Data transmission method for optical communication, and related apparatus

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method for optical communication, and a related apparatus, which solve the problem in the art that a transmission symbol sequence cannot be applied to scenarios where rates are at least 800 Gbps. Specifically, a sending end acquires a super-frame comprising a plurality of sub-frames, the sub-frames comprising pilot symbols, wherein in a polarization direction, the number NPS of pilot symbols in the sub-frames is an even number greater than 0; each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers, i.e., -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A being a real number; every consecutive NPG symbols in the sub-frames comprise a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, NPG being 96 or 128; the super-frame comprises a first-type sub-frame; the first-type sub-frame further comprises NFAW frame synchronization symbols; and each frame synchronization symbol is one of four complex numbers, i.e., -AFAW-AFAWj, -AFAW+AFAWj, AFAW-AFAWj and AFAW+AFAWj, AFAW being a real number, and NFAW being an even number. Further, the sending end sends the super-frame. It can be seen that in the sub-frames, intervals in which the pilot symbols are inserted are enlarged, thus reducing the redundancy.

Description

A data transmission method and related device for optical communication

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on September 28, 2023, with application number 202311294873.3 and invention name “A data transmission method and related device for optical communication”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of optical communications, and in particular to a data transmission method and related devices for optical communications. Background Art

[0003] Driven by 5G, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, high-speed optical transmission networks are developing towards high capacity, packetization, and intelligence. Coherent optical communication systems utilize the amplitude, phase, polarization, and frequency of light waves to carry information. To combat optical signal distortion caused by dispersion, polarization-related impairments, noise, nonlinear effects, and other factors during transmission and maintain long-distance transmission, coherent optical communication systems typically incorporate a number of designed fixed symbol sequences into the transmitted symbol sequence to facilitate recovery of the transmitted symbols at the receiving end.

[0004] The existing transmission symbol sequence is mainly used in 400Gbps or 800Gbps scenarios, and cannot adapt to future scenarios above 800Gbps (including 1.2Tbps, 1.6Tbps, etc.), and the transmission redundancy is large.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method and related devices for optical communication, which solve the problem that the transmission symbol sequence of the prior art cannot be applied to scenarios above 800Gbps.

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transmission method for optical communication, which is applied to a transmitting end. Specifically, the transmitting end obtains a superframe including multiple subframes, and the subframe includes pilot symbols. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in the subframe is N. PS It is an even number greater than 0. Each pilot symbol is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj. A is a real number. Each consecutive N in the subframe PG The symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, N PG is 96 or 128, the superframe includes a first-type subframe, and the first-type subframe also includes N FAW frame synchronization symbols, each frame synchronization symbol is -A FAW -A FAW j, -AFAW +A FAW j.A FAW -A FAW j and A FAW +A FAW One of the four plural forms of j, A FAW is a real number, N FAW is an even number. Then, the transmitting end sends a superframe. It should be noted that the method can also be applied to a specific module in the transmitting end, for example, a signal processor in the transmitting end. It should be understood that the module obtaining the superframe can be understood as the superframe generated by the module itself, or it can be understood as the module receiving the superframe sent from its preceding module. It should also be understood that the module sending the superframe can be understood as the module sending the superframe to the receiving end through the channel, or it can be understood as the module sending the superframe to its succeeding module. In this embodiment, every 96 or 128 consecutive symbols in the subframe include a pilot symbol. It can be seen that the interval for inserting the pilot symbol in the subframe is larger, which reduces redundancy.

[0008] In some possible implementations, within a subframe, a pilot symbol sequence comprising multiple pilot symbols in a first polarization direction is different from a pilot symbol sequence comprising multiple pilot symbols in a second polarization direction, thereby avoiding the problem of a receiver being unable to distinguish between the two polarization directions during actual transmission. The first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0009] In some possible implementations, in a subframe, the sum of the real parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, so that DC balance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality. FAW The sum of the real parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0. FAW The sum of the imaginary parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0, so that DC balance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0010] In some possible implementations, in a subframe, the number of pilot symbols in one polarization direction whose values ​​are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction is close to balance.

[0011] In some possible embodiments, in a subframe, the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj in the two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj in the two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj in the two polarization directions, and the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj in the two polarization directions are the same, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols in the two polarization directions.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the starting position of the first type of subframe is a pilot symbol, so that the arrangement of the pilot symbols is more conducive to standardization.

[0013] In some possible implementations, N FAW The consecutive frame synchronization symbols are arranged starting from the last bit of the pilot symbol in the first type of subframe, so that the structure of the subframe is more neat.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the first type of subframe also includes reserved symbols and pre-framing symbols. In the first type of subframe, the frame synchronization symbol is located before the reserved symbol, and the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol, which enriches the functional implementation of the first type of subframe.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the superframe includes at least one second-type subframe, and the second-type subframe further includes a pre-framing symbol.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the number of pre-framing symbols in a superframe is N. CW , the total number of symbols in the superframe is N F , N PG 、N CW and N F The corresponding relationship between them is one of the following:

[0017] N PG =128, N CW =172032,N F =173440 or 173568 or 173696 or 173824 or 173952 or 174080;

[0018] N PG =128, N CW =344064, N F =346880 or 347136 or 347392 or 347520 or 347648 or 347776 or 347904 or 348160;

[0019] N PG =128, N CW =516096, N F=520192 or 520320 or 520448 or 520576 or 520704 or 520832 or 520960 or 521088 or 521472 or 521600 or 521856 or 522240;

[0020] N PG =128, N CW =688128,N F =693760 or 693888 or 694144 or 694272 or 694400 or 694656 or 694784 or 694912 or 695040 or 695296 or 695552 or 695808 or 696192 or 696320;

[0021] N PG =128, N CW =150528,N F =152064 or 152192 or 152320;

[0022] N PG =128, N CW =129024,N F =130176 or 130560;

[0023] N PG =128, N CW =107520,N F =108416 or 108544 or 108672 or 108800;

[0024] N PG =128, N CW =175616, N F =177152 or 177280 or 177408 or 177536 or 177664;

[0025] N PG =128, N CW =351232, N F =354304 or 354432 or 354560 or 354688 or 354816 or 354944 or 355072 or 355200 or 355328;

[0026] N PG =128, N CW =526848,N F =531200 or 531456 or 531712 or 531840 or 532224 or 532480 or 532608 or 532864 or 532992 or 533120;

[0027] N PG =128, N CW =702464, N F =708096 or 708224 or 708480 or 708608 or 708736 or 708864 or 708992 or 709120 or 709376 or 709504 or 709632 or 709888 or 710016 or 710144 or 710272 or 710400 or 710528 or 710656;

[0028] N PG =96, N CW =172032,N F =173952 or 174048 or 174240 or 174336 or 174432 or 174528;

[0029] N PG =96, N CW =344064, N F =347904 or 348000 or 348096 or 348192 or 348384 or 348480 or 348672 or 348768 or 348864 or 349056;

[0030] N PG =96, N CW =516096, N F =521664 or 521856 or 522144 or 522240 or 522720 or 522816 or 523008 or 523200 or 523296 or 523393 or 523488 or 523584 or 523776;

[0031] N PG =96, N CW =688128,N F =695520 or 695808 or 695904 or 696000 or 696192 or 696384 or 696672 or 696768 or 696864 or 696960 or 697056 or 697248 or 697344 or 697536 or 697632 or 697728 or 698112 or 698400;

[0032] N PG =96, N CW =150528,N F =152160 or 152256 or 152352 or 152448 or 152544 or 152640 or 152736;

[0033] N PG =96, N CW =129024,N F =130464 or 130560 or 130752 or 130848 or 130944;

[0034] N PG =96, N CW =107520,N F =108768 or 108864 or 108960 or 109056;

[0035] N PG =96, N CW =175616, N F =177504 or 177600 or 177888 or 177984 or 178080 or 178176;

[0036] N PG =96, N CW =351232, N F =355008 or 355104 or 355200 or 355488 or 355680 or 355776 or 355872 or 355968 or 356160 or 356352 or 356448;

[0037] N PG =96, N CW =526848,N F =532416 or 532512 or 532608 or 532704 or 532800 or 532896 or 532992 or 533280 or 533376 or 533568 or 533664 or 533760 or 533856 or 533952 or 534144 or 534240 or 534336 or 534432 or 534528;

[0038] N PG =96, N CW =702464, N F =709920 or 710016 or 710112 or 710208 or 710304 or 710400 or 710688 or 710784 or 710976 or 711168 or 711264 or 711360 or 711552 or 711648 or 711744 or 711936 or 712320 or 712416 or 712704 or 712800 or 712896.

[0039] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), with A = -1 or 1. Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 16QAM, with A = -1, 1, -3, 3, or Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 64QAM, A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -5, 5, -7 or 7.

[0040] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method for optical communication, which is applied to a receiving end. Specifically, the receiving end receives a superframe including multiple subframes, and the subframe includes pilot symbols. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in the subframe is N. PS is an even number greater than 0, each pilot symbol is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, and A is a real number. PG The symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, N PG is 96 or 128. The superframe includes a first-type subframe, and the first-type subframe also includes N FAW frame synchronization symbols, each frame synchronization symbol is -A FAW -A FAW j, -A FAW +A FAW j.A FAW -A FAW j and A FAW +A FAW One of the four plural forms of j, A FAW is a real number, N FAW is an even number. Then, the receiving end decodes the superframe.

[0041] In some possible implementations, within a subframe, a pilot symbol sequence comprising multiple pilot symbols in a first polarization direction is different from a pilot symbol sequence comprising multiple pilot symbols in a second polarization direction, thereby avoiding the problem of a receiver being unable to distinguish between the two polarization directions during actual transmission. The first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0042] In some possible implementations, in a subframe, the sum of the real parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, so that DC balance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality. FAWThe sum of the real parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0. FAW The sum of the imaginary parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0, so that DC balance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0043] In some possible implementations, in a subframe, the number of pilot symbols in one polarization direction whose values ​​are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction is close to balance.

[0044] In some possible embodiments, in a subframe, the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj in the two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj in the two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj in the two polarization directions, and the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj in the two polarization directions are the same, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols in the two polarization directions.

[0045] In some possible implementations, the starting position of the first type of subframe is a pilot symbol, so that the arrangement of the pilot symbols is more conducive to standardization.

[0046] In some possible implementations, N FAW The consecutive frame synchronization symbols are arranged starting from the last bit of the pilot symbol in the first type of subframe, so that the structure of the subframe is more neat.

[0047] In some possible implementations, the first type of subframe also includes reserved symbols and pre-framing symbols. In the first type of subframe, the frame synchronization symbol is located before the reserved symbol, and the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol, which enriches the functional implementation of the first type of subframe.

[0048] In some possible implementations, the superframe includes at least one second-type subframe, and the second-type subframe further includes a pre-framing symbol.

[0049] In some possible implementations, the number of pre-framing symbols in a superframe is N. CW , the total number of symbols in the superframe is N F , N PG 、N CW and N F The corresponding relationship between them is one of the following:

[0050] N PG =128, N CW =172032,N F =173440 or 173568 or 173696 or 173824 or 173952 or 174080;

[0051] N PG =128, N CW =344064, N F =346880 or 347136 or 347392 or 347520 or 347648 or 347776 or 347904 or 348160;

[0052] N PG =128, N CW =516096, N F =520192 or 520320 or 520448 or 520576 or 520704 or 520832 or 520960 or 521088 or 521472 or 521600 or 521856 or 522240;

[0053] N PG =128, N CW =688128,N F =693760 or 693888 or 694144 or 694272 or 694400 or 694656 or 694784 or 694912 or 695040 or 695296 or 695552 or 695808 or 696192 or 696320;

[0054] N PG =128, N CW =150528,N F =152064 or 152192 or 152320;

[0055] N PG =128, N CW =129024,N F =130176 or 130560;

[0056] N PG =128, N CW =107520,N F =108416 or 108544 or 108672 or 108800;

[0057] N PG =128, N CW =175616, N F =177152 or 177280 or 177408 or 177536 or 177664;

[0058] N PG =128, N CW =351232, N F=354304 or 354432 or 354560 or 354688 or 354816 or 354944 or 355072 or 355200 or 355328;

[0059] N PG =128, N CW =526848,N F =531200 or 531456 or 531712 or 531840 or 532224 or 532480 or 532608 or 532864 or 532992 or 533120;

[0060] N PG =128, N CW =702464, N F =708096 or 708224 or 708480 or 708608 or 708736 or 708864 or 708992 or 709120 or 709376 or 709504 or 709632 or 709888 or 710016 or 710144 or 710272 or 710400 or 710528 or 710656;

[0061] N PG =96, N CW =172032,N F =173952 or 174048 or 174240 or 174336 or 174432 or 174528;

[0062] N PG =96, N CW =344064, N F =347904 or 348000 or 348096 or 348192 or 348384 or 348480 or 348672 or 348768 or 348864 or 349056;

[0063] N PG =96, N CW =516096, N F =521664 or 521856 or 522144 or 522240 or 522720 or 522816 or 523008 or 523200 or 523296 or 523393 or 523488 or 523584 or 523776;

[0064] N PG =96, N CW =688128,N F=695520 or 695808 or 695904 or 696000 or 696192 or 696384 or 696672 or 696768 or 696864 or 696960 or 697056 or 697248 or 697344 or 697536 or 697632 or 697728 or 698112 or 698400;

[0065] N PG =96, N CW =150528,N F =152160 or 152256 or 152352 or 152448 or 152544 or 152640 or 152736;

[0066] N PG =96, N CW =129024,N F =130464 or 130560 or 130752 or 130848 or 130944;

[0067] N PG =96, N CW =107520,N F =108768 or 108864 or 108960 or 109056;

[0068] N PG =96, N CW =175616, N F =177504 or 177600 or 177888 or 177984 or 178080 or 178176;

[0069] N PG =96, N CW =351232, N F =355008 or 355104 or 355200 or 355488 or 355680 or 355776 or 355872 or 355968 or 356160 or 356352 or 356448;

[0070] N PG =96, N CW =526848,N F =532416 or 532512 or 532608 or 532704 or 532800 or 532896 or 532992 or 533280 or 533376 or 533568 or 533664 or 533760 or 533856 or 533952 or 534144 or 534240 or 534336 or 534432 or 534528;

[0071] N PG =96, N CW =702464, N F =709920 or 710016 or 710112 or 710208 or 710304 or 710400 or 710688 or 710784 or 710976 or 711168 or 711264 or 711360 or 711552 or 711648 or 711744 or 711936 or 712320 or 712416 or 712704 or 712800 or 712896.

[0072] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is quadrature phase shift keying QPSK, with A=-1 or 1. Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 16QAM, with A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 64QAM, A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -5, 5, -7 or 7.

[0073] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip comprising a processor and a memory, the memory and the processor being interconnected via lines, instructions being stored in the memory, and the processor being used to execute the method described in any one of the embodiments of the first and second aspects.

[0074] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device applied to a transmitting end, the data transmission device comprising: a processing unit and a transmitting unit. The processing unit is configured to: obtain a superframe comprising a plurality of subframes, wherein the subframes comprise pilot symbols. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in the subframe is N. PS is an even number greater than 0, each pilot symbol is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, and A is a real number. PG The symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, N PG is 96 or 128. The superframe includes a first-type subframe, and the first-type subframe also includes N FAW frame synchronization symbols, each frame synchronization symbol is -A FAW -A FAW j, -A FAW +A FAW j.A FAW -A FAW j and A FAW +A FAW One of the four plural forms of j, A FAW is a real number, N FAWThe sending unit is used to send a superframe.

[0075] In some possible implementations, within a subframe, a pilot symbol sequence comprising multiple pilot symbols in a first polarization direction is different from a pilot symbol sequence comprising multiple pilot symbols in a second polarization direction, thereby avoiding the problem of a receiver being unable to distinguish between the two polarization directions during actual transmission. The first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0076] In some possible implementations, in a subframe, the sum of the real parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, so that DC balance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality. FAW The sum of the real parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0. FAW The sum of the imaginary parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0, so that DC balance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0077] In some possible implementations, in a subframe, the number of pilot symbols in one polarization direction whose values ​​are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction is close to balance.

[0078] In some possible embodiments, in a subframe, the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj in the two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj in the two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj in the two polarization directions, and the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj in the two polarization directions are the same, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols in the two polarization directions.

[0079] In some possible implementations, the starting position of the first type of subframe is a pilot symbol, so that the arrangement of the pilot symbols is more conducive to standardization.

[0080] In some possible implementations, N FAW The consecutive frame synchronization symbols are arranged starting from the last bit of the pilot symbol in the first type of subframe, making the subframe structure more neat.

[0081] In some possible implementations, the first type of subframe also includes reserved symbols and pre-framing symbols. In the first type of subframe, the frame synchronization symbol is located before the reserved symbol, and the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol, which enriches the functional implementation of the first type of subframe.

[0082] In some possible implementations, the superframe includes at least one second-type subframe, and the second-type subframe further includes a pre-framing symbol.

[0083] In some possible implementations, the number of pre-framing symbols in a superframe is N. CW , the total number of symbols in the superframe is N F , N PG 、N CW and N F The corresponding relationship between them is one of the following:

[0084] N PG =128, N CW =172032,N F =173440 or 173568 or 173696 or 173824 or 173952 or 174080;

[0085] N PG =128, N CW =344064, N F =346880 or 347136 or 347392 or 347520 or 347648 or 347776 or 347904 or 348160;

[0086] N PG =128, N CW =516096, N F =520192 or 520320 or 520448 or 520576 or 520704 or 520832 or 520960 or 521088 or 521472 or 521600 or 521856 or 522240;

[0087] N PG =128, N CW =688128,N F =693760 or 693888 or 694144 or 694272 or 694400 or 694656 or 694784 or 694912 or 695040 or 695296 or 695552 or 695808 or 696192 or 696320;

[0088] N PG =128, N CW =150528,N F =152064 or 152192 or 152320;

[0089] N PG =128, N CW =129024,N F =130176 or 130560;

[0090] N PG =128, N CW =107520,N F =108416 or 108544 or 108672 or 108800;

[0091] N PG =128, N CW =175616, N F =177152 or 177280 or 177408 or 177536 or 177664;

[0092] N PG =128, N CW =351232, N F =354304 or 354432 or 354560 or 354688 or 354816 or 354944 or 355072 or 355200 or 355328;

[0093] N PG =128, N CW =526848,N F =531200 or 531456 or 531712 or 531840 or 532224 or 532480 or 532608 or 532864 or 532992 or 533120;

[0094] N PG =128, N CW =702464, N F =708096 or 708224 or 708480 or 708608 or 708736 or 708864 or 708992 or 709120 or 709376 or 709504 or 709632 or 709888 or 710016 or 710144 or 710272 or 710400 or 710528 or 710656;

[0095] N PG =96, N CW =172032,N F =173952 or 174048 or 174240 or 174336 or 174432 or 174528;

[0096] N PG =96, N CW =344064, N F=347904 or 348000 or 348096 or 348192 or 348384 or 348480 or 348672 or 348768 or 348864 or 349056;

[0097] N PG =96, N CW =516096, N F =521664 or 521856 or 522144 or 522240 or 522720 or 522816 or 523008 or 523200 or 523296 or 523393 or 523488 or 523584 or 523776;

[0098] N PG =96, N CW =688128,N F =695520 or 695808 or 695904 or 696000 or 696192 or 696384 or 696672 or 696768 or 696864 or 696960 or 697056 or 697248 or 697344 or 697536 or 697632 or 697728 or 698112 or 698400;

[0099] N PG =96, N CW =150528,N F =152160 or 152256 or 152352 or 152448 or 152544 or 152640 or 152736;

[0100] N PG =96, N CW =129024,N F =130464 or 130560 or 130752 or 130848 or 130944;

[0101] N PG =96, N CW =107520,N F =108768 or 108864 or 108960 or 109056;

[0102] N PG =96, N CW =175616, N F =177504 or 177600 or 177888 or 177984 or 178080 or 178176;

[0103] N PG =96, N CW =351232, NF =355008 or 355104 or 355200 or 355488 or 355680 or 355776 or 355872 or 355968 or 356160 or 356352 or 356448;

[0104] N PG =96, N CW =526848,N F =532416 or 532512 or 532608 or 532704 or 532800 or 532896 or 532992 or 533280 or 533376 or 533568 or 533664 or 533760 or 533856 or 533952 or 534144 or 534240 or 534336 or 534432 or 534528;

[0105] N PG =96, N CW =702464, N F =709920 or 710016 or 710112 or 710208 or 710304 or 710400 or 710688 or 710784 or 710976 or 711168 or 711264 or 711360 or 711552 or 711648 or 711744 or 711936 or 712320 or 712416 or 712704 or 712800 or 712896.

[0106] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is quadrature phase shift keying QPSK, with A=-1 or 1. Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 16QAM, with A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 64QAM, A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -5, 5, -7 or 7.

[0107] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device applied to a receiving end, the data transmission device comprising: a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit is configured to: receive a superframe comprising a plurality of subframes, wherein the subframes comprise pilot symbols. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in the subframe is N. PS is an even number greater than 0, each pilot symbol is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, and A is a real number. PG The symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, N PGis 96 or 128. The superframe includes a first-type subframe, and the first-type subframe also includes N FAW frame synchronization symbols, each frame synchronization symbol is -A FAW -A FAW j, -A FAW +A FAW j.A FAW -A FAW j and A FAW +A FAW One of the four plural forms of j, A FAW is a real number, N FAW The processing unit is configured to decode the superframe.

[0108] In some possible implementations, within a subframe, a pilot symbol sequence comprising multiple pilot symbols in a first polarization direction is different from a pilot symbol sequence comprising multiple pilot symbols in a second polarization direction, thereby avoiding the problem of a receiver being unable to distinguish between the two polarization directions during actual transmission. The first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0109] In some possible implementations, in a subframe, the sum of the real parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, so that DC balance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality. FAW The sum of the real parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0. FAW The sum of the imaginary parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0, so that DC balance can be achieved, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0110] In some possible implementations, in a subframe, the number of pilot symbols in one polarization direction whose values ​​are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2, effectively ensuring that the number of symbols in each polarization direction is close to balance.

[0111] In some possible embodiments, in a subframe, the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj in the two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj in the two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj in the two polarization directions, and the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj in the two polarization directions are the same, effectively ensuring the balance of the number of symbols in the two polarization directions.

[0112] In some possible implementations, the starting position of the first type of subframe is a pilot symbol, so that the arrangement of the pilot symbols is more conducive to standardization.

[0113] In some possible implementations, N FAW The consecutive frame synchronization symbols are arranged starting from the last bit of the pilot symbol in the first type of subframe, so that the structure of the subframe is more neat.

[0114] In some possible implementations, the first type of subframe also includes reserved symbols and pre-framing symbols. In the first type of subframe, the frame synchronization symbol is located before the reserved symbol, and the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol, which enriches the functional implementation of the first type of subframe.

[0115] In some possible implementations, the superframe includes at least one second-type subframe, and the second-type subframe further includes a pre-framing symbol.

[0116] In some possible implementations, the number of pre-framing symbols in a superframe is N. CW , the total number of symbols in the superframe is N F , N PG 、N CW and N F The corresponding relationship between them is one of the following:

[0117] N PG =128, N CW =172032,N F =173440 or 173568 or 173696 or 173824 or 173952 or 174080;

[0118] N PG =128, N CW =344064, N F =346880 or 347136 or 347392 or 347520 or 347648 or 347776 or 347904 or 348160;

[0119] N PG =128, N CW =516096, N F =520192 or 520320 or 520448 or 520576 or 520704 or 520832 or 520960 or 521088 or 521472 or 521600 or 521856 or 522240;

[0120] N PG =128, N CW =688128,N F=693760 or 693888 or 694144 or 694272 or 694400 or 694656 or 694784 or 694912 or 695040 or 695296 or 695552 or 695808 or 696192 or 696320;

[0121] N PG =128, N CW =150528,N F =152064 or 152192 or 152320;

[0122] N PG =128, N CW =129024,N F =130176 or 130560;

[0123] N PG =128, N CW =107520,N F =108416 or 108544 or 108672 or 108800;

[0124] N PG =128, N CW =175616, N F =177152 or 177280 or 177408 or 177536 or 177664;

[0125] N PG =128, N CW =351232, N F =354304 or 354432 or 354560 or 354688 or 354816 or 354944 or 355072 or 355200 or 355328;

[0126] N PG =128, N CW =526848,N F =531200 or 531456 or 531712 or 531840 or 532224 or 532480 or 532608 or 532864 or 532992 or 533120;

[0127] N PG =128, N CW =702464, N F=708096 or 708224 or 708480 or 708608 or 708736 or 708864 or 708992 or 709120 or 709376 or 709504 or 709632 or 709888 or 710016 or 710144 or 710272 or 710400 or 710528 or 710656;

[0128] N PG =96, N CW =172032,N F =173952 or 174048 or 174240 or 174336 or 174432 or 174528;

[0129] N PG =96, N CW =344064, N F =347904 or 348000 or 348096 or 348192 or 348384 or 348480 or 348672 or 348768 or 348864 or 349056;

[0130] N PG =96, N CW =516096, N F =521664 or 521856 or 522144 or 522240 or 522720 or 522816 or 523008 or 523200 or 523296 or 523393 or 523488 or 523584 or 523776;

[0131] N PG =96, N CW =688128,N F =695520 or 695808 or 695904 or 696000 or 696192 or 696384 or 696672 or 696768 or 696864 or 696960 or 697056 or 697248 or 697344 or 697536 or 697632 or 697728 or 698112 or 698400;

[0132] N PG =96, N CW =150528,N F =152160 or 152256 or 152352 or 152448 or 152544 or 152640 or 152736;

[0133] N PG =96, N CW =129024,N F=130464 or 130560 or 130752 or 130848 or 130944;

[0134] N PG =96, N CW =107520,N F =108768 or 108864 or 108960 or 109056;

[0135] N PG =96, N CW =175616, N F =177504 or 177600 or 177888 or 177984 or 178080 or 178176;

[0136] N PG =96, N CW =351232, N F =355008 or 355104 or 355200 or 355488 or 355680 or 355776 or 355872 or 355968 or 356160 or 356352 or 356448;

[0137] N PG =96, N CW =526848,N F =532416 or 532512 or 532608 or 532704 or 532800 or 532896 or 532992 or 533280 or 533376 or 533568 or 533664 or 533760 or 533856 or 533952 or 534144 or 534240 or 534336 or 534432 or 534528;

[0138] N PG =96, N CW =702464, N F =709920 or 710016 or 710112 or 710208 or 710304 or 710400 or 710688 or 710784 or 710976 or 711168 or 711264 or 711360 or 711552 or 711648 or 711744 or 711936 or 712320 or 712416 or 712704 or 712800 or 712896.

[0139] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is quadrature phase shift keying QPSK, with A=-1 or 1. Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 16QAM, with A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 64QAM, A = -1, 1, -3, 3, -5, 5, -7 or 7. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0140] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of the present application;

[0141] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a framing process in an embodiment of the present application;

[0142] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0143] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a superframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0144] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0145] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0146] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a constellation diagram in two polarization directions according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0147] FIG8 is another schematic diagram of a constellation diagram in two polarization directions according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0148] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a simulated symbol data flow in an embodiment of the present application;

[0149] FIG10 is a schematic diagram showing the effects of cross-correlation and autocorrelation in an embodiment of the present application;

[0150] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a first implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0151] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a second implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0152] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a third implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0153] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a fourth implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0154] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a fifth implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0155] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a sixth implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0156] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of a seventh implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0157] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of an eighth implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0158] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of a ninth implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0159] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of a tenth implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0160] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of an eleventh implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0161] FIG22 is a schematic diagram of a twelfth implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0162] FIG23 is a schematic diagram of a thirteenth implementation of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0163] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of a fourteenth implementation manner of a superframe and a subframe in an embodiment of the present application;

[0164] FIG25 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission device applied to a transmitting end in an embodiment of the present application;

[0165] FIG26 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission device applied to a receiving end in an embodiment of the present application;

[0166] FIG27 is another structural diagram of the data transmission device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0167] The embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method and related apparatus for optical communication. Every 96 or 128 consecutive symbols in a subframe include a pilot symbol. It can be seen that the intervals for inserting pilot symbols in the subframe are larger, reducing redundancy.

[0168] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, at the transmitting end, the information source provides a data stream to be sent; the encoder receives the data stream and encodes it, and the codeword information obtained by encoding the check bits and information bits is sent to the transmitting end signal processor for framing, and is transmitted through the channel to the receiving end; after the receiving end receives the distorted signal caused by noise or other damage in the channel, it is sent to the receiving end signal processor for dispersion compensation, synchronization, phase recovery and other operations, and then decoded by the decoder to restore the original data and send it to the destination. Among them, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to the transmitting end signal processor shown in Figure 1, which is a very important link in the communication system.

[0169] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the framing process in an embodiment of the present application. In a framing method, as shown in (a) in Figure 2, the received data sequence is symbol mapped (symbol map), including but not limited to Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), and then polarization symbol division (Polarization distribution) is performed to obtain dual-polarization (DP) symbols, for example, DP-QPSK, DP-8QAM, DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM and DP-64QAM. A certain number of dual-polarization symbols are framed, and these dual-polarization symbols before framing are called pre-framing symbols, which can also be called payload symbols (payload). The framing process is as follows: Frame Alignment Word Sequence (FAW Sequence), Reserved Fields, and Pilot Sequence are inserted in the X and Y polarization directions, respectively, to obtain a dual-polarization symbol sequence to be transmitted, called a super-frame (also known as a multi-frame). Here, the frame synchronization symbol sequence is also referred to as a super-frame alignment word sequence. It should be noted that the frame synchronization symbol sequence can also be used for link training, in which case the frame synchronization symbols can be considered a training symbol sequence.

[0170] In an embodiment of the present application, a dual-polarization symbol can be represented by two symbols, one of which is located in the X polarization direction and the other is located in the Y polarization direction, and each symbol can be represented by a complex number. For example, the symbol obtained by 16QAM modulation can be represented by any one of the following 16 complex numbers, ±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j and ±3±3j, where j is a complex unit and can also be represented by other letters such as i. It should be understood that in some cases, the real part and the imaginary part are normalized, but the essence does not change. Furthermore, a sequence with N dual-polarization symbols can be completely represented by two complex sequences of length N, one of which represents the symbol on the X polarization and the other represents the symbol on the Y polarization. Each complex sequence of length N is represented by a real sequence of length N and an imaginary sequence of length N, where N is an integer greater than 1.

[0171] Normally, the received data sequence is the information and check sequence obtained by the forward error correction code (FEC), and the framing operation shown in (a) of Figure 2 is performed on the symbols. In another framing method, as shown in (b) of Figure 2, the received data sequence is first inserted with the bits corresponding to the frame synchronization symbol sequence, the reserved symbol sequence and the pilot symbol sequence according to the adopted symbol mapping rule, and then the symbol mapping and polarization division are performed to obtain the same superframe as the operation in (a) of Figure 2. Similarly, in another framing method, as shown in (c) of Figure 2, the received data sequence is first inserted with the bits corresponding to the frame synchronization symbol sequence, the reserved symbol sequence and the pilot symbol sequence according to the adopted symbol mapping rule, and then the polarization division and symbol mapping are performed to obtain the same superframe as the operation in (a) of Figure 2. It should be understood that in addition to the framing method introduced in Figure 2, there may be other similar framing methods, which will not be described in detail in this application.

[0172] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3, the data transmission method includes the following steps.

[0173] 101. Acquire a superframe including multiple subframes.

[0174] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a superframe in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG4 , a superframe includes N SF subframes, each subframe includes N S symbols, then the superframe consists of N F Symbols, N F =N SF ×N S , N S and N SF are all integers greater than 1. The subframes in a superframe are divided into two categories, which are referred to as first-category subframes and second-category subframes. These two categories of subframes are introduced below.

[0175] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a subframe in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG5(a), the structure of the first type of subframe is shown. The first type of subframe includes a pilot symbol, a frame synchronization symbol, a reserved symbol, and a payload symbol. Generally, the first type of subframe is the subframe arranged in the first position in the superframe. Of course, it does not exclude the subframes located in other positions in the superframe. For example, the first type of subframe can also be the subframe arranged in the last position in the superframe. The other subframes in the superframe except the first type of subframe are the second type of subframes, as shown in FIG5(b). The second type of subframe is different from the first type of subframe. The second type of subframe includes a pilot symbol and a payload symbol, but does not include a frame synchronization symbol and a reserved symbol.

[0176] For the first and second types of subframes, each subframe includes a pilot symbol, which is used for carrier phase recovery. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in a subframe is denoted as N. PS , N PS is an even number greater than 0. For the first type of subframe, the number of frame synchronization symbols in the first type of subframe is recorded as N FAW , N FAW Normally, the starting position of the first type of subframe is a pilot symbol, N FAW The frame synchronization symbols are arranged adjacent to the pilot symbol.

[0177] FIG6 is another structural diagram of a subframe in an embodiment of the present application. For each subframe in a superframe, each consecutive N PG symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position, where N PG is 96 or 128. That is, N shown in Figure 5 PG is 128, and N shown in Figure 6 PG It is 96. It should be understood that since each successive N PG The position of the pilot symbol in each symbol is fixed, so the interval between two consecutive pilot symbols in the subframe is equal. PG The starting position of the symbols, of course, the pilot symbol is located at each consecutive N PG Any position in the symbol, no limitation is made here.

[0178] It should be noted that the frame synchronization symbol is used for synchronization between superframes, that is, the N consecutive symbols starting from the second symbol of the first type of subframe FAW Symbols are used for frame synchronization. In addition, the frame synchronization symbol can also realize the synchronization function together with the pilot symbol. It should be understood that the frame synchronization symbols are arranged continuously, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. FAW Frame synchronization symbols are arranged next to the pilot symbol, or N FAWA frame synchronization symbol may also be separated from a pilot symbol by one or more symbols. After a plurality of frame synchronization symbols, there are usually a plurality of reserved symbols, which can be reserved for other future uses. The reserved symbols should be randomized and may not be symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. Of course, in some applications, the reserved symbols may also be symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. A portion of the reserved symbols may also be fixed for other purposes, such as optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) measurement, end-to-end (E2E) delay measurement, etc. The reserved symbols may also be located in one of the plurality of second-type subframes, which is not limited in this application. The remaining symbols are pre-framing symbols (i.e., payload symbols) containing information and checksums, wherein the pilot symbols do not overlap with the reserved symbols, and the pilot symbols do not overlap with the pre-framing symbols. In other words, there is no symbol that is both a pilot symbol and a pre-framing symbol, and there is no symbol that is both a pilot symbol and a reserved symbol.

[0179] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a constellation diagram in two polarization directions in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 is another schematic diagram of a constellation diagram in two polarization directions in an embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, and A is a real number. In an embodiment of the present application, the value of A is determined by the modulation format used when generating the symbol. In some practical application scenarios, -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj are symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. For example, when using QPSK, there are only four symbols, and A = 1 or -1. Each pilot symbol can be represented by one of -1-1j, -1+1j, 1-1j and 1+1j. In a subframe, all four complex-number pilot symbols exist. When using 16QAM, there are 16 symbols, and A = 1, -1, 3 or -3. Usually, the pilot symbols are the outermost 4 symbols on the constellation diagram, as shown by the hollow symbols in (a) of Figure 7. At this time, A = 3 or -3, and each pilot symbol can be represented by one of -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j and 3+3j. In a subframe, all four complex-number pilot symbols exist. Similarly, using 64QAM, there are 64 symbols, and A = 1, -1, 3, -3, 5, -5, 7 or -7. Under normal circumstances, among the complex numbers representing pilot symbols, A = 5, -5, 7 or -7. Assuming that A = 7 or -7, as shown by the hollow symbols in (a) in Figure 8, each pilot symbol can be represented by one of -7-7j, -7+7j, 7-7j and 7+7j. In a subframe, these four complex number representations of pilot symbols will exist. Similarly, the pilot symbols are the same. Higher-order modulation formats can also be used, which will not be described in detail in this application. In the actual transmission process, the probability of symbol error can be reduced, which is convenient for channel estimation.

[0180] It should be noted that each frame synchronization symbol is -A FAW -A FAW j, -A FAW +A FAW j.A FAW -A FAW j and A FAW +A FAW One of the four plural forms of j, A FAW is a real number, where A FAW It may or may not be equal to A. Typically, A FAW Equal to A, at this time, the operation of inserting training symbols, pilot symbols, and frame synchronization symbols during the framing operation is relatively simple.

[0181] It should be noted that it is also possible to compress the symbols on the constellation diagram. Correspondingly, the value of A will also be compressed accordingly. Taking 16QAM as an example, the power of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram is normalized. At this time, the value becomes The value of A is or Other normalization methods may also be used, which are not limited in this application.

[0182] Taking 64QAM as an example, the power of the 64 symbols on the 64QAM constellation diagram is normalized. At this time, the value becomes The value of A is or Other normalization methods may also be used, which are not limited in this application.

[0183] It should be understood that when the pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj use the outermost four symbols of the constellation diagram, the sensitivity of the pilot symbols is high, but the peak to average power ratio is large; when the pilot symbols take the values ​​of -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj and use the innermost four symbols of the constellation diagram, the noise of the pilot is small, but its sensitivity is low.

[0184] It should be noted that in some practical application scenarios, the pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj may not be symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used, but may be four symbols in the middle area between the outermost four symbols and the innermost four symbols of the constellation diagram. In this case, the pilot symbol noise and sensitivity are average, but the peak-to-average power ratio is relatively low. Taking 16QAM as an example, the values ​​of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram are one of {±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j, ±3±3j}, and the value of the real number A satisfies 1≤A≤3. More specifically, as shown in (b) of Figure 7, the outermost four symbols of the constellation diagram are 3+3j, 3-3j, -3+3j, and -3-3j, and the innermost four symbols of the constellation diagram are 1+1j, 1-1j, -1+1j, and -1-1j. The values ​​of the pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj can be any of the four symbols between the outermost four symbols and the innermost four symbols of the 16QAM constellation. The specific value of the real number A can be selected according to the actual application scenario to achieve a good compromise between the peak-to-average power ratio, noise, and sensitivity of the pilot. For example, the real number The value of the pilot symbol is In addition, when the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation are power normalized, the value is One of the values ​​of real number A satisfies For example, real numbers The value of the pilot symbol is Taking 64QAM as an example, the values ​​of the 64 symbols in the 64QAM constellation are one of {±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±1±5j, ±1±7j, ±3±1j, ±5±1j, ±7±1j, ±3±3j, ±3±5j, ±3±7j, ±5±3j, ±7±3j, ±5±5j, ±5±7j, ±7±5j, ±7±7j}, and the value of the real number A satisfies 1≤A≤7. More specifically, as shown in (b) of Figure 8, the outermost four symbols of the constellation are 7+7j, 7-7j, -7+7j, and -7-7j, and the innermost four symbols are 1+1j, 1-1j, -1+1j, and -1-1j. The values ​​of the pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj can be any of the four symbols between the outermost four symbols and the innermost four symbols of the 64QAM constellation. The specific value of the real number A can be selected according to the actual application scenario to achieve a good compromise between the peak-to-average power ratio, noise, and sensitivity of the pilot. For example, the real number The value of the pilot symbol is In addition, when the 64 symbols on the 64QAM constellation are power normalized, the value is One of the values ​​of real number A satisfies For example, real numbers The value of the pilot symbol is One of them.

[0185] It should be noted that in a subframe, the pilot symbol sequence including multiple pilot symbols in the X polarization direction is different from the pilot symbol sequence including multiple pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction. The X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are orthogonal to each other. For example, the sequence of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction is -A-Aj, -A-Aj, A+Aj, A-Aj, and the sequence of pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction is -A-Aj, -A-Aj, A+Aj, A+Aj. There is one difference in the pilot symbol sequences in the two polarization directions, which avoids the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish the two polarization directions during actual transmission.

[0186] It should be noted that in a subframe, the sum of the real parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0. This allows the pilot symbol sequence in each subframe to achieve DC balance, which helps the receiving end restore signal quality.

[0187] It should be noted that in the first type of subframe, N FAW The sum of the real parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0. FAW The sum of the imaginary parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0. Therefore, the frame synchronization symbol sequence in the first type of subframe can achieve DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0188] In one possible scenario, in a subframe, the number of pilot symbols in a polarization direction whose values ​​are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2, and the number of pilot symbols whose values ​​are -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols whose values ​​are A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols whose values ​​are -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols whose values ​​are A-Aj. This effectively ensures that the number of pilot symbols in each polarization direction is close to balanced, and also ensures that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end. For example, in a polarization direction, the number of -A-Aj is -The number of A+Aj is The number of A-Aj is The number of A+Aj is For example, in one polarization direction, the number of -A-Aj is -The number of A+Aj is The number of A-Aj is The number of A+Aj is For another example, in one polarization direction, the number of -A-Aj is -The number of A+Aj is The number of A-Aj is The number of A+Aj is For example, in one polarization direction, the number of -A-Aj is -The number of A+Aj is The number of A-Aj is The number of A+Aj is in, Indicates rounding down the positive real number a.

[0189] In one possible scenario, N PSis an integer multiple of 4. In one subframe, the number of symbols in the pilot symbol sequence in one polarization direction, which are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, is N. PS / 4 effectively ensures the balance of the number of pilot symbols in each polarization direction and also ensures that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0190] In one possible scenario, in one subframe, the number of frame synchronization symbols and pilot symbols in two polarization directions is N. FAW +N PS The number of -A-Aj in the symbols, the frame synchronization symbols and pilot symbols in the two polarization directions are N FAW +N PS The number of symbols is -A+Aj, the number of frame synchronization symbols and pilot symbols in two polarization directions is N FAW +N PS The number of A-Aj in the symbols and the number of frame synchronization symbols and pilot symbols in the two polarization directions are N FAW +N PS The number of A+Aj in each symbol is the same, which effectively ensures the balance of the number of symbols in the two polarization directions.

[0191] As an example, N FAW +N PS The number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is -A-Aj respectively. and N FAW +N PS The sum of the number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is -A-Aj is (N FAW +N PS ) / 2; N FAW +N PS The number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is -A+Aj respectively. and N FAW +N PS The sum of the number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is -A+Aj is (N FAW +N PS ) / 2; N FAW +N PS The number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is A-Aj respectively. and N FAW +N PS The sum of the number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions A-Aj is (NFAW +N PS ) / 2; N FAW +N PS The number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is A+Aj respectively. and N FAW +N PS The sum of the number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is A+Aj is (N FAW +N PS ) / 2.

[0192] As another example, N FAW +N PS The number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is -A-Aj respectively. and N FAW +N PS The sum of the number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is -A-Aj is (N FAW +N PS ) / 2; N FAW +N PS The number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is -A+Aj respectively. and N FAW +N PS The sum of the number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is -A+Aj is (N FAW +N PS ) / 2; N FAW +N PS The number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is A-Aj respectively. and N FAW +N PS The sum of the number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions A-Aj is (N FAW +N PS ) / 2; N FAW +N PS The number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is A+Aj respectively. and N FAW +N PS The sum of the number of pilot symbols and frame synchronization symbols in the two polarization directions is A+Aj is (N FAW +N PS ) / 2.

[0193] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the number of pre-framing symbols in the superframe N CW The values ​​include but are not limited to 172032, 344064, 516096, 688128, 150528, 129024, 107520, 175616, 351232, 526848, 702464, 172032, 344064, 516096, 688128, 150528, 129024, 107520, 175616, 351232, 526848, and 702464.

[0194] 102. Send a superframe.

[0195] The superframe sent by the transmitter will be transmitted through the channel to the receiver.

[0196] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an analog symbol data stream according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG9 , in some possible scenarios, after the superframe symbol data stream undergoes digital to analog conversion (DAC), it can be viewed as four analog symbol data streams, which are marked as X, I 、X Q 、Y I and Y Q Among them, X I Simulate symbolic data flow and X Q The analog symbol data streams correspond to the real part sequence data stream and the imaginary part sequence data stream in the X polarization direction respectively. I Simulate symbolic data flow and Y Q The analog symbol data streams correspond to the real and imaginary sequential data streams in the Y polarization direction, respectively. It should be understood that the X and Y polarization directions (also referred to as the H and V polarization directions) are two mutually orthogonal polarization directions, and that two mutually orthogonal phase channels, I (In-phase) and Q (Quadrature), exist in each polarization direction. I and Q correspond to the real and imaginary sequential data streams, respectively.

[0197] 103. The receiving end decodes the superframe.

[0198] It should be understood that this application will not introduce in detail the specific operations after the receiving end receives the superframe. For details, please refer to the relevant introduction of Figure 1.

[0199] The following introduces some specific examples of the number of symbols in different parts of the superframe provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0200] (1) Number of symbols before framing N CW=172032, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is adopted, and other encoding methods can also be adopted; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 1, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0201] Except for OH, the other parameters are all symbol numbers, which can be understood as the number of dual-polarization symbols or the number of symbols in one polarization direction. Moreover, the number of different symbols in the two polarization directions is the same. For example, if there are 10 frame synchronization symbols in one polarization direction and 10 frame synchronization symbols in the other polarization direction, there are 10 dual-polarization frame synchronization symbols. Subsequent tables can be understood in this way, and this application will not go into details.

[0202] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture in the case listed in Table 1 is as low as OH<1.20%. Table 1 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0203] Table 1

[0204] In some specific applications, the bus width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that when N PG =128, that is, when a symbol at a fixed position in every 128 consecutive symbols in each subframe is used as a pilot symbol, the number of symbols in the superframe N F and the number of symbols in each subframe N SIt must be an integer multiple of 128. Therefore, when a symbol at a fixed position in every 128 consecutive symbols in each subframe is used as a pilot symbol, only the number of symbols N in the superframe needs to be considered. F It can be an integer multiple of 192. The subsequent tables showing that a fixed symbol in every 128 consecutive symbols in each subframe is a pilot symbol can be understood in this way, and this application will not go into details. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192. Combining Table 1, we can get Table 2. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 2 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 2 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0205] Table 2

[0206] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192, combined with Table 2, we can get Table 3. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 3 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0207] Table 3

[0208] (2) Number of symbols before framing N CW =344064, for example, an open FEC (OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, or other encoding methods can be used; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols NRES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 4, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0209] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture listed in Table 4 is low, OH<1.20%. Table 4 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0210] Table 4

[0211] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192. Combining Table 4, we can get Table 5. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 5 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, the number of symbols N in each subframe S No restrictions.

[0212] Table 5

[0213] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192, combined with Table 5, we can get Table 6. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 6 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0214] Table 6

[0215] (3) Number of symbols before framing N CW =516096, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 7, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0216] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture listed in Table 7 is low, OH<1.20%. Table 7 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0217] Table 7

[0218] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192. Combining Table 7, we can get Table 8. The frame redundancy OH of the case listed in the table is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 8 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0219] Table 8

[0220] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192, combined with Table 8, we can get Table 9. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 9 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0221] Table 9

[0222] (4) Number of symbols before framing N CW =688128, for example, an open FEC (OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, or other encoding methods can be used; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 10, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0223] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture of the case listed in Table 10 is as low as OH<1.20%. For the number of symbols N in each subframe in Table 10, S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0224] Table 10

[0225] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192. Combined with Table 10, we can get the frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 11 < 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 11 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0226] Table 11

[0227] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192, combined with Table 11, we can get Table 12. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 12 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0228] Table 12

[0229] (5) Number of symbols before framing N CW =150528, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 17.9% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RESThe sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 13, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture listed in Table 13 is as low as OH<1.20%. Table 13 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0230] Table 13

[0231] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192. Combining Table 13, we can get Table 14. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 14 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 14 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0232] Table 14

[0233] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192, combined with Table 14, we can get Table 15. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 15 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0234] Table 15

[0235] (6) Number of symbols before framing N CW = 129024, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 21.5% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 16, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW The frame redundancy of the superframe structure listed in Table 16 is as low as OH<1.20%. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Note that the number of symbols N in each subframe for all cases listed in this table is F are integer multiples of 192 and 128; in this case (6), there is no superframe symbol number N F The number is not an integer multiple of 192 or 128.

[0236] Table 16

[0237] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. Sis an integer multiple of 192, combined with Table 16, we can get Table 17. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 17 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0238] Table 17

[0239] (7) Number of symbols before framing N CW = 107520, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 27.0% is adopted, and other encoding methods can also be adopted; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 18, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW The frame redundancy of the superframe structure listed in Table 18 is as low as OH<1.20%. Table 18 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F It should be noted that the number of symbols N in each subframe for all cases listed in this table is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Neither is an integer multiple of 192 or 128; in this case (7), the number of symbols N in the superframe does not exist. F When the number N is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, there is no superframe symbol number N. F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0240] Table 18

[0241] (8) Number of symbols before framing N CW=175616, for example, a CFEC encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, or other encoding methods can be used; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 19, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0242] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture listed in Table 19 is low, OH<1.20%. Table 19 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0243] Table 19

[0244] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192. Combining Table 19, we can get Table 20. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 20 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 20 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0245] Table 20

[0246] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if NS is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192, combined with Table 20, we can get Table 21. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 21 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0247] Table 21

[0248] (9) Number of symbols before framing N CW =351232, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is adopted, and other encoding methods can also be adopted; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 22, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW The frame redundancy of the superframe structure listed in Table 22 is as low as OH<1.20%. Table 22 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0249] Table 22

[0250] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe FIt should be an integer multiple of 192. Combining Table 22, we can get Table 23. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 23 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, the number of symbols N in each subframe S No restrictions.

[0251] Table 23

[0252] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192, combined with Table 23, we can get Table 24. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 24 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0253] Table 24

[0254] (10) Number of symbols before framing N CW =526848, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG =The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 25, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -NCW ) / N CW The frame redundancy of the superframe structure listed in Table 25 is as low as OH<1.20%. Table 25 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0255] Table 25

[0256] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192. Combining Table 25, we can get Table 26. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 26 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 26 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0257] Table 26

[0258] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192, combined with Table 26, we can get Table 27. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 27 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0259] Table 27

[0260] (11) Number of symbols before framing N CW =702464, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG=The first symbol among the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 28, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW The frame redundancy of the superframe structure listed in Table 28 is as low as OH<1.20%. Table 28 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0261] Table 28

[0262] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192. Combining Table 28, we can get Table 29. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 29 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 29 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0263] Table 29

[0264] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N FIt must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192, Table 29, Table 30 can be obtained. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 30 is less than 1.20%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0265] Table 30

[0266] (12) Number of symbols before framing N CW =172032, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is adopted, and other encoding methods can also be adopted; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 31, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0267] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture listed in Table 31 is as low as OH<1.50%. Table 31 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0268] Table 31

[0269] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Combining Table 31, we can get Table 32. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 32 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe isF is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 32 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0270] Table 32

[0271] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 32, we can get Table 33. Then the frame redundancy OH of the case listed in Table 33 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0272] Table 33

[0273] (13) Number of symbols before framing N CW =344064, for example, an open FEC (OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, or other encoding methods can be used; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 34, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0274] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture listed in Table 34 is as low as OH<1.50%. Table 34 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0275] Table 34

[0276] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Combining Table 34, we can get Table 35. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 35 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 35 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0277] Table 35

[0278] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 35, we can get Table 36. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 36 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0279] Table 36

[0280] (14) Number of symbols before framing N CW =516096, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is NSF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 37, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0281] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture listed in Table 37 is as low as OH<1.50%. Table 37 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0282] Table 37

[0283] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Combining Table 37, we can get Table 38. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 38 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 38 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0284] Table 38

[0285] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N FIt must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 38, we can get Table 39. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 39 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0286] Table 39

[0287] (15) Number of symbols before framing N CW =688128, for example, an open FEC (OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, or other encoding methods can be used; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 40, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0288] The frame redundancy of the superframe structure listed in Table 40 is low, OH<1.50%. Table 40 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0289] Table 40

[0290] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe FIt should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Combining Table 40, we can get Table 41. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 41 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 41 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0291] Table 41

[0292] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 41, we can get Table 42. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 42 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0293] Table 42

[0294] (16) Number of symbols before framing N CW =150528, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 17.9% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 43, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F-N CW ) / N CW .

[0295] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture listed in Table 43 is as low as OH<1.50%. Table 43 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Better, not only the number of symbols N in the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S are integer multiples of 192 and 128; in this case (16) there is no superframe symbol number N F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S The number of symbols in the superframe is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. F The number of symbols in each subframe is N when it is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. S The number is not an integer multiple of 192 or 128.

[0296] Table 43

[0297] (17) Number of symbols before framing N CW = 129024, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 21.5% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 44, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, NFAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0298] The frame redundancy of the superframe structure listed in Table 44 is low, OH<1.50%. Table 44 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Note that the number of symbols N in each subframe for all cases listed in this table is F are integer multiples of 192 and 128; in this case (17) there is no superframe symbol number N F The number is not an integer multiple of 192 or 128.

[0299] Table 44

[0300] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 44, we can get Table 45. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 45 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0301] Table 45

[0302] (18) Number of symbols before framing N CW = 107520, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is NSF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 46, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0303] The frame redundancy of the superframe structure listed in Table 46 is as low as OH<1.50%. Table 46 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0304] Table 46

[0305] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Combining Table 46, we can get Table 47. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 47 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 47 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0306] Table 47

[0307] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. Sis an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 47, we can get Table 48. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 48 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0308] Table 48

[0309] (19) Number of symbols before framing N CW =175616, for example, using a CFEC encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3%, or other encoding methods; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 49, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0310] The frame redundancy of the superframe structure listed in Table 49 is low, OH<1.50%. Table 49 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0311] Table 49

[0312] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Combining Table 49, we can get Table 50. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 50 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 50 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0313] Table 50

[0314] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 50, we can get Table 51. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 51 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0315] Table 51

[0316] (20) Number of symbols before framing N CW =351232, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is adopted, and other encoding methods can also be adopted; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 52, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0317] The frame redundancy of the superframe structure in the case listed in Table 52 is low, OH<1.50%. Table 52 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N FThere is no restriction.

[0318] Table 52

[0319] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Combining Table 52, we can get Table 53. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 53 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 53 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0320] Table 53

[0321] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 53, we can get Table 54. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 54 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0322] Table 54

[0323] (21) Number of symbols before framing N CW =526848, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe NF , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 55, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0324] The frame redundancy of the superframe architecture listed in Table 55 is as low as OH<1.50%. Table 55 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0325] Table 55

[0326] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Combining Table 55, we can get Table 56. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 56 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 56 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0327] Table 56

[0328] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 56, we can get Table 57. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 57 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is Fand the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0329] Table 57

[0330] (22) Number of symbols before framing N CW =702464, for example, an open code (Open FEC, OFEC) encoding method with a coding redundancy of about 15.3% is used, and other encoding methods can also be used; each consecutive N PG = The first symbol among the 96 symbols is the pilot symbol. At this time, the number of subframes is N SF , the number of pilot symbols in each subframe N PS , the number of symbols in each subframe N S , the number of symbols in the superframe N F , superframe redundancy OH, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES The sum of the parameters is as shown in Table 58, where N FAW +N PS is an even number, N FAW is an even number, N PS is an even number, the corresponding N RES >0,OH=(N F -N CW ) / N CW .

[0331] The frame redundancy of the superframe structure of the case listed in Table 58 is low, OH<1.50%. Table 58 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S and the number of symbols in the superframe N F There is no restriction.

[0332] Table 58

[0333] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver end is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Consider the number of symbols N in the superframe F It should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Combining Table 58, we can get Table 59. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 59 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. In addition, Table 59 shows the number of symbols N in each subframe. S No restrictions.

[0334] Table 59

[0335] In some specific applications, the bit width of the specific DSP implementation at the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, it is better to use not only the number of symbols N of the superframe F Should be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, and the number of symbols in each subframe N S It should also be an integer multiple of 192 and 128. It should be understood that if N S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, then N F It must be an integer multiple of 192 and 128, but not necessarily the other way around. Consider the number of symbols N in each subframe. S is an integer multiple of 192 and 128, combined with Table 59, we can get Table 60. The frame redundancy OH of the cases listed in Table 60 is less than 1.50%, and the number of symbols N in the superframe is F and the number of symbols in each subframe N S Both are integer multiples of 192 and 128.

[0336] Table 60

[0337] It should be noted that in some specific applications, the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW =22, and the specific frame synchronization symbol sequence is as follows:

[0338] This application also provides several embodiments, which are described as follows:

[0339] Embodiment 1: A specific form of a frame synchronization symbol sequence.

[0340] Number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW=22, where in one polarization direction, the 22 frame synchronization symbols are: 3-3j, 3+3j, 3+3j, 3+3j, 3-3j, 3-3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3-3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3-3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, -3+ 3j; in the other polarization direction, the 22 frame synchronization symbols are: 3+3j, -3+3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, 3+3j, 3-3j, 3-3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3+3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, -3+3j. It should be noted that in some specific applications, the first pilot symbol may be combined with the frame synchronization symbol for frame synchronization or link training. The first symbol of the first type of subframe is the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence, and its value can be one of the following 16 cases: -3-3j in one polarization direction and -3-3j in the other polarization direction; or -3+3j in one polarization direction and -3-3j in the other polarization direction; or 3-3j in one polarization direction and -3-3j in the other polarization direction; or 3+3j in one polarization direction and -3-3j in the other polarization direction; or -3-3j in one polarization direction and -3+3j in the other polarization direction; or -3+3j in one polarization direction and -3+3j in the other polarization direction; or 3-3j in one polarization direction and -3+3j in the other polarization direction; or 3+3j and -3+3j in the other polarization direction; or -3-3j in one polarization direction and 3-3j in the other polarization direction; or -3+3j in one polarization direction and 3-3j in the other polarization direction; or 3-3j in one polarization direction and 3-3j in the other polarization direction; or 3+3j in one polarization direction and 3-3j in the other polarization direction; or -3-3j in one polarization direction and 3+3j in the other polarization direction; or -3+3j in one polarization direction and 3+3j in the other polarization direction; or 3-3j in one polarization direction and 3+3j in the other polarization direction; or 3+3j in one polarization direction and 3+3j in the other polarization direction.

[0341] For example, when the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence is -3+3j in one polarization direction and 3+3j in the other polarization direction, the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence and the frame synchronization symbol sequence (23 symbols in total) in one polarization direction are -3+3j, 3-3j, 3+3j, 3+3j, 3+3j, 3-3j, 3-3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, -3-3j, 3-3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, -3-3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3-3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3-3j. , -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, and the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence and the frame synchronization symbol sequence (23 symbols in total) in the other polarization direction are 3+3j, 3+3j, -3+3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, 3+3j, 3-3j, 3-3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3+3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3+3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, 3+3j, -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, -3+3j. At this time, the sequence of the real part of the complex number corresponding to the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence and the frame synchronization symbol sequence in one polarization direction (such as polarization direction X) is denoted as X I , the corresponding sequence of the imaginary parts of the complex numbers is recorded as X Q The sequence of the real part of the complex number corresponding to the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence and the frame synchronization symbol sequence in another polarization direction (such as polarization direction Y) is recorded as Y I , the corresponding sequence of the imaginary parts of the complex numbers is recorded as Y Q ; then X I 、X Q 、Y I 、Y Q The length of these four sequences is 23.

[0342] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the effect of cross-correlation and autocorrelation in an embodiment of the present application. The horizontal axis in FIG10 represents the offset (the unit is the offset position bit), and the vertical axis represents the normalized amplitude. FIG10 (a) shows X I and Y I 、X Q and Y Q 、X I and X Q 、Y I and Y Q The cross-correlation results show that the normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value is no more than 0.39; Figure 10 (b) shows that X I 、X Q 、Y I 、Y QThe autocorrelation result of the frame synchronization symbol sequence (ie, the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence) has an absolute value of no more than 0.39. It should be understood that when the first symbol of the frame synchronization symbol sequence (ie, the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence) takes other values ​​in the two polarization directions, its X I 、X Q 、Y I , Y Q The normalized magnitude of the autocorrelation and X I and Y I 、X Q and Y Q 、X I and X Q 、Y I and Y Q The normalized amplitude of the cross-correlation sidelobe value may be greater than 0.4.

[0343] Embodiment 2: A specific superframe format.

[0344] The pre-framing symbols are encoded by OFEC with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 172032. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 128 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 61 below:

[0345] Table 61

[0346] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the first implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 113 subframes, and each subframe includes 1536 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 11. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 11, which has 12 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 158 reserved symbols. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 11, which also has 12 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 128 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0347] Example 3: A specific superframe format

[0348] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by OFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 344064. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 128 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 62 below:

[0349] Table 62

[0350] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the second implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 113 subframes, and each subframe includes 3072 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 12. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 12, which has 24 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 338 reserved symbols. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 12, which also has 24 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 128 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0351] Example 4: A specific superframe format

[0352] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by OFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 516096. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 128 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 63 below:

[0353] Table 63

[0354] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the third implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 113 subframes, and each subframe includes 4608 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 13. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 13, which has 36 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 518 reserved symbols. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 13, which also has 36 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 128 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0355] Embodiment 5: A specific superframe format.

[0356] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by OFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 688128. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 128 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 64 below:

[0357] Table 64

[0358] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the fourth implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 113 subframes, and each subframe includes 6144 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 14. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 14, which has 48 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 698 reserved symbols. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 14, which also has 48 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 128 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0359] Example 6: A specific superframe format.

[0360] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by OFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 17.9%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 150528. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 128 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 65 below:

[0361] Table 65

[0362] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the fifth implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 22 subframes, and each subframe includes 6912 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 15. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 15, which has 54 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 326 reserved symbols. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 15, which also has 54 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 128 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0363] Embodiment 7: A specific superframe format.

[0364] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by CFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 175616. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 128 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 66 below:

[0365] Table 66

[0366] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the sixth implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 21 subframes, and each subframe includes 8448 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 16. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 16, which has 66 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 384 reserved symbols. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 16, which also has 66 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 128 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0367] Embodiment 8: A specific superframe format.

[0368] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by CFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 526848. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 128 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 67 below:

[0369] Table 67

[0370] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the seventh implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 173 subframes, and each subframe includes 3072 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 17. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 17, which has 24 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 434 reserved symbols. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 17, which also has 24 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 128 symbols is a pilot symbol. In the existing 400G-ZR and 800G-ZR standards, the first subframe also contains 22 frame synchronization symbols, which is conducive to multiplexing. In some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N in the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0371] Embodiment 9: A specific superframe format.

[0372] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by CFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 702464. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 128 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 68 below:

[0373] Table 68

[0374] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the eighth implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 71 subframes, and each subframe includes 9984 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 18. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 18, which has 78 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 840 reserved symbols. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 18, which also has 78 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 128 symbols is a pilot symbol. In the existing 400G-ZR and 800G-ZR standards, the first subframe also contains 22 frame synchronization symbols, which is conducive to multiplexing; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0375] Embodiment 10: A specific superframe format.

[0376] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by OFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 688128, and the pilot symbol interval is 96 symbols. The corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 69 below:

[0377] Table 69

[0378] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the ninth implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 151 subframes, and each subframe includes 4608 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 19. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 19, which has 48 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 410 reserved symbols. In the existing 400G-ZR and 800G-ZR standards, the first type of subframe also contains 22 frame synchronization symbols, which is conducive to multiplexing. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 19, which also has 48 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 96 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0379] Embodiment 11: A specific superframe format.

[0380] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by OFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 21.5%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 129024. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 96 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 70 below:

[0381] Table 70

[0382] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the tenth implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 20 subframes, and each subframe includes 6528 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 20. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 20, which has 68 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 154 reserved symbols. In the existing 400G-ZR and 800G-ZR standards, the first subframe also contains 22 frame synchronization symbols, which is conducive to multiplexing. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 20, which also has 68 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 96 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is SIt is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0383] Embodiment 12: A specific superframe format.

[0384] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by OFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 21.5%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 129024. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 96 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 71 below:

[0385] Table 71

[0386] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the eleventh implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 17 subframes, and each subframe includes 7680 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 21. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 21, which has 80 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 154 reserved symbols. In the existing 400G-ZR and 800G-ZR standards, the first subframe also contains 22 frame synchronization symbols, which is conducive to multiplexing. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 21, which also has 80 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 96 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0387] Example 13: A specific superframe format.

[0388] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by CFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 351232. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 96 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 72 below:

[0389] Table 72

[0390] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the twelfth implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 37 subframes, and each subframe includes 9600 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 22. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 22, which has 100 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 246 reserved symbols. In the existing 400G-ZR and 800G-ZR standards, the first subframe also contains 22 frame synchronization symbols, which is conducive to multiplexing. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 22, which also has 100 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 96 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0391] Example 14: A specific superframe format.

[0392] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by CFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 526848. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 96 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 73 below:

[0393] Table 73

[0394] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the thirteenth implementation method of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 73 subframes, and each subframe includes 7296 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 23. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) in Figure 23, which has 76 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 190 reserved symbols. In the existing 400G-ZR and 800G-ZR standards, the first subframe also contains 22 frame synchronization symbols, which is conducive to multiplexing. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) in Figure 23, which also has 76 pilot symbols. In each subframe, the first symbol in every 96 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. Fis an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0395] Embodiment 15: A specific superframe format.

[0396] The pre-framing symbols are obtained by CFEC encoding with a code redundancy of about 15.3%. The number of pre-framing symbols is 702464. PG = The fixed position symbols among the 96 symbols are pilot symbols, and their corresponding N SF 、N PS 、N FAW 、N RES 、N S 、N F , OH and other parameters are shown in Table 74 below:

[0397] Table 74

[0398] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the fourteenth implementation of the superframe and subframe in the embodiment of the present application. The superframe includes 43 subframes, and each subframe includes 16512 symbols, as shown in (a) in Figure 24. The structure of the first type of subframe is shown in (b) of Figure 24, which has 172 pilot symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 134 reserved symbols. In the existing 400G-ZR and 800G-ZR standards, the first subframe also contains 22 frame synchronization symbols, which is conducive to multiplexing. The structure of the second type of subframe is shown in (c) of Figure 24, which also has 172 pilot symbols, as shown in (c) of Figure 24; in each subframe, the first symbol in every 96 symbols is a pilot symbol; in some specific applications, the bit width in the specific DSP implementation of the transceiver is 192 or 128. In order to facilitate hardware implementation, the number of symbols N of the superframe is 192 or 128. F is an integer multiple of 192 and 128. Preferably, the number of symbols N in each subframe in the superframe is S It is also an integer multiple of 192 and 128.

[0399] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the data transmission device applied to the sending end in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 25, the data transmission device includes: a processing unit 201 and a sending unit 202. The processing unit 201 is used to perform the operation of step 101 above, and the sending unit 202 is used to perform the operation of step 102 above. It should be understood that the data transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above-mentioned device is only a logical functional division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application can be integrated into one processing unit, or they can be independent physical units, or two or more functional units can be integrated into one processing unit. The above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0400] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission device applied to the receiving end in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 26, the data transmission device includes: a receiving unit 301 and a processing unit 302. The receiving unit 301 is used to perform the operation of step 102 above, and the processing unit 302 is used to perform the operation of step 103 above. It should be understood that the data transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above-mentioned device is only a logical functional division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application can be integrated into one processing unit, or can be independent physical units, or two or more functional units can be integrated into one processing unit. The above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0401] Figure 27 is another structural schematic diagram of the data transmission device in an embodiment of the present application. The data transmission device can be applied to the transmitting end or the receiving end. As shown in Figure 27, the data transmission device includes a processor 401 and a transceiver 402. The processor 401 and the transceiver 402 are interconnected via a line. Specifically, the transceiver 402 is used to perform data transmission and reception operations, and the processor 401 is used to perform other operations other than data transmission and reception. In one possible embodiment, the processor 401 may include the processing unit 201 shown in Figure 25 above, and the transceiver 402 includes the transmitting unit 202 shown in Figure 25 above. In another possible embodiment, the processor 401 may include the processing unit 301 shown in Figure 26 above, and the transceiver 402 includes the receiving unit 301 shown in Figure 26 above. Optionally, the data transmission device may further include a memory 403, wherein the memory 403 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0402] The present application also provides a chip. This chip integrates circuitry and one or more interfaces for implementing the functions of the processor 401 described above. When the chip integrates memory, it can perform the method steps of any one or more of the aforementioned embodiments. When the chip does not integrate memory, it can be connected to an external memory via an interface. The chip implements the actions performed by the transmitting device or receiving device in the aforementioned embodiments based on program code stored in the external memory.

[0403] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method for optical communication, characterized in that: include: Obtain a superframe comprising a plurality of subframes, wherein the subframes comprise pilot symbols, wherein in one polarization direction, the number N of the pilot symbols in the subframes PS is an even number greater than 0, each of the pilot symbols is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, and each consecutive N in the subframe PG The N symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position. PG is 96 or 128, the superframe includes a first type of subframe, and the first type of subframe also includes N FAW frame synchronization symbols, each frame synchronization symbol is -A FAW -A FAW j, -A FAW +A FAW j. A FAW -A FAW j and A FAW +A FAW j is one of the four plural forms, A FAW is a real number, the N FAW is an even number; The superframe is transmitted.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In one subframe, a pilot symbol sequence including a plurality of pilot symbols in a first polarization direction is different from a pilot symbol sequence including a plurality of pilot symbols in a second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In one subframe, the sum of the real parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0; In the first type of subframe, N FAW The sum of the real parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0. FAW The sum of the imaginary parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that In a subframe, the number of pilot symbols having values ​​of -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj in a polarization direction differs from each other by less than or equal to 2.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that In a subframe, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols -A+Aj in two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols A-Aj in two polarization directions, and the number of pilot symbols A+Aj in two polarization directions are the same, and the two polarization directions are orthogonal to each other.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The starting position of the first type of subframe is a pilot symbol.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that N FAW The consecutive frame synchronization symbols are arranged starting from the next bit of the pilot symbol in the first type of subframe.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The first type of subframe also includes a reserved symbol and a pre-framing symbol. In the first type of subframe, the frame synchronization symbol is located before the reserved symbol, and the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The superframe includes at least one second-type subframe, and the second-type subframe also includes a pre-framing symbol.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The number of pre-framing symbols in the superframe is N CW , the number of all symbols in the superframe is N F , N PG 、N CW and N F The corresponding relationship between them is one of the following items: N PG =128,N CW =172032,N F =173440 or 173568 or 173696 or 173824 or 173952 or 174080; N PG =128,N CW =344064,N F =346880 or 347136 or 347392 or 347520 or 347648 or 347776 or 347904 or 348160; N PG =128,N CW =516096,N F =520192 or 520320 or 520448 or 520576 or 520704 or 520832 or 520960 or 521088 or 521472 or 521600 or 521856 or 522240; N PG =128,N CW =688128,N F =693760 or 693888 or 694144 or 694272 or 694400 or 694656 or 694784 or 694912 or 695040 or 695296 or 695552 or 695808 or 696192 or 696320; N PG =128,N CW =150528,N F =152064 or 152192 or 152320; N PG =128,N CW =129024,N F =130176 or 130560; N PG =128,N CW =107520,N F =108416 or 108544 or 108672 or 108800; N PG =128,N CW =175616,N F =177152 or 177280 or 177408 or 177536 or 177664; N PG =128,N CW =351232,N F =354304 or 354432 or 354560 or 354688 or 354816 or 354944 or 355072 or 355200 or 355328; N PG =128,N CW =526848,N F =531200 or 531456 or 531712 or 531840 or 532224 or 532480 or 532608 or 532864 or 532992 or 533120; N PG =128,N CW =702464,N F =708096 or 708224 or 708480 or 708608 or 708736 or 708864 or 708992 or 709120 or 709376 or 709504 or 709632 or 709888 or 710016 or 710144 or 710272 or 710400 or 710528 or 710656; N PG =96, N CW =172032,N F =173952 or 174048 or 174240 or 174336 or 174432 or 174528; N PG =96, N CW =344064,N F =347904 or 348000 or 348096 or 348192 or 348384 or 348480 or 348672 or 348768 or 348864 or 349056; N PG =96, N CW =516096,N F =521664 or 521856 or 522144 or 522240 or 522720 or 522816 or 523008 or 523200 or 523296 or 523393 or 523488 or 523584 or 523776; N PG =96, N CW =688128,N F =695520 or 695808 or 695904 or 696000 or 696192 or 696384 or 696672 or 696768 or 696864 or 696960 or 697056 or 697248 or 697344 or 697536 or 697632 or 697728 or 698112 or 698400; N PG =96, N CW =150528,N F =152160 or 152256 or 152352 or 152448 or 152544 or 152640 or 152736; N PG =96, N CW =129024,N F =130464 or 130560 or 130752 or 130848 or 130944; N PG =96, N CW =107520,N F =108768 or 108864 or 108960 or 109056; N PG =96, N CW =175616,N F =177504 or 177600 or 177888 or 177984 or 178080 or 178176; N PG =96, N CW =351232,N F =355008 or 355104 or 355200 or 355488 or 355680 or 355776 or 355872 or 355968 or 356160 or 356352 or 356448; N PG =96, N CW =526848,N F =532416 or 532512 or 532608 or 532704 or 532800 or 532896 or 532992 or 533280 or 533376 or 533568 or 533664 or 533760 or 533856 or 533952 or 534144 or 534240 or 534336 or 534432 or 534528; N PG =96, N CW =702464,N F =709920 or 710016 or 710112 or 710208 or 710304 or 710400 or 710688 or 710784 or 710976 or 711168 or 711264 or 711360 or 711552 or 711648 or 711744 or 711936 or 712320 or 712416 or 712704 or 712800 or 712896.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is quadrature phase shift keying QPSK, A=-1 or 1; Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 16QAM, Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 64QAM, 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that A=A FAW 。 13. A data transmission method for optical communication, characterized in that: include: A superframe comprising a plurality of subframes is received, wherein the subframes include pilot symbols, wherein in one polarization direction, the number N of the pilot symbols in the subframes is PS is an even number greater than 0, each of the pilot symbols is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, and each consecutive N in the subframe PG The N symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position. PG is 96 or 128, the superframe includes a first type of subframe, and the first type of subframe also includes N FAW frame synchronization symbols, each frame synchronization symbol is -A FAW -A FAW j, -A FAW +A FAW j. A FAW -A FAW j and A FAW +A FAW j is one of the four plural forms, A FAW is a real number, the N FAW is an even number; The superframe is decoded.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The starting position of the first type of subframe is a pilot symbol.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that N FAW The consecutive frame synchronization symbols are arranged starting from the next bit of the pilot symbol in the first type of subframe.

16. A chip, characterized in that: The chip includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory and the processor are connected to each other via a line, instructions are stored in the memory, and the processor is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. A data transmission device applied to a transmitting end, characterized in that: include: A processing unit and a sending unit; The processing unit is used to: obtain a superframe including a plurality of subframes, wherein the subframe includes a pilot symbol, wherein in one polarization direction, the number N of the pilot symbols in the subframe PS is an even number greater than 0, each of the pilot symbols is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, and each consecutive N in the subframe PG The N symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position. PG is 96 or 128, the superframe includes a first type of subframe, and the first type of subframe also includes N FAW frame synchronization symbols, each frame synchronization symbol is -A FAW -A FAW j, -A FAW +A FAW j. A FAW -A FAW j and A FAW +A FAW j is one of the four plural forms, A FAW is a real number, the N FAW is an even number; The sending unit is used to send the superframe.

18. The data transmission device according to claim 17, characterized in that: In one subframe, a pilot symbol sequence including a plurality of pilot symbols in a first polarization direction is different from a pilot symbol sequence including a plurality of pilot symbols in a second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

19. The data transmission device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that: In one subframe, the sum of the real parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0; In the first type of subframe, N FAW The sum of the real parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0. FAW The sum of the imaginary parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0.

20. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that: In a subframe, the number of pilot symbols having values ​​of -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj in a polarization direction differs from each other by less than or equal to 2.

21. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that: In a subframe, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols -A+Aj in two polarization directions, the number of pilot symbols A-Aj in two polarization directions, and the number of pilot symbols A+Aj in two polarization directions are the same, and the two polarization directions are orthogonal to each other.

22. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that: The starting position of the first type of subframe is a pilot symbol.

23. The data transmission device according to claim 22, characterized in that: N FAW The consecutive frame synchronization symbols are arranged starting from the next bit of the pilot symbol in the first type of subframe.

24. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that: The first type of subframe also includes a reserved symbol and a pre-framing symbol. In the first type of subframe, the frame synchronization symbol is located before the reserved symbol, and the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol.

25. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that: The superframe includes at least one second-type subframe, and the second-type subframe also includes a pre-framing symbol.

26. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 17 to 25, characterized in that: The number of pre-framing symbols in the superframe is N CW , the number of all symbols in the superframe is N F , N PG 、N CW and N F The corresponding relationship between them is one of the following items: N PG =128,N CW =172032,N F =173440 or 173568 or 173696 or 173824 or 173952 or 174080; N PG =128,N CW =344064,N F =346880 or 347136 or 347392 or 347520 or 347648 or 347776 or 347904 or 348160; N PG =128,N CW =516096,N F =520192 or 520320 or 520448 or 520576 or 520704 or 520832 or 520960 or 521088 or 521472 or 521600 or 521856 or 522240; N PG =128,N CW =688128,N F =693760 or 693888 or 694144 or 694272 or 694400 or 694656 or 694784 or 694912 or 695040 or 695296 or 695552 or 695808 or 696192 or 696320; N PG =128,N CW =150528,N F =152064 or 152192 or 152320; N PG =128,N CW =129024,N F =130176 or 130560; N PG =128,N CW =107520,N F =108416 or 108544 or 108672 or 108800; N PG =128,N CW =175616,N F =177152 or 177280 or 177408 or 177536 or 177664; N PG =128,N CW =351232,N F =354304 or 354432 or 354560 or 354688 or 354816 or 354944 or 355072 or 355200 or 355328; N PG =128,N CW =526848,N F =531200 or 531456 or 531712 or 531840 or 532224 or 532480 or 532608 or 532864 or 532992 or 533120; N PG =128,N CW =702464,N F =708096 or 708224 or 708480 or 708608 or 708736 or 708864 or 708992 or 709120 or 709376 or 709504 or 709632 or 709888 or 710016 or 710144 or 710272 or 710400 or 710528 or 710656; N PG =96, N CW =172032,N F =173952 or 174048 or 174240 or 174336 or 174432 or 174528; N PG =96, N CW =344064,N F =347904 or 348000 or 348096 or 348192 or 348384 or 348480 or 348672 or 348768 or 348864 or 349056; N PG =96, N CW =516096,N F =521664 or 521856 or 522144 or 522240 or 522720 or 522816 or 523008 or 523200 or 523296 or 523393 or 523488 or 523584 or 523776; N PG =96, N CW =688128,N F =695520 or 695808 or 695904 or 696000 or 696192 or 696384 or 696672 or 696768 or 696864 or 696960 or 697056 or 697248 or 697344 or 697536 or 697632 or 697728 or 698112 or 698400; N PG =96, N CW =150528,N F =152160 or 152256 or 152352 or 152448 or 152544 or 152640 or 152736; N PG =96, N CW =129024,N F =130464 or 130560 or 130752 or 130848 or 130944; N PG =96, N CW =107520,N F =108768 or 108864 or 108960 or 109056; N PG =96, N CW =175616,N F =177504 or 177600 or 177888 or 177984 or 178080 or 178176; N PG =96, N CW =351232,N F =355008 or 355104 or 355200 or 355488 or 355680 or 355776 or 355872 or 355968 or 356160 or 356352 or 356448; N PG =96, N CW =526848,N F =532416 or 532512 or 532608 or 532704 or 532800 or 532896 or 532992 or 533280 or 533376 or 533568 or 533664 or 533760 or 533856 or 533952 or 534144 or 534240 or 534336 or 534432 or 534528; N PG =96, N CW =702464,N F =709920 or 710016 or 710112 or 710208 or 710304 or 710400 or 710688 or 710784 or 710976 or 711168 or 711264 or 711360 or 711552 or 711648 or 711744 or 711936 or 712320 or 712416 or 712704 or 712800 or 712896.

27. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 17 to 26, characterized in that: In one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is quadrature phase shift keying QPSK, A=-1 or 1; Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 16QAM, Alternatively, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the superframe is 64QAM, 28. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 17 to 27, characterized in that: A=A FAW 。 29. A data transmission device applied to a receiving end, characterized in that: include: a receiving unit and a processing unit; The receiving unit is used to: receive a superframe including a plurality of subframes, wherein the subframe includes a pilot symbol, wherein in one polarization direction, the number N of the pilot symbols in the subframe PS is an even number greater than 0, each of the pilot symbols is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, and each consecutive N in the subframe PG The N symbols include a pilot symbol located at a fixed position. PG is 96 or 128, the superframe includes a first type of subframe, and the first type of subframe also includes N FAW frame synchronization symbols, each frame synchronization symbol is -A FAW -A FAW j, -A FAW +A FAW j. A FAW -A FAW j and A FAW +A FAW j is one of the four plural forms, A FAW is a real number, the N FAW is an even number; The processing unit is used for decoding the super frame.

30. The data transmission device according to claim 29, characterized in that: In one subframe, a pilot symbol sequence including a plurality of pilot symbols in a first polarization direction is different from a pilot symbol sequence including a plurality of pilot symbols in a second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

31. The data transmission device according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that: In one subframe, the sum of the real parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts of all pilot symbols in one polarization direction is 0; In the first type of subframe, N FAW The sum of the real parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0. FAW The sum of the imaginary parts of the frame synchronization symbols is 0.

32. A data transmission system, characterized in that: include: The data transmission device according to any one of claims 17 to 28 and the data transmission device according to any one of claims 29 to 31.

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