Security for distributed nas
The introduction of a central or distributed key management function addresses the security challenges in a distributed NAS architecture by managing keys and security contexts for network entities, ensuring secure communication in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/122778
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-03
AI Technical Summary
The transition to a distributed NAS architecture in wireless communication systems complicates security management, as the removal of the AMF as a unifying entity necessitates maintaining separate security contexts with individual network entities.
Implementing a central key management function in the core network that allocates and manages different keys for various network entities, or using a key management function within each network entity, to establish and maintain secure connections between the UE and network entities.
This approach ensures secure communication in a distributed NAS environment by providing a centralized or decentralized key management system that effectively handles security contexts and key derivations for multiple network entities.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023122778_03042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SECURITY FOR DISTRIBUTED NASTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This application relates generally to wireless communication systems, including NAS security for a distributed NAS architecture.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a base station and a wireless communication device. Wireless communication system standards and protocols can include, for example, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) (e.g., 4G) , 3GPP New Radio (NR) (e.g., 5G) , and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) (commonly known to industry groups as ) .
[0003] As contemplated by the 3GPP, different wireless communication systems's tandards and protocols can use various radio access networks (RANs) for communicating between a base station of the RAN (which may also sometimes be referred to generally as a RAN node, a network node, or simply a node) and a wireless communication device known as a user equipment (UE) . 3GPP RANs can include, for example, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) RAN (GERAN) , Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) , Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , and / or Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) .
[0004] Each RAN may use one or more radio access technologies (RATs) to perform communication between the base station and the UE. For example, the GERAN implements GSM and / or EDGE RAT, the UTRAN implements Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) RAT or other 3GPP RAT, the E-UTRAN implements LTE RAT (sometimes simply referred to as LTE) , and NG-RAN implements NR RAT (sometimes referred to herein as 5G RAT, 5G NR RAT, or simply NR) . In certain deployments, the E-UTRAN may also implement NR RAT. In certain deployments, NG-RAN may also implement LTE RAT.
[0005] A base station used by a RAN may correspond to that RAN. One example of an E-UTRAN base station is an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node B (also commonly denoted as evolved Node B, enhanced Node B, eNodeB, or eNB) . One example of an NG-RAN base station is a next generation Node B (also sometimes referred to as a g Node B or gNB) .
[0006] A RAN provides its communication services with external entities through its connection to a core network (CN) . For example, E-UTRAN may utilize an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) while NG-RAN may utilize a 5G Core Network (5GC) .
[0007] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.
[0009] FIG. 1 depicts NAS transport of service management (SM) , SMS, UE Policy and location services (LCS) in 5G in accordance with some embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a protocol stack between the UE and the SMF in a centralized architecture in accordance with some embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates a NAS security design for a distributed NAS using a central key management function in the core network in accordance with some embodiments.
[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a signal flow diagram for a distributed NAS using a central key management function in the core network in accordance with some embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates a key hierarchy in a distributed NAS with a central key management function that provides different keys for the network entities in accordance with some embodiments.
[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a NAS security design for a distributed NAS using a central key management function that provides a same key to network entities in accordance with some embodiments.
[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates a NAS security design for a distributed NAS using a key management function in different network entities (e.g., AMF and SMF) in accordance with some embodiments.
[0016] FIG. 8 illustrates a signal flow diagram for a distributed NAS using a key management function in different network entities (e.g., AMF and SMF) in accordance with some embodiments.
[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates a key hierarchy for a distributed NAS using a key management function in different network entities (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, etc. ) in accordance with some embodiments.
[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates a NAS security design for a distributed NAS using a central key management function in communication with a network node in accordance with some embodiments.
[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates a NAS security design for a distributed NAS using a key management function in the network node in accordance with some embodiments.
[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates a signal radio bearer comprising a NAS security information field 1204.
[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates a security design where no NAS security is implemented in accordance with some embodiments
[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates an AKA procedure in accordance with some embodiments.
[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system, according to embodiments disclosed herein.
[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates a system for performing signaling between a wireless device and a network device, according to embodiments disclosed herein.
[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a method for operating a central key management function entity in accordance with some embodiments.
[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for operating a network entity in accordance with some embodiments.
[0027] FIG. 19 illustrates a method for operating a network entity in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] In a cellular network architecture, a User Equipment (UE) communicates with various network entities. In 5G systems, one component that facilitates this interaction is the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) . The AMF acts as a unified entity that coordinates and manages the UE's access and mobility-related functionalities with other network entities. When the UE connects to the network, it initiates the interaction with the AMF. The AMF authenticates the UE and establishes a secure session. It then takes charge of managing the UE's identity and security context within the network. Overall, in 5G systems the AMF acts as a central entity that brings together various network functions and enables the UE to interact with other network entities, ensuring efficient access and mobility management throughout the network.
[0029] However, updates to wireless communication systems may allow the UE the to have a direct connection with different entities such as the session management function (SMF) or the user plane function (UPF) . The intention of a direct connection between the UE and network entities is to make communication more efficient. The architecture associated with the UE maintaining direct connections to various network entities may be referred to as a distributed non-access stratum (NAS) connection.
[0030] While a distributed NAS connection allows more efficient communication between the UE and the various network entities, there are complications caused by removing the AMF as a unifying entity. One such complication involves security. Without the AMF as a unifying entity, there may be a need to maintain different security contexts with separate or individual network entities. Embodiments herein describe different security designs that may be implemented for a distributed NAS architecture.
[0031] Various embodiments are described with regard to a user equipment (UE) . However, reference to a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic component.
[0032] FIG. 1 depicts NAS transport 102 of service management (SM) , SMS, UE Policy and location services (LCS) in 5G in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, the NAS is a centralized architecture. That is, all NAS signaling from and to the UE 104 are anchored / terminated at AMF 106. Other core network entities communicate with UE 104 indirectly via AMF 106.
[0033] FIG. 2 illustrates a protocol stack 202 between the UE 204 and the SMF 206 in a centralized architecture in accordance with some embodiments. For NAS-SM, the NAS protocol for SM functionality may support user plane PDU session establishment, modification, and release. It may be transferred via the AMF 208, and transparent to the AMF 208.
[0034] New 6G capability requirements may be higher than 5G in many areas, including connection density, latency, new services, as well as security, privacy and resilience. To satisfy those requirements on performance (e.g. connection and latency) , distributed NAS is one option. That is, instead of a centralized architecture that uses AMF as a central entity, a UE may establish connections directly with various network entities.
[0035] Accordingly, the security mechanism should be updated as the NAS protocol design is changed to distributed architecture. With the distributed NAS architecture, security mode control may be done between UE and other network entities. Embodiments herein provide security for distributed NAS architecture.
[0036] In some embodiments, a new central key management function in the core network may be used. In some embodiments using the central key management function, different keys may be used for each network entity. For example, the AMF and SMF may have a different key. In some embodiments using the central key management function, a same key may be used for different network entity. For example, the AMF and SMF may have a same key.
[0037] In some embodiments, a key management function may be in every network entity. For example, an AMF and an SMF may both include a key management function.
[0038] In some embodiments, it may be assumed that the network node (e.g., gNB) handles the NAS key. The NAS security operation may be implemented in Radio Access Network (RAN) . In some embodiments, the NAS security part can be carried in a radio resource control (RRC) message.
[0039] In some embodiments, no NAS security may be used. Instead, the UE and network may rely on the security between the network node and the security. For example, a wireless communication system may use access security (AS) between the network node and the UE.
[0040] While embodiment herein are discussed with reference to an AMF and an SMF, the principles may be applied to other network entities. References to an AMF and an SMF are provided as an example.
[0041] Embodiments herein may assume certain things for the distribution NAS security design. For example, embodiments herein may assume that Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) is performed. AKA is performed separately and independently in 5G, assuming UE may be authenticated in an independent procedure. NAS security is the subsequent procedure after the successful AKA. After a successful AKA the UE and the network may have a shared key. Using the shared key, the UE can establish security context with different network elements.
[0042] Further, the NAS security function may be in a central key management function, a network entity, a network node (e.g., gNB) (representing 6G RAN) . Embodiments herein focus on the key management function design. The key management function is responsible for key derivation, key update, key storage and deletion. The Security Handling Function is responsible for message encryption and Integrity Protection.
[0043] Further the terms herein are not limited by changes to terminology in 6G. For example, the network node described herein may be a gNB or any other network node that for 6G RAN. The AMF stands for the 6G or any equivalent of an AMF or the 6G mobility management anchor. SMF and UPF in example embodiments herein only represents as the examples of core network entities, they can be replaced as NAS-X. Other network entities may use the same procurers discussed herein. Accordingly, embodiments herein provide NAS security designs on a NAS message for a NAS-X connection. The central key management function may operate as a new 6G network function (NF) , a NF Service, or a subset thereof (such as a microservice implementing part of a NF service) .
[0044] FIG. 3 illustrates a NAS security design 302 for a distributed NAS using a central key management function 304 in the core network in accordance with some embodiments. The central key management function 304 may operate as a new 6G network function, a network function service, or a subset thereof (e.g., a microservice implementing part of a network function service) . The central key management function 304 may allocate different keys to the different network entities. AMF 306, SMF 308, and other core network entities may be referred to as a network entity or network-side entity as they are entities of the core network.
[0045] For instance, in the illustrated embodiment, the central key management function 304 allocates different NAS keys for different network entities (e.g., the AMF 306 and the SMF 308) . In some embodiments, the central key management function 304 may allocate keys to the UE using the AKA procedure. Additionally, the central key management function 304 may allocate keys to the network entities (e.g., AMF 306, and SMF 308) . In some embodiments, an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) may derive a shared secret key (K_share) through the AKA procedure. The central key management function 304 may fetch the K_share from the AUSF.
[0046] The central key management function 304 may derive different NAS keys for different network entities based on K_share. For example, central key management function 304 may derive a key for the AMF 306 (Kamf) , a key for the SMF 308 (Ksmf) , a key for the UPF (Kupf) , etc. For instance, in the illustrated embodiment the central key management function 304 sends the AMF 306 an A-key, and the SMF 308 an S-key.
[0047] The network entities may derive end keys from the NAS keys from the central key management function 304. For instance, the AMF 306 may derive an encryption key (Kamf_enc) , and an integrity protection key (Kamf_int) . The Kamf_enc may be used to protect the confidentiality of NAS signaling messages with the AMF. This means that the Kamf_enc may be used to encrypt NAS signaling messages. The Kamf_int may be used to protect the integrity of NAS signaling messages with the AMF. This means that the Kamf_int may be used to ensure that NAS signaling messages have not been tampered with in transit.
[0048] Similarly, the SMF 308 and other network entities may also derive end keys (e.g., encryption keys and integrity protection keys) from the NAS keys. For instance, the SMF 308 may derive an encryption key (Ksmf_enc) , and an integrity protection key (Ksmf_int) . The Ksmf_enc may be used to protect the confidentiality of NAS signaling messages with the SMF. The Ksmf_int may be used to protect the integrity of NAS signaling messages with the SMF.
[0049] In some embodiments, the security handling function may be implemented in the network entity. For instance, the security operation for the SMF 308 may be implemented in the SMF 308. In some embodiments, the SMF keys may be stored in the NAS-SMF context. In some embodiments, the SMF keys may be stored in the central key management function 304. The SMF 308 can fetch those keys when the SMF 308 receives NAS messages from the UE. In some embodiments, the security operation may not be implemented in the SMF 308. For instances, the SMF 308 may have no encryption functionality. Instead it may send the messages to the central key management function 304 for encryption and decryption. Security operations for other network entities (e.g. UPF, AMF 306, etc. ) may also be handled as described with reference to the SMF example.
[0050] FIG. 4 illustrates a signal flow diagram 402 for a distributed NAS using a central key management function 304 in the core network in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, an example NAS connection procedure for an AMF 306 and an SMF 308 is described. However, the description also applies to key derivation and NAS connection procedures for other network entities such as a UPF.
[0051] As shown, in step 0, the UE 404 may perform 408 a successful AKA procedure with the network. The successful AKA procedure results in the UE 404 and the central key management function 304 having a shared key (K_share) .
[0052] The UE 404 may derive 410 UE keys based on K_share. In some embodiments, the UE 404 may derive 410 the different keys right after the successful AKA procedure. In some embodiments, the UE 404 may derive 410 the keys before it initiates each NAS connection (e.g., step 3-6 for the AMF 306, and steps 7-10 for the SMF 308) . In other words, the AKA procedure may trigger the UE 404 to derive 410 the keys, or a desire for a NAS connection with a network entity may trigger the UE 404 to derive 410 one or more keys for the network entity. Similarly, the central key management function 304 may derive 412 keys for network entities based on K_share.
[0053] The UE 404 may establish 414 an RRC connection with the RAN 406. The UE 404 may establish a NAS connection with different network entities. For example, steps 3-6 illustrate a NAS connection establishment with the AMF 306. As shown, the UE 404 may send 416 a NAS-AMF connection request to the AMF 306. The AMF 306 and the central key management function 304 may send 418 a key request and response respectively. The AMF 306 may request a key from the central key management function 304, and the central key management function 304 may send a response with the AMF key (Kamf) . The AMF 306 may derive 420 end-keys based on Kamf. The AMF 306 may send 422 the UE 404 a security protected NAS-AMF connection response.
[0054] Similarly, steps 7-10 illustrate a NAS connection establishment with the SMF 308. As shown, the UE 404 may send 424 a NAS-AMF connection request to the SMF 308. The SMF 308 and the central key management function 304 may send 426 a key request and response respectively. The SMF 308 may request a key from the central key management function 304, and the central key management function 304 may send a response with the SMF key (Ksmf) . The SMF 308 may derive 428 end-keys based on Ksmf. The SMF 308 may send 430 the UE 404 a security protected NAS-SMF connection response. The security protected NAS-SMF connection response may be a NAS message that has been encrypted and integrity protected using the end-keys.
[0055] In some embodiments, the key request and response between the network entities and the central key management function 304 as well as the network entity derivation of end-keys (e.g., Steps 4-5 and steps 8-9) may happen when UE 404 triggers the NAS connection (e.g., sends 416 the NAS-AMF connection request) . In some embodiments, the key request and response as well as the derivation of the end-keys could be triggered by central key management function 304. The end-keys may be the keys directly used as the input of algorithms for NAS encryption and integrity protection.
[0056] FIG. 5 illustrates a key hierarchy 502 in a distributed NAS with a central key management function that provides different keys for the network entities in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, it is assumed that this is a non-roaming case. In the AKA procedure the AUSF / unified data management (UDM) 504 may be responsible for authentication of the UE.
[0057] A key 506 in Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) may be pre-provisioned by an operator. K_share may be derived from the AKA provision. For example, a Key for Security Association Establishment Function (Kseaf) may be used to derive K_share 508.
[0058] After aka the AUSF will allocate the key to the central key management function 304. The central key management function 304 will use k_share to derive network entity keys 510 (e.g., Kamf, Ksmf, Knet, Kupf, etc) . The central key management function 304 may provide the keys to the network entities (e.g., AMF 306, SMF 308, UPF 512, NE-X 514, etc. ) . The network entities may use the network entity keys 510 to derive end-keys 516.
[0059] Using a central key management function 304 may result in several benefits. With one centralized entity managing all the key derivation and security context may provide a clean and simplified option, which is beneficial for the synchronization and future proof. For example, an algorithm update may be implemented to just the central key management function 304. However, the central key management function 304 does introduce a new network entity and new interfaces.
[0060] FIG. 6 illustrates a NAS security design 602 for a distributed NAS using a central key management function 604 that provides a same key to network entities in accordance with some embodiments. The central key management function 604 may operate as a new 6G network function, a network function service, or a subset thereof (e.g., a microservice implementing part of a network function service) . The central key management function 604 may allocate a same key to the different network entities.
[0061] For instance, in the illustrated embodiment, the central key management function 604 allocates a same NAS key (A-key) to the AMF 606 and the SMF 608. In some embodiments, the central key management function 604 may allocate keys to the UE using the AKA procedure. Additionally, the central key management function 604 may allocate keys to the network entities (e.g., AMF 606, and SMF 608) . In some embodiments, an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) may derive a shared secret key (k_share) through the AKA procedure. The central key management function 604 may fetch the k_share from the AUSF. The central key management function 604 may derive the NAS keys (e.g., A-key) for the network entities based on k_share. The network entities may derive end keys from the NAS keys from the central key management function 604.
[0062] In some embodiments, the security handling function may be implemented in the network entity. For instance, the security operation for the SMF 608 may be implemented in the SMF 608. In some embodiments, the SMF keys may be stored in the NAS-SMF context. In some embodiments, the SMF keys may be stored in the central key management function 604. The SMF 608 can fetch those keys when the SMF 608 receives NAS messages from the UE. In some embodiments, the security operation may not be implemented in the SMF 608. For instances, the SMF 608 may have no encryption functionality. Instead it may send the messages to the central key management function 604 for encryption and decryption. Security operations for other network entities (e.g. UPF, AMF 606, etc. ) may also be handled as described with reference to the SMF example.
[0063] Using the same key in the AMF 606 and other network entities may have some advantages. For example, the SMF 608 (or other network entities) can get the NAS key information from the AMF 606 or central key management function 604. However, using a common key for multiple NAS connections may not be as secure.
[0064] FIG. 7 illustrates a NAS security design 702 for a distributed NAS using a key management function (e.g., KMF 704a and KMF 704b) in different network entities (e.g., AMF 706 and SMF 708) in accordance with some embodiments. The key management function may be included in each network entity that will have a NAS connection with the UE 710. For example, the AMF 706, SMF 708, UPF, and other network entities may include a key management function. The key management function may found in each network entity of a core network that is capable of establishing a NAS connection with the UE 710.
[0065] The UE 710 may perform the AKA procedure with AUSF / UDM. A shared key (K-share) is derived after successful AKA between the UE 710 and the AUSF. The AUSF may derive network entity keys based on K_share, and allocate the network entity keys to network entities. Each network entity may derive the NAS keys (e.g., Kamf, Ksmf, etc. ) based on the same network entity keys (e.g., A-key) using the key management function. Each network entity can then derive the end-keys based on their NAS keys (network entity keys) .
[0066] FIG. 8 illustrates a signal flow diagram 802 for a distributed NAS using a key management function in different network entities (e.g., AMF 706 and SMF 708) in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, example a NAS connection procedure between a UE 804, and an AMF 706 and an SMF 708 is described. However, the description also applies to key derivation and NAS connection procedures for other network entities such as a UPF.
[0067] As shown, in step 0, the UE 404 and the AUSF 808 may perform 810 an AKA procedure. The successful AKA procedure results in the UE 804 and the AUSF 808 having a shared key (K_share) .
[0068] The UE 804 may derive 812 UE keys based on K_share. In some embodiments, the UE 804 may derive 812 the different keys right after the successful AKA procedure. In some embodiments, the UE 804 may derive 812 the keys before it initiates each NAS connection (e.g., step 3-6 for the AMF 706, and steps 7-10 for the SMF 708) . In other words, the AKA procedure may trigger the UE 804 to derive 812 the keys, or a desire for a NAS connection with a network entity may trigger the UE 804 to derive 812 one or more keys for the network entity. Similarly, the AUSF 808 may derive 814 network entity keys based on K_share.
[0069] The UE 804 may establish 816 an RRC connection with the RAN 806. The UE 804 may establish a NAS connection with different network entities. For example, steps 3-6 illustrate a NAS connection establishment with the AMF 706. As shown, the UE 804 may send 818 a NAS-AMF connection request to the AMF 706. The AMF 706 and the AUSF 808 may send 820 a key request and response respectively. The AMF 706 may request a key from the AUSF 808, and the AUSF 808 may send a response to the AMF 706 with the network entity keys. The AMF 706 may derive 822 end-keys based on the network entity keys. The AMF 706 may send 824 the UE 804 a security protected NAS-AMF connection response.
[0070] Similarly, steps 7-10 illustrate a NAS connection establishment with the SMF 708. As shown, the UE 804 may send 826 a NAS-AMF connection request to the SMF 708. The SMF 708 and the AUSF 808 may send 828 a key request and response respectively. The SMF 708 may request a key from the AUSF 808, and the AUSF 808 may send a response with the network entity keys. The SMF 708 may derive 830 end-keys based on the network entity keys. The SMF 708 may send 832 the UE 804 a security protected NAS-SMF connection response. The security protected NAS-SMF connection response may be a NAS message that has been encrypted and integrity protected using the end-keys.
[0071] In some embodiments, the key request and response between the network entities and the AUSF 808 as well as the network entity derivation of end-keys (e.g., Steps 4-5 and steps 8-9) may happen when UE 404 triggers the NAS connection (e.g., sends 416 the NAS-AMF connection request) . In some embodiments, the key request and response as well as the derivation of the end-keys could be triggered by the AUSF 808. The end-keys may be the keys directly used as the input of algorithms for NAS encryption and integrity protection.
[0072] FIG. 9 illustrates a key hierarchy 902 for a distributed NAS using a key management function in different network entities (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, etc. ) in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, it is assumed that this is a non-roaming case. In the AKA procedure the AUSF / UDM 904 may be responsible for authentication of the UE.
[0073] A key 906 in USIM may be pre-provisioned by an operator. K_share 908 may be derived from the AKA provision. For example, a Key for Security Association Establishment Function (Kseaf) may be used to derive K_share.
[0074] After aka the AUSF / UDM 904 may derive the network entity keys 910 (e.g., Kamf, Ksmf, Knet, Kupf, etc. ) . The AUSF / UDM 904 may provide the keys to the network entities (e.g., AMF 706, SMF 708, UPF 912, NE-X 914, etc. ) . The network entities may use the network entity keys 910 to derive end-keys 916.
[0075] This key hierarchy 902 may not require a new network entity or new interfaces, thereby simplifying implementation. However, security context management and authentication keys synchronization may not be negligible. There may be extra signaling between network functions. The UE may need to maintain keys and contexts for different NAS connections with different entities.
[0076] FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate embodiments where a network node (e.g., gNB or a 6G RAN) handles the NAS key. As shown, the NAS security operation may be implemented in RAN. The network node may be referred to as a network entity or network-side entity as it is an entity of the RAN. In these embodiments, it may be assumed that a NAS protocol is terminated in the network node, and network node may perform the Security Handling Function. The UE and network node may perform both NAS security and AS security. If double protection on the same nodes is not needed, then the security design 1302 of FIG. 13 may be used where no NAS security is implemented and AS security is used.
[0077] In some embodiments, NAS security using the network node may be optional. For instance, a security policy can be used to decide whether to enable NAS security. Security policy may be allocated from the core network. For example, the SMF may determine the security policy. The security policy may be the decision of the operators.
[0078] More specifically, FIG. 10 illustrates a NAS security design 1002 for a distributed NAS using a central key management function 1004 in communication with a network node 1006 in accordance with some embodiments. The central key management function 1004 may operate as a new 6G network function, a network function service, or a subset thereof (e.g., a microservice implementing part of a network function service) . The central key management function 1004 may allocate a key to the network node 1006.
[0079] In some embodiments, an AUSF may derive a shared secret key (K_share) through the AKA procedure. The central key management function 1004 may fetch the K_share from the AUSF. The central key management function 1004 may derive a NAS key for the network node 1006 based on K_share. The network node 1006 may derive end keys from the NAS key received from the central key management function 1004. For instance, the network node 1006 may derive an encryption key (K_enc) , and an integrity protection key (K_int) .
[0080] In some embodiments, the security handling function may be implemented in the network node 1006. In some embodiments, the network node keys may be stored in the NAS-network node context. In some embodiments, the network node keys may be stored in the central key management function 1004. The network node 1006 can fetch those keys when the network node 1006 receives NAS messages from the UE. In some embodiments, the security operation may not be implemented in the network node 1006. For instances, the network node 1006 may have no encryption functionality. Instead it may send the messages to the central key management function 1004 for encryption and decryption. The call flow for the illustrated embodiment may be similar to the signal flow diagram 402 of FIG. 4 with network node 1006 replacing the AMF and SMF.
[0081] FIG. 11 illustrates a NAS security design 1102 for a distributed NAS using a key management function (e.g., KMF 1104) in the network node 1106 in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 1108 may perform the AKA procedure with AUSF / UDM. A shared secret key (K-share) is derived after successful AKA between the UE 1108 and the AUSF. The AUSF may derive network keys based on K_share, and allocate the network keys to the network node 1106. Each network node 1106 may derive a NAS keys based on the network key (e.g., A-key) using the KMF 1104. The network node 1106 can then derive the end-keys based on the NAS key. A new interface may be added between the network node 1106 and AUSF. The call flow for the illustrated embodiment may be similar to the signal flow diagram 802 of FIG. 8 with network node 1106 replacing the AMF and SMF.
[0082] In some embodiments where the NAS protocol is terminated in the network node (e.g., FIG. 10 and FIG. 11) , a protected NAS message may be carried in an RRC message. For example, FIG. 12 illustrates a signal radio bearer 1202 comprising a NAS security information field 1204.
[0083] FIG. 14 illustrates a primary authentication procedure (AKA 1402) in accordance with some embodiments. There may be two phases in AKA / EAP-AKA. In an initiation procedure 1404 (AKA / EAP-AKA) , the UE 1406 sends identification to SEAF 1408 in VPLMN. The SEAF 1408 sends the authentication request to AUSF 1410 in HPLMN. In an authentication procedure 1412 (5G AKA) , authentication vector is generated, containing the RAND, AUTN, XRES*, and KAUSF. The AUSF 1410 derives the KSEAF (anchor key) from KAUSF and sends the Challenge message to the SEAF 1408. At receipt of the RAND and AUTN, the USIM computes a response RES and returns RES, CK, IK to the UE, ME compute RES*from RES and sends it back. The SEAF 1408 computes HRES*from RES*and compares HRES*with HXRES*, if succeed, forwards RES*to the AUSF. The AUSF 1410 compares the received RES*with the stored XRES*, if succeed, the authentication is successful and AUSF indicate to SEAF.
[0084] FIG. 15 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system 1500, according to embodiments disclosed herein. The following description is provided for an example wireless communication system 1500 that operates in conjunction with the LTE system standards and / or 5G or NR system standards as provided by 3GPP technical specifications.
[0085] As shown by FIG. 15, the wireless communication system 1500 includes UE 1502 and UE 1504 (although any number of UEs may be used) . In this example, the UE 1502 and the UE 1504 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks) , but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device configured for wireless communication.
[0086] The UE 1502 and UE 1504 may be configured to communicatively couple with a RAN 1506. In embodiments, the RAN 1506 may be NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, etc. The UE 1502 and UE 1504 utilize connections (or channels) (shown as connection 1508 and connection 1510, respectively) with the RAN 1506, each of which comprises a physical communications interface. The RAN 1506 can include one or more base stations (such as base station 1512 and base station 1514) that enable the connection 1508 and connection 1510.
[0087] In this example, the connection 1508 and connection 1510 are air interfaces to enable such communicative coupling, and may be consistent with RAT (s) used by the RAN 1506, such as, for example, an LTE and / or NR.
[0088] In some embodiments, the UE 1502 and UE 1504 may also directly exchange communication data via a sidelink interface 1516. The UE 1504 is shown to be configured to access an access point (shown as AP 1518) via connection 1520. By way of example, the connection 1520 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 1518 may comprise a router. In this example, the AP 1518 may be connected to another network (for example, the Internet) without going through a CN 1524.
[0089] In embodiments, the UE 1502 and UE 1504 can be configured to communicate using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with the base station 1512 and / or the base station 1514 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications) , although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
[0090] In some embodiments, all or parts of the base station 1512 or base station 1514 may be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network. In addition, or in other embodiments, the base station 1512 or base station 1514 may be configured to communicate with one another via interface 1522. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 1500 is an LTE system (e.g., when the CN 1524 is an EPC) , the interface 1522 may be an X2 interface. The X2 interface may be defined between two or more base stations (e.g., two or more eNBs and the like) that connect to an EPC, and / or between two eNBs connecting to the EPC. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 1500 is an NR system (e.g., when CN 1524 is a 5GC) , the interface 1522 may be an Xn interface. The Xn interface is defined between two or more base stations (e.g., two or more gNBs and the like) that connect to 5GC, between a base station 1512 (e.g., a gNB) connecting to 5GC and an eNB, and / or between two eNBs connecting to 5GC (e.g., CN 1524) .
[0091] The RAN 1506 is shown to be communicatively coupled to the CN 1524. The CN 1524 may comprise one or more network elements 1526, which are configured to offer various data and telecommunications services to customers / subscribers (e.g., users of UE 1502 and UE 1504) who are connected to the CN 1524 via the RAN 1506. The components of the CN 1524 may be implemented in one physical device or separate physical devices including components to read and execute instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) .
[0092] In embodiments, the CN 1524 may be an EPC, and the RAN 1506 may be connected with the CN 1524 via an S1 interface 1528. In embodiments, the S1 interface 1528 may be split into two parts, an S1 user plane (S1-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 1512 or base station 1514 and a serving gateway (S-GW) , and the S1-MME interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 1512 or base station 1514 and mobility management entities (MMEs) .
[0093] In embodiments, the CN 1524 may be a 5GC, and the RAN 1506 may be connected with the CN 1524 via an NG interface 1528. In embodiments, the NG interface 1528 may be split into two parts, an NG user plane (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 1512 or base station 1514 and a user plane function (UPF) , and the S1 control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 1512 or base station 1514 and access and mobility management functions (AMFs) .
[0094] Generally, an application server 1530 may be an element offering applications that use internet protocol (IP) bearer resources with the CN 1524 (e.g., packet switched data services) . The application server 1530 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., VoIP sessions, group communication sessions, etc. ) for the UE 1502 and UE 1504 via the CN 1524. The application server 1530 may communicate with the CN 1524 through an IP communications interface 1532.
[0095] FIG. 16 illustrates a system 1600 for performing signaling 1634 between a wireless device 1602 and a network device 1618, according to embodiments disclosed herein. The system 1600 may be a portion of a wireless communications system as herein described. The wireless device 1602 may be, for example, a UE of a wireless communication system. The network device 1618 may be, for example, a base station (e.g., an eNB or a gNB) of a wireless communication system.
[0096] The wireless device 1602 may include one or more processor (s) 1604. The processor (s) 1604 may execute instructions such that various operations of the wireless device 1602 are performed, as described herein. The processor (s) 1604 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a controller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
[0097] The wireless device 1602 may include a memory 1606. The memory 1606 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 1608 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor (s) 1604) . The instructions 1608 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 1606 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor (s) 1604.
[0098] The wireless device 1602 may include one or more transceiver (s) 1610 that may include radio frequency (RF) transmitter circuitry and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna (s) 1612 of the wireless device 1602 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 1634) to and / or from the wireless device 1602 with other devices (e.g., the network device 1618) according to corresponding RATs.
[0099] The wireless device 1602 may include one or more antenna (s) 1612 (e.g., one, two, four, or more) . For embodiments with multiple antenna (s) 1612, the wireless device 1602 may leverage the spatial diversity of such multiple antenna (s) 1612 to send and / or receive multiple different data streams on the same time and frequency resources. This behavior may be referred to as, for example, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) behavior (referring to the multiple antennas used at each of a transmitting device and a receiving device that enable this aspect) . MIMO transmissions by the wireless device 1602 may be accomplished according to precoding (or digital beamforming) that is applied at the wireless device 1602 that multiplexes the data streams across the antenna (s) 1612 according to known or assumed channel characteristics such that each data stream is received with an appropriate signal strength relative to other streams and at a desired location in the spatial domain (e.g., the location of a receiver associated with that data stream) . Certain embodiments may use single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) methods (where the data streams are all directed to a single receiver) and / or multi user MIMO (MU-MIMO) methods (where individual data streams may be directed to individual (different) receivers in different locations in the spatial domain) .
[0100] In certain embodiments having multiple antennas, the wireless device 1602 may implement analog beamforming techniques, whereby phases of the signals sent by the antenna (s) 1612 are relatively adjusted such that the (joint) transmission of the antenna (s) 1612 can be directed (this is sometimes referred to as beam steering) .
[0101] The wireless device 1602 may include one or more interface (s) 1614. The interface (s) 1614 may be used to provide input to or output from the wireless device 1602. For example, a wireless device 1602 that is a UE may include interface (s) 1614 such as microphones, speakers, a touchscreen, buttons, and the like in order to allow for input and / or output to the UE by a user of the UE. Other interfaces of such a UE may be made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver (s) 1610 / antenna (s) 1612 already described) that allow for communication between the UE and other devices and may operate according to known protocols (e.g., and the like) .
[0102] The wireless device 1602 may include a NAS key module 1616. The NAS key module 1616 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the NAS key module 1616 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 1608 stored in the memory 1606 and executed by the processor (s) 1604. In some examples, the NAS key module 1616 may be integrated within the processor (s) 1604 and / or the transceiver (s) 1610. For example, the NAS key module 1616 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor (s) 1604 or the transceiver (s) 1610.
[0103] The NAS key module 1616 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 3-14. The NAS key module 1616 is configured to determine end-keys used as the input of algorithms for NAS encryption and integrity protection..
[0104] The network device 1618 may include one or more processor (s) 1620. The processor (s) 1620 may execute instructions such that various operations of the network device 1618 are performed, as described herein. The processor (s) 1620 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, an FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
[0105] The network device 1618 may include a memory 1622. The memory 1622 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 1624 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor (s) 1620) . The instructions 1624 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 1622 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor (s) 1620.
[0106] The network device 1618 may include one or more transceiver (s) 1626 that may include RF transmitter circuitry and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna (s) 1628 of the network device 1618 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 1634) to and / or from the network device 1618 with other devices (e.g., the wireless device 1602) according to corresponding RATs.
[0107] The network device 1618 may include one or more antenna (s) 1628 (e.g., one, two, four, or more) . In embodiments having multiple antenna (s) 1628, the network device 1618 may perform MIMO, digital beamforming, analog beamforming, beam steering, etc., as has been described.
[0108] The network device 1618 may include one or more interface (s) 1630. The interface (s) 1630 may be used to provide input to or output from the network device 1618. For example, a network device 1618 that is a base station may include interface (s) 1630 made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver (s) 1626 / antenna (s) 1628 already described) that enables the base station to communicate with other equipment in a core network, and / or that enables the base station to communicate with external networks, computers, databases, and the like for purposes of operations, administration, and maintenance of the base station or other equipment operably connected thereto.
[0109] The network device 1618 may include a NAS key module 1632. The NAS key module 1632 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the NAS key module 1632 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 1624 stored in the memory 1622 and executed by the processor (s) 1620. In some examples, the NAS key module 1632 may be integrated within the processor (s) 1620 and / or the transceiver (s) 1626. For example, the NAS key module 1632 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor (s) 1620 or the transceiver (s) 1626.
[0110] The NAS key module 1632 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 3-14. The NAS key module 1632 is configured to determine end-keys used as the input of algorithms for NAS encryption and integrity protection.
[0111] FIG. 17 illustrates a method 1700 for operating a central key management function entity in accordance with some embodiments. The method 1700 comprises receiving 1702, from an AUSF, a shared secret key that is shared with a UE. The method 1700 further derives 1704 one or more network entity keys for one or more network entities based on the shared secret key. The method 1700 further receives 1706 a key request from a first network entity of the one or more network entities. The method 1700 further sends 1708 a key response to the first network entity / The response may include the one or more network entity keys, wherein the one or more network entity keys are configured to be used by the first network entity to determine end-keys for a distributed NAS connection with the UE.
[0112] In some embodiments, different network entity keys are derived for each of the network entities. In some embodiments, a same network entity key is used for each of the network entities. In some embodiments, a security operation is implemented in each of the network entities, and the end-keys are stored in a network entity context.
[0113] In some embodiments, a security operation is implemented in each of the network entities, and the end-keys are stored in the central key management function entity, wherein the central key management function entity will send the keys to the network entities.
[0114] In some embodiments, the method 1700 further comprises receiving, from the network entities, messages for encryption and decryption.
[0115] In some embodiments, the end-keys are directly used as an input for NAS encryption and integrity protection.
[0116] In some embodiments, the one or more network entities comprises a network node.
[0117] In some embodiments, the one or more network entities comprise an AMF, SMF, UPF, or any other network entities.
[0118] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of the method 1700.
[0119] Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 1700.
[0120] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 1700.
[0121] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 1700.
[0122] Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 1700.
[0123] Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out one or more elements of the method 1700.
[0124] FIG. 18 illustrates a method 1800 for operating a network entity in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, the method 1800 receives 1802 a NAS connection request from a UE. The method 1800 sends 1804 a key request to a central key management function entity. The method 1800 receives 1806 a key response from the central key management function entity, the response including a network entity key. The method 1800 derives 1808 end-keys for a distributed NAS connection with the UE. The method 1800 sends 1810, to the UE, a security protected NAS response that is secured using the end-keys.
[0125] In some embodiments, other network entity keys for other network entities are different than the network entity key.
[0126] In some embodiments, other network entities use the network entity key.
[0127] In some embodiments, a security operation is implemented in the network entity, and the end-keys are stored in a network entity context.
[0128] In some embodiments, a security operation is implemented in the network entity, and the end-keys are stored in the central key management function entity, wherein the network entity fetches the end-keys when the network entity receives NAS messages from the UE.
[0129] In some embodiments, the method 1800 further comprising sending, to the central key management function, messages for encryption and decryption.
[0130] In some embodiments, the end-keys are directly used as an input for NAS encryption and integrity protection.
[0131] In some embodiments, the network entity is a network node.
[0132] In some embodiments, network entity is one of an AMF, a SMF, a UPF, or any other network entities.
[0133] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of the method 1800. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0134] Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 1800. This non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a base station (such as a memory 1622 of a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0135] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 1800. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0136] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 1800. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 1618that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0137] Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 1800.
[0138] Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out one or more elements of the method 1800. The processor may be a processor of a base station (such as a processor (s) 1620 a network device 1618that is a base station, as described herein) . These instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or on a memory of the base station (such as a memory 1622 of a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0139] FIG. 19 illustrates a method 1900 for operating a network entity in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, the method 1900 receives 1902 a shared secret key from AUSF. The method 1900 stores 1904 a key management function for a distributed NAS connection. The method 1900 receives 1906 a NAS connection request from a UE. The method 1900 receives 1908 network entity keys that are based on a shared secret key. The method 1900 derives 1910 NAS keys based on the network entity keys. The method 1900 derives 1912 end-keys based on the NAS keys.
[0140] In some embodiments, the key management function is found in each network entity of a core network that is capable of establishing a NAS connection with the UE.
[0141] In some embodiments, different network entities receive the network entity keys that are the same.
[0142] In some embodiments, the method 1900 further comprises maintaining the network entity keys and the end-keys.
[0143] In some embodiments, the method 1900 further comprises sending, to the UE, a security protected NAS response that is secured using the end-keys.
[0144] In some embodiments, the end-keys are directly used as an input for NAS encryption and integrity protection.
[0145] In some embodiments, the end-keys comprise an encryption key and an integrity protection key.
[0146] In some embodiments, the network entity is a network node.
[0147] In some embodiments, the network entity is one of an AMF, a SMF, a UPF, or any other network entities.
[0148] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of the method 1900. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0149] Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 1900. This non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a base station (such as a memory 1622 of a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0150] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 1900. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0151] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 1900. This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 1618that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0152] Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 1900.
[0153] Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out one or more elements of the method 1900. The processor may be a processor of a base station (such as a processor (s) 1620 a network device 1618that is a base station, as described herein) . These instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or on a memory of the base station (such as a memory 1622 of a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein) .
[0154] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and / or methods as set forth herein. For example, a baseband processor as described herein in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein.
[0155] Any of the above described embodiments may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments) , unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.
[0156] Embodiments and implementations of the systems and methods described herein may include various operations, which may be embodied in machine-executable instructions to be executed by a computer system. A computer system may include one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers (or other electronic devices) . The computer system may include hardware components that include specific logic for performing the operations or may include a combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.
[0157] It should be recognized that the systems described herein include descriptions of specific embodiments. These embodiments can be combined into single systems, partially combined into other systems, split into multiple systems or divided or combined in other ways. In addition, it is contemplated that parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment. The parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. are merely described in one or more embodiments for clarity, and it is recognized that the parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. can be combined with or substituted for parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of another embodiment unless specifically disclaimed herein.
[0158] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0159] Although the foregoing has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles thereof. It should be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing both the processes and apparatuses described herein. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to be considered illustrative and not restrictive, and the description is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A method for operating a central key management function entity, the method comprising:receiving, from an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , a shared secret key that is shared with a user equipment (UE) ;deriving one or more network entity keys for one or more network entities based on the shared secret key;receiving a key request from a first network entity of the one or more network entities; andsending a key response to the first network entity, the response including the one or more network entity keys, wherein the one or more network entity keys are configured to be used by the first network entity to determine end-keys for a distributed non-access stratum (NAS) connection with the UE.2.The method of claim 1, wherein different network entity keys are derived for each of the network entities.3.The method of claim 1, wherein a same network entity key is used for each of the network entities.4.The method of claim 1, wherein a security operation is implemented in each of the network entities, and the end-keys are stored in a network entity context.5.The method of claim 1, wherein a security operation is implemented in each of the network entities, and the end-keys are stored in the central key management function entity, wherein the central key management function entity will send the keys to the network entities.6.The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the network entities, messages for encryption and decryption.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the end-keys are directly used as an input for NAS encryption and integrity protection.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more network entities comprises a network node.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more network entities comprise an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , a user plane function (UPF) , or any other network entities.10.A method for operating a network entity, the method comprising:receiving a non-access stratum (NAS) connection request from a user equipment (UE) ;sending a key request to a central key management function entity;receiving a key response from the central key management function entity, the response including a network entity key;deriving end-keys for a distributed NAS connection with the UE; andsending, to the UE, a security protected NAS response that is secured using the end-keys.11.The method of claim 10, wherein other network entity keys for other network entities are different than the network entity key.12.The method of claim 10, wherein other network entities use the network entity key.13.The method of claim 10, wherein a security operation is implemented in the network entity, and the end-keys are stored in a network entity context.14.The method of claim 10, wherein a security operation is implemented in the network entity, and the end-keys are stored in the central key management function entity, wherein the network entity fetches the end-keys when the network entity receives NAS messages from the UE.15.The method of claim 10, further comprising sending, to the central key management function, messages for encryption and decryption.16.The method of claim 10, wherein the end-keys are directly used as an input for NAS encryption and integrity protection.17.The method of claim 10, wherein the network entity is a network node.18.The method of claim 10, wherein the network entity is one of an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , a user plane function (UPF) , or any other network entities.19.A method for operating a network entity, the method comprising:receiving a shared secret key from an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) .storing a key management function for a distributed non-access stratum (NAS) connection;receiving a NAS connection request from a user equipment (UE) ;receiving network entity keys that are based on a shared secret key;deriving NAS keys based on the network entity keys;deriving end-keys based on the NAS keys.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the key management function is found in each network entity of a core network that is capable of establishing a NAS connection with the UE.21.The method of claim 20, wherein different network entities receive the network entity keys that are the same.22.The method of claim 19, further comprising maintaining the network entity keys and the end-keys.23.The method of claim 19, further comprising sending, to the UE, a security protected NAS response that is secured using the end-keys.24.The method of claim 19, wherein the end-keys are directly used as an input for NAS encryption and integrity protection.25.The method of claim 19, wherein the end-keys comprise an encryption key and an integrity protection key.26.The method of claim 19, wherein the network entity is a network node.27.The method of claim 19, wherein the network entity is one of an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , a user plane function (UPF) , or any other network entities.28.An apparatus comprising means to perform the method of any of claim 1 to claim 27.29.A computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform the method of any of claim 1 to claim 27.30.An apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform the method of any of claim 1 to claim 27.
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