Methods of treating diabetes and obesity
Mazdutide, administered at maintenance doses of 4.0 mg or 6.0 mg once weekly, addresses the inadequacies of current diabetes and obesity treatments by significantly reducing HbA1c levels and achieving substantial weight loss while improving metabolic parameters.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/123192
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-10-03
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-10
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for diabetes and obesity are insufficient, with many patients experiencing inadequate glycemic control and weight management, and existing medications often come with side effects and limited efficacy.
Administration of Mazdutide or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt at maintenance doses of 4.0 mg or 6.0 mg once weekly, with optional escalating doses, to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, particularly in subjects with high BMI and refractory to other therapies.
The treatment effectively reduces HbA1c levels to below 7.0%, achieves significant weight loss of at least 5% or 10%, and improves other metabolic parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, waist circumference, and lipid profiles, with a favorable safety profile.
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Figure CN2024123192_10042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS OF TREATING DIABETES AND OBESITY
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to PCT application No. PCT / CN2023 / 123081, filed October 3, 2023, the content of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0003] REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING
[0004] The contents of the electronic sequence listing (701672000542SEQLIST. xml; Size: 3, 297 bytes; and Date of Creation: September 27, 2024) is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD
[0005] The present invention relates to medicine. Specifically, the present invention relates to methods of using Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.BACKGROUND
[0006] The alarming escalation in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has become a critical concern worldwide. These conditions not only detrimentally affect physical health but also pose substantial risks to individuals’ overall well-being and quality of life. Despite efforts to address these issues through lifestyle interventions, many patients find them insufficient for effective weight control, necessitating therapeutic intervention. While early weight-loss drugs have shown some benefits, their usage is often limited due to accompanying side effects. Although there are currently various GLP-1 modulators available in the market that have demonstrated promising efficacy in weight loss, there still remains a significant unmet need for effective treatments for individuals with high BMI struggling with obesity.
[0007] Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes accounting for approximately 90%of all diabetes. T2D is characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by insulin resistance. The current standard of care for T2D includes diet and exercise along with available oral and injectable glucose lowering drags. Nonetheless, many patients with T2D still remain inadequately controlled. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to several conditions that impact morbidity and mortality of patients. One of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes is obesity. The majority of T2D patients are overweight or obese.
[0008] As such, there remains significant unmet needs for safe and effective therapies for treatment of diabetes and obesity. The compositions and methods provided herein meet these needs and provide relative advantages.SUMMARY
[0009] Provided herein are methods for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly.
[0010] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, the methods further comprise administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0011] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, the methods further comprise administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0012] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, the subject is at least 18 years old.
[0013] In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with lifestyle intervention. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.5%. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject is less than 8.5%. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject is at least 8.5%. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 23 kg / m2 (e.g., such as at least 24 kg / m2, 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, or 33 kg / m2) .
[0014] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for about 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for about 20 weeks.
[0015] In some embodiments, the methods provided herein reduce HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%. In some embodiments, the methods provided herein result in at least 5%or at least 10%weight loss in the subject.
[0016] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed above, the methods comprise administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg for at least 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, or 1.5%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline is the reduction in HbA1c from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, or 1.4%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, or 65%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than ≤6.5%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, or 55%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, 2.0 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, or 2.2 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in FPG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in FPG from baseline is the reduction in FPG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in FPG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in FPG from baseline by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, 2.0 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.4 mmol / L, or 2.6 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, or 5.5%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in body weight from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in body weight from baseline is the reduction in body weight from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in body weight from baseline by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, or 4.0%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥10%in at least any of 5%, 10%, or 15%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%and reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects does not result in i) more than any of 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%level 1 mild hypoglycemia, and / or ii) more than any of 1%. 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia or level 3 severe hypoglycemia. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, 3 mmol / L, or 3.5 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline is the reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline by at least any of 0.5 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, or 2 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, or 3.5 cm. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline is the reduction in waist circumference from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, or 3 cm. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, 5 mmHg, 5.5 mmHg, 6 mmHg, 6.5 mmHg, or 7 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, or 5 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, or 2.5 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, or 2.5 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in TG from baseline, wherein the reference change in TG from baseline is the change in TG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in TG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in TG from baseline by at least any of -10%, -11%, -12%, -13%, -14%, -15%, -16%, -17%, -18%, -19%, or -20%. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, or 7 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in ALT from baseline, wherein the reference change in ALT from baseline is the change in ALT from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in ALT from baseline by at least any of -6 U / L, -6.5 U / L, -7 U / L, -7.5 U / L, -8 U / L, -8.5 U / L, -9 U / L, -9.5 U / L, or -10 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, or 4.5 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in AST from baseline, wherein the reference change in AST from baseline is the change in AST from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in AST from baseline by at least any of -4 U / L, -4.5 U / L, -5 U / L, -5.5 U / L, -6 U / L, -6.5 U / L, or -7 U / L. When a plurality of subjects are treated, the various parameters discussed herein can be the mean or median value of the parameters.
[0017] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed above, the methods comprise administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg for at least 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline is the reduction in HbA1c from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, or 2.0%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or 85%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than ≤6.5%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in FPG from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, 2.0 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.4 mmol / L, 2.6 mmol / L, 2.8 mmol / L, 3.0 mmol / L, or 3.2 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in FPG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in FPG from baseline is the reduction in FPG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in FPG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in FPG from baseline by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, 2.0 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.4 mmol / L, 2.6 mmol / L, 2.8 mmol / L, 3.0 mmol / L, 3.2 mmol / L, or 3.4 mmol / L. . In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7.0%, or 7.5%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in body weight from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in body weight from baseline is the reduction in body weight from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in body weight from baseline by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, or 6.5%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, or 65%of the plurality of human subjects. . In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥10%in at least any of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%and reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%of the plurality of human subjects.. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects does not result in i) more than any of 5.5%, 5%, 4.5, 4%or 3.8%level 1 mild hypoglycemia, ii) more than any of 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia, and / or iii) more than any of 1%. 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%level 3 severe hypoglycemia. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, 3 mmol / L, 3.5 mmol / L, 4 mmol / L, or 4.5 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline is the reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline by at least any of 0.5 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, or 2.5 mmol / L. . In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, or 4.5 cm. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline is the reduction in waist circumference from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, or 4 cm. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, 5 mmHg, 5.5 mmHg, 6 mmHg, or 6.5 mmHg. . In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, or 4.5 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, or 2 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, or 2.5 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, or 22%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in TG from baseline, wherein the reference change in TG from baseline is the change in TG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in TG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in TG from baseline by at least any of -10%, -15%, -20%, -21%, -22%, -23%, -24%, -25%, -26%, -27%, -28%, -29%, -30%, -31%, or -32%. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, 8 U / L, or 8.5 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in ALT from baseline, wherein the reference change in ALT from baseline is the change in ALT from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in ALT from baseline by at least any of -6 U / L, -6.5 U / L, -7 U / L, -7.5 U / L, -8 U / L, -8.5 U / L, -9 U / L, -9.5 U / L, -10 U / L, -10.5 U / L, -11 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, or 5.5 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in AST from baseline, wherein the reference change in AST from baseline is the change in AST from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in AST from baseline by at least any of -4 U / L, -4.5 U / L, -5 U / L, -5.5 U / L, -6 U / L, -6.5 U / L, -7 U / L, -7.5 U / L, or -8 U / L.
[0018] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the treatment is a monotherapy.
[0019] Provided herein are also methods for treating T2D in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the T2D is refractory to metformin monotherapy, combination therapy of metformin and a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or combination therapy of metformin and sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is administered at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, the subject is administered with metformin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea.
[0020] Provided herein are also methods for treating T2D in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a) a therapeutically effective amount of mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and b) a second agent comprising metformin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the type 2 diabetes is refractory to metformin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea.
[0021] In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea described herein is amaryl, chlorpropamide, diabeta, diabinese, glimepiride, glipizide, glucotrol, glucotrol xl, glyburide, glynase, glynase prestab, minodiab, orinase, tolazamide, tolbutamide, and / or tolinase.
[0022] In some embodiments, the subject is administered with metformin. Dosing regimen of the metformin can be any dosages that are approved by doctors and / or commonly used for treating type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the subject is administered with metformin at a dose of about 500 mg to about 2550 mg (e.g., 500 mg, 750 mg, 850 mg, 1000 mg, 1200 mg, 1500 mg, 1700 mg, 2000 mg, 2550 mg) every day. In some embodiments, the subject is administered with metformin once a day or twice a day. In some embodiments, the subject is administered with at least 850 mg metformin once a day.
[0023] In some embodiments, the subject is administered with a SGLT2 inhibitor. Dosing regimen of the SGLT2 inhibitor can be any dosages that are approved by doctors and / or commonly used for treating type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, henagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is empagliflozin. In some embodiments, the empagliflozin is administered at a dose of about 10 mg to about 25 mg per day. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is dapagliflozin. In some embodiments, dapagliflozin is administered at a dose of about 5 mg to about 10 mg per day. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is canagliflozin. In some embodiments, canagliflozin is administered at a dose of about 100 mg to about 300 mg per day. In some embodiments, the daily dose of the SGLT2 inhibitor is given in one dose or in two doses.
[0024] In some embodiments, the subject is administered with a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is amaryl, chlorpropamide, diabeta, diabinese, glimepiride, glipizide, glucotrol, glucotrol xl, glyburide, glynase, glynase prestab, minodiab, orinase, tolazamide, tolbutamide, and / or tolinase. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is glipizide. In some embodiments, the glipizide is administered at a dose of about 2.5 mg to 40 mg (e.g., 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg) per day. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is glipizide xl. In some embodiments, the glipizide xl is administered at a dose of about 5 mg to 20 mg (e.g., 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg) per day. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is glimepiride. In some embodiments, the glimepiride is administered at a dose of about 1 mg to 8 mg per day. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is glyburide. In some embodiments, the glyburide is administered at a dose of about 1.25 mg to 20 mg per day. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is chlorpropamide. In some embodiments, the chlorpropamide is administered at a dose of about 100 mg to 750 mg per day. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is tolazamide. In some embodiments, the tolazamide is administered at a dose of about 100 mg to 1000 mg per day. In some embodiments, the daily dose of the sulfonylurea is given in one dose or in two doses.
[0025] In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0026] In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0027] In some embodiments, provides here are methods for treating T2D that is refractory to metformin monotherapy. In some embodiments, provides here are methods for treating T2D that is refractory to combination therapy of metformin and an SGLT2 inhibitor. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, henagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, provides here are methods for treating T2D that is refractory to combination therapy of metformin and sulfonylurea.
[0028] In some embodiments, the subject treated by the methods disclosed herein is at least 18 years old. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-11%. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject is less than 8.5%. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject is at least 8.5%. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 23 kg / m2 (e.g., such as at least 24 kg / m2, 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, or 33 kg / m2) .
[0029] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for about 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for about 24 weeks.
[0030] In some embodiments, the methods provided herein reduce HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%. In some embodiments, the methods provided herein result in at least 5%or at least 10%weight loss in the subject.
[0031] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the method further comprises administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg for at least any of 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, or 1.5%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline is the reduction in HbA1c from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline by at least any of 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, or 0.3%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than ≤6.5%in at least any of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, or 2.0 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in FPG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in FPG from baseline is the reduction in FPG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in FPG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in FPG from baseline by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, or 0.4 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, or 7.0%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in body weight from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in body weight from baseline is the reduction in body weight from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in body weight from baseline by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, or 4.0%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥10%in at least any of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or 25%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%and reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, or 3 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline is the reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, or 0.6 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4.5 cm, 5 cm, or 5.5 cm. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline is the reduction in waist circumference from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, or 2.5 cm. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, or 4.5 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, or 3 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, or 2 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 0.2 mmHg, 0.4 mmHg, 0.6 mmHg, 0.8 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, or 18%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in TG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in TG from baseline is the reduction in TG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in TG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in TG from baseline by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, or 16%. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, 8 U / L, or 8.5 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in ALT from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in ALT from baseline is the reduction in ALT from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in ALT from baseline by at least any of 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, or 8 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, or 5 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects does not result in i) more than any of 25%, 20%, 19%, 18%or 17%level 1 mild hypoglycemia, and / or ii) more than any of 10%. 9%, 8%, or 7%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia, and / or iii) 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%or level 3 severe hypoglycemia. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in AST from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in AST from baseline is the reduction in AST from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in AST from baseline by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, or 5 U / L.
[0032] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the methods comprise administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg for at least 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, or 1.7%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline is the reduction in HbA1c from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline by at least any of 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, or 0.35%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than ≤6.5%in at least any of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in FPG from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, or 2.0 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in FPG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in FPG from baseline is the reduction in FPG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in FPG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in FPG from baseline by at least any of 0.05 mmol / L, 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, or 0.3 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7.0%, 7.5%, 8.0%, 8.5%, 9.0%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in body weight from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in body weight from baseline is the reduction in body weight from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in body weight from baseline by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, or 6.0%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, or 75%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥10%in at least any of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, or 35%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%and reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%of the plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, or 3 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline is the reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, or 0.6 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4.5 cm, 5 cm, 5.5 cm, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, or 7 cm. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline is the reduction in waist circumference from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, or 4 cm. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, or 5 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, or 3.5 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, or 2 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 0.2 mmHg, 0.4 mmHg, 0.6 mmHg, 0.8 mmHg. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, or 26%. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in TG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in TG from baseline is the reduction in TG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in TG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in TG from baseline by at least any of 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, or 24%. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, 8 U / L, 8.5 U / L, 9 U / L, or 9.5 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in ALT from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in ALT from baseline is the reduction in ALT from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in ALT from baseline by at least any of 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, 8 U / L, or 8.5 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, or 6 U / L. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects does not result in i) more than any of 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, or 9.5%level 1 mild hypoglycemia, and / or ii) more than any of 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia, and / or iii) 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%or level 3 severe hypoglycemia. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in AST from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in AST from baseline is the reduction in AST from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in AST from baseline by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, or 5.5 U / L.
[0033] Provided herein are also methods for treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly.
[0034] In some embodiments of the methods provided herein, the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0035] In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0036] In some embodiments, the subject to be treated by methods disclosed herein is at least 18 years old. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI ranging 24 kg / m2 -28 kg / m2 and has a condition that is prediabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, weight-bearing joint pain, dyspnea, or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.5%.
[0037] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for about 40 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for about 44 weeks.
[0038] In some embodiments, methods provided herein result in at least 5%or at least 10%weight loss in the subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%.
[0039] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed above for treating overweight or obesity, the method comprises comprising: administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg for at least about 28 weeks. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a) a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, or 10%after 28 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, or 11%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5.5 cm, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, 7 cm, 7.5 cm, 8 cm, 8.5 cm, or 9 cm after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, 5 mmHg, 5.5 mmHg, 6 mmHg, 6.5 mmHg, or 7.5 mmHg after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, 2, 5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, or 3.5 mmHg after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in heart rate from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5 times / minutes after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%or 25.5%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in total cholesterol from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, or 3%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, or 3%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in blood uric acid from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, or 7.5%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment according to results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, or 19%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, or 6.5%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose.
[0040] In some embodiments according to methods described herein for treating overweight or obesity, the method comprises administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least 4 weeks, administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg for at least 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a) a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, or 11%, 11.5%, 12%, or 12.5%, after 24 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 13.5%, or 14% after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5.5 cm, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, 7 cm, 7.5 cm, 8 cm, 8.5 cm, 9 cm, 9.5 cm, 10 cm, or 10.5 cm after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5 mmHg, 5.5 mmHg, 6 mmHg, 6.5 mmHg, 7.5 mmHg, 8 mmHg, 8.5 mmHg, 9 mmHg, or 9.5 mmHg after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2, 5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, or 5 mmHg after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in reduction in heart rate from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5 times / minutes after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, or 31.5%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in total cholesterol from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 6.5%, or 6.8%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 6.5%, or 7%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in blood uric acid from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, or 12.9%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment according to results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 26%or 26.9%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, or 11.5%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose.
[0041] In some embodiments described herein for treating obesity or overweight, the treatment result in one or more of the following. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction (e.g., in mean or median) in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 13.5%or 14%) as compared to a reference reduction in body weight from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in at least about any of 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%. 60%, 65%, 70%, 72%, 74%, 76%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, or 90%of the plurality of the subjects achieved at least any of 5%, 10%, or 15%weight loss after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a higher percentage (e.g., at least about any of 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%. 60%, 65%, 70%, 72%, 74%, 76%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, or 90%) of the plurality of subjects that achieved at least 5%, 10%, or 14%weight loss as compared to a reference percentage in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 5.5 cm, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, 7 cm, 7.5 cm, 8 cm, 8.5 cm, 9 cm, 9.5 cm, 10 cm, or 10.5 cm) as compared to a reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, 5 mmHg, 5.5 mmHg, 6 mmHg, 6.5 mmHg, 7.5 mmHg, or 7.7 mmHg) as compared to a reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, 2, 5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, or 4.5 mmHg) as compared to a reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 31.5%or 32%) as compared to a reference reduction in triglyceride from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in total cholesterol from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.4%, 75%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, or 11.2%) as compared to a reference reduction in total cholesterol from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in LDL-C from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 75%, 8%, 8.2%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, or 12.0%) as compared to a reference reduction in LDL-C from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in blood uric acid from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 13.5%, 14%, 15.5%, 16%, 16.5%, or 17%) as compared to a reference reduction in blood uric acid from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 26%, 26.5%, 27%, 27.5%, 28%, 28.5%, 29%, 29.5%, 30%, 30.5%, 31%, 31.5%, 32%, or 32.5%) as compared to a reference reduction in ALT from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 13.5%, 14%, or 15.5%) as compared to a reference reduction in AST from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a reduction in HbA1c (%) of at least about any of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, or 0.3. In some embodiments, the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in HbA1c (%) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects (e.g., by at least any of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, or 0.3) as compared to a reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline in a second plurality of subjects treated with a placebo after about any of 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks, 44 weeks or 48 weeks of maintenance dose.
[0042] Exemplary placebo as described here in methods can be a composition consists of all ingredients in the Mazdutide composition used herein except the active ingredient Mazdutide. In some embodiments. the placebo comprises tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol, disodium edetate, diluted hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and water.
[0043] Provided herein are also methods for treating obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of 9.0 mg once weekly.
[0044] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalating dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0045] In some embodiments, the subject to be treated by methods disclosed herein is at least 18 years old. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 30.0 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 32.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 32.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has at least one failed attempt to lose weight by lifestyle intervention. In some embodiments, subject also has type 2 diabetes that is refractory to the treatment of an oral antidiabetic agent, wherein the antidiabetic agent is not a GLP-1 receptor agonist, a DPP4 inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.0%.
[0046] In some embodiments of the methods provided herein, the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, at least 52 weeks, or at least 60 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered for about 52 weeks.
[0047] In some embodiments, methods provided herein result in at least 5%or at least 10%weight loss in the subject.
[0048] Provided herein are also methods for improving lipid profile, treating hyperlipidemia or alleviating the blood triglyceride (TG) level, the blood total cholesterol (TC) level, or the blood LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) level in a human subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly, wherein the subject has Type 2 diabetes and one or more of a) hyperlipidemia, b) a baseline blood triglyceride level of at least about 1.7 mmol / L, c) a baseline total cholesterol level of at least about 5.2 mmol / L, and d) a baseline LDL cholesterol level of at least 3.4 mmol / L. In some embodiments, the treatment with mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is a monotherapy. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering a maintenance dose of 4.0 mg once weekly for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about or about four weeks, a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about or about four weeks, and a maintenance dose of 6.0 mg once weekly for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old. In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with lifestyle intervention. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.5%. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject is less than 8.5%. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject is at least 8.5%. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 23 kg / m2 (e.g., such as at least 24 kg / m2, 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, or 33 kg / m2) . In some embodiments, the method reduces HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%. In some embodiments, the method results in at least any of 5%or 10%weight loss in the subject. In some embodiments, the type 2 diabetes is refractory to metformin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the subject is also administered with a second agent comprising metformin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is amaryl, chlorpropamide, diabeta, diabinese, glimepiride, glipizide, glucotrol, glucotrol xl, glyburide, glynase, glynase prestab, minodiab, orinase, tolazamide, tolbutamide, tolinase, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the SGLT2 inhibitor is empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, henagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or any combination thereof.
[0049] In some embodiments of the methods provided therein for improving lipid profile, treating hyperlipidemia or alleviating the blood TG level, the blood TC level, or the blood LDL cholesterol level, the method further comprises administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg for at least any of 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood triglyceride level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, or 0.75 mmol / L after 20 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood triglyceride level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.6 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 1.0 mmol / L, 1.1 mmol / L, or 1.2 mmol / L after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.6 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 1.0 mmol / L, 1.1 mmol / L, or 1.15 mmol / L after 20 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.45 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.55 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, or 0.63 mmol / L after 44 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood LDL cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.45 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.55 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.65 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, or 0.72 mmol / L after 20 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.15 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.25 mmol / L, or 0.27 mmol / L after 44 weeks of maintenance dose.
[0050] In some embodiments of the methods provided therein for improving lipid profile, treating hyperlipidemia or alleviating the blood TG level, the blood TC level, or the blood LDL cholesterol level, the method further comprises administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least any of 4 weeks, administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg for at least any of 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood triglyceride level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.6 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 1.0 mmol / L, 1.1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.3 mmol / L, 1.35 mmol / L, or 1.38 mmol / L after 16 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood triglyceride level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 0.9 mmol / L, or 0.96 mmol / L after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.6 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 1.0 mmol / L, 1.1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, or 1.25 mmol / L after 16 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 0.9 mmol / L, or 0.92 mmol / L after 40 weeks of maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood LDL cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 0.85 mmol / L, or 0.89 mmol / L after 16 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.45 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, or 0.55 mmol / L after 40 weeks of maintenance dose.
[0051] In some embodiments of the methods provided therein, the composition is administered subcutanteously.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0052] FIG. 1 shows that Mazdutide effectively reduced HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes.
[0053] FIG. 2 shows that Mazdutide effectively reduced body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.
[0054] FIG. 3A shows that Mazdutide effectively reduced body weight in overweight or obese patients.
[0055] FIG. 3B shows the percentages of patients that reached weight loss goals (at least 5%, or at least 10%) in all treatment groups. In both parts, bars represent data from Mazdutide 3.0 mg group, Mazdutide 4.5 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group, and placebo group, respectively, from left to right.
[0056] FIG. 4 shows that Mazdutide effectively reduced waist circumstances in overweight or obese patients.
[0057] FIG. 5A shows that Mazdutide 4mg and Mazdutide 6mg effectively reduced HbA1c in T2D diabetes with inadequate response to diet and exercise. FIG. 5B shows that Mazdutide 4mg and Mazdutide 6mg effectively reduced body weight in T2D diabetes with inadequate response to diet and exercise.
[0058] FIG. 6A shows that Mazdutide 4mg and Mazdutide 6mg effectively reduced HbA1c in T2D diabetes with inadequate response to metformin monotherapy or combination therapy with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors / sulfonylureas. FIG. 6B shows that Mazdutide 4mg and Mazdutide 6mg effectively reduced body weight in T2D diabetes with inadequate response to metformin monotherapy or combination therapy with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors / sulfonylureas.
[0059] FIG. 7 shows that Mazdutide 4mg and Mazdutide 6mg effectively reduced body weight in treating obesity.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0060] The present disclosure provides methods of treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0061] Type 2 diabetes
[0062] T2D is a disorder of glucose metabolism characterized by chronic elevation of blood glucose due to insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell function decline. Inadequately controlled hyperglycemia leads to irreversible microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as vision loss, blindness, renal insufficiency, peripheral neuropathy, myocardial infarction, stroke, and amputation. According to the global diabetes overview published by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2019, there are 463 million people aged 20-79 years with diabetes worldwide, and this number is expected to increase to 700 million in 2045. The high incidence, insidiousness, and serious complications of diabetes mellitus seriously threaten human health.
[0063] Currently, it is widely accepted that the pathogenesis of T2D primarily involves insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell hypofunction. As the disease progresses, the β-cell function gradually declines each year, ultimately leading to failure. Current medications for glycemic control, such as thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, and insulin, primarily aim to ameliorate insulin resistance or address β-cell secretion defects in individuals. However, these treatments do not fundamentally halt the deterioration of β-cell function and are associated with side effects like hypoglycemia and weight gain. While insulin injections can provide some relief to pancreatic β-cells and indirectly contribute to their protection, they cannot reverse this process either.
[0064] The current treatment guidelines all recommend lifestyle management and metformin as first-line treatment for T2D patients with high blood sugar. If blood sugar levels do not meet the target when treated with metformin alone, then combination therapy should be considered. Drugs for combination therapy include secretagogues, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, TZDs, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, or GLP-1 receptor agonists, among others.
[0065] Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists represent a highly promising class of novel hypoglycemic agents that have instilled new hope in patients with T2D. GLP-1 is a peptide hormone secreted by intestinal cells in response to dietary stimulation, exerting a range of metabolic effects. These effects encompass the inhibition of apoptosis in pancreatic islet β-cells, suppression of glucagon secretion, promotion of islet β-cell proliferation, stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin synthesis and secretion, enhancement of glucose utilization in peripheral tissues, and reduction of hepatic glucose output. However, endogenous GLP-1 is rapidly inactivated in the plasma through enzymatic cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and cleared by swift glomerular filtration, resulting in an exceedingly short half-life. GLP-1R agonists adopt a distinct approach to address the limitations of native GLP-1. These agents can concurrently lower blood glucose levels and reduce body weight in individuals with T2D while posing a lower risk of hypoglycemia. Short-acting GLP-1R agonists like exenatide and lixisenatide, as well as long-acting counterparts such as albiglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide, which find common use in clinical practice, have demonstrated good efficacy and safety profiles in terms of glycemic control, weight management, and the enhancement of lipid profiles and cardiovascular outcomes, making them appealing options for the treatment of T2D.
[0066] In recent years, the development of multiple agonists targeting various metabolic pathways has gained significant attention in the field of drug development for metabolic diseases. Results from several preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that the co-administration of GLP-1R agonists with other enterotropic hormones can lead to promotional or synergistic effects. Additionally, the emergence of single-molecule multiple agonists, which exhibit balanced activity at multiple receptors, holds the promise of delivering enhanced efficacy, reduced side effects, and improved pharmacokinetics compared to single-target agonists used alone or in combination.
[0067] Obesity
[0068] Obesity refers to the excessive accumulation and / or abnormal distribution of fat within the body, often accompanied by weight gain. In 2016, over 1.9 billion adults worldwide were overweight, with over 650 million of them being obese. Among adults aged 18 and older, 39%were overweight, and 13%were obese. Furthermore, obesity can lead to a series of complications or related diseases, significantly affecting life expectancy and reducing the quality of life. For example, being overweight or obese is closely associated with chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and T2D, as well as an increased risk of premature death. Studies indicate that individuals with a BMI ≥24 kg / m2 have a 3-4 times higher risk of developing hypertension compared to those with a normal weight (BMI 18.5-23.9 kg / m2) and a 2-3 times higher risk of developing T2D. Numerous studies have confirmed that a weight loss of 5%to 10%offers significant benefits in slowing the progression of T2D and improving obesity-related comorbidities, and weight loss also has a favorable impact on the cardiovascular risk and mortality rates of diabetes and obesity patients.
[0069] For individuals who are overweight or obese, lifestyle intervention is the preferred initial treatment. However, a significant portion of these patients may not achieve their desired weight loss goals due to various reasons. For such patients, considering the use of weight loss medications is recommended. For example, individuals with a BMI ≥28 kg / m2 and who have undergone 3 months of lifestyle intervention without achieving a 5%weight loss, or those with a BMI ≥24 kg / m2 and who have obesity-related complications such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) , weight-bearing joint pain, or sleep apnea syndrome, are recommended to take medication in addition to lifestyle and behavioral interventions.
[0070] Currently, the FDA-approved long-term (≥12 weeks) obesity treatment drugs mainly include phentermine and topiramate extended-release capsules, bupropion hydrochloride-naltrexone hydrochloride, liraglutide, and semaglutide injections. Short-term weight loss medications (<12 weeks) include diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, phentermine, benzphetamine, among others. Although current weight loss drugs have shown some effectiveness in reducing weight, their uses are limited by the side effects. For example, diethylpropion may cause tachycardia and insomnia, phentermine may lead to insomnia, dry mouth, and constipation, and the combination formulation of phentermine and fenfluramine may be associated with primary pulmonary hypertension and heart valve insufficiency. Orlistat may result in fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, gastrointestinal bloating, urgency, and fatty stools, among other side effects.
[0071] Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown that co-administration of GLP-1 receptor agonists with other gastrointestinal hormones demonstrates a promoting or synergistic effect for treating for metabolic diseases such as T2D. Compared to the use of single-target agonists alone or in combination, single-molecule multi-receptor agonists with balanced activity across multiple receptors can further enhance efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve pharmacokinetics. Therefore, GLP-1-based single-molecule multi-receptor agonists have the potential for benefits such as synergistic effects, improved tolerability, and enhanced safety.
[0072] Oxyntomodulin (OXM) and Mazdutide
[0073] Oxyntomodulin (OXM) is a peptide hormone released by human intestinal L-cells following nutrient intake, which functions as a dual agonist for both the GLP-1R and GCGR receptors. This unique combination of GLP-1R and GCGR activation harnesses the thermogenic and lipolytic effects of glucagon while also benefiting from the gastric emptying-delaying properties of GLP-1. As such, these dual agonists not only promote significant weight loss but also counteract the glucose-raising effects of glucagon through the insulinotropic effects of GLP-1, thereby achieving effective glycemic control. In human studies, the in vivo administration of OXM significantly reduces body weight and appetite while increasing energy expenditure. Mazdutide is a long-acting synthetic peptide that closely resembles OXM. As an analog of OXM, Mazdutide acts by the simultaneous activation of GLP-1R and GCGR. The fatty acyl side chain on Mazdutide enables it to be administered once weekly (QW) , enhances convenience and compliance for patients.
[0074] Before the present disclosure is further described, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiments set forth herein, and it is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting.
[0075] Definitions
[0076] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in the present disclosures shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. Generally, nomenclatures used in connection with, and techniques of, cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, genetics and protein and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described herein are those well-known and commonly used in the art.
[0077] The term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “an antibody, ” is understood to represent one or more antibodies.
[0078] The term “and / or” where used herein is to be taken as specific disclosure of each of the two specified features or components with or without the other. Thus, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A and / or B” herein is intended to include “A and B, ” “A or B, ” “A” (alone) , and B” (alone) . Likewise, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following aspects: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0079] As used herein, the term “about” is used to indicate that a value includes the inherent variation of error for the device, the method being employed to determine the value, or the variation that exists among the study subjects. The term “about” encompasses the exact number recited. In some embodiments, “about” means within plus or minus 10%of a given value or range. In some embodiments, “about” means that the variation is ±5%, ±4%, ±3%, ±2%, ±1%, ±0.5%, ±0.2%, or ±0.1%of the value to which “about” refers. In some embodiments, “about” means that the variation is ±1%, ±0.5%, ±0.2%, or ±0.1%of the value to which “about” refers.
[0080] The terms “polypeptide, ” “peptide, ” “protein, ” and their grammatical equivalents as used interchangeably herein refer to polymers of amino acids of any length, which can be linear or branched. It can include unnatural or modified amino acids or be interrupted by non-amino acids. A polypeptide, peptide, or protein can also be modified with, for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or any other manipulation or modification.
[0081] The term “variant” as used herein in relation to a protein or a polypeptide with particular sequence features (the “reference protein” or “reference polypeptide” ) refers to a different protein or polypeptide having one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 30, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) amino acid substitutions, deletions, and / or additions as compared to the reference protein or reference polypeptide. The changes to an amino acid sequence can be amino acid substitutions. The changes to an amino acid sequence can be conservative amino acid substitutions. The changes to an amino acid sequence can be amino acid deletions. A variant can be a fragment of the reference protein or polypeptide. A functional variant of a protein or polypeptide maintains the basic structural and functional properties of the reference protein or polypeptide.
[0082] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to a substance (e.g., an active ingredient or an excipient) that is suitable for use in contact with the tissues and organs of a subject without excessive irritation, allergic response, immunogenicity and toxicity, is commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio, and is effective for its intended use. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a material that is suitable for drug administration to a subject along with an active agent without causing undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the pharmaceutical composition.
[0083] The term “treat” and its grammatical equivalents as used herein in connection with a disease or a condition, or a subject having a disease or a condition refer to an action that suppresses, eliminates, reduces, and / or ameliorates a symptom, the severity of the symptom, and / or the frequency of the symptom associated with the disease or disorder being treated.
[0084] The term “administer” and its grammatical equivalents as used herein refer to the act of delivering, or causing to be delivered, a therapeutic or a pharmaceutical composition to the body of a subject by a method described herein or otherwise known in the art. Administering a therapeutic or a pharmaceutical composition includes prescribing a therapeutic or a pharmaceutical composition to be delivered into the body of a subject. Exemplary forms of administration include oral dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions; injectable dosage forms, such as intravenous (IV) , intramuscular (IM) , or intraperitoneal (IP) ; transdermal dosage forms, including creams, jellies, powders, or patches; buccal dosage forms; inhalation powders, sprays, suspensions, and rectal suppositories.
[0085] The terms “effective amount, ” “therapeutically effective amount, ” and their grammatical equivalents as used herein refer to the administration of an agent to a subject, either alone or as a part of a pharmaceutical composition and either in a single dose or as part of a series of doses, in an amount that is capable of having any detectable, positive effect on any symptom, aspect, or characteristics of a disease, disorder or condition when administered to the subject. The therapeutically effective amount can be ascertained by measuring relevant physiological effects. The exact amount required varies from subject to subject, depending on the age, weight, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the condition being treated, the judgment of the clinician, and the like. An appropriate “effective amount” in any individual case can be determined by one of ordinary skills in the art using routine experimentation.
[0086] The term “subject” as used herein refers to any animal (e.g., a mammal) , including, but not limited to, humans, non-human primates, canines, felines, rodents, and the like, which is to be the recipient of a particular treatment. A subject can be a human. A subject can have a particular disease or condition.
[0087] Ranges: throughout this disclosure, various aspects of the invention can be presented in a range format. The description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 2.7, 3, 4, 5, 5.3, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.
[0088] Exemplary genes and polypeptides are described herein with reference to GenBank numbers, GI numbers and / or SEQ ID NOS. It is understood that one skilled in the art can readily identify homologous sequences by reference to sequence sources, including but not limited to GenBank (ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / genbank / ) and EMBL (embl. org / ) .
[0089] Compositions
[0090] Provided herein are compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Compositions provided herein can be useful in reducing glucose in a subject in need thereof. Compositions provided herein can be useful in treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) , such as refractory T2D, in a subject in need thereof. Compositions provided herein can be also used in treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof.
[0091] Mazdutide is a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) agonist that binds to and activates GLP-1R and GCGR. Mazdutide is also described in patent CN201680036771.3, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0092] Mazdutide has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1: His-Xaa-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Glu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly; wherein Xaa is alpha amino isobutyric acid (Aib) ; Lys at position 20 is chemically modified through conjugation to the epsilon-amino group of the K side-chain with ( [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γGlu) 1-CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H; and the carboxyl group of the C-terminal Gly is amidated to the C-terminal primary amide.
[0093] The chemical structure of Mazdutide is shown below:
[0094] As understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, Mazdutide can be reacted with any number of inorganic and organic bases to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts and conventional methodologies for their preparation are well known in the art. See, for example, P. Stahl et al., HANDBOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL SALTS: PROPERTIES, SELECTION AND USE, 2nd Revision (Wiley-VCH, 2011) .
[0095] A salt of Mazdutide can be formed between an acid and a basic group of Mazdutide, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of Mazdutide, such as a carboxyl functional group.
[0096] Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties include lowering the melting point to facilitate transmucosal administration and increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
[0097] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained from acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
[0098] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include basic addition salts such as those containing benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, t-butylamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, procaine, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, alkylamine, and zinc, when acidic functional groups, such as carboxylic acid or phenol are present. For example, see Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19thed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, Vol. 2, p. 1457, 1995; “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use” by Stahl and Wermuth, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002. Such salts can be prepared using the appropriate corresponding bases.
[0099] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by standard techniques. For example, the free-base form of a compound can be dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as an aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution containing the appropriate acid and then isolated by evaporating the solution. Thus, if the particular compound is a base, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.
[0100] Similarly, if the particular compound is an acid, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary) , an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the like. Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids, such as L-glycine, L-lysine, and L-arginine, ammonia, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as hydroxyethylpyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
[0101] It is also to be understood that Mazdutide can exist in unsolvated forms, solvated forms (e.g., hydrated forms) , and solid forms (e.g., crystal or polymorphic forms) , and the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such forms.
[0102] As used herein, the term “solvate” or “solvated form” refers to solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water, the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H2O. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.
[0103] As used herein, the terms “crystal form” , “crystalline form” , “polymorphic forms” and “polymorphs” can be used interchangeably, and mean crystal structures in which Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can crystallize in different crystal packing arrangements, all of which have the same elemental composition. Different crystal forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectral, melting points, density hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Crystal polymorphs of Mazdutide can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
[0104] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that Mazdutide may exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the present disclosure. The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. The presence and concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment Mazdutide is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether Mazdutide is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. By way of examples, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol, amide-imidic acid, lactam-lactim, imine-enamine isomerizations and annular forms where a proton can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system. Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons. Tautomers can be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate substitution. Mazdutide identified by name or structure as one particular tautomeric form are intended to include other tautomeric forms unless otherwise specified.
[0105] Synthesis of Mazdutide provided herein, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are provided in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of WO 2016 / 209707, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Preparation of the compounds provided herein may also be found in WO2021252829A1 and WO2023196765A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Mazdutide provided herein may also be prepared using any known organic synthesis techniques and can be synthesized according to any possible synthetic routes.
[0106] In some embodiments, the method provided herein comprises administering a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition) comprising Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more additional medicinal agents, pharmaceutical agents, adjuvants, carriers, excipients, and the like. Suitable medicinal and pharmaceutical agents include those described herein. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition includes a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or adjuvant and at least one compound as described herein. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, talcum, cellulose, sodium croscarmellose, glucose, gelatin, sucrose, and magnesium carbonate.
[0107] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions include solid, semi-solid, liquid and aerosol dosage forms, such as tablet, capsule, powder, liquid, suspension, suppository, and aerosol forms. The pharmaceutical composition may be administered in sustained or controlled release dosage forms (e.g., controlled / sustained release pill, depot injection, osmotic pump, or transdermal (including electrotransport patch forms) for prolonged timed, and / or pulsed administration at a predetermined rate. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of a precise dose.
[0108] Liquid pharmaceutically administrable compositions can, for example, be prepared by dissolving, dispersing or suspending etc. a compound or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and optional pharmaceutical additives in a carrier (e.g., water, saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, glycols, ethanol or the like) to form a solution or suspension. Injectables can be prepared in conventional forms, either as liquid solutions or suspensions, as emulsions, or in solid forms suitable for dissolution or suspension in liquid prior to injection. The percentage of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof contained in such parenteral compositions depends, for example, on the physical nature of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the activity of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the needs of the subject (e.g., human) .
[0109] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation (e.g., a liquid formulation) comprising tromethamine (e.g., 0.5-5 mg / mL tromethamine) , a stabilizer, a chelating agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises one or more of mannitol, propylene glycol, arginine, arginine hydrochloride, histidine and histidine hydrochloride. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises mannitol and propylene glycol (e.g., at a concentration of 0.1-100 mg / mL) . In some embodiments, the chelating agent comprises edetate disodium (e.g., 0.01-5 mg / mL edetate disodium) . In some embodiments, the solvent comprises water.
[0110] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1-3 mg / mL tromethamine, 10-66 mg / mL stabilizer, 0.03-1 mg / mL chelating agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20-46 mg / mL stabilizer, 0.05-0.5 mg / mL chelating agent and a solvent.
[0111] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 46 mg / mL mannitol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0112] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20 mg / mL propylene glycol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0113] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0114] In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises a surfactant. In some embodiments, the surfactant is tween 80.
[0115] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises Mazdutide, and the concentration of Mazdutide is about at a concentration of about 1-100 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 3-50 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 6-20 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 15-20 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 3mg / ml, 4mg / ml, 6 mg / ml, 8.37 mg / ml, 12 mg / ml, 15 mg / ml, 18 mg / ml or 20 mg / ml. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 18 mg / mL.
[0116] In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7-9. In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7.5-8.5. In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0117] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8.37 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 46 mg / mL mannitol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0118] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8.37 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20 mg / mL propylene glycol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0119] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 3 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0120] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 4 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0121] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0122] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 6 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0123] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 12 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0124] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 15 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0125] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 18 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0126] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 20 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0127] In some embodiments, Mazdutide and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions to be used in methods disclosed herein. Exemplary pharmaceutical compositions or formulations are described in, e.g., WO2022228498A1 and WO2022140373A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Mazdutide and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be present at various concentrations. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein comprise Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at 1-100 mg / mL (e.g., 1 mg / ml, 2 mg / ml, 3 mg / ml, 4 mg / ml, 5 mg / ml, 6 mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, 9 mg / ml, 10 mg / ml, 12 mg / ml, 14 mg / ml, 15 mg / ml, 16 mg / ml, 18 mg / ml, 20 mg / ml, 30 mg / ml, 40 mg / ml, 50 mg / ml, 60 mg / ml, 70 mg / ml, 80 mg / ml, 90 mg / ml, or 100 mg / ml) .
[0128] Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that can be included in compositions to be used in methods provided herein include any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible. In some embodiments, the carrier is suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, parenteral, spinal or epidermal administration (e.g., by injection or infusion) .
[0129] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol (for injection) , disodium edetate, diluted hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and water for injection.
[0130] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a pharmaceutical composition having Mazdutide and pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein that is suitable for local administration. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are suited for subcutaneous administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are suitable for systemic administration. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are suitable for intravenous administration.
[0131] In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is stored in pre-filled injection pens. The injectable formulation includes Mazdutide and tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol (for injection) , disodium edetate, dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and water for injection as excipients. In some embodiments, Mazdutide is provided in the following dosage forms: 0.5 ml: 3 mg, 0.5 ml: 6 mg, and 0.5 ml: 9 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide is provided in the following dosage forms: 0.5 ml: 2 mg, 0.5 ml: 4 mg, and 0.5 ml: 6 mg.
[0132] Pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be delivered subcutaneously with a standard needle and syringe. In addition, with respect to subcutaneous delivery, a pen delivery device readily has applications in delivering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Such a pen delivery device can be reusable or disposable. A reusable pen delivery device generally utilizes a replaceable cartridge that contains a pharmaceutical composition. Once all of the pharmaceutical composition within the cartridge has been administered and the cartridge is empty, the empty cartridge can readily be discarded and replaced with a new cartridge that contains the pharmaceutical composition. The pen delivery device can then be reused. In a disposable pen delivery device, there is no replaceable cartridge. Rather, the disposable pen delivery device comes prefilled with the pharmaceutical composition held in a reservoir within the device. Once the reservoir is emptied of the pharmaceutical composition, the entire device is discarded.
[0133] Methods Of Treatment
[0134] Provided herein are methods of reducing glucose in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of treating T2D in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0135] The pharmaceutical compositions provided herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered to a subject by any methods known in the art. In some embodiments, subcutaneous administration is adopted. In some embodiments, intravenous administration is adopted.
[0136] The term “maintenance dose, ” as used herein, refers to the ongoing, regular, or recurrent dosage of a medication or treatment that is administered over an extended period to achieve or maintain a desired therapeutic effect. Maintenance doses can be administered after an initial course of treatment or induction phase has been completed. Maintenance doses can often be used for chronic conditions or to prevent the recurrence of a medical condition. In some embodiment, maintenance doses can be administered for a period of at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, at least 52 weeks, at least 56 weeks, or at least 60 weeks. The maintenance dose can be adjusted over time based on the patient’s response to treatment, changes in their health status, or other factors. Thus, in some embodiments, the maintenance dose received by a subject can be adjusted to a higher maintenance dose, or a lower maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens disclosed herein comprise administration of a first maintenance dose for at least four weeks and then a higher second maintenance dose for at least about four weeks. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens disclosed herein comprise administration of a first maintenance dose for at least four weeks and then a lower second maintenance dose for at least about four weeks. The second maintenance dose can be further adjusted as necessary and appropriate.
[0137] In some embodiments, the maintenance dose used in methods disclosed herein can be about 4.0 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 4.5 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 5.0 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 5.5 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 6.0 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 6.5 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 7.0 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 7.5 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 8.0 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 8.5 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 9.0 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 9.5 mg. The maintenance dose can be about 10.0 mg.
[0138] In some embodiments, provided herein are dosing regimens that include an escalation dose and a maintenance dose. As used herein, the term “escalation dose” as used herein refers to a temporary dose that is usually lower than the maintenance dose and administered earlier than the maintenance dose. Escalation doses are typically used as the initial or starting dose of the medication, which in itself may be insufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic effect but helps minimizing potential side effects or adverse reactions of the treatment. Escalation doses are typically administered gradually, with incremental increases in the medication dosage over a predetermined period. This approach allows the patient’s body to adjust to the higher dose and helps minimize the risk of adverse reactions. Accordingly, in some embodiments, dosing regimens provided herein include administering an escalation dose before administering the maintenance dose. In some embodiments, dosing regimens provided herein include administering sequentially a first escalation dose, a second escalation dose, and a maintenance dose, wherein the second escalation dose is higher than the first escalation dose and lower than the maintenance dose. In some embodiments, dosing regimens provided herein include administering sequentially a first escalation dose, a second escalation dose, a third escalation dose, and a maintenance dose, wherein the third escalation dose is higher than the second escalation dose and lower than the maintenance dose, and wherein the second escalation dose is higher than the first escalation dose and lower than the third escalation dose.
[0139] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed herein that comprise at least two escalation doses, the difference between each two consecutive doses can be the same or different. For example, in some embodiments, the dosage regimens provided herein comprise a first escalation dose, a second escalation dose, and a maintenance dose, wherein the three doses are equally spaced. For illustrative purposes, the dosage regimens can comprise, e.g., 3.0 mg as the first escalation dose, 6.0 mg as the second escalation dose, and 9.0 mg as the maintenance dose. The dosage regimens provided herein can comprise a third escalation dose, and optionally a four escalation, and so on, before reaching the maintenance dose, and all these doses can be equally spaced. For illustrative purposes, the dosage regimens can comprise, e.g., 2.0 mg as the first escalation dose, 4.0 mg as the second escalation dose, 6.0 mg as the third escalation dose, and 8.0 mg as the maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the doses of the treatment regimen are not equally spaced. For example, in the methods provided herein comprise a first escalation dose, a second escalation dose, and a maintenance dose, the difference between the first and second escalation dosed can be either smaller or larger than the difference between the second escalation dose and the maintenance dose. For illustrative purposes, the dosage regimens can comprise, e.g., 3.0 mg as the first escalation dose, 6.0 mg as the second escalation dose, and 8.0 mg as the maintenance dose. For illustrative purposes, the dosage regimens can comprise, e.g., 3.0 mg as the first escalation dose, 6.0 mg as the second escalation dose, and 10.0 mg as the maintenance dose.
[0140] In some embodiments of the treatment regiments provided herein, the escalation dose (s) is(are) administered for about four weeks. Additionally, it is understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that the period can be adjusted as appropriate, for example, between one week and eight weeks. In some embodiments, the subject to be treated with the methods disclosed herein does not need escalation dose before receiving the maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the subject to be treated with the methods disclosed herein receives an escalation dose for two weeks. In some embodiments, the subject to be treated with the methods disclosed herein receives an escalation dose for three weeks. The subject can receive an escalation dose for four weeks. The subject can receive an escalation dose for five weeks. The subject can receive an escalation dose for six weeks. The subject can receive an escalation dose for seven weeks. The subject can receive an escalation dose for eight weeks. In some embodiments, the subject to be treated with the methods disclosed herein receives two escalation doses. The two escalation doses can be administered for the same length of time (e.g., four weeks) . The two escalation doses can also be administered for different lengths of time. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose can be administered for four weeks, and the second escalation dose can be administered for six weeks. It is understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that the specifics of the escalation doses, e.g., the dose and the length of each escalation dose of the dosage regimens provided herein can be adjusted as appropriate such that the subject to be treated by the methods disclosed herein receives the maintenance dose with minimum risk for possible adverse effect and maximum potential for achieving the therapeutic goal.
[0141] Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes
[0142] Provided herein are methods of reducing glucose in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in reducing glucose. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of medicament for reducing glucose.
[0143] Provided herein are methods of improving glycemic control in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in improving glycemic control. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of medicament for improving glycemic control.
[0144] In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in treating T2D. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of medicament for treating T2D.
[0145] Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. In T2D, the combined effects of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance are associated with elevated blood glucose levels. The 1999 WHO Standard (Supplemented Version) provides the following diagnostic criteria for T2D:
[0146] Note: *Can be replaced with fasting serum glucose if this test is not available. OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
[0147] As known in the art, typical symptoms of diabetes mellitus include excessive thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, overeating and unexplained weight loss. Random glucose level refers to the blood glucose at any time of the day regardless of the time of the last meal. Random glucose level cannot be used to diagnose impaired fasting glucose or abnormal glucose tolerance. “Fasting” status means that the subjects have not had any calorie for at least 8 hours.
[0148] As understood in the art, “HbA1c” refers to glycated hemoglobin levels, which develop when hemoglobin joins with glucose in the blood. HbA1c levels are a commonly used measure of glycemic control in patients with diabetes, with decreased HbA1c levels generally indicating improved glycemic control. HbA1c is also considered a key marker of glycemic control in diabetology. HbA1c less than or equal to 5.7%is considered normal glycemia. T2D treatment goals for HbA1c can vary by patient; however, persistently inadequate control of HbA1c contributes disproportionately to the development of complications associated with diabetes. Patients with T2D often fail to achieve normal glycemia despite standard treatment. Despite not being within normal range, HbA1c of less than or equal to 7%is considered a reasonable treatment goal following current treatment options of diet, exercise, metformin, and oral diabetes treatments. As used herein, “HbA1c goal” means the desired average HbA1c level to be achieved by the patient, as determined by the patient’s clinical treatment plan, and as measured using clinically accepted methods. In some embodiments, the HbA1c goal is 7%or less. In some embodiments, the HbA1c goal is 6.5%or less. In some embodiments, the HbA1c goal is 6.0%or less. In some embodiments, the HbA1c goal is 5.9%or less. In some embodiments, the HbA1c goal is 5.7%or less. As used herein and understood in the art, “glycemic control” refers to interventions aimed at the maintenance or reduction of a subject’s HbA1c levels to achieve the HbA1c goal. “Inadequate” glycemic control means failure to achieve the HbA1c goal; and “improving” glycemic control or “improved” glycemic control refers to reductions in HbA1c and progress in achieving the HbA1c goal. Methods disclosed herein result in a decrease in HbA1c and improved glycemic control.
[0149] However, many patients still fail to reach their HbA1c goals despite clinical treatment and are considered to have refractory T2D. There is an urgent unmet need for a treatment method providing normal, or near normal glycemia, in a patient with refractory T2D. As used herein and understood in the art, a patient has “refractory T2D” means that the T2D patient is unable to achieve the HbA1c goal using diet, exercise, metformin, and oral diabetes treatments. In some embodiments, the patient fails to reach HbA1c of 7%or less after the aforementioned treatment. In some embodiments, the patient has HbA1c of at least 7.5%after the aforementioned treatment. Refractory T2D is generally explained by an insulin secretory defect, or beta cell damage, becoming more and more profound with time, against a background of (relatively stable) insulin resistance. Patients living with T2D for at least 8 years are more is likely to suffer from refractory T2D. In some embodiments, the patient has been treated with metformin (e.g., ≥ 1500 mg / day) for an extended period, e.g., at least two months. In some embodiments, the patient has been treated with metformin (e.g., ≥ 1500 mg / day) combined with an SGLT2 inhibitor at a dosage that is at least its minimum maintenance dose for an extended period, e.g., at least two months. For illustrative purposes, the SGLT inhibitor treatment can include: empagliflozin (e.g., 10 mg / day) , dapagliflozin (e.g., 5 mg / day) , canagliflozin (e.g., 100 mg / day) , henagliflozin (e.g., 5 mg / day) , or ertugliflozin (e.g., 5 mg / day) , or any combination thereof, for an extended period, e.g., at least two months. In some embodiments, the patient has been treated with metformin (e.g., ≥ 1500 mg / day) combined with daily sulfonylureas at a dosage that is at least half of the maximum dose indicated on the drug information sheet for an extended period, e.g., at least two months.
[0150] Provided herein are methods of reducing blood glucose in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of improving glycemic control in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of treating T2D in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The subject can be a human. The subject can have T2D of various severity. In some embodiments, the subject is in need of glucose reduction. In some embodiments, the subject has inadequate control of blood glucose. In some embodiments, the subject is overweight or obese. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D. In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old.
[0151] In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least one month, at least two months, at least three months, at least four months, at least five months, at least six months, at least seven months, at least eight months, at least nine months, at least ten months, at least eleven months, at least twelve months, at least two years, at least three years, at least four years, at least five years, at least six years, at least seven years, at least eight years, at least nine years, or at least ten years. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least one month. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least two months. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least three months. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least six months. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least nine months. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least one year. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least two years. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least three years. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least five years. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least eight years. The diagnosis can be made according to the 1999 WHO standard.
[0152] In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c of at least 7.0%, at least 7.5%, at least 8.0%, at least 8.5%, at least 9.0%, at least 9.5%, at least 10%, at least 10.5%, or at least 11.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of at least 7.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of at least 7.5%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of at least 8.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of at least 8.5%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of at least 9.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of at least 9.5%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of at least 10.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of at least 10.5%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of at least 11.0%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c of about 7.0%, about 7.5%, about 8.0%, about 8.5%, about 9.0%, about 9.5%, about 10%, about 10.5%, or about 11.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of about 7.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of about 7.5%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of about 8.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of about 8.5%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of about 9.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of about 9.5%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of about 10.0%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of about 10.5%. The subject in need of treatment can have HbA1c of about 11.0%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.0%-11.0%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.5%-11.0%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.0%-10.5%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.5%-10.5%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.0%-8.5%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.5%-8.5%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 8.5%-10.5%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 8.5%-11.0%.
[0153] In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment is overweight. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has BMI of at least 22 kg / m2, at least 23 kg / m2, at least 24 kg / m2, at least 25 kg / m2, at least 26 kg / m2, at least 27 kg / m2, at least 28 kg / m2, at least 29 kg / m2, at least 30 kg / m2, at least 31 kg / m2, or at least 32 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 22 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 23 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 24 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 25 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 26 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 27 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 29 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 30 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 31 kg / m2. The subject in need of treatment can have BMI of at least 32 kg / m2.
[0154] In some embodiments, the subject to be administered Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has previously undergone lifestyle intervention. In some embodiments, the lifestyle intervention has lasted at least one month, at least two months, at least three months, at least four months, at least five months, at least six months, at least seven months, at least eight months, at least nine months, at least ten months, at least eleven months, or at least twelve months. In some embodiments, the lifestyle intervention has lasted at least two months. In some embodiments, the lifestyle intervention has lasted at least three months. In some embodiments, the lifestyle intervention has lasted at least six months. The lifestyle intervention can be diet, exercise, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with lifestyle intervention (i.e., diet and exercise) . In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with lifestyle adjustment (i.e., diet and exercise) for an extended period (e.g., at least two months) .
[0155] In some embodiments, the subject to be administered Mazdutide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has previously been administered at least one therapeutic agent or therapy for the treatment of T2D. The therapeutic agent for T2D can be metformin, an SGLT inhibitor, or sulfonylurea, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the subject has previously been administered metformin. In some embodiments, the subject has been administered metformin at a dose of at least 1500 mg / day. In some embodiments, the subject has previously been administered an SGLT inhibitor. In some embodiments, the subject has been administered metformin at a dose of at least 1500 mg / day. The SGLT inhibitor can be, for example, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, henagliflozin, or ertugliflozin, or any combination thereof. Empagliflozin can be administered at a dose of about 10 mg / day. Dapagliflozin can be administered at a dose of about 5 mg / day. Canagliflozin can be administered at a dose of about 100 mg / day. Henagliflozin can be administered at a dose of about 5 mg / day. Ertugliflozin can be administered at a dose of about 5 mg / day. In some embodiments, the subject has previously been administered sulfonylurea. Sulfonylurea can be administered at a dose that is at least half of the maximum dose indicated on the drug information sheet. In some embodiments, the subject has been administered metformin (e.g., at least 1500 mg / day) . In some embodiments, the subject has been administered metformin (e.g., at least 1500 mg / day) and an SGLT inhibitor, wherein the SGLT inhibitor is empagliflozin (e.g., 10 mg / day) , dapagliflozin (e.g., 5 mg / day) , canagliflozin (e.g., 100 mg / day) , henagliflozin (e.g., 5 mg / day) , or ertugliflozin (e.g., 5 mg / day) . In some embodiments, the subject has been administered metformin (e.g., at least 1500 mg / day) and sulfonylurea (e.g., at a dose that is at least half of the maximum dose indicated on the drug information sheet) .
[0156] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent or therapy for the treatment of T2D has been administered to the subject for an extended period, for example, at least one month, at least two months, at least three months, at least four months, at least five months, at least six months, at least seven months, at least eight months, at least nine months, at least ten months, at least eleven months, or at least twelve months. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent or therapy for the treatment of T2D has been administered to the subject for at least two months. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent or therapy for the treatment of T2D has been administered to the subject for at least three months. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent or therapy for the treatment of T2D has been administered to the subject for at least six months. In some embodiments, the subject has refractory T2D. In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with such treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with such treatment for an extended period, e.g., at least two months.
[0157] It is expressly contemplated herein that the subjects to be treated with methods disclosed can have any combination or permutation of the above-mentioned criteria. For exemplary purposes, in some embodiments, subjects to be treated with methods disclosed herein (1) have been diagnosed with T2D for at least 2 months according to the 1999 WHO criteria; (2) age ≥ 18 years; (3) have inadequate glycemic control by diet and exercise for 2 months (7.5%≤ HbA1c≤ 10.5%) ; and (4) have BMI ≥ 23 kg / m2. In some embodiments, subjects to be treated with methods disclosed herein (1) have been diagnosed with T2D according to the 1999 WHO criteria; (2) age ≥ 18 years; (3) have inadequate glycemic control with treatment with metformin (≥ 1500 mg / day) , metformin (≥ 1500 mg / day) combined with SGLT2 inhibitors (minimum maintenance dose: empagliflozin 10 mg / day, dapagliflozin 5 mg / day, canagliflozin 100 mg / day, henagliflozin 5 mg / day, ertugliflozin 5 mg / day) , or metformin (≥ 1500 mg / day) combined with daily sulfonylureas (at least half of the maximum dose indicated on the drug information sheet) for 2 months (7.5%≤ HbA1c ≤ 11.0%) and (4) BMI ≥ 23 kg / m2.
[0158] The amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered to a subject according to the methods disclosed herein is, generally, a therapeutically effective amount. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided herein reduce glucose in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided herein improve glycemic control in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided herein treat T2D in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided herein treat refractory T2D in a subject in need thereof.
[0159] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof once weekly. Provided herein are dosing regimens that include administering at least one escalation dose about once weekly for about four weeks and thereafter at least one maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. In some embodiment, the maintenance doses can be administered for about four weeks. In certain embodiments, the maintenance doses can be administered for more than about four weeks as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. In some embodiments, a maintenance dose can be increased to a higher maintenance dose if further glycemic control is needed. For example, in one dosing regimen, the escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg; the maintenance dose can be further increased to about 6.0 mg. In another dosing regimen, the escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose can be further increased to about 9.0 mg.
[0160] As such, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the following dosage regimen: an escalation dose once weekly for about four weeks and thereafter a maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. The escalation dose can be administered for shorter or longer than about four weeks, as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 2.5 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 5.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 8.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 8.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 4.5 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 5.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg.
[0161] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the following dosage regimen: a first escalation dose once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose about once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. The first and second escalation doses can independently be administered for shorter or longer than about four weeks, as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. For example, in some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 4.5 mg.In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 5.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 5.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 7.5 mg.
[0162] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the following dosage regimen: a first escalation dose once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. The first, second and third escalation doses can independently be administered for shorter or longer than about four weeks, as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 4.5 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 8.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 5.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 7.5 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 9.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg.
[0163] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the following dosage regimen: a first escalation dose once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, thereafter a fourth escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. The first, second, third and fourth escalation doses can independently be administered for shorter or longer than about four weeks, as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 4.5 mg, the fourth escalation dose is 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 7.5 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 4.5 mg, the fourth escalation dose is 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, the fourth escalation dose is about 8.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg.
[0164] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater glycemic control is desired.
[0165] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.5 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 1.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter the maintenance dose of about 4.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 4.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 4.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater glycemic control is desired.
[0166] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 5.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 2.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater glycemic control is desired.
[0167] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater glycemic control is desired.
[0168] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 2.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater glycemic control is desired.
[0169] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 8.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt to a subject in need thereof an escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 8.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt to a subject in need thereof an escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 8.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt to a subject in need thereof thereafter a maintenance dose of about 8.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater glycemic control is desired.
[0170] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 4.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater glycemic control is desired.
[0171] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a fourth escalation dose of about 8.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 2.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater glycemic control is desired.
[0172] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing glucose, methods of improving glycemic control, and methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg, about 4.5 mg, about 5.0 mg, about 5.5 mg, about 6.0 mg, about 6.5 mg, about 7.0 mg, about 7.5 mg, about 8.0 mg, about 8.5 mg, about 9.0 mg, about 9.5 mg, or about 10.0 mg. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered about once weekly for at least four weeks, at least eight weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, at least 52 weeks, at least 56 weeks, or at least 60 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least eight weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 12 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 16 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 20 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 24 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 36 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 48 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 60 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered about once weekly for about four weeks, about eight weeks, about 12 weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks, about 48 weeks, about 52 weeks, about 56 weeks, or about 60 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about four weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about eight weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 12 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 16 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 20 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 24 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 36 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 48 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 60 weeks.
[0173] It is expressly contemplated herein that methods disclosed can adopt any combination or permutation of the above-mentioned dosage regimens. For exemplary purposes, in some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating T2D in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an escalating dosage of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the methods further comprising administering the maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for 24 more weeks. In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating T2D in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an escalating dosage of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about 24 weeks. In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating T2D in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an escalating dosage of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the methods further comprising administering the maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for 24 more weeks. In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating T2D in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an escalating dosage of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the subject has at least one failed attempt at glycemic control by lifestyle intervention (i.e., diet and exercise) . In some embodiments, the subject has refractory T2D.
[0174] Provided herein are methods of reducing blood glucose in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of improving glycemic control in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of treating T2D (e.g., refractory T2D) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0175] In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein induce clinical remission of T2D. In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein maintain clinical remission of T2D. In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein induce and maintain clinical remission of T2D. As used herein, clinical remission of T2D means that a patient, using Mazdutide for the treatment of T2D reaches their glycemic goal. The Mazdutide treatment can prevent, reduce the severity of, or induce remission of diabetes in such patient. In some embodiments, Mazdutide treatment slows the progression of diabetes in a patient in need of such treatment. In some embodiments, a patient using Mazdutide for treatment of diabetes, reaches their glycemic goal, and requires no concomitant diabetes medicine to maintain the glycemic control goal. In some embodiments, a patient using Mazdutide in the treatment of diabetes reaches at least their glycemic goal, and the treatment goal is maintained with cessation of treatment using Mazdutide and all other diabetes medication. In some embodiments, a patient using Mazdutide in the treatment of diabetes reaches at least their glycemic goal, and the treatment goal is maintained for at least a about a month with cessation of treatment using Mazdutide and all other diabetes medications. In an embodiment, a patient using Mazdutide in the treatment of diabetes reaches at least their glycemic goal, and the treatment goal is maintained for at least about six months with cessation of treatment using Mazdutide and all other diabetes medications. In some embodiments, the patient is unable to reach their glycemic goal prior to Mazdutide treatment. In some embodiments, the patient has failed to reach their glycemic goal using oral diabetes medication. In an embodiment, the patient has failed to reach their glycemic goal using metformin treatment. In an embodiment, the patient glycemic goal is less than about 7.0% HbA1c. In an embodiment, the patient glycemic goal is less than about 5.9%HbA1c.
[0176] In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein reduce a sign and / or symptom of T2D, such as HbA1c level. In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein induce and / or maintain clinical response, such as glycemic control. In some embodiments, methods provided herein effectively reduce HbA1c in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein achieve HbA1c goal. The HbA1c goal can be less than 7%. The HbA1c goal can also be less than 5.7%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein effectively result in weight loss in the treated subject. The weight loss can be, for example, at least 5%from baseline. In some embodiments, methods provided herein both achieve the HbAc1 goal and result in weight loss (e.g., at least 5%from baseline) in the treated subject.
[0177] In some embodiments, the methods of treatment described herein further comprise methods of improving lipid profile, treating hyperlipidemia or alleviating the blood triglyceride (TG) level, the blood total cholesterol (TC) level, or the blood LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) level in a human subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly, wherein the subject has Type 2 diabetes and one or more of a) hyperlipidemia, b) a baseline blood triglyceride level of at least about 1.7 mmol / L, c) a baseline total cholesterol level of at least about 5.2 mmol / L, and d) a baseline LDL cholesterol level of at least 3.4 mmol / L.
[0178] In some embodiments, the therapeutic effect is observed in four weeks or less, five weeks or less, six weeks or less, seven weeks or less, eight weeks or less, ten weeks or less, twelve weeks or less, 16 weeks or less, 20 weeks or less, 24 weeks or less, 28 weeks or less, 32 weeks or less, 36 weeks or less, 40 weeks or less, 44 weeks or less, 48 weeks or less, 52 weeks or less, 60 weeks or less of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the therapeutic effect is observed in about four weeks, about five weeks, about six weeks, about seven weeks, about eight weeks, about ten weeks, about twelve weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks about 48 weeks, about 52 weeks, or about 60 weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, initiating treatment refers to the first dosing of the maintenance dose of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
[0179] In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c by at least 0.3%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.6%, at least 0.7%, at least 0.8%, at least 0.9%, at least 1.0%, at least 1.1%, at least 1.2%, at least 1.3%, at least 1.4%, at least 1.5%, at least 1.6%, at least 1.7%, at least 1.8%, at least 1.9%, at least 2.0%, at least 2.1%, at least 2.2%, at least 2.3%, at least 2.4%, or at least 2.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 0.4%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 0.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.0%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.2%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.6%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.7%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.8%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.9%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 2.0%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 2.2%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 2.5%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c in the treated subject.
[0180] In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c by about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1.0%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2.0%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, or about 2.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 0.4%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 0.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.0%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.2%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.6%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.7%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.8%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.9%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 2.0%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 2.2%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 2.5%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c in the treated subject.
[0181] In some embodiments, methods provided herein achieve HbA1c goal in the treated subject. Accordingly, in some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c to less than 7%in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c to 6.5%or less. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c to less than 5.7%. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 4 or less, 8 or less, 12 or less, 16 or less, 20 or less, 24 or less, 28 or less, 32 or less, 36 or less, 40 or less, 44 or less, 48 or less, 52 or less weeks, or 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 16 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 20 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 24 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 40 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 44 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 48 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, initiating treatment refers to the first dosing of the maintenance dose of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
[0182] In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein result in weight loss of at least 5%, at least 8%, at least 10%, or at least 12%, at least 15%, at least 18%, or at least 20%in the treated subject. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by at least 5%. Methods provided herein can reduce Body weight by at least 8%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by at least 10%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by at least 12%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by at least 15%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by at least 18%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by at least 20%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein result in weight loss of about 5%, about 8%, about 10%, or about 12%, about 15%, about 18%, or about 20%in the treated subject. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by about 5%. Methods provided herein can reduce Body weight by about 8%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by about 10%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by about 12%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by about 15%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by about 18%. Methods provided herein can reduce body weight by about 20%.
[0183] In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss. In some embodiments, the at least 5%weight loss is achieved in 4 or less, 8 or less, 12 or less, 16 or less, 20 or less, 24 or less, 28 or less, 32 or less, 36 or less, 40 or less, 44 or less, 48 or less, 52 or less weeks, or 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 16 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 20 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 24 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 40 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 44 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 48 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, initiating treatment refers to the first dosing of the maintenance dose of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
[0184] In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve both the HbA1c goal and at least 5%weight loss.
[0185] In addition to weight control and glycemic control, methods provided herein can provide additional benefits for the treated subjects. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have reduced glucose levels. For example, in some embodiments, the subjects have reduced FPG. In some embodiments, the subject has reduction in blood glucose measured by seven-point finger blood glucose. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved short-term glycemic control. In some embodiments, the subject has increased serum 1, 5-AG. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have weight loss measurable by waist circumference or body-mass index (BMI) . In some embodiments, the subject has reduced waist circumference. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced body-mass index (BMI) . In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved cardiovascular function. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved lipid metabolism. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced blood lipids (e.g., TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG) . In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved gout metabolism. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced UA level. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved liver function. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced ALT and AST. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved kidney function. In some embodiments, the subject has reduction in UACR. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved pancreatic function. In some embodiments, the subject has improvement in islet beta function (HOMA2-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) . In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved life quality. In some embodiments, the subject has improvement in score on PRO questionnaire: DTSQ score; EQ-5D-5L.
[0186] In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have a therapeutic benefit including: (1) reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline; (2) increased serum 1, 5-anhydroglucitol (1, 5-AG) ; (3) reduction in blood glucose (e.g., seven-point finger blood glucose) ; (4) reduction in waist circumference; (5) reduction in body-mass index (BMI) ; (6) reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure; (9) reduction in blood lipids (e.g., total cholesterol (TC) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , triglyceride (TG) ] ) ; (10) reduction in uric acid (UA) level; (11) reduction in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ; (12) reduction in urinary albumin / creatinine ratio (UACR) from baseline; (13) improvement in score on patient report outcome (PRO) questionnaire: Diabetes Therapy Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) score; European Five Dimensional Health Scale (EQ-5D-5L) ; (14) improvement in islet beta function (HOMA2-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) from baseline; or any combination of the above (1) - (14) . In some embodiments, these therapeutic benefits can be achieved in 4 or less, 8 or less, 12 or less, 16 or less, 20 or less, 24 or less, 28 or less, 32 or less, 36 or less, 40 or less, 44 or less, 48 or less, 52 or less weeks, or 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment.
[0187] In some embodiments, methods provided herein further comprise monitoring for adverse events during the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and optionally, interrupting or terminating the administration. As used herein and understood in the art, “adverse event” or “AE” is an untoward medical occurrence that occurs in the subject during a particular treatment, whether or not causally related to the treatment. AEs include, but are not limited to, the following: exacerbation of a pre-existing medical condition / disease (including exacerbation of symptoms, signs, or abnormal laboratory tests) ; occurrence of any new adverse medical condition (including symptoms, signs, or newly diagnosed disease) ; any abnormal laboratory test value or result that has significant clinical significance.
[0188] In some embodiments, methods provided herein further comprise monitoring vital signs (including blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and body temperature) and / or physical examination during the administration, or monitoring hematology and serum chemistry during the treatment cycle. In some embodiments, heart rate or heart signal is monitored. In some embodiment, heart rate or heart signal is monitored by electrocardiogram.
[0189] In some embodiments, methods provided herein result in none of the following adverse events: severe gastrointestinal reactions (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) , hypoglycemic events, acute pancreatitis, thyroid malignancy and thyroid C-cell hyperplasia, major cardiovascular adverse events, supraventricular tachycardia and conduction block, anaphylaxis and injection site reactions, diabetic retinopathy complications, acute kidney injury, and acute gallbladder disease.
[0190] As used herein and understood in the art, a “hypoglycemic event” refers to an occurrence of 1-hour continuous glucose levels of 3.9 mmol / L. Hypoglycemic grading criteria are:
[0191] · Grade 1 hypoglycemic: 54 mg / dL (3.0 mmol / L) ≤ glucose < 70 mg / dL (3.9 mmol / L)
[0192] · Grade 2 hypoglycemic: glucose < 54 mg / dL (3.0 mmol / L)
[0193] · Grade 3 hypoglycemic (severe hypoglycemic) : The subject requires assistance from others to obtain carbohydrates, glucagon, or other rescue measures. During this period, the patient experiences changes in consciousness, is unable to self-administer the aforementioned recovery treatments, may be unconscious or semi-conscious, or may fall into a coma (regardless of whether accompanied by symptoms of seizures) and require intravenous nutritional support. In such events, blood glucose measurements may not be recorded. Because neurological symptoms recover as the blood glucose returns to normal, it is clear that such events were caused by hypoglycemia.
[0194] In some embodiments, methods provided herein result do not cause a Grade 3 hypoglycemic event (e.g. in a plurality of human subjects treated) . In some embodiments, methods provided herein result do not cause a Grade 2 or Grade 3 hypoglycemic event. In some embodiments, methods provided herein do not cause more than any of 5.5%, 5%, 4.5, 4%or 3.8%level 1 mild hypoglycemia in a plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, methods provided herein do not cause more than any of 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%level 1 mild hypoglycemia (Grade 1 hypoglycemia) in a plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, methods provided herein do not cause more than any of more than 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia in a plurality of human subjects. In some embodiments, methods provided herein do not cause more than any of 1%. 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia in a plurality of human subjects in a plurality of human subjects.
[0195] Treatment Of Overweight And Obesity
[0196] Mazdutide or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can also be used in promoting weight loss. Overweight and obesity can disrupt the body’s normal metabolic processes and contribute to the development of various metabolic conditions, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc. Overweight and obesity can also result in musculoskeletal disorders. Methods provided herein can treat overweight and obesity and address various metabolic and musculoskeletal conditions and disorders that the subject might suffer secondary to the weight issue.
[0197] Provided herein are methods of reducing body weight in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in reducing body weight. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of medicament for reducing body weight.
[0198] Provided herein are methods of treating overweight in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in treating overweight. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of medicament for treating overweight.
[0199] In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in treating obesity. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses of compositions described herein comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of medicament for treating obesity.
[0200] In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of using Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in reducing body weight in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, methods provided herein are for chronic weight management in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, methods provided here are for treatment of overweight in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, methods provided herein are for treatment of obesity in a subject in need thereof.
[0201] As used herein and understood in the art, “body mass index” or BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. The formula for calculation is BMI = weight (kilograms) / height2 (m2) . As used herein and understood in the art, an adult human having a BMI of about 24 kg / m2 or higher is considered “overweight” ; and an adult human having a BMI of about 28 kg / m2 or higher is considered “obese. ”
[0202] Provided herein are methods of reducing body weight in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of treating overweight in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of treating obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The subject can be a human. In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is in need of weight reduction. In some embodiments, the subject has inadequate weight control. In some embodiments, the subject is overweight. In some embodiments, the subject is obese. In some embodiments, the subject has at least one weight-related condition such as T2D, hypertension and / or dyslipidemia.
[0203] The subjects to be treated with methods disclosed herein can be overweight to different degrees. The subjects to be treated with methods disclosed herein can be obese to different degrees.
[0204] In some embodiments, the subject can be obese (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg / m2) . In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 28.0 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 28.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 29.0 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 29.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 30 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 30.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 31.0 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 31.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 32 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 32.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can be obese and one or more weight-related condition. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 33.0 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 33.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 34.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can be obese and one or more weight-related condition. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 35 kg / m2.
[0205] In some embodiments, the subject can be overweight (24.0 kg / m2 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg / m2) . In some embodiments, have BMI of at least about 24 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 26 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can have BMI of at least about 27 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject can be overweight and have one or more weight-related condition. In some embodiments, the weight-related condition can be prediabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, weight-bearing joint pain, dyspnea or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject has prediabetes. In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject has abnormal fasting glucose, abnormal glucose tolerance, or combination thereof. In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject has cardiovascular conditions. The overweight or obese subject can have hypertension. In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject has dyslipidemia. In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject has fatty liver disease. In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject has weight-bearing joint pain. In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject has dyspnea. In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject has obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
[0206] In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least one month, at least two months, at least three months, at least four months, at least five months, at least six months, at least seven months, at least eight months, at least nine months, at least ten months, at least eleven months, at least twelve months, at least two years, at least three years, at least four years, at least five years, at least six years, at least seven years, at least eight years, at least nine years, or at least ten years. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least one month. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least two months. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least three months. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least six months. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least nine months. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least one year. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least two years. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least three years. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least five years. In some embodiments, the subject has been overweight or obese for at least eight years.
[0207] In some embodiments, the subject to be administered Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has previously undergone lifestyle intervention. In some embodiments, the lifestyle invention has lasted at least one month, at least two months, at least three months, at least four months, at least five months, at least six months, at least seven months, at least eight months, at least nine months, at least ten months, at least eleven months, or at least twelve months. In some embodiments, the lifestyle invention has lasted at least two months. In some embodiments, the lifestyle invention has lasted at least three months. In some embodiments, the lifestyle invention has lasted at least six months. The lifestyle intervention can be diet, exercise, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at weight control with lifestyle intervention (i.e., diet and exercise) . In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at weight control with lifestyle adjustment (i.e., diet and exercise) for an extended period (e.g., at least two months) .
[0208] In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject to be treated with methods disclosed herein also has T2D. The standard for T2D diagnosis is known in the art and also described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least one month, at least two months, at least three months, at least four months, at least five months, at least six months, at least seven months, at least eight months, at least nine months, at least ten months, at least eleven months, at least twelve months, at least two years, at least three years, at least four years, at least five years, at least six years, at least seven years, at least eight years, at least nine years, or at least ten years. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with T2D for at least three months. The diagnosis can be made according to the 1999 WHO standard. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c of at least 7.0%, at least 7.5%, at least 8.0%, at least 8.5%, at least 9.0%, at least 9.5%, at least 10%, at least 10.5%, or at least 11.0%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c of about 7.0%, about 7.5%, about 8.0%, about 8.5%, about 9.0%, about 9.5%, about 10%, about 10.5%, or about 11.0%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.0%-11.0%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.5%-11.0%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.0%-10.5%. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has HbA1c ranging 7.5%-10.5%.
[0209] In some embodiments, the overweight or obese subject to be treated with methods disclosed herein also has refractory T2D. In some embodiments, the subject to be administered Mazdutide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has previously been administered at least one therapeutic agent or therapy for the treatment of T2D. In some embodiments, the subject has previously been administered one to three oral antidiabetic agents. The antidiabetic agent can be any antidiabetic agent known in the art. In some embodiments, the antidiabetic agent does not include GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP4 inhibitors or sulfonylureas. In some embodiments, the antidiabetic agent is insulin. In some embodiments, the antidiabetic agent is metformin. In some embodiments, the antidiabetic agent is an SGLT inhibitor. In some embodiments, the antidiabetic agent has been administered to the subject for an extended period, for example, at least one month, at least two months, at least three months, at least four months, at least five months, at least six months, at least seven months, at least eight months, at least nine months, at least ten months, at least eleven months, or at least twelve months. In some embodiments, the antidiabetic agent has been administered to the subject for at least two months. In some embodiments, the subject has refractory T2D. In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with such treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with such treatment for an extended period, e.g., at least two months.
[0210] It is expressly contemplated herein that the subjects to be treated with methods disclosed can have any combination or permutation of the above-mentioned criteria. For exemplary purposes, in some embodiments, subjects to be treated with methods disclosed herein are (1) age ≥ 18 years; (2) obese (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg / m2) ; or overweight (24.0 kg / m2 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg / m2) with at least one of the following symptoms: i. prediabetes (abnormal fasting glucose and / or abnormal glucose tolerance) , hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, or any combination thereof; ii. weight-bearing joint pain; and iii. dyspnea due to obesity or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In some embodiments, subjects to be treated with methods disclosed herein (1) age ≥ 18 years; (2) have BMI ≥ 30.0 kg / m2; (3) have had at least one failed attempt to lose weight by diet and / or exercise. In some embodiments, subjects to be treated with methods disclosed herein (1) age ≥ 18 years; (2) have BMI ≥ 30.0 kg / m2; (3) have at least one failed attempt to lose weight by diet and / or exercise; and (4) have T2D and (a) diagnosed with T2D for at least 3 months according to the 1999 WHO criteria; (b) having inadequate glycemic control after treatment with 1 ~ 3 oral antidiabetic agents (excluding GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP4 inhibitors and sulfonylureas) for at least 2 months (HbA1c 7.5%~ 10.0% (inclusive of both ends) and fasting glucose ≤ 11.1 mmol / L) .
[0211] The amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered to a subject according to the methods disclosed herein is, generally, a therapeutically effective amount. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided herein reduce body weight in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided herein improve weight management in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided herein treat overweight in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided herein treat overweight in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided herein treat obesity in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the subject has had at least one failed attempt to control weight by lifestyle intervention. In some embodiments, the subject also has at least one weight-related condition such as prediabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, weight-bearing joint pain, dyspnea due to obesity or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In some embodiments, the subject also has T2D. In some embodiments, the subject has refractory T2D.
[0212] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof once weekly. Provided herein are dosing regimens that include administering at least one escalation dose about once weekly for about four weeks and thereafter at least one maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. The maintenance doses can be administered for more than about four weeks as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. In some embodiments, a maintenance dose can be increased to a higher maintenance dose if further weight loss is needed. For example, in one dosing regimen, the escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg; the maintenance dose can be further increased to about 6.0 mg. In another dosing regimen, the escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose can be further increased to about 9.0 mg.
[0213] As such, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the following dosage regimen: an escalation dose once weekly for about four weeks and thereafter a maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. The escalation dose can be administered for shorter or longer than about four weeks, as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 2.5 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 5.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 8.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 8.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 4.5 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 5.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg. In some embodiments, the escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg.
[0214] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the following dosage regimen: a first escalation dose once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose about once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. The first and second escalation doses can independently be administered for shorter or longer than about four weeks, as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. For example, in some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 4.5 mg.In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 5.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 5.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 7.5 mg.
[0215] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the following dosage regimen: a first escalation dose once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. The first, second and third escalation doses can independently be administered for shorter or longer than about four weeks, as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 4.5 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 8.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 5.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 7.5 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 9.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg.
[0216] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the following dosage regimen: a first escalation dose once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, thereafter a fourth escalation dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose about once weekly for at least about four weeks. The first, second, third and fourth escalation doses can independently be administered for shorter or longer than about four weeks, as determined by the patient and / or health care provider. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 4.5 mg, the fourth escalation dose is 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 7.5 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 1.5 mg, the second escalation dose is about 3.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 4.5 mg, the fourth escalation dose is 6.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 9.0 mg. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is about 2.0 mg, the second escalation dose is about 4.0 mg, the third escalation dose is about 6.0 mg, the fourth escalation dose is about 8.0 mg, and the maintenance dose is about 10.0 mg.
[0217] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater weight loss is desired.
[0218] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.5 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 1.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter the maintenance dose of about 4.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 4.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 4.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater weight loss is desired.
[0219] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 5.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 2.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater weight loss is desired.
[0220] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater weight loss is desired.
[0221] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 2.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater weight loss is desired.
[0222] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 8.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt to a subject in need thereof an escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 8.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 8.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 8.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater weight loss is desired.
[0223] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 4.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater weight loss is desired.
[0224] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg. Different escalation regiments can be administered before the maintenance dose is administered. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a fourth escalation dose of about 8.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a first escalation dose of about 2.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, thereafter a second escalation dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, thereafter a third escalation dose of about 7.5 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering an escalation dose of about 5.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and thereafter a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a maintenance dose of about 10.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be further adjusted if greater weight loss is desired.
[0225] In some embodiments, provided herein are method of reducing body weight, methods of improving weight management, and methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg, about 4.5 mg, about 5.0 mg, about 5.5 mg, about 6.0 mg, about 6.5 mg, about 7.0 mg, about 7.5 mg, about 8.0 mg, about 8.5 mg, about 9.0 mg, about 9.5 mg, or about 10.0 mg. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered about once weekly for at least four weeks, at least eight weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, at least 52 weeks, at least 56 weeks, or at least 60 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least four weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least eight weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 12 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 16 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 20 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 24 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 36 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 48 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for at least 60 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose is administered about once weekly for about four weeks, about eight weeks, about 12 weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks, about 48 weeks, about 52 weeks, about 56 weeks, or about 60 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about four weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about eight weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 12 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 16 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 20 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 24 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 36 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 48 weeks. The maintenance dose can be administered about once weekly for about 60 weeks.
[0226] It is expressly contemplated herein that methods disclosed can adopt any combination or permutation of the above-mentioned dosage regimens. For exemplary purposes, in some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an escalating dosage of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about 44 weeks. In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an escalating dosage of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and a second escalation dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, and a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for about 40 weeks.
[0227] In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating obesity in a subject in need thereof, wherein the subject has BMI ≥ 30.0 kg / m2 and at least one failed attempt to control weight by lifestyle intervention, wherein the methods comprise administering to the subject an escalating dosage of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, a second escalation dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks, and a maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for about 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the subject also has T2D. In some embodiments, the subject also has refractory T2D.
[0228] Provided herein are methods of reducing body weight in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of improving weight management in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Provided herein are methods of treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0229] In some embodiments, methods provided here reduce body weight by at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, at least 17%, at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 2%, or at least 25%in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by at least 5%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by at least 8%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by at least 10%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by at least 12%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by at least 15%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by at least 18%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by at least 20%.
[0230] In some embodiments, methods provided here reduce body weight by about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by about 5%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by about 8%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by about 10%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by about 12%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by about 15%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by about 18%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce body weight by about 20%.
[0231] In some embodiments, the weight loss is observed in four weeks or less, five weeks or less, six weeks or less, seven weeks or less, eight weeks or less, ten weeks or less, twelve weeks or less, 16 weeks or less, 20 weeks or less, 24 weeks or less, 28 weeks or less, 32 weeks or less, 36 weeks or less, 40 weeks or less, 44 weeks or less, 48 weeks or less, 52 weeks or less, 60 weeks or less of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the therapeutic effect is observed in about four weeks, about five weeks, about six weeks, about seven weeks, about eight weeks, about ten weeks, about twelve weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks about 48 weeks, about 52 weeks, or about 60 weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, initiating treatment refers to the first dosing of the maintenance dose of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
[0232] For example, in some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss. In some embodiments, the at least 5%weight loss is achieved in 4 or less, 8 or less, 12 or less, 16 or less, 20 or less, 24 or less, 28 or less, 32 or less, 36 or less, 40 or less, 44 or less, 48 or less, 52 or less weeks, or 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 16 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 20 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 24 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 30 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 36 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 40 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 44 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 48 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 52 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve at least 5%weight loss in 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, initiating treatment refers to the first dosing of the maintenance dose of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
[0233] In some embodiments, the weight loss achieved with the treatment disclosed herein can be maintained for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, or at least 36 weeks, after the completion of the treatment. In some embodiments, the weight loss achieved with the treatment disclosed herein can be maintained for 4 weeks after the completion of the treatment. In some embodiments, the weight loss achieved with the treatment disclosed herein can be maintained for 8 weeks after the completion of the treatment. In some embodiments, the weight loss achieved with the treatment disclosed herein can be maintained for 12 weeks after the completion of the treatment. In some embodiments, the weight loss achieved with the treatment disclosed herein can be maintained for 24 weeks after the completion of the treatment. In some embodiments, the weight loss achieved with the treatment disclosed herein can be maintained for 36 weeks after the completion of the treatment. In some embodiments, the weight loss achieved with the treatment disclosed herein can be maintained for 48 weeks after the completion of the treatment.
[0234] In some embodiments, methods provided herein achieve reduced BMI in the treated subject. Accordingly, in some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI by at least 1.0 kg / m2, at least 1.5 kg / m2, at least 2.0 kg / m2, at least 2.5 kg / m2, at least 3.0 kg / m2, at least 3.5 kg / m2, at least 4.0 kg / m2, at least 4.5 kg / m2, or at least 5.0 kg / m2, in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI by at least 2.0 kg / m2 in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI by at least 3.0 kg / m2 in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI by about 1.0 kg / m2, about 1.5 kg / m2, about 2.0 kg / m2, about 2.5 kg / m2, about 3.0 kg / m2, about 3.5 kg / m2, about 4.0 kg / m2, about 4.5 kg / m2, or about 5.0 kg / m2, in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI by about 2.0 kg / m2 in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI by about 2.5 kg / m2 in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI by about 3.0 kg / m2 in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI by about 3.5 kg / m2 in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI by about 4.0 kg / m2 in the treated subject.
[0235] In some embodiments, methods provided herein achieve reduced BMI in the treated subject. Accordingly, in some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI to 24 kg / m2 or less, 25%kg / m2 or less, 26%kg / m2 or less, 27%kg / m2 or less, or 28%kg / m2 or less in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI to 24 kg / m2 or less in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce BMI to 28 kg / m2 or less in the treated subject. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve reduced BMI (e.g., 24 kg / m2 or less; 28 kg / m2 or less) in 4 or less, 8 or less, 12 or less, 16 or less, 20 or less, 24 or less, 28 or less, 32 or less, 36 or less, 40 or less, 44 or less, 48 or less, 52 or less weeks, or 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve reduced BMI in 16 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve reduced BMI in 20 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve reduced BMI in 24 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve reduced BMI in 40 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve reduced BMI in 44 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve reduced BMI in 48 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve reduced BMI in 52 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve reduced BMI in 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, initiating treatment refers to the first dosing of the maintenance dose of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
[0236] In some embodiments, the reduction in BMI achieved with the treatment disclosed herein can be maintained for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, or at least 36 weeks, after the completion of the treatment.
[0237] In some embodiments, methods provided herein are also therapeutically effective to treat T2D. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve both weight loss and glycemic goal.
[0238] In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein also induce clinical remission of T2D in the overweight or obese subject. In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein maintain clinical remission of T2D. In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein induce and maintain clinical remission of T2D. In some embodiments, methods provided herein effectively reduce HbA1c in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods of treatment described herein achieve HbA1c goal. The HbA1c goal can be less than 7%. The HbA1c goal can also be less than 5.7%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein effectively result in weight loss in the treated subject.
[0239] In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c by at least 0.3%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.6%, at least 0.7%, at least 0.8%, at least 0.9%, at least 1.0%, at least 1.1%, at least 1.2%, at least 1.3%, at least 1.4%, at least 1.5%, at least 1.6%, at least 1.7%, at least 1.8%, at least 1.9%, at least 2.0%, at least 2.1%, at least 2.2%, at least 2.3%, at least 2.4%, or at least 2.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 0.4%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 0.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.0%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.2%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.6%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.7%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.8%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 1.9%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 2.0%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 2.2%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by at least 2.5%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c in the treated subject.
[0240] In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c by about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1.0%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2.0%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, or about 2.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 0.4%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 0.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.0%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.2%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.5%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.6%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.7%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.8%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 1.9%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 2.0%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 2.2%. Methods provided herein can reduce HbA1c by about 2.5%. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c in the treated subject.
[0241] In some embodiments, methods provided herein achieve HbA1c goal in the treated subject. Accordingly, in some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c to less than 7%in the treated subject. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c to 6.5%or less. In some embodiments, methods provided herein reduce HbA1c to less than 5.7%. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 4 or less, 8 or less, 12 or less, 16 or less, 20 or less, 24 or less, 28 or less, 32 or less, 36 or less, 40 or less, 44 or less, 48 or less, 52 or less weeks, or 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 16 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 20 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 24 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 40 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 44 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 48 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 52 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the method is therapeutically effective to achieve HbA1c goal in 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, initiating treatment refers to the first dosing of the maintenance dose of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
[0242] In addition to glycemic control and weight control, methods provided herein can provide additional benefits for the treated subjects. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have weight loss measurable by waist circumference, neck circumference, or hip circumference. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced waist circumference. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced neck circumference. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced hip circumference. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have reduced glucose levels. For example, in some embodiments, the subjects have reduced FPG. In some embodiments, the subject has reduction in blood glucose measured by seven-point finger blood glucose. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved short-term glycemic control. In some embodiments, the subject has increased serum 1, 5-AG. In some embodiments, the subject has increased fast insulin. In some embodiments, the subject has increased fast C peptide. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved cardiovascular function. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved lipid metabolism. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced blood lipids (e.g., TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG) . In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved gout metabolism. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced UA level. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved liver function. In some embodiments, the subject has reduced ALT and AST. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved kidney function. In some embodiments, the subject has reduction in UACR. In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved pancreatic function. In some embodiments, the subject has improvement in islet beta function (HOMA2-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) . In some embodiments, the subjects treated with methods disclosed herein have improved life quality. In some embodiments, the subject has improvement in score on PRO questionnaire: DTSQ score; EQ-5D-5L.
[0243] In some embodiments, methods provided herein result in the following benefit in the treated subjects, including: (1) reduction in waist circumference; (2) reduction in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TC (e.g., to less than 5.2 mmol / L) , TG (e.g., to less than 1.7 mmol / L) , LDL-C (e.g., to less than 3.4 mmol / L) , HDL-C) , blood uric acid (e.g., to less than 420 μmol / L) , ALT, AST or any combination thereof; (3) reduction in neck circumference and hip circumference; (4) reduction in FPG, fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide; (5) improvement in HOMA2-IR; (6) reduction in UACR (e.g., to less than 30 mg / g) ; (7) improvement in life quality as measured by IWQoL-Lite-CT Questionnaire, SF-36v2 Questionnaire score, or any combination of the above (1) - (5) . In some embodiments, these therapeutic benefits can be achieved in 4 or less, 8 or less, 12 or less, 16 or less, 20 or less, 24 or less, 28 or less, 32 or less, 36 or less, 40 or less, 44 or less, 48 or less, 52 or less weeks, or 60 or less weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the therapeutic benefits can be maintained at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, or at least 36 weeks, after the completion of the treatment.
[0244] In some embodiments, methods provided herein further comprise monitoring for adverse events during the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and optionally, interrupting or terminating the administration. AEs include, but are not limited to, the following: exacerbation of a pre-existing medical condition / disease (including exacerbation of symptoms, signs, or abnormal laboratory tests) ; occurrence of any new adverse medical condition (including symptoms, signs, or newly diagnosed disease) ; any abnormal laboratory test value or result that has significant clinical significance.
[0245] In some embodiments, methods provided herein further comprise monitoring vital signs (including blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and body temperature) and / or physical examination during the administration, or monitoring hematology and serum chemistry during the treatment cycle. In some embodiments, heart rate or heart signal is monitored. In some embodiment, heart rate or heart signal is monitored by electrocardiogram.
[0246] In some embodiments, methods provided herein result in none of the following adverse events: severe gastrointestinal reactions (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) , hypoglycemic events, acute pancreatitis, thyroid malignancy and thyroid C-cell hyperplasia, major cardiovascular adverse events, supraventricular tachycardia and conduction block, anaphylaxis and injection site reactions, diabetic retinopathy complications, acute kidney injury, and acute gallbladder disease.
[0247] In some embodiments, methods provided herein result do not cause a Grade 3 hypoglycemic event. In some embodiments, methods provided herein result do not cause a Grade 2 or Grade 3 hypoglycemic event.
[0248] Methods Of Measurements
[0249] Methods of treatment provided herein reference certain methods of diagnosis, methods of evaluation (e.g., of severity of condition, progress of condition, or of improvement of condition) . Standard procedures of such methods are well known by and available to persons of ordinary skill in the art. For exemplary purposes, some representative methods and procedures are described here.
[0250] HbA1c
[0251] To measure HbA1c, blood samples are collected when the subject is in fasting state.
[0252] Seven-point finger blood glucose
[0253] Finger blood glucose is collected at seven different time points: fasting, 2 h ± 30 min after breakfast, before lunch, 2 h ± 30 min after lunch, before dinner, 2 h ± 30 min after dinner, and at bedtime. For better accuracy, each measurement can include collection of data from two non-consecutive days.
[0254] Four-point finger blood glucose
[0255] Finger blood glucose can be collected at four different time points: before three meals and at bedtime.
[0256] Weight
[0257] Standard protocol for weight measurement: weight measurement should be conducted in a standardized manner using a calibrated scale (either mechanical or electronic) . When measuring weight, participants should have urinated, and should remove any clothing or accessories that could add extra weight, such as coats, pants, hats, scarves, necklaces, belts, etc. They should be dressed in a single layer of clothing (limited to one upper garment and one lower garment) and should remove their shoes. Ensure that the weight scale is zeroed before weighing. Participant should step onto the weight scale and stand still on both feet with their arms at their sides.
[0258] Waist circumference
[0259] When measuring wait circumference, participants should take standing position, relax shoulders and abdomen, breathe steadily, and keep feet apart by 25~30 cm. Horizontal measurement is taken at the midpoint of the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the lower edge of the 12th rib on the midaxillary line. A tape is used which wraps around the waist at the above-mentioned horizontal position. When measuring, the tape measure should be snug against the skin but not tight. During the measurement, participants should not consciously pull in or push out abdomen. The measurement should be taken at the end of a calm exhalation.
[0260] Neck circumference
[0261] When measuring neck circumference, participants should stand upright, gaze straight ahead, and shoulders down. The tape measure should be snug against the skin but not tight. Horizontal measurement of the neck (one full circle) is taken just below the Adam’s apple (thyroid cartilage) and around the middle of the neck.
[0262] Hip circumference
[0263] When measuring hip circumstance, the subject should stand naturally with relaxed shoulders, arms hanging naturally and slightly apart, legs together, weight evenly distributed on both legs, and hips relaxed while looking straight ahead. The horizontal measurement position is as follows: in front, it corresponds to the pubic symphysis, and in the back, it corresponds to the greater trochanter of the femur. Typically, this measurement is taken at the most prominent part of the hips.
[0264] Patient report outcome (PRO) questionnaires
[0265] The Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Questionnaires should be completed by patients without external interference. This study utilizes the IWQoL-Lite-CT questionnaire and the SF-36v2 questionnaire to assess the subjects’ quality of life.
[0266] The IWQOL-Lite-CT questionnaire consists of 20 questions aimed at evaluating the impact of weight changes on the physical and psychosocial functioning of patients. It includes three composite scores (physical function, physical and psychosocial) as well as a total score.
[0267] The SF-36v2 questionnaire comprises 36 questions designed to assess the overall health-related quality of life of patients. It is divided into 8 domains: physical functioning, bodily pain, role-physical, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. These questions can also be combined to provide two summary component scores (overall mental and physical health) .
[0268] Exemplified Embodiments
[0269] Embodiment 1: A method for treating type 2 diabetes in a subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly.
[0270] Embodiment 2: The method of Embodiment 1, wherein the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg once weekly.
[0271] Embodiment 3: The method of Embodiment 2, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0272] Embodiment 4: The method of Embodiment 1, wherein the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg once weekly.
[0273] Embodiment 5: The method of Embodiment 4, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0274] Embodiment 6: The method of any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the subject is at least 18 years old.
[0275] Embodiment 7: The method of any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with lifestyle intervention.
[0276] Embodiment 8: The method of any one of Embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.5%.
[0277] Embodiment 9: The method of Embodiment 8, wherein the HbA1c of the subject is less than 8.5%.
[0278] Embodiment 10: The method of Embodiment 8, wherein the HbA1c of the subject is at least 8.5%.
[0279] Embodiment 11: The method of any one of Embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the subject has BMI of at least 23 kg / m2.
[0280] Embodiment 12: The method of any one of Embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.
[0281] Embodiment 13: The method of Embodiment 12, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 16 weeks.
[0282] Embodiment 14: The method of Embodiment 12, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 20 weeks.
[0283] Embodiment 15: The method of any one of Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the method reduces HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%.
[0284] Embodiment 16: The method of any one of Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the method results in at least 5%weight loss in the subject.
[0285] Embodiment 17: A method for treating type 2 diabetes in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to metformin monotherapy, combination therapy of metformin and a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or combination therapy of metformin and sulfonylurea.
[0286] Embodiment 18: The method of Embodiment 17, wherein the Mazdutide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is administered at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly.
[0287] Embodiment 19: The method of Embodiment 18, wherein the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg once weekly.
[0288] Embodiment 20: The method of Embodiment 19, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0289] Embodiment 21: The method of Embodiment 18, wherein the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg once weekly.
[0290] Embodiment 22: The method of Embodiment 21, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0291] Embodiment 23: The method of any one of Embodiments 17 to 22, wherein the subject is at least 18 years old.
[0292] Embodiment 24: The method of any one of Embodiments 17 to 23, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to metformin monotherapy.
[0293] Embodiment 25: The method of any one of Embodiments 17 to 23, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to combination therapy of metformin and an SGLT2 inhibitor.
[0294] Embodiment 26: The method of Embodiment 25, wherein the SGLT2 inhibitor is empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, henagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or any combination thereof.
[0295] Embodiment 27: The method of any one of Embodiments 17 to 23, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to combination therapy of metformin and sulfonylurea.
[0296] Embodiment 28: The method of any one of Embodiments 17 to 27, wherein the HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-11%.
[0297] Embodiment 29: The method of Embodiment 28, wherein the HbA1c of the subject is less than 8.5%.
[0298] Embodiment 30: The method of Embodiment 28, wherein the HbA1c of the subject is at least 8.5%.
[0299] Embodiment 31: The method of any one of Embodiments 17 to 30, wherein the subject has BMI of at least 23 kg / m2.
[0300] Embodiment 32: The method of any one of Embodiments 17 to 31, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.
[0301] Embodiment 33: The method of Embodiment 32, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 20 weeks.
[0302] Embodiment 34: The method of Embodiment 32, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 24 weeks.
[0303] Embodiment 35: The method of any one of Embodiments 17 to 34, wherein the method reduces HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%.
[0304] Embodiment 36: The method of any one of Embodiments 17 to 35, wherein the method results in at least 5%weight loss in the subject.
[0305] Embodiment 37: A method for treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly.
[0306] Embodiment 38: The method of Embodiment 37, wherein the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg once weekly.
[0307] Embodiment 39: The method of Embodiment 38, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0308] Embodiment 40: The method of Embodiment 37, wherein the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg once weekly.
[0309] Embodiment 41: The method of Embodiment 40, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0310] Embodiment 42: The method of any one of Embodiments 37 to 41, wherein the subject is at least 18 years old.
[0311] Embodiment 43: The method of any one of Embodiments 37 to 42, wherein the subject has BMI of at least 28 kg / m2.
[0312] Embodiment 44: The method of any one of Embodiments 37 to 42, wherein the subject has BMI ranging 24 kg / m2 -28 kg / m2 and has a condition that is prediabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, weight-bearing joint pain, dyspnea, or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, or any combination thereof.
[0313] Embodiment 45: The method of any one of Embodiments 37 to 44, wherein the HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.5%.
[0314] Embodiment 46: The method of any one of Embodiments 37 to 45, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.
[0315] Embodiment 47: The method of Embodiment 46, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 40 weeks.
[0316] Embodiment 48: The method of Embodiment 46, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 44 weeks.
[0317] Embodiment 49: The method of any one of Embodiment 37 to 48, wherein the method results in at least 5%weight loss in the subject.
[0318] Embodiment 50: The method of any one of Embodiment 37 to 49, wherein the method reduces HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%.
[0319] Embodiment 51: A method for treating obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of 9.0 mg once weekly.
[0320] Embodiment 52: The method of Embodiment 51, administering an escalating dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.
[0321] Embodiment 53: The method of Embodiment 51 or 52, wherein the subject is at least 18 years old.
[0322] Embodiment 54: The method of any one of Embodiments 51 to 53, wherein the subject has BMI of at least 30.0 kg / m2.
[0323] Embodiment 55: The method of Embodiment 54, wherein the subject has BMI of less than 32.5 kg / m2.
[0324] Embodiment 56: The method of Embodiment 54, wherein the subject has BMI of at least 32.5 kg / m2.
[0325] Embodiment 57: The method of any one of Embodiments 51 to 56, wherein the subject has at least one failed attempt to lose weight by lifestyle intervention.
[0326] Embodiment 58: The method of any one of Embodiments 51 to 57, wherein subject also has type 2 diabetes that is refractory to the treatment of an oral antidiabetic agent, wherein the antidiabetic agent is not a GLP-1 receptor agonist, a DPP4 inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea.
[0327] Embodiment 59: The method of Embodiment 58, wherein the HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.0%.
[0328] Embodiment 60: The method of any one of Embodiments 51 to 59, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, at least 52 weeks, or at least 60 weeks.
[0329] Embodiment 61: The method of Embodiment 60, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 52 weeks.
[0330] Embodiment 62: The method of any one of Embodiments 51 to 61, wherein the method results in at least 5%weight loss in the subject.
[0331] Experimental
[0332] The examples provided below are for purposes of illustration only, which are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. Thus, the invention should in no way be construed as being limited to the following examples, but rather, should be construed to encompass any and all variations which become evident as a result of the teaching provided herein.
[0333] The active pharmaceutical ingredient under investigation of the studies described below is Mazdutide. Briefly, results from the studies described below demonstrate at the specified regimens, Mazdutide is safe and effective in treating T2D, including refractory T2D; further, at the specified regimens, Mazdutide is safe and effective in treating overweight and obesity.
[0334] Example 1: Phase I and Phase II studies in treating adult Type 2 Diabetes
[0335] Phase I study: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics of multiple injections of Mazdutide in patients with type 2 diabetes. Mazdutide and placebo were blinded to investigators and participants, and dulaglutide was used as an open-label active control. Data showed that glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels significantly decreased after subjects received Mazdutide for 12 weeks. Mazdutide also reduced body weight, waist circumference and body-mass index (BMI) of subjects. Mazdutide was also well tolerated and safe, and the most commonly reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were gastrointestinal adverse events. There were no dose adjustments, no severe TEAE, and no severe hypoglycemic events.
[0336] Phase II study: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide compared with placebo and dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes, and dulaglutide was used as an open-label active control.
[0337] Participants were randomized 1: 1: 1: 1 into five treatment groups as follows; treatment was administered once per week: (1) Mazdutide 3.0 mg group: Mazdutide 1.5 mg for 4 weeks + Mazdutide 3.0 mg for 16 weeks. (2) Mazdutide 4.5 mg group: Mazdutide 1.5 mg for 4 weeks + Mazdutide 3.0 mg for 4 weeks + 4.5 mg administration for 12 weeks. (3) Mazdutide 6.0 mg group: Mazdutide 2.0 mg for 4 weeks + Mazdutide 4.0 mg for 4 weeks + 6.0 mg for 12 weeks. (4) Placebo group: the placebo group were administered the same number of times as the Mazdutide group for 20 weeks. (5) Dulaglutide group: dulaglutide 1.5 mg for 20 weeks.
[0338] Results:
[0339] As shown in FIG. 1, Mazdutide at all doses exhibited good hypoglycemic efficacy in subjects with type 2 diabetes. At week 21, the least squares mean changes from baseline in HbA1c were -1.41%, -1.67%, -1.55%, -1.35%, and 0.05%in the Mazdutide 3.0 mg, Mazdutide 4.5 mg, Mazdutide 6.0 mg, dulaglutide 1.5 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. Compared with the placebo group, the estimated difference in relative baseline changes of HbA1c at week 21 for the Mazdutide 3.0 mg, Mazdutide 4.5 mg, Mazdutide 6.0 mg, and dulaglutide groups were -1.44% (95%CI: -1.84, -1.04) , -1.70% (-2.09, -1.31) , -1.58%(-1.98, -1.18) , and -1.38% (-1.77, -0.98) respectively (p < 0.0001) .
[0340] Also, at Week 21, the percentages of subjects with HbA1c <7.0%in the Mazdutide 3.0 mg, Mazdutide 4.5 mg, Mazdutide 6.0 mg, dulaglutide, and placebo groups were 70.87%, 77.28%, 83.82%, 71.39%, and 18.39%, respectively; and the percentages of subjects with HbA1c ≤6.5%were 40.86%, 64.85%, 61.24%, 54.11%and 8.09%, respectively; and the proportions with HbA1c <5.7%were 12.42%, 12.91%, 10.90%, 11.71%and 2.00%, respectively. The percentages of subjects with HbA1c <7.0%and ≤6.5%at Week 21 were significantly higher in all dose groups of Mazdutide compared with the placebo group (p<0.0001 for all) .
[0341] As shown in FIG. 2, body weight decreased in all Mazdutide dose groups. At week 21, the least squares mean absolute (percentage) changed from baseline in body weight were -4.12%, -5.31%, -7.11%, -2.69%and -1.38%in the Mazdutide 3.0 mg, Mazdutide 4.5 mg, Mazdutide 6.0 mg, dulaglutide 1.5 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. Compared with placebo, the estimated difference in relative baseline changes of Mazdutide 3.0 mg, Mazdutide 4.5 mg, Mazdutide 6.0 mg, and dulaglutide 1.5 mg groups were -2.74% (95%CI: -4.62, -0.86; p=0.0045) , -3.92% (-5.78, -2.06) (p < 0.0001) , -5.73% (-7.61, -3.85; p<0.0001) , and -1.31% (-3.18, -0.55; p=0.1672) , respectively.
[0342] The percentages of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%and weight loss ≥ 5%at week 21 in the Mazdutide 3.0 mg, Mazdutide 4.5 mg, Mazdutide 6.0 mg, dulaglutide 1.5 mg groups, and placebo groups were 23.53%, 34.04%, 58.85%, 15.58%, and 0.14%, respectively. At week 21, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) also decreased in all Mazdutide dose groups.
[0343] Mazdutide not only showed good hypoglycemic and weight-reducing efficacy, but also reduced waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipids, and liver enzymes, bringing multiple metabolic benefits to T2D subjects.
[0344] Mazdutide was generally safe and well tolerated. Most of the TEAE were mild or moderate. SAEs occurred in 3 subjects (6.1%) in the Mazdutide 6 mg group, none related to the study drug. SAEs occurred in 4 subjects in each of the dulaglutide and placebo groups.
[0345] TEAEs occurring in ≥10%of the Mazdutide group included diarrhea (35.6%) , loss of appetite (28.9%) , nausea (23.5%) , vomiting (14.1%) , and hypoglycemia (10.1%) ; TEAEs occurring in ≥10%of the dulaglutide group included nausea (30.0%) , loss of appetite (18.0%) , diarrhea (16.0%) , upper respiratory tract infection (16.0%) , vomiting (14.0%) , abdominal distension (10.0%) , and urinary tract infection (10.0%) . No TEAEs with an incidence of ≥10%occurred in the placebo group.
[0346] Most of the cardiac adverse events in the study were mild, and the incidence was not dose dependent. The most frequently reported cardiac disease adverse events were supraventricular extrasystole, palpitations, sinus tachycardia, and ventricular extrasystole. The incidences of hypoglycemic events occurred in 3 (5.9%) , 4 (8.2%) , 8 (16.3%) , 1 (2.0%) , and 4 (7.8%) subjects in the Mazdutide 3.0 mg, Mazdutide 4.5 mg, Mazdutide 6.0 mg, dulaglutide 1.5 mg groups, and placebo groups, respectively. The main hypoglycemic events were asymptomatic hypoglycemic and possibly symptomatic hypoglycemic events, and no severe hypoglycemic events were reported.
[0347] Example 2: Phase III study in treating Type 2 Diabetes with inadequate response to diet and exercise
[0348] This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Mazdutide in treating patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with inadequate response to diet and exercise. 320 subjects were included.
[0349] The entire study included a 4-week screening phase, a 6-week run-in period, a 24-week double-blind treatment period, a 24-week study extension period, and a 4-week safety follow-up period. Additionally, HbA1c, FPG or FSG, and body weight of the subjects were measured during the run-in period.
[0350] Study population:
[0351] Subjects must meet the following criteria to be included in this study: 1. diagnosed with T2D for at least 2 months according to the 1999 WHO criteria; 2. age ≥ 18 years; 3. inadequate control of blood glucose by diet and exercise for 2 months before screening: 7.5%≤ HbA1c≤ 10.5%; 4. BMI ≥ 23 kg / m2 at screening; 5. capable of maintaining a stable diet and regular exercise during the study period; 6. signing of consent form and agreeing to strictly follow the protocol. Subjects that meet one of the following criteria were excluded: previous diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, risk of severe hypoglycemia, glomerular filtration rate eGFR <45 mL / min / 1.73 m2 during screening, etc.
[0352] For the 24-week double-blind treatment period, participants that met all of the following criteria were randomized: (1) 7.0%≤ HbA1c ≤ 10.5%; (2) FSG or FPG ≤ 15.0 mmol / L; and (3) BMI ≥ 23 kg / m2 and body weight change ≤ 5%during the run-in period.
[0353] The patients were stratified into three groups based on HbA1c: (1) HbA1c<8.5%; (2) HbA1c≥8.5%. The three groups are listed in Table E1.
[0354] Study drug:
[0355] Mazdutide is provided in pre-filled injection pens in three dosage forms: 0.5 ml: 2 mg, 0.5 ml: 4 mg, and 0.5 ml: 6 mg. The injectable formulation includes Mazdutide and tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol (for injection) , disodium edetate, dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and water for injection as excipients.
[0356] Placebo was also provided in pre-filled injection pens. The injectable solution consists of tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol (for injection) , disodium edetate, diluted hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and water for injection.
[0357] Treatment regimens:
[0358] Mazdutide and placebo are administered by once weekly (QW) abdominal subcutaneous injection. The treatment regimens are listed below in Table E1.
[0359] Table E1: treatment regimen for three study groups.
[0360] Assessments:
[0361] To assess efficacy of treatment, the following parameters are measured during the study period: HbA1c (fasting) , weight, waist circumference, blood glucose (seven-point finger blood glucose) . Additional indexes of blood chemistry (ALT, AST, Uric acid) , blood lipids (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) , glucose control and insulin (FPG, 1, 5-AG, fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide) , and urinary albumin / creatinine ratio are also measured during the study period.
[0362] Additionally, the PK values and immunogenicity of Mazdutide; treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) , treatment-emergent SAEs, are also measured and summarized across treatment groups during the study period.
[0363] Endpoint:
[0364] Primary endpoint:
[0365] HbA1c change from baseline at Week 24. It is expected that patients in both Mazdutide 4.0 mg group and Mazdutide 6.0 mg group can achieve >1.5%decrease in HbA1c from baseline by the end of the double blind treatment period.
[0366] Secondary endpoint (main) :
[0367] At Week 24, (1) percentage of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%; (2) percentage of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%and with ≥ 5%weight loss from baseline; (3) percentage of subjects with ≥ 5%weight loss from baseline; and (4) percent changes of weight from baseline.
[0368] Secondary endpoint (other -efficacy) :
[0369] Part I: at Week 48, (1) HbA1c changes from baseline; (2) percentage of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%; (3) percentage of subjects with ≥ 5%weight loss from baseline; (4) percentage of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%and with ≥ 5%weight loss from baseline; (5) percentage change in weight from baseline.
[0370] Part II: at Weeks 24 and 48, (1) percentage of subjects with HbA1c ≤ 6.5%and HbA1c < 5.7%; (2) change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline; (3) change of serum 1, 5-anhydroglucitol (1, 5-AG) from baseline; (4) change in blood glucose (seven-point finger blood glucose) from baseline; (5) change in waist circumference and body-mass index (BMI) from baseline; (6) change in weight in absolute terms from baseline; (7) percentage of subjects with ≥ 10%weight loss from baseline; (8) change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline; (9) change of blood lipids (total cholesterol (TC) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) ) from baseline; (10) change in uric acid (UA) level from baseline; (11) change in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from baseline; (12) change in urinary albumin / creatinine ratio from baseline; (13) change in score on patient report outcome (PRO) questionnaire: Diabetes Therapy Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) score; European Five Dimensional Health Scale (EQ-5D-5L) ; (14) change in islet beta function (HOMA2-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) from baseline.
[0371] Secondary endpoint (other -safety) :
[0372] (1) The rate and severity of adverse events (AE) , and correlation with the study drug; (2) changes in vital signs, physical examination, laboratory and electrocardiograms (ECG) and incidence of abnormal markers from baseline; and (3) assessment of immunogenicity of Mazdutide.
[0373] Secondary endpoint (other –PK and PD) :
[0374] Assessment of population PK characteristics of Mazdutide, including but not limited to: time to reaching plasma peak concentration (Tmax) , plasma peak concentration (Cmax) , area under curve (AUC) , volume distribution (V) , half-life (T1 / 2) and clearance (CL) ; and assessment of changes in PD parameters (fasting insulin and fasting C-peptide) at different time points before and after administration.
[0375] Results are summarized in Table E2.
[0376] Primary endpoint (main analysis) :
[0377] Under the treatment and efficacy estimands, the reduction in HbA1c from baseline at week 24 in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was better than that in the placebo group, and the Mazdutide 6 mg group had a greater reduction.
[0378] The results of the main analysis under the treatment estimand showed that the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the change from baseline in HbA1c in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 was -1.58%(0.091) , -2.02% (0.089) and -0.25% (0.087) , respectively.
[0379] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the change from baseline in HbA1c in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 was -1.57%(0.107) , -2.15% (0.109) and -0.14% (0.107) , respectively (FIG. 5A) .
[0380] Key secondary endpoint (main analysis) :
[0381] Under the treatment and efficacy estimands, the proportion of subjects with HbA1c <7%at week 24 was significantly higher in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group than in the placebo group, and the proportion was the highest in the Mazdutide 6 mg group.
[0382] The results of the main analysis under the treatment estimand showed that the proportions of subjects with HbA1c <7%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 were 66.4%, 81.8%and 11.7%respectively.
[0383] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the proportions of subjects with HbA1c <7%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 were 68.6%, 87.4%, and 10.7%respectively.
[0384] Under the treatment and efficacy estimands, the proportion of subjects with HbA1c <7% and weight loss ≥5%relative to baseline at week 24 in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group, and the proportion in the Mazdutide 6 mg group ratio was the highest.
[0385] The results of the main analysis under the treatment estimand showed that the proportions of subjects with HbA1c <7%and weight loss ≥5%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 were 39.0%, 58.5%and 0 respectively.
[0386] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the proportions of subjects with HbA1c <7%and weight loss ≥5%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 were 40.6%, 64.9%and 0 respectively.
[0387] Under the treatment and efficacy estimands, the proportion of subjects whose body weight dropped ≥5%from baseline at week 24 in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group, and the Mazdutide 6 mg group had a higher proportion.
[0388] The results of the main analysis under the treatment estimand showed that the proportions of subjects with weight loss ≥5%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 were 48.8%, 64.0%and 6.6%respectively.
[0389] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the proportions of subjects with weight loss ≥5%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 were 50.9%, 69.0%and 7.3%respectively.
[0390] Under the treatment and efficacy estimands, the reduction in body weight from baseline at week 24 was significantly better in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group than in the placebo group, and the Mazdutide 6 mg group had a greater reduction.
[0391] The results of the main analysis under the treatment estimand showed that the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the percentage change in body weight from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 was -5.50% (0.504) , -7.34% (0.492) and -1.15% (0.467) , respectively.
[0392] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the percentage change in body weight from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 was -5.61% (0.459) , -7.81% (0.466) and -1.26% (0.459) , respectively (FIG. 5B) .
[0393] Table E2. Efficacy Results at Week 24.
[0394] Compared with the placebo group, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.0001, achieving superiority after multiplicity correction.
[0395] Compared with the placebo group, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.0001, achieving superiority without multiplicity correction.
[0396] Other key secondary endpoints:
[0397] Other secondary endpoints were outcomes based on the treatment estimand.
[0398] Regarding HbA1c change from the baseline, at week 48, the mean change values (standard deviation) of HbA1c from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and Mazdutide 6 mg group were -1.67% (1.001) and -1.95% (1.134) respectively, which was the same as that at week 24.
[0399] Regarding the percentage of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%, at week 48, the proportions of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and Mazdutide 6 mg group were 67.4% (60 / 89) and 80.0% (72 / 90) respectively, which was the same as that at week 24.
[0400] Regarding the percentage of subjects with HbA1c ≤ 6.5%, at week 24 and 48, the proportion of subjects with HbA1c ≤ 6.5%in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group, and the proportion was higher in the Mazdutide 6 mg group.
[0401] Regarding the percentage of subjects with HbA1c < 5.7%, at week 24 and 48, the proportion of subjects with HbA1c < 5.7%in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was higher than that in the placebo group.
[0402] Regarding changes in seven-point fingertip blood sugar from baseline at weeks 24 and 48, the Mazdutide 4 mg group and 6 mg group had significantly greater decreases in the seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose relative to the baseline than the placebo group.
[0403] At week 24, the reduction in FPG from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg and 6 mg groups was better than that in the placebo group, and the Mazdutide 6 mg group had a greater reduction. Based on the treatment estimand, the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the change value of FPG from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 was -2.37 (0.185) mmol / L, -3.12 (0.182) mmol / L and -0.22 (0.182) mmol / L respectively.
[0404] At week 48, the mean (standard deviation) changes in FPG from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and Mazdutide 6 mg group were -2.508 (2.1084) mmol / L and -3.380 (3.0375) mmol / L, respectively, which were higher than those at the 24th week. The efficacy results in the placebo group (which had been switched to Mazdutide 6 mg treatment) were similar to the results in the double-blind phase Mazdutide 6 mg group at week 24.
[0405] At week 48, the average weight loss (standard deviation) of the Mazdutide 4 mg group and Mazdutide 6 mg group from the baseline was -8.30% (5.660) and -9.60% (6.635) respectively, which were greater than those at week 24.
[0406] At week 48, the efficacy results in the placebo group (which had been switched to Mazdutide 6 mg treatment) were similar to the results in the double-blind phase Mazdutide 6 mg group at week 24.
[0407] At week 24 and 48, the reduction in BMI from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group, and the Mazdutide 6 mg group had a greater reduction.
[0408] At week 24 and 48, the reduction in waist circumference from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group, and the Mazdutide 6 mg group had a greater reduction.
[0409] At week 24, the decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group. Based on the therapy estimate target, the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the change from baseline in systolic blood pressure in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group, and placebo group at week 24 was -7.10 (1.056) mmHg, -6.02 (1.089) mmHg and -2.25 (1.018) mmHg.
[0410] At week 24, the decrease in diastolic blood pressure from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly greater than that of the placebo group. Based on the treatment estimand, the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the change in diastolic blood pressure from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group, and placebo group at week 24 was -2.20 (0.708) mmHg, -2.29 (0.735) mmHg and 0.09 (0.678) mmHg respectively.
[0411] At week 24, the decrease in TG from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group, and the Mazdutide 6 mg group had a greater decrease. Based on the treatment estimand, the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the change from baseline in TG in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 was -0.31 (0.105) mmol / L and -0.75 (0.098) mmol / L and -0.01 (0.097) mmol / L, respectively.
[0412] At week 24, the decrease in TC from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly greater than that of the placebo group. Based on the treatment estimand, the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of TC changes from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 were -0.61 (0.077) mmol / L and -0.69 (0.077) mmol / L and -0.10 (0.075) mmol / L respectively.
[0413] At week 24, the reduction in LDL-C from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly greater than that of the placebo group. Based on the treatment estimand, the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of LDL-C changes from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group, and placebo group at week 24 were -0.38 (0.060) mmol / L, -0.41 (0.060) mmol / L and -0.05 (0.058) mmol / L, respectively.
[0414] At week 24, the reduction in ALT from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group, and the Mazdutide 6 mg group had a greater reduction. Based on the treatment estimand, the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of ALT changes from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 were -6.56 (1.579) U / L, -7.31 (1.573) U / L and 2.57 (1.556) U / L, respectively.
[0415] At week 24, the decrease in AST from baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group, and the Mazdutide 6 mg group had a greater decrease. Based on the treatment estimand, the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of AST changes from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group at week 24 were -4.06 (1.050) U / L, -5.29 (1.051) U / L and 2.22 (1.051) U / L, respectively.
[0416] At week 24, (1) the decrease in urinary protein / creatinine levels, (2) the increase in HOMA2-B, (3) the reduction in HOMA2-IRfrom baseline in both the Mazdutide 4 mg and Mazdutide 6 mg groups was significantly greater than that in the placebo group.
[0417] The EQ-5D-5L score results showed that the total health status score of the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and placebo group (which had been switched to Mazdutide 6 mg treatment) improved at week 48.
[0418] Additionally, at week 24, the average decrease in TG in subjects with baseline TG ≥ 1.7 mmol / L in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and Mazdutide 6 mg group was greater than that of the overall population.
[0419] At week 24, the average decrease in TC in subjects with baseline TC ≥ 5.2 mmol / L in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and Mazdutide 6 mg group was greater than that of the overall population.
[0420] At week 24, the average decrease in LDL-C in subjects with baseline LDL-C ≥ 3.4 mmol / L in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and Mazdutide 6 mg group was greater than that of the overall population.
[0421] These results are also shown in Table E3.
[0422] Table E3. Efficacy results at Week 24.
[0423] LSMean: least squares mean.
[0424] Compared with placebo, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.0001, without multiplicity correction.
[0425] Additionally, Mazdutide 4 mg and Mazdutide 6 mg were found to cause few hypoglycemic adverse reactions (Table E4) .
[0426] Table E4. Hypoglycemic Adverse Reactions in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes at Week 24
[0427] *Incidents requiring assistance with administration of carbohydrates, glucagon, or other resuscitative measures.
[0428] Example 3: Phase III study in treating Type 2 Diabetes with inadequate response to metformin monotherapy or combination therapy with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors / sulfonylureas
[0429] This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Mazdutide in treating patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) which inadequate response to metformin monotherapy or combination therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors / sulfonylureas. 731 subjects were included. The entire study includes a 4-week screening phase, a 6-week run-in period, a 28-week double-blind treatment period, and a 4-week safety follow-up period.
[0430] Study population:
[0431] Subjects must meet the following criteria to be included in this study: 1. diagnosed with T2D according to the 1999 WHO criteria; 2. age ≥ 18 years; 3. blood glucose inadequately controlled after treatment with metformin (≥ 1500 mg / day) , metformin (≥ 1500 mg / day) combined with SGLT2 inhibitors (minimum maintenance dose: empagliflozin 10 mg / day, dapagliflozin 5 mg / day, canagliflozin 100 mg / day, henagliflozin 5 mg / day, ertugliflozin 5 mg / day) , or metformin (≥ 1500 mg / day) combined with daily sulfonylureas (at least half of the maximum dose indicated on the drug information sheet) for 2 months before screening; 7.5%≤ HbA1c ≤ 11.0%; 4. BMI ≥ 23 kg / m2 at screening; 5. capable of maintaining a stable diet and regular exercise during the study period; 6 signing of consent form and agreeing to strictly follow the protocol.
[0432] Additionally, HbA1c, FPG or FSG, and body weight of the subjects were measured. Participants that meet all of the following criteria are randomized: (1) 7.0%≤ HbA1c ≤ 10.5%; (2) FSG or FPG ≤ 15.0 mmol / L; (3) BMI ≥ 23 kg / m2 and body weight change ≤ 5% during the run-in period.
[0433] The patents were stratified into two groups based on HbA1c: (1) HbA1c<8.5%; (2) HbA1c≥8.5%.
[0434] During the double-blind treatment period, subjects who meet the randomization criteria are randomized into the Mazdutide 4.0 mg group, Mazdutide 6.0 mg group, or dulaglutide 1.5 mg group in a 1: 1: 1 ratio. The randomization stratification factor is the pre-randomization (V3) glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c) (<8.5%vs. HbA1c≥8.5%) and basic treatment (metformin combined with an SGLT2 inhibitor or combined with a sulfonylurea vs. metformin alone) . During the treatment period, the investigators, subjects and sponsors of the Mazdutide 4.0 mg and 6.0 mg groups were blinded, while the dulaglutide group was open-label.
[0435] Study drug:
[0436] Mazdutide was provided in pre-filled injection pens in three dosage forms: 0.5 ml: 2 mg, 0.5 ml: 4 mg, and 0.5 ml: 6 mg. The injectable formulation includes Mazdutide and tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol (for injection) , disodium edetate, dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and water for injection as excipients.
[0437] Dulaglutide was provided in pre-filled injection pens in the following dosage form: 0.5 ml: 1.5 mg. The dulaglutide injectable formulation consists of dulaglutide, and trisodium citrate dihydrate, anhydrous citric acid, mannitol, polysorbate 80, and water for injection as excipients.
[0438] Treatment regimens:
[0439] Mazdutide and dulaglutide were administered by once weekly (QW) abdominal subcutaneous injection. The treatment regimens are listed below.
[0440] Assessments:
[0441] To assess efficacy of treatment, the following parameters are measured during the study period: HbA1c (fasting) , weight, waist circumference, blood glucose (seven-point finger blood glucose) . Additional indexes of blood chemistry (ALT, AST, Uric acid) , blood lipids (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) , glucose control and insulin (FPG, 1, 5-AG, fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide) , and urinary albumin / creatinine ratio are also measured during the study period.
[0442] Additionally, the PK values and immunogenicity of Mazdutide; treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) , treatment-emergent SAEs, are also measured and summarized across treatment groups during the study period.
[0443] Endpoint:
[0444] Primary endpoint:
[0445] HbA1c change from baseline at Week 28. It is expected that at Week 28, the HbA1c change from baseline in patients of the Mazdutide 4.0 mg group and the Mazdutide 6.0 mg group is no less than that in patients of the dulaglutide group.
[0446] Secondary endpoint (main) :
[0447] At Week 28, (1) percent changes of weight from baseline; (2) percentage of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%and with ≥ 5%weight loss from baseline; (3) HbA1c changes from baseline (superiority) ; and (4) percentage of subjects with HbA1c < 7.0%.
[0448] Secondary endpoint (other -efficacy) :
[0449] At Week 28, (1) percentage of subjects with HbA1c ≤ 6.5%; (2) change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline; (3) change in seven-points finger blood glucose from baseline; (4) percentage of subjects with a weight loss of ≥ 5%from baseline; percentage of subjects with a weight loss of ≥ 10%; (5) change in weight in absolute terms from baseline; (6) change in waist circumference and body-mass index (BMI) from baseline; (7) change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline; (8) change in levels of blood lipids [total cholesterol (TC) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) ] from baseline; (9) change in blood uric acid level from baseline; (10) change in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from baseline; (11) change in urinary albumin / creatinine ratio from baseline; (12) change from baseline in patient report outcome (PRO) questionnaire: European Five Dimensions Health Scale (EQ -5D-5L) ; and (13) changes from baseline in islet beta function (HOMA2-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) .
[0450] Secondary endpoint (other -safety) :
[0451] (1) The incidence and severity of adverse events (AE) , and correlation with the study drug; (2) changes in vital signs, physical examination, laboratory and electrocardiograms (ECG) and incidence of abnormal markers from baseline; and (3) assessment of immunogenicity of Mazdutide.
[0452] Secondary endpoint (other –PK and PD) :
[0453] Assessment of population PK characteristics of Mazdutide, including but not limited to: time to reaching plasma peak concentration (Tmax) , plasma peak concentration (Cmax) , area under curve (AUC) , volume distribution (V) , half-life (T1 / 2) and clearance (CL) ; and assessment of changes in PD parameters (fasting insulin and fasting C-peptide) at different time points before and after administration.
[0454] Results:
[0455] Under the treatment and efficacy estimands, the reduction in HbA1c from baseline at week 28 in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the 6 mg group was non-inferior to the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group.
[0456] The results of the main analysis under the treatment estimand showed that at week 28, the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of HbA1c changes from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group, and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group were -1.61% (0.061) , -1.66% (0.062) and -1.36% (0.060) , respectively.
[0457] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the adjusted least square estimated mean (standard error) of the relative baseline change in HbA1c in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group at week 28 was -1.69% (0.061) , -1.73% (0.062) and -1.38% (0.059) respectively (FIG. 6A) .
[0458] Under the treatment and efficacy estimands, the reduction in body weight from the baseline at week 28 in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the 6 mg group was significantly better than that in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group.
[0459] The results of the main analysis under the therapy estimand show that the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the percentage change in body weight from baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group, and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group at week 28 were -6.55% (0.332) , -8.53% (0.346) and -2.77% (0.329) respectively.
[0460] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the corrected least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the percentage change in body weight relative to baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group at week 28 were -7.13% (0.319) , -9.24% (0.325) and -2.86% (0.314) respectively (FIG. 6B) .
[0461] Under the therapy and efficacy estimands, the proportion of subjects with HbA1c <7%and weight loss of ≥5%relative to baseline at week 28 in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the 6 mg group was significantly higher than that in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group.
[0462] The results of the main analysis under the treatment estimand showed that the proportion of subjects with HbA1c <7%and a weight loss of ≥5%relative to baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group were 46.9%and 59.9%and 18.9%respectively.
[0463] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the proportions of subjects with HbA1c <7%and weight loss of ≥5%relative to baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group were 50.1%and 64.3%and 19.4%respectively.
[0464] Under the treatment and efficacy estimands, the reduction in HbA1c from baseline at week 28 in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the Mazdutide 6 mg group were significantly better than that in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group. The results of the main analysis under the treatment estimand showed that the adjusted least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the change from baseline in HbA1c in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group, and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group at week 28 was -1.61% (0.061) , -1.66% (0.062) and -1.36% (0.060) respectively.
[0465] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the adjusted least square estimated mean (standard error) of the relative baseline change in HbA1c in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group at week 28 was -1.69% (0.061) , -1.73% (0.062) and -1.38% (0.059) respectively.
[0466] Under the efficacy estimand, the proportion of subjects with HbA1c <7.0%at week 28 in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and 6 mg group was significantly higher than that in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group.
[0467] The results of the main analysis under the treatment estimand showed that the proportion of subjects with HbA1c <7%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group were 67.7%, 70.4%and 61.6%respectively
[0468] The results of the main analysis under the efficacy estimand showed that the proportions of subjects with HbA1c <7%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group were 71.2%, 74.2%and 62.1%respectively.
[0469] At week 28, the proportion of subjects with HbA1c ≤ 6.5%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and 6 mg group was significantly higher than that in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group. The proportions of subjects with HbA1c ≤ 6.5%in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group were 52.0%, 59.9%and 41.6%respectively.
[0470] At week 28, FPG in the Mazdutide 4 mg group was significantly lower than the baseline in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group. The corrected least square estimated mean (standard error) of the absolute value change of FPG from the baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group was -2.06 (0.111) mmol / L and -1.89 (0.114) mmol / L and -1.70 (0.112) mmol / L respectively.
[0471] At week 28, the mean seven-point fingertip blood glucose levels of the Mazdutide 4 mg and 6 mg groups were significantly lower than those of the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group relative to the baseline. The corrected least squares estimated mean (standard error) of the change from the baseline in the seven-point fingertip blood glucose average of the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group was -3.33 (0.118) mmol / L, -3.24 (0.120) mmol / L and -2.80 (0.117) mmol / L, respectively.
[0472] At week 28, the proportion of subjects with a weight loss of ≥5%relative to baseline was significantly higher in both the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the 6 mg group compared with the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group. The proportion of subjects whose body weight decreased by ≥5%relative to baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group were 58.6%, 73.1%and 26.6%respectively.
[0473] At week 28, the proportion of subjects whose body weight dropped ≥10%from baseline was significantly higher in the Mazdutide 4 mg group and 6 mg group compared with the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group. The proportion of subjects whose body weight decreased by ≥10% relative to baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group were 25.7%, 33.9%and 3.4%respectively.
[0474] At week 28, the body weight, the waist circumference, the BMI of the Mazdutide 4 mg group and the 6 mg group was significantly lower than that of the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group relative to the baseline.
[0475] At week 28, systolic blood pressure in both the Mazdutide 4 mg and 6 mg groups was significantly lower than the baseline in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group. The adjusted least square estimated mean (standard error) of the change in systolic blood pressure from the baseline in the Mazdutide 4 mg group, Mazdutide 6 mg group and dulaglutide 1.5 mg group was -4.94 (0.729) mmHg, -4.91 (0.744) mmHg and -2.06 (0.728) mmHg respectively.
[0476] At week 28, the reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline was greater in the Mazdutide 4 mg and 6 mg groups than in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg group. The adjusted least square estimated mean (standard error) of the change in diastolic blood pressure from the baseline in the Mazdutide...
Claims
1.A method for treating type 2 diabetes in a subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg once weekly.3.The method of claim 2, further comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg once weekly.5.The method of claim 4, further comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the subject is at least 18 years old.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the subject has had at least one failed attempt at glycemic control with lifestyle intervention.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the baseline HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.5%.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the baseline HbA1c of the subject is less than 8.5%.10.The method of claim 8, wherein the baseline HbA1c of the subject is at least 8.5%.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 23 kg / m2.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 16 weeks.14.The method of claim 12, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 20 weeks.15.The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the method reduces HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%.16.The method of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the method results in at least any of 5%or 10%weight loss in the subject.17.The method of any one of claims 1-3 and 6-16, comprising: administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg for at least 20 weeks; optionally further wherein:1) the treatment results in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, or 1.5%;2) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline is the reduction in HbA1c from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, or 1.4%;3) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, or 65%of the plurality of human subjects;4) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than ≤6.5%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, or 55%of the plurality of human subjects;5) the treatment results in a reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, 2.0 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, or 2.2 mmol / L;6) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in FPG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in FPG from baseline is the reduction in FPG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in FPG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in FPG from baseline by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, 2.0 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.4 mmol / L, or 2.6 mmol / L;7) the treatment results in a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, or 5.5%;8) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in body weight from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in body weight from baseline is the reduction in body weight from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in body weight from baseline by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, or 4.0%;9) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%of the plurality of human subjects;10) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥10%in at least any of 5%, 10%, or 15%of the plurality of human subjects;11) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%and reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%of the plurality of human subjects;12) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects does not result in i) more than any of 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%level 1 mild hypoglycemia, and / or ii) more than any of 1%. 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia or level 3 severe hypoglycemia;13) the treatment results in reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, 3 mmol / L, or 3.5 mmol / L;14) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline is the reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline by at least any of 0.5 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, or 2 mmol / L;15) the treatment results in reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, or 3.5 cm;16) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline is the reduction in waist circumference from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, or 3 cm;17) the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, 5 mmHg, 5.5 mmHg, 6 mmHg, 6.5 mmHg, or 7 mmHg;18) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, or 5 mmHg;19) the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, or 2.5 mmHg;20) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, or 2.5 mmHg;21) the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10%;22) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in TG from baseline, wherein the reference change in TG from baseline is the change in TG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in TG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in TG from baseline by at least any of -10%, -11%, -12%, -13%, -14%, -15%, -16%, -17%, -18%, -19%, or -20%;23) the treatment results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, or 7 U / L;24) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in ALT from baseline, wherein the reference change in ALT from baseline is the change in ALT from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in ALT from baseline by at least any of -6 U / L, -6.5 U / L, -7 U / L, -7.5 U / L, -8 U / L, -8.5 U / L, -9 U / L, -9.5 U / L, or -10 U / L;25) the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, or 4.5 U / L; and / or26) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in AST from baseline, wherein the reference change in AST from baseline is the change in AST from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in AST from baseline by at least any of -4 U / L, -4.5 U / L, -5 U / L, -5.5 U / L, -6 U / L, -6.5 U / L, or -7 U / L.18.The method of any one of claims 1 and 4-16, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg for at least 16 weeks, and optionally further wherein:1) the treatment results in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%;2) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline is the reduction in HbA1c from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, or 2.0%;3) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or 85%of the plurality of human subjects;4) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than ≤6.5%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80%of the plurality of human subjects;5) the treatment results in a reduction in FPG from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, 2.0 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.4 mmol / L, 2.6 mmol / L, 2.8 mmol / L, 3.0 mmol / L, or 3.2 mmol / L;6) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in FPG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in FPG from baseline is the reduction in FPG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in FPG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in FPG from baseline by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, 2.0 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.2 mmol / L, 2.4 mmol / L, 2.6 mmol / L, 2.8 mmol / L, 3.0 mmol / L, 3.2 mmol / L, or 3.4 mmol / L;7) the treatment results in a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7.0%, or 7.5%;8) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in body weight from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in body weight from baseline is the reduction in body weight from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in body weight from baseline by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, or 6.5%;9) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, or 65%of the plurality of human subjects;10) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥10%in at least any of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30%of the plurality of human subjects;11) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%and reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%of the plurality of human subjects; and / or12) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects does not result in i) more than any of 5.5%, 5%, 4.5, 4%or 3.8%level 1 mild hypoglycemia, ii) more than any of 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%or 1%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia, and / or iii) more than any of 1%. 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%level 3 severe hypoglycemia;13) the treatment results in reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, 3 mmol / L, 3.5 mmol / L, 4 mmol / L, or 4.5 mmol / L;14) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline is the reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline by at least any of 0.5 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, or 2.5 mmol / L;15) the treatment results in reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, or 4.5 cm;16) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline is the reduction in waist circumference from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, or 4 cm;17) the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, 5 mmHg, 5.5 mmHg, 6 mmHg, or 6.5 mmHg;18) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, or 4.5 mmHg;19) the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, or 2 mmHg;20) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, or 2.5 mmHg;21) the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, or 22%;22) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in TG from baseline, wherein the reference change in TG from baseline is the change in TG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in TG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in TG from baseline by at least any of -10%, -15%, -20%, -21%, -22%, -23%, -24%, -25%, -26%, -27%, -28%, -29%, -30%, -31%, or -32%;23) the treatment results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, 8 U / L, or 8.5 U / L;24) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in ALT from baseline, wherein the reference change in ALT from baseline is the change in ALT from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in ALT from baseline by at least any of -6 U / L, -6.5 U / L, -7 U / L, -7.5 U / L, -8 U / L, -8.5 U / L, -9 U / L, -9.5 U / L, -10 U / L, -10.5 U / L, -11 U / L;25) the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, or 5.5 U / L; and / or26) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater change in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference change in AST from baseline, wherein the reference change in AST from baseline is the change in AST from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received a placebo, optionally wherein change in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference change in AST from baseline by at least any of -4 U / L, -4.5 U / L, -5 U / L, -5.5 U / L, -6 U / L, -6.5 U / L, -7 U / L, -7.5 U / L, or -8 U / L.19.The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the treatment is a monotherapy.20.A method for treating type 2 diabetes in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to metformin monotherapy, combination therapy of metformin and a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or combination therapy of metformin and sulfonylurea.21.The method of claim 20, wherein the subject is administered with metformin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea.22.A method for treating type 2 diabetes in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a) a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and b) a second agent comprising metformin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to metformin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea, optionally wherein the sulfonylurea is amaryl, chlorpropamide, diabeta, diabinese, glimepiride, glipizide, glucotrol, glucotrol xl, glyburide, glynase, glynase prestab, minodiab, orinase, tolazamide, tolbutamide, or tolinase.24.The method of any one of claims 21-23, wherein the subject is also administered metformin.25.The method of any one of claims 21-24, wherein the subject is also administered a SGLT2 inhibitor.26.The method of any one of claims 21-25, wherein the subject is also administered a sulfonylurea, optionally wherein the sulfonylurea is amaryl, chlorpropamide, diabeta, diabinese, glimepiride, glipizide, glucotrol, glucotrol xl, glyburide, glynase, glynase prestab, minodiab, orinase, tolazamide, tolbutamide, tolinase, or any combination thereof.27.The method of claim 20-26, wherein the Mazdutide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is administered at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg once weekly.29.The method of claim 28, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.30.The method of claim 27, wherein the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg once weekly.31.The method of claim 30, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.32.The method of any one of claims 20-31, wherein the subject is at least 18 years old.33.The method of any one of claims 20-32, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to metformin monotherapy.34.The method of any one of claims 20-33, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to combination therapy of metformin and an SGLT2 inhibitor.35.The method of claim 34, wherein the SGLT2 inhibitor is empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, henagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or any combination thereof.36.The method of any one of claims 20-35, wherein the type 2 diabetes is refractory to combination therapy of metformin and sulfonylurea.37.The method of any one of claims 20-36, wherein the baseline HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-11%.38.The method of claim 37, wherein the baseline HbA1c of the subject is less than 8.5%.39.The method of claim 37, wherein the baseline HbA1c of the subject is at least 8.5%.40.The method of any one of claims 20-39, wherein the subject has baseline BMI of at least 23 kg / m2.41.The method of any one of claims 20-40, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.42.The method of claim 41, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 20 weeks.43.The method of claim 41, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 24 weeks.44.The method of any one of claims 20-43, wherein the method reduces HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%.45.The method of any one of claims 20-44, wherein the method results in at least any of 5%or 10%weight loss in the subject.46.The method of any one of claims 20-29 and 32-45, comprising: administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg for at least 20 weeks; optionally further wherein:1) the treatment results in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, or 1.5%;2) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline is the reduction in HbA1c from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline by at least any of 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, or 0.3%;3) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%of the plurality of human subjects;4) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than ≤6.5%in at least any of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%of the plurality of human subjects;5) the treatment results in a reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, or 2.0 mmol / L;6) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in FPG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in FPG from baseline is the reduction in FPG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in FPG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in FPG from baseline by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, or 0.4 mmol / L;7) the treatment results in a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, or 7.0%;8) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in body weight from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in body weight from baseline is the reduction in body weight from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in body weight from baseline by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, or 4.0%;9) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%of the plurality of human subjects;10) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥10%in at least any of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or 25%of the plurality of human subjects;11) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%and reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%of the plurality of human subjects; and / or12) the treatment results in reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, or 3 mmol / L;13) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline is the reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, or 0.6 mmol / L;14) the treatment results in reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4.5 cm, 5 cm, or 5.5 cm;15) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline is the reduction in waist circumference from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, or 2.5 cm;16) the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, or 4.5 mmHg;17) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, or 3 mmHg;18) the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, or 2 mmHg;19) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 0.2 mmHg, 0.4 mmHg, 0.6 mmHg, 0.8 mmHg;20) the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, or 18%;21) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in TG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in TG from baseline is the reduction in TG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in TG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in TG from baseline by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, or 16%;22) the treatment results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, 8 U / L, or 8.5 U / L;23) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in ALT from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in ALT from baseline is the reduction in ALT from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in ALT from baseline by at least any of 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, or 8 U / L;24) the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, or 5 U / L;25) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects does not result in i) more than any of 25%, 20%, 19%, 18%or 17%level 1 mild hypoglycemia, and / or ii) more than any of 10%. 9%, 8%, or 7%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia, and / or iii) 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%or level 3 severe hypoglycemia; and / or26) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in AST from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in AST from baseline is the reduction in AST from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in AST from baseline by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, or 5 U / L.47.The method of any one of claims 20-27 and 30-45, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg for at least 16 weeks, and optionally further wherein:1) the treatment results in a reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, or 1.7%;2) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline is the reduction in HbA1c from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in HbA1c from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in HbA1c from baseline by at least any of 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, or 0.35%;3) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%in at least any of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, or 70%of the plurality of human subjects;4) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than ≤6.5%in at least any of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%of the plurality of human subjects;5) the treatment results in a reduction in FPG from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.4 mmol / L, 1.6 mmol / L, 1.8 mmol / L, or 2.0 mmol / L;6) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in FPG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in FPG from baseline is the reduction in FPG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in FPG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in FPG from baseline by at least any of 0.05 mmol / L, 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, or 0.3 mmol / L;7) the treatment results in a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7.0%, 7.5%, 8.0%, 8.5%, 9.0%;8) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in body weight from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in body weight from baseline is the reduction in body weight from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in body weight from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in body weight from baseline by at least any of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, or 6.0%;9) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, or 75%of the plurality of human subjects;10) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of body weight of ≥10%in at least any of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, or 35%of the plurality of human subjects;11) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in reduction of HbA1c to lower than <7%and reduction of body weight of ≥5%in at least any of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%of the plurality of human subjects.12) the treatment results in reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, or 3 mmol / L;13) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline is the reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in seven-point mean fingertip blood glucose from baseline by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, or 0.6 mmol / L;14) the treatment results in reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4.5 cm, 5 cm, 5.5 cm, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, or 7 cm;15) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline is the reduction in waist circumference from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in waist circumference from baseline by at least any of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm, or 4 cm;16) the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, or 5 mmHg;17) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, 2.5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, or 3.5 mmHg;18) the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, or 2 mmHg;19) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline is the reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline by at least any of 0.2 mmHg, 0.4 mmHg, 0.6 mmHg, 0.8 mmHg;20) the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, or 26%;21) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in TG from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in TG from baseline is the reduction in TG from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in TG from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in TG from baseline by at least any of 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, or 24%;22) the treatment results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, 8 U / L, 8.5 U / L, 9 U / L, or 9.5 U / L;23) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in ALT from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in ALT from baseline is the reduction in ALT from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in ALT from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in ALT from baseline by at least any of 6 U / L, 6.5 U / L, 7 U / L, 7.5 U / L, 8 U / L, or 8.5 U / L;24) the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, 5.5 U / L, or 6 U / L;25) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects does not result in i) more than any of 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, or 9.5%level 1 mild hypoglycemia, and / or ii) more than any of 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%level 2 moderate hypoglycemia, and / or iii) 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, or 0.001%or level 3 severe hypoglycemia; and / or26) the treatment to a plurality of human subjects results in a greater reduction in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects as compared to a reference reduction in AST from baseline, wherein the reference reduction in AST from baseline is the reduction in AST from baseline of a plurality of human subjects who have received dulaglutide of 1.5 mg once weekly for 28 weeks, optionally wherein reduction in AST from baseline of the plurality of human subjects is greater than the reference reduction in AST from baseline by at least any of 2 U / L, 2.5 U / L, 3 U / L, 3.5 U / L, 4 U / L, 4.5 U / L, 5 U / L, or 5.5 U / L.48.A method for treating overweight or obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly.49.The method of claim 48, wherein the maintenance dose is about 4.0 mg once weekly.50.The method of claim 49, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.51.The method of claim 48, wherein the maintenance dose is about 6.0 mg once weekly.52.The method of claim 51, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.53.The method of any one of claims 48-52, wherein the subject is at least 18 years old.54.The method of any one of claims 48-53, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 28 kg / m2.55.The method of any one of claims 48-54, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI ranging 24 kg / m2 -28 kg / m2 and has a condition that is prediabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, weight-bearing joint pain, dyspnea, or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, or any combination thereof.56.The method of any one of claims 38-55, wherein the baseline HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.5%.57.The method of any one of claims 38-56, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.58.The method of claim 57, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 40 weeks.59.The method of claim 57, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 44 weeks.60.The method of any one of claim 38-59, wherein the method results in at least any of 5%or 10%weight loss in the subject.61.The method of any one of claim 38-60, wherein the method reduces HbA1c of the subject to lower than 7.0%.62.The method of any one of claims 48-50 and 53-61, comprising: administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg for at least about 28 weeks; optionally further wherein:1) the treatment results in a) a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, or 10%after 28 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, or 11%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;2) the treatment results in a reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5.5 cm, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, 7 cm, 7.5 cm, 8 cm, 8.5 cm, or 9 cm after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;3) the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, 5 mmHg, 5.5 mmHg, 6 mmHg, 6.5 mmHg, or 7.5 mmHg after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;4) the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1 mmHg, 1.5 mmHg, 2 mmHg, 2, 5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, or 3.5 mmHg after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;5) the treatment results in reduction in heart rate from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5 times / minutes after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;6) the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%or 25.5%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;7) the treatment results in a reduction in total cholesterol from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, or 3%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;8) the treatment results in a reduction in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, or 3%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;9) the treatment results in a reduction in blood uric acid from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, or 7.5%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;10) the treatment according to results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, or 19%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose; and / or11) the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, or 6.5%after 44 weeks of maintenance dose.63.The method of any one of claims 51-61, comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least 4 weeks, administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg for at least 16 weeks, and optionally further wherein:1) the treatment results in a) a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, or 11%, 11.5%, 12%, or 12.5%, after 24 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in body weight from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 13.5%, or 14%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;2) the treatment results in a reduction in waist circumference from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5.5 cm, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, 7 cm, 7.5 cm, 8 cm, 8.5 cm, 9 cm, 9.5 cm, 10 cm, or 10.5 cm after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;3) the treatment results in reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 5 mmHg, 5.5 mmHg, 6 mmHg, 6.5 mmHg, 7.5 mmHg, 8 mmHg, 8.5 mmHg, 9 mmHg, or 9.5 mmHg after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;4) the treatment results in reduction in diastolic blood pressure from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 2 mmHg, 2, 5 mmHg, 3 mmHg, 3.5 mmHg, 4 mmHg, 4.5 mmHg, or 5 mmHg after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;5) the treatment results in reduction in heart rate from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5 times / minutes after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;6) the treatment results in a reduction in triglyceride (TG) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, or 31.5%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;7) the treatment results in a reduction in total cholesterol from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 6.5%, or 6.8%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;8) the treatment results in a reduction in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 6.5%, or 7%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;9) the treatment results in a reduction in blood uric acid from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, or 12.9%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;10) the treatment according to results in a reduction in ALT from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 26%or 26.9%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose; and / or11) the treatment results in a reduction in AST from baseline of the subject or a plurality of subjects by at least any of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, or 11.5%after 40 weeks of maintenance dose.64.A method for treating obesity in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of 9.0 mg once weekly.65.The method of claim 64, administering an escalating dose of about 3.0 mg once weekly for about four weeks, and a second escalating dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least four weeks before administering the maintenance dose.66.The method of claim 64 or 65, wherein the subject is at least 18 years old.67.The method of any one of claims 64-66, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 30.0 kg / m2.68.The method of claim 67, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 32.5 kg / m2.69.The method of claim 67, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 32.5 kg / m2.70.The method of any one of claims 64-69, wherein the subject has at least one failed attempt to lose weight by lifestyle intervention.71.The method of any one of claims 64-70, wherein subject also has type 2 diabetes that is refractory to the treatment of an oral antidiabetic agent, wherein the antidiabetic agent is not a GLP-1 receptor agonist, a DPP4 inhibitor, or a sulfonylurea.72.The method of claim 71, wherein the baseline HbA1c of the subject ranges 7.5%-10.0%.73.The method of any one of claims 64-72, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, at least 52 weeks, or at least 60 weeks.74.The method of claim 73, wherein the maintenance dose is administered for about 52 weeks.75.The method of any one of claims 64-74, wherein the method results in at least any of 5%or 10%weight loss in the subject.76.A method of improving lipid profile, treating hyperlipidemia or alleviating the blood triglyceride (TG) level, the blood total cholesterol (TC) level, or the blood LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) level in a human subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg or about 6.0 mg once weekly, wherein the subject has Type 2 diabetes and one or more of a) hyperlipidemia, b) a baseline blood triglyceride level of at least about 1.7 mmol / L, c) a baseline total cholesterol level of at least about 5.2 mmol / L, and d) a baseline LDL cholesterol level of at least 3.4 mmol / L.77.The method of claim 76, further comprising: administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks and administering a maintenance dose of about 4.0 mg for at least any of 20 weeks; optionally further wherein:1) the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood triglyceride level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, or 0.75 mmol / L after 20 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood triglyceride level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.6 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 1.0 mmol / L, 1.1 mmol / L, or 1.2 mmol / L after 44 weeks of maintenance dose;2) the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.6 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 1.0 mmol / L, 1.1 mmol / L, or 1.15 mmol / L after 20 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.45 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.55 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, or 0.63 mmol / L after 44 weeks of maintenance dose; and / or3) the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood LDL cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.45 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.55 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.65 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, or 0.72 mmol / L after 20 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.15 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.25 mmol / L, or 0.27 mmol / L after 44 weeks of maintenance dose.78.The method of claim 76, further comprising administering an escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for about 4 weeks, a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least any of 4 weeks, administering a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg for at least any of 16 weeks, and optionally further wherein:1) the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood triglyceride level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.6 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 1.0 mmol / L, 1.1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, 1.3 mmol / L, 1.35 mmol / L, or 1.38 mmol / L after 16 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood triglyceride level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 0.9 mmol / L, or 0.96 mmol / L after 40 weeks of maintenance dose;2) the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.6 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 1.0 mmol / L, 1.1 mmol / L, 1.2 mmol / L, or 1.25 mmol / L after 16 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 0.9 mmol / L, or 0.92 mmol / L after 40 weeks of maintenance dose; and / or3) the treatment in a plurality of subjects results in a) a reduction in blood LDL cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, 0.6 mmol / L, 0.7 mmol / L, 0.8 mmol / L, 0.85 mmol / L, or 0.89 mmol / L after 16 weeks of maintenance dose, or b) a reduction in blood total cholesterol level from baseline of the plurality of subjects by at least any of 0.1 mmol / L, 0.2 mmol / L, 0.3 mmol / L, 0.4 mmol / L, 0.45 mmol / L, 0.5 mmol / L, or 0.55 mmol / L after 40 weeks of maintenance dose.79.The method of any of claims 76-78, wherein the treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is a monotherapy.
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