Method and apparatus for communication
By implementing a Key Management Function (KMF) to manage key generation and security contexts within communication networks, the challenges of message exchange overhead and scalability in current key management frameworks are addressed, resulting in enhanced security and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/071621
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-09-29
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Current key management frameworks in communication technologies, such as those used in 3GPP networks, face challenges in reducing message exchange overhead and maintaining security context information across various network functions, leading to scalability issues and increased complexity.
The introduction of a Key Management Function (KMF) that is responsible for key generation, security context management, and key refresh, decoupling authentication and key management functionalities, and using intermediate keys like KKMF to enhance security and scalability.
This approach reduces message exchange overhead and the burden of maintaining security context information on network functions, enhances key generation security, and improves scalability by centralizing key management and security context maintenance within the KMF.
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Figure CN2024071621_03042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present application is related to, and claims priority to, United States provisional patent application Serial No. 63 / 586,617, entitled “System and Method for Key Framework in the Future Network” , and filed on September 29, 2023.
[0003] The disclosure of the aforementioned application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0004] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications technologies, and more specifically, to a method and an apparatus for communication.BACKGROUND
[0005] A primary authentication and key agreement procedures are to enable mutual authentication between a user equipment (UE) and a network, and to provide key materials that can be used for indirect derivation keys for security protection on communications between the UE and the network. In 3GPP, different terminal keys and intermediate keys are generated by different network functions (NFs) . For example, a key KSEAF is generated by an authentication server function (AUSF) , and a key KAMF could be generated by a security anchor function (SEAF) or an access and mobility management function (AMF) . All these NFs should maintain security information related to the keys. When some keys are refreshed, new information related to the keys should be updated by NFs. It would result in overhead of exchanges of security contexts and overhead of maintaining security context.SUMMARY
[0006] Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for communication, which can reduce message exchange overhead.
[0007] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for communication, and the method may be performed by a first key management function or a chip installed in the first key management function (KMF) . A KMF is a network function that is responsible for key management. The method includes: receiving a first message, where the first message includes an identifier (ID) of a device and a shared key that is known by the device, and the first message further indicates a name or an ID of a first network function (NF) ; generating a first key based on the first message, where the first key is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between the device and the first network function; and transmitting a second message to a second KMF, where the second message includes the first key, an identifier of the first key, and an identifier of an algorithm for generating the first key or an identifier of an algorithm for generating terminal keys; where the first key is used to generate a second key, and the second key includes a terminal key that is used for a protection of a communication between the device and the first network function.
[0008] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, a KMF is introduced for key management. The first key and keys used for protection of communications between a device and the first network function are generated by the KMF. For related network functions, these keys could not be generated by themselves. It could reduce message exchange overhead and reduce overhead of maintaining security context by NFs. Moreover, a key framework related to this technical solution could be scalable for the network.
[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some embodiments, the generating a first key based on the first message includes: deriving an intermediate key from the shared key and at least one of: a name of the first KMF or a random number; and deriving the first key from the intermediate key.
[0010] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, an intermediate key is introduced, and it could decouple authentication functionality and key management functionality. It could enhance security of key generation and security of the first key
[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: determining the algorithm for generating the first key or the algorithm for generating the terminal keys, from a plurality of algorithms.
[0012] With reference to the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second key includes one or more of: a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the user device and the first network function with an encryption algorithm; or a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the user device and the first network function with an integrity algorithm.
[0013] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for communication, and the method may be performed by a second KMF or a chip installed in the second KMF. The method includes: receiving a second message from a first KMF, where the second message includes a first key, an identifier of the first key, and an identifier of an algorithm for generating the first key or an identifier of an algorithm for generating the terminal keys, where the first key is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between the user device and a first network function; generating a second key based on the second message, where the second key is used for a protection of a communication between the user device and the first network function; and transmitting a third message to the first network function, where the third message includes the second key and a security context for the first network function.
[0014] With reference to the second aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: generating a third key based on the second message, where the third key is used to generate a fourth key that is used for a protection of a communication between the device and a second network function; and transmitting a fourth message to a third KMF, where the third KMF is configured to generate the fourth key, and the fourth message includes the ID of the first key, the third key, and an algorithm for generating the third key or an identifier of an algorithm for generating terminal keys.
[0015] With reference to the second aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving a first request for refreshing the second key, where the first request includes a factor for refreshing the second key; and refreshing the second key based on the first request.
[0016] According to the above-mentioned technical solution, a KMF could refresh intermediate keys by itself. It could reduce extra communication overhead.
[0017] In some embodiments, the security context for the first network function includes the ID of the first key.
[0018] In some embodiments, the security context for the first network function includes one or more of: an ID of an encryption algorithm used for communication encryption between the device and the first network function; or, an ID of an integrity algorithm used for communication integrity between the device and the first network function.
[0019] According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for communication, and the method may be performed by a third KMF or a chip installed in the third KMF. The method includes: receiving a fourth message from a second KMF, where the fourth message includes an ID of a first key, a third key, and an ID of an algorithm for generating the third key or an ID of an algorithm for generating terminal keys, where the first key is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between a device and a first network function; generating a fourth key based on the fourth message, where the fourth key includes a terminal key that is used for a protection of a communication between the device and a second network function; and transmitting a fifth message to the second network function, where the fifth message includes the fourth key and a security context for the second network function.
[0020] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving a second request for refreshing the fourth key, wherein the second request includes a factor for refreshing the fourth key; and refreshing the fourth key based on the second request.
[0021] With reference to the third aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth key includes one or more of: a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the second network function with an encryption algorithm; or a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the second network function with an integrity algorithm.
[0022] In some embodiments, the security context for the second network function includes the ID of the first key.
[0023] In some embodiments, the security context for the second network function includes one or more of: an ID of an encryption algorithm used for communication encryption between the device and the second network function; or an ID of an integrity algorithm used for communication integrity between the device and the second network function.
[0024] According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for communication, and the method may be performed by a first network function or a chip installed in the first network function. The method includes: receiving a third message from a second KMF, where the third message includes a second key and a security context for the first network function, where the second key is generated based on a first key that is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between a device and a first network function; and configuring the second key based on the security context for the first network function.
[0025] With reference to the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: transmitting a first request for refreshing the second key, where the first request includes a factor for refreshing the second key; and receiving a sixth message, where the sixth message includes a refreshed second key.
[0026] According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for communication, and the method may be performed by a second network function or a chip installed in the second network function. The method includes: receiving a fifth message from a third KMF, where the fifth message includes a fourth key and a security context for a second network function, where the fourth key includes a terminal key that is used for a protection of a communication between a device and the second network function; and configuring the fourth key based on the security context for the second network function.
[0027] With reference to the fifth aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes: transmitting a second request for refreshing the fourth key, wherein the second request comprises a factor for refreshing the fourth key; and receiving a seventh message, wherein the seventh message comprises a refreshed fourth key.
[0028] According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for communication, and the method may be performed by a first KMF or a chip installed in the first KMF. The method includes: receiving a first message, where the first message includes an ID of a device and a shared key that is known by the device, and the first message further indicates a name or an ID of a first network function NF; and transmitting a second message to a second KMF, where the second message includes a first key, an identifier of the first key, and an identifier of an algorithm for generating the first key or an identifier of an algorithm for generating terminal keys.
[0029] The first key is generated based on the first message and the first key is used to generate a second key. The second key includes a terminal key that is used for a protection of a communication between the device and the first network function.
[0030] According to a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for communication, and the method may be performed by a second KMF or a chip installed in the second KMF. The method includes: receiving a second message from a first KMF, where the second message includes a first key, an identifier of the first key, and an identifier of an algorithm for generating the first key or an identifier of an algorithm for generating the terminal keys, where the first key is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between the user device and a first network function; and transmitting a third message to the first network function, where the third message includes a second key and a security context for the first network function.
[0031] The second key is generated based on the second message. The second key is used for a protection of a communication between the user device and the first network function.
[0032] According to an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication apparatus having a function or module to perform the method in any one of the first aspect to the seventh aspect, or any one of the implementations in these aspects.
[0033] According to a ninth aspect, there is provided a chip (or a chip system) . The chip includes at least one processor, the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory. The at least one memory is configured to store one or more instructions and / or executable computer code. The at least one processor is configured to invoke the one or more instructions and / or executable computer code, so that a communication apparatus installed the chip performs the method in any one of the first aspect to the seventh aspect, or any possible implementation in these aspects.
[0034] Optionally, the chip may further include the at least one memory.
[0035] Optionally, the chip may further include a communication interface, and the communication interface is configured to input and / or output information or data.
[0036] According to a tenth aspect, there is provided a communication apparatus. The communication apparatus includes one or more circuits and one or more communication interfaces. The one or more communication interfaces may include a first interface for receiving (that is, inputting) information and / or data that is to be processed by the one or more circuits and a second interface for transmitting (that is, outputting) information and / or data processed by the one or more circuit. The one or more circuits are configured to process the information and / or data that is to be processed so that the communication apparatus performs the method in any one of the first aspect to the seventh aspect, or any one of the implementations in these aspects.
[0037] According to an eleventh aspect, there is provided a communication system. The communication system may include the communication apparatus according to the eighth aspect or the tenth aspect. For example, the communication system may include the one or more of: the first KMF, the second KMF, the third KMF, the first network function or the second network function. The communication system may further include a device.
[0038] According to a twelfth aspect, there is provided a computer storage medium that stores executable computer code, and the executable computer code is used to execute one or more instructions for the method in any one of the first aspect to the seventh aspect, or any one of the implementations in these aspects.
[0039] According to a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a computer program product including one or more instructions, and when the computer product program runs on a computer, the computer performs the method in any one of the first aspect to the seventh aspect, or any one of the implementations in these aspects.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0040] One or more embodiments are exemplarily described by corresponding accompanying drawings, and these exemplary illustrations and accompanying drawings constitute no limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are illustrated as similar elements, and the drawings are not limited to scale, in which:
[0041] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a communication system.
[0042] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system.
[0043] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED and a base station.
[0044] FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device.
[0045] FIG. 5 illustrates 6G System conceptual structure.
[0046] FIG. 6 illustrates a key hierarchy generation in a 5th generation system.
[0047] FIG. 7 is a network scenario according to some embodiments of the present application.
[0048] FIG. 8 is an architecture of key management according to some embodiments of the present application.
[0049] FIG. 9 is a key hierarchy for C / M signaling protection and data protection according to some embodiments of the present application.
[0050] FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a method for communication according to some embodiments of the present application.
[0051] FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of a method for communication according to some embodiments of the present application.
[0052] FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0053] FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0054] In order to understand features and technical contents of embodiments of the present application in detail, implementations of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the attached drawings are only for reference and illustration purposes, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present applications. In the following technical descriptions, for ease of explanation, numerous details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments.
[0055] The present application at least includes the following parts.
[0056] 1) Design a key management architecture.
[0057] The basic concept is that a network function (we call it as a Key Management Function (KMF) is used for key generations and key configurations. This concept could bring some benefits, e.g., NFs do not maintain information related to keys and NFs do not generate keys by themselves, which could reduce overhead.
[0058] 2) Design a key derivation framework.
[0059] This embodiment provides a key derivation framework under the key management architecture. How to derive these C / M session keys and data session keys and C / M RB keys and data RB keys, are provided. To improve security, KAUSF is replaced by KKMF which is generated by a KMF, which could decouple authentication functionalities and key management functionalities.
[0060] 3) Provide a procedure of key generation and key configuration.
[0061] This embodiment provides details about a procedure of key generation and key configuration under the key management architecture.
[0062] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications.
[0063] Many new trends will trigger the consideration and design of 6G / future wireless networks: a new network infrastructure capability (e.g., cloud natured / friendly infrastructures that are broadly deployed) ; new or relative matured techniques (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI) large scale models, data de-privacy, block chain, etc. ) that have made significant progresses and significantly impact on the entire society and human life; new applications and services (e.g., AI services, data or sensing service, digital world service, etc. ) that are broadly applied in industry / business and used by individual customers; and more global / open / collaborative operation trend (i.e., a more open and more collaborative operation mode are becoming common practice in many fields) .
[0064] New expectation and stricter requirements on future networks also drive rethinking and development of new generation of wireless networks. These requirements include: privacy and trustworthiness, simplified standardization, rapid deployment, etc.
[0065] All of the above drives sixth generation (6G) network architecture research work.
[0066] Our proposed 6G network architecture (X-centric) are: SBA (XaaS service) based; and / or cloud-native. Anything as a service could be denoted as XaaS.
[0067] Requirements to 6G system network architecture design include that:
[0068] –the proposed 6G network architecture needs to support new 6G services which could be developed / deployed by 3rd parties;
[0069] -the proposed 6G network architecture needs to embrace more open ecosystem to open door to technical capable 3rd parties; and
[0070] -the proposed 6G network architecture needs to enable better trustworthiness management.
[0071] A solution to enable above requirements is needed.
[0072] For ease of understanding the embodiments of this application, a communication system shown in FIGS. 1-4 is firstly used as an example to describe in detail a communication system to which the embodiments of this application are applicable.
[0073] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g. 6G or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. fifth generation (5G) , or fourth generation (4G) ) radio access network. One or more communication electronic devices (ED) 110a-110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also, the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0074] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, between its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc. ) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. Compared to conventional communication networks, the heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0075] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , radio access networks (RANs) 120a, 120b, a non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a, 120b include respective base stations (BSs) 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 172, which may be generically referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0076] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any T-TRP 170a, 170b and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with T-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a-110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0077] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , space division multiple access (SDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA, also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDMA, DFT-s-OFDMA) in the air interfaces 190a and 190b. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other higher dimension signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.
[0078] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT- TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0079] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0080] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 170c. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0081] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0082] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0083] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processing unit (s) (e.g., a processor 210) . Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0084] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the Internet 150 in FIG. 1) . The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0085] The ED 110 includes the processor 210 for performing operations including those operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170; those operations related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170; and those operations related to processing side-link transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the NT-TRP 172 and / or by the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or from the T-TRP 170.
[0086] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0087] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in the memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or a hardware accelerator such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) or an artificial intelligence (AI) accelerator.
[0088] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a base band unit (BBU) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be a macro BS, a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forgoing devices or refer to apparatus (e.g. a communication module, a modem, or a chip) in the forgoing devices.
[0089] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0090] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to the NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy the NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Signaling may be transmitted in a physical layer control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , in which case the signaling may be known as dynamic signaling. Signaling transmitted in a downlink physical layer control channel may be known as downlink control information (DCI) . Siganling transmitted in an uplink physical layer control channel may be known as uplink control information (UCI) . Signaling transmitted in a sidelink physical layer control channel may be known as sidelink control information (SCI) . Signaling may be included in a higher-layer (e.g., higher than physical layer) packet transmitted in a physical layer data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in which case the signaling may be known as higher-layer signaling, static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher-layer signaling may also refer to radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or Media Access Control –Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling.
[0091] The scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170. The scheduler 253 may schedule uplink, downlink, sidelink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (e.g., “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0092] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0093] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in the memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a hardware accelerator (e.g., a GPU or AI accelerator) , or an ASIC.
[0094] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form, such as satellites and high altitude platforms, including international mobile telecommunication base stations and unmanned aerial vehicles, for example. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0095] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or part of the receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0096] The processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272, and the processing components of the receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in the memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272, and the processing components of the receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a hardware accelerator (e.g., a GPU or AI accelerator) , or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0097] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0098] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in the ED 110, in the T-TRP 170, or in the NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or by a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or by a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an AI or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be a circuit such as an integrated circuit. Examples of an integrated circuit includes a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be logical such as a logical function performed by a circuit, by a portion of an integrated circuit, or by software instructions executed by a processor. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, the modules may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0099] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, the T-TRP 170, and the NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0100] The solution described in the application is applicable to a next generation (e.g. 6G or later) network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, or 4G) network.
[0101] The proposed 6G system architecture is defined to support 6G XaaS services by using techniques such as network function virtualization and network slicing. The 6G system architecture utilizes service-based interactions between 6G services.
[0102] The 6G system leverages service-based architecture and XaaS concept. XaaS services in the 6G system are categorized into three layers. For illustrative purpose, the 6G system conceptual structure is shown in FIG. 5.
[0103] An infrastructure layer includes infrastructures supporting 6G services. Among them are wireless networks (e.g., a RAN, and a core network (CN) ) infrastructures, cloud / data center infrastructures, satellite networks, storage / database infrastructures, and sensing networks, and etc. These infrastructures can be provided by a single provider or by multiple providers.
[0104] Each of the infrastructures could have its control and management functions, denoted as C / M functions, for infrastructure management. Each of these infrastructures is one type of infrastructure as a service.
[0105] A control and management (C / M) layer includes control and management services of the 6G system. They are developed and deployed by using slicing techniques and utilizing resource provided by infrastructure layer. In the 6G system conceptual structure:
[0106] - resource management (RM) as a service provides a capability of life-cycle management of a variety of slices and over-the-air resource assignment to wireless devices.
[0107] - mission management (MM) as a service provides a capability to program provisioning of XaaS services at service layer to provide mission services. A 6G mission is defined as a service provided to customers by the 6G system. A mission can be a type of services which is provided by a single 6G XaaS service or a type of services that needs contributions from multiple XaaS services.
[0108] - confederation network (CONET) as a service provides a capability to enable multiple partners jointly provide 6G services. This capability is provided by confederation formation, mutual authentication, mutual authorization among partners and negotiation of agreement on recording and retracing of selected actions performed by partners, in order to assure a trustworthy environment of 6G system operations.
[0109] - service provisioning management (SPM) as a service provides a capability of control and management of 6G service access by customers and provisioning of requested services. The capability is provided by unified mutual authentication, authorization and policy, key management, quality of service (QoS) assurance and charging between any pair of XaaS service provider and customer. The customers include end-customers not only in physical world, but also digital representatives in digital world.
[0110] - connectivity management (CM) as a service leverages 5G connectivity management functions, but with extension to include digital world.
[0111] - protocol as a service provides a capability to design service customized protocol stacks for identified interfaces. The protocol stacks could be pre-defined for on-demand selection, or could be on-demand designed.
[0112] - network security as a service provides a capability for owners of infrastructures to detect potential security risks of their infrastructures.
[0113] - XaaS services in C / M Layer support control and management of the 6G system itself and also provide support to verticals if requested. One example is that RM service can serve RAN for over-the-air resource management and can also provide service to a vertical for the vertical’s over-the-air resource allocation to its end-customers. The XaaS in C / M layer can be deployed by using slicing technique.
[0114] A service layer includes 6G services which provide services to customers. In the 6G system conceptual structure:
[0115] - AI service is denoted as NET4AI as a service. Artificial intelligence service provides AI capability to support a variety of AI applications.
[0116] - Service of data collection, data sanitization, data analysis and data delivery are denoted as DAM as a service. This service provides a capability of lifecycle management of statistic data, including acquisition, de-privatization, analysis and delivery of data which are information statistic data from any types of sensors, devices, network functions, and etc.
[0117] - Service of storage and sharing of data is denoted as NET4Data as a service. This service provides a capability to trustworthily storage and share data under the control of owners of data and following recognized authorities’ regulations on control of identified data.
[0118] - Service to provide digital world is denoted as NET4DW as a service. Digital world service provides a capability to construct, control and manage digital world. Digital world is defined as digital realization of physical world.
[0119] - 6G block chain service is denoted as NET4BC as a service. This service provides a capability to support 6G block chain services.
[0120] - 6G connectivity service is denoted as NET4CON as a service. Enhanced connectivity service, e.g., network for connectivity (NET4CON) as a service. This service provides a capability to support exchange of messages and data among new 6G services.
[0121] All XaaS services at this layer are developed and deployed by using resource provided in infrastructure and utilizing network function virtualization and slicing techniques. the capability of each of 6G services is provided by its control and management functions and service specific data process functions.
[0122] In addition to support 6G XaaS services at service layer, 6G system leverages 5G system for provisioning of vertical services. The difference between 6G XaaS services and other verticals are that a vertical is a pure customer which needs other XaaS services to enable its operation, while each of XaaS services provide their capabilities to 6G customers.
[0123] Any pair of XaaS services of the 6G system could also be mutual customer and provider of each other. Some of example are that: an infrastructure owner provides its resource to XaaS services in service layer and C / M layer; RM services may need the capabilities provided by NET4AI, DAM and NET4DW for its resource management for vertical slicing; CONET service and NET4Data service may need the capability provided by NET4BC for their operation.
[0124] The key concepts of 6G system includes that:
[0125] - define basic XaaS Services by decoupling comprehensive types of services into basic XaaS services. A basic XaaS service provides unique capability to enable a specific type of service, such as NET4AI service, NET4DW service, DAM service, NET4Data service, block chain service, mission management service, etc.
[0126] - allow joint operation of the 6G system by multiple partners.
[0127] - define data plane of the 6G system which includes processing functions of data plane of XaaS services. Programing the interconnection of these functions, by mission management service, enables to support a variety of customized customer services.
[0128] - simplify 6G system architecture by categorizing basic control services and management services and combining them as basic XaaS services in C / M layer.
[0129] - define C / M Plane of the 6G system which includes C / M functions in XaaS services and may include 5G CP (e.g., AMF) depending on implementation options.
[0130] - define basic architecture structure (BAS) which is a unified basic structure with minimized number of interfaces and is independent of types of infrastructures.
[0131] - simplify standardization, development and deployment of the 6G system using the BAS concept, while supporting a variety of infrastructure deployment scenarios.
[0132] - adapt to a variety of deployment scenarios by applying the BAS or a subset of it to infrastructures based on capability, capacity and requirement of the infrastructure networks.
[0133] - leverage SBI interface concept and apply SBI interaction in both 6G C / M plane and 6G data plane.
[0134] - simplify SBI interfaces by introducing trustworthy gateways (GWs) in data plane and C / M plane of the 6G system.
[0135] - improve trustworthiness from perspectives of operation of the 6G system by introducing CONET capability, NET4BC capability and anonymous service provisioning provided by the trustworthy GWs in the C / M plane and data plane of the 6G system.
[0136] - improve trustworthiness from perspective of end customer privacy protection by unified mutual authentication, IDM, data sanitization and etc. provided by SPM service, DAM service and 6G Block Chain service.
[0137] - simplify roaming management of wireless devices, in physical world and digital world, by unified authentication including all participated partners and customers.
[0138] - support multiple development paths from 5G system to 6G system by defining multiple architecture options without incurring much efforts due to the introduction of the BAS concept.
[0139] - support backward compatibility by utilizing benefits of SBA and its add-on feature. 5G users can use the 6G system to access 5G services.
[0140] - support future extension by adding new XaaS services with minimized impact on standardization and deployment, due to the introduced anonymous service provisioning concept implemented in trustworthy GWs in 6G C / M plane and in 6G data plane.
[0141] Currently, security procedures between a user equipment and network functions would be involved when the user equipment is capable of connecting to a network. FIG. 6 illustrates a key hierarchy generation in a 5G system.
[0142] As shown in FIG. 6, the key hierarchy or key framework involved in the current security procedures could include the following intermediate keys and / or terminal keys: KAUSF, KSEAF, KAMF, KNASint, KNASenc, KN3IWF, KgNB, KRRCint, KRRCenc, KUPint and KUPenc. Here, KAUSF is an intermediate key generated by an AUSF, KSEAF is an anchor key derived by AUSF form KAUSF, and KAMF is an intermediate key derived by a SEAF form KSEAF. KNASint and KNASenc are terminal keys derived by an AMF from KAMF, where KNASint is used for the protection of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling with a particular integrity algorithm and KNASenc is used for the protection of the NAS signaling with a particular encryption algorithm. KN3IWF and KgNB are keys derived by the AMF from KAMF. KRRCint and KRRCenc are terminal keys derived by a gNB from KgNB, where KRRCint is used for the protection of RRC signaling with a particular integrity algorithm and KRRCenc is used for the protection of RRC signaling with a particular encryption algorithm. KUPint and KUPenc are terminal keys derived by a gNB from KgNB, where the KUPint is used for the protection of user plane (UP) traffic with a particular integrity algorithm and KUPenc is used for the protection of UP traffic with a particular encryption algorithm.
[0143] In the current key framework mentioned above, these intermediate keys and / or terminal keys are generated by different NFs, and these NFs should maintain security information related to the keys (also referred to as keys information) . The security information related to a key may include algorithms for generating the key, or parameters for generating the key. For example, AUSF should keep or maintain security information related to KAUSF and KSEAF. For another example, AMF should maintain security information related to at least one of KNASint, KNASenc, KN3IWF or KgNB. On one hand, when one of these NFs is compromised, the security information maintained by a compromised NF may be used for constructing terminal keys or intermediate keys by an attacker. On the other hand, when some keys are refreshed, the security information related to the keys should be updated. The exchange of the security information related to the refreshed keys would result in signaling overhead. For example, when a new KAMF is derived vertically from KSEAF, the security information related to the new KAMF should be notified to AMF and gNB. Moreover, since new NF (s) may be adopted in 6G system or the future network, the new NF(s) should maintain the security information and may be required to support keys generation. However, the key framework mentioned above is not scalable for the network.
[0144] In other words, in 3GPP, 33.501, as shown in the FIG. 6, all keys including terminal keys (e.g., NAS keys, UP keys, RRC keys) , intermediate keys (e.g., KSEAF, KAMF, KAUSF) , are generated by different NFs. For example, KSEAF is generated by AUSF, KAMF could be generated by SEAF or AMF. UP keys, RRC keys are generated by gNB. This key framework has the following issues.
[0145] All these functions should maintain security information related to the key. If one of NFs is compromised, information related to keys may be used for constructing terminal keys or intermediate keys by an attacker. Security information may include algorithms for generating keys, parameters for generating keys.
[0146] If some keys are refreshed, the new information related to the keys should be updated by NFs. For example, if new KAMF is derived vertically from KSEAF, this information related to the new KAMF should be notified to AMF, gNB.
[0147] If a new function (e.g. Data-TW-GW) is deployed into the network, this new function should support the above requirements. It is not scalable for the network.
[0148] As mentioned above, new applications and services would be supported in the future network, e.g., AI service, data service, sensing service and digital world service. These services can be developed and deployed by using resource provided in infrastructure (e.g., radio access network, data center or other infrastructure) and utilizing network function virtualization and slicing techniques. Each of these services could be referred to as XaaS. In a XaaS module, there may be multiple network functions. These network functions could be classified into two categories: C / M functions and data processing functions. The data processing functions are used for processing data and could only exist in the service layer. The C / M functions are used for control and management and could exist in a service layer and C / M layer. A service provider of XaaS could also be referred to as a XaaS service.
[0149] FIG. 7 is a network scenario according to some embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, the control / management trustworthy gateway (C / M-TW-GW) is a network function and could be defined as an endpoint of a C / M session at network side. The setup of the C / M session is for a device or a XaaS service to transmit a control message relating to the XaaS service. The C / M session could be defined as a secured logical connection between a device (e.g., UE) and its serving C / M-TW-GW. The data trustworthy gateway (Data-TW-GW) is a network function and could be defined as an endpoint of data session of a device. The setup of the data session is for the device or the XaaS service to participate in processing data. The data session could be defined as a secured logical connection between a device and its serving Data-TW-GW. The radio bearer (RB) handler is a network function and could be implemented as a radio access network (RAN) . The RB handler could be connected to both other infrastructures (e.g., a core network, and a third-party cloud) and C / M-TW-GW. In this scenario, there may be more network functions, e.g., an authentication server, and an authorization server.
[0150] As shown in FIG. 7, there are some interfaces used for connecting these NFs within the network scenario. For example, an interface I could be defined as a set of security features that enables a device / client to authenticate and access services via the network securely, and to protect against attacks on the radio interfaces. In other words, the interface I could support a connection between a device and an RB handler. For another example, an interface II could be defined as a set of security features that enables a system shown in FIG. 7 to securely exchange C / M session between a device / client and a C / M-TW-GW or securely exchange data session between a client and a Data-TW-GW. For still another example, an interface III could be defined as a set of security features that enables the system to securely exchange C / M session between the XaaS service and the C / M-TW-GW or securely exchange data session between the XaaS service and a Data-TW-GW. For still another example, an interface IV could support a connection between the RB handler and the C / M-TW-GW / Data-TW-GW.
[0151] In this scenario, security procedures between a user equipment and network functions would be involved when a device (e.g., a UE) is capable of connecting to a network. For example, when a device (e.g., a UE) is capable of connecting to a C / M-TW-GW and / or connecting to a RAN infrastructure (e.g., an RB handler in FIG. 6) that is connected to both other infrastructures (e.g. a CN infrastructure, a third-party cloud) and C / M-TW-GWs, the security procedures may include a primary authentication and key agreement procedures. The purpose of the primary authentication and key agreement procedures is to enable mutual authentication between the device and a severing network and to provide keying materials that can be used between the device and the severing network. The keying materials can be used for signaling security protection on an interface I and an interface II in subsequent security procedures. For another example, when a service is requested by the device, the security procedures may include a secondary primary authentication and key agreement procedures. The purpose of the secondary authentication and key agreement procedures is to enable mutual authentication between the device and the XaaS service, and to provide keying materials that can be used between the device and the XaaS service in subsequent security procedures. The keying materials can be used for data security protection on an interface I and an interface II in subsequent security procedures. Internet protocol security (IPsec) protocol or transport layer security (TLS) protocol can be used to implement on an interface III and an interface IV and an interface V for secure communications. In addition to IPsec, datagram transport layer security (DTLS) shall be supported to provide mutual authentication, integrity protection, replay protection and confidentiality protection. Security profiles for DTLS implementation and usage shall follow the TLS profile given in clause 6.2 of TS 33.210 and the certificate profile given in clause 6.1.3a of TS 33.310.
[0152] As mentioned above, new services and network functions may be involved in the future network. Moreover, the current key framework has issues mentioned above.
[0153] To solve it, we provide systems and methods on key framework for the future network. Our work provides an architecture of key management that a network function generates keys and maintains security contexts. This could reduce overhead caused by NFs maintain security contexts. What’s more, we provide a key derivation framework that how to generate keys by the network function. The present application could improve efficiency and enhance security.
[0154] To reduce overhead of exchanges of security contexts and maintaining security contexts, we introduce a key management function (also be referred to as a KMF) that is responsible for key generation and security context maintain.
[0155] Basic concepts related to some embodiments of the present application are introduced firstly.
[0156] A key management function (KMF) , is a network function that is responsible for key generations and key configurations. Moreover, the KMF could be responsible for keys refresh and key revocation. For illustrative purpose, by taking the scenario shown in FIG. 7 as an example, there may be plurality of intermediate keys and terminal keys used for security protection on communications on interface I and interface II, such as keys for protection of the C / M session (also referred to as C / M session keys) , keys for protection of data session (also referred to as data session keys) , keys for protection of C / M RB (also referred to as C / M RB keys) , and keys for protection of data RB (also referred to as data RB keys) . These keys would be generated by one or more KMFs and be configured for related network functions, such as C / M-TW-GW, Data-TW-GW, and RB handler. Therefore, for the related network functions, these keys could not be generated by themselves.
[0157] The future network shall allow for use of encryption and integrity protection algorithms for C / M session keys, C / M RB keys, data session keys, data RB keys, indirectly derived from the EMSK. The keys used for C / M session, C / M RB, data session, data RB, shall be dependent on the algorithms with which they are used. The keys used for C / M session and data session are configured to a C / M-TW-GW / a Data-TW-GW. The keys used for C / M RB and data RB derive from the RB handler’s key, and then are configured to an RB handler. All keys are generated by a KMF. The KMF is responsible for key generation, key refresh and key revocation. The KMF also shall be responsible for management on device’s security context.
[0158] The KMF could also be responsible for management on device’s security context. The security context is a state that shall be established locally at a device and a serving network domain. The security context could at least include a device’s security capability. The security context may include algorithms for generation keys. The device’s security capability could be a set of identifiers corresponding to ciphering algorithms and integrity algorithms implemented in the device. In some implementations, the security context includes algorithms for keys generation, and / or inputs for keys generation.
[0159] Compared to the current key framework, since the KMF is responsible for maintaining security context and activating security protection on communication on the device and the network, it could reduce overhead caused by NFs maintaining security contexts.
[0160] Technical terms, such as “C / M-TW-GW” , “Data-TW-GW” , and “KMF” , are not limited to the specific example names presented herein. These terms or concepts referred to by these terms may also be known by other names. For example, a key management function may be referred to as a key generation and configuration function. For another example, a control / management trustworthy gateway may be referred to as a control / management gateway.
[0161] There have the following technical problems.
[0162] 1) How to design an architecture of key management
[0163] Since keys are used for security protection on communications on interface I and interface II, what interfaces between C / M-TW-GW / Data-TW-GW and the KMF, what interfaces between RB handler and the KMF. What interfaces between the KMF and other functions (e.g., authentication server that is used for authentication a device) . What main functionalities are provided by the KMF?
[0164] 2) How to design a key derivation framework
[0165] How to generate keys by a KMF should be discussed. What information should be exchanged among NFs and the KMF.
[0166] Regarding to these technical problems, in the followings, an example of an architecture of key management function will be described in combination with FIG. 8 for illustrative purpose. Moreover, an example of a key derivation framework will be described in combination with FIG. 9.
[0167] FIG. 8 is an architecture of key management function according to some embodiments of the present application.
[0168] As shown in FIG. 8, a KMF-Anchor could be responsible for generating and refreshing an anchor key. An anchor key could be used to determine whether an authentication is needed between a device and a network.
[0169] A KMF-Session could be responsible for generating and refreshing session keys. A session key is a key used for protection on session between a device and a C / M-TW-GW / Data-TW-GW. In other words, session keys could include keys for protection of the C / M session and / or keys for protection of the data session. The KMF-Session could be responsible for activation on security protection on a communication between a device and a C / M-TW-GW / Data-TW-GW.
[0170] In some implementations, the KMF-Session could be responsible for generating RB handler’s keys. The RB handler’s keys could be used to derive keys for protection of the C / M RB and / or keys for protection of data RB.
[0171] Moreover, the KMF-Session could be responsible for maintaining security contexts and configuring session keys. For example, a C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW could be connected to the KMF-Session, and the KMF-Session could configure session keys to the C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW.
[0172] By taking the scenario shown in FIG. 7 as an example, the KMF-Session could generate keys for protection of the C / M session and configure these C / M session keys to the C / M-TW-GW, and / or generate keys for protection of the data session and configure these data session keys to the Data-TW-GW. Moreover, the KMF-Session could be responsible for activation on security protection on communication between a device and a C / M-TW-GW / Data-TW-GW.
[0173] A KMF-RB could be responsible for generating and refreshing RB keys. An RB key is a key used for protection on an RB between a device and an RB handler. In other words, RB keys could include keys for protection of a C / M RB and / or keys for protection of the data RB. KMF-RB could be responsible for configuring RB keys. For example, an RB handler could be connected to the KMF-RB, and the KMF-RB could configure the RB keys to the RB handler. Moreover, the KMF-RB could be responsible for activation on security protection on communication between a device and an RB handler. The KMF-RB could further be configured to maintain security contexts.
[0174] An authentication server is a network function that could be responsible for triggering a C / M signaling protection. The C / M signaling protection could include C / M keys generation and C / M keys configuration. The C / M keys could include at least one of C / M session keys and C / M RB keys. The authentication server could be connected to a KMF-Anchor. A shared key could be delivered to the KMF-Anchor, after a device is successfully authenticated by the authentication server. For illustrative purpose, the shared key could be a long-term key, e.g., an extended master session key (EMSK) . The shared key should be known by the device. These intermediate keys and terminal keys, e.g., C / M session keys, C / M RB keys and data session keys, could be derived indirectly from the shared key.
[0175] An authorization server could be a network function that is used for service management. The authorization server could be responsible for triggering a data protection that could include data keys generation and data keys configuration. The data keys may include at least one of data session keys and data RB keys. The authorization server could be connected to the KMF-Anchor. Keys for protection on data session could be generated and configured to a Data-TW-GW, after a device is successfully service authorized by the authorization server.
[0176] In some implementations, at least two of a KMF-RB, a KMF-Session and a KMF-Anchor are integrated into one network function, e.g., a KMF. For example, a KMF#1 is a network function, where a KMF-RB, a KMF-Session and a KMF-Anchor could be integrated into the KMF#1. In this scenario, the KMF-RB, the KMF-Session and the KMF-Anchor could be considered as different modules, units or functions of the KMF#1.
[0177] In some implementations, the KMF-RB, the KMF-Session and the KMF-Anchor are distributed among different network functions. For illustrative purpose, in an embodiment, a KMF#2, a KMF#3 and a KMF #4 are different network functions, and the KMF#2, the KMF#3 and the KMF #4 could be taken as examples of the KMF-Anchor, the KMF-Session and the KMF-RB, respectively. In another embodiment, the KMF-Session could be integrated into a C / M-TW-GW or a Data-TW-GW, and / or, the KMF-RB could be integrated into an RB handler, where the KMF#2 could include the KMF-Anchor.
[0178] An RB handler connects to a KMF-RB, and a C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW connects to a KMF-Session.
[0179] In some embodiments, there are interfaces among the KMF-Anchor, the KMF-Session and the KMF-RB. For example, the KMF-Anchor and the KMF-Session could be connected to each other, and the KMF-Session and the KMF-RB could be connected to each other.
[0180] Compared to the current key framework, since session keys and RB keys are generated by a KMF, there is no need to keep or maintain key information for related NFs such as an RB handler. It could reduce overhead caused by NFs maintaining keys information. For example, the keys information may include algorithms for key generation, and parameters or inputs for key generation.
[0181] The above architecture of key management could have the following new features compared to prior arts in 3GPP 33.501.
[0182] 1) Decouple network service operation with security management. A KMF maintains security contexts and activates security protection on communications on the device and the network, while NFs in 3GPP 33.501 maintaining security contexts. It could reduce overhead caused by NFs maintaining security contexts.
[0183] 2) Decouple network service operation with key management. A KMF generates session keys, and RB keys. Thus, NFs do not keep key information (e.g. algorithms for key generation, parameters or inputs (e.g. intermediate keys) for key generation. It could reduce overhead caused by NFs maintaining keys information. Currently, updating intermediate keys may have key information exchange among related NFs. In our invention, a KMF refreshes intermediate keys by itself. This could reduce extra communication overhead compared to prior arts.
[0184] The architecture of key management mentioned above may allow for use of encryption and integrity algorithm for C / M session keys, data session keys, C / M RB keys, and data RB keys.
[0185] For illustrative purpose, FIG. 9 is a key hierarchy for C / M signaling protection and data protection.
[0186] The future network system shall allow for use of encryption and integrity protection algorithms for C / M session keys, C / M RB keys, data session keys, data RB keys, derived from an EMSK. As shown in FIG. 9, intermediate keys and terminal keys are as follows:
[0187] 1) An intermediate key represented by KKMF, is a key that could be derived by mobile equipment (ME) and KMF-Anchor from the EMSK. For illustrative purpose, the input for generating KKMF may include at least one of: a name of KMF-Anchor, a random number, or indicating parameters from an authentication server for generating KKMF. It could decouple authentication functionality and key management functionality by introducing KKMF. Therefore, it could enhance security of key generation and security of an anchor key.
[0188] 2) An anchor key represented by Kanchor, is a key that could be derived by ME and KMF-Anchor from KKMF.
[0189] 3) An RB handler’s key represented by KRBhandler, is a key that could be derived by ME and KMF-Session from Kanchor.
[0190] 4) A C / M session key represented by KC / M-session-int, is a key for protection of C / M sessions with a particular integrity algorithm. KC / M-session-int could be derived by ME and KMF-Session from Kanchor.
[0191] 5) Another C / M session key represented by KC / M-session-enc, is a key for protection of C / M sessions with a particular encryption algorithm. KC / M-session-enc could be derived by ME and KMF-Session from Kanchor.
[0192] 6) A data session key represented by Kdata-session-int, is a key for protection of data sessions with a particular integrity algorithm. Kdata-Session-int could be derived by ME and KMF-Session from Kanchor.
[0193] 7) Another data session key represented by Kdata-session-enc, is a key for protection of data sessions with a particular encryption algorithm. Kdata-session-enc could be derived by ME and KMF-Session from Kanchor.
[0194] 8) A C / M RB key represented by KC / M-RB-int, is a key for protection of C / M RBs with a particular integrity algorithm. KC / M-RB-int could be derived by ME and KMF-RB from KRBhandler.
[0195] 9) Another C / M RB key represented by KC / M-RB-enc, is a key for protection of C / M RBs with a particular encryption algorithm. KC / M-RB-enc could be derived by ME and KMF-RB from KRBhandler.
[0196] 10) A data RB key represented by Kdata-RB-int, is a key for protection of data RBs with a particular integrity algorithm. Kdata-RB-int could be derived by ME and KMF-RB from KRBhandler.
[0197] 11) Another data RB key represented by Kdata-RB-enc, is a key for protection of data RBs with a particular encryption algorithm. Kdata-RB-enc could be derived by ME and KMF-RB from KRBhandler.
[0198] An identifier (ID) of the anchor key could be referred to as a 6G keyset identifier (6gKSI) . 6gKSI could be allocated by the KMF-Anchor. The purpose of the 6gKSI is to make it possible for a device and a C / M-TW-GW to identify a security context without invoking the authentication procedure for a device and a C / M-TW-GW. If the anchor key is changed, the 6gKSI should be changed. The 6gKSI shall be stored in a device and a C / M-TW-GW. The security parameter (s) for authentication, integrity protection and ciphering should be tied together in a session security context and identified by the 6gKSI.
[0199] The above key derivation framework could have the following new features. 1) Keys for data session are generated to protect data sessions. Compared to prior arts, these keys do not exist. 2) KKMF is introduced to enhance the security of the anchor key. And it could decouple authentication functionality and key management functionality. This could enhance security of key generation. 3) In 3GPP, 33.501, both of KSEAF and KAUSF are by AUSF. In the present application, KSEAF and KAUSF are removed, and KKMF is introduced to improve the security of the anchor key. This could reduce complexity.
[0200] FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a method 500 for communication according to some embodiments of the present application. The following separately describes steps involved in the method in detail.
[0201] At S502, a first KMF receives a first message, where the first message includes an identifier of a device and a shared key that is known by the device, and the first message further indicates a first network function.
[0202] In some embodiments, the shared key could be an EMSK. The EMSK could be known by an authentication server and the device, the identifier of a device can be referred to as a device’s ID.
[0203] In some embodiments, in order to indicate the first network function, the first message includes at least one of: a name of the first network function or an ID of the first network function. The first network function could be a C / M-TW-GW or a service communication proxy (SCP) . The SCP could be a network function used to control C / M signaling.
[0204] The first network function or an authentication server could transmit the first message, correspondingly, the first KMF could receive the first message. After a successful authentication, the authentication server or the first network function could transmit the first message.
[0205] For illustrative purpose, the first KMF includes the KMF-Anchor mentioned in FIG. 8. In some implementations, the first KMF could be a network function that integrates the KMF-Anchor.
[0206] At S504, the first KMF generates a first key based on the first message.
[0207] The first key is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between the device and the first network function. In other words, the first key could be an anchor key. For example, the first key could be Kanchor in FIG. 9.
[0208] For illustrative purpose, in an embodiment, the first key could be generated based on the ID of the device, the ID of the first network function, and the shared key. In another embodiment, the first key could be generated based on the ID of the device, the name of the first network function, and the shared key. For example, Kanchor could be generated by the KMF-Anchor and the device based on the ID of the device, the ID of the C / M-TW-GW and the EMSK.
[0209] In some implementations, generating the first key based on the first message includes: deriving an intermediate key from the shared key; and deriving the first key from the intermediate key. The intermediate used to derive the first key could also be referred to as a first intermediate key. For example, KKMF in FIG. 9 could be considered as an example of the first intermediate key, and Kanchor could be derived from KKMF.
[0210] In some embodiments, there could further be other inputs for generating the first intermediate key. For illustrative purpose, the inputs for generating the first intermediate key could include a name of the first KMF, a random number, or indicating parameters from the authentication server. For example, the inputs for generating KKMF could include a name of the C / M-TW-GW or a random number.
[0211] In some embodiments, there are a plurality of algorithms that could be used for generating the first key and / or generating the first intermediate key. The first KMF could further select an algorithm for generating the first key or an algorithm for generating the first intermediate key from these algorithms.
[0212] In some implementations, the method 500 further include at least one of steps S506 to S518.
[0213] At S506, the first KMF transmits a second message to a second KMF. Correspondingly, the second KMF receives the second message.
[0214] The second message includes the first key, and an ID of the first key.
[0215] In some implementations, intermediate keys and terminal keys involved in a key hierarchy, such as Kanchor, KRBhandler, KC / M-session-int, KC / M-session-enc, and KC / M-RB-int, are generated by using a same algorithm. In this scenario, the second message could further include an ID of an algorithm for generating terminal keys.
[0216] In an embodiment, algorithm #1 and algorithm #2 could be used to generate Kanchor, KRBhandler, KC / M-session-int, KC / M-session-enc, KC / M-RB-int and KC / M-RB-enc. The algorithm #1 and the algorithm #2 could be configured to the first KMF and the second KMF. For example, when the first KMF selects algorithm #1 to generate Kanchor, the second message includes an ID of the algorithm #1. The algorithm #1 could be considered as an example of the algorithm for generating terminal keys.
[0217] In some implementations, intermediate keys and terminal keys involved in a key hierarchy, such as Kanchor, KC / M-session-int, KC / M-session-enc, and KC / M-RB-int, are generated by different algorithms. In this scenario, the second message could further include an ID of an algorithm for generating the first key.
[0218] In an embodiment, algorithm #3 to algorithm #5 could be used to generate Kanchor, and algorithm #6 to algorithm #8 could be used to generate session keys. The algorithm #3 to the algorithm #5 could be configured to the first KMF, and the algorithm #6 to the algorithm #8 could be configured to the second KMF. For example, when the first KMF determines to generate Kanchor according to the algorithm #3, the second message includes an ID of the algorithm #3. The algorithm #3 could be considered as an example of the algorithm for generating the first key.
[0219] The second KMF could be configured to generate a second key based on the first key. The second key could be used for a protection of a communication between the device and the first network function. For illustrative purpose, the KMF-Session mentioned in FIG. 8 could be taken as an example of the second KMF. In some implementations, the second KMF could be a network function that integrates the KMF-Session.
[0220] At S508, the second KMF generates a second key based on the second message.
[0221] In some implementations, the second key could include at least one of: a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the first network function with an encryption algorithm, or a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the first network function with an integrity algorithm.
[0222] For illustrative purpose, C / M-TW-GW / Data-TW-GW could be taken as an example of the first network function. Correspondingly, session keys used for protection on a session between the device and the C / M-TW-GW / Data-TW-GW could be taken as examples of the second key. For example, the second key may include one or more of: KC / M-session-int, KC / M-session-enc, Kdata-session-int, or Kdata-session-enc.
[0223] In some embodiments, the second message further includes an ID of an algorithm for generating terminal keys when intermediate keys and terminal keys involved in the key hierarchy are generated by using a same algorithm. In this scenario, the second KMF could derive the second key from the first key using the algorithm indicated by the second message.
[0224] In some embodiments, the second message further includes an ID of an algorithm for generating the first key when intermediate keys and terminal keys involved in the key hierarchy are generated by different algorithms. In this scenario, the second KMF could determine an algorithm for generating the second key based on the ID of the algorithm for generating the first key.
[0225] At S510, the second KMF transmits a third message to the first network function. Correspondingly, the first network function receives the third message.
[0226] The third message includes the second key and a security context for the first network function. The security context for the first network function could include an ID of the first key. The ID of the first key could make it possible for the device and the first network function to identify the security context without invoking an authentication procedure.
[0227] In some implementations, since the second key could include a key for protection of the communication between the device and the first network function with an encryption algorithm and / or a key for protection of the communication between the device and the first network function with an integrity algorithm, the security context for the first network function could include at least one of: an ID of an encryption algorithm used for communication encryption between the user device and the first network function, or an ID of an integrity algorithm used for communication integrity between the user device and the first network function.
[0228] The first network function could protect its communication with the device according to the second key. The first network function could keep or maintain its security context.
[0229] In some implementations, the first network function transmits a first request for refreshing the second key. Correspondingly, the second KMF receives the first request. Moreover, the second KMF could refresh the second key based on the first request. The first request could include factors for key refreshing. For example, factors could be an input for deriving terminal keys (e.g. RB keys) .
[0230] At S512, the second KMF generates a third key based on the second message.
[0231] The third key is used to generate a fourth key that is used for protection of a communication between the device and a second network function. In other words, the third key could be an intermediate key.
[0232] The second network function is a network function that is connected to the first network function and the device is capable to connect. For illustrative purpose, the RB handler in FIG. 8 could be taken as an example of the second network function. Correspondingly, the RB keys could be taken as examples of the fourth key, and RB handler’s keys used to derive the RB keys could be taken as examples of the third key.
[0233] At S514, the second KMF transmits a fourth message to a third KMF. Correspondingly, the third KMF receives the fourth message.
[0234] The fourth message includes the third key, and an ID of the first key.
[0235] In some implementations, intermediate keys and terminal keys involved in a key hierarchy, such as Kanchor, KRBhandler, KC / M-RB-int, KC / M-RB-enc, and Kdata-RB-int, are generated by using a same algorithm. In this scenario, the fourth message could further include an ID of an algorithm for generating terminal keys.
[0236] In an embodiment, algorithm #1 and algorithm #2 could be used to generate Kanchor, KRBhandler, KC / M-session-int, KC / M-session-enc, KC / M-RB-int and KC / M-RB-enc. For example, when the second KMF selects the algorithm #1 to generate KRBhandler, the fourth message includes an ID of the algorithm #1. The algorithm #1 could be taken as an example of the algorithm for generating terminal keys.
[0237] In some implementations, intermediate keys and terminal keys involved in a key hierarchy, such as Kanchor, KRBhandler, KC / M-RB-int, KC / M-RB-enc, and Kdata-RB-int, are generated by different algorithms. In this scenario, the fourth message could further include an ID of an algorithm for generating the third key.
[0238] In an embodiment, algorithm #9 to algorithm #11 could be used to generate KRBhandler, and algorithm #12 to algorithm #14 could be used to generate RB keys. The algorithm #9 to the algorithm #11 could be configured to the second KMF, and the algorithm #12 to the algorithm #14 could be configured to the third KMF. For example, when the second KMF determines to generate KRBhandler according to the algorithm #9, the fourth message includes an ID of the algorithm #9. The algorithm #9 could be considered as an example of the algorithm for generating the third key.
[0239] The third KMF could be configured to generate the fourth key. For illustrative purpose, the KMF-RB in FIG. 8 could be taken as an example of the third KMF. In some implementations, the third KMF could be a network function that integrates the KMF-RB.
[0240] In some implementations, the first KMF, the second KMF and the third KMF could be different KMF. In other words, the first KMF, the second KMF and the third KMF could be distributed among different network functions.
[0241] In some implementations, the first KMF, the second KMF and the third KMF could be a same KMF. In other words, the first KMF, the second KMF and the third KMF could be integrated in a same network function.
[0242] At S516, the third KMF generates a fourth key based on the fourth message.
[0243] In some implementations, the fourth key could include at least one of: a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the second network function with an encryption algorithm, or a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the second network function with an integrity algorithm.
[0244] For illustrative purpose, the RB handler in FIG. 8 could be taken as an example of the second network function. For example, the fourth key may include one or more of: KC / M-RB-int, KC / M-RB-enc, Kdata-RB-int or Kdata-RB-enc.
[0245] In some embodiments, the fourth message further includes an ID of an algorithm for generating terminal keys when intermediate keys and terminal keys involved in the key hierarchy are generated by using a same algorithm. In this scenario, the third KMF could derive the fourth key from the third key using the algorithm indicated by the fourth message.
[0246] In some embodiments, the fourth message further includes an ID of the algorithm for generating the third key when intermediate keys and terminal keys involved in the key hierarchy are generated by different algorithms. In this scenario, the third KMF could determine an algorithm for generating the fourth key based on the ID of the algorithm for generating the third key.
[0247] At S518, the third KMF transmits a fifth message to a second network function. Correspondingly, the second network function receives the fifth message.
[0248] The fifth message includes the fourth key and a security context for the second network function. The security context for the second network function could include an ID of the first key. The ID of the first key could make it possible for the device and the second network function to identify the security context without invoking an authentication procedure.
[0249] In some implementations, since the fourth key could include a key for protection of the communication between the device and the second network function with an encryption algorithm and / or a key for protection of the communication between the device and the second network function with an integrity algorithm, the security context for the second network function could include at least one of: an ID of an encryption algorithm used for communication encryption between the user device and the second network function, or an ID of an integrity algorithm used for communication integrity between the user device and the second network function.
[0250] The second network function could protect its communication with the device according to the fourth key. The second network function could keep or maintain its security context.
[0251] In some implementations, the second network function transmits a second request for refreshing the fourth key. Correspondingly, the third KMF receives the second request. Moreover, the third KMF could refresh the fourth key based on the second request. The second request could include factors for key refreshing.
[0252] For illustrative purpose, FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of a method 600 according to some embodiments of the present application. FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a call flow of key generation and key configuration. As shown in FIG. 11, a C / M-TW-GW is taken as an example of the first network function, an RB handler is taken as an example of the second network function, a KMF-Anchor is taken as an example of the first KMF, a KMF-Session is taken as an example of the second KMF, and a KMF-RB is taken as an example of the third KMF.
[0253] At S601, an authentication server or a C / M-TW-GW transmits a message 1 to a KMF-Anchor.
[0254] The message 1 may include a device’s ID, an ID of the C / M-TW-GW and an EMSK.
[0255] In an embodiment, a key generation and key configuration procedure may be triggered by an authentication server. After a successful authentication, the authentication server sends the message 1 to the KMF-Anchor.
[0256] In another embodiment, the key generation and key configuration procedure may be triggered by the C / M-TW-GW.The C / M-TW-GW transmits the message 1 to the KMF-Anchor.
[0257] The message 1 could be taken as an example of the first message in the method 500.
[0258] At S602, the KMF-Anchor generates an anchor key.
[0259] The KMF-Anchor selects algorithm (s) for generating the following keys: KKMF and Kanchor. KKMF and Kanchor could be generated by using a same algorithm or using different algorithms. The KMF-Anchor could generate KKMF and Kanchor based on the selected algorithm (s) .
[0260] Furthermore, the KMF-Anchor could set an ID of the Kanchor. In other words, the KMF-Anchor could determine a 6gKSI.
[0261] At S603, the KMF-Anchor transmits a message 3 to the KMF-Session.
[0262] In an embodiment, a plurality of keys involved in a key hierarchy could be generated by a same algorithm. These keys involved in the key hierarchy includes the anchor key and other keys, such as KKMF, KC / M-session-int, KC / M-session-enc, and KC / M-RB-int.
[0263] In another embodiment, keys involved in a key hierarchy could be generated by different algorithms.
[0264] The message 3 may include the anchor key, the 6gKSI, a type and an identity of an algorithm used to generate Kanchor.
[0265] The message 3 could be taken as an example of the second message in the method 500.
[0266] At S604, the KMF-Session generates C / M session keys.
[0267] The KMF-Session could derive KC / M-session-int and KC / M-session-enc from the Kanchor. Moreover, the KMF-Session could set device security capability. In other words, the KMF-Session could determine an ID of a particular integrity algorithm related to KC / M-session-int and an ID of a particular encryption algorithm related to KC / M-session-enc. The KMF-Session could set security context for the C / M-TW-GW, and the security context for the C / M-TW-GW at least includes the device security capability.
[0268] In some embodiments, the security context for the C / M-TW-GW may include the 6gKSI.
[0269] At S605, the KMF-Session transmits a message 5 to the C / M-TW-GW.
[0270] The message 5 may include the C / M session keys, the 6gKSI and the security context for the C / M-TW-GW.
[0271] The message 5 could be taken as an example of the third message in the method 500.
[0272] At S606, the C / M-TW-GW transmits a message 6 to the KMF-Session.
[0273] After receiving the message 5, the C / M-TW-GW keeps or maintains the C / M session keys and the 6gKSI. The C / M-TW-GW could keep or maintain the security context included in the message 5.
[0274] The message 6 may include parameters for session keys refreshing. The message 6 could be taken as an example of the first request in the method 500.
[0275] At S607, the KMF-Session generates a key for an RB handler.
[0276] The KMF-Session could derive KRBhandler from Kanchor.
[0277] At S608, the KMF-Session transmits a message 8 to the KMF-RB.
[0278] The message 8 may include the key for the RB handler, 6gKSI, a type and an identity of an algorithm used to generate the KRBhandler.
[0279] The message 8 could be taken as an example of the fourth message in the method 500.
[0280] At S609, the KMF-RB generates C / M RB keys.
[0281] The KMF-RB could derive KC / M-RB-int and KC / M-RB-enc from the KRBhandle. Moreover, the KMF-RB could set device security capability. In other words, the KMF-RB could determine an ID of a particular integrity algorithm related to KC / M-RB-int and an ID of a particular encryption algorithm related to KC / M-RB-enc. The KMF-RB could set security context for the C / M-TW-GW, and the security context for the RB handler at least includes the device security capability.
[0282] In some embodiments, the security context for the RB handler may include the 6gKSI.
[0283] At S610, the KMF-RB transmits a message 10 to the RB handler.
[0284] The message 10 may include the C / M RB keys, the 6gKSI and the security context for the RB handler.
[0285] The message 10 could be taken as an example of the fifth message in the method 500.
[0286] At S611, the RB handler transmits a message 11 to the KMF-RB.
[0287] After receiving the message 10, the RB handler keeps or maintains the C / M RB keys and the 6gKSI. The RB handler could keep or maintain the security context included in the message 10. The message 11 could include parameters for RB keys refreshing. The message 11 could be taken as an example of the second request in the method 500.
[0288] In an embodiment, for a call flow of a procedure of key generation and key configuration, the details may be as follows:
[0289] 1) A key generation and key configuration procedure may be trigged by an authentication server, or a C / M-TW- GW.After a successful authentication, the authentication server sends a message1 to a KMF-Anchor. This message1 may include a device’s ID, an ID of a C / M-TW-GW, EMSK. In some embodiments, this is trigged by a C / M-TW-GW. A C / M-TW-GW sends a message1 to a KMF-Anchor. This message1 may include a device’s ID, an ID of a C / M-TW-GW, EMSK.
[0290] The message 1 could be taken as an example of the first message in the method 500.
[0291] 2) The KMF-Anchor implements the following actions:
[0292] - Select algorithms for generating the following keys, and set a 6gKSI
[0293] - Generate KKMF.
[0294] - Generate an anchor key.
[0295] 3) The KMF-Anchor sends a message3 to a KMF-Session.
[0296] The message 3 could be taken as an example of the second message in the method 500.
[0297] 4) The KMF-Session implements the following actions:
[0298] - Set a device security capability
[0299] - Generate C / M session keys
[0300] - Set security contexts for a C / M-TW-GW.
[0301] 5) The KMF-Session sends a message5 to a C / M-TW-GW.
[0302] The message 5 could be taken as an example of the third message in the method 500.
[0303] 6) The C / M-TW-GW keeps the session keys and the 6gKSI. The C / M-TW-GW may keep security contexts. Then the C / M-TW-GW sends a message 6 to the KMF-Session.
[0304] The message 6 could be taken as an example of the first request in the method 500.
[0305] 7) The KMF-Session generates a key for RB handler.
[0306] 8) The KMF-Session sends a message 8 to a KMF-RB.
[0307] The message 8 could be taken as an example of the fourth message in the method 500.
[0308] 9) The KMF-RB implements the following actions:
[0309] - Set a device security capability
[0310] - Generate C / M RB keys
[0311] - Set security contexts for an RB handler.
[0312] 10) The KMF-RB sends a message 10 to an RB handler.
[0313] The message 10 could be taken as an example of the fifth message in the method 500.
[0314] 11) The RB handler keeps the session keys and the 6gKSI. The RB handler may keep security contexts. Then the RB handler sends a message11 to the KMF-RB.
[0315] In some embodiments, a device security capability may be configured to the RB handler or the C / M-TW-GW after the key generation and key configuration procedure. It could be happened in a procedure of security activation on communications between the device and the RB handler, or between the device and the C / M-TW-GW.
[0316] In some embodiments, a security context should be configured to the device by the KMF-RB or the KMF-Session. The security context may include a device security capability, 6gKSI, a type and an ID of algorithm (s) for generating an anchor key, session keys and RB keys. After receiving it, the device could generate the anchor key, the corresponding session keys and RB keys using the received algorithm (s) .
[0317] This embodiment provides details of how to generate keys and configure keys under the architecture of key management.
[0318] In the present application, a key management architecture is designed. The basic concepts are (1) Decouple network service operation with security management; (2) Decouple network service operation with key management. We use KMF to maintain security contexts and keys (thus it reduces overhead) , and to generate session keys / RB keys (thus, NFs do not keep keys information) .
[0319] Moreover, a key derivation framework based on the key management architecture is designed. In this framework, keys for data session are generated to protect data sessions and KKMF is introduced to enhance the security of key generation.
[0320] Details about key generation and key configuration are provided, we want to claim messages among these functions.
[0321] According to these above-mentioned technical solutions, it could bring some benefits.
[0322] 1) For overhead
[0323] A KMF maintains security contexts and activates security protection on communications on the device and the network, while NFs in 3GPP 33.501 maintaining security contexts. Compared to prior arts, it could reduce overhead caused by NFs maintaining security contexts.
[0324] A KMF generates session keys, and RB keys. Thus, NFs do not keep key information (e.g. algorithms for key generation, parameters or inputs (e.g. intermediate keys) for key generation. Compared to prior arts, it could reduce overhead caused by NFs maintaining keys information.
[0325] In prior arts, updating intermediate keys may have key information exchange among related NFs. In our invention, a KMF refreshes intermediate keys by itself. This could reduce extra communication overhead compared to prior arts.
[0326] 2) For scalability
[0327] Easy for network functions (e.g., Data-TW-GW) joining in the system.
[0328] The method proposed in embodiments of the present application is described in detail above, and a communication apparatus provided by the present application will be described in detail below.
[0329] FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus 10 according to some embodiments of the present application. The communication apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus applied to the communication device and capable of realizing corresponding functions of any one of the network functions in the embodiments of the present application, for example, the apparatus may be a chip, a chip system or a circuit, which is not limited. The communication device may be a first KMF, a second KMF, a third KMF, a first network function or a second network function, or the chip installed in any one of these network functions.
[0330] The communication apparatus 10 includes a processing module 11. The processing module 11 may be a processor, a processing circuit, a processing board, a processing unit, or a processing device, et al. The processing module 11 is configured to implement processing and / or operations implemented inside the communication apparatus except sending the receiving actions.
[0331] The communication apparatus 10 may further include a communication module 12. The communication unit 12 is configured to implement a sending action and / or a receiving action. The communication module 12 also may be called a transceiver module, a transceiver, or a transceiver device, et al, and is configured to implement operations of receiving (which may be referred to as inputting) and / or sending (which may be referred to as an outputting) .
[0332] For example, if the communication apparatus 10 corresponds to the first KMF in FIG. 10, the communication module 12 could be configured to receive the first message. The communication module 12 could be configured to transmit the second message to the second KMF.
[0333] For another example, if the communication apparatus 10 corresponds to the second KMF in FIG. 10, the communication module 12 could be configured to receive the second message from the first KMF. The communication module 12 could be configured to transmit the third message to the first network function.
[0334] For still another example, if the communication apparatus 10 corresponds to the third KMF in FIG. 10, the communication module 12 could be configured to receive the fourth message from the second KMF.
[0335] For still another example, if the communication apparatus 10 corresponds to the first network function in FIG. 10, the communication module 12 could be configured to receive the third message from the second KMF.
[0336] For still another example, if the communication apparatus 10 corresponds to the second network function in FIG. 5, the communication module 12 could be configured to receive the fifth message from the third KMF.
[0337] Briefly, the operations and / or functions of the apparatus 10 are intended to implement corresponding steps of the foregoing method embodiments.
[0338] FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication apparatus 20 includes at least one processor 21. The at least one processor 21 is coupled to at least one memory 22. The at least one memory 22 is configured to store one or more instructions and / or executable computer code. The at least one processor 21 is configured to invoke the one or more instructions and / or executable computer code, so that the communication apparatus 20 implements the method provided in the embodiments of the present application. Optionally, the communication apparatus 20 may further include the at least one memory 22. Optionally, the communication apparatus 20 may further include at least one communication interface 23, and the at least one communication interface 23 is configured to input and / or output information or data.
[0339] In an implementation, the communication apparatus 20 may be any one of the network functions in the method embodiments. For example, the communication apparatus 20 may be a first KMF, a second KMF, a third KMF, a first network function or a second network function. In this implementation, the processor 21 may be a baseband apparatus, and the communication interface 23 may be a radio frequency apparatus.
[0340] In another implementation, the communication apparatus 20 may be a chip (or a chip system) installed at a communication device such as the first KMF, the second KMF, the third KMF, the first network function or the second network function. In this implementation, the processor 21 may be a circuit, for example, a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. The communication interface 23 may be a transceiver, an interface circuit, an input / output interface, a bus, a module, a pin, or other types of interfaces.
[0341] An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system. The communication system may include any one of communication apparatuses according to any one of the method embodiments. For example, the communication system may include one or more of the following network functions: a first KMF, a second KMF, a third KMF, a first network function or a second network function. The communication system may further include a device (e.g., a UE) or other network functions, which is not limited.
[0342] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer storage medium, and the computer storage medium may store one or more instructions for executing any of the foregoing methods.
[0343] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, and the computer program product may store one or more instructions for executing any of the foregoing methods.
[0344] In the embodiments of this application, “and / or” describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists. The character “ / ” generally indicates an “or” relationship between the associated objects. “At least one” means one or more. “At least one of A and B” , similar to “A and / or B” , describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, at least one of A and B may represent the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists.
[0345] Besides, the use of a singular form of “a” , “an” and “the” in the embodiments of the present application and the claims appended hereto is also intended to include a plural form, unless otherwise clearly indicated herein by context.
[0346] A person of ordinary skill in the art will be aware that, in combination with the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and algorithm steps may be implemented by using electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by using hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the embodiment goes beyond the scope of this application.
[0347] It would be understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenience and brevity, in a detailed working process of the foregoing system, apparatus, and unit, reference may be made to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
[0348] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, the unit division is a logical function division and other methods of division may be used in an actual embodiment. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented using various communication interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.
[0349] In addition, function units in the embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0350] When the functions are implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, the functions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The technical solutions of this application may be implemented in the form of a software product. The software product is stored in a storage medium, and includes several instructions for instructing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like) to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of this application. The foregoing storage medium includes any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disc or the like.
[0351] The units described as separate parts may be or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may be or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on actual requirements to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments. In addition, functional units in the embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
[0352] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of this application, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1.A method for communication, performed by a first key management function (KMF) , comprising:receiving a first message, wherein the first message comprises an identifier of a device and a shared key that is known by the device, and the first message further indicates a name or an identifier of a first network function;generating a first key based on the first message, wherein the first key is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between the device and the first network function; andtransmitting a second message to a second KMF, wherein the second message comprises the first key, an identifier of the first key, and an identifier of an algorithm for generating the first key or identifier of an algorithm for generating terminal keys; wherein the first key is used to generate a second key, and the second key comprises a terminal key that is used for a protection of a communication between the device and the first network function.2.The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the generating a first key based on the first message, comprises:deriving an intermediate key from the shared key and at least one of: a name of the first KMF or a random number; andderiving the first key from the intermediate key.3.The communication method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:determining the algorithm for generating the first key or the algorithm for generating the terminal keys, from a plurality of algorithms.4.The communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second key comprises one or more of:a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the first network function with an encryption algorithm; ora terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the first network function with an integrity algorithm.5.A method for communication, performed by a second KMF, comprising:receiving a second message from a first KMF, wherein the second message comprises a first key, an identifier of the first key, and an identifier (ID) of an algorithm for generating the first key or an identifier of an algorithm for generating terminal keys, wherein the first key is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between a device and a first network function;generating a second key based on the second message, wherein the second key is used for a protection of a communication between the device and the first network function; andtransmitting a third message to the first network function, wherein the third message comprises the second key and a security context for the first network function.6.The communication method according to claim 5, further comprising:generating a third key based on the second message, wherein the third key is used to generate a fourth key that is used for a protection of a communication between the device and a second network function; andtransmitting a fourth message to a third KMF, wherein the third KMF is configured to generate the fourth key, and the fourth message comprises the ID of the first key, the third key, and an algorithm for generating the third key or an identifier of an algorithm for generating terminal keys.7.The communication method according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising:receiving a first request for refreshing the second key, wherein the first request comprises a factor for refreshing the second key; andrefreshing the second key based on the first request.8.The communication method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the security context for the first network function comprises the ID of the first key.9.The communication method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the security context for the first network function comprises one or more of:an ID of an encryption algorithm used for communication encryption between the device and the first network function; or,an ID of an integrity algorithm used for communication integrity between the device and the first network function.10.The communication method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the second key comprises one or more of:a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the first network function with an encryption algorithm; ora terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the first network function with an integrity algorithm.11.A method for communication, performed by a third KMF, comprising:receiving a fourth message from a second KMF, wherein the fourth message comprises an ID of a first key, a third key, and an ID of an algorithm for generating the third key or an ID of an algorithm for generating terminal keys, wherein the first key is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between a device and a first network function;generating a fourth key based on the fourth message, wherein the fourth key comprises a terminal key that is used for a protection of a communication between the device and a second network function; andtransmitting a fifth message to the second network function, wherein the fifth message comprises the fourth key and a security context for the second network function.12.The communication method according to claim 11, wherein the security context for the second network function comprises the ID of the first key.13.The communication method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the security context for the second network function comprises one or more of:an ID of an encryption algorithm used for communication encryption between the device and the second network function; oran ID of an integrity algorithm used for communication integrity between the device and the second network function.14.The communication method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the fourth key comprises one or more of:a terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the second network function with an encryption algorithm; ora terminal key used for a protection of the communication between the device and the second network function with an integrity algorithm.15.The communication method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, further comprising:receiving a second request for refreshing the fourth key, wherein the second request comprises a factor for refreshing the fourth key; andrefreshing the fourth key based on the second request.16.A method for communication, performed by a first network function, comprising:receiving a third message from a second KMF, wherein the third message comprises a second key and a security context for the first network function, wherein the second key is generated based on a first key that is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between a device and a first network function; andconfiguring the second key based on the security context for the first network function.17.The communication method according to claim 16, further comprising:transmitting a first request for refreshing the second key, wherein the first request comprises a factor for refreshing the second key; andreceiving a sixth message, wherein the sixth message comprises a refreshed second key.18.The communication method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the security context for the first network function comprises an ID of the first key.19.A method for communication, performed by a second network function, comprising:receiving a fifth message from a third KMF, wherein the fifth message comprises a fourth key and a security context for a second network function, wherein the fourth key comprises a terminal key that is used for a protection of a communication between a device and the second network function; andconfiguring the fourth key based on the security context for the second network function.20.The communication method according to claim 19, wherein the security context for the second network function comprises an ID of a first key, wherein the first key is used for determining whether an authentication is needed between the device and a first network function, wherein a communication between the device and the first network function is performed through the second network function.21.The communication method according to claim 19 or 20, further comprising:transmitting a second request for refreshing the fourth key, wherein the second request comprises a factor for refreshing the fourth key; andreceiving a seventh message, wherein the seventh message comprises a refreshed fourth key.22.A communication apparatus, wherein the communication apparatus comprises a processor, the processor is configured to execute one or more instructions stored in a memory, to enable the communication apparatus to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, or the method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, or the method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, or the method according to any one of claims 19 to 21.23.The communication apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the communication apparatus further comprises the memory.24.The communication apparatus according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the communication apparatus comprises a communication interface, and the communication interface is configured to input and / or output information or data.25.A communication apparatus, wherein the communication apparatus comprises a function or unit to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, or the method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, or the method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, or the method according to any one of claims 19 to 21.26.A communication apparatus, wherein the communication apparatus comprises a circuit and a communication interface, the communication interface is configured to receive information and / or data that is to be processed by the circuit, and transmit the information and / or data to the circuit; and the circuit is configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, or the method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, or the method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, or the method according to any one of claims 19 to 21.27.The communication apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the communication interface is further configured to output information and / or data processed by the circuit.28.A communication system, comprising one or more communication apparatuses of:a communication apparatus that performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5;a communication apparatus that performs the method according to any one of claims 6 to 10;a communication apparatus that performs the method according to any one of claims 11 to 15;a communication apparatus that performs the method according to any one of claims 16 to 18; anda communication apparatus that performs the method according to claim 19 to 21.29.A computer readable storage medium, comprising one or more instructions, wherein when the one or more instructions are run on a computer, the computer implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, or the method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, or the method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, or the method according to any one of claims 19 to 21.30.A computer program product, comprising one or more instructions, wherein when the one or more instructions are run on a computer, the computer implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, or the method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, or the method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, or the method according to any one of claims 19 to 21.
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