Devices and methods of communication
The implementation of inter-CU LTM in telecommunications systems, which includes secure key updates during cell switching between cells controlled by different CUs, addresses the limitations of current systems by enhancing mobility and security in telecommunications networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/121243
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Current telecommunications systems lack support for inter-Central Unit (CU) Layer 1/Layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM), which is necessary for efficient cell switching between cells belonging to different CUs, and do not provide a method for secure key updates during such transitions.
The solution involves a method and devices for inter-CU LTM, where a CU of a network device transmits security key update information to a Distributed Unit (DU), and the DU then sends a Medium Access Control (MAC) control element to a terminal device, including the security key update information, to facilitate secure cell switching between cells controlled by different CUs.
This approach enables secure key updates during inter-CU LTM, enhancing the reliability and security of cell switching operations, and supports more extensive scenarios for LTM by allowing cell switches between cells controlled by different CUs.
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Figure CN2023121243_03042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for layer 1 (L1) / layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) .BACKGROUND
[0002] As known, it has been proposed to trigger a change or addition or release of a serving cell by a lower-layer signaling such as L1 / L2 signaling, which is also referred to as LTM. With LTM, mobility latency may be reduced. Currently, only intra-central unit (CU) LTM is supported where a source cell and a target candidate cell belong to the same CU. To further extend scenarios of LTM, it is expected to support inter-CU LTM where a source cell and a target candidate cell belong to different CUs.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for inter-CU LTM.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a DU of a network device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell; and in accordance with a determination that the MAC CE comprises information of an update of a security key, update the security key based on the information of the update of the security key.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a DU of a network device. The DU comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the DU to: receive, from a CU of the network device, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM; and in accordance with a determination that the cell switch to the candidate cell is to be performed, transmit, to a terminal device, a MAC CE indicating the cell switch to the candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the information of the update of the security key.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a CU of a network device. The CU comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause CU to: transmit, to a DU of the network device, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device and from a DU of a network device, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell; and in accordance with a determination that the MAC CE comprises information of an update of a security key, updating the security key based on the information of the update of the security key.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a DU of a network device and from a CU of the network device, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM; and in accordance with a determination that the cell switch to the candidate cell is to be performed, transmitting, to a terminal device, a MAC CE indicating the cell switch to the candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the information of the update of the security key.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: transmitting, at a CU of a network device and to a DU of the network device, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the fourth to sixth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0011] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0013] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0014] FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for a user plane (UP) protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for a control plane (CP) protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 1D illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example LTM procedure in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating another process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating another process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating another process of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 6 illustrates an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 7 illustrates an example method of communication implemented at a DU of a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 8 illustrates an example method of communication implemented at a CU of a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0024] FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0025] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0027] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0028] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0029] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0030] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0031] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0032] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0033] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0034] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0035] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0036] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “a cell switch” may be interchangeably used with “reconfiguration with sync for secondary cell group (SCG) or master cell group (MCG) ” or “a cell change” . The term “PSCell” refers to a SpCell of a SCG, the term “PCell” refers to a SpCell of a MCG, and the term “SpCell” refers to a primary cell of a SCG or MCG. The term “SCell” refers to a secondary cell. The term “lower-layer signaling” may be interchangeably used with “L1 / L2 signaling” . The term “radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration” may be interchangeably used with “RRC reconfiguration message” . The term “candidate cell” may be interchangeably used with “LTM candidate cell” or “candidate cell allowing LTM” . The term “target cell” may be interchangeably used with “target candidate cell” , “candidate target cell” , or “LTM target candidate cell” .
[0037] LTM is a procedure in which a network device (e.g., gNB) receives L1 measurement report (s) from a terminal device (e.g., UE) , and on their basis the network device changes the terminal device’s serving cell by a cell switch command signaled via a MAC CE. The cell switch command indicates an LTM candidate cell configuration that the network device previously prepared and provided to the terminal device through an RRC signaling. Then the terminal device switches to a target candidate cell according to the cell switch command. The LTM procedure may be used to reduce mobility latency.
[0038] As mentioned above, it is expected to support inter-CU LTM to further extend scenarios of LTM. In this case, security key update during inter-CU LTM needs to be studied.
[0039] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of communication for security key update during inter-CU LTM. In the solution, a CU of a network device transmits, to a DU of the network device, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM. Upon determination that the cell switch to the candidate cell is to be performed, the DU transmits, to a terminal device, a MAC CE indicating the cell switch to the candidate cell. The MAC CE comprises the information of the update of the security key. Based on the information of the update of the security key, the terminal device updates the security key. In this way, security key update during inter-CU LTM may be carried out and enhancement on inter-CU LTM may be achieved.
[0040] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0041] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0042] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100A in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication network 100A may include a terminal device 110 and network devices 120 and 130. The network device 120 may provide one or more cells (cells 122-1 and 123-1 as shown) to serve one or more terminal devices. The network device 130 may also provide one or more cells (cells 131 and 132 as shown) to serve one or more terminal devices.
[0043] As shown in FIG. 1A, the network device 120 may comprise a CU 121 and DUs 122 and 123. The CU 121 may communicate with the DUs 122 and 123. It is to be understood that the two DUs 122 and 123 are shown only for illustration, and more or less DUs may also be provided for implementation of embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0044] As shown in FIG. 1A, the DU 122 provides the cell 122-1 and the DU 123 provides the cell 123-1. It is to be understood that this is merely an example, and any of the DUs 122 and 123 may provide more cells. The terminal device 110 may communicate with any of these cells. In this example, the terminal device 110 is located in the cell 123-1 and served by the network device 120.
[0045] Although not shown, the network device 130 may comprise a CU and one or more DUs as described in connection with the network device 120. Alternatively, the network device 130 may not be implemented in a CU-DU architecture, and may be implemented in an integrated architecture as shown.
[0046] The CU 121 may communicate with the network device 130. In some embodiments where the network device 130 comprises a CU and one or more DUs, the CU 121 may communicate with the CU of the network device 130.
[0047] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communication network 100A may further include a core network (CN) 135. The terminal device 110 may communicate with the CN 135 via the network device 120 and / or the network device 130. In this example, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the CU 121 via the DU 123 and the CU 121 may further communicate with the CN 135.
[0048] It is to be understood that the number of devices or cells or CUs or DUs in FIG. 1A is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100A may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or cells and / or CUs and / or DUs adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0049] The communications in the communication network 100A may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0050] Communication in a direction from the terminal device 110 towards the network device 120 is referred to as uplink (UL) communication, while communication in a reverse direction from the network device 120 towards the terminal device 110 is referred to as downlink (DL) communication. The terminal device 110 may move amongst the cells of the network devices 120 and 130 and possibly other network devices. In UL communication, the terminal device 110 may transmit UL data and control information to the network device 120 or 130 via a UL channel. In DL communication, the network device 120 or 130 may transmit DL data and control information to the terminal device 110 via a DL channel.
[0051] The communications in the communication network 100A can be performed in accordance with UP and CP protocol stacks. Generally speaking, for a communication device (such as a terminal device or a network device) , there are a plurality of entities for a plurality of network protocol layers in a protocol stack, which can be configured to implement corresponding processing on data or signaling transmitted from the communication device and received by the communication device. FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram 100B illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for UP protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience, the following description is given by taking the network device 120 as an example of a network device.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 1B, in the UP, each of the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may comprise an entity for the L1 layer, i.e., an entity for a physical (PHY) layer (also referred to as a PHY entity) , and one or more entities for upper layers (L2 and layer 3 (L3) layers, or upper layers) including an entity for a MAC layer (also referred to as a MAC entity) , an entity for a radio link control (RLC) layer (also referred to as a RLC entity) , an entity for a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer (also referred to as a PDCP entity) , and an entity for a service data application protocol (SDAP) layer (also referred to as a SDAP entity, which is established in 5G and higher-generation networks) .
[0053] FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic diagram 100C illustrating network protocol layer entities that may be established for CP protocol stack at devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience, the following description is given by taking the network device 120 as an example of a network device.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 1C, in the CP, each of the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 may comprise an entity for the L1 layer, i.e., an entity for a PHY layer (also referred to as a PHY entity) , and one or more entities for upper layers (L2 and L3 layers) including an entity for a MAC layer (also referred to as a MAC entity) , an entity for a RLC layer (also referred to as a RLC entity) , an entity for a PDCP layer (also referred to as a PDCP entity) , and an entity for an RRC layer (also referred to as an RRC entity) . The RRC layer may be also referred to as an access stratum (AS) layer, and thus the RRC entity may be also referred to as an AS entity. As shown in FIG. 1C, the terminal device 110 may also comprise an entity for a non-access stratum (NAS) layer (also referred to as a NAS entity) . An NAS layer at the network side is not located in a network device and is located in CN.
[0055] In the context of the present disclosure, L1 refers to the PHY layer, L2 refers to the MAC or RLC or PDCP or SDAP layer, and L3 refers to the RRC layer. In the context of the present disclosure, L1 or L2 may also be collectively referred to as a lower-layer, and L3 may also be referred to as a higher-layer. Accordingly, L1 or L2 signaling may be also referred to as a lower-layer signaling, and L3 signaling may be also referred to as a higher-layer signaling.
[0056] Returning to FIG. 1A, a CU (e.g., the CU 121) may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of RRC, SDAP and PDCP entities, and a DU (e.g., the DU 122 or 123 may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of the RLC entity, the MAC entity and the PHY entity. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in the same device. In some embodiments, different DUs may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, different CUs are implemented in separate devices.
[0057] In the context of the present disclosure, a CU (also referred to as a gNB-CU herein) is a logic node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of a gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of an en-gNB that controls operation of one or more DUs (also referred to as gNB-DUs herein) . The gNB-CU terminates a F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU. A DU is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates a F1 interface connected with the gNB-CU.
[0058] Generally, communication channels are classified into logical channels, transmission channels and physical channels. The physical channels are channels that the PHY layer actually transmits information. For example, the physical channels may comprise a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , a physical random-access channel (PRACH) , a PDCCH, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) .
[0059] The transmission channels are channels between the PHY layer and the MAC layer. For example, transmission channels may comprise a broadcast channel (BCH) , a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) , a paging channel (PCH) , an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) and a random access channel (RACH) .
[0060] The logical channels are channels between the MAC layer and the RLC layer. For example, the logical channels may comprise a dedicated control channel (DCCH) , a common control channel (CCCH) , a paging control channel (PCCH) , broadcast control channel (BCCH) and dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) .
[0061] Generally, channels between the RRC layer and PDCP layer are called as radio bearers (RBs) . The terminal device 110 may be configured with at least one data radio bearer (DRB) for bearing data plane data and at least one signaling radio bearer (SRB) for bearing control plane data. Four types of SRBs may be defined in a RRC layer, i.e., SRB0, SRB1, SRB2 and SRB3. SRB0 uses a CCCH for RRC connection establishment or re-establishment. SRB1 uses a DCCH and is established when RRC connection is established. SRB2 uses a DCCH and is established during RRC reconfiguration and after initial security activation. SRB3 uses a DCCH and is established between the terminal device 110 and SN when a dual connection is established.
[0062] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1A, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be located within the coverage of the cell 123-1, and the terminal device 110 may communicate with the DU 123 of the network device 120 based on a network configuration. In this case, the cell 123-1 may be referred to as a serving cell of the terminal device 110. The cells 122-1, 131 and 132 may be referred to as candidate cells of the terminal device 110.
[0063] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may establish a dual connection (i.e., simultaneous connection) with the network device 120 and the network device 130. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may serve as a master node (MN) . In these embodiments, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the network device 120 via a set of serving cells. The set of serving cells form an MCG, and a primary cell in the MCG is called as PCell. In some scenarios, the PCell may be changed from the cell 123-1 to the cell 131. This is called as a handover (HO) . In some embodiments, the network device 120 may serve as a secondary node (SN) . In these embodiments, the set of serving cells provided by the network device 120 form an SCG, and a primary cell in the SCG is called as PSCell. In some scenarios, the PSCell may be changed from the cell 123-1 to the cell 131. This is called as a PSCell change.
[0064] In some scenarios, the network device 120 may receive L1 measurement reports from the terminal device 110. Based on the L1 measurement reports, the network device 120 may change a serving cell of the terminal device 110 through a MAC CE. This procedure is called as LTM. The network device 120 may prepare one or multiple candidate cells and provides candidate cell configurations to the terminal device 110 through an RRC message. Then an LTM cell switch is triggered by selecting one of the candidate cell configurations as a target configuration for the LTM by the network device 120.
[0065] FIG. 1D illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a process 100D of LTM in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. For the purpose of discussion, the process 100D will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 100D may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. The network device 120 may be an MN or SN serving the terminal device 110. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110, and another network device (e.g., the network device 130) provides a target candidate cell for the terminal device 110.
[0066] As shown in FIG. 1D, at an LTM preparation stage, the terminal device 110 may send 140 a measurement report message to the network device 120. The network device 120 may decide 141 to use LTM and initiates LTM candidate preparation. The network device 120 may transmit 142 an RRC reconfiguration message to the terminal device 110 comprising a configuration (also referred to as an LTM configuration or an LTM candidate configuration herein) of one or multiple LTM candidate target cells. The terminal device 110 may store the configuration of LTM candidate target cell (s) and transmit 143 a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the network device 120.
[0067] At an early synchronization (i.e., early sync) stage, the terminal device 110 may perform 144 downlink (DL) synchronization with candidate cell (s) before receiving s cell switch command. The terminal device 110 may perform 145 early TA acquisition with candidate cell (s) requested by the network device 120 before receiving the cell switch command (i.e., perform uplink (UL) synchronization with candidate cell (s) ) . This may be done via contention free random access (CFRA) triggered by a PDCCH order from a source cell, following which the terminal device 110 sends a preamble towards the indicated candidate cell. In order to minimize data interruption of the source cell due to CFRA towards the candidate cell (s) , the terminal device 110 does not receive a random access response (RAR) for the purpose of TA value acquisition and the TA value of the candidate cell is indicated in the cell switch command. The terminal device 110 does not maintain a TA timer for the candidate cell and relies on network implementation to guarantee TA validity.
[0068] At an LTM execution stage, the terminal device 110 may perform L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate target cell (s) , and transmits 146 lower-layer measurement reports to the network device 120. L1 measurements may be performed as long as apply the RRC reconfiguration in step 142. The network device 120 may decide 147 to execute LTM cell switch to a target cell, and transmits 148 a MAC CE triggering LTM cell switch by including a candidate configuration index of the target cell. The terminal device 110 may switch 149 to the target cell and apply a configuration indicated by the candidate configuration index. The terminal device 110 may perform 150 an RA procedure towards the target cell if the terminal device 110 does not have valid TA of the target cell.
[0069] At an LTM completion stage, the terminal device 110 may complete 151 the LTM cell switch procedure by sending an RRC reconfiguration complete message to the target cell. If the terminal device 110 has performed the RA procedure in step 150, the terminal device 110 may consider that LTM execution is successfully completed when the RA procedure is successfully completed. For RACH-less LTM, the terminal device 110 may consider that LTM execution is successfully completed when the terminal device 110 determines that the network device 120 has successfully received the first UL data from the terminal device 110.
[0070] Steps 144 to 151 can be performed multiple times for subsequent LTM cell switch using the LTM candidate cell configuration (s) provided in the step 142.
[0071] Returning to FIG. 1A, in some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may receive a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from the cell 123-1 to the cell 122-1 under control of the same CU 121. This procedure of the cell switch is called as an intra-CU LTM herein. In some scenarios, the network device 120 may serve as an MN in a dual connection. In this case, this procedure of the cell switch is also called as an intra-MN LTM herein. In some scenarios, the network device 120 may serve as an SN in a dual connection. In this case, this procedure of the cell switch is also called as an intra-SN LTM herein.
[0072] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1A, in some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may receive a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from the cell 123-1 under control of the CU 121 to the cell 131. The cell 131 is not under control of the CU 121 or is under control of another CU. This procedure of the cell switch is called as an inter-CU LTM herein. In some scenarios, the network device 120 may serve as an MN in a dual connection. In this case, this procedure of the cell switch is also called as an inter-MN LTM herein. In some scenarios, the network device 120 may serve as an SN in a dual connection. In this case, this procedure of the cell switch is also called as an inter-SN LTM herein.
[0073] In conventional HO procedure, a configuration of security key update is indicated to a terminal device in a HO command. For intra-MN LTM, a security key is not updated since a PDCP anchor is not changed. For inter-CU LTM, a security key needs be updated for safety requirement. However, due to supporting of subsequent LTM, it is impossible to configure security key update information in an RRC message. How to perform security key update for inter-CU LTM is unclear.
[0074] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of communication for security key update during inter-CU LTM. In the solution, security key update information is included in an LTM cell switch command. In this way, a terminal device may update security keys during inter-CU LTM. More details will be described with reference to FIGs. 2 to 5 below.
[0075] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF SECURITY KEY UPDATE
[0076] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a process 200 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 200 may involve the terminal device 110, the DU 123 and the CU 121 of the network device 120, and the network device 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this example, the DU 123 of the network device 120 provides a serving cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides a target candidate cell (also referred to as a candidate cell hereinafter) (e.g., the cell 131) for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0077] As shown in FIG. 2, the CU 121 may transmit 210, to the DU 123, information (for convenience, also referred to as security key update information herein) of an update of a security key for a cell switch (for convenience, also referred to as an LTM cell switch herein) from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM.
[0078] In some embodiments, the security key update information may comprise an indicator (e.g., a key set change indicator) indicating whether a key set is changed.
[0079] In some embodiments, the security key update information may comprise a value of a next hop chaining count (NCC) . In some embodiments, the value of the NCC may be a value associated with a NCC value configured in an RRC signaling.
[0080] In some embodiments, the security key update information may comprise a value of a security key counter (e.g., sk-counter or SN counter) . It is to be understood that any combination of the above information may also be feasible.
[0081] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, upon determination that an LTM cell switch from the cell 123-1 to the cell 131 is to be performed for the terminal device 110, the DU 123 may transmit 220, to the terminal device 110, a MAC CE indicating the LTM cell switch to the cell 131. The security key update information received from the CU 121 is included in the MAC CE. The MAC CE may also include target configuration identity (ID) , timing advance command, transmission configuration indication (TCI) state ID, UL TCI state ID and CFRA configurations.
[0082] With reference to FIG. 2, upon reception of the MAC CE, the terminal device 110 may determine 230 whether the MAC CE includes the security key update information. If the MAC CE comprises the security key update information, the terminal device 110 may derive or update 240 a security key based on the security key update information in the MAC CE during LTM cell switch execution.
[0083] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may indicate the security key update information from a MAC layer to an upper layer of the terminal device 110, and derive or update the security key by the upper layer based on the security key update information. In other words, upon reception of the LTM cell switch command MAC CE, the MAC layer of the terminal device 110 indicates the security key update information to the upper layer (e.g., RRC layer) of the terminal device 110. The RRC layer of the terminal device 110 derives or updates the security key based on the security key update information received from lower layer (e.g., MAC layer) .
[0084] In some embodiments, if the received indicator (e.g., key set change indicator) indicating that the key set is changed, the terminal device 110 may derive or update a master key based on a key (e.g., KAMF) for access and mobility management function (AMF) .
[0085] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may derive or update the master key (i.e., KgNB) at least based on the value of the NCC. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may use the received NCC value to derive or update the master key based on the current master key or a key NH (derived by mobile equipment (ME) and AMF to provide forward security) .
[0086] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may derive or update a secondary key (i.e., S-KgNB) based on the master key and the value of the received security key counter.
[0087] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, if the MAC CE comprises the security key update information, the terminal device 110 may perform 250 a set of L2 procedures. In some embodiments, the set of L2 procedures may comprise at least one of the following: configuring a PDCP entity of at least one DRB or SRB to apply a ciphering algorithm and a key for ciphering; configuring the PDCP entity of the at least one DRB or SRB to apply an integrity protection algorithm and a key for integrity protection; re-establishing the PDCP entity of the at least one DRB; re-establishing the PDCP entity of the at least one SRB; or re-establishing an RLC entity of at least one radio bearer (e.g., SRB or DRB) .
[0088] In some embodiments for configuring the PDCP entity of the at least one DRB or SRB to apply the ciphering algorithm and the key for ciphering, for DRB, if the PDCP entity of the DRB is not configured with ciphering disabled, the terminal device 110 may configure the PDCP entity with the ciphering algorithm and a key for ciphering of user data associated with the master key or secondary key as indicated in keytoUse, i.e., the ciphering configuration shall be applied to all subsequent PDCP PDUs received and sent by the UE. In some embodiments, for SRB, the terminal device 110 may configure the PDCP entity to apply the ciphering algorithm and a key for ciphering of RRC signaling associated with master key or secondary key, i.e., the ciphering configuration shall be applied to all subsequent messages received and sent by the terminal device 110, including a message used to indicate a successful completion of the procedure.
[0089] In some embodiments for configuring the PDCP entity of the at least one DRB or SRB to apply an integrity protection algorithm and a key for integrity protection, for DRB, if the PDCP entity of this DRB is configured with integrity protection, the terminal device 110 may configure the PDCP entity with the integrity protection algorithms according to a security configuration (e.g., securityConfig) and apply the key for integrity protection of user data associated with the master key or secondary key as indicated in keytoUse. In some embodiments, for SRB, the terminal device 110 may configure the PDCP entity to apply the integrity protection algorithm and the key for integrity protection of RRC signaling associated with master key or secondary key, i.e., the integrity protection configuration shall be applied to all subsequent messages received and sent by the terminal device 110, including a message used to indicate a successful completion of the procedure.
[0090] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, if the security key update information is not included in LTM cell switch command MAC CE, the terminal device 110 may perform 260 corresponding one or more operations.
[0091] In some embodiments, if the security key update information is not included in LTM cell switch command MAC CE, the terminal device 110 may not derive or update the security key, e.g., may not derive or update the master key or secondary key.
[0092] In some embodiments, if the security key update information is not included in LTM cell switch command MAC CE, the terminal device 110 may trigger a PDCP entity of at least one SRB to perform a service data unit (SDU) discard.
[0093] In some embodiments, if the security key update information is not included in LTM cell switch command MAC CE, the terminal device 110 may determine whether an L2 reset procedure is to be performed based on an identity (ID) value of the serving cell and an ID value of the candidate cell. In some embodiments, if the ID values of the serving cell and the candidate cell are the same, the terminal device 110 may determine that the L2 reset procedure is not to be performed. In some embodiments, if the ID values of the serving cell and the candidate cell are different, the terminal device 110 may determine that the L2 reset procedure is to be performed. In some embodiments, the L2 reset procedure may comprise at least one of the following: triggering the PDCP entity of at least one DRB to perform data recovery; or re-establishing an RLC entity of at least one radio bearer.
[0094] So far, security key update behaviors at a terminal device side are described in details. The following description is mainly made on security key update behaviors at a network side (e.g., the DU 123 and the CU 121) in connection with FIGs. 3 to 5.
[0095] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating another process 300 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 300 may involve the terminal device 110, the DU 123 and the CU 121 of the network device 120, and the network device 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this example, the DU 123 of the network device 120 provides a serving cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides a target candidate cell (also referred to as a candidate cell hereinafter) (e.g., the cell 131) for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0096] As shown in FIG. 3, the DU 123 may decide 310 to execute LTM cell switch to a candidate cell (e.g., the cell 131) . In this case, the DU 123 may transmit 320 information of the candidate cell to the CU 121. In some embodiments, the DU 123 may transmit the information of the candidate cell by an F1 message. For example, the F1 message may be a UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUIRED message. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways are also feasible.
[0097] In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise an ID of the candidate cell, e.g., cell global ID (CGI) or any other suitable forms. In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise an ID of an LTM configuration associated with the candidate cell. It is to be understood that any other suitable information is also feasible.
[0098] Based on the information of the candidate cell, the CU 121 may transmit 330, to the DU 123, security key update information for the LTM cell switch. In some embodiments, the CU 121 may transmit the security key update information by an F1 message. For example, the F1 message may be a UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION CONFIRM message. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways are also feasible.
[0099] In some embodiments, the security key update information may comprise at least one of an indicator (e.g., a key set change indicator) indicating whether a key set is changed, a value of a NCC, or a value of a security key counter (e.g., sk-counter or SN counter) . Other details of the security key update information are similar to that described in step 210 of FIG. 2, and thus are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0100] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the DU 123 may generate and transmit 340, to the terminal device 110, a MAC CE indicating the LTM cell switch to the candidate cell. The security key update information received from the CU 121 is included in the MAC CE. The MAC CE may also include target configuration ID, timing advance command, TCI state ID, UL TCI state ID and CFRA configurations.
[0101] With reference to FIG. 3, the CU 121 may transmit 350, to the network device 130 providing the candidate cell (i.e., the cell 131) , the information of the candidate cell and the security key associated with the candidate cell. In other words, a source CU may transmit, to a target CU, information of LTM target cell and a security key to be used for the LTM cell switch. In some embodiments, the CU 121 may transmit the information of the candidate cell and the security key by an Xn message. For example, the Xn message may be a HANDOVER REQUEST message or a HANDOVER SUCCESS message. For example, the Xn message may be an SN MODIFCATION REQUEST message. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways are also feasible.
[0102] In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise an ID of the candidate cell, e.g., cell global ID (CGI) or any other suitable forms. In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise an ID of an LTM configuration associated with the candidate cell. It is to be understood that any other suitable information is also feasible. In some embodiments, the security key may also be referred to as an intermediate key KNG-RAN*.
[0103] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, upon reception of the MAC CE, the terminal device 110 may derive or update 360 a security key during LTM cell switch. Operations of step 360 are similar to that of steps 230 to 260 in FIG. 2, and thus are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0104] In some embodiments, the LTM cell switch may be an inter-MN cell switch or inter-gNB PCell switch. In this case, the DU 123 and the CU 121 (i.e., gNB-DU and gNB-CU) are source gNB devices, and the network device 130 (i.e., target gNB (CU) ) is a target gNB device.
[0105] In some embodiments, the LTM cell switch may be an inter-SN PSCell switch. In this case, the DU 123 and the CU 121 (i.e., gNB-DU and gNB-CU) are MN devices, and the network device 130 (i.e., target gNB (CU) ) is a target SN.
[0106] It is to be understood that there is no restriction on the order of the steps 330 to 350 in the process 300, and any suitable order may be feasible.
[0107] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating another process 400 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 400 may involve the terminal device 110, the DU 123 and the CU 121 of the network device 120, and the network device 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this example, the DU 123 of the network device 120 provides a serving cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides a target candidate cell (also referred to as a candidate cell hereinafter) (e.g., the cell 131) for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0108] As shown in FIG. 4, the terminal device 110 may access 410 to the network device 120, e.g., via the cell 123-1 of the DU 123. In this case, the DU 123 may transmit 420, to the CU 121, an indication of the accessing of the terminal device 110. In other words, gNB-DU inform gNB-CU of an access or switch to a serving cell (e.g., PCell or PSCell) .
[0109] Based on the indication of the accessing of the terminal device 110, the CU 121 may transmit 430, the DU 123, security key update information for LTM cell switch. In some embodiments, the CU 121 may transmit the security key update information by an F1 message. For example, the F1 message may be a UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUEST message. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways are also feasible.
[0110] In some embodiments, the security key update information may comprise at least one of an indicator (e.g., a key set change indicator) indicating whether a key set is changed, a value of a NCC, or a value of a security key counter (e.g., sk-counter or SN counter) . Other details of the security key update information are similar to that described in step 210 of FIG. 2, and thus are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0111] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, the CU 121 may transmit 440 a set of security keys associated with a set of candidate cells allowing LTM to a set of network devices providing the set of candidate cells (e.g., one or more candidate CUs) . In other words, source gNB-CU transmits, to a set of LTM candidate gNB-CUs, a security key to be used for each of a list of LTM candidate cells. In some embodiments, the CU 121 may transmit the security key by an Xn message. For example, the Xn message may be a HANDOVER REQUEST message. For another example, the Xn message may be a SN MODIFICATION REQURST message. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways are also feasible. In some embodiments, the security key may also be referred to as an intermediate key KNG-RAN*.
[0112] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, the terminal device 110 may transmit 450 an L1 measurement report to the DU 123. The DU 123 may decide 460 to execute LTM cell switch to a candidate cell (e.g., the cell 131) . In this case, the DU 123 may generate and transmit 470, to the terminal device 110, a MAC CE indicating the LTM cell switch to the candidate cell. The security key update information received from the CU 121 is included in the MAC CE. The MAC CE may also include target configuration ID, timing advance command, TCI state ID, UL TCI state ID and CFRA configurations.
[0113] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, upon reception of the MAC CE, the terminal device 110 may derive or update 480 a security key during LTM cell switch. Operations of step 480 are similar to that of steps 230 to 260 in FIG. 2, and thus are not repeated here for conciseness. With the updated security key, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the candidate cell (i.e., target candidate cell) .
[0114] In some embodiments, the LTM cell switch may be an inter-MN cell switch or inter-gNB PCell switch. In this case, the DU 123 and the CU 121 (i.e., gNB-DU and gNB-CU) are source gNB devices, and LTM candidate gNB (CU) ) is an LTM candidate gNB device.
[0115] In some embodiments, the LTM cell switch may be an inter-SN PSCell switch. In this case, the DU 123 and the CU 121 (i.e., gNB-DU and gNB-CU) are MN devices, and LTM candidate gNB (CU) ) is an LTM candidate SN.
[0116] It is to be understood that there is no restriction on the order of the steps 430 to 440 in the process 400, and any suitable order may be feasible.
[0117] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating another process 500 of communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. The process 500 may involve the terminal device 110, the DU 123 and the CU 121 of the network device 120, and the network device 130 as illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this example, the DU 123 of the network device 120 provides a serving cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) for the terminal device 110, and the network device 130 provides a target candidate cell (also referred to as a candidate cell hereinafter) (e.g., the cell 131) for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0118] As shown in FIG. 5, the terminal device 110 may access 510 to the network device 120, e.g., via the cell 123-1 of the DU 123. In this case, the DU 123 may transmit 520, to the CU 121, an indication of the accessing of the terminal device 110. In other words, gNB-DU inform gNB-CU of an access or switch to a serving cell (e.g., PCell or PSCell) .
[0119] Based on the indication of the accessing of the terminal device 110, the CU 121 may transmit 530, the DU 123, security key update information for LTM cell switch. In some embodiments, the CU 121 may transmit the security key update information by an F1 message. For example, the F1 message may be a UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUEST message. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways are also feasible.
[0120] In some embodiments, the security key update information may comprise at least one of an indicator (e.g., a key set change indicator) indicating whether a key set is changed, a value of a NCC, or a value of a security key counter (e.g., sk-counter or SN counter) . Other details of the security key update information are similar to that described in step 210 of FIG. 2, and thus are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0121] Continuing to refer to FIG. 5, the terminal device 110 may transmit 540 an L1 measurement report to the DU 123. The DU 123 may decide 550 to execute LTM cell switch to a candidate cell (e.g., the cell 131) . In this case, the DU 123 may generate and transmit 560, to the terminal device 110, a MAC CE indicating the LTM cell switch to the candidate cell. The security key update information received from the CU 121 is included in the MAC CE. The MAC CE may also include target configuration ID, timing advance command, TCI state ID, UL TCI state ID and CFRA configurations.
[0122] The DU 123 may transmit 570 information of the candidate cell to the CU 121. In some embodiments, the DU 123 may transmit the information of the candidate cell by an F1 message. For example, the F1 message may be a UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUIRED message. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways are also feasible.
[0123] In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise an ID of the candidate cell, e.g., CGI or any other suitable forms. In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise an ID of an LTM configuration associated with the candidate cell. It is to be understood that any other suitable information is also feasible.
[0124] Based on the information of the candidate cell, the CU 121 may transmit 580, to the network device 130 providing the candidate cell (i.e., the cell 131) , the information of the candidate cell and the security key associated with the candidate cell. In other words, a source CU may transmit, to a target CU, information of LTM target cell and a security key to be used for the LTM cell switch. In some embodiments, the CU 121 may transmit the information of the candidate cell and the security key by an Xn message. For example, the Xn message may be a HANDOVER REQUEST message or a HANDOVER SUCCESS message. For another example, the Xn message may be an SN MODIFICATION REQUEST message. It is to be understood that any other suitable ways are also feasible. With the security key, the candidate cell (i.e., target candidate cell) may communicate with the terminal device 110.
[0125] In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise an ID of the candidate cell, e.g., CGI or any other suitable forms. In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise an ID of an LTM configuration associated with the candidate cell. It is to be understood that any other suitable information is also feasible. In some embodiments, the security key may also be referred to as an intermediate key KNG-RAN*.
[0126] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, upon reception of the MAC CE, the terminal device 110 may derive or update 590 a security key during LTM cell switch. Operations of step 590 are similar to that of steps 230 to 260 in FIG. 2, and thus are not repeated here for conciseness. With the updated security key, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the candidate cell (i.e., target candidate cell) .
[0127] In some embodiments, the LTM cell switch may be an inter-MN cell switch or inter-gNB PCell switch. In this case, the DU 123 and the CU 121 (i.e., gNB-DU and gNB-CU) are source gNB devices, and the network device 130 (i.e., target gNB (CU) ) is a target gNB device.
[0128] In some embodiments, the LTM cell switch may be an inter-SN PSCell switch. In this case, the DU 123 and the CU 121 (i.e., gNB-DU and gNB-CU) are MN devices, and the network device 130 (i.e., target gNB (CU) ) is a target SN.
[0129] It is to be understood that there is no restriction on the order of the steps 550 to 580 in the process 500, and any suitable order may be feasible.
[0130] With any of the processes 200 to 500, security key update during inter-CU LTM may be carried out and enhancement on inter-CU LTM may be achieved. It is to be understood that operations of the processes 200 to 500 described in connection with FIGs. 2 to 5 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combination.
[0131] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0132] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device and at a DU and a CU of a network device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 6 to 8.
[0133] FIG. 6 illustrates an example method 600 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 600 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1A. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 600 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0134] At block 610, the terminal device 110 receives, from a DU (e.g., the DU 123) of the network device 120, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell.
[0135] At block 620, the terminal device 110 determines that the MAC CE comprises information of an update of a security key. In some embodiments, the information of the update of the security key may comprise at least one of the following: an indicator indicating whether a key set is changed, a value of a NCC, or a value of a security key counter.
[0136] At block 630, the terminal device 110 updates the security key based on the information of the update of the security key. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may indicate the information from a MAC layer to an upper layer of the terminal device 110, and update the security key by the upper layer based on the information of the update of the security key.
[0137] In some embodiments, if the indicator indicating that the key set is changed, the terminal device 110 may update a master key based on a key for AMF. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may update the master key at least based on the value of the NCC. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may update a secondary key based on the master key and the value of the security key counter.
[0138] In some embodiments, if the MAC CE comprises the information of the update of the security key, the terminal device 110 may perform a procedure comprising at least one of the following: configuring a PDCP entity of at least one DRB or SRB to apply a ciphering algorithm and a key for ciphering; configuring the PDCP entity of the at least one DRB or SRB to apply an integrity protection algorithm and a key for integrity protection; re-establishing the PDCP entity of the at least one DRB; re-establishing the PDCP entity of the at least one SRB; or re-establishing an RLC entity of at least one radio bearer.
[0139] In some embodiments, if the MAC CE does not comprise the information of the update of the security key, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: performing no update of the security key; triggering a PDCP entity of at least one SRB to perform a SDU discard; or determining whether an L2 reset procedure is to be performed based on an ID value of the serving cell and an ID value of the candidate cell.
[0140] In some embodiments, the L2 reset procedure may comprise at least one of the following: triggering the PDCP entity of at least one DRB to perform data recovery; or re-establishing an RLC entity of at least one radio bearer.
[0141] With the method 600, security key update at a terminal device side may be achieved.
[0142] FIG. 7 illustrates an example method 700 of communication implemented at a DU of a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the DU 122 or 123 as shown in FIG. 1A. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 600 will be described with reference to the DU 123 of FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 600 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0143] At block 710, the DU 123 of the network device 120 receives, from the CU 121 of the network device 120, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM. In some embodiments, the information of the update of the security key may comprise at least one of the following: an indicator indicating whether a key set is changed, a value of a NCC, or a value of a security key counter.
[0144] In some embodiments, if the cell switch to the candidate cell is to be performed, the DU 123 may transmit, to the CU 121, information of the candidate cell. Then the DU 123 may receive, from the CU 121, the information of the update of the security key.
[0145] In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise at least one of the following: an identity of the candidate cell, or an identity of an LTM configuration associated with the candidate cell.
[0146] In some embodiments, if the terminal device 110 accesses to the serving cell, the DU 123 may transmit, to the CU 121, an indication of the accessing. Then the DU 123 may receive, from the CU 121, the information of the update of the security key.
[0147] At block 720, the DU 123 determines that the cell switch to the candidate cell is to be performed.
[0148] At block 730, the DU 123 transmits, to the terminal device 110, a MAC CE indicating the cell switch to the candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the information of the update of the security key.
[0149] With the method 700, security key update at a DU side may be achieved.
[0150] FIG. 8 illustrates an example method 800 of communication implemented at a CU of a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 800 may be performed at the CU 121 as shown in FIG. 1A. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 800 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the method 800 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0151] At block 810, the CU 121 of the network device 120 transmits, to a DU (e.g., the DU 123) of the network device 120, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM. In some embodiments, the information of the update of the security key may comprise at least one of the following: an indicator indicating whether a key set is changed, a value of a NCC, or a value of a security key counter.
[0152] In some embodiments, the CU 121 may receive, from the DU 123, information of the candidate cell (e.g., the cell 131) . Then the CU 121 may transmit, to the DU 123, the information of the update of the security key. In some embodiments, the information of the candidate cell may comprise at least one of the following: an identity of the candidate cell, or an identity of an LTM configuration associated with the candidate cell. In some embodiments, the CU 121 may transmit, to a further network device (e.g., the network device 130) providing the candidate cell, the information of the candidate cell and the security key associated with the candidate cell.
[0153] In some embodiments, the CU 121 may receive, from the DU 123, an indication that the terminal device 110 accesses the serving cell (e.g., the cell 123-1) . Then the CU 121 may transmit, to the DU 123, the information of the update of the security key. In some embodiments, the CU 121 may transmit a set of security keys associated with a set of candidate cells allowing LTM to a set of network devices providing the set of candidate cells.
[0154] With the method 800, security key update at a CU side may be achieved.
[0155] It is to be understood that the operations of methods 600 to 800 correspond to that described in connection with FIGs. 2 to 5, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0156] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0157] FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a device 900 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 900 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or a DU or CU of the network device 120 or 130 as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 900 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or a DU or CU of the network device 120 or 130.
[0158] As shown, the device 900 includes a processor 910, a memory 920 coupled to the processor 910, a suitable transceiver 940 coupled to the processor 910, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 940. The memory 910 stores at least a part of a program 930. The transceiver 940 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 940 may include at least one of a transmitter 942 or a receiver 944. The transmitter 942 and the receiver 944 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 940 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0159] The program 930 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 910, enable the device 900 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 8. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 910 of the device 900, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 910 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 910 and memory 920 may form processing means 950 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0160] The memory 920 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 920 is shown in the device 900, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 900. The processor 910 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 900 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0161] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a DU of a network device, a MAC CE indicating a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell; and in accordance with a determination that the MAC CE comprises information of an update of a security key, update the security key based on the information of the update of the security key.
[0162] In some embodiments, a DU of a network device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a CU of the network device, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM; and in accordance with a determination that the cell switch to the candidate cell is to be performed, transmit, to a terminal device, a MAC CE indicating the cell switch to the candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the information of the update of the security key.
[0163] In some embodiments, a CU of a network device comprises a circuitry configured to:transmit, to a DU of the network device, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing LTM.
[0164] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0165] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0166] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 8. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0167] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0168] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0169] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0170] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a distributed unit (DU) of a network device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell; andin accordance with a determination that the MAC CE comprises information of an update of a security key, update the security key based on the information of the update of the security key.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the information of the update of the security key comprises at least one of the following:an indicator indicating whether a key set is changed,a value of a next hop chaining count, ora value of a security key counter.3.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein the terminal device is caused to update the security key by at least one of the following:in accordance with a determination that the indicator indicating that the key set is changed, updating a master key based on a key for access and mobility management function (AMF) ;updating the master key at least based on the value of the next hop chaining count; orupdating a secondary key based on the master key and the value of the security key counter.4.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to update the security key by:indicating the information from a medium access control (MAC) layer to an upper layer of the terminal device; andupdating the security key by the upper layer based on the information of the update of the security key.5.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the MAC CE comprises the information of the update of the security key, perform a procedure comprising at least one of the following:configuring a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity of at least one data radio bearer (DRB) or signaling radio bearer (SRB) to apply a ciphering algorithm and a key for ciphering;configuring the PDCP entity of the at least one DRB or SRB to apply an integrity protection algorithm and a key for integrity protection;re-establishing the PDCP entity of the at least one DRB;re-establishing the PDCP entity of the at least one SRB; orre-establishing a radio link control (RLC) entity of at least one radio bearer.6.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the MAC CE comprises no information of the update of the security key, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:performing no update of the security key;triggering a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity of at least one signaling radio bearer (SRB) to perform a service data unit (SDU) discard; ordetermining whether a layer 2 (L2) reset procedure is to be performed based on an identity (ID) value of the serving cell and an ID value of the candidate cell.7.The terminal device of claim 6, wherein the L2 reset procedure comprises at least one of the following:triggering the PDCP entity of at least one data radio bearer (DRB) to perform data recovery; orre-establishing a radio link control (RLC) entity of at least one radio bearer.8.A distributed unit (DU) of a network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the DU to:receive, from a central unit (CU) of the network device, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) ; andin accordance with a determination that the cell switch to the candidate cell is to be performed, transmit, to a terminal device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating the cell switch to the candidate cell, the MAC CE comprising the information of the update of the security key.9.The DU of claim 8, wherein the information of the update of the security key comprises at least one of the following:an indicator indicating whether a key set is changed,a value of a next hop chaining count, ora value of a security key counter.10.The DU of claim 8, wherein the DU is caused to receive the information of the update of the security key by:in accordance with a determination that the cell switch to the candidate cell is to be performed, transmitting, to the CU, information of the candidate cell; andreceiving, from the CU, the information of the update of the security key.11.The DU of claim 10, wherein the information of the candidate cell comprises at least one of the following:an identity of the candidate cell, oran identity of an LTM configuration associated with the candidate cell.12.The DU of claim 8, wherein the DU is caused to receive the information of the update of the security key by:in accordance with a determination that the terminal device accesses to the serving cell, transmit, to the CU, an indication of the accessing; andreceiving, from the CU, the information of the update of the security key.13.A central unit (CU) of a network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the CU to:transmit, to a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, information of an update of a security key for a cell switch from a serving cell to a candidate cell allowing layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) .14.The CU of claim 13, wherein the information of the update of the security key comprises at least one of the following:an indicator indicating whether a key set is changed,a value of a next hop chaining count, ora value of a security key counter.15.The CU of claim 13, wherein the CU is caused to transmit the information of the update of the security key by:receiving, from the DU, information of the candidate cell; andtransmitting, to the DU, the information of the update of the security key.16.The CU of claim 15, wherein the information of the candidate cell comprises at least one of the following:an identity of the candidate cell, oran identity of an LTM configuration associated with the candidate cell.17.The CU of claim 15, wherein the CU is further caused to:transmit, to a further network device providing the candidate cell, the information of the candidate cell and the security key associated with the candidate cell.18.The CU of claim 13, wherein the CU is caused to transmit the information of the update of the set of security keys by:receiving, from the DU, an indication that a terminal device accesses the serving cell; andtransmitting, to the DU, the information of the update of the security key.19.The CU of claim 18, wherein the CU is further caused to:transmit a set of security keys associated with a set of candidate cells allowing LTM to a set of network devices providing the set of candidate cells.
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