Data transmission method and communication apparatus

Abstract

The present application provides a data transmission method and a communication apparatus. The method comprises: acquiring first semantic similarity information from a core network element, wherein the first semantic similarity information is used for indicating the similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in a first data packet and first source information, the first data packet comprising an encoded data packet of the first source information; and outputting a second data packet to a user equipment on the basis of the first semantic similarity information, wherein data of the second data packet is part of data of the first data packet. In this way, with respect to semantic communication for different tasks and objects, large-data-volume transmission efficiency can be improved.

Description

Data transmission method and communication device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application with application number 202311458433.7 filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on November 2, 2023, and priority to the Chinese patent application with the invention name “Data transmission method and communication device”, all contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a data transmission method and a communication device. Background Art

[0003] Semantic communication is a technology that uses semantics to represent and transmit information. Unlike traditional communications, which require every bit to be transmitted correctly and every pixel in the transmitted image frame to be distortion-free, semantic communication is more about the transmission of semantics. This means expressing and transmitting information at the semantic level, moving some or all of the understanding of the information's meaning upfront to the sender.

[0004] In semantic communication services, different tasks and scenarios have different quality requirements for large data transmission. If the parameters of the current fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) quality of service (QoS) identifier are used, that is, if the parameters of 5QI (for example, packet delay budget (PDB), packet error rate (PER), etc.) are used to ensure large data transmission based on feature streams, there will be a problem of low efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, for semantic communication of different tasks and objects, how to improve the transmission efficiency of large amounts of data is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application provides a data transmission method and a communication device, which can improve the transmission efficiency of large amounts of data for semantic communication of different tasks and objects.

[0008] In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which can be executed by an access network device, or by a module (such as a chip) of the access network device, or by a logical node, logical module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the access network device. The method includes: obtaining first semantic similarity information from a core network network element, the first semantic similarity information being used to indicate the similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in a first data packet and the first source information, the first data packet including a data packet after encoding the first source information. Based on the first semantic similarity information, a second data packet is output to a terminal device, the data of the second data packet being part of the data of the first data packet.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the access network device can obtain an optimized second data packet based on the first semantic similarity information, thereby reducing data pressure on the air interface and improving transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication. For example, for license plate recognition tasks, the access network device's goal when transmitting data to the terminal device is not to restore a high-definition image. By using the first semantic similarity information, the access network device can reduce the amount of data transmitted on the air interface, thereby improving transmission efficiency in semantic communication.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the first data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

[0011] In this way, the access network device can intuitively obtain the first semantic similarity, which can help the access network device to quickly optimize the data packet.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of second sub-data packets, and the first data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

[0013] In this way, the access network device can indirectly obtain the second semantic similarity through the number of the second sub-data packets, thereby facilitating the access network device to optimize the data packets.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first semantic similarity information is carried in the first data packet.

[0015] In this way, the first semantic similarity information is transmitted along with the data packet, which enables the access network device to quickly adapt to changes in the application layer.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first semantic similarity information is carried in a General Packet Radio System Tunneling Protocol User GTP-U, and the GTP-U is carried in the first data packet.

[0017] In this way, the current protocol format can be used to improve the compatibility of the protocol frame.

[0018] In a second aspect, a data transmission method is provided. The method is applied to a server and may be executed by a module (e.g., a chip) of the server (or data network). The method may also be implemented by a logical node, logical module, or software that implements all or part of the functions of the server (or data network). The method includes encoding first source information to obtain a third data packet. The method outputs first semantic similarity information to a core network element, where the first semantic similarity information indicates the similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the third data packet and the first source information.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the first semantic similarity information output by the server to the core network network element can help subsequent access network devices obtain an optimized second data packet based on the first semantic similarity information, thereby reducing the data pressure on the air interface side and further improving the transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication.

[0020] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the third data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

[0021] In this way, the first semantic similarity information directly indicates the first semantic similarity, thereby helping the access network device to quickly optimize the data packet.

[0022] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and a second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of second sub-data packets, and the third data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

[0023] In this way, the first semantic similarity information directly indicates the number of the second sub-data packets, thereby helping the access network device to indirectly obtain the second semantic similarity, and further helping the access network device to optimize the data packets.

[0024] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first semantic similarity information is carried in a third data packet.

[0025] In this way, the first semantic similarity information is transmitted along with the data packet, which can help the access network device quickly adapt to changes in the application layer.

[0026] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first semantic similarity information is carried in a real-time transport protocol RTP, and the RTP is carried in the third data packet.

[0027] In this way, the current protocol format can be used to improve the compatibility of the protocol frame.

[0028] In a third aspect, a data transmission method is provided. The method is applied to a core network element and can also be executed by a module (e.g., a chip) of the core network element. It can also be implemented by a logical node, logical module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the core network element. The method includes: obtaining first semantic similarity information from a server, the first semantic similarity information being used to indicate the similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in a third data packet and the first source information, the third data packet including the encoded data packet of the first source information. The first semantic similarity information is output to an access network device.

[0029] In the above technical solution, the first semantic similarity information output by the core network element to the access network device can help the subsequent access network device to obtain the optimized second data packet based on the first semantic similarity information, thereby reducing the data pressure on the air interface side and further improving the transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication.

[0030] In combination with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the third data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

[0031] In this way, the first semantic similarity information directly indicates the first semantic similarity, thereby helping the access network device to quickly optimize the data packet.

[0032] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of second sub-data packets, and the third data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

[0033] In this way, the first semantic similarity information directly indicates the number of the second sub-data packets, thereby helping the access network device to indirectly obtain the second semantic similarity, and further helping the access network device to optimize the data packets.

[0034] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the first semantic similarity information from the server is carried in a third data packet, and the first semantic similarity information output to the access network device is carried in a first data packet, and the first data packet includes a data packet after the first source information is encoded.

[0035] In this way, the first semantic similarity information is transmitted along with the data packet, which can help the access network device quickly adapt to changes in the application layer.

[0036] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the first semantic similarity information from the server is carried in RTP, and RTP is carried in the third data packet; the first semantic similarity information output to the access network device is carried in GTP-U, and GTP-U is carried in the first data packet.

[0037] In this way, the current protocol format can be used to improve the compatibility of the protocol frame.

[0038] In a fourth aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which is applied to an access network device and can also be executed by a module (such as a chip) of the access network device, or can be implemented by a logical node, logical module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the access network device. The method includes: obtaining semantic similarity requirement information, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate the lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that needs to be met during data transmission, the semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in the fourth data packet and the second source information, and the fourth data packet includes the data packet of the second source information after being encoded. According to the semantic similarity requirement information, a fifth data packet is output, and the data of the fifth data packet is part of the data of the fourth data packet.

[0039] In the above technical solution, the access network device uses the semantic similarity requirement information to obtain an optimized fifth data packet, thereby reducing data pressure on the air interface side and improving transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication. Furthermore, the semantic similarity requirement information is only task-related, has a low update frequency, and reduces signaling overhead. For example, the second task may be a license plate recognition task, which only requires clear identification of the numbers in the image and does not require the restoration of all pixels in the image. Therefore, the data volume corresponding to the lower limit condition indicated by the semantic similarity requirement information determined by the server based on the vehicle recognition task is much smaller than that of ordinary image transmission. For another example, when the second task is implemented by a machine, the machine only focuses on the interesting portion of the image and does not have excessive requirements for the overall image restoration. Therefore, the data volume corresponding to the lower limit condition indicated by the semantic similarity requirement information determined by the server based on the implementation target being a machine is much smaller than that of ordinary image transmission.

[0040] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the method further includes: obtaining quality of service (QoS) reliability information, where a mapping relationship exists between the QoS reliability information and the semantic similarity requirement information. Obtaining the semantic similarity requirement information includes: obtaining the semantic similarity requirement information based on the QoS reliability information and the mapping relationship.

[0041] In the above technical solution, access network equipment can obtain semantic similarity requirement information by using existing QoS reliability information and the mapping relationship between QoS reliability information and semantic similarity requirement information. By optimizing data packets using existing parameters, data packet processing can be reduced, thereby improving transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication and reducing modifications to existing QoS flow configurations, thereby improving compatibility with existing QoS flow configurations.

[0042] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the data amount during data transmission, or the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the semantic similarity.

[0043] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the semantic similarity requirement information is carried in a quality of service (QoS) configuration file.

[0044] In this way, the current QoS configuration file can be used, improving the compatibility of the QoS configuration file.

[0045] In a fifth aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which is applied to a server and can also be executed by a module (such as a chip) of the server (or data network), or can be implemented by a logical node, logical module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the server (or data network). The method includes: encoding the second source information to obtain a sixth data packet. Outputting semantic similarity requirement information, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate the lower limit condition related to the semantic similarity that needs to be met during the data transmission process, and the semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the sixth data packet and the second source information.

[0046] In the above technical solution, the semantic similarity information output by the server helps subsequent access network devices to obtain the optimized fifth data packet through the semantic similarity requirement information, thereby reducing the data pressure on the air interface side, and further improving the transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication. In addition, the semantic similarity requirement information is only related to the task, with a low update frequency and small signaling overhead.

[0047] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in certain implementations of the fifth aspect, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of semantic similarity. Alternatively, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of a data volume in a data transmission process.

[0048] In a sixth aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which is applied to a core network element, and can also be executed by a module (such as a chip) of the core network element, or can be implemented by a logical node, logical module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the core network element. The method includes: obtaining semantic similarity requirement information from a server, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that needs to be met during data transmission, the semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in the sixth data packet and the second source information, and the sixth data packet includes a data packet after the second source information is encoded. Output the semantic similarity requirement information.

[0049] In the above technical solution, the semantic similarity information output by the core network network element helps the subsequent access network equipment to obtain the optimized fifth data packet through the semantic similarity requirement information, thereby reducing the data pressure on the air interface side, and further improving the transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication. In addition, the semantic similarity requirement information is only related to the task, with a low update frequency and small signaling overhead.

[0050] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in certain implementations of the sixth aspect, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of semantic similarity, or the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of a data volume in a data transmission process.

[0051] In combination with the sixth aspect, in certain implementations of the sixth aspect, outputting the semantic similarity requirement information includes: outputting the semantic similarity requirement information to a core network element, the semantic similarity requirement information being carried in a data packet detection rule.

[0052] In this way, the current data packet detection rules can be used, thereby improving the compatibility of the data packet detection rules.

[0053] In combination with the sixth aspect, in certain implementations of the sixth aspect, outputting the semantic similarity requirement information includes: outputting the semantic similarity requirement information to an access network device, wherein the semantic similarity requirement information is carried in a QoS configuration file.

[0054] In this way, the current QoS configuration file can be used, improving the compatibility of the QoS configuration file.

[0055] In combination with the sixth aspect, in certain implementations of the sixth aspect, outputting the semantic similarity requirement information includes: sending the semantic similarity requirement information to the terminal device, where the semantic similarity requirement information is carried in a QoS rule.

[0056] In this way, the current QoS rules can be used to improve the compatibility of QoS rules.

[0057] In a seventh aspect, a communication device is provided, which may be an access network device, or a module (such as a chip) of an access network device, or a logical node, logical module, or software that implements all or part of the functions of the access network device. The device includes an interface unit and a processing unit, the interface unit being used to obtain first semantic similarity information from a core network network element, the first semantic similarity information being used to indicate the similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in a first data packet and the first source information, the first data packet including a data packet after encoding the first source information. The processing unit is used to output a second data packet to a terminal device based on the first semantic similarity information, the data of the second data packet being part of the data of the first data packet.

[0058] It should be understood that the seventh aspect corresponds to the first aspect, and the effects brought about by the technical solution of the seventh aspect can be referred to the first aspect, which will not be elaborated on.

[0059] In combination with the seventh aspect, in certain implementations of the seventh aspect, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the first data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

[0060] In combination with the seventh aspect, in certain implementations of the seventh aspect, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of second sub-data packets, and the first data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

[0061] In combination with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the first semantic similarity information is carried in the first data packet.

[0062] In combination with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the first semantic similarity information is carried in a General Packet Radio System Tunneling Protocol User GTP-U, and the GTP-U is carried in the first data packet.

[0063] In an eighth aspect, a communication device is provided, which may be a server (or data network), or may be a module (such as a chip) of a server (or data network), or may also be a logical node, logical module, or software of all or part of the functions of a server (or data network). The device includes an interface unit and a processing unit, the processing unit being configured to encode first source information to obtain a third data packet. The interface unit is configured to output first semantic similarity information to a core network element, the first semantic similarity information being configured to indicate the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the third data packet and the first source information.

[0064] It should be understood that the eighth aspect corresponds to the second aspect, and the effects brought about by the technical solution of the eighth aspect can be referred to the second aspect, which will not be elaborated on.

[0065] In combination with the eighth aspect, in certain implementations of the eighth aspect, the first semantic similarity information includes the first semantic similarity and a first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the third data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

[0066] In combination with the eighth aspect, in certain implementations of the eighth aspect, the semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and a second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of second sub-data packets, and the third data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

[0067] In combination with the eighth aspect, in certain implementations of the eighth aspect, the first semantic similarity information is carried in a third data packet.

[0068] In combination with the eighth aspect, in certain implementations of the eighth aspect, the first semantic similarity information is carried in a real-time transport protocol RTP, and the RTP is carried in the third data packet.

[0069] In a ninth aspect, a communication device is provided, which may be a core network element, or a module (such as a chip) of a core network element, or a logical node, logical module or software of all or part of the functions of a core network element. The device includes an interface unit: the interface unit is used to obtain first semantic similarity information from a server, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in a third data packet and the first source information, and the third data packet includes a data packet after the first source information is encoded. The interface unit is also used to output the first semantic similarity information to an access network device.

[0070] It should be understood that the ninth aspect corresponds to the third aspect, and the effects brought about by the technical solution of the ninth aspect can be referred to the third aspect, which will not be elaborated on.

[0071] In combination with the ninth aspect, in certain implementations of the ninth aspect, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the third data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

[0072] In combination with the ninth aspect, in certain implementations of the ninth aspect, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of second sub-data packets, and the third data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

[0073] In combination with the ninth aspect, in certain implementations of the ninth aspect, the first semantic similarity information from the server is carried in a third data packet, and the first semantic similarity information output to the access network device is carried in a first data packet, and the first data packet includes a data packet after the first source information is encoded.

[0074] In combination with the ninth aspect, in certain implementations of the ninth aspect, the first semantic similarity information from the server is carried in RTP, and RTP is carried in the third data packet; the first semantic similarity information output to the access network device is carried in GTP-U, and GTP-U is carried in the first data packet.

[0075] In a tenth aspect, a communication device is provided, which may be an access network device, or a module (such as a chip) of an access network device, or a logical node, logical module, or software that implements all or part of the functions of the access network device. The device includes an interface unit and a processing unit, the interface unit being used to obtain semantic similarity requirement information, the semantic similarity requirement information being used to indicate a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that needs to be met during data transmission, the semantic similarity being the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in a fourth data packet and the second source information, and the fourth data packet including the encoded data packet of the second source information. The processing unit is used to output a fifth data packet according to the semantic similarity requirement information, the data of the fifth data packet being part of the data of the fourth data packet.

[0076] It should be understood that the tenth aspect corresponds to the fourth aspect, and the effects brought about by the technical solution of the tenth aspect can be referred to the fourth aspect, which will not be elaborated on.

[0077] In conjunction with the tenth aspect, in certain implementations of the tenth aspect, the interface unit is further configured to obtain quality of service (QoS) reliability information, where a mapping relationship exists between the QoS reliability information and the semantic similarity requirement information. The processing unit is specifically configured to obtain the semantic similarity requirement information based on the QoS reliability information and the mapping relationship.

[0078] In combination with the tenth aspect, in certain implementations of the tenth aspect, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the data volume during data transmission, or the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the semantic similarity.

[0079] In combination with the tenth aspect, in certain implementations of the tenth aspect, the semantic similarity requirement information is carried in a quality of service (QoS) configuration file.

[0080] In an eleventh aspect, a communication device is provided, which may be a server (or data network), or a module (such as a chip) of a server (or data network), or a logical node, logic module, or software of all or part of the functions of a server (or data network). The device includes a processing unit and an interface unit, wherein the processing unit is used to encode the second source information to obtain a sixth data packet. The interface unit is used to output semantic similarity requirement information, wherein the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that needs to be met during data transmission, wherein the semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the sixth data packet and the second source information.

[0081] It should be understood that the eleventh aspect corresponds to the fifth aspect, and the effects brought about by the technical solution of the eleventh aspect can be referred to the fifth aspect, and will not be elaborated on.

[0082] In conjunction with the eleventh aspect, in certain implementations of the eleventh aspect, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the semantic similarity, or the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the data volume in the data transmission process.

[0083] In a twelfth aspect, a communication device is provided. The device can be a core network element, or a module (such as a chip) of the core network element, or a logical node, logical module, or software of all or part of the functions of the core network element. The device includes an interface unit, which is used to obtain semantic similarity requirement information from a server. The semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that needs to be met during data transmission. The semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in a sixth data packet and the second source information. The sixth data packet includes a data packet after the second source information is encoded. The interface unit is used to output the semantic similarity requirement information.

[0084] It should be understood that the twelfth aspect corresponds to the sixth aspect, and the effects brought about by the technical solution of the twelfth aspect can be referred to the sixth aspect, and will not be elaborated on.

[0085] In conjunction with the twelfth aspect, in certain implementations of the twelfth aspect, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the semantic similarity. Alternatively, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the data volume in the data transmission process.

[0086] In combination with the twelfth aspect, in some implementations of the twelfth aspect, outputting the semantic similarity requirement information includes: outputting the semantic similarity requirement information to a core network element, the semantic similarity requirement information being carried in a data packet detection rule.

[0087] In combination with the twelfth aspect, in certain implementations of the twelfth aspect, outputting the semantic similarity requirement information includes: outputting the semantic similarity requirement information to an access network device, wherein the semantic similarity requirement information is carried in a QoS configuration file.

[0088] In combination with the twelfth aspect, in some implementations of the twelfth aspect, outputting the semantic similarity requirement information includes: sending the semantic similarity requirement information to the terminal device, where the semantic similarity requirement information is carried in the QoS rule.

[0089] In the thirteenth aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising at least two of an access network device, a server, and a core network network element, wherein the access network device is used to execute the method in the first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect, the server is used to execute the method in the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect, and the core network network element is used to execute the method in the third aspect and any possible implementation of the third aspect; or, the access network device is used to execute the method in the fourth aspect and any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the server is used to execute the method in the fifth aspect and any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, and the core network network element is used to execute the method in the sixth aspect and any possible implementation of the sixth aspect.

[0090] In a fourteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a program code for execution by a device, and the program code includes a method for executing any one of the implementation methods of the first to sixth aspects above.

[0091] In a fifteenth aspect, a computer program product comprising instructions is provided, which, when run on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method provided in any one of the implementations of the first to sixth aspects.

[0092] In the sixteenth aspect, a chip is provided, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The processor reads instructions stored in the memory through the communication interface and executes the method provided in any one of the implementation methods of the first to sixth aspects above.

[0093] Optionally, as an implementation method, the chip may also include a memory, in which a computer program or instruction is stored, and the processor is used to execute the computer program or instruction stored in the memory. When the computer program or instruction is executed, the processor is used to execute the method provided in any one of the implementation methods of the first to sixth aspects above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0094] Figures 1 to 3 are schematic diagrams of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0095] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a 5G system based on a QoS architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0096] Figures 5-6 and Figures 8-11 are interactive schematic diagrams of the data transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0097] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a transmission flow of a protocol stack provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0098] 12 and 13 are schematic diagrams of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0099] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a chip system 1400 provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0100] The technical solution in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0101] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following points are explained:

[0102] First, in this application, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their internal logical relationships.

[0103] Second, in this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the text description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b and c can mean: a, or b, or c, or a and b, or a and c, or b and c, or a, b and c. Wherein a, b and c can be single or multiple, respectively.

[0104] Third, throughout this application, the terms "first," "second," and various numerical references (e.g., #1, #2, etc.) are used to distinguish between different data packets for ease of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. For example, they are used to distinguish between different data packets, rather than to describe a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that such references are interchangeable, where appropriate, to enable description of scenarios beyond the embodiments of this application.

[0105] Fourth, in this application, expressions such as "when," "under the circumstances of," and "if" all imply that a corresponding action will be taken under certain objective circumstances. They do not limit the timeframe, do not require a judgment action to be taken when the action is taken, and do not imply any other limitations. Furthermore, the judgment action following these conditional conjunctions does not imply that the judgment action following the conditional conjunctions is the only condition for achieving the result; additional conditions may also be included to achieve the result.

[0106] Fifth, in this application, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses.

[0107] Sixth, in this application, "used to indicate" can include being used for direct indication and being used for indirect indication. When describing that a certain indication information is used to indicate A, it can include that the indication information directly indicates A or indirectly indicates A, and it does not mean that the indication information must carry A.

[0108] The indication methods involved in the embodiments of this application should be understood to encompass various methods that enable the party to be indicated to obtain information to be indicated. The information to be indicated can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information and sent separately. The transmission period and / or timing of these sub-information can be the same or different. This application does not limit the specific transmission method.

[0109] In the embodiments of the present application, the "indication information" may be an explicit indication, i.e., a direct indication via signaling, or may be obtained based on parameters indicated by the signaling, in combination with other rules, other parameters, or by deduction. It may also be an implicit indication, i.e., based on a rule or relationship, or based on other parameters, or by deduction. This application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0110] Seventh, in this application, "protocol" may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communications, such as a 5G protocol, a new radio (NR) protocol, and related protocols used in future communication systems, and this application does not limit this. "Predefined" may include pre-definition. For example, protocol definition. "Preconfiguration" can be implemented by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables, or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device, and this application does not limit its specific implementation method.

[0111] Eighth, in this application, "storage" may refer to storage in one or more memories. The one or more memories may be provided separately or integrated into an encoder or decoder, a processor, or a communication device. The one or more memories may also be partially provided separately and partially integrated into a decoder, a processor, or a communication device. The type of memory may be any form of storage medium and is not limited in this application.

[0112] Ninth, in this application, "sending information to... (access network device)" can be understood as the destination end of the information being the access network device. This can include sending information directly or indirectly to the access network device. "Receiving information from... (access network device)" can be understood as the source end of the information being the access network device, which can include receiving information directly or indirectly from the access network device. The information may undergo necessary processing between the source end and the destination end of the information transmission, such as format changes, etc., but the destination end can understand the valid information from the source end. Similar expressions in this application can be understood similarly and will not be repeated here.

[0113] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system, fifth generation (5G) system or new radio (NR), and future evolved communication systems, such as the future sixth generation mobile communication technology (6G), etc.

[0114] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0115] As shown in Figure 1, the communication system may include a server, a data network (DN), a core network, access network equipment, and user equipment (UE). The following describes each component involved in the communication system. The communication system shown in Figure 1 may also be referred to as a server-user equipment communication network.

[0116] 1. User Equipment: A user equipment may also be called a terminal, an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device. The terminal in the embodiments of the present application can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, an extended reality (XR) terminal (for example, a head-mounted display (XR) glasses), a holographic projector, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal in a 5G network or a terminal in a future evolution network, etc.

[0117] Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices, are a general term for wearable devices that use wearable technology to intelligently design and develop wearable devices for daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not just hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. In a broad sense, wearable smart devices include those that are fully functional, large in size, and can achieve full or partial functions without relying on smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, as well as those that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0118] 2. Access Network Equipment: Access network equipment, also known as access equipment, is a radio access network (R)AN. The (R)AN manages radio resources, provides access services to user devices, and forwards user device data between the user device and the core network. The (R)AN can also be understood as a base station in the network.

[0119] (R)AN can be a cellular system related to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as a 4G or 5G mobile communication system, or a future-oriented evolution system (for example, a 6G mobile communication system). (R)AN can also be an open access network (open RAN, O-RAN or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN) or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system. (R)AN can also be a communication system that is a fusion of two or more of the above systems. (R)AN can also be called an (R)AN node, or other expressions, such as access network equipment. Unless otherwise specified in this application, access network equipment will be used for expression.

[0120] Exemplarily, the access network device in the embodiment of the present application may be any communication device with wireless transceiver functions for communicating with user equipment. The access network equipment includes, but is not limited to, evolved Node B (eNB), radio network controller (RNC), Node B (NB), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), home evolved NodeB (HeNB, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (BBU), access point (AP) in wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, wireless relay node, wireless backhaul node, transmission point (TP) or transmission and reception point (TRP), etc. It can also be a next generation NodeB (gNB) or transmission point (TRP or TP) in 5G, such as NR system, one or a group of antenna panels (including multiple antenna panels) of a base station in 5G system, or a network node constituting a gNB or a transmission point, such as a baseband unit (BBU) or a distributed unit (DPU). unit, DU), etc. It can also be the next generation base station in the sixth generation mobile communication system, the base station in the future mobile communication system, etc. Optionally, the access network device can also be a wearable device, a vehicle or a vehicle-mounted device, etc. For example, the access network device in the vehicle to everything (V2X) technology can be a road side unit (RSU). It can be understood that all or part of the functions of the access network device in this application can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (such as a cloud platform). The method performed by the access network device in this application can also be implemented by a logical node, a logical module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the access network device.

[0121] In some deployments, multiple access network devices collaborate to assist user equipment in achieving wireless access, with different access network devices implementing portions of the base station's functionality. For example, an access network device can be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). The CU and DU can be separate devices or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The radio unit RU can be included in a radio frequency device or radio unit, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH). The CU implements portions of the access network device's functionality, while the DU implements portions of the access network device's functionality. For example, the CU is responsible for processing non-real-time protocols and services and implementing the functions of the radio resource control (RRC) and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layers. The DU is responsible for processing physical layer protocols and real-time services, and realizing the functions of the radio link control (RLC) layer, the media access control (MAC) layer, and the physical (PHY) layer. The AAU implements some physical layer processing functions, radio frequency processing, and related functions of active antennas. The information of the RRC layer is generated by the CU, and will eventually be encapsulated by the PHY layer of the DU to become PHY layer information, or converted from PHY layer information. Therefore, under this architecture, high-level signaling such as RRC layer signaling can also be considered to be sent by the DU, or by the DU+AAU. It can be understood that the access network device can be a device including one or more of the CU node, DU node, and AAU node. In addition, the CU can be divided into an access network device in the access network RAN, or the CU can be divided into an access network device in the core network (CN), and this application does not limit this.

[0122] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU or RU may also have different names, but those skilled in the art can understand their meanings. For example, in the ORAN system, CU may also be called O-CU (Open CU), DU may also be called O-DU, CU-CP may also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP may also be called O-CU-UP, and RU may also be called O-RU. For the convenience of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU and RU as examples for description. Any unit of CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU and RU in this application can be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0123] 3. Data Network (DN): Provides services such as operator services, Internet access, or third-party services, including servers that implement video source encoding and rendering.

[0124] 4. Core Network: This refers to the equipment within the core network (CN) that provides service support for terminals. The core network performs three major functions: registration, connection, and session management. Currently, some examples of core network equipment include application network elements, network exposure network elements, policy control network elements, session management network elements, access management network elements, and user plane network elements. These network elements within the core network are described in detail below.

[0125] Application network element: In the 5G communication system, the application network element can be an application function (AF) network element, which represents the application function of a third party or operator. It is the interface for the 5G network to obtain external application data and is mainly used to convey the requirements of the application side to the network side.

[0126] Network open network element: In the long term evolution (LTE) communication system, the network open network element may be a service capability exposure function (SCEF) network element. In the 5G communication system, the network open network element may be a network element function (NEF) network element, which is mainly used to expose the services and capabilities of the 3GPP network function to the AF, and also allows the AF to provide information to the 3GPP network function.

[0127] Session management network element: It is mainly used for session management, allocation and management of Internet protocol (IP) addresses for user equipment, selection of endpoints for manageable user plane functions, policy control and charging function interfaces, and downlink data notification. In LTE communication systems, the session management network element can be a serving gateway control plane (SGW-C) or a packet data network gateway control plane (PGW-C), or a network element that combines SGW-C and PGW-C. In 5G communication systems, the session management network element can be a session management function (SMF) network element, which completes terminal IP address allocation, UPF selection, and billing and QoS policy control.

[0128] Access management network element: It is mainly used for mobility management and access management, and can be used to implement other functions of the mobility management entity (MME) in addition to session management, such as lawful interception and access authorization / authentication. In the LTE communication system, the access management network element can be an MME network element. In the 5G communication system, the access management network element can be an access and mobility management function (AMF), which mainly performs functions such as mobility management and access authentication / authorization. In addition, it is also responsible for transmitting user policies between the terminal and the policy control function (PCF) network element.

[0129] Policy control network element: includes user subscription data management function, policy control function, charging policy control function, quality of service (QoS) control, etc., a unified policy framework for guiding network behavior, and providing policy rule information for control plane function network elements (such as AMF, SMF network elements, etc.). In the LTE communication system, the policy control network element can be a policy control and charging function (PCRF). In the 5G communication system, the policy control network element can be a PCF network element. In the 5G communication system, the application network element can be a network slice selection function (NSSF) network element.

[0130] User plane network element: Serves as the interface with the data network, performing functions such as user plane data forwarding, session / flow-level billing and statistics, and bandwidth limiting. This includes packet routing and forwarding, as well as quality of service (QoS) processing for user plane data. In LTE communication systems, this user plane network element can be the serving gateway user plane (SGW-U), the packet data network gateway user plane (PGW-U), or a combination of the SGW-U and PGW-U. In 5G communication systems, this user plane network element can be the user plane function (UPF) network element.

[0131] In future communication systems, such as 6G communication systems, the above-mentioned network elements or devices may still use their names in 4G or 5G communication systems, or may have other names, and this is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. The functions of the above-mentioned network elements or devices may be completed by an independent network element or by several network elements. In actual deployment, the network elements in the core network may be deployed on the same or different physical devices. For example, as a possible deployment, AMF and SMF may be deployed on the same physical device. For another example, the network elements of the 5G core network may be deployed on the same physical device as the network elements of the 4G core network. This is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0132] It is understood that Figure 1 is only an example and does not limit the scope of protection of this application. The data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application may also involve network elements not shown in Figure 1. Of course, the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present application may also include only some of the network elements shown in Figure 1.

[0133] As shown in Figure 1, in the core network, the application network element and the network open network element are connected via the N33 interface, the application network element and the policy control network element are connected via the N5 interface, the policy control network element and the session management network element are connected via the N7 interface, the session management network element and the access management network element are connected via the N11 interface, the session management network element and the user plane network element are connected via the N4 interface, and the user plane network element and the data network are connected via the N6 interface. In the communication system shown in Figure 1, the data network may include a server, and the data network or the server is connected to the user plane network element via the N6 interface. The user plane network element is connected to the access network device via the N3 interface, and the access network device is connected to the user equipment via the Uu interface.

[0134] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0135] As shown in Figure 2, the communication system includes user device #1, access network device #1, user plane network element, access network device #2, and user device #2. This communication system can also be referred to as an end-to-end communication network. For example, in the Tactile Internet, user device #1 is the interface between the tactile user in the primary domain and the artificial system, while user device #2 is the remote-controlled robot or remote operator in the controlled domain. The primary domain receives audio / video feedback signals from the controlled domain. The primary and controlled domains are connected via a bidirectional communication link on the network domain, using various command and feedback signals, thus forming a global control loop.

[0136] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0137] As shown in Figure 3, the communication system includes a server, a fixed network, a Wi-Fi router (or Wi-Fi access point; or set-top box), and user devices. The cloud server transmits large amounts of media data (such as XR data) or ordinary video data to the user device via the fixed network and Wi-Fi router.

[0138] It should be understood that the above-mentioned communication system architecture diagram is only an example, and the network architecture applicable to the embodiments of the present application is not limited thereto. Any network architecture that can realize the functions of the above-mentioned various network elements is applicable to the embodiments of the present application. The following mainly uses the communication system shown in Figure 1 as an example for detailed description.

[0139] In order to facilitate understanding of the solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below.

[0140] 1. Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

[0141] 2.PDU set

[0142] The collection of multiple data packets at the transport layer corresponds to the minimum granularity of data processing at the application layer. For example, for XR services, the minimum granularity of data processing is the PDU set. In some application scenarios, the application layer can only correctly parse the corresponding data unit after correctly receiving all packets in a PDU set. In other application scenarios, the application layer can only parse the corresponding data unit after correctly receiving a certain percentage of packets in the PDU set.

[0143] 3. Quality of Service (QoS)

[0144] Quality of Service (QoS) refers to a technology used to address issues such as network latency and congestion. When network congestion occurs, data may be discarded. To meet user requirements for different QoS for different applications, the network must be able to allocate and schedule resources based on user requirements, providing different QoS for different data types. Currently, 5G QoS assurance mechanisms include support for guaranteed bit rate (GBR) QoS flows and non-GBR QoS flows, as well as inferred QoS.

[0145] 4. QoS flow

[0146] The 5G system forwards and processes data based on the granularity of QoS flows and guarantees its QoS.

[0147] The 5G core network establishes one or more protocol data unit sessions (PDU sessions) for a UE. A QoS flow is a data flow with the same source and destination addresses and the same QoS requirements within a PDU session. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a 5G system based on a QoS architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, a PDU session is established between the UE and the UPF, a radio bearer is established between the UE and the NB, and a core network tunnel is established between the NB and the UPF. The PDU session includes multiple QoS flows, including a first QoS flow, a second QoS flow, and the like.

[0148] For downlink, 5GC identifies the characteristics of data packets, including the source Internet Protocol (IP) address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port number, and transport layer protocol number, and maps data packets with the same characteristics to the same QoS flow. It also carries a QoS flow identifier (QFI) in the packet header to identify which QoS flow the packet belongs to. For uplink, 5GC can explicitly or implicitly configure the mapping relationship between the above data packet characteristics and QoS flows to the UE, which then maps the uplink data to be transmitted to different QoS flows.

[0149] Data from different QoS flows are transmitted independently in the 5G system. For a QoS flow, the 5GC sends its QoS profile to the (R)AN to indicate its QoS requirements, such as the packet delay budget (PDB) and packet error rate (PER), which represent the expected quality of service when the data of this QoS flow is transmitted in the 5G system. The PDB represents the upper limit of the transmission delay of data packets between the core network and the UE. Data packets that are not correctly transmitted within the PDB are considered timed out. The PER represents the upper limit of the packet error rate during the transmission of the QoS flow, that is, the percentage of data packets that are processed by the sender but not correctly received by the receiver. Specifically, the core network and the UE can be understood as, for downlink behavior, from the core network's UPF to the UE; for uplink behavior, from the UE to the core network's UPF.

[0150] A PDU session can include multiple QoS flows, and the QFIs of the QoS flows are different. In a PDU session, user-plane service flows with the same QFI use the same service forwarding processing method (such as scheduling). For a PDU session, the (R)AN will establish one or more data radio bearers (DRBs) for it and map a QoS flow to these DRBs for air interface transmission. Multiple QoS flows can be mapped to one DRB, but a QoS flow cannot be mapped to multiple DRBs. Usually, QoS flows with the same or similar QoS requirements will be mapped to the same DRB, thereby providing the same QoS guarantee on the air interface.

[0151] In 5G communication systems, QoS flows are controlled by the SMF network element in the core network. QoS flows can be pre-configured or established and modified through PDU sessions. A QoS flow configuration consists of three parts: a QoS profile on the (R)AN side, QoS rules on the UE side, and packet detection rules (PDR) on the UPF side.

[0152] (R) AN-side QoS profile: Whether a QoS flow supports guaranteed bit rate (GBR) or non-guaranteed bit rate (Non-GBR) depends on the QoS profile of the QoS flow. The QoS parameters included in the QoS profile are as follows:

[0153] 1) The QoS profile of a QoS flow includes QoS parameters: 5G quality identity (5QI) and allocation and retention priority (ARP). 5QI indicates that the QoS flow has wireless characteristics. ARP indicates the priority of the QoS flow on the NG interface and can be applied between different UEs or between QoS flows within a UE. For example, 5QI parameters may include PDB, PER, and maximum data burst volume (MDBV), etc. MDBV indicates the maximum amount of data that can be provided.

[0154] 2) A QoS profile for a Non-GBR QoS flow may also include QoS parameters: reflective QoS attribute (RQA). RQA indicates whether the upstream is subject to mirror mapping.

[0155] 3) The QoS profile for a GBR QoS flow may also include QoS parameters: guaranteed flow bit rate (GFBR) and maximum flow bit rate (MFBR). GFBR represents the guaranteed data rate, including both uplink and downlink data transmission. MFBR represents the maximum data rate, including both uplink and downlink data transmission.

[0156] 4) The QoS profile for a GBR QoS flow may also include QoS parameters: notification control and maximum packet loss rate (MPLR). Notification control indicates whether the base station reports to the 5G core network when QoS cannot be met. MPLR indicates the maximum packet loss rate that a QoS flow can tolerate.

[0157] The (R)AN can obtain the QoS profile in the following ways: the core network can send the QoS profile to the (R)AN via the SMF and AMF using the N2 interface. Alternatively, the QoS profile can be pre-configured in the (R)AN.

[0158] QoS rules on the UE side: QoS rules include information indicating whether the QoS rule is the default QoS rule, a QoS rule identifier (QRI), a QFI, and a precedence value. Optionally, QoS rules may also include a packet filter set. The QRI represents domain identification information, which is used for traffic detection and routing on the UPF side. The precedence value is used to determine the order in which QoS rules are evaluated. QoS rules are evaluated in ascending order of priority value.

[0159] The UE can obtain QoS rules in the following ways: the core network can send QoS rules to the UE via the SMF and AMF using the N1 interface. Alternatively, the UE can derive the rules through the reflective QoS mechanism.

[0160] PDR on the UPF side: For different PDU sessions, the parameter information included in the PDR is different.

[0161] For IPv4 or IPv6 or IPv4v6 PDU sessions, the PDR may include the following parameter information: core network tunnel information (CN tunnel info), network instance (network instance), QFI, IP packet filter set (IP packet filter set), and application identifier (application identifier). Among them, the core network tunnel information represents the core network address of the N3 / N9 tunnel corresponding to the PDU session. The network instance represents the domain identification information, which is used for traffic detection and routing on the UPF side. QFI represents the identification information of the QoS flow. The IP packet filter set includes a series of parameters related to IP packet filtering. The application identifier represents the index of the application detection rule set configured in the UPF.

[0162] For an Ethernet PDU session, the PDR may include the following information: core network tunnel information, network instance, QFI, and Ethernet packet filter set. The Ethernet packet filter set includes a series of parameters related to Ethernet packet filtering.

[0163] Semantic communication is a technology that uses semantics to represent and transmit information. It addresses the expression and transmission of information at the semantic level, partially or fully shifting the understanding of the information's meaning to the transmitter. Unlike traditional communication, which requires every bit to be transmitted correctly and every pixel in the transmitted image frame to be distortion-free, semantic communication transmits semantic information. For example, the transmitter does not need to transmit every pixel of the source image. Instead, it semantically encodes the desired source image to obtain semantic information and transmits this semantic information to the receiver, which can then reconstruct the image based on this semantic information. With semantic communication, the receiver does not need to have completely accurate pixels; only semantic accuracy is required to restore the image. Alternatively, the receiver can recover a semantically sound image with only a fraction of the bits. Semantic communication can reduce transmission volume, thereby reducing bandwidth requirements.

[0164] Semantic communication is expected to find widespread application in the future 6G communication system and the metaverse era, including holographic communication, extended reality, and cloud gaming. Specifically, semantic communication can enable conversational video in face-based scenarios and has already been applied in the Safe Village Network.

[0165] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a semantic communication transmission architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, the semantic library of the semantic communication system can generally include a semantic source encoding module, a semantic source decoding module, and data or models that are helpful to the encoding and decoding module. First, the sending end inputs the source image data into the semantic source encoding module and the channel encoding module in sequence, thereby extracting semantic information related to the receiving end task. Secondly, the sending end transmits the semantic information to the receiving end. Finally, the receiving end inputs the semantic information into the channel decoding module and the semantic source decoding module in sequence, thereby obtaining a restored image. Among them, the encoding method of the semantic source encoding module of the sending end corresponds to the decoding method of the semantic source decoding module of the receiving end, and the semantic source encoding module and the semantic source decoding module can be obtained through training of an artificial intelligence algorithm, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present application.

[0166] If the current communication system, which uses 5QI parameters to ensure data transmission based on feature streams, is applied to semantic communication, there may be a problem of low transmission efficiency due to the different requirements for semantic communication in different scenarios and tasks.

[0167] For example, for license plate recognition tasks, if the current 5QI parameters are used to ensure the transmission of image data, then the transmission requirements for the license plate image data packet are higher, and the receiver cannot recover the data, and the sender needs to resend the data packet, which will cause the data transmission efficiency to be low. For example, when the packet loss rate and packet delay budget of the license plate image data packet exceed the preset threshold, the receiver cannot recover the data. However, these requirements are not specific to the license plate recognition task. Obviously, for the license plate recognition task, when information is transmitted through semantic communication, the main goal of the receiver is not to restore a high-definition license plate image, but to clearly identify the license plate number in the image.

[0168] For example, different tasks may require different image data restoration requirements. Some tasks may only require restoration of a portion of an image's region of interest, while others clearly require restoration of the entire image. These differences in image data restoration requirements make it clear that the current 5QI parameters, which guarantee feature-stream-based image data transmission, cannot meet the requirements of these diverse tasks. Consequently, this can lead to low data transmission efficiency.

[0169] Therefore, in order to address the above-mentioned problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method and apparatus, which will be described in detail below in conjunction with Figures 5 to 14.

[0170] Figure 5 is an interactive diagram of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application. It can be understood that the present application uses a server (or data network), a core network element, an access network device, and a terminal device as examples of the execution subjects of the interactive diagram to illustrate the corresponding method, but the present application does not limit the execution subjects of the interactive diagram. For example, the method implemented by the server (or data network) can also be implemented by a module of the server (or data network) (such as a chip, a chip system, or a processor), or by a logical node, a logical module, or software that can implement all or part of the server (or data network) functions. The method implemented by the core network element can also be implemented by a module of the core network element (such as a chip, a chip system, or a processor), or by a logical node, a logical module, or software that can implement all or part of the core network element functions. The method implemented by the access network device can also be implemented by a module of the access network device (such as a chip, a chip system, or a processor), or by a logical node, a logical module, or software that can implement all or part of the access network device functions. The method implemented by the terminal device can also be implemented by a module of the terminal device (such as a chip, a chip system or a processor), or by a logical node, a logical module or software that can implement all or part of the terminal device functions.

[0171] S510, the core network network element outputs first semantic similarity information to the access network device, and the access network device obtains the first semantic similarity information from the core network network element. The first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the first data packet and the first source information. The first data packet includes a data packet after the first source information is encoded.

[0172] The first semantic similarity information may also be understood as the contribution degree of different sub-data packets in the first data packet to the semantic similarity corresponding to the first task.

[0173] It should be understood that the first data packet may include at least one sub-data packet. The first data packet may be a PDU set, and the sub-data packet may be a PDU in the PDU set. The number of the first data packets may be one or more, and this embodiment of the application does not limit this.

[0174] Specifically, the core network element sends the first semantic similarity information to the access network device, and the access network device receives the first semantic similarity information from the core network element. Alternatively, the core network element outputs the first semantic similarity information to the fourth module via the third module of the access network device, and the fourth module of the access network device obtains the first semantic similarity information of the core network element from the third module.

[0175] As a possible implementation, the first semantic similarity information is carried in the first data packet. Alternatively, the first semantic similarity information may also be carried in an independent message, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0176] Optionally, when the first semantic similarity information is carried in the third data packet, the core network element extracts the first semantic similarity information from the third data packet into the first data packet.

[0177] Specifically, the first semantic similarity information is carried in a General Packet Radio System Tunneling Protocol User (GTP-U), and the GTP-U is carried in the first data packet.

[0178] In other words, the access network device receives a first data packet from a core network element, where the first data packet includes a GTP-U, and the GTP-U includes first semantic similarity information.

[0179] S520: Output a second data packet to the terminal device according to the first semantic similarity information, where the data of the second data packet is part of the data of the first data packet.

[0180] Specifically, the access network device sends the second data packet to the terminal device according to the first semantic similarity information, or the fifth module of the access network device outputs the second data packet to the terminal device through the sixth module according to the first semantic similarity information.

[0181] It should be understood that the process of the access network device determining the second data packet according to the first semantic similarity information will be described in detail in FIG. 6 below.

[0182] In the above technical solution, the access network device can obtain an optimized second data packet based on the first semantic similarity information, thereby reducing data pressure on the air interface and improving transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication. For example, for license plate recognition tasks, the access network device's goal when transmitting data to the terminal device is not to restore a high-definition image. By using the first semantic similarity information, the access network device can reduce the amount of data transmitted on the air interface, thereby improving transmission efficiency in semantic communication.

[0183] Before step S510, the following steps may be performed.

[0184] S530, optionally, the server or the data network encodes the first source information to obtain a third data packet.

[0185] It should be understood that the first source information is information corresponding to the first task. For example, the first source information may be source image information corresponding to the license plate recognition task.

[0186] It should be understood that the third data packet may include at least one sub-data packet. The third data packet may be a PDU set, and the sub-data packet may be a PDU in the PDU set. The number of the third data packets may be one or more, and this embodiment of the application does not limit this.

[0187] S540, optionally, the server or data network outputs first semantic similarity information to the core network network element, and the core network network element obtains the first semantic similarity information from the server or data network, wherein the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the third data packet and the first source information.

[0188] Specifically, the server or the data network sends the first semantic similarity information to the core network element, and the core network element receives the first semantic similarity information from the server or the data network.

[0189] Optionally, the server or the data network outputs the first semantic similarity information to the second module through the first module of the core network element, and the second module of the core network element obtains the first semantic similarity information from the server from the first module.

[0190] As a possible implementation manner, the first semantic similarity information is carried in the third data packet, or the first semantic similarity information can be carried in an independent message.

[0191] It should be understood that the core network element may include a user plane element, for example, a UPF element of the core network in a 5G system, or a network element used for data transmission in the core network of a future communication system, without limitation.

[0192] FIG6 is an interactive schematic diagram of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0193] S601: A user plane network element sends a first data packet to an access network device, and the access network device receives the first data packet from the user plane network element, wherein the first data packet includes first semantic similarity information.

[0194] Specifically, the first semantic similarity information may be carried in a general packet radio system tunneling protocol user (GTP-U), and the first data packet includes the GTP-U. For example, the first semantic similarity information may be carried in an extended header field of the GTP-U.

[0195] The first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the first data packet and the first source information, and the first data packet includes a data packet after the first source information is encoded.

[0196] In other words, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the importance of the sub-data packet in the first data packet.

[0197] As a possible implementation manner, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the first data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

[0198] The first semantic similarity may be understood as the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to the first sub-data packet and the first source information. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of first sub-data packets.

[0199] It should be understood that the number of the first semantic similarities may be one or more, and at least one first sub-data packet in the first data packet may correspond to a different first semantic similarity.

[0200] Specifically, the first sub-packet of the first semantic similarity is indicated by the number of the first sub-packet (e.g., identification information of the first sub-packet). For example, when the type of the first sub-packet is a PDU, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the first semantic similarity and at least one PDU corresponding to the first semantic similarity (e.g., identification information of the PDU).

[0201] For example, assuming that the first data packet after encoding the first source information includes N first sub-data packets, where N is a positive integer, and each first sub-data packet has a corresponding first semantic similarity, as shown in Table 1, taking the type of the first sub-data packet as PDU as an example.

[0202] Table 1

[0203] As shown in Table 1, after the first sub-packet PDU#0 is transmitted, data decoding (or data recovery) is performed on PDU#0, and the first semantic similarity between the first decoded information #0 and the first source information is X1%. After the first sub-packet PDU#1 is transmitted, data recovery is performed on PDU#1, and the first semantic similarity between the first decoded information #1 and the first source information is X2%. Similarly, each first sub-packet can have a corresponding first semantic similarity.

[0204] It should be understood that the above example may be a one-dimensional representation of the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet.

[0205] For another example, assuming that the first data packet after encoding the first source information includes N first sub-data packets, where N is a positive integer, and two first sub-data packets have corresponding first semantic similarities, as shown in Table 2, taking the type of the first sub-data packet as PDU as an example.

[0206] Table 2

[0207] As shown in Table 2, after the first sub-data packets PDU#0 and PDU#1 are sequentially transmitted, data decoding (or data recovery) is performed on PDU#0 and PDU#1. The first semantic similarity between the obtained first decoded information #2 and the first source information is X10%. X10 and X01 in Table 2 are the same. Similarly, every two first sub-data packets can have a corresponding first semantic similarity.

[0208] It should be understood that the above example may be a two-dimensional representation of the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet.

[0209] For another example, assuming that the first data packet after semantic encoding of the first source information includes N first sub-data packets, and the three first sub-data packets have corresponding first semantic similarities, as shown in Table 3, the type of the first sub-data packet is PDU.

[0210] Table 3

[0211] As shown in Table 3, after the first sub-data packets PDU#0, PDU#1, and PDU#2 are sequentially transmitted, data decoding (or data recovery) is performed on PDU#0, PDU#1, and PDU#2. The first semantic similarity between the obtained first decoded information #3 and the first source information is X120%. X120, X021, and X012 in Table 3 are the same. Similarly, all three first sub-data packets can have corresponding first semantic similarities.

[0212] It should be understood that the above example may be a three-dimensional representation of the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet. The first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet may also have a higher-dimensional representation, which will not be described in detail here.

[0213] It should also be understood that the first semantic similarity included in the first semantic similarity information may include specific information of any of the above-mentioned individual dimensions, or the first semantic similarity may also include specific information of a combination of multiple dimensions. For example, the first semantic similarity information may include the first semantic similarity corresponding to one first sub-data packet and the first semantic similarity corresponding to two first sub-data packets.

[0214] As a possible implementation manner, the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of second sub-data packets, and the first data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

[0215] Specifically, the second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of the second sub-data packets indicated by the first semantic similarity information can be reflected by a correlation relationship between the number of the second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity.

[0216] The first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets. Specifically, for example, the PDU frame header carries identification information of the PDU set, and the identification information of the PDU set is used to indicate the PDU set to which the PDU belongs. PDUs belonging to the same PDU set have the same PDU set identification information, and thus the number of PDUs can be obtained. Specifically, for another example, the PDU set frame header carries information about the number of PDUs included in the PDU set, and thus the number of PDUs can be obtained.

[0217] It should be understood that the correlation between the second semantic similarity and the number of second word data packets may be a positive correlation function.

[0218] Exemplarily, the number of the second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity may follow a uniform distribution.

[0219] For example, if the first source information is a frame, the semantically encoded first data packet of the first source information is split into 10 second sub-data packets, which can be 10 PDUs. After successfully transmitting one PDU, the second semantic similarity increases by 1 / 10. In other words, each PDU contributes the same amount to the increase in the second semantic similarity.

[0220] For example, the number of the second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity may follow a logarithmic distribution, and the slope of the functional relationship between the first semantic similarity and the number of the second sub-data packets decreases from large to small.

[0221] For example, if the first source information is a frame, the semantically encoded first data packet of the first source information is divided into 10 second sub-data packets, which can be 10 PDUs. The second semantic similarity between the second decoded information obtained based on the first 5 PDUs and the first source information is relatively high, and the contribution of later PDUs to the increase in the second semantic similarity is smaller.

[0222] It should be understood that the above-mentioned association relationship between the second semantic similarity and the number of second sub-data packets is merely an example, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific form of the association relationship.

[0223] S602: The access network device sends a second data packet to the terminal device. The terminal device receives the second data packet. The data in the second data packet is part of the first data packet.

[0224] Before step S602 , the following steps may be performed.

[0225] S603, optionally, the access network device optimizes the first data packet according to the first semantic similarity information to obtain a second data packet, where data of the second data packet is part of the data of the first data packet.

[0226] As a possible implementation manner, the access network device uses the first sub-data packet corresponding to the highest first semantic similarity in the first semantic similarity information as the second data packet.

[0227] Specifically, the access network device uses M first sub-data packets corresponding to the first semantic similarity in the first semantic similarity information as the second data packet, where M is a positive integer.

[0228] Exemplarily, the first data packet includes 3 PDUs, and the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to PDU#0 and the first source information is higher than the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to PDU#1 and PDU#2 and the first source information respectively. That is, under poor channel conditions, PDU#1 and PDU#2 are discarded, and PDU#0 is used as the second data packet.

[0229] Exemplarily, the first data packet includes 3 PDUs, the similarity between the decoding information corresponding to PDU#0 and PDU#1 and the first source information is higher than the similarity between the decoding information corresponding to PDU#0 and PDU#2 and the first source information, PDU#2 is discarded, and PDU#0 and PDU#1 are used as the second data packet.

[0230] Optionally, the access network device obtains a semantic similarity threshold according to a task type of the first task, and the first data packet is a data packet corresponding to the first task.

[0231] As a possible implementation method, when the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, the access network device determines the first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity when the first semantic similarity is greater than or equal to the semantic similarity threshold as the second data packet.

[0232] For example, the first semantic similarity is as shown in Table 2. When the network is congested, the access network device discards the first sub-packet PDU#2 in the first data packet if the first semantic similarity X10% is greater than the semantic similarity threshold, and obtains a second data packet.

[0233] As a possible implementation method, when the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity corresponding to the second sub-data packets, the access network device can obtain the second semantic similarity based on the association relationship between the second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity and the number of the second sub-data packets, and determine the second sub-data packet corresponding to the second semantic similarity when the second semantic similarity is greater than or equal to the semantic similarity threshold as the second data packet.

[0234] Before step S601 , the following steps may be included.

[0235] S604, optionally, the server or the data network encodes the first source information to obtain a third data packet, where the third data packet includes the first semantic similarity information.

[0236] In other words, the first semantic similarity information may be carried in the third data packet.

[0237] Specifically, the server encapsulates the first semantic similarity information, for example, in the transport layer, such as the extended header field of the IPv4 or IPv6 protocol, or the protocol layer of the real-time transport protocol (RTP), such as the extended header of RTP, or in a newly defined protocol layer between the user datagram protocol (UDP) and the RTP protocol layer, and then passes it to the user plane network element of the core network through the N6 interface along with the third data packet.

[0238] S605, optionally, the server or the data network generates first semantic similarity information.

[0239] Specifically, the server or data network obtains first encoded information corresponding to at least one first sub-data packet, generates a first semantic similarity based on the first encoded information and the first source information, and indicates the first semantic similarity and the first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity.

[0240] It should be understood that since the first encoded information and the first decoded information correspond to each other, the first semantic similarity obtained by the first encoded information and the first source information can be used to indicate the similarity between the first decoded information and the first source information.

[0241] Specifically, the server or data network obtains second encoded information corresponding to at least one second sub-data packet. A second semantic similarity is generated based on the second encoded information and the first source information. The first semantic similarity information indicates the number of second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of second sub-data packets.

[0242] It should be understood that since the second encoded information and the second decoded information correspond to each other, the second semantic similarity obtained by the second encoded information and the first source information can be used to indicate the similarity between the second decoded information and the first source information.

[0243] S606, optionally, the server or the data network sends a third data packet to the user plane network element, the user plane network element receives the third data packet from the server or the data network, and the user plane network element obtains the third data packet from the server or the data network.

[0244] The third data packet includes the first semantic similarity information and includes the first sub-data packet or the second sub-data packet.

[0245] For example, the server or the data network may send the third data packet to the user plane network element of the core network through the N6 interface.

[0246] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a transmission flow of a protocol stack provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0247] The data transmission process of the above S606, S601 and S602 will be explained below with reference to Figures 1 and 7. First, the first semantic similarity information will be carried in the first data packet and transmitted to the user plane network element through the N6 interface. Specifically, as shown in Figure 7, the first semantic similarity information is encapsulated in the UDP protocol layer of the transport layer and transmitted to the user plane network element through the N6 interface with the first data packet. Secondly, the first semantic information is carried in the first data packet and transmitted to the access network device through the N3 interface. Specifically, as shown in Figure 7, the first semantic similarity information is encapsulated in the extended header field of GTP-U and transmitted to the first data packet through the N3 interface. Finally, the access network device transmits the optimized second data packet to the terminal device through the Uu interface.

[0248] FIG8 is an interactive schematic diagram of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0249] S810: The core network element transmits semantic similarity requirement information.

[0250] As a possible implementation manner, S810a, the core network element outputs semantic similarity requirement information to the access network device, and the access network device obtains the semantic similarity requirement information from the core network element.

[0251] Specifically, the core network element sends semantic similarity requirement information to the access network device, and the access network device receives the semantic similarity requirement information from the core network element. Alternatively, the core network element outputs the semantic similarity requirement information to the fourth module via the third module of the access network device, and the fourth module of the access network device obtains the semantic similarity requirement information of the core network element from the third module.

[0252] Specifically, the semantic similarity requirement information may be carried in a QoS configuration file.

[0253] Optionally, the core network element outputs quality of service (QoS) reliability information to the access network device, and the access network device obtains the QoS reliability information from the core network element. A mapping relationship exists between the QoS reliability information and the semantic similarity requirement information. The access network device obtains the semantic similarity requirement information based on the mapping relationship and the QoS reliability information.

[0254] As a possible implementation manner, S810b, the core network element outputs semantic similarity requirement information to the terminal device, and the terminal device obtains the semantic similarity requirement information from the core network element.

[0255] Specifically, the core network element sends semantic similarity requirement information to the terminal device, and the terminal device receives the semantic similarity requirement information from the core network element. Alternatively, the core network element outputs the semantic similarity requirement information to the eighth module via the seventh module of the terminal device, and the eighth module of the access network device obtains the semantic similarity requirement information from the core network element from the seventh module.

[0256] Specifically, the semantic similarity requirement information can be carried in the QoS rules.

[0257] During the data transmission process, S820, the access network device outputs the fifth data packet to the terminal device based on the semantic similarity requirement information, and the data of the fifth data packet is part of the data of the fourth data packet, wherein the fourth data packet includes the encoded data of the second source information, and the fourth data packet comes from the core network network element.

[0258] As a possible implementation manner, the access network device optimizes the fourth data packet according to the semantic similarity requirement information to obtain the fifth data packet, and the access network device outputs the fifth data packet to the terminal device.

[0259] Specifically, the access network device sends the fifth data packet to the terminal device according to the semantic similarity requirement information, or the fifth module of the access network device outputs the fifth data packet to the terminal device through the sixth module according to the semantic similarity requirement information.

[0260] It should be understood that the process of the access network device determining the fifth data packet according to the semantic similarity requirement information will be described in detail in FIG. 9 below.

[0261] In the above technical solution, the access network device uses the semantic similarity requirement information to obtain an optimized fifth data packet, thereby reducing data pressure on the air interface side and improving transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication. Furthermore, the semantic similarity requirement information is only task-related, has a low update frequency, and reduces signaling overhead. For example, the second task may be a license plate recognition task, which only requires clear identification of the numbers in the image and does not require the restoration of all pixels in the image. Therefore, the data volume corresponding to the lower limit condition indicated by the semantic similarity requirement information determined by the server based on the vehicle recognition task is much smaller than that of ordinary image transmission. For another example, when the second task is implemented by a machine, the machine only focuses on the interesting portion of the image and does not have excessive requirements for the overall image restoration. Therefore, the data volume corresponding to the lower limit condition indicated by the semantic similarity requirement information determined by the server based on the implementation target being a machine is much smaller than that of ordinary image transmission.

[0262] Before step S810, the following steps may be included.

[0263] S830, optionally, the server or the data network encodes the second source information to obtain a sixth data packet.

[0264] It should be understood that the detailed explanation of S830 can refer to S530 and will not be repeated here.

[0265] S840. Optionally, the server or data network outputs semantic similarity requirement information to the core network network element, and the core network network element obtains the semantic similarity requirement information from the server or data network, wherein the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that needs to be met during data transmission, and the semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the sixth data packet and the second source information, and the sixth data packet includes a data packet after the second source information is encoded.

[0266] Specifically, the server or the data network sends the semantic similarity requirement information to the core network element, and the core network element receives the semantic similarity requirement information from the server or the data network.

[0267] Optionally, the server or data network outputs the semantic similarity requirement information to the second module through the first module of the core network network element, and the second module of the core network network element obtains the semantic similarity requirement information from the server or data network from the first module.

[0268] It should be understood that the core network network elements may include control network elements, for example, the SMF network elements of the core network in the 5G system, or the network elements used for session management in the core network in the future communication system, without limitation.

[0269] As a possible implementation manner, the lower limit condition related to semantic similarity can be used to indicate a lower limit value of semantic similarity, or can also be used to indicate a lower limit value of the data amount during data transmission.

[0270] Figure 9 is an interactive diagram of another data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The core network elements in Figure 9 may include control network elements and user plane network elements. It should be understood that the "output" and "acquisition" of information between different devices in Figure 9 are illustrated by "sending" and "receiving" respectively.

[0271] S901 : The control network element sends semantic similarity requirement information. The semantic similarity requirement information is a new QoS feature when establishing a PDU session.

[0272] As a possible implementation manner, the semantic similarity requirement information may be used to indicate a lower limit value of the semantic similarity.

[0273] As a possible implementation manner, the semantic similarity requirement information can be used to indicate a lower limit value of the data volume during data transmission.

[0274] Specifically, the semantic similarity requirement information may be used to indicate a lower limit value of the number of PDUs during data transmission, or may be used to indicate a lower limit value of the number of PDUs in a PDU set during data transmission.

[0275] As a possible implementation manner, S901a, the control network element sends semantic similarity requirement information to the user plane network element.

[0276] Specifically, the session management network element may send a PDR to the user plane network element via an N4 interface, where the PDR includes semantic similarity demand information.

[0277] For example, for an IPv4 or IPv6 or IPv4v6 PDU session, the parameter information included in the PDR may include semantic similarity requirement information in addition to the relevant parameter information mentioned above for the QoS flow.

[0278] For another example, for an Ethernet PDU session, the parameter information included in the PDR may include semantic similarity requirement information in addition to the relevant parameter information mentioned above for the QoS flow.

[0279] As a possible implementation manner, S901b, the control network element sends semantic similarity requirement information to the access network device.

[0280] Specifically, the access management network element may send QoS configuration information to the access network device through the N2 interface, where the QoS configuration information includes semantic similarity requirement information.

[0281] For example, semantic similarity requirement information is added to the 5QI table, and different 5QI values ​​can correspond to different semantic similarity requirement information. As shown in Table 4, Table 4 is a mapping table between 5QI and QoS characteristics.

[0282] Table 4

[0283] For another example, a new parameter is added to the QoS configuration file: 5) The QoS configuration file of a QoS flow may also include the following QoS parameters: semantic similarity requirement information.

[0284] As a possible implementation manner, S901c, the control network element sends semantic similarity requirement information to the terminal device.

[0285] Specifically, the access management network element may send QoS rules to the terminal device through the N1 interface, where the QoS rules include semantic similarity requirement information.

[0286] For example, the parameter information included in the QoS rule may include semantic similarity requirement information in addition to the relevant parameter information mentioned above for the QoS flow.

[0287] S902: The user plane network element sends a fourth data packet to the access network device, and the access network device receives the fourth data packet from the user plane network element.

[0288] The fourth data packet includes the encoded data of the second source information.

[0289] S903: The access network device sends a fifth data packet to the terminal device, and the terminal device receives the fifth data packet from the access network device.

[0290] Before step S903 , the following steps may be performed.

[0291] S904 , optionally, the access network device optimizes the fourth data packet according to the semantic similarity requirement information to obtain a fifth data packet, where data of the fifth data packet is part of the data of the fourth data packet.

[0292] As a possible implementation method, when the semantic similarity requirement information includes a lower limit value for the amount of data during data transmission, the third sub-data packet corresponding to when the amount of data in the fourth data packet reaches the lower limit value for the amount of data is determined as the fifth data packet.

[0293] For example, if the access network device detects network congestion, it will only send the data packets that meet the lower limit of semantic similarity to the terminal device. If the fourth data packet includes three PDUs and the lower limit of the data volume during data transmission is one PDU, the access network device may discard the remaining two PDUs and send the first PDU as the fifth data packet to the terminal device.

[0294] Before step S902 , the following steps may be included.

[0295] S905, optionally, the server or the data network encodes the second source information to obtain a sixth data packet, and sends the sixth data packet to the user plane network element.

[0296] It should be understood that although the sixth data packet and the fourth data packet both include data packets obtained by encoding the second source information, they are not exactly the same.

[0297] It should be understood that the process of the server or data network obtaining the sixth data packet is similar to the process of obtaining the third data packet in S530, and will not be described in detail here.

[0298] During the data transmission phase of the second task, S905 , S902 , S904 , and S903 may be executed.

[0299] Before step S901 , the following steps may be included.

[0300] S906, optionally, the server or the data network generates semantic similarity requirement information.

[0301] The semantic similarity requirement information indicates a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that must be met during data transmission. The semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in the sixth data packet and the second source information. The sixth data packet includes the encoded data packet of the second source information.

[0302] Specifically, the server or the data network determines the semantic similarity requirement information according to the task type and / or task implementation object of the second task.

[0303] It should be understood that the server or data network only needs to determine the semantic similarity requirement information corresponding to the second task once during the implementation of the second task.

[0304] It should be understood that semantic similarity requirement information is task-oriented or object-oriented, and different tasks or different objects may have different semantic similarity requirement information. In other words, the semantic similarity requirement information is related to the task type, or the semantic similarity requirement information is related to the object of the task.

[0305] S907 , optionally, the server or the data network sends semantic similarity requirement information to the control network element, and correspondingly, the control network element receives the semantic similarity requirement information from the server or the data network.

[0306] Among them, the control network element can be a session management function network element or an access management function network element in a 5G communication system. In future communication systems, the control network element can be a network element used for control plane management, which is not limited here.

[0307] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the application network element can send semantic similarity requirement information to the network open network element via the N33 interface, which in turn sends the semantic similarity requirement information to the session management network element. Alternatively, the application network element can send semantic similarity requirement information to the policy control network element via the N5 interface, which in turn sends the semantic similarity requirement information to the session management network element via the N7 interface. Optionally, the session management network element sends the semantic similarity requirement information to the access management network element via the N11 interface.

[0308] FIG10 is a flow chart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0309] S1001: Control the network element to send QoS reliability information.

[0310] As a possible implementation manner, S1001a, the control network element sends a PDR to the user plane network element, where the PDR includes QoS reliability information.

[0311] For example, PDR includes QFI, one QoS corresponds to one 5QI, and 5QI includes corresponding QoS reliability information.

[0312] As a possible implementation manner, S1001b, the control network element sends a QoS configuration file to the access network device, where the QoS configuration file includes QoS reliability information.

[0313] As a possible implementation manner, S1001c, the control network element sends QoS rules to the terminal device, where the QoS rules include QoS reliability information.

[0314] It should be understood that the specific implementation methods of S1001a, S1001b and S1001c are similar to those of S901a, S901b and S901c respectively, and are not described in detail here.

[0315] S1002: The user plane network element sends a fourth data packet to the access network device, and the access network device receives the fourth data packet from the user plane network element.

[0316] It should be understood that the detailed description of S1002 can refer to S902 respectively, and will not be repeated here.

[0317] S1003: The access network device sends a fifth data packet to the terminal device. The terminal device receives the fifth data packet from the access network device. The data of the fifth data packet is part of the data of the fourth data packet.

[0318] In the above technical solution, access network equipment can obtain semantic similarity requirement information by using existing QoS reliability information and the mapping relationship between QoS reliability information and semantic similarity requirement information. By optimizing data packets using existing parameters, data packet processing can be reduced, thereby improving transmission efficiency and user experience in semantic communication and reducing modifications to existing QoS flow configurations, thereby improving compatibility with existing QoS flow configurations.

[0319] Before step S1003 , the following steps may be included.

[0320] S1004, optionally, the access network device obtains a mapping relationship.

[0321] Specifically, the mapping relationship may be pre-set in the access network device. Alternatively, the mapping relationship may be transmitted from the application network element to the access network device via the core network. Alternatively, the mapping relationship may be transmitted to the access network device by the core network element based on traffic detection settings. Alternatively, the mapping relationship may be generated by the core network element based on traffic detection settings and different QoS configurations according to different requirements, and transmitted to the access network device via a QoS configuration file.

[0322] S1005, optionally, the access network device optimizes the fourth data packet according to the mapping relationship and the QoS reliability information to obtain a fifth data packet.

[0323] Specifically, in the first step, the access network device obtains semantic similarity requirement information according to the mapping relationship and QoS reliability information; in the second step, the fourth data packet is optimized according to the semantic similarity requirement information to obtain the fifth data packet.

[0324] It should be understood that for a detailed description of the second step, reference may be made to S904 , which will not be repeated here.

[0325] Before step S1002 , the following steps may be included.

[0326] S1006, optionally, the server or the data network encodes the second source information to obtain a sixth data packet, and sends the sixth data packet to the user plane network element.

[0327] It should be understood that the process of the server or data network obtaining the sixth data packet is similar to the process of obtaining the third data packet in S530, and will not be described in detail here.

[0328] It should be understood that the detailed description of S1006 can refer to S905 respectively, and will not be repeated here.

[0329] During the data transmission phase of the second task, S1006 , S1002 , S1004 , S1005 , and S1003 may be executed.

[0330] Before step S1001 , the following steps may be included.

[0331] S1007, optionally, the server or the data network generates semantic similarity requirement information.

[0332] S1008 , optionally, the server or the data network sends semantic similarity requirement information to the control network element, and correspondingly, the control network element receives the semantic similarity requirement information from the server or the data network.

[0333] It should be understood that the detailed description of S1007 and S1008 can refer to S906 and S907 respectively, and will not be repeated here.

[0334] S1009 , optionally, the control network element converts the semantic similarity requirement information into QoS reliability information.

[0335] Specifically, the session management function network element maps the semantic similarity requirement information into QoS reliability information through a mapping relationship.

[0336] Among them, the mapping relationship between semantic similarity requirement information and QoS reliability information is related to the second task.

[0337] For example, the mapping relationship may be a functional relationship between semantic similarity requirement information and QoS reliability information, or may be a mapping table between semantic similarity requirement information and QoS reliability information. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific form of the mapping relationship.

[0338] In the above-described embodiments, the access network device can optimize data packets using semantic similarity information or semantic similarity requirement information, thereby reducing data transmission pressure on the air interface side. The following detailed description of optimizing data packets using semantic similarity information and semantic similarity requirement information will be provided in conjunction with Figure 11. Figure 11 is an interactive diagram of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0339] For the detailed process of S1101, please refer to S901 and will not be described in detail here.

[0340] S1102: The user plane network element sends a fourth data packet to the access network device, and the access network device receives the fourth data packet from the user plane network element.

[0341] It should be understood that the detailed transmission method of S1102 may refer to the transmission method of the first semantic similarity information in S601, and will not be described in detail here.

[0342] S1103, the access network device sends a fifth data packet to the terminal device, and the terminal device receives the fifth data packet from the access network device, wherein the data of the fifth data packet is part of the data of the fourth data packet, and the fifth data packet includes the encoded data of the second source information.

[0343] Before step S1103 , the following steps may be included.

[0344] S1104 , optionally, the access network device optimizes the fourth data packet according to the semantic similarity requirement information and the second semantic similarity information to obtain a fifth data packet.

[0345] As a possible implementation, the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit for semantic similarity, the second semantic similarity information includes a third semantic similarity and a third sub-data packet corresponding to the third semantic similarity, and the fourth data packet includes the third sub-data packet. The third sub-data packet corresponding to a case where the third semantic similarity is greater than or equal to the lower limit for semantic similarity is determined as the fifth data packet.

[0346] Exemplarily, the access network device learns, through S1103b, that the semantic similarity requirement information during the data transmission process is a semantic similarity lower limit value, denoted as Z%. The access network device learns, through S1104 to S1106, multiple third semantic similarities corresponding to the second task and third sub-data packets corresponding to the third semantic similarities. If the third semantic similarity #1 is greater than the semantic similarity lower limit value, then the third sub-data packet corresponding to the third semantic similarity #1 is determined as the fifth data packet.

[0347] Before step S1002 , the following steps may be included.

[0348] S1105, optionally, the server or the data network encodes the second source information to obtain a sixth data packet, and the server or the data network sends the sixth data packet to the user plane network element, where the sixth data packet includes the second semantic similarity information.

[0349] Optionally, the second semantic similarity information may also be sent in an independent message without being included in the third data packet, and there is no limitation to this.

[0350] It should be understood that the detailed process can be referred to S905 and will not be described in detail here.

[0351] S1106, optionally, the server or the data network generates second semantic similarity information, where the second semantic similarity information is used to indicate the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the sixth data packet and the second source information.

[0352] It should be understood that the detailed explanation of the second semantic similarity information can be referred to the first semantic similarity information in S510 and will not be repeated here. The difference between the two is that the second semantic similarity information is related to the sixth data packet corresponding to the second task, while the first semantic similarity information is related to the third data packet corresponding to the first task.

[0353] Before step S1101, S1107 and S1108 may be included. For details, please refer to S906 and S907, which will not be described here.

[0354] The data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail above with reference to Figures 5 to 11. It is understandable that, in order to implement the above functions, it includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to executing each function.

[0355] Those skilled in the art should be aware that, in combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is performed in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0356] The communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below with reference to Figures 12 to 14. It should be understood that the description of the device embodiment corresponds to the description of the method embodiment. Therefore, for matters not described in detail, reference can be made to the method embodiment above. For the sake of brevity, some contents are not repeated here.

[0357] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a communication device 1200 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The device 1200 may include a processing unit 1220, which is used to perform data processing. The device 1200 may also include an interface unit 1210, which may implement corresponding communication functions. The interface unit 1210 may also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit or an interface unit. It should be understood that for the operations such as sending and receiving involved in this application, if there is no special explanation, or if it does not conflict with its actual function or internal logic in the relevant description, it can be more generally understood as operations such as output and input, rather than sending and receiving operations directly performed by the radio frequency circuit and antenna.

[0358] Optionally, the device 1200 may further include a storage unit, which may be used to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 1220 may read the instructions and / or data in the storage unit so that the device implements the aforementioned method embodiment.

[0359] The device 1200 can be used to execute the actions performed by the access network device in the above method embodiment. In this case, the device 1200 can be a communication device or a component that can be configured on the communication device. The interface unit 1210 is used to execute the transmission and reception related operations on the communication device side in the above method embodiment, and the processing unit 1220 is used to execute the processing related operations of the access network device in the above method embodiment.

[0360] As a design, the apparatus 1200 is configured to execute the actions performed by the access network device in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 . The execution entity may be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the access network device in implementing the corresponding method, or a logic module or software that implements all or part of the access network device's functions.

[0361] Specifically, the interface unit 1210 is used to obtain first semantic similarity information from the core network network element, and the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the first data packet and the first source information, and the first data packet includes a data packet after the first source information is encoded.

[0362] The processing unit 1220 is configured to output a second data packet to the terminal device according to the first semantic similarity information.

[0363] For details not described in detail, please refer to the above method embodiment.

[0364] As a design, the communication device 1200 is used to execute the actions performed by the server or data network in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5 or 6 above. The execution entity can be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the server or data network in implementing the corresponding method, or it can be a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the server or data network functions.

[0365] Specifically, the processing unit 1220 is configured to encode the first source information to obtain a third data packet. The interface unit 1210 is configured to output first semantic similarity information to a core network element, where the first semantic similarity information indicates similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the third data packet and the first source information.

[0366] For details not described in detail, please refer to the above method embodiment.

[0367] As a design, the communication device 1200 is used to execute the actions performed by the core network element in the method embodiment shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6 above. The execution subject can be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the core network element to implement the corresponding method, or it can be a logical module or software that can implement all or part of the core network element functions.

[0368] Specifically, interface unit 1210 is configured to obtain first semantic similarity information from a server or a data network, where the first semantic similarity information indicates similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in a third data packet and the first source information, where the third data packet includes a data packet obtained by encoding the first source information. Interface unit 1210 is configured to output the first semantic similarity information to an access network device.

[0369] For details not described in detail, please refer to the above method embodiment.

[0370] As a design, the apparatus 1200 is configured to execute the actions performed by the access network device in the method embodiments shown in Figures 8 to 11 above. The execution entity may be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the access network device in implementing the corresponding method, or a logic module or software that implements all or part of the access network device's functions.

[0371] Specifically, the interface unit 1210 is used to obtain semantic similarity requirement information, which is used to indicate the lower limit conditions related to semantic similarity that need to be met during data transmission. The semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the fourth data packet and the second source information. The fourth data packet includes the encoded data packet of the second source information.

[0372] The processing unit 1220 is configured to output a fifth data packet according to the semantic similarity requirement information, where the data in the fifth data packet is part of the data in the fourth data packet.

[0373] For details not described in detail, please refer to the above method embodiment.

[0374] As a design, the communication device 1200 is used to execute the actions performed by the server or data network in the method embodiments shown in Figures 8 to 11 above. The execution entity can be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the server or data network in implementing the corresponding method, or it can be a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the server or data network functions.

[0375] Specifically, the processing unit 1220 is configured to encode the second source information to obtain a sixth data packet. The interface unit 1210 is configured to output semantic similarity requirement information, where the semantic similarity requirement information indicates a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that must be met during data transmission. The semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the sixth data packet and the second source information.

[0376] For details not described in detail, please refer to the above method embodiment.

[0377] As a design, the communication device 1200 is configured to execute the actions performed by the core network element in the method embodiments shown in Figures 8 to 11 above. The execution entity may be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the core network element in implementing the corresponding method, or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the core network element functions.

[0378] Specifically, interface unit 1210 is configured to obtain semantic similarity requirement information from a server or data network. The semantic similarity requirement information indicates a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that must be met during data transmission. The semantic similarity is the similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in a sixth data packet and the second source information. The sixth data packet includes an encoded data packet of the second source information. Interface unit 1210 is configured to output the semantic similarity requirement information.

[0379] For details not described in detail, please refer to the above method embodiment.

[0380] It should be understood that the specific process of each unit executing the above corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiment, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0381] The processing unit 1220 in the above embodiment may be implemented by at least one processor or processor-related circuits. The interface unit 1210 may be implemented by a transceiver or transceiver-related circuits. The storage unit may be implemented by at least one memory.

[0382] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1300 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0383] As shown in Figure 13, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 1300. The device 1300 includes a processor 1310, which is coupled to a memory 1320. The memory 1320 is used to store computer programs or instructions and / or data. The processor 1310 is used to execute the computer programs or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 1320, so that the method in the above method embodiment is executed.

[0384] Optionally, the device 1300 includes one or more processors 1310.

[0385] Optionally, as shown in FIG13 , the device 1300 may further include a memory 1320 .

[0386] Optionally, the memory 1320 included in the device 1300 may be one or more.

[0387] Optionally, the memory 1320 may be integrated with the processor 1310 or provided separately.

[0388] Optionally, as shown in Figure 13, the apparatus 1300 may further include a communication interface 1330, which is used to receive and / or send signals. For example, the processor 1310 is used to control the communication interface 1330 to receive and / or send signals.

[0389] As a solution, the device 1300 is used to implement the operations performed by the server or data network, core network element, access network equipment or terminal equipment in the above method embodiment.

[0390] For example, the processor 1310 is used to implement the processing-related operations performed by the server or data network, core network network element, access network device or terminal device in the above method embodiment, and the communication interface 1330 is used to implement the sending and receiving-related operations performed by the server or data network, core network network element, access network device or terminal device in the above method embodiment.

[0391] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a chip system 1400 provided in an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG14 . The chip system 1400 (or it may also be referred to as a processing system) includes a logic circuit 1410 and an input / output interface 1420. The logic circuit is used to couple with the input interface and transmit data parameters through the input / output interface to execute the method in the above method embodiment. The device in which the chip system 1400 is installed can implement the method and function of the embodiment of the present application. For example, the logic circuit 1410 can be a processing circuit in the chip system 1400, which controls the device in which the chip system 1400 is installed. It can also be coupled to a storage unit and call instructions in the storage unit so that the device can implement the method and function of the embodiment of the present application. The input / output interface 1420 can be an input / output circuit in the chip system 1400, which outputs information processed by the chip system 1400, or inputs data or signaling information to be processed into the chip system 1400 for processing.

[0392] As a solution, the chip system 1400 is used to implement the operations performed by a communication device (such as a server or data network, a core network element, an access network device or a terminal device) in the above method embodiment.

[0393] For example, the logic circuit 1410 is used to implement the processing-related operations performed by the server or data network, core network network element, access network equipment or terminal equipment in the above method embodiments, and the input / output interface 1420 is used to implement the sending and receiving-related operations performed by the server or data network, core network network element, access network equipment or terminal equipment in the above method embodiments.

[0394] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which computer instructions are stored for implementing the method executed by a communication device (such as a server or data network, a core network element, an access network device or a terminal device) in the above method embodiment.

[0395] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer can implement the method performed by a communication device (such as a server or data network, a core network element, an access network device or a terminal device) in the above method embodiment.

[0396] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed by a computer, enables the computer to implement the method executed by a communication device (such as a server or data network, a core network element, an access network device or a terminal device) in the above method embodiment.

[0397] An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, which includes at least two devices among the above-mentioned server or data network, core network network element and access network device.

[0398] The explanation of the relevant contents and beneficial effects of any of the above-mentioned devices can be referred to the corresponding method embodiments provided above, which will not be repeated here.

[0399] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0400] It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM may include the following forms: static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0401] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0402] It should also be noted that the memory described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0403] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of protection of this application.

[0404] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0405] Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to implement the solutions provided in this application based on actual needs.

[0406] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one unit, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0407] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When software is used for implementation, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function according to the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. For example, the computer can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrations. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid state disk (SSD)). For example, the aforementioned available medium may include, but is not limited to, various media that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0408] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that: The method is applied to access network equipment, including: Acquire first semantic similarity information from a core network element, where the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-packets in a first data packet and first source information, where the first data packet includes a data packet after the first source information is encoded; A second data packet is output to the terminal device according to the first semantic similarity information, wherein the data of the second data packet is part of the data of the first data packet.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information is used to indicate a first semantic similarity and a first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the first data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and a second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of the second sub-data packets, and the first data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information is carried in the first data packet.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information is carried in a general packet radio system tunneling protocol user GTP-U, and the GTP-U is carried in the first data packet.

6. A data transmission method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a server and includes: Encoding the first source information to obtain a third data packet; Outputting first semantic similarity information to a core network element, where the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the third data packet and the first source information.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information includes a first semantic similarity and a first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the third data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and a second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of the second sub-data packets, and the third data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information is carried in the third data packet.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information is carried in a real-time transport protocol RTP, and the RTP is carried in the third data packet.

11. A data transmission method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a core network element, including: Acquire first semantic similarity information from a server, where the first semantic similarity information is used to indicate similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in a third data packet and the first source information, where the third data packet includes a data packet obtained by encoding the first source information; The first semantic similarity information is output to the access network device.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information is used to indicate a first semantic similarity and a first sub-data packet corresponding to the first semantic similarity, and the third data packet includes the first sub-data packet.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information is used to indicate the number of second sub-data packets and the second semantic similarity corresponding to the number of the second sub-data packets, and the third data packet includes the second sub-data packet.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information from the server is carried in the third data packet, and the first semantic similarity information output to the access network device is carried in a first data packet, and the first data packet includes a data packet after the first source information is encoded.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The first semantic similarity information from the server is carried in RTP, and the RTP is carried in the third data packet; the first semantic similarity information output to the access network device is carried in GTP-U, and the GTP-U is carried in the first data packet.

16. A data transmission method, characterized in that: The method is applied to access network equipment, including: Acquire semantic similarity requirement information, where the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that needs to be met during data transmission, where the semantic similarity is similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in a fourth data packet and second source information, and the fourth data packet includes a data packet after encoding the second source information; A fifth data packet is output according to the semantic similarity requirement information, wherein the data of the fifth data packet is part of the data of the fourth data packet.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The method further comprises: Acquire quality of service (QoS) reliability information, wherein there is a mapping relationship between the QoS reliability information and the semantic similarity requirement information; The obtaining of semantic similarity requirement information includes: The semantic similarity requirement information is acquired according to the QoS reliability information and the mapping relationship.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that The semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the data amount in a data transmission process, or the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the semantic similarity.

19. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that The semantic similarity requirement information is carried in a quality of service QoS configuration file.

20. A data transmission method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a server and includes: encoding the second source information to obtain a sixth data packet; Output semantic similarity requirement information, where the semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that needs to be met during data transmission, and the semantic similarity is the similarity between the decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in the sixth data packet and the second source information.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that The semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the semantic similarity; or, The semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate the lower limit value of the data volume in the data transmission process.

22. A data transmission method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a core network element, including: Acquire semantic similarity requirement information from a server, the semantic similarity requirement information being used to indicate a lower limit condition related to semantic similarity that needs to be satisfied during data transmission, the semantic similarity being similarity between decoded information corresponding to different sub-data packets in a sixth data packet and the second source information, the sixth data packet including a data packet after encoding the second source information; The semantic similarity requirement information is output.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that The semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate a lower limit value of the semantic similarity; or, The semantic similarity requirement information is used to indicate the lower limit value of the data volume in the data transmission process.

24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that The outputting of the semantic similarity requirement information includes: The semantic similarity requirement information is output to a core network element, where the semantic similarity requirement information is carried in a data packet detection rule.

25. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that The outputting of the semantic similarity requirement information includes: The semantic similarity requirement information is output to the access network device, and the semantic similarity requirement information is carried in the QoS configuration file.

26. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that The outputting of the semantic similarity requirement information includes: The semantic similarity requirement information is sent to the terminal device, where the semantic similarity requirement information is carried in the QoS rule.

27. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a unit for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or comprises a unit for executing the method according to any one of claims 16 to 19.

28. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a unit for executing the method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, or comprises a unit for executing the method according to any one of claims 20 to 21.

29. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a unit for performing the method as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 15, or comprises a unit for performing the method as claimed in any one of claims 22 to 26.

30. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, or causes the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 10, or causes the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 15, or causes the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 19, or causes the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 21, or causes the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 22 to 26.

31. A communication system, characterized in that: Comprising at least two communication devices as claimed in claims 27 to 29.

32. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product comprises instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or causes the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, or causes the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, or causes the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, or causes the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 20 to 21, or causes the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 22 to 26.

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