Paging or service triggering of AIOT devices
The method for paging or service triggering of AIoT devices, which involves receiving and acting upon configuration messages, addresses the inefficiencies in current IoT systems, thereby enhancing the performance and efficiency of AIoT device communication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/102590
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless IoT systems face challenges in efficiently supporting battery-less AIoT devices and those with limited energy storage, particularly in enhancing paging or service triggering mechanisms.
The proposed solution involves a method and apparatus for paging or service triggering of AIoT devices, where a first device receives a message and configuration from a second device, and transmits a paging message or triggers a service to AIoT devices based on the received configuration.
This approach improves the flexibility and efficiency of paging or service triggering for AIoT devices, enhancing the overall performance of AIoT systems by ensuring effective communication and resource allocation.
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Figure CN2024102590_03042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PAGING OR SERVICE TRIGGERING OF AIOT DEVICESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to devices, processors for wireless communication and methods for paging or service triggering of ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Internet of things (IoT) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. More ‘things’a re expected to be interconnected for improving productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life. Most of the current wireless IoT devices are powered by battery that need to be replaced or recharged manually. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of markets requiring enhanced IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. Technologies are under development to capture use cases, traffic scenarios, device constraints of ambient power-enabled IoT devices and identify potential service requirements as well as potential key performance indicators. Transmission enhancements for ambient IoT (AIoT) devices, especially, enhancements on paging or service triggering of AIoT devices, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support paging or service triggering of AIoT devices. With the apparatuses and methods, the procedure and signalings of paging or service triggering of AIoT devices are designed.
[0005] In a first aspect of the solution, a first device receives, from a second device, a first message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices. The first device receives, from the second device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices; and transmits, to the one or more AIoT devices, a second message for paging the one or more AIoT devices or triggering the service based on the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices. In this way, the procedure and signalings of paging or service triggering of AIoT devices are designed.
[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises at least one of the following: a resource set for communications between the first device and AIoT devices; or a mapping relationship between a range of the number of AIoT devices and a parameter associated with access occasions for AIoT devices.
[0007] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is received before the first message is received. The second message is transmitted based on the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the case that no dynamic configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is received.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, receiving the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises one of the following: receiving the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices after transmitting an indication of a capability of the first device to the second device; or receiving the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices after registering of the first device in a third device.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is valid in the case of at least one of the following: the first device is in a pre-defined area; a pre-defined timer is running; or no updated configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is received.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the pre-defined area comprises a coverage area of the second device, and in the case that the first device is out of the coverage area of the second device, one of the following: the second message is transmitted based on a pre-defined configuration; or the transmission of the second message is skipped.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, transmitting the second message based on the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises: determining first resources for the first device transmitting the second message to the one or more AIoT devices and second resources for the one or more AIoT devices transmitting responses of the second message to the first device based on the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices and the first message; and transmitting the second message using the first resources, wherein the second message comprises an indication of the second resources.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises at least one of the following: first resources for the first device transmitting the second message to the one or more AIoT devices; second resources for the one or more AIoT devices transmitting responses of the second message to the first device, wherein the second message comprises an indication of the second resources; an indication of a transmission power for the first device transmitting the second message; or an indication of a transmission periodicity of the second message.
[0013] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second device, a resource configuration request in response to receiving the first message. The configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is received in response to transmitting the resource configuration request.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the resource configuration request comprises at least one of the following: a requirement or a preference for the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices; or assistance data for the second device to determine the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.
[0015] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include one of the following: determining to transmit the second message based on a pre-configuration in the case that the pre-configuration is received before the first message is received, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is the pre-configuration; or determining to transmit the second message based on a requested resource configuration in the case that no pre-configuration is received before the first message is received, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is the requested resource configuration received in response to transmitting a resource configuration request to the second device.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a pre-configuration is received before the first message is received. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining whether to transmit the second message based on the pre-configuration or based on a requested resource configuration; and in the case of determining to transmit the second message based on the pre-configuration, skipping transmitting a resource configuration request, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is the pre-configuration; or in the case of determining to transmit the second message based on the requested resource configuration, transmitting, to the second device, a resource configuration request, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is the requested resource configuration received in response to transmitting a resource configuration request to the second device.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, whether to transmit the second message based on the pre-configuration or based on the requested resource configuration is determined based on one of the following: a random selection by the first device; or a type of the service.
[0018] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second device, a request of assistance data; and transmitting, to the second device, the assistance data based on the request of the assistance data, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is determined based on the assistance data.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the request of the assistance data comprises one of the following: an indication that the assistance data is used for determining resource configurations associated with AIoT devices; an indication of requested content of the assistance data.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, indication of the requested content of the assistance data comprises at least one of the following: a request for a cause of the first message; a request for a type of the service; a request for the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices; a request for an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the first message; a request for a size of a response for the second message or a range of a size of a response for the second message; or a request for information of the first device.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the assistance data comprises at least one of the following: an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices; an indication of the service; a type of the service; an indication of whether a response for the second message is expected; a size of a response for the second message or a range of a size of a response for the second message; the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices; an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the first message; the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device or a range of the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device; a maximum transmission power of the first device; one or more device types of the one or more AIoT devices; or a latency requirement.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the type of the service comprises one of the following: an inventory type for identifying each of the one or more AIoT devices, a command type for performing an operation related to the one or more AIoT devices, a reading type for reading data from the one or more AIoT devices, a writing type for writing data to the one or more AIoT devices, a disabling type for disabling the one or more AIoT devices, a sensor type for collecting sensor data from one or more AIoT devices, or a positioning type for obtaining the position of one or more AIoT devices.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the first message comprises one of the following: a first type indicative of a single ID for a single AIoT device; a second type indicative of multiple IDs for multiple AIoT devices; a third type indicative of a group ID for a group of AIoT devices; or a fourth type indicative of an absence of an identifier associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the first message.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises at least one of a first condition or a second condition. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of the following: re-initiating at least one transmission of the second message in the case that the first condition is fulfilled; or transmitting, to the second device, a failure indication in the case that the second condition is fulfilled.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first condition comprises one of the following: no response for the second message is received during an access round; no response for the second message is received during a first number of continuous access occasions; or no response for the second message is received during a time window.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first condition is associated with a type of the service.
[0027] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second device, a configuration of re-initiated transmissions. The at least one transmission of the second message is re-initiated based on the configuration of re-initiated transmissions. The configuration of re-initiated transmissions comprises at least one of the following: the number of re-initiated transmissions; or a power configuration of re-initiated transmissions.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second condition comprises one of the following: no response for the second message is received during an access round; no response for the second message is received during a second number of continuous access occasions; no response for the second message is received during a time window; or the number of failures of re-initiated transmissions of the second message reaches a predetermined threshold.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second condition is associated with a type of the service.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the failure indication comprises at least one of the following: an indication of a paging failure or an indication of a triggering failure; or a cause of a paging failure or a cause of a triggering failure.
[0031] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of the following: receiving, from the second device, an activation indication of the first condition; or receiving, from the second device, an activation indication of the second condition.
[0032] In a second aspect of the solution, a second device receives, from a third device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices. The second device transmits, to a first device, a first message associated with paging the one or more AIoT devices or requesting or triggering the service for the one or more AIoT devices. The second device transmits, to the first device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.
[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises at least one of the following: a resource set for communications between the first device and AIoT devices; or a mapping relationship between a range of the number of AIoT devices and a parameter associated with access occasions for AIoT devices.
[0034] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, transmitting the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises one of the following: transmitting the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices after receiving an indication of a capability of the first device from the first device; or transmitting the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices after registering of the first device in the third device.
[0035] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is valid in the case of at least one of the following: the first device is in a pre-defined area; a pre-defined timer is running; or no updated configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is transmitted.
[0036] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the pre-defined area comprises a coverage area of the second device.
[0037] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises at least one of the following: first resources for the first device transmitting a second message to the one or more AIoT devices; second resources for the one or more AIoT devices transmitting responses for a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device; an indication of a transmission power for the first device transmitting a second message to the one or more AIoT devices; or an indication of a transmission periodicity for the first device transmitting a second message to the one or more AIoT devices.
[0038] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the first device, a resource configuration request in response to receiving the first message. The configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is transmitted in response to receiving the resource configuration request.
[0039] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the resource configuration request comprises at least one of the following: a requirement or a preference for the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices; or assistance data for the second device to determine the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.
[0040] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the third device, an indication that the third message is associated with AIoT devices; transmitting, to the first device or the third device, a request of assistance data; receiving, from the first device or the third device, the assistance data; and determine the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices based on the assistance data.
[0041] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the request of the assistance data comprises one of the following: an indication that the assistance data is used for determining resource configurations associated with AIoT devices; or an indication of requested content of the assistance data.
[0042] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data comprises at least one of the following: a request for a cause of the first message or the third message; a request for a type of the service; a request for the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices; a request for an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the first message or the third message; a request for a size of a response for a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device or a range of a size of a response for the second message; or a request for information of the first device.
[0043] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the assistance data comprises at least one of the following: an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices; an indication of the service; a type of the service; an indication of whether a response from the one or more AIoT devices to the first device is expected; a size of a response for a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device or a range of a size of a response for the second message; the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices; an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the first message or the third message; the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device or a range of the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device; a maximum transmission power of the first device; one or more device types of the one or more AIoT devices; or a latency requirement.
[0044] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the type of the service comprises one of the following: an inventory type for identifying each of the one or more AIoT devices, a command type for performing an operation related to the one or more AIoT devices, a reading type for reading data from the one or more AIoT devices, a writing type for writing data to the one or more AIoT devices, a disabling type for disabling the one or more AIoT devices, a sensor type for collecting sensor data from one or more AIoT devices, or a positioning type for obtaining the position of one or more AIoT devices.
[0045] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises one of the following: a first type indicative of a single ID for a single AIoT device; a second type indicative of multiple IDs for multiple AIoT devices; a third type indicative of a group ID for a group of AIoT devices; or a fourth type indicative of an absence of an identifier associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the first message or the third message.
[0046] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the third device, information of the third message; and determining the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices based on the information of the third message.
[0047] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information of the third message comprises at least one of the following: an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices; an indication of the service; a type of the service; an indication of whether a response from the one or more AIoT devices to the first device is expected; a size of a response for a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device or a range of a size of a response for the second message; the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices; an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the third message; one or more device types of the one or more AIoT devices; or a latency requirement.
[0048] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first message comprises the third message.
[0049] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining the first message based on the third message; and determining the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices based on the third message.
[0050] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises at least one of the following: a first condition for re-initiating at least one transmission of a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device after the first device transmits the second message to the one or more AIoT device; or a second condition for the first device reporting a failure indication.
[0051] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first condition comprises one of the following: no response for the second message is received by the first device during an access round; no response for the second message is received by the first device during a first number of continuous access occasions; or no response for the second message is received by the first device during a time window.
[0052] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first condition is associated with a type of the service.
[0053] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the first device, a configuration of re-initiated transmissions. The configuration of re-initiated transmissions comprises at least one of the following: the number of re-initiated transmissions; or a power configuration of re-initiated transmissions.
[0054] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second condition comprises one of the following: no response for the second message is received by the first device during an access round; no response for the second message is received by the first device during a second number of continuous access occasions; no response for the second message is received by the first device during a time window; or the number of failures of re-initiated transmissions of the second message reaches a predetermined threshold.
[0055] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second condition is associated with a type of the service.
[0056] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the failure indication comprises at least one of the following: an indication of a paging failure or an indication of a triggering failure; or a cause of a paging failure or a cause of a triggering failure.
[0057] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of the following: transmitting, to the first device, an activation indication of the first condition; or transmitting, to the first device, an activation indication of the second condition.
[0058] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices from the third device.
[0059] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the third device, the configuration of re-initiated transmissions.
[0060] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of the following: receiving, from the third device, the activation indication of the first condition; or receiving, from the third device, the activation indication of the second condition.
[0061] In a third aspect of the solution, a third device transmits, to a second device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices. The third device transmits, to the second device, at least one of the following: an indication that the third message is associated with AIoT devices; information of the third message for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices; assistance data for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices; a first condition for re-initiating at least one transmission of a second message from a first device to the one or more AIoT devices; or a second condition for the first device reporting a failure indication after transmitting a second message to the one or more AIoT devices.
[0062] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second device, a request of the assistance data.
[0063] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the request of the assistance data comprises one of the following: an indication that the assistance data is used for determining resource configurations associated with AIoT devices; or an indication of requested content of the assistance data.
[0064] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data comprises at least one of the following: a request for a cause of the third message; a request for a type of the service; a request for the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices; a request for an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the third message; or a request for a size of a response for a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device or a range of a size of a response for the second message.
[0065] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the assistance data comprises at least one of the following: an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices; an indication of the service; a type of the service; an indication of whether a response from the one or more AIoT devices to the first device is expected; a size of a response for a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device or a range of a size of a response for the second message; the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices; an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the third message; one or more device types of the one or more AIoT devices; or a latency requirement.
[0066] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the type of the service comprises one of the following: an inventory type for identifying each of the one or more AIoT devices, a command type for performing an operation related to the one or more AIoT devices, a reading type for reading data from the one or more AIoT devices, a writing type for writing data to the one or more AIoT devices, a disabling type for disabling the one or more AIoT devices, a sensor type for collecting sensor data from one or more AIoT devices, or a positioning type for obtaining the position of one or more AIoT devices.
[0067] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises one of the following: a first type indicative of a single ID for a single AIoT device; a second type indicative of multiple IDs for multiple AIoT devices; a third type indicative of a group ID for a group of AIoT devices; or a fourth type indicative of an absence of an identifier associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the third message.
[0068] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information of the third message comprises at least one of the following: an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices; an indication of the service; a type of the service; an indication of whether a response from the one or more AIoT devices to the first device is expected; a size of a response for a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device or a range of a size of a response for the second message; the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices; an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the third message; one or more device types of the one or more AIoT devices; or a latency requirement.
[0069] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first condition comprises one of the following: no response for the second message is received by the first device during an access round; no response for the second message is received by the first device during a first number of continuous access occasions; or no response for the second message is received by the first device during a time window.
[0070] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first condition is associated with a type of the service.
[0071] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second device, a configuration of re-initiated transmissions. The configuration of re-initiated transmissions comprises at least one of the following: the number of re-initiated transmissions; or a power configuration of re-initiated transmissions.
[0072] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second condition comprises one of the following: no response for the second message is received by the first device during an access round; no response for the second message is received by the first device during a second number of continuous access occasions; no response for the second message is received by the first device during a time window; or the number of failures of re-initiated transmissions of the second message reaches a predetermined threshold.
[0073] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second condition is associated with a type of the service.
[0074] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the failure indication comprises at least one of the following: an indication of a paging failure or an indication of a triggering failure; or a cause of a paging failure or a cause of a triggering failure.
[0075] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of the following: transmitting, to the second device, an activation indication of the first condition; or transmitting, to the second device, an activation indication of the second condition.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0076] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0077] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of Topology 1 for AIoT networks.
[0078] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 for AIoT networks.
[0079] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of Topology 3 with downlink assistance for AIoT networks.
[0080] FIG. 1E illustrates an example of Topology 3 with uplink assistance for AIoT networks.
[0081] FIG. 1F illustrates an example of Topology 4 for AIoT networks.
[0082] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0083] FIGS. 3A through 3E illustrate example processes in which the base station does not decode the message for paging or service triggering of AIoT devices received from the core network in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0084] FIG. 4 illustrates an example process in which the base station decodes the message for paging or service triggering of AIoT devices received from the core network in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0085] FIGS. 5A through 5C illustrate example processes in which paging or service triggering of AIoT devices fails in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0086] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0087] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0088] FIGS. 8 through 10 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0089] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0090] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0091] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0092] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0093] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0094] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0095] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 5G new radio (NR) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0096] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0097] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0098] As used herein, the term “AIoT device” refers to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities. For the AIoT device, energy is provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source. The AIoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, a tag, etc. Compared with low- power and wide-coverage services, such as narrow band (NB) IoT, and enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) , AIoT has lower complexity and lower power consumption, and is suitable for more application scenarios.
[0099] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0100] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0101] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0102] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0103] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0104] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0105] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0106] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0107] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0108] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0109] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0110] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0111] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0112] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0113] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0114] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0115] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0116] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0117] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0118] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0119] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0120] AIoT devices are characterized according to their energy storage capacity, and capability of generating RF signals for their transmissions. An AIoT device has either no energy storage at all, or has limited energy storage.
[0121] In some implementations, relying on these storage capacities, AIoT devices may be implemented as the following categories: Device A, Device B and Device C. Device A has no energy storage and no independent signal generation / amplification and performs backscattering transmission. Device B has limited energy storage and has no independent signal generation and performs backscattering transmission. The use of stored energy in Device B may include amplification for reflected signals. Device C has limited energy storage and has independent signal generation. Device C has active RF components for transmission. A limited energy storage can be different among implementations within Device B or implementations within Device C, and different between Device B and Device C. Such storage is expected to be order (s) of magnitude smaller than an NB-IoT device would typically include. Device A, B, and C are able to demodulate control, data, etc from the relevant entity according to connectivity topology.
[0122] In some implementations, AIoT devices may be implemented as the following categories: Device 1, Device 2a and Device 2b. Device 1 has a peak power consumption of 1 μW, has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, and has neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. Device 2a has a peak power consumption of no greater than a few hundred μW, has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm and has both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. Device 2b has a peak power consumption of no greater than a few hundred μW, has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm and has both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is generated internally by the device. Other terminologies for the classification of AIoT devices are also possible.
[0123] In 3GPP release 18 (Rel-18) , the technical report (TR) 38.348 has made the study on A-IoT as follows:
[0124] Moreover, multiple connectivity topologies for Ambient IoT networks and devices are defined for the purposes of the study. In all these topologies, the Ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology. The links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional. Reference is made to FIGS. 1B through 1F to give example illustrations of these topologies. In the example illustrations, BS, UE, assisting node, or intermediate node could be implemented as multiple BSs, multiple UEs, multiple assisting nodes, or multiple intermediate nodes, respectively. The mixture of indoor and outdoor placement of such nodes is regarded as a network implementation choice. Account would need to be taken of potential impact on device or node complexity. In the connectivity topologies, this does not imply the existence of multi-hop assisting or intermediate nodes.
[0125] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of Topology 1. As shown in FIG. 1B, in Topology 1, an AIoT device 121 communicates with a base station 122 directly and bi-directionally. The communication between the base station 122 and the AIoT device 121 includes AIoT data and / or signalling. This topology includes a possibility that a transmission from the base station 122 to the AIoT device 121 is different from a transmission from the AIoT device 121 to the base station 122.
[0126] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2. As shown in FIG. 1C, in Topology 2, an AIoT device 131 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 133 between the AIoT device 131 and a base station 132. In this topology, the intermediate node 133 may be a relay node, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc., which is capable of AIoT. The intermediate node 133 transfers AIoT data and / or signalling between the base station 132 and the AIoT device 131.
[0127] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of Topology 3 with downlink assistance. FIG. 1E illustrates an example of Topology 3 with uplink assistance. As shown in FIGS. 1D and 1E, in Topology 3, an AIoT device 141 communicates with a base station 142 directly in one communication direction and communicates with an assisting node 143 between the AIoT device 141 and the base station 142 in another communication direction. In the Topology 3 with downlink assistance in FIG. 1D, the AIoT device 141 transmits data / signalling to the base station 142, and receives data / signalling from the assisting node 143. In the Topology 3 with uplink assistance in FIG. 1E, the AIoT device 141 receives data / signalling from the base station 142 and transmits data / signalling to the assisting node 143. In the Topology 3, the assisting node 143 can be a relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.
[0128] FIG. 1F illustrates an example of Topology 4. As shown in FIG. 1F, in Topology 4, an AIoT device 151 communicates with a UE 153 directly and bi-directionally. The communication between the UE 153 and the AIoT device 151 includes AIoT data and / or signalling.
[0129] The basic procedure for an AIoT device to enable data transmission includes, for example, paging, random access, data transmission, etc. In AIoT paging / initial triggering in Topology 2, a core network (CN) node may first transmit a message (e.g., a service request message, an AIoT paging message, an initial trigger message) to the intermediate node (e.g., a UE reader, or an intermediate UE) via the base station, and then the UE reader transmits a message (e.g., an AIoT paging message, or an initial trigger message) to the AIoT devices. The design on the interface between the UE reader and AIoT device may be common for Topology 1 and Topology 2. However, the Uu interface between the UE reader and the base station needs to be improved to support the AIoT paging procedure in Topology 2. It should be noted that although embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the AIoT paging procedure, some embodiments of the present disclosure may also apply to the AIoT service requesting or triggering procedure. It should be noted that although embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to Topology 2, some embodiments of the present disclosure may also apply to Topology 3.
[0130] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for paging or service triggering of AIoT devices. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a first device (for example, a UE reader) receives a message associated with paging one or more AIoT devices or requesting or triggering a service for AIoT device (s) from a second device (for example, a base station) . The first device receives a configuration associated with AIoT device (s) from the second device and transmits a message paging the AIoT device (s) or triggering the service to the AIoT device (s) based on the configuration associated with AIoT device (s) . The procedure and signalings of paging or service triggering of AIoT devices are designed. In this way, it is possible to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the paging or service triggering of AIoT devices, and thus improve the AIoT system performance efficiently.
[0131] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the processes 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1C. The process 200 may involve a first device 201, a second device 202, a third device 203 and AIoT device (s) 204. The AIoT device (s) 204 may comprise the AIoT device 131 as shown in FIG. 1C. The first device 201 may comprise the intermediate node 133 as shown in FIG. 1C. The third devie 203 may comprise the base station 132 as shown in FIG. 1C. The third device 203 may be implemented as a CN node in the core network 106 in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0132] As shown in FIG. 2, the third device 203 transmits (211) , to the second device 202, a message 212 associated with paging the AIoT device (s) 204 or requesting or triggering a service for the AIoT device (s) 204. The second device 202 receives (213) the message 212 and transmits (214) , to the first device 201, a message 215 associated with paging the AIoT device (s) 204 or requesting or triggering a service for the AIoT device (s) 204. The second device 202 also transmits (217) a configuration 218 to the first device 201. The configuration 218 may be transmitted to the first device 201 prior to the transmission of the message 215, or concurrently with the transmission of the message 215 or after the transmission of the message 215. In some embodiments, the configuration 218 may be specific to the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively, the configuration 218 may be commonly applicable to all AIoT device (s) . The first device 201 receives (216) the message 215 from the second device 202 and receives (219) the configuration 218 from the second device 202. The first device 201 transmits (220) , to the AIoT device (s) 204, a message 221 for paging the AIoT device (s) 204 or triggering the service based on the configuration 218. The AIoT device (s) 204 receives (222) the message 221 from the first device 201 and perform subsequent operations accordingly. In some embodiments, the message 215 may be referred to as a first message, the message 221 may be referred to as a second message, and the message 212 may be referred to as a third message.
[0133] In some embodiments, the type of the service may include one of the following: an inventory type for identifying each of the AIoT device (s) 204, a command type for performing an operation related to the AIoT device (s) 204, a reading type for reading data from the AIoT device (s) 204, a writing type for writing data to the AIoT device (s) 204, a disabling type for disabling the AIoT device (s) 204, a sensor type for collecting sensor data from AIoT device (s) , or a positioning type for obtaining the position of AIoT device (s) . Other service types are also possible.
[0134] Hereinbefore, some embodiments of paging or service triggering of AIoT devices are described in general terms. Hereinafter, some implementations of paging or service triggering of AIoT devices will be further detailed in regard to various specific aspects.
[0135] The first specific aspect is considering that the base station is responsible for assigning resources used by the UE reader and AIoT devices for AIoT paging and subsequent procedures, how to determine resources for AIoT services in the case that the base station cannot decode the service request message / AIoT paging message / initial trigger message from the CN node.
[0136] In some embodiments, the message 215 may include the message 212. In other words, the base station may not decode the service request message / AIoT paging message / initial trigger message from the CN node and may transmit the service request message / AIoT paging message / initial trigger message transparently to the UE reader.
[0137] In some embodiments, the configuration 218 may be received before the message 215 is received. In other words, the UE reader may determine the resources for AIoT services based on a pre-configuration from the base station.
[0138] In some embodiments, the configuration 218 may include a resource set for communications between the first device 201 and AIoT devices. For example, the UE reader may be provided with a pre-configuration including a resource pool / set used for an AIoT service between the UE reader and AIoT device (s) , e.g., a bandwidth, a frequency domain resource pre-configuration, a time domain resource pre-configuration, a code domain resource pre-configuration, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration 218 may include a mapping relationship between a range of the number of AIoT devices and a parameter associated with access occasions for AIoT devices. For example, the UE reader may be provided with a pre-configuration including the mapping relationship between the (rough) number of targeted AIoT devices and an access occasion parameter (e.g., Q-like value) .
[0139] In some embodiments, the message 221 may be transmitted based on the configuration 218 in the case that no dynamic configuration is received. In other words, the triggering to use the pre-configuration associated with AIoT devices may include that no dynamic resource configuration associated with AIoT devices is received.
[0140] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may receive the configuration 218 after transmitting an indication of a capability of the first device 201 to the second device 202. For example, the pre-configuration associated with AIoT devices may be provided by the base station after the UE reader reports its capability to the CN node via the base station or to the base station.
[0141] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may receive the configuration 218 after registering of the first device 201 in a third device 203. In other words, the pre-configuration associated with AIoT devices may be provided by the base station after the UE reader registers in the CN node.
[0142] In some embodiments, the configuration 218 may be valid if the first device 201 is in a pre-defined area. In other words, the pre-configuration is valid when the UE reader is in a pre-defined area. In some implementations, the pre-defined area may include a coverage area of the second device 202. In one example, if the first device 201 is out of the coverage area of the second device 202, the message 221 may be transmitted based on a pre-defined configuration. In another example, if the first device 201 is out of the coverage area of the second device 202, the transmission of the message 221 may be skipped. In other words, the pre-configuration is valid when the UE reader is in the coverage of the base station. If the UE reader is not in the coverage of the base station, the UE reader may use a pre-defined configuration provided by network, or the UE reader not be able to access AIoT service.
[0143] In some embodiments, the configuration 218 may be valid if a pre-defined timer is running. In some embodiments, the configuration 218 may be valid if no updated configuration 218 is received. In other words, the pre-configuration is valid until a re-configuration message is received.
[0144] In some embodiments, in order to transmit the message 221 based on the configuration 218, the first device 201 may determine first resources for the first device 201 transmitting the message 221 to the AIoT device (s) 204 and second resources for the AIoT device (s) 204 transmitting responses of the message 221 to the first device 201 based on the configuration 218 and the message 215, and then transmit the message 221 using the first resources. The message 221 may include an indication of the second resources. After receiving the message 221, the AIoT device (s) 204 may transmit a response to the first device 201 using the second resources.
[0145] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may receive the configuration 218 after receiving the message 215 or concurrently with receiving the message 215. The configuration 218 may include first resources for the first device 201 transmitting the message 221 to the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively, or additionally, the configuration 218 may include second resources for the AIoT device (s) 204 transmitting responses of the message 221 to the first device 201, wherein the message 221 may include an indication of the second resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the configuration 218 may include an indication of a transmission power for the first device 201 transmitting the message 221. Alternatively, or additionally, the configuration 218 may include an indication of a transmission periodicity of the message 221.
[0146] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may transmit, to the second device 202, a resource configuration request in response to receiving the message 215. The first device 201 may receive the configuration 218 after transmitting the resource configuration request. In other words, the UE reader may request the resource configuration for communication between the UE reader and AIoT device (s) from the base station. The resource configuration request may include a requirement or a preference for the configuration 218. Alternatively or additionally, the resource configuration request may include assistance data for the second device 202 to determine the configuration 218. The base station may determine the configuration 218 based on the resource configuration request.
[0147] In some embodiments, the assistance data may include an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include an indication of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a type of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include an indication of whether a response for the message 221 is expected. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a size of a response for the message 221 or a range of a size of a response for the message 221. In other words, the assistance data may include a (rough) message size to be responded by the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include the number of the AIoT device (s) 204 or a range of the number of the AIoT device (s) 204. In other words, the assistance data may include a (rough) number of targeted AIoT devices. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a an identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device 201 or a range of the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device 201. For example, the assistance data may include a (rough) number of covered AIoT devices of the UE reader or an order of magnitude of covered AIoT devices of the UE reader. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a maximum transmission power of the first device 201. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include one or more device types of the AIoT device (s) 204. For example, the assistance data may indicate that the type of the AIoT device (s) 204 is device 1, device 2a, device 2b, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a latency requirement. Other assistance data are also possible.
[0148] In some embodiments, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215 may include a first type indicative of a single ID for a single AIoT device. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that an ID of a single AIoT device is included in the message 215. Alternatively, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 may include a second type indicative of multiple IDs for multiple AIoT devices. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that multiple IDs of multiple AIoT devices are included in the message 215. Alternatively, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 may include a third type indicative of a group ID for a group of AIoT devices. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that a group ID for a group of AIoT devices is included in the message 215. Alternatively, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 may include a fourth type indicative of an absence of an identifier associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that no identifier associated with AIoT device (s) is included in the message 215. Other identifier types associated with the AIoT device (s) are also possible.
[0149] In some embodiments, both the pre-configuration and the requested resource configuration may be used for transmitting the message 221. The first device 201 may determine which one to use to transmit the message 221.
[0150] In some embodiments, the first device 201 may determine whether to use the pre-configuration or the requested resource configuration to transmit the message 221 based on some pre-defined rules. For example, the first device 201 may determine to transmit the message 221 based on a pre-configuration in the case that the pre-configuration is received before the message 215 is received. In this case, the configuration 218 is the pre-configuration. Alternatively, the first device 201 may determine to transmit the message 221 based on a requested resource configuration in the case that no pre-configuration is received before the message 215 is received. In this case, the configuration 218 is the requested resource configuration received after transmitting a resource configuration request to the second device 202. In other words, if the base station provides a pre-configuration, the UE reader may use the pre-configuration to determine resource-related information for communication between the UE reader and the AIoT devices; otherwise, the UE reader may request resource configuration from the base station.
[0151] In some embodiments, a pre-configuration may be received before the message 215 is received. The first device 201 may determine whether to transmit the message 221 based on the pre-configuration or based on a requested resource configuration. If the first device 201 determines to transmit the message 221 based on the pre-configuration, the first device 201 may skip transmitting a resource configuration request. In this case, the configuration 218 is the pre-configuration. If the first device 201 determines to transmit the message 221 based on the requested resource configuration, the first device 201 may transmit, to the second device 202, a resource configuration request. In this case, the configuration 218 is the requested resource configuration received after transmitting a resource configuration request to the second device 202. In some embodiments, whether to transmit the message 221 based on the pre-configuration or based on a requested resource configuration may be determined based on a random selection by the first device 201. Alternatively, the determination may be based on a type of the service.
[0152] In some embodiments, the second device 202 may receive, from the third device 203, at least an indication that the message 212 is associated with AIoT devices. The second device 202 may transmit a request of assistance data to the first device 201 and then receive the assistance data from the first device 201. The second device 202 may determine the configuration 218 based on the assistance data. In other words, the CN node may at least indicate the base station that the message 212 is an AIoT related message and the base station may request assistance data from the UE reader to determine the resource configuration for communication between the UE reader and the AIoT devices.
[0153] In some embodiments, the request of the assistance data may include an indication that the assistance data is used for determining resource configurations associated with AIoT devices. The first device 201 may thus be aware that the second device 202 is requesting assistance data related to AIoT devices or AIoT service.
[0154] Alternatively, the request of the assistance data may include an indication of requested content of the assistance data. In other words, a fine grained indication may be indicated by the base station to indicate the specific required assistance data. In some embodiments, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data may include a request for a cause of the message 215; a request for a type of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data may include a request for the number of the AIoT device (s) 204 or a range of the number of the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively or additionally, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data may include a request for an identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215. Alternatively or additionally, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data may include a request for a size of a response for a message 221 transmitted from the first device 201 to the AIoT device (s) 204 or a range of a size of a response for the message 221. Alternatively or additionally, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data may include a request for information of the first device 201.
[0155] In some embodiments, the assistance data may include an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include an indication of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a type of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include an indication of whether a response for the message 221 is expected. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a size of a response for the message 221 or a range of a size of a response for the message 221. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include the number of the AIoT device (s) 204 or a range of the number of the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include an identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device 201 or a range of the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device 201. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a maximum transmission power of the first device 201. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include one or more device types of the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a latency requirement. Other assistance data are also possible.
[0156] In some embodiments, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215 may include a first type indicative of a single ID for a single AIoT device. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that an ID of a single AIoT device is included in the message 215. Alternatively, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215 may include a second type indicative of multiple IDs for multiple AIoT devices. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that multiple IDs of multiple AIoT devices are included in the message 215. Alternatively, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215 may include a third type indicative of a group ID for a group of AIoT devices. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that a group ID for a group of AIoT devices is included in the message 215. Alternatively, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215 may include a fourth type indicative of an absence of an identifier associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 215. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that no identifier associated with AIoT device (s) is included in the message 215. Other identifier types associated with the AIoT device (s) are also possible.
[0157] Alternatively, the second device 202 may receive, from the third device 203, at least an indication that the message 212 is associated with AIoT devices. The second device 202 may transmit a request of assistance data to the third device 203 and then receive the assistance data from the third device 203. The second device 202 may determine the configuration 218 based on the assistance data. In other words, the CN node may at least indicate the base station that the message 212 is an AIoT related message and the base station may request assistance data from the CN node to determine the resource configuration for communication between the UE reader and the AIoT devices.
[0158] In some embodiments, the request of the assistance data may include an indication that the assistance data is used for determining resource configurations associated with AIoT devices.
[0159] Alternatively, the request of the assistance data may include an indication of requested content of the assistance data. In some embodiments, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data may include a request for a cause of the message 212; a request for a type of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data may include a request for the number of the AIoT device (s) 204 or a range of the number of the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively or additionally, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data may include a request for an identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 212. Alternatively or additionally, the indication of the requested content of the assistance data may include a request for a size of a response for a message 221 transmitted from the first device 201 to the AIoT device (s) 204 or a range of a size of a response for the message 221.
[0160] In some embodiments, the assistance data may include an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include an indication of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a type of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include an indication of whether a response for the message 221 is expected. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a size of a response for the message 221 or a range of a size of a response for the message 221. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include the number of the AIoT device (s) 204 or a range of the number of the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include an identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 212. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include one or more device types of the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance data may include a latency requirement. Other assistance data are also possible.
[0161] In some embodiments, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 212 may include a first type indicative of a single ID for a single AIoT device. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that an ID of a single AIoT device is included in the message 212. Alternatively, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 212 may include a second type indicative of multiple IDs for multiple AIoT devices. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that multiple IDs of multiple AIoT devices are included in the message 212. Alternatively, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 212 may include a third type indicative of a group ID for a group of AIoT devices. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that a group ID for a group of AIoT devices is included in the message 212. Alternatively, the identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 212 may include a fourth type indicative of an absence of an identifier associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the message 212. In other words, the assistance data may indicate that no identifier associated with AIoT device (s) is included in the message 212. Other identifier types associated with the AIoT device (s) are also possible.
[0162] In some embodiments, the second device 202 may receive information of the message 212 from the third device 203, and determine the configuration 218 based on the information of the message 212. In other words, the CN node may provide sufficient information about AIoT (paging) to the base station for the base station to assign resources for communication between the UE reader and the AIoT devices.
[0163] In some embodiments, the information of the message 212 may include an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices. Alternatively or additionally, the information of the message 212 may include an indication of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the information of the message 212 may include a type of the service. Alternatively or additionally, the information of the message 212 may include an indication of whether a response from the AIoT device (s) 204 to the first device 201 is expected. Alternatively or additionally, the information of the message 212 may include a size of a response for a message 221 transmitted from the first device 201 to the AIoT device (s) 204 or a range of a size of a response for the message 221. Alternatively or additionally, the information of the message 212 may include the number of the AIoT device (s) 204 or a range of the number of the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively or additionally, the information of the message 212 may include an identifier type associated with the AIoT device (s) 204 in the message 212. Alternatively or additionally, the information of the message 212 may include one or more device types of the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively or additionally, the information of the message 212 may include a latency requirement.
[0164] The second specific aspect is how to indicate the UE reader to send AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to AIoT devices in the case that the base station can decode service request message / AIoT paging message / initial trigger message from the CN node.
[0165] In some embodiments, the second device 202 may determine the message 215 based on the message 212; and determine the configuration 218 based on the message 212. For example, the base station may decode the AIoT paging message received form the CN node. The base station may provide the AIoT paging message and associated resource configuration to the UE reader directly without receiving assistance data from the UE reader or the CN node. The AIoT paging message and the resource configuration from the base station to the UE reader may be transmitted in one message or separate messages.
[0166] In some embodiments, the configuration 218 may include first resources for the first device 201 transmitting the message 221 to the AIoT device (s) 204. Alternatively, or additionally, the configuration 218 may include second resources for the AIoT device (s) 204 transmitting responses of the message 221 to the first device 201, wherein the message 221 may include an indication of the second resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the configuration 218 may include an indication of a transmission power for the first device 201 transmitting the message 221. Alternatively, or additionally, the configuration 218 may include an indication of a transmission periodicity of the message 221.
[0167] The third specific aspect is how to address the paging failure case. In some scenarios, the AIoT devices may response to the UE reader after receiving the AIoT paging message or service triggering message from the UE reader. In some scenarios, the UE reader might not receive the responses from the AIoT devices. The corresponding UE behaviors in such cases may be designed.
[0168] In some embodiments, the configuration 218 may include a first condition. The first device 201 may re-initiate at least one transmission of the message 221 in the case that the first condition is fulfilled. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration 218 may include a second condition. The first device 201 may transmit a failure indication to the second device 202 in the case that the second condition is fulfilled. In some embodiments, the failure indication may include an indication of a paging failure or an indication of a triggering failure. Alternatively or additionally, the failure indication may include a cause of a paging failure or a cause of a triggering failure.
[0169] The configuration 218 including at least one of the first condition or the second condition may be generated and transmitted by the second device 202. Alternatively, the configuration 218 may be generated by the third device 203 and transmitted to the first device 201 via the second device 202.
[0170] In some embodiments, the first condition may include that no response for the message 221 is received during an access round. Alternatively, the first condition may include that no response for the message 221 is received during a first number of continuous access occasions. Alternatively, the first condition may include that no response for the message 221 is received during a time window.
[0171] In some embodiments, the first condition may be associated with a type of the service. In other words, the first condition may change for different service types. Alternatively, the first condition may apply to different service types.
[0172] In some embodiments, in addition to the first condition, the first device 201 may also receive a configuration of re-initiated transmissions from the second device 202. The at least one transmission of the message 221 may be re-initiated based on the configuration of re-initiated transmissions. The configuration of re-initiated transmissions may include the number of re-initiated transmissions. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration of re-initiated transmissions may include a power configuration of re-initiated transmissions. The configuration of re-initiated transmissions may be generated and transmitted by the second device 202. Alternatively, the configuration of re-initiated transmissions may be generated by the third device 203 and transmitted to the first device 201 via the second device 202.
[0173] In some embodiments, in addition to the first condition, the first device 201 may also receive an activation indication or a deactivation indication of the first condition from the second device 202. The activation indication or the deactivation indication of the first condition may be generated and transmitted by the second device 202. Alternatively, the activation indication or the deactivation indication of the first condition may be generated by the third device 203 and transmitted to the first device 201 via the second device 202. In some other embodiments, the first condition may be activated since the first device 201 receives the first condition.
[0174] In some embodiments, the second condition may include that no response for the message 221 is received during an access round. Alternatively or additionally, the second condition may include that no response for the message 221 is received during a second number of continuous access occasions. Alternatively or additionally, the second condition may include that no response for the message 221 is received during a time window. Alternatively or additionally, the second condition may include that the number of failures of re-initiated transmissions of the message 221 reaches a predetermined threshold.
[0175] In some embodiments, the second condition may be associated with a type of the service. In other words, the second condition may change for different service types. Alternatively, the second condition may apply to different service types.
[0176] In some embodiments, in addition to the second condition, the first device 201 may also receive an activation indication or a deactivation indication of the second condition from the second device 202. The activation indication or the deactivation indication of the second condition may be generated and transmitted by the second device 202. Alternatively, the activation indication or the deactivation indication of the second condition may be generated by the third device 203 and transmitted to the first device 201 via the second device 202. In some other embodiments, the second condition may be activated since the first device 201 receives the second condition.
[0177] Considering that the base station is responsible for assigning resources for communication between the UE reader and AIoT devices for AIoT paging and subsequent procedures, some example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for the base station to assign resource for AIoT paging message transmission and subsequent transmission in the case that the base station cannot decode the service request message / AIoT paging message / initial trigger message from the CN node. FIGS. 3A through 3E illustrate example processes 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D and 300E in which the base station does not decode the message for paging or service triggering of AIoT devices received from the core network in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the processes 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D and 300E can be considered as specific examples of the process 200 of FIG. 2 and may be applied in an IoT network. The example implementations of FIGS. 3A through 3E are depicted and will be described from perspectives of a UE reader 301, a base station 302, a CN node 303 and AIoT device (s) 304. The UE reader 301, the base station 302 and the CN node 303 may be specific examples of the first device 201, the second device 202 and the third device 203 in FIG. 2, respectively. It is to be understood that processes 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D and 300E may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. Similar reference numerals in FIGS. 3A through 3E are used to denote the steps or components described in FIGS. 3A through 3E having the same operations, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0178] Reference is first made to FIG. 3A. In the process 300A, the UE reader 301 may determine the resources for AIoT services based on a pre-configuration from the base station 302. At 311, the base station 302 may provide a pre-configuration to the UE reader 301 via system information (SI) or a dedicated signaling. The content of pre-configuration may include a resource pool / set used for an AIoT service between the UE reader 301 and AIoT device (s) , e.g., a bandwidth, a frequency domain resource pre-configuration, a time domain resource pre-configuration, a code domain resource pre- configuration, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the content of pre-configuration may include the mapping relationship between the (rough) number of targeted AIoT devices and an access occasion parameter (e.g., Q-like value) . In some embodiments, the triggering to use the pre-configuration associated with AIoT devices may include that no dynamic resource configuration associated with AIoT devices is received
[0179] In some embodiments, the pre-configuration associated with AIoT devices may be provided by the base station 302 after the UE reader 301 reports its capability to the CN node 303 via the base station 302 or to the base station 302. Alternatively, the pre-configuration associated with AIoT devices may be provided by the base station 302 after the UE reader 301 registers in the CN node 303.
[0180] The pre-configuration may be valid when at least one validation condition is met. In some embodiments, the pre-configuration is valid when the UE reader 301 is in a pre-defined area. In some embodiments, the pre-configuration is valid when a pre-defined timer is running. In some embodiments, the pre-configuration is valid until re-configuration message was received.
[0181] In some embodiments, the pre-configuration is valid when the UE reader 301 is in the coverage of the base station 302. If the UE reader 301 is not in the coverage of the base station 302, the UE reader 301 may use a pre-defined configuration provided by network, or the UE reader 301 may not be able to access the AIoT service.
[0182] At 312, if the UE reader 301 is in a RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the CN node 303 triggers the UE reader 301 to enter a RRC_CONNECTED state, e.g., by transmitting a paging message to trigger the UE reader 301 to initiate a random access procedure. At 313, the CN node 303 may transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message to the base station 302. At 314, the base station 302 may forward the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message to the UE reader 301. These messages are merely examples, and other messages related to AIoT are also possible. In other words, the CN node 303 may transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message to the UE reader 301 via the base station 302.
[0183] At 315, the UE reader 301 may determine resources related information based on the pre-configuration and the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message. The resource related information may include the resources to be used by the UE reader 301 to transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304, and the resource related information used by the AIoT device (s) 304 for response.
[0184] At 316, the UE reader 301 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304. The UE reader 301 may indicate the resource related information to be used by the AIoT device (s) 304 for response in the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message.
[0185] In the process 300B in FIG. 3B, the UE reader 301 may request the resource configuration for communication between the UE reader 301 and the AIoT device (s) 304 from the base station 302.
[0186] At 312, if the UE reader 301 is in a RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the CN node 303 triggers the UE reader 301 to enter a RRC_CONNECTED state, e.g., by transmitting a paging message to trigger the UE reader 301 to initiate a random access procedure.
[0187] At 313 and 314, the CN node 303 may transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message to the UE reader 301 via the base station 302. These messages are merely examples, and other messages related to AIoT are also possible.
[0188] At 321, upon receiving the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request from the CN node 303, the UE reader 301 may request a resource configuration from the base station 302. The UE reader 301 may specify the requirement / preference for the resource configuration for AIoT (paging) . Alternatively or additionally, the UE reader may transmit assistance data in the ‘AIoT resource request’ message for the base station 302 to determine the resource configuration.
[0189] The assistance data may include at least one of the following: an AIoT paging / trigger / service indication; a service type (e.g., inventory, command, positioning, etc. ) ; an indication whether there’s feedbacks expected from the AIoT device (s) 304; the (rough) number of targeted AIoT devices; the identifier type of the AIoT device (s) 304 (e.g., a single ID, multiple IDs, a group ID, no ID) ; the (rough) message size to be responded by the AIoT device (s) 304; the (rough) number / order of magnitude of covered AIoT devices of The UE reader 301; the maximum transmission power of the UE reader 301; the device type (s) of the AIoT device (s) 304 (e.g., device 1, device 2a, device 2b, etc. ) ; or a latency requirement.
[0190] At 322, the base station 302 may provide a resource configuration to the UE reader 301. The resource configuration may include the resources to be used by the UE reader 301 to transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304, and the resource related information to be used by the AIoT device (s) 304 for response.
[0191] At 316, the UE reader 301 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304. The UE reader 301 may indicate the resource related information used by AIoT device for response in the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message.
[0192] In some embodiments, the UE reader 301 may determine whether to perform the process 300A or the process 300B. In some implementations, the UE reader 301 may determine whether to perform the process 300A or the process 300B based on some pre-defined rules. In an example, if the base station 302 provides the pre-configuration, the UE reader 301 may perform the process 300A; otherwise, the UE reader 301 may perform the process 300B. In another example, the base station 302 may provide a pre-configuration, and the UE reader 301 may randomly select to perform the process 300A or the process 300B. In some implementations, the UE reader 301 may determine whether to perform the process 300A or the process 300B based on network configuration. In other words, the network may configures the condition to perform the process 300A or the process 300B. In an example, the UE reader 301 may determine whether to perform the process 300A or the process 300B based on the service type. For example, the UE reader 301 may perform the process 300A for an inventory use case, and the UE reader 301 may perform the process 300B for a command use case.
[0193] In the process 300C in FIG. 3C, the base station 302 may request assistance data from the UE reader 301 to determine the resource configuration for communication between the UE reader 301 and the AIoT device (s) 304.
[0194] At 312, if the UE reader 301 is in a RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the CN node 303 triggers the UE reader 301 to enter a RRC_CONNECTED state, e.g., by transmitting a paging message to trigger the UE reader 301 to initiate a random access procedure.
[0195] At 313’ , the CN node 303 may transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message and at least AIoT (paging) indication to the base station 302. The AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message and the AIoT (paging) indication may be transmitted in one message or separate messages. At 314, the base station 302 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message to the UE reader 301.
[0196] At 331, the base station 302 may request assistance data from the UE reader 301. In some embodiments, the base station 302 may indicate the assistance data type, e.g., an indication that the requested assistance data is used for determining resources for AIoT paging. Alternatively, the base station 302 may indicate the specific required assistance data, e.g., paging cause, service type, (rough) number of targeted AIoT devices, the identifier type of targeted AIoT devices, the response message size, related information of the UE reader 301, etc.
[0197] At 332, the UE reader 301 may response the required assistance data to the base station 302. At 322, the base station 302 may provide the resource configuration to the UE reader 301. The resource configuration may include the resources to be used by the UE reader 301 to transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304, and the resource related information to be used by the AIoT device (s) 304 for response.
[0198] At 316, the UE reader 301 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304. The UE reader 301 may indicate the resource related information used by AIoT device for response in the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message.
[0199] In the process 300D in FIG. 3D, the base station 302 may request assistance data from the CN node 303 to determine the resource configuration for communication between the UE reader 301 and the AIoT device (s) 304.
[0200] At 312, if the UE reader 301 is in a RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the CN node 303 triggers the UE reader 301 to enter a RRC_CONNECTED state, e.g., by transmitting a paging message to trigger the UE reader 301 to initiate a random access procedure.
[0201] At 313’ , the CN node 303 may transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message and at least AIoT (paging) indication to the base station 302. The AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message and the AIoT (paging) indication may be transmitted in one message or separate messages. At 314, the base station 302 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message to the UE reader 301.
[0202] At 341, the base station 302 may request assistance data from the CN node 303. In some embodiments, the base station 302 may indicate the assistance data type, e.g., an indication that the requested assistance data is used for determining resources for AIoT paging. Alternatively, the base station 302 may indicate the specific required assistance data, e.g., paging cause, service type, (rough) number of targeted AIoT devices, the identifier type of targeted AIoT devices, the response message size, etc.
[0203] At 342, the CN node 303 may provide the required assistance data to the base station 302.
[0204] At 322, the base station 302 may provide the resource configuration to the UE reader 301. The resource configuration may include the resources to be used by the UE reader 301 to transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304, and the resource related information to be used by the AIoT device (s) 304 for response. In some examples, the base station 302 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message to the UE reader 301 simultaneously with providing the resource configuration to the UE reader 301.
[0205] At 316, the UE reader 301 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304. The UE reader 301 may indicate the resource related information used by AIoT device for response in the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message.
[0206] In the process 300E in FIG. 3E, the base station 302 may provide the resource configuration for communication between the UE reader 301 and the AIoT device (s) 304 directly without receiving assistance data.
[0207] At 312, if the UE reader 301 is in a RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the CN node 303 triggers the UE reader 301 to enter a RRC_CONNECTED state, e.g., by transmitting a paging message to trigger the UE reader 301 to initiate a random access procedure.
[0208] At 313” , the CN node 303 may transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message and sufficient information about AIoT (paging) to the base station 302 for assigning resources. The AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message and the sufficient information about AIoT (paging) may be transmitted in one message or separate messages.
[0209] The sufficient information about AIoT (paging) may include at least one of the following: an AIoT paging / trigger / service indication; a service type (e.g., inventory, command, positioning, etc. ) ; an indication whether there’s feedbacks expected from the AIoT device (s) ; the (rough) number of targeted AIoT devices; the identifier type of the AIoT device (s) (e.g., a single ID, multiple IDs, a group ID, no ID) ; the (rough) message size to be responded by the AIoT device (s) ; the device type (s) of the AIoT device (s) 304 (e.g., device 1, device 2a, device 2b, etc. ) ; or a latency requirement.
[0210] At 314, the base station 302 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message to the UE reader 301. At 322, the base station 302 may provide the resource configuration to the UE reader 301. The resource configuration may include the resources to be used by the UE reader 301 to transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304, and the resource related information to be used by the AIoT device (s) 304 for response. The AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message and the resource configuration may be transmitted from the base station 302 to the UE reader 301 in one message or separate messages .
[0211] At 316, the UE reader 301 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 304. The UE reader 301 may indicate the resource related information used by AIoT device for response in the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message.
[0212] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for the base station to indicate the UE reader to transmit AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to AIoT devices in the case that the base station can decode the service request message / AIoT paging message / initial trigger message from the CN node. FIG. 4 illustrates an example process in which the base station decodes the message for paging or service triggering of AIoT devices received from the core network in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the process 400 can be considered as a specific example of the process 200 of FIG. 2 and may be applied in an IoT network. The example implementations of FIG. 4 is depicted and will be described from perspectives of a UE reader 401, a base station 402, a CN node 403 and AIoT device (s) 404. The UE reader 401, the base station 402 and the CN node 403 may be specific examples of the first device 201, the second device 202 and the third device 203 in FIG. 2, respectively. It is to be understood that process 400 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0213] In the process 400, at 411, if the UE reader 401 is in a RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the CN node 403 triggers the UE reader 401 to enter a RRC_CONNECTED state, e.g., by transmitting a paging message to trigger the UE reader 401 to initiate a random access procedure. At 412, the CN node 403 may transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message to the base station 402. At 413, the base station 402 decodes the received AIoT paging message / initial trigger message / service request message.
[0214] At 414, the base station 402 may transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message and a resource configuration to the UE reader 401. The resource configuration is determined based on the contents of the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message. The AIoT paging message / initial trigger message and the resource configuration from the base station 402 to the UE reader 401 can be transmitted in one message or separate messages.
[0215] The resource configuration may include at least one of the following: the resources to be used for the UE reader 401 to transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT devices 404; the information / resources to be used by the AIoT devices 404 for response (e.g., a Q-like value) ; a transmit power of the UE reader 401; and a transmission periodicity for the UE reader 401 to transmit AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT devices 404.
[0216] At 415, the UE reader 401 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 404. The UE reader 401 may indicate the resource related information to be used by the AIoT device (s) 404 for response in the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message.
[0217] In some embodiments, the network (e.g., the base station, a CN node, the AIoT server) may detect the failure of the paging or the service and then take actions. For example, the network may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message again if the response is not received for a period of time. Alternatively, the UE reader may detect the failure of the paging or the service and take actions by the UE implementation. Alternatively, the UE reader may detect the failure of the paging or the service take actions under network control.
[0218] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for handling AIoT paging failures or AIoT service failures. FIGS. 5A through 5C illustrate example processes 500A, 500B and 500C in which paging or service triggering of AIoT devices fails in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the processes 500A, 500B, 500C can be considered as specific examples of the process 200 of FIG. 2 and may be applied in an IoT network. The example implementations of FIGS. 5A through 5C are depicted and will be described from perspectives of a UE reader 501, and AIoT device (s) 504. The UE reader 501, the base station 502 and the CN node 503 may be specific examples of the first device 201, the second device 202 and the third device 203 in FIG. 2, respectively. The processes 500A, 500B, 500C may also involve a base station 502 or a CN node 503. It is to be understood that processes 500A, 500B, 500C may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. Similar reference numerals in FIGS. 5A through 5C are used to denote the steps or components described in FIGS. 5A through 5C having the same operations, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0219] Reference is first made to FIG. 5A. In the process 500A, the UE reader 501 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT devices again if the condition for new transmission is satisfied. At 511, the base station 502 or the CN node 503 may transmit the condition for new transmission to the UE reader 501.
[0220] In some implementations, the condition may be common for different service types (e.g., inventory, command, positioning, etc. ) . Alternatively, the condition for new transmission may change for different service types. Some examples of the condition for new transmission may include but not limited to: no device response received during the round; no device response received during ‘N’ continuous access occasions; or no device response received during a time window after transmitting the AIoT paging message.
[0221] In some implementations, the UE reader 501 may determine the configuration for new transmission by implementation. Alternatively, at 512, the base station 502 or the CN node 503 may provide a configuration for new transmission to the UE reader 501. The configuration for new transmission may include the number of new transmissions, the power configuration for new transmissions, etc.
[0222] In some implementations, the condition for new transmissions is activated since the condition for new transmissions is configured. Alternatively, at 513, the base station 502 or the CN node 503 may activate / deactivate the condition for the configuration for new transmission. The configuration for new transmission provided by the network may also be activated / deactivated.
[0223] At 514, the AIoT device (s) 504 and the UE reader 501 may perform communication during an inventory round or at a number of occasions. If at 515, the UE reader 501 determines that the condition for new transmission is satisfied (e.g., if no response is received from the AIoT device (s) 504 during ‘N’ continuous access occasions) , at 516, the UE reader 501 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 504 again.
[0224] In the process 500B in FIG. 5B, the UE reader 501 may transmit a failure indication to the base station 502 or the CN node 503 if a failure report condition is satisfied. At 521, the base station 502 or the CN node 503 may provide a failure report condition to the UE reader 501.
[0225] In some implementations, the condition may be common for different service types (e.g., inventory, command, positioning, etc. ) . Alternatively, the condition for new transmission may change for different service types. Some examples of the condition for new transmission may include but not limited to: no device response received during the round; no device response received during ‘M’ continuous access occasions; no device response received during a time window after transmitting the AIoT paging message.
[0226] In some implementations, the failure report condition is activated since the failure report condition is configured. Alternatively, at 522, the base station 502 or the CN node 503 may activate / deactivate the failure report condition.
[0227] At 523, the AIoT device (s) 504 and the UE reader 501 may perform communication during an inventory round or at a number of occasions. If at 524, the UE reader 501 determines that the failure report condition is satisfied (e.g., if no response is received from the AIoT device (s) 504 during ‘M’ continuous access occasions) , at 525, the UE reader 501 may transmit a failure indication to the CN node 503. The failure indication may include the indication of a paging failure, the failure cause (e.g., no response during an access round) , etc.
[0228] In the process 500C in FIG. 5C, the UE reader 501 may transmit an AIoT paging message / initial trigger message again to the AIoT devices and / or may transmit a failure indication to the base station 502 or the CN node 503.
[0229] At 531, the base station 502 or the CN node 503 may provide both of the condition for new transmission and the failure report condition to the UE reader 501. The condition for new transmission may be same as in the process 500A. The failure report condition may be same as in the process 500B. Alternatively or additionally, the failure report condition may include “after ‘P’ re-transmission failures” .
[0230] In some implementations, the UE reader 501 may determine the configuration for new transmission by implementation. Alternatively, at 532, the base station 502 or the CN node 503 may provide a configuration for new transmission to the UE reader 501. The configuration for new transmission may include the number of new transmissions, the power configuration for new transmissions, etc.
[0231] In some implementations, the condition for new transmissions and the failure report condition are activated since the condition for new transmissions and the failure report condition are configured. Alternatively, at 533, the base station 502 or the CN node 503 may activate / deactivate at least one of the condition for new transmission or the failure report condition. For example, the base station 502 or the CN node 503 may indicate the UE reader 501 whether only the condition for new transmission or only the failure report condition is (de) activated, or both of the condition for new transmission and the failure report condition are (de) activated.
[0232] At 534, the AIoT device (s) 504 and the UE reader 501 may perform communication during an inventory round or at a number of occasions.
[0233] If at 535, the UE reader 501 determines that the condition for new transmission is satisfied (e.g., if no response is received from the AIoT device (s) 504 during ‘N’ continuous access occasions) , at 536-1, the UE reader 501 may transmit the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message to the AIoT device (s) 504 again. If at 535, the UE reader 501 determines that the failure report condition is satisfied (e.g., if ‘P’ re- transmissions of the AIoT paging message / initial trigger message fail) , at 536-2, the UE reader 501 may transmit a failure indication to the CN node 503. The failure indication may include the indication of a paging failure, the failure cause (e.g., no response during an access round) , etc.
[0234] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of the first device 201, the second device 202 or the third device 203 as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with one or more devices in the AIoT system. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0235] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0236] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0237] For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a second device, a first message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices; a means for receiving, from the second device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices; and a means for transmitting, to the one or more AIoT devices, a second message for paging the one or more AIoT devices or triggering the service based on the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.
[0238] In another example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a third device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices; a means for transmitting, to a first device, a first message associated with paging the one or more AIoT devices or requesting or triggering the service for the one or more AIoT devices; and a means for transmitting, to the first device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.
[0239] In a further example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices; and a means for transmitting, to the second device, at least one of the following: an indication that the third message is associated with AIoT devices; information of the third message for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices; assistance data for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices; a first condition for re-initiating at least one transmission of a second message from a first device to the one or more AIoT devices; or a second condition for the first device reporting a failure indication after transmitting a second message to the one or more AIoT devices.
[0240] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0241] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0242] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 602. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0243] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0244] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0245] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0246] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0247] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0248] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0249] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0250] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0251] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, and the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0252] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0253] For example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second device, a first message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices; a means for receiving, from the second device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices; and a means for transmitting, to the one or more AIoT devices, a second message for paging the one or more AIoT devices or triggering the service based on the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.
[0254] In another example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a third device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices; a means for transmitting, to a first device, a first message associated with paging the one or more AIoT devices or requesting or triggering the service for the one or more AIoT devices; and a means for transmitting, to the first device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.
[0255] In a further example, the processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices; and a means for transmitting, to the second device, at least one of the following: an indication that the third message is associated with AIoT devices; information of the third message for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices; assistance data for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices; a first condition for re-initiating at least one transmission of a second message from a first device to the one or more AIoT devices; or a second condition for the first device reporting a failure indication after transmitting a second message to the one or more AIoT devices.
[0256] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a first device 201 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0257] At 805, the method may include receiving, from a second device, a first message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices. The operations of 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed by a first device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0258] At 810, the method may include receiving, from the second device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a first device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0259] At 815, the method may include transmitting, to the one or more AIoT devices, a second message for paging the one or more AIoT devices or triggering the service based on the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices. The operations of 815 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 815 may be performed by a first device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0260] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a second device 202 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0261] At 905, the method may include receiving, from a third device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a second device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0262] At 910, the method may include transmitting, to a first device, a first message associated with paging the one or more AIoT devices or requesting or triggering the service for the one or more AIoT devices. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a second device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0263] At 915, the method may include transmitting, to the first device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices. The operations of 915 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 915 may be performed by a second device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0264] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports paging or service triggering of AIoT devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a third device 203 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0265] At 1005, the method may include transmitting, to a second device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a third device 203 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0266] At 1010, the method may include transmitting, to the second device, at least one of the following: an indication that the third message is associated with AIoT devices; information of the third message for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices; assistance data for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices; a first condition for re-initiating at least one transmission of a second message from a first device to the one or more AIoT devices; or a second condition for the first device reporting a failure indication after transmitting a second message to the one or more AIoT devices. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a third device 203 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0267] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0268] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0269] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0270] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0271] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0272] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to:receive, from a second device, a first message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices;receive, from the second device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices; andtransmit, to the one or more AIoT devices, a second message for paging the one or more AIoT devices or triggering the service based on the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises at least one of the following:a resource set for communications between the first device and AIoT devices; ora mapping relationship between a range of the number of AIoT devices and a parameter associated with access occasions for AIoT devices.3.The first device of claim 1, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is valid in the case of at least one of the following:the first device is in a pre-defined area;a pre-defined timer is running; orno updated configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is received.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises at least one of the following:first resources for the first device transmitting the second message to the one or more AIoT devices;second resources for the one or more AIoT devices transmitting responses of the second message to the first device, wherein the second message comprises an indication of the second resources;an indication of a transmission power for the first device transmitting the second message; oran indication of a transmission periodicity of the second message.5.The first device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:transmit, to the second device, a resource configuration request in response to receiving the first message,wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is received in response to transmitting the resource configuration request.6.The first device of claim 5, wherein the resource configuration request comprises at least one of the following:a requirement or a preference for the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices; orassistance data for the second device to determine the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.7.The first device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to perform one of the following:determining to transmit the second message based on a pre-configuration in the case that the pre-configuration is received before the first message is received, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is the pre-configuration; ordetermining to transmit the second message based on a requested resource configuration in the case that no pre-configuration is received before the first message is received, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is the requested resource configuration received in response to transmitting a resource configuration request to the second device.8.The first device of claim 1, wherein a pre-configuration is received before the first message is received, and the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:determine whether to transmit the second message based on the pre-configuration or based on a requested resource configuration; andin the case of determining to transmit the second message based on the pre-configuration, skip transmitting a resource configuration request, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is the pre-configuration;in the case of determining to transmit the second message based on the requested resource configuration, transmit, to the second device, a resource configuration request, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices is the requested resource configuration received in response to transmitting a resource configuration request to the second device,wherein whether to transmit the second message based on the pre-configuration or based on the requested resource configuration is determined based on one of the following:a random selection by the first device; ora type of the service.9.The first device of claim 6, wherein the assistance data comprises at least one of the following:an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices;an indication of the service;a type of the service;an indication of whether a response for the second message is expected;a size of a response for the second message or a range of a size of a response for the second message;the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices;an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the first message;the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device or a range of the number of AIoT devices within a coverage area of the first device;a maximum transmission power of the first device;one or more device types of the one or more AIoT devices; ora latency requirement.10.The first device of claim 1, wherein the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices comprises at least one of a first condition or a second condition, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to perform at least one of the following:re-initiating at least one transmission of the second message in the case that the first condition is fulfilled; ortransmitting, to the second device, a failure indication in the case that the second condition is fulfilled.11.The first device of claim 10, wherein the first condition comprises one of the following:no response for the second message is received during an access round;no response for the second message is received during a first number of continuous access occasions; orno response for the second message is received during a time window.12.The first device of claim 10, wherein the second condition comprises one of the following:no response for the second message is received during an access round;no response for the second message is received during a second number of continuous access occasions;no response for the second message is received during a time window; orthe number of failures of re-initiated transmissions of the second message reaches a predetermined threshold.13.The first device of claim 10, wherein the failure indication comprises at least one of the following:an indication of a paging failure or an indication of a triggering failure; ora cause of a paging failure or a cause of a triggering failure.14.The first device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to perform at least one of the following:receiving, from the second device, an activation indication of the first condition; orreceiving, from the second device, an activation indication of the second condition.15.A second device, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to:receive, from a third device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices;transmit, to a first device, a first message associated with paging the one or more AIoT devices or requesting or triggering the service for the one or more AIoT devices; andtransmit, to the first device, a configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices.16.The second device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the second device to:receive, from the third device, an indication that the third message is associated with AIoT devices;transmit, to the first device or the third device, a request of assistance data;receive, from the first device or the third device, the assistance data; anddetermine the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices based on the assistance data.17.The second device of claim 16, wherein the request of the assistance data comprises one of the following:an indication that the assistance data is used for determining resource configurations associated with AIoT devices;an indication of requested content of the assistance data.18.The second device of claim 17, wherein the indication of the requested content of the assistance data comprises at least one of the following:a request for a cause of the first message or the third message;a request for a type of the service;a request for the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices;a request for a type of at least one identifier associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the first message or the third message;a request for a size of a response for a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device or a range of a size of a response for the second message; ora request for information of the first device.19.The second device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the second device to:receive, from the third device, information of the third message; anddetermine the configuration associated with the one or more AIoT devices based on the information of the third message,wherein the information of the third message comprises at least one of the following:an indication of paging AIoT devices or an indication of triggering of the AIoT devices;an indication of the service;a type of the service;an indication of whether a response from the one or more AIoT devices to the first device is expected;a size of a response for a second message transmitted from the first device to the one or more AIoT device or a range of a size of a response for the second message;the number of the one or more AIoT devices or a range of the number of the one or more AIoT devices;an identifier type associated with the one or more AIoT devices in the third message;one or more device types of the one or more AIoT devices; ora latency requirement.20.A third device, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third device to:transmit, to a second device, a third message associated with paging one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices or requesting or triggering a service for one or more AIoT devices; andtransmit, to the second device, at least one of the following:an indication that the third message is associated with AIoT devices;information of the third message for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices;assistance data for the second device to determine a resource configuration associated with a communication between a first device and the one or more AIoT devices;a first condition for re-initiating at least one transmission of a second message from a first device to the one or more AIoT devices; ora second condition for the first device reporting a failure indication after transmitting a second message to the one or more AIoT devices.
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