Hydraulic swing-piston motor

Abstract

The present patent application describes a system containing a mechanism composed of a hydraulic sleeve (2) inside which a rotating piston disc (4) is mounted such that it is positioned off-centre, said disc housing a set of hydraulic swing pistons (5) distributed around the outer perimeter thereof. The mechanism pertains to the field of mechanical engineering and can generate high torque on the drive shaft (10). It can be used by any machine or piece of equipment that uses a hydraulic motor, using low pressure and flow for the good performance thereof, and as the diameter of the hydraulic swing-piston motor increases, the effect of the torque generated is even greater within the established dimensional proportion. By using less hydraulic oil in order to operate, the motor contributes to reducing CO2 emissions in both the manufacturing of hydraulic oil and the generation of electrical energy.

Description

HYDRAULIC MOTOR WITH TILTING PISTONS INTRODUCTION

[0001] This patent application comprises a hydraulic motor consisting of a disc having a set of hydraulic pistons distributed along the perimeter of its outer diameter, and attached to a motor shaft supported between two bearings. FIELD OF APPLICATION

[0002] The field of application is related to mechanical engineering, more specifically to hydraulic motors. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The "TILTING PISTON HYDRAULIC MOTOR," the subject of this invention, has a mechanism capable of generating high torques on its drive shaft using low hydraulic pressure compared to current systems. This is only possible because, instead of using a set of vanes as in vane pumps, this invention uses a set of hydraulic PISTONS with a design that allows for larger areas. These PISTONS are positioned along the outer perimeter of a disc supported by bearings mounted off-center from the hydraulic sleeve. Thus, the outer diameter of the PISTONS disc works tangentially to the inner diameter of the hydraulic sleeve at a certain point, leaving a larger space on the opposite side between the PISTONS disc and the hydraulic sleeve. This allows for the application of the greatest leverage the hydraulic motor can produce at that point.

[0004] All the pistons are tilting and move angularly supported by a pin, which is their center of rotation. Each piston is housed within a cavity and is constantly pulled by a tension spring. This spring's purpose is to keep the piston in permanent contact with the inner diameter of the hydraulic sleeve to create a seal. As the hydraulic oil enters, the pistons begin to move around the perimeter of the inner diameter of the hydraulic motor, and as they approach the outlet orifice... When the oil is released, the pressure between the pistons drops, and the oil returns to the reservoir.

[0005] At this moment, the hydraulic PISTONS move to the point where there is no space between the outer diameter of the PISTON DISC and the Hydraulic Sleeve. They are then forced to tilt and retract into the cavity, where they pass through the sealing contact between the PISTON DISC and the Hydraulic Sleeve and return to the point where they will receive the pressurized oil. The process then restarts, continuously generating rotation and torque for the Drive Shaft, which can be used by any machine or equipment that uses a hydraulic motor. STATE OF THE ART

[0006] Document US3364819A describes a reference hydraulic gear reduction motor including a cylindrical housing, a rotatably mounted output shaft in the housing, and an integral multi-tooth primary gear on the shaft interspersed with a series of pinion gears. Despite performing the work of generating torque and rotation, this design has dimensional limitations as well as a sealing deficiency coupled with high friction between the gears, which causes wear and the release of solid metal particles, damaging the hydraulic system as a whole.

[0007] Document US3535062A describes a rotary vane pump or motor in which the outer end of each pump vane has a bleed passage provided on each vane to transfer pressure from the high-pressure or leading side of the vane to the groove, thus ensuring that the pressure in the groove is greater than the average of the pressures acting on opposite ground edges to keep the vane in contact with the hydraulic sleeve and thus allow the pressure to initiate the rotational movement of the hydraulic motor.

[0008] Document EP1452731 A2 describes a system that uses water pressure to move a turbine rotor (e.g., a Pelton wheel). It is described as comprising a plurality of individual radial body members comprising one or more impeller elements (e.g., buckets). Radial body members comprise segments that have radial backing surfaces to the left and right of contact with the respective adjacent radial backing surfaces, with body members assembled as a unit.

[0009] US document 1448893A describes free-jet turbines of the Pelton wheel type, and aims to provide a construction whereby the power loss commonly experienced in such wheels due to the imposition on buckets of preventing the loss of propelling fluid in a radial direction is avoided, and at the same time the radial leakage of the propellant fluid is effectively prevented.

[0010] The teachings of US4950130A describe and include a wheel disc with buckets mounted within a housing, on a rotating drive shaft that produces rotational motion from jets of water, wherein at least one nozzle is provided to expel a jet of fluid tangentially from the disc into the buckets.

[0011] The hydraulic vane motor consists of a group of vanes that move perpendicular to the motor axis while being pushed by pressurized hydraulic oil, which initiates a constant rotary motion with torque on the shaft to perform work.

[0012] The following can be highlighted as limitations of the hydraulic vane motor: - It consumes a very high volume of oil; - It requires very high hydraulic pressure to achieve certain desired torques; - It consumes a lot of electrical energy in the hydraulic unit that supplies high pressure with a high volume of oil; - It generates a lot of heat resulting from the high pressure associated with high flow rate; Premature wear of the steel blades due to constant friction; It has a very short lever length; - Limited motor diameter size, which ultimately requires high pressures to compensate for the small lever arm these motors have.

[0013] A hydraulic gear motor typically consists of two gears coupled together, where pressurized oil enters through an orifice located between the two gears. Sealing is achieved through mechanical contact between the two gear teeth, and the teeth are pushed and begin to move, with the torque depending on the length of the lever, which is the radius of the driving gear.

[0014] The following can be highlighted as limitations of the hydraulic gear motor: - It consumes a very high volume of oil; - It requires very high hydraulic pressure to achieve certain desired torques; - It consumes a lot of electrical energy in the hydraulic unit that supplies high pressure with a high volume of oil; - It generates a lot of heat resulting from the high pressure associated with high flow rate; - Premature wear of steel gears due to constant friction between the teeth; - Limited motor diameter size, which ultimately requires high pressures to compensate for the small lever arm these motors have.

[0015] The hydraulic piston motor consists of a group of hydraulic cylinders with short strokes and varying diameters, radially distributed around its drive shaft. At the end of the piston rods are mechanisms that push a lever on a disc attached to the motor's drive shaft. This linear displacement of each piston results in a very small angular change in the drive shaft disc, requiring several hydraulic cylinders working sequentially to achieve a 360° rotation. Qon the drive shaft, meaning that this type of hydraulic motor can achieve high torque, but at low speed.

[0016] The following can be highlighted as limitations of the hydraulic piston motor: - It consumes a very high volume of oil; - Requires complex oil filtration; - Works only with specialty oils; - It requires very high hydraulic pressure to achieve certain desired torques; - It consumes a lot of electrical energy in the hydraulic unit that supplies high pressure with a high volume of oil; - It generates a lot of heat resulting from the high pressure associated with high flow rate; - Premature wear of the steel pistons due to constant friction of the metal part; - Limited motor diameter size, which ultimately requires high pressures to compensate for the small lever arm these motors have. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0017] A primary objective of the present invention is to propose equipment capable of generating high torque on the drive shaft while consuming little electrical energy from the pumping system.

[0018] A second objective of the invention is to utilize low hydraulic pressure, which allows for greater energy savings and smaller hydraulic equipment.

[0019] A third objective of the invention is to use a much smaller volume of oil than current systems to perform tasks that require high torque and higher rotations, which is only possible due to the mechanical characteristics of this invention.

[0020] A fourth objective of the present patent application is to reduce the temperature of the hydraulic motor, which is normally generated by the friction of the metal parts. ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The following points can be highlighted as advantages of the current patent application: - It uses a very small amount of hydraulic oil to generate rotation and high torque; - It consumes little electrical energy in the oil pumping system it uses to perform the work; - It allows for varying the dimensions of its components, occupying little physical space, to obtain higher torques and greater rotations; - It can be activated by any type of liquid without affecting its performance; - By using less hydraulic oil in its operation, it ultimately contributes to reducing CO2 emissions in the manufacture of hydraulic oil and also in the generation of electricity; - It is a highly environmentally friendly product because it uses other types of fluid, such as water, to perform the work of force, not necessarily requiring petroleum-derived oil, as is the case with conventional systems. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0022] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic view of the "TILTING PISTON HYDRAULIC MOTOR", where the hydraulic PISTONS can be seen in their various working positions, the oil inlet and outlet points, and the actuation system of the tension springs.

[0023] Figure 2 illustrates a schematic view of the side of the "TILTING PISTON HYDRAULIC MOTOR" where we can observe the four properly identified Quadrants and the demarcation line of the eccentric location point.

[0024] Figure 3 illustrates a schematic view of the "TILTING PISTON HYDRAULIC MOTOR" connected to an external Hydraulic Unit.

[0025] Figure 4 illustrates a schematic view of the "TILTING PISTON HYDRAULIC MOTOR", where we can see the behavior of the hydraulic PISTONS acting in the Upper Left Quadrant.

[0026] Figure 5 illustrates a schematic view of the "TILTING PISTON HYDRAULIC MOTOR", where we can see the behavior of the hydraulic PISTONS acting in the Upper Right Quadrant.

[0027] Figure 6 illustrates a schematic view of the "TILTING PISTON HYDRAULIC MOTOR", where we can see the behavior of the hydraulic PISTONS acting in the Lower Right Quadrant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] This is a hydraulic motor composed of a disc with a set of hydraulic pistons distributed along the perimeter of its outer diameter, and attached to a drive shaft supported between two bearings. This disc is mounted inside a hydraulic sleeve positioned off-center, so that the outer diameter of the disc works tangent to the inner diameter of the hydraulic sleeve at a certain point. Looking at the plan view, we can see four quadrants. In the lower left quadrant, the oil enters and begins to act on the first hydraulic piston, which is partially retracted into a cavity and fixed by a pin that allows it to tilt around this pin. It has a tension spring that has the function of keeping the hydraulic piston in constant contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic sleeve. As the pressurized oil flow fills the empty spaces,The oil encounters a blockage at the point located between the lower left and right quadrants, preventing its passage and forming a hydraulic lock. Hydraulic pressure begins to accumulate there, generating a force on the surface of the hydraulic piston. The disc then begins to rotate clockwise around its own axis. As the piston reaches its point of greatest area—the space between the disc and the hydraulic sleeve located between the upper left and right quadrants, the point furthest from the lever (the radius of the disc)—it generates torque and rotation. This is achieved through the continuous movement of the hydraulic pistons, and these torque-bearing movements are transmitted to the drive shaft for use in machines and equipment that utilize a hydraulic motor. As the hydraulic piston continues its trajectory, pulling the disc along with it...It passes through the point of greatest leverage and enters. In the upper right quadrant, the piston begins to be forced to tilt and retract back into the cavity. The oil outlet orifice is located in this quadrant, and all the now depressurized oil returns to the reservoir. When the piston reaches its lowest point, between the lower right and left quadrants, it is fully retracted into the cavity. Passing through this point, the process restarts, and the cycle repeats in the same way with all the hydraulic pistons, in an organized sequence, thus ensuring constant rotation and torque on the drive shaft.

[0029] The “TILTING PISTONS HYDRAULIC MOTOR” is basically composed of a group of Hydraulic PISTONS (5) that are fixed, but not immobilized, on the PISTONS Rotating Disc (4), along the perimeter of its outer diameter, and is held in place by means of an Articulation Pin (7) which allows it to tilt into the Piston Cavity (8) when there is no physical space to remain outside, which happens as the PISTONS Rotating Disc (4) begins to rotate.

[0030] The operation begins when the External Hydraulic Unit (22) starts pumping oil under pressure, which is directed into the Hydraulic Motor through the Oil Pressure Line (24), and passes through the Oil Inlet (1), which directs the oil into the Hydraulic Sleeve (2) where upon reaching the Hydraulic Chamber (3) it encounters the Hydraulic Piston (5) partially tilted out of the Piston Cavity (16), where it is tensioned by a Tension Spring (6), which aims to keep the Hydraulic Piston (5) in permanent contact with the inner race of the Hydraulic Sleeve (3), which has a Hydraulic Sleeve Cover (14) attached to it by means of Fixing Screws (15).

[0031] When the oil encounters the resistance of the Hydraulic Piston (5), the oil moves in the opposite direction, filling the empty spaces and reaching the Oil Blocking Point (11), which is a sealed location to prevent the passage of oil from the Lower Left Quadrant (21) to the Lower Right Quadrant (20), thus creating a hydraulic lock and pressure. The hydraulic pressure starts to increase because the Hydraulic Unit (22) does not stop sending oil, and the result is that the hydraulic pressure applied to the area of ​​the Hydraulic Piston (5) results in a force that starts to push the Hydraulic Piston (5), which, being attached to the Rotating Disc of the PISTONS (4), causes it to start rotating clockwise around the Motor Shaft (10) that is attached to it, and supported by two bearings, the Front Bearing (12) and the Rear Bearing (13) which is located on the Hydraulic Sleeve Cover (14).

[0032] As the oil volume increases, the Hydraulic Piston (5) continues to move and heads towards a sector of the Hydraulic Sleeve (2) where the mechanical lever of the Hydraulic Motor is greater, located between the Upper Left Quadrant (18) and the Upper Right Quadrant (19), at a point we call the Upper End (17), and at this point the Hydraulic Piston (5) reaches its limit of external exposure, i.e., outside the Piston cavity (8), sliding on the inner surface of the Hydraulic Sleeve (2) where the force applied at this point of the mechanical lever results in a torque that is transmitted to the Motor Shaft (10) to be used in machines and equipment that use a Hydraulic Motor.

[0033] The hydraulic PISTONS (5) that come next go through the same process repeatedly and continuously.

[0034] When the initial Hydraulic Piston (5) exits the Upper Left Quadrant (18) and enters the Upper Right Quadrant (19), a reverse tilting displacement of the Hydraulic Piston (5) begins to occur because the Rotating Disc of the PISTONS (4) has its Drive Shaft (10) mounted outside the centerline of the Hydraulic Sleeve (2).

[0035] In this Upper Right Quadrant (19), the Hydraulic Piston (5), which is constantly in contact with the inner race of the Hydraulic Sleeve (2), is forced to tilt into the Piston Cavity (8), and in this same Quadrant there is an oil leakage point that is currently heading towards the oil outlet (9), where all the oil that is trapped between one piston and another loses its flow. pressure and passes through the oil outlet (9), returning to the Hydraulic Unit (22) to restart its work which will vary according to the oil flow rate with a torque that may vary according to the hydraulic pressure and the length of the lever, which is the radius of the Rotating Disc of the PISTONS (4).

[0036] When the Hydraulic Piston (5) is moving from the Lower Right Quadrant (20) to the Lower Left Quadrant (23), it is fully retracted and in this way the seal at this point is guaranteed so that the system has the highest efficiency.

Claims

CLAIMS 1 TILT-PLUNGER HYDRAULIC MOTOR”, characterized by being made up of a group of Pistons that tilt into a radius-shaped cavity that allows the housing of the Hydraulic Piston gradually as the spaces decrease, and are distributed along the perimeter of a disc that is mounted below the center line of the Hydraulic Jacket, and remains in constant contact with the surface of its internal diameter, with traction through the action of a traction or compression spring, and moves according to the available physical space depending on the position and location in which it is found, in which the hydraulic pistons are coated with non-ferrous, friction-resistant material, such as Teflon or other engineering plastic, in order to avoid metal-to-metal contact, and thus reduce the generation of heat and wear with the release of solid particles that are harmful to hydraulic systems. 2 “TILTING PISTON HYDRAULIC MOTOR”, according to claim 1, characterized by a system for moving the Pistons that tilt around an axis positioned in the region of one of their vertices, which allows tilting as the physical space between the Disc and the Hydraulic Jacket decreases.

3. Cavities in the face of the Tilting Hydraulic Piston, according to claim 1, in the shape of a shell, but not limited to this geometry, characterized by allowing a point of greater action of the hydraulic pressure and better use of energy.

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