exceeds a predetermined target power peak value when each of the plurality of peak cut power plans and the plurality of bottom-up power plans is adopted, the power supply and demand system according to claim 2, further comprising: selecting one of the plurality of peak-cut power plans and selecting one of the plurality of bottom-up power plans based on each of the calculated excess power amounts, a first probability that the power supply and demand plan will be as planned, and a second probability that the power supply and demand plan will be delayed or advanced; and correcting the electric vehicle group compatible power plan including the selected peak-cut power plan and the bottom-up power plan, based on power control information of at least equipment capable of controlling power demand in the power supply and demand system.

6. A method for managing the charging and discharging of electric vehicles using an electric power supply and demand system including an electric power supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electric power of the entire electric power supply and demand system, and an electric vehicle group power management device that manages electric power charged and discharged by a charging and discharging device to the batteries of one or more electric vehicle groups, wherein the electric vehicle group power management device creates an electric vehicle group compatible power plan taking into consideration a state of the batteries of the electric vehicle group, the electric vehicle group compatible power plan including a peak cut power plan that is a charging and discharging plan for the batteries of the electric vehicle group that suppresses peaks in a power supply and demand plan that predicts a transition of power supply and demand of the entire electric power supply and demand system, and outputs the electric vehicle group compatible power plan to the electric power supply and demand management device, the electric power supply and demand management device acquires the electric vehicle group compatible power plan from the electric vehicle group power management device, corrects the electric vehicle group compatible power plan based on at least power control information of equipment that can control power demand in the electric power supply and demand system, and outputs the corrected electric vehicle group compatible power plan to the electric vehicle group power management device as an electric vehicle group power plan, and the electric vehicle group power management device an electric vehicle group power plan obtained from the power supply and demand management device; and managing the power charged and discharged by the charging / discharging device to the batteries of the electric vehicle group based on the electric vehicle group power plan.

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