Supply and demand management device, power supply and demand management system, supply and demand management method, and program

Abstract

The present invention provides a supply and demand management device capable of suppressing exhaustion of a grid storage battery when in an independent operation mode. This supply and demand management device for managing supply and demand of power of a microgrid includes: a disaster information acquisition unit for acquiring information related to a disaster; a constraint determination unit for determining a lower limit value of the state of charge of a grid storage battery connected to the microgrid on the basis of information related to the disaster; and a planning unit for formulating a supply and demand plan of a microgrid including a charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery with the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit being used as a constraint condition.

Description

Supply and demand management device, power supply and demand management system, supply and demand management method, and program

[0001] The present invention relates to a supply and demand management device, an electric power supply and demand management system, a supply and demand management method, and a program.

[0002] During disasters, the supply of electricity from the power grid may be interrupted, i.e., a power outage may occur. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using power sources within a specific area to continue supplying electricity within that area during a power outage. A power grid that can operate independently in a specific area, independent of the power grid, is called a microgrid (small-scale power grid).

[0003] Furthermore, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a demand response that controls the demand side rather than the supply side in order to balance the supply and demand of power in a grid.

[0004] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-048370 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-110698

[0005] However, in a microgrid in which the main power source is a grid storage battery, there is a problem in that the grid storage battery may become depleted when the grid enters an isolated operation mode in which it is unable to receive power from the power grid.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of these circumstances, and provides a supply and demand management device, a power supply and demand management system, a supply and demand management method, and a program that prevent depletion of grid storage batteries when an independent operation mode is entered.

[0007] This disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and one aspect of the present disclosure is a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, the supply and demand management device including a disaster information acquisition unit that acquires information related to a disaster, a constraint determination unit that determines a lower limit value of the state of charge of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid based on the information related to the disaster, and a planning unit that creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery, using the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit as a constraint condition.

[0008] Another aspect of the present disclosure is the supply and demand management device described above, wherein, when the microgrid is in a grid-connected mode in which it can receive power supply from another grid, the constraint determination unit sets the lower limit value of the state of charge during a period determined based on information related to the disaster to be a period in which the probability of a disaster occurring is higher than normal, higher than the lower limit value during normal times.

[0009] Another aspect of the present disclosure is the supply and demand management device described above, wherein the disaster-related information is meteorological observation information, meteorological forecast information, or earthquake observation information.

[0010] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, and includes a planning unit that plans a supply and demand plan for a planning period of the microgrid including demand response, a prediction unit that predicts the difference between the accumulated load and accumulated power generation of the microgrid for a period after the planning period, and a constraint determination unit that determines the state of charge of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid at the end of the planning period, the state of charge being based on the difference, as a constraint condition when the planning unit plans the supply and demand plan.

[0011] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, and includes: an interconnection plan acquisition unit that acquires interconnection plan information indicating a timing for connecting equipment to the microgrid; a constraint determination unit that determines, as a constraint condition, the charge and discharge amount of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid during a period including the timing; and a planning unit that uses the constraint condition to create a supply and demand plan for the microgrid during a planning period, including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery connected to the microgrid.

[0012] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, and includes a planning unit that uses a maximum power generation amount by time period of a PV (Photovoltaic) device connected to the microgrid as a control variable and creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid.

[0013] Another aspect of the present disclosure is the supply and demand management device described above, wherein the planning unit plans the supply and demand plan using a relational equation between the maximum power generation amount of the PV by time period and the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount of the microgrid, and a constraint equation that sets a combined value of the charge and discharge amount of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid and the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount within a chargeable and dischargeable power range of the system storage battery.

[0014] Another aspect of the present disclosure is the supply and demand management device described above, wherein the planning unit predicts a fluctuation in the supply and demand balance of the microgrid, and creates the supply and demand plan by suppressing the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period during time periods when the predicted fluctuation in the supply and demand balance exceeds a predetermined charging margin or discharging margin.

[0015] Another aspect of the present disclosure is the supply and demand management device described above, wherein the planning unit suppresses the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period when the measured value of the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery connected to the microgrid falls outside the target charge and discharge power range of the system storage battery.

[0016] Another aspect of the present disclosure is an electricity supply and demand management system that includes a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, and a consumer terminal that controls storage batteries of consumers of the microgrid, wherein the supply and demand management device sets information to the consumer terminal indicating an acceptable range of output fluctuations relative to an average electricity demand at the consumer, and the consumer terminal controls charging and discharging of the consumer's storage batteries when the electricity demand at the consumer exceeds an acceptable range of electricity demand based on the average electricity demand at the consumer and the information indicating the acceptable range of output fluctuations.

[0017] Another aspect of the present disclosure is the above-mentioned power supply and demand management system, wherein the supply and demand management device increases the discharge amount of the storage battery of a consumer connected to the microgrid when the average discharge amount of the system storage battery connected to the microgrid exceeds a threshold value.

[0018] Another aspect of the present disclosure is an electricity supply and demand management system including a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid and a resource aggregation device that aggregates resources of consumers in the microgrid, wherein the supply and demand management device includes a disaster information acquisition unit that acquires information related to a disaster, a constraint determination unit that determines a lower limit value of the state of charge of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid based on the information related to the disaster, and a planning unit that creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery, using the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit as a constraint condition.

[0019] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for managing supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, the method including the steps of acquiring information related to a disaster, determining a lower limit value of the state of charge of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid based on the information related to the disaster, and formulating a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery using the lower limit value as a constraint condition.

[0020] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a program for causing a computer to function as a disaster information acquisition unit that acquires information related to a disaster, a constraint determination unit that determines a lower limit value of the state of charge of a system storage battery connected to a microgrid based on the information related to the disaster, and a planning unit that creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery, using the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit as a constraint condition.

[0021] The supply and demand management device, power supply and demand management system, supply and demand management method, and program disclosed herein can prevent the depletion of the grid storage battery when the system enters the isolated operation mode.

[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of an electricity supply and demand management system 100 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a supply and demand management device 10 in the same embodiment. FIG. 2 is a time chart explaining the operation of a constraint determination unit 16 in the same embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flowchart explaining the operation of the supply and demand management device 10 in a grid-connected mode in the same embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a supply and demand management device 10a in a second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a time chart explaining the operation of a constraint determination unit 16a in the same embodiment. FIG. 6 is a flowchart explaining the operation of the supply and demand management device 10a in an isolated operation mode in the same embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a supply and demand management device 10b in a third embodiment. FIG. 8 is a time chart explaining the operation of the constraint determination unit 16b in the same embodiment. FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a supply and demand management device 10c in a fourth embodiment. FIG. 10 is an example graph of the charge and discharge amount of a grid storage battery 42 in the same embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a customer system 44 in a fifth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a flowchart explaining an example operation of the supply and demand management device 10 in the same embodiment. FIG. 13 is a flowchart explaining an example operation of the electricity supply and demand management system 100 in the same embodiment. FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram explaining the hardware configuration of each device according to each embodiment.

[0023] First Embodiment A first embodiment of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of an electricity supply and demand management system 100 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. The electricity supply and demand management system 100 includes a supply and demand management device 10 and an RA (Resource Aggregation) device 20. The supply and demand management device 10 formulates an electricity supply and demand plan for a microgrid 40. The supply and demand management device 10 in this embodiment acquires disaster-related information from a weather data providing device 30 and formulates the supply and demand plan. The disaster-related information is, for example, meteorological observation information, weather forecast information, or earthquake observation information. The supply and demand management device 10 transmits a control command based on the formulated supply and demand plan to the RA device 20.

[0024] The microgrid 40 can operate in a grid-connected mode, in which it can receive power from other grids via a distribution substation 50, and in an isolated operation mode, in which it cannot receive power from other grids. In the grid-connected mode, the power supply and demand balance of the microgrid 40 is achieved by the supply of power from other grids. On the other hand, in the isolated operation mode, the power supply and demand balance of the microgrid 40 is achieved by the supply of power from a grid storage battery 42 connected to the microgrid 40, but the power supply and demand management system 100 also controls the reduction / stopping of PV output and the reduction / shunting of loads of consumers.

[0025] The RA device 20 aggregates resources of consumers. Specifically, the RA device 20 controls the grid storage battery 42 and the consumer system 44 of each consumer via the IEDs 41 and 43 in accordance with control commands based on the supply and demand plan formulated by the supply and demand management device 10. The RA device 20 also acquires controllable amounts of the grid storage battery 42 and the consumer system 44 of each consumer via the IEDs 41 and 43, and supplies the amounts to the supply and demand management device 10.

[0026] The customer system 44 includes a smart meter and load equipment. The customer system 44 may further include a storage battery and some or all of a PV (Photovoltaic) power generation facility. The configuration of the customer system 44 may differ depending on the customer.

[0027] 1 illustrates one grid storage battery 42, three consumer systems 44, and the IEDs 41, 43 corresponding to each of these, but the number of these may be different from that in the example of Fig. 1. For example, a plurality of grid storage batteries 42 may be connected to the microgrid 40, or more than three consumer systems 44 may be connected to the microgrid 40.

[0028] Furthermore, each of the supply and demand management device 10 and the RA device 20 may be placed on a so-called cloud, or may be realized by one or more computers reading and executing a program.

[0029] 2 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the supply and demand management device 10 in this embodiment. The supply and demand management device 10 includes a measurement unit 11, a prediction unit 12, a planning unit 13, a control unit 14, a disaster information acquisition unit 15, and a constraint determination unit 16. The measurement unit 11 acquires the measured values ​​of the load [kW] and / or the power generation amount [kW] of each consumer system 44 via the RA device 20 and the IED 43. The measurement unit 11 also acquires the time-of-day electricity unit price [yen / kWh].

[0030] The prediction unit 12 predicts the load [kW] and power generation amount [kW] of the consumer system 44 during the target period (planning period) of the supply and demand plan formulated by the plan formulation unit 13. The prediction unit 12 may predict the load based on the load, date, day of the week, time, etc. acquired by the measurement unit 11. The prediction unit 12 may also predict the power generation amount based on the power generation amount, date, time, weather, etc. acquired by the measurement unit 11. Note that these predictions may be made for each consumer system 44, or may be made for values ​​collectively representing multiple consumer systems 44.

[0031] The disaster information acquisition unit 15 acquires disaster-related information from the weather data providing device 30. The disaster information acquisition unit 15 may acquire information from multiple weather data providing devices 30. The disaster-related information may be any of weather observation information, weather forecast information, and earthquake observation information. Weather observation information is, for example, information on observed values ​​such as rainfall amount and wind speed. Weather forecast information is, for example, information on predicted values ​​such as rainfall amount and wind speed, weather warnings, advisories, etc. Earthquake observation information is information on the seismic intensity and occurrence frequency of earthquakes, etc.

[0032] The constraint determiner 16 determines a lower limit value of the state of charge (SOC, State of Charge, charging rate) of the grid storage battery 42 based on the disaster-related information acquired by the disaster information acquirer 15. For example, when the microgrid 40 is in the grid-connected mode, the constraint determiner 16 sets a higher lower limit value of the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 in a period determined based on the disaster-related information to be a period in which the probability of a disaster occurring is higher than normal (a period requiring caution), than the lower limit value in normal times. Here, the constraint determiner 16 may determine that a period in which the probability of a disaster occurring is higher than normal when, for example, the observed or predicted value of rainfall exceeds a threshold, the observed or predicted value of wind speed exceeds a threshold, or the frequency of earthquakes exceeds a threshold. In other words, the constraint determiner 16 may set a higher lower limit value of the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 than the lower limit value in normal times. Alternatively, the constraint determiner 16 may determine that a period in which the probability of a disaster occurring is higher than normal, by adding a predetermined time before and after the period in which the predicted value of rainfall or wind speed exceeds a threshold.

[0033] For example, the constraint determination unit 16 may set the lower limit of the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 higher than the lower limit in normal times for a period when the expected maximum wind volume is equal to or greater than a certain value and for n hours before and after that. Furthermore, the constraint determination unit 16 may set the lower limit of the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 higher than the lower limit in normal times when the cumulative number of earthquakes that have occurred in the past p days exceeds q, and for r days thereafter.

[0034] Similarly to the lower limit, the constraint determination unit 16 may also determine an upper limit for the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42. That is, when the microgrid 40 is in the grid-connected mode, the constraint determination unit 16 may set the upper limit for the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 in a period determined based on disaster-related information to be a period in which the probability of a disaster occurring is higher than normal, higher than the upper limit in normal times.

[0035] The planner 13 uses the constraint conditions set by the constraint determiner 16 to create a supply and demand plan for the microgrid 40, including the charge and discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42 or demand response. In the present embodiment, the constraint conditions include a lower limit value of the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42. The constraint conditions may also include an upper limit value set by the constraint determiner 16. A known technique such as quadratic programming (QP) can be used to create the supply and demand plan. In the grid-connected mode, the supply and demand plan is a plan for the buying and selling of electricity in the consumer system 44, the charging and discharging of the grid storage battery 42, and the demand response (DR) of the consumer system 44 over a certain period (planning period). In addition, in the independent operation mode, the supply and demand plan is a demand response plan for the planning period, and the demand response plan in the independent operation mode includes charging and discharging the storage batteries of the consumer system 44, suppressing the maximum power generation of the PV of the consumer system 44, and suppressing the load of the consumer system 44.

[0036] The control unit 14 generates control commands based on the supply and demand plan formulated by the plan formulation unit 13, and transmits the control commands to the RA device 20. Here, the control commands include commands for buying and selling electricity, commands for charging and discharging the grid storage battery 42, and demand response commands.

[0037] 3 is a time chart illustrating the operation of the constraint determination unit 16 in this embodiment. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis represents the SOC [kWh] of the system storage battery 42, and the horizontal axis represents time. The SOC upper limit value Su is the upper limit value of the SOC of the system storage battery 42, which is provided to the planner 13 as a constraint condition when creating a supply and demand plan. The SOC lower limit value Sb is the lower limit value of the SOC of the system storage battery 42, which is provided to the planner 13 as a constraint condition when creating a supply and demand plan.

[0038] During the caution period T2, in which the probability of a disaster occurring is determined to be higher than normal, the constraint determination unit 16 sets the value of the SOC lower limit value Sb to a value greater than those of normal times T1 and T3 other than the caution period T2. The constraint determination unit 16 may use predetermined values ​​for the SOC lower limit value Sb during normal times T1 and T3 and the SOC lower limit value Sb during the caution period T2. As in the planning period P1 of FIG. 3 , the constraint determination unit 16 may change the SOC lower limit value Sb from a normal time value to a normal time value during the planning period. Similarly, as in the planning period P2 of FIG. 3 , the constraint determination unit 16 may change the SOC lower limit value Sb from a normal time value to a normal time value during the planning period. The constraint determination unit 16 may also determine whether or not a particular planning period is a caution period for each planning period.

[0039] 4 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the supply and demand management device 10 in the grid connection mode according to this embodiment. First, the measurement unit 11 measures the load and power generation amount of the customer system 44 (step Sa1). This measurement is performed by acquiring the measured values ​​of the load and power generation amount of the customer system 44 via the RA device 20 and the IED 43.

[0040] Next, the measurement unit 11 acquires the time-of-day unit price of electricity for the planned period (step Sa2). The time-of-day unit price of electricity may be stored in advance in the supply and demand management device 10 or may be acquired from another device.

[0041] Next, the prediction unit 12 predicts the load and power generation amount of the consumer system 44 for the planning period (step Sa3). This prediction may use the measurement values ​​acquired in step Sa1, the date and time of the planning period, the day of the week, weather observation information, weather forecast information, etc.

[0042] Next, the disaster information acquisition unit 15 acquires disaster-related information from the weather data providing device 30, and the constraint determination unit 16 determines constraint conditions for formulating a supply and demand plan based on the disaster-related information (step Sa4). The constraint conditions include a lower limit of the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42.

[0043] Next, the planner 13 creates a supply and demand plan for the planning period using the load and power generation amount forecasted by the forecaster 12 and the constraints determined by the constraint determiner 16 (step Sa5). This supply and demand plan includes plans for buying and selling electricity, charging and discharging the grid storage battery 42, and DR.

[0044] Next, the control unit 14 issues commands for buying and selling electricity, charging and discharging the system storage battery 42, and DR to the RA device 20 in accordance with the supply and demand plan formulated by the plan formulation unit 13 (step Sa6).

[0045] As described above, the supply and demand management device 10 in this embodiment includes the constraint determination unit 16 and the plan development unit 13. The constraint determination unit 16 determines a lower limit value of the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 based on disaster-related information acquired by the disaster information acquisition unit 15. The plan development unit 13 uses the lower limit value as a constraint condition to develop a supply and demand plan for the microgrid 40, including the charge and discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42. This limits the period for which the SOC of the grid storage battery 42 is increased in order to prevent the grid storage battery 42 from being depleted when the system enters the isolated operation mode, thereby making it possible to prevent excessive burden on the grid storage battery 42.

[0046] <Second embodiment> An electricity supply and demand management system 100 according to a second embodiment is similar to that shown in Fig. 1, except that a supply and demand management device 10a is provided instead of the supply and demand management device 10. Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the supply and demand management device 10a according to the second embodiment. In Fig. 5, parts corresponding to those in Fig. 2 are given the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted.

[0047] The supply and demand management device 10a includes a measurement unit 11, a prediction unit 12a, a planning unit 13, a control unit 14, and a constraint determination unit 16a. Like the prediction unit 12 in FIG. 2 , the prediction unit 12a predicts the load and power generation of the consumer systems 44 during a planning period. Furthermore, in the isolated operation mode, the prediction unit 12a predicts the difference between the integrated load and integrated power generation of the microgrid 40 during a period after the planning period. The period after the planning period may be a fixed period immediately after the planning period (a fixed period after the planning period). The difference is the difference between the integrated value of the predicted loads of all the consumer systems 44 of the microgrid 40 over the period and the integrated value of the predicted power generation of all the consumer systems 44 of the microgrid 40 over the period.

[0048] Furthermore, the prediction unit 12a may predict the charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 during the planning period. The charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 during the planning period may be the difference between the integrated load amount and the integrated power generation amount of the microgrid 40 during the planning period.

[0049] In the isolated operation mode, the constraint determination unit 16a determines the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 at the end of the planning period as a constraint condition when the planning unit 13 creates a supply and demand plan. This state of charge is based on the difference between the integrated load amount and the integrated power generation amount of the microgrid 40 for a period after the planning period, as predicted by the prediction unit 12a. For example, the constraint determination unit 16a adds the charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42 for the planning period and the difference (the value obtained by subtracting the predicted integrated power generation amount from the predicted integrated load amount) to the state of charge at the start of the planning period. Here, the charge / discharge amount is a positive value if charging and a negative value if discharging. Note that the difference may be multiplied by a coefficient when adding the difference. This increases the SOC of the grid storage battery 42 according to the amount of power [kWh] that cannot be covered by power generation in the period after the planning period, thereby preventing SOC depletion and gate blockage of the grid storage battery 42 during that period. Conversely, if it is predicted that there will be a surplus in power generation in the period after the planned period, it is possible to prevent load suppression in the planned period.

[0050] In the isolated operation mode, the constraint determination unit 16a may determine, as a constraint condition when the plan formulation unit 13 formulates a supply and demand plan, a total state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 and the storage batteries provided in the consumer systems 44 at the end of the planning period, which state of charge is based on the difference predicted by the prediction unit 12a. This increases the SOC of the grid storage battery 42 and the storage batteries provided in the consumer systems 44 according to the amount of power [kWh] that cannot be covered by power generation in the period after the planning period, thereby making it possible to prevent power depletion in the microgrid 40.

[0051] FIG. 6 is a time chart illustrating the operation of the constraint determination unit 16a in this embodiment. In FIG. 6, the planning period end SOC target value TV is the state of charge of the system storage battery 42 at the end of the planning period, which is used as a constraint condition when creating a supply and demand plan for the planning period P3. The "load forecast accumulated amount (kWh) - power generation forecast accumulated amount (kWh)" for a certain period AP after the planning period, which is a period after the planning period, is the difference predicted by the prediction unit 12a. The constraint determination unit 16a determines the planning period end SOC target value TV based on the "load forecast accumulated amount (kWh) - power generation forecast accumulated amount (kWh)."

[0052] 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the supply and demand management device 10a in the isolated operation mode according to this embodiment. First, the measurement unit 11 measures the load and power generation amount of the customer system 44 (step Sb1). Furthermore, the measurement unit 11 measures the charge / discharge and charge state of the grid storage battery 42 (step Sb2). These steps Sb1 and Sb2 may be performed in parallel or in the reverse order.

[0053] Next, the prediction unit 12a predicts the load and power generation amount of the customer system 44 for the planning period and the period after the planning period (step Sb3). Next, the prediction unit 12a predicts the charge / discharge and charge state of the system storage battery 42 for the planning period (step Sb4).

[0054] Next, the constraint determiner 16a determines the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 at the end of the planning period as a constraint condition (step Sb5). The state of charge as the constraint condition may be a value obtained by adding the difference between the integrated amount of load and the integrated amount of power generation of the consumer system 44 for the period after the planning period, which was predicted in step Sb3, to the state of charge of the grid storage battery 42 predicted in step Sb4.

[0055] Next, the planning unit 13 uses the constraints determined in step Sb5 to create a supply and demand plan for the planning period (step Sb6). This supply and demand plan includes a demand-return plan. Next, the control unit 14 issues a demand-return command to the RA device 20 in accordance with the supply and demand plan created by the planning unit 13 (step Sb7).

[0056] As described above, the supply and demand management device 10a in this embodiment includes the prediction unit 12a and the constraint determination unit 16a. The prediction unit 12a predicts the difference between the integrated load amount and the integrated power generation amount of the microgrid 40 for a period after the planning period. The constraint determination unit 16a determines the state of charge of the system storage battery 42 at the end of the planning period, which is based on the difference predicted by the prediction unit 12a, as a constraint condition for the planning unit 13 to use when formulating a supply and demand plan. This increases or decreases the SOC of the system storage battery 42 at the end of the planning period according to the difference between the integrated load amount and the integrated power generation amount for a period after the planning period, thereby preventing SOC depletion and gate blockage of the system storage battery 42.

[0057] <Third embodiment> An electricity supply and demand management system 100 according to a third embodiment is similar to that shown in Fig. 1, but differs in that a supply and demand management device 10b is provided instead of the supply and demand management device 10. Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the supply and demand management device 10b according to the third embodiment. In Fig. 8, parts corresponding to those in Fig. 2 are given the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted.

[0058] The supply and demand management device 10b includes a measurement unit 11, a prediction unit 12, a planning unit 13, a control unit 14, a linkage plan acquisition unit 17b, and a constraint determination unit 16b. The linkage plan acquisition unit 17b acquires linkage plan information indicating the timing of linking devices such as loads and generators to the microgrid 40. This linkage plan information may be acquired by receiving it from another device, or by receiving an operation input from an operator of the supply and demand management device 10b.

[0059] The constraint determiner 16b determines, as a constraint condition, the charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 connected to the microgrid 40 during a period including the timing indicated by the connection plan information. This charge / discharge amount may be a predetermined charge amount or a lower limit value of a predetermined charge amount.

[0060] FIG. 9 is a time chart illustrating the operation of the constraint determination unit 16b in this embodiment. In FIG. 9 , the vertical axis represents the charge / discharge rate [kW] of the grid battery 42, and the horizontal axis represents time. When connecting devices such as loads and generators to the microgrid 40, an inrush current may flow due to charging the transformer. In the stand-alone operation mode, this inrush current may cause the discharge rate of the grid battery 42 to reach the upper limit of dischargeable power of the power controller of the grid battery 42, resulting in gate blocking of the grid battery 42. However, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9 , during a period including the connection timing Tc, the charge / discharge rate of the grid battery 42 is constrained to the connection setting value CV, which is closer to the charge side than during other periods. This prevents the charge / discharge rate from reaching the upper limit of dischargeable power Du when the charge / discharge rate of the grid battery 42 changes to the discharge side due to the inrush current at the connection timing Tc.

[0061] As described above, the supply and demand management device 10b in this embodiment includes the connection plan acquisition unit 17b and the constraint determination unit 16b. The connection plan acquisition unit 17b acquires connection plan information indicating the timing at which an apparatus is to be connected to the microgrid 40. The constraint determination unit 16b determines, as a constraint condition, the charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42 during a period including the timing. This allows the supply and demand management device 10b to prevent the charge / discharge amount from reaching the upper limit of dischargeable power when the charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42 changes to the discharge side due to an inrush current at the timing at which the apparatus is to be connected.

[0062] <Fourth embodiment> An electricity supply and demand management system 100 according to a fourth embodiment is similar to that shown in Fig. 1, except that a supply and demand management device 10c is provided instead of the supply and demand management device 10. Fig. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the supply and demand management device 10c according to the fourth embodiment. In Fig. 10, parts corresponding to those in Fig. 2 are given the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted.

[0063] The supply and demand management device 10c includes a measurement unit 11, a prediction unit 12, a planning unit 13c, a control unit 14, and a constraint determination unit 16c. The planning unit 13c is similar to the planning unit 13 in Fig. 2, but in the isolated operation mode, the planning unit 13c creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid 40, including a DR plan, using the maximum power generation amount by time period of the PV (Photovoltaic) connected to the microgrid 40, i.e., the PV provided in the consumer system 44, as a control variable. As such examples, first to third examples will be described below.

[0064] <First Example> In a first example, the planner 13c formulates a supply and demand plan using a relational expression between the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period and the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount of the microgrid 40, and a constraint expression that sets a combined value of the charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 and the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount within the chargeable / dischargeable power range of the system storage battery 42. The constraint determiner 16c determines the relational expression and the constraint expression as constraint conditions.

[0065] In this embodiment, the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount is a value indicating the range of supply and demand balance fluctuation over a short period of time, such as one minute. Supply and demand balance fluctuation occurs, for example, when the amount of power generated by PV changes due to a sudden change in weather. Therefore, if the maximum power generation amount of PV increases, the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount also increases, and if the maximum power generation amount of PV decreases, the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount also decreases. Therefore, the above-mentioned relational expression may be "supply and demand balance fluctuation amount = a × maximum power generation amount of PV + b." Note that a and b are constants, and a > 0.

[0066] The constraint equation is, for example, "dischargeable power upper limit value < charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 - supply / demand balance fluctuation amount, and charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 + supply / demand balance fluctuation amount < chargeable power upper limit value," with the charge direction of the system storage battery 42 being positive and the discharge direction being negative. Here, the charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 is a value determined by the supply and demand plan, and the dischargeable power upper limit value and the chargeable power upper limit value are predetermined values. By using such a relational equation and constraint equation, the planning unit 13c can prevent the charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 from falling outside the chargeable / dischargeable power range even if the charge / discharge amount changes from the value determined by the supply and demand plan due to a supply and demand balance fluctuation.

[0067] <Second Example> In a second example, the planning unit 13c predicts the amount of fluctuation in the supply and demand balance of the microgrid 40, and creates a supply and demand plan by suppressing the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period in a time period in which the predicted amount of fluctuation in the supply and demand balance exceeds a predetermined charging margin or discharging margin.

[0068] <Third Example> In a third example, when the measured value of the charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 is outside the target charge / discharge power range of the system storage battery 42, the planning unit 13c suppresses the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period.

[0069] FIG. 11 is an example graph of the charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42 in this embodiment. In FIG. 11 , the vertical axis represents the charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42, and the horizontal axis represents time. The power controller of the grid storage battery 42 has a chargeable power upper limit Cu and a dischargeable power upper limit Du. When the charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42 reaches these values, a gate block occurs. To prevent gate block, the planning unit 13c sets the target value of the charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42 between a charge target power upper limit CTu and a discharge target power upper limit DTu, which are calculated by subtracting a charge margin CM and a discharge margin DM from the chargeable power upper limit Cu and the dischargeable power upper limit Du, respectively. However, the actual charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery 42 may deviate from the range between the charge target power upper limit CTu and the discharge target power upper limit DTu due to fluctuations in the supply and demand balance, as shown in the graph of FIG. 11 . The supply and demand management device 10c of this embodiment controls the supply and demand balance fluctuation to be smaller than the charge margin CM and the discharge margin DM by using the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period as a control variable.

[0070] In this way, the planning unit of the supply and demand management device 10c in this embodiment creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid 40, including a demand response, using the maximum power generation amount for each time period of the PVs connected to the microgrid 40 as a control variable. This allows the supply and demand management device 10c to prevent gate blocking of the system storage battery 42.

[0071] Fifth Embodiment An electricity supply and demand management system 100 according to a fifth embodiment is similar to that shown in Fig. 1, but differs in the operation of the supply and demand management device 10 and the IED 43. Fig. 12 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a consumer system 44 according to the fifth embodiment. The consumer system 44 includes a smart meter 44-1, a storage battery system 44-2, a PV system 44-3, and a load 44-4. The smart meter 44-1, the storage battery system 44-2, the PV system 44-3, and the load 44-4 are connected to the IED 43 so as to be able to communicate with each other via wireless communication or wired communication.

[0072] The smart meter 44-1 measures the power supply or power demand of the storage battery system 44-2, the PV system 44-3, and the load 44-4. The storage battery system 44-2 is a storage battery provided by a consumer, stores the power supplied from the PV system 44-3 or the microgrid 40, and supplies the power to the microgrid 40 or the load 44-4.

[0073] The PV system 44-3 is a PV provided by a consumer and supplies power to the storage battery system 44-2, a load 44-4, or the microgrid 40. The load 44-4 is a load that generates power demand at the consumer. The IED 43 (consumer terminal) controls the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery system 44-2 based on the power demand measured by the smart meter 44-1.

[0074] 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the supply and demand management device 10 in this embodiment. First, the supply and demand management device 10 measures the average discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 (step Sc1). Here, the average discharge amount is the average value of the discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 over a predetermined time period. This predetermined time period is preferably longer than the fluctuation in the supply and demand balance.

[0075] Next, the supply and demand management device 10 compares the average discharge amount with a predetermined threshold, and if the average discharge amount exceeds the threshold (step Sc2—Yes), increases the discharge amount of the storage battery system 44-2 (step Sc3). Note that the supply and demand management device 10 increases the discharge amount of the storage battery system 44-2 by controlling via the RA device 20 and the IED 43. In addition, this threshold is a value smaller than the upper limit of dischargeable power.

[0076] This makes it possible to prevent the discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 from reaching the upper limit of dischargeable power due to fluctuations in the supply and demand balance or the like.

[0077] 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the power supply and demand management system 100 according to this embodiment. First, the supply and demand management device 10 sets information indicating an allowable range of output fluctuations relative to the average power demand of the consumers to the IED 43 (step Sd1). This information indicating the allowable range of output fluctuations may include a short-term maximum output fluctuation value on the load side and a short-term maximum output fluctuation value on the power generation side.

[0078] Next, the IED 43 determines the allowable power demand range based on the average power demand of the consumer and the information indicating the allowable output fluctuation range (step Sd2). Here, the average power demand of the consumer is the average value of the power demand measured by the smart meter 44-1 over a predetermined period of time. The allowable power demand range is determined based on the average power demand and is determined by the short-term maximum output fluctuation value of the load side and the short-term maximum output fluctuation value of the power generator side, i.e., from the value obtained by subtracting the short-term maximum output fluctuation value of the power generator side from the average power demand to the value obtained by adding the short-term maximum output fluctuation value of the load side to the average power demand.

[0079] Next, the IED 43 determines whether the power demand at the consumer exceeds the allowable power demand range. If it does (step Sd3—Yes), the IED 43 controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery system 44-2 (step Sd4). Specifically, if the power demand exceeds the allowable power demand range on the load side, the IED 43 controls the charging and discharging amount of the storage battery system 44-2 so that it increases on the discharging side (increases the discharging amount or decreases the charging amount). Also, if the power demand exceeds the allowable power demand range on the generation side, the IED 43 controls the charging and discharging amount of the storage battery system 44-2 so that it increases on the charging side (decreases the discharging amount or increases the charging amount). The power demand at the consumer is the power demand measured by the smart meter 44-1.

[0080] This allows the charging and discharging of the storage battery system 44-2 to be controlled in response to fluctuations in the supply and demand balance with a shorter response time than the operation in Figure 13, and prevents the discharge amount of the system storage battery 42 from reaching the upper limit of dischargeable power due to fluctuations in the supply and demand balance, etc.

[0081] Although the above-described embodiments have been described separately, they may be combined in any desired manner.

[0082] FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the hardware configuration of each device according to each embodiment. The devices are the supply and demand management device 10, the RA device 20, the weather data providing device 30, the IED 41, and the IED 43. Each device includes an input / output module I, a memory module M, and a control module P. The input / output module I includes some or all of the communication module H11, the connection module H12, the pointing device H21, the keyboard H22, the display H23, the button H3, the microphone H41, the speaker H42, the camera H51, and the sensor H52. The memory module M includes a drive H7. The memory module M may further include some or all of the memory H8. The control module P includes a memory H8 and a processor H9. These hardware components are connected to each other via a bus (Bus) and receive power from a power supply H6.

[0083] The connection module H12 is a digital input / output port such as a USB (Universal Serial Bus). In the case of a portable device, the pointing device H21, keyboard H22, and display H23 are touch panels. The sensor H52 is an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, a GPS receiving module, a proximity sensor, or the like. The power supply H6 is a power supply unit that supplies the electricity necessary to operate each device. In the case of a portable device, the power supply H6 is a battery. The drive H7 is an auxiliary storage medium such as a hard disk drive or a solid-state drive. The drive H7 may be a non-volatile memory such as an EEPROM or a flash memory, or a magneto-optical disk drive or a flexible disk drive. Furthermore, the drive H7 is not limited to being built into each device, but may also be an external storage device connected to the connector of the connection module H12. The memory H8 is a main storage medium such as a random access memory. The memory H8 may also be a cache memory. The memory H8 stores instructions when the instructions are executed by one or more processors H9. The processor H9 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processor H9 may be an MPU (Microprocessing Unit) or a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). The processor H9 reads programs and various data from the drive H7 via the memory H8 and performs calculations to execute instructions stored in one or more memories H8.

[0084] The input / output module I is used in the supply and demand management device 10, the RA device 20, the weather data providing device 30, the IED 41, the IED 43, etc. The control module P is used to implement each part of the supply and demand management device 10, the RA device 20, the weather data providing device 30, the IED 41, and the IED 43. Note that in this specification and the like, the terms supply and demand management device 10, the RA device 20, the weather data providing device 30, the IED 41, and the IED 43 may be replaced with the term control module P.

[0085] The present disclosure may be embodied as follows: (1) One embodiment of the present disclosure is a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of power in a microgrid, the supply and demand management device including: a disaster information acquisition unit that acquires information related to a disaster; a constraint determination unit that determines a lower limit value of a state of charge of a grid storage battery connected to the microgrid based on the information related to the disaster; and a plan creation unit that creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including a charge and discharge amount of the grid storage battery, using the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit as a constraint condition.

[0086] (2) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is the supply and demand management device described in (1), wherein, when the microgrid is in a grid-connected mode in which it can receive power supply from another grid, the constraint determination unit sets the lower limit value of the state of charge during a period determined based on information related to the disaster to be a period in which the probability of a disaster occurring is higher than normal, higher than the lower limit value during normal times.

[0087] (3) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a supply and demand management device described in (1) or (2), wherein the disaster-related information is meteorological observation information, meteorological forecast information, or earthquake observation information.

[0088] (4) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a supply and demand management device according to any one of (1) to (3), or a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity of a microgrid, comprising: a planning unit that creates a supply and demand plan for a planning period of the microgrid including demand response; a prediction unit that predicts a difference between an accumulated load amount and an accumulated power generation amount of the microgrid for a period after the planning period; and a constraint determination unit that determines a charge state of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid at the end of the planning period, the charge state being based on the difference, as a constraint condition when the planning unit creates the supply and demand plan.

[0089] (5) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a supply and demand management device according to any one of (1) to (4), or a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity of a microgrid, comprising: an interconnection plan acquisition unit that acquires interconnection plan information indicating a timing for connecting equipment to the microgrid; a constraint determination unit that determines, as a constraint condition, the charge and discharge amount of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid during a period including the timing; and a planning unit that uses the constraint condition to create a supply and demand plan for the microgrid during a planning period, including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery connected to the microgrid.

[0090] (6) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a supply and demand management device described in any one of (1) to (5), or a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, and includes a planning unit that uses a maximum power generation amount by time period of a PV (Photovoltaic) connected to the microgrid as a control variable to create a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid.

[0091] (7) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is the supply and demand management device described in (6), wherein the planning unit creates the supply and demand plan using a relational equation between the maximum power generation amount of the PV by time period and the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount of the microgrid, and a constraint equation that sets a combined value of the charge and discharge amount of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid and the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount within a chargeable and dischargeable power range of the system storage battery.

[0092] (8) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is the supply and demand management device described in (6), wherein the planning unit predicts a fluctuation in the supply and demand balance of the microgrid, and creates the supply and demand plan by suppressing the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period during a time period when the predicted fluctuation in the supply and demand balance exceeds a predetermined charging margin or discharging margin.

[0093] (9) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is the supply and demand management device described in (6), wherein the planning unit suppresses the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period when the measured value of the charge / discharge amount of the system storage battery connected to the microgrid falls outside the target charge / discharge power range of the system storage battery.

[0094] (10) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is an electricity supply and demand management system that includes the supply and demand management device described in any one of (1) to (9) or a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, and a consumer terminal that controls a storage battery of a consumer of the microgrid, wherein the supply and demand management device sets information indicating an acceptable range of output fluctuations for an average electricity demand at the consumer to the consumer terminal, and the consumer terminal controls charging and discharging of the consumer's storage battery when the electricity demand at the consumer exceeds an acceptable range of electricity demand based on the average electricity demand at the consumer and the information indicating the acceptable range of output fluctuations.

[0095] (11) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is the power supply and demand management system described in (10), wherein the supply and demand management device increases the discharge amount of the storage battery of a consumer connected to the microgrid when the average discharge amount of the system storage battery connected to the microgrid exceeds a threshold value.

[0096] (12) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is an electricity supply and demand management system including a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity of a microgrid and a resource aggregation device that aggregates resources of consumers in the microgrid, wherein the supply and demand management device includes a disaster information acquisition unit that acquires information related to a disaster, a constraint determination unit that determines a lower limit value of the state of charge of a grid storage battery connected to the microgrid based on the information related to the disaster, and a planning unit that creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the grid storage battery, using the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit as a constraint condition.

[0097] (13) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for managing supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, the method including the steps of acquiring information related to a disaster, determining a lower limit value of the state of charge of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid based on the information related to the disaster, and formulating a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery using the lower limit value as a constraint condition.

[0098] (14) Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a program for causing a computer to function as a disaster information acquisition unit that acquires information related to a disaster, a constraint determination unit that determines a lower limit value of the state of charge of a system storage battery connected to a microgrid based on the information related to the disaster, and a planning unit that creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery, using the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit as a constraint condition.

[0099] 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, and 12, a program for realizing the functions of the supply and demand management devices 10, 10a, 10b, and 10c, the RA device 20, the IED 41, and the IED 43 may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on this recording medium may be read into a computer system and executed to realize the supply and demand management devices 10, 10a, 10b, and 10c, the RA device 20, the IED 41, and the IED 43. Note that the term "computer system" here includes hardware such as an OS and peripheral devices.

[0100] "Computer-readable recording media" refers to portable media such as flexible disks, optical magnetic disks, ROMs, and CD-ROMs, as well as storage devices such as hard disks built into computer systems. Furthermore, "computer-readable recording media" also includes devices that dynamically store programs for a short period of time, such as communication lines used when transmitting programs over networks like the Internet or communication lines like telephone lines, and devices that store programs for a fixed period of time, such as volatile memory within the computer systems that serve as servers or clients. The programs may also be programs that implement some of the aforementioned functions, or may be programs that can realize the aforementioned functions in combination with programs already stored in the computer system.

[0101] The embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes and the like are also included within the scope that does not deviate from the gist of this disclosure.

[0102] 10, 10a, 10b, 10c Supply and demand management device 11 Measurement unit 12, 12a Prediction unit 13, 13c Planning unit 14 Control unit 15 Disaster information acquisition unit 16, 16a, 16b, 16c Constraint determination unit 17b Linkage plan acquisition unit 20 RA device 30 Weather data providing device 40 Microgrid 41, 43 IED 42 System storage battery 44 Consumer system 50 Distribution substation 100 Power supply and demand management system

Claims

1. A supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, comprising: a disaster information acquisition unit that acquires information related to disasters; a constraint determination unit that determines a lower limit value of a charge state of a grid storage battery connected to the microgrid based on the information related to the disaster; and a planning unit that creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the grid storage battery, using the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit as a constraint condition.

2. The supply and demand management device of claim 1, wherein, when the microgrid is in a grid-connected mode in which it can receive power supply from another grid, the constraint determination unit sets the lower limit value of the state of charge in a period determined based on information related to the disaster to be a period in which the probability of a disaster occurring is higher than normal, higher than the lower limit value in normal times.

3. A supply and demand management device as described in claim 1, wherein the disaster-related information is meteorological observation information, meteorological forecast information, or earthquake observation information.

4. A supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, comprising: a planning unit that plans a supply and demand plan for a planning period of the microgrid including demand response; a prediction unit that predicts the difference between an accumulated load amount and an accumulated power generation amount of the microgrid for a period after the planning period; and a constraint determination unit that determines the state of charge of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid at the end of the planning period, the state of charge being based on the difference, as a constraint condition when the planning unit plans the supply and demand plan.

5. A supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, comprising: an interconnection plan acquisition unit that acquires interconnection plan information indicating a timing for connecting equipment to the microgrid; a constraint determination unit that determines, as a constraint condition, the charge and discharge amount of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid during a period including the timing; and a planning unit that uses the constraint conditions to create a supply and demand plan for the planning period of the microgrid, including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery connected to the microgrid.

6. A supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid, comprising: a planning unit that uses a maximum power generation amount by time period of a PV (Photovoltaic) device connected to the microgrid as a control variable and creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid.

7. The supply and demand management device of claim 6, wherein the planning unit creates the supply and demand plan using a relational equation between the maximum power generation amount of the PV by time period and the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount of the microgrid, and a constraint equation that sets a combined value of the charge / discharge amount of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid and the supply and demand balance fluctuation amount within a chargeable / dischargeable power range of the system storage battery.

8. The supply and demand management device of claim 6, wherein the planning unit predicts a fluctuation in the supply and demand balance of the microgrid, and creates the supply and demand plan by suppressing the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period during a time period when the predicted fluctuation in the supply and demand balance exceeds a predetermined charging margin or discharging margin.

9. The supply and demand management device of claim 6, wherein the planning unit suppresses the maximum power generation amount of the PV for each time period when a measured value of the charge / discharge amount of the grid storage battery connected to the microgrid falls outside the target charge / discharge power range of the grid storage battery.

10. An electricity supply and demand management system comprising: a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a microgrid; and a consumer terminal that controls storage batteries of consumers of the microgrid, wherein the supply and demand management device sets information to the consumer terminal indicating an acceptable range of output fluctuations for an average electricity demand at the consumer, and the consumer terminal controls the charging and discharging of the consumer's storage battery when the electricity demand at the consumer exceeds an acceptable range of electricity demand based on the average electricity demand at the consumer and the information indicating the acceptable range of output fluctuations.

11. The power supply and demand management system according to claim 10, wherein the supply and demand management device increases the discharge amount of the storage battery of the consumer connected to the microgrid when the average discharge amount of the system storage battery connected to the microgrid exceeds a threshold value.

12. An electricity supply and demand management system comprising a supply and demand management device that manages the supply and demand of electricity of a microgrid, and a resource aggregation device that aggregates resources of consumers in the microgrid, wherein the supply and demand management device comprises: a disaster information acquisition unit that acquires information related to disasters; a constraint determination unit that determines a lower limit value of the charge state of a system storage battery connected to the microgrid based on the information related to the disaster; and a planning unit that creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the system storage battery, using the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit as a constraint condition.

13. A method for managing power supply and demand in a microgrid, comprising the steps of: acquiring information related to a disaster; determining a lower limit value of the state of charge of a grid storage battery connected to the microgrid based on the information related to the disaster; and creating a supply and demand plan for the microgrid, including the charge and discharge amount of the grid storage battery, using the lower limit value as a constraint condition.

14. A program for causing a computer to function as: a disaster information acquisition unit that acquires information related to a disaster; a constraint determination unit that determines a lower limit value of the state of charge of a grid storage battery connected to a microgrid based on the information related to the disaster; and a planning unit that creates a supply and demand plan for the microgrid including the charge and discharge amount of the grid storage battery, using the lower limit value determined by the constraint determination unit as a constraint condition.

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