Apparatus and method of managing energy-related information in communication network
The Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) in the 5G Core network addresses the lack of clear architecture for energy-related information exposure in 5G standards by facilitating the acquisition and exposure of energy data, enhancing energy transparency and reducing carbon emissions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/124434
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-11-02
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-08
AI Technical Summary
Current 5G standards lack a clear architecture for managing and exposing energy-related information, such as energy consumption data and performance metrics, to third parties, which is necessary for accurate and reliable energy reporting.
The introduction of an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) within the 5G Core network, which acts as an intermediary between the network and authorized third parties, facilitating the acquisition, processing, and exposure of energy-related information, including energy consumption and efficiency Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
This solution enables the flexible and granular exposure of energy-related data, providing comprehensive visibility into network energy consumption and performance, thereby supporting operator policies and third-party agreements, and contributing to environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions.
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Figure CN2024124434_08052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MANAGING ENERGY-RELATED INFORMATION IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to apparatuses and methods of managing energy-related information in a communication network.BACKGROUND
[0002] Current 5G standards, such as TS 28.552, TS 28.554, and TR 22.882, outline the need for network energy-related information, including performance and energy consumption measurements. However, they do not provide a clear architecture to support the consolidated requirements for exposing energy consumption data to third parties, as specified in TR 22.882. These requirements include the ability to provide energy consumption details, such as renewable energy ratios and carbon emissions, as well as predictions of energy usage for specific services, based on operator policies and agreements with third parties. The system also supports mechanisms for exposing performance statistics and energy consumption information related to network slices, Non-Public Networks (NPNs) , or other network resources. Although these standards specify what information may be exposed, they do not clarify how this data is collected, at what level of granularity it is presented, or how it is exposed to support accurate and reliable energy reporting.
[0003] Therefore, there is a need for apparatuses and methods of managing energy-related information in a communication network, which can solve issues in the prior art and other issues.SUMMARY
[0004] An object of the present disclosure is to propose apparatuses and methods of managing energy-related information in a communication network, which can solve issues in the prior art and other issues.
[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method of managing energy-related information performed by an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) service consumer in a communication network, includes: subscribing, by the EBF service consumer, to an EBF to receive a notification of an Energy Efficiency (EE) information or an Energy Consumption (EC) information, and unsubscribing from the EBF to stop receiving the notification of the EE information or the EC information, and requesting and obtaining, by the EBF service consumer, the EE information or the EC information from the EBF.
[0006] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method of managing energy-related information performed by an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) in a communication network, including: providing, by the EBF, a subscription service for notifying an EBF service consumer of an Energy Efficiency (EE) information or an Energy Consumption (EC) information, and enabling the EBF service consumer to unsubscribe from the notification of the EE information or the EC information, and responding, by the EBF, to a request from the EBF service consumer for obtaining the EE information or the EC information.
[0007] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) service consumer includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The EBF service consumer is configured to provide the above method.
[0008] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The EBF is configured to provide the above method.
[0009] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method.
[0010] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a chip includes a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the above method.
[0011] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, causes a computer to execute the above method.
[0012] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.
[0013] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0014] In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art more clearly, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field can obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.
[0015] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) service consumer and an EBF of communication in a communication network system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating method of managing energy-related information performed by an EBF service consumer in a communication network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of managing energy-related information performed by an EBF in a communication network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating data collection from OAM performance data file report management service.
[0019] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating high level procedures for energy-related information acquisition and processing.
[0020]
[0021] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0023] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.
[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems, such as a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system, a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, a general packet radio service (GPRS) , a long term evolution (LTE) system, a LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, a LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, an advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, a new radio (NR) system, an evolution system of a NR system, a LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, a NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, an universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) , a global interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, wireless local area networks (WLAN) , wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) , a future 5th generation (5G) system (may also be called a new radio (NR) system) or other communication systems, etc.
[0025] Optionally, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, where the unlicensed spectrum may also be considered as a shared spectrum; or the communication system in the embodiment of the present application may also be applied to a licensed spectrum, where the licensed spectrum can also be considered an unshared spectrum.
[0026] In some embodiments, the present disclosure addresses a method for exposing network energy-related information within a 5G system. This embodiment ensures that performance and energy consumption measurements are made available in a manner that aligns with the policies of the operator and agreements with third parties. According to standards such as TS 28.552 and TS 28.554, and as outlined in TR 22.882, network energy-related information should include both performance metrics and energy consumption data. However, the architecture required to consolidate and expose these measurements in compliance with section 6.4 of TR 22.882 has not been adequately defined in existing solutions.
[0027] Some embodiments allow for the exposure of energy consumption information, including data on the ratio of renewable energy and carbon emissions when available. This information can be reported over varying time periods (e.g., monthly or yearly) depending on location. Moreover, it addresses the operator's ability to expose energy consumption data relevant to specific network resources, such as network slices and Non-Public Networks (NPNs) . The system also supports notifications for third parties when energy consumption is approaching predefined limits.
[0028] Additionally, based on operator policy, the system can expose network performance statistics, such as data rate, packet delay, and packet loss, in conjunction with energy consumption data. This exposure includes the energy consumption prediction for application services and can allow trusted third parties to configure which specific network performance metrics are exposed.
[0029] The 5G system further supports mechanisms for third parties to provide current or predicted energy consumption information. This mechanism allows for reporting on energy consumption over defined periods, including the ratio of renewable energy used in providing services. The architecture defined in this embodiment ensures the flexibility to provide energy-related data at a granular level, such as per network slice, user equipment (UE) , or network function (NF) , ensuring comprehensive visibility into network energy consumption and performance.
[0030] Some embodiments fill a gap in the current 5G architecture by defining how network energy-related information is exposed and detailing the granularity at which this information is presented, thereby facilitating accurate and timely energy usage data exposure to third parties.
[0031] To address the challenges associated with energy consumption information exposure in 5G systems, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an exemplary framework for managing and exposing energy-related information. Specifically, the disclosed system and apparatus enable energy-related information exposure for both User Equipment (UE) and Network Functions (NF) in 5G systems.
[0032] In some embodiments, the present disclosure introduces an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) within a 5G Core (5GC) network. The EBF serves as an intermediary between network and authorized third parties, facilitating the acquisition of energy-related information. The EBF processes the information to generate energy consumption and energy efficiency Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) . The EBF then exposes this processed energy consumption and efficiency-related data to authorized third parties, providing insights into network energy usage and performance.
[0033] The EBF can be implemented as a stand-alone Network Function (NF) within the 5GC or integrated as a sub-function of the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) . Additionally, the EBF could be a sub-function of any other existing 5GC NF or a newly defined NF within the 5G architecture. This flexible architecture ensures efficient handling and exposure of energy-related data in 5G systems, meeting the growing demand for energy transparency and optimization.
[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates that, in some embodiments, an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) service consumer 10 and an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) 20 of communication in a communication network system 30 (e.g., an NR system) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are provided. The communication network system 30 includes the EBF service consumer 10, and the EBF 20. The EBF service consumer 10 may include a memory 12, a transceiver 13, and a processor 11 coupled to the memory 12 and the transceiver 13. The EBF 20 may include a memory 22, a transceiver 23, and a processor 21 coupled to the memory 22 and the transceiver 23. The processor 11 or 21 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 11 or 21. The transceiver 13 or 23 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21, and the transceiver 13 or 23 transmits and / or receives a radio signal.
[0035] The processor 11 or 21 may include application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The memory 12 or 22 may include read-only memory (ROM) , random access memory (RAM) , flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. The transceiver 13 or 23 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in the memory 12 or 22 and executed by the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 can be implemented within the processor 11 or 21 or external to the processor 11 or 21 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 11 or 21 via various means as is known in the art.
[0036] In some embodiments, the processor 11 is configured to perform: subscribing to an EBF to receive a notification of an Energy Efficiency (EE) information or an Energy Consumption (EC) information, and unsubscribing from the EBF to stop receiving the notification of the EE information or the EC information; and requesting and obtaining the EE information or the EC information from the EBF. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues.
[0037] In some embodiments, the processor 21 is configured to perform: providing a subscription service for notifying an EBF service consumer of an Energy Efficiency (EE) information or an Energy Consumption (EC) information, and enabling the EBF service consumer to unsubscribe from the notification of the EE information or the EC information, and responding to a request from the EBF service consumer for obtaining the EE information or the EC information.
[0038] FIG. 2 is an example of a method 200 of managing energy-related information performed by an EBF service consumer in a communication network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method method 200 of managing energy-related information performed by the EBF service consumer is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the method 200 of managing energy-related information performed by the EBF service consumer using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the method method 200 of managing energy-related information performed by the EBF service consumer includes: an operation 202, subscribing, by the EBF service consumer, to an EBF to receive a notification of an Energy Efficiency (EE) information or an Energy Consumption (EC) information, and unsubscribing from the EBF to stop receiving the notification of the EE information or the EC information, and an operation 204, requesting and obtaining, by the EBF service consumer, the EE information or the EC information from the EBF. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues.
[0039] In some embodiments, an exposure of the EE information or the EC information to an Application Function (AF) or an Application Server (AS) is performed via a Network Exposure Function (NEF) by utilizing a subscription of the EE information or the EC information to the EBF. In some embodiments, an exposure of the EE information or the EC information to an Application Function (AF) or an Application Server (AS) is performed via a Network Exposure Function (NEF) by utilizing a request of the EE information or the EC information to the EBF. In some embodiments, the EE information or the EC information is focused on user plane metrics, including a User Plane Function (UPF) , a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session, a Quality of Service (QoS) flow, and / or a Packet Detection Function (PDF) flow. In some embodiments, the EE information or the EC information includes performance counters, and a sum of the performance counters is a weighted sum of transactions, with higher energy-consuming transactions assigned greater weights. In some embodiments, the EBF service consumer requests the EBF to calculate energy efficiency metrics for network slices. In some embodiments, the EBF service consumer requests energy consumption information for network functions (NFs) by providing NF instance IDs, NF set IDs, or a NF type. In some embodiments, the EBF service consumer requests the EBF to identify NF instances serving a specific user based on a provided Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) . In some embodiments, the EBF service consumer interacts with the EBF implemented as a stand-alone 5G Core (5GC) NF, a sub-function of an existing NF, or a sub-function of a newly defined 5GC NF, for managing the EE information or the EC information in a 5GC network.
[0040] FIG. 3 is an example of a method 300 of managing energy-related information performed by an EBF in a communication network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method method 300 of managing energy-related information performed by the EBF is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the method 300 of managing energy-related information performed by the EBF using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the method method 300 of managing energy-related information performed by the EBF includes: an operation 302, providing, by the EBF, a subscription service for notifying an EBF service consumer of an Energy Efficiency (EE) information or an Energy Consumption (EC) information, and enabling the EBF service consumer to unsubscribe from the notification of the EE information or the EC information, and an operation 304, responding, by the EBF, to a request from the EBF service consumer for obtaining the EE information or the EC information. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues.
[0041] In some embodiments, the EBF exposes the EE information or the EC information to an Application Function (AF) or an Application Server (AS) via a Network Exposure Function (NEF) by utilizing a subscription of the EE information or the EC information. In some embodiments, the EBF exposes the EE information or the EC information to an Application Function (AF) or an Application Server (AS) via a Network Exposure Function (NEF) by utilizing a request of the EE information or the EC information. In some embodiments, the EE information or the EC information provided by the EBF is focused on user plane metrics, including a User Plane Function (UPF) , a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session, a Quality of Service (QoS) flow, and / or a Packet Detection Function (PDF) flow. In some embodiments, the EE information or the EC information provided by the EBF includes performance counters, and a sum of the performance counters is a weighted sum of transactions, with higher energy-consuming transactions assigned greater weights. In some embodiments, the EBF calculates energy efficiency metrics for network slices upon request by the EBF service consumer. In some embodiments, the EBF provides energy consumption information for network functions (NFs) by processing NF instance IDs, NF set IDs, or a NF type provided by the EBF service consumer. In some embodiments, the EBF identifies NF instances serving a specific user based on a provided Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) upon request by the EBF service consumer. In some embodiments, the EBF operates as a stand-alone 5G Core (5GC) Network Function (NF) , a sub-function of an existing NF, or a sub-function of a newly defined 5GC NF for managing the EE information or the EC information in a 5GC network.
[0042] Clause 6.7 of TS 28.554 defines logical Key Performance Indicator (KPI) formulas that can be used to derive several Energy Efficiency KPIs, including: 1. NG-RAN data Energy Efficiency. 2. Network Slice Energy Efficiency, which covers Generic Network Slice Energy Efficiency KPI, Energy Efficiency of enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) network slice, RAN-based Energy Efficiency of eMBB network slice, Energy Efficiency of Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) network slice, and Energy Efficiency of Manufacturing Internet-of-Things (MIoT) network slice. 3.5G Energy Consumption, including NF Energy Consumption, 5GC Energy Consumption, Network Slice Energy Consumption, and NG-RAN Energy Consumption. 4.5G Energy Efficiency, including Generic 5GC Energy Efficiency KPI and Energy Efficiency of 5GC based on the useful output of the 5GC user plane.
[0043] Based on these KPIs and measurement methodologies, the network energy-related information shall be exposed at the following granularities: 1. Per User Equipment (UE) : Energy consumed in the 5G system due to service delivery to a UE. As described in TR 22.882, clause 5.5, the 5G system should support monitoring energy-related events, such as “Out of Energy Credit, ” pertaining to energy consumption in the 5G system resulting from service delivery to a UE. It should notify such events to the Application Server (AS) . 2. Per Non-Public Network (NPN) or Network Slice: When a dedicated slice is used for an NPN, the use case in TR 22.882, clause 5.7, describes that the 5G system should expose select network performance statistics and energy consumption information of network functions serving customers, particularly within an NPN, to a trusted third party. 3. Per Application Service: As outlined in TR 22.882, clause 5.8, the 5G system should derive energy efficiency metrics for one or multiple application services and share these energy efficiency notifications with the respective application service provider. 4. Per Network Function (NF) : For example, in NG-RAN, the use cases described in clauses 5.3 and 5.4 of TR 22.882 emphasize that the 5G system, especially in Energy as a Service scenarios, should gather and expose energy consumption data in RAN networks, considering features like dual connectivity, CU-DU deployment, and RAN sharing among different PLMNs or NPNs. This data is exposed to users of the RAN networks and authorized third parties.
[0044] The energy efficiency KPIs vary based on the specific NF. For instance: For UPF, the Energy Efficiency metric could be defined as data volume, as specified in TS 28.552, clause 5.4, normalized by the energy consumption of the UPF instance. For UDM, the Energy Efficiency metric could be the “mean number of registered subscribers through UDM, ” normalized by the energy consumption of the UDM instance. This comprehensive framework provides the necessary flexibility and granularity in exposing energy consumption and efficiency-related information in the 5G system.
[0045] Table 1 summarizes what network energy related information at the granularity that can be exposed.
[0046] Table 1: Energy Efficiency Information Exposure
[0047] To further meet the requirements and use cases outlined in TR 22.882, a new 5G Core (5GC) network function, referred to as the Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) , could be introduced. The EBF would act as an intermediary between the 5G network and authorized third parties. Its role would be to acquire energy-related information from the network, process that information to generate energy consumption and energy efficiency Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) , and subsequently expose the processed energy consumption and efficiency-related data to authorized third parties.
[0048] Throughout some embodiments, the term EBF refers to this newly introduced 5GC network function. It is understood that this new network function may also be known by other names, such as Energy Management Function (EMF) , Energy Broker Function (EBF) , Energy Information Function (EIF) , or any other alternative names. Regardless of the specific naming convention, the function will maintain the same set of functionalities-namely, the management and exposure of energy-related information to external entities.
[0049] The Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) in a 5G Core (5GC) network may perform the following functionalities to manage and expose energy-related information: 1. Data Collection: The EBF collects energy consumption data from various network elements, including Radio Access Network (RAN) nodes, 5G Core Network Functions (NFs) , network slices, and User Equipment (UEs) . 2. Data Processing: The EBF processes raw data to calculate energy efficiency metrics, carbon emissions, and the ratio of renewable energy used, based on specific operator and third-party requirements. 3. Periodic Reporting: The EBF enables periodic reporting of energy-related information to authorized third parties, such as monthly or yearly reports, as per their agreements with the network operator. 4. Energy Credit Notifications: The EBF notifies relevant entities when the energy consumption reaches a predefined energy credit limit, allowing for proactive management of energy resources. 5. User-Specific Data Exposure: With user consent, the EBF exposes energy efficiency information tied to individual subscribers, such as energy consumption based on their data usage and related metrics, providing greater transparency and user-specific insights. This embodiment describes an exemplary implementation of EBF in a 5GC network for efficient energy management and exposure of energy-related data to authorized entities.
[0050] The Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) in a 5G Core (5GC) network interacts with the Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) system to collect relevant performance data and counters, which are then used to generate energy-related Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) . The interaction between the EBF and OAM for data collection is depicted in FIG. 4, which illustrates the process for gathering and reporting energy-related information. The data collection mechanism depends on the specific use cases and the energy consumption or efficiency metrics required. The figure is an abstraction of the OAM performance data file report management service as defined in TS 28.532. The specific OAM services and reporting mechanisms utilized by the EBF are based on standards such as TS 28.532, TS 28.550, and TS 28.545. These standards govern the methods by which the EBF can retrieve, process, and report the relevant energy performance data necessary for efficient network energy management and exposure to third parties. This implementation ensures that energy-related information is gathered efficiently to support various energy consumption and efficiency-related use cases within the 5GC network.
[0051] FIG. 4 illustrates that, in some embodiments, the Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) is configured to subscribe to the relevant Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) services to collect energy information and other performance counters. In this configuration, the EBF requests and subscribes to specific OAM services based on the network operator’s requirements and policies.
[0052] The following flow in FIG. 4 illustrates that EBF is pre-configured with the necessary parameters for subscribing to these OAM services: 1. Subscription Setup: EBF subscribes to OAM services by sending a subscription request containing the relevant energy-related metrics and performance counters. This includes data related to energy consumption, energy efficiency, and other KPIs from network slices, Network Functions (NFs) , or User Equipment (UEs) . 2. OAM Configuration: In response, the OAM system sets up the mechanisms necessary to ensure the continuous and timely collection of the requested data. OAM configures the performance data collection services and prepares reporting mechanisms that adhere to the standards defined in TS 28.532, TS 28.550, and TS 28.545.3. Continuous Data Collection: Once the subscription is in place, OAM continuously collects the required performance counters, energy data, and other relevant metrics. These metrics may include energy consumption by RAN nodes, network slices, 5GC NFs, and specific UEs, as well as additional data, such as renewable energy ratios and carbon emissions. 4. Data Reporting: OAM periodically sends the collected data to the EBF, allowing the EBF to process the raw data, calculate KPIs, and expose the necessary energy-related information to authorized third parties. By setting up this continuous data collection, the EBF is able to provide energy consumption insights, perform energy efficiency calculations, and report these metrics as needed, ensuring that energy information is always up-to-date and accurate.
[0053] In some embodiments, the Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) subscribes to relevant Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) services to collect energy consumption data and other performance metrics as outlined in TS 28.532. The interaction in FIG. 4 follows a procedure as described below:
[0054] 1. Subscription Request (Clause 11.6.1.3.2 of TS 28.532) : The EBF sends a subscription request to the management service producer. This request specifies the notifications and data services that EBF requires, including energy-related metrics such as energy consumption, efficiency KPIs, and other relevant counters.
[0055] 2. Subscription Response (Clause 11.6.1.3.3 of TS 28.532) : The management service producer responds to the EBF, indicating whether the subscription request was successful or not. If successful, the management service producer proceeds to prepare the requested data.
[0056] 3. Data Processing: The management service producer prepares the relevant data based on the subscription, collecting energy information and other performance metrics from the network, including from RAN nodes, network slices, or Network Functions (NFs) .
[0057] 4. Notification of File Readiness (Clause 11.6.1.1 of TS 28.532) : Once the data is ready, the management service producer sends a notification to the EBF, informing it that the requested data file is prepared and ready for retrieval.
[0058] Data Retrieval (Clause 11.6.2 of TS 28.532) : The EBF fetches the data using file transfer protocols as defined in TS 28.532. The data is then processed by the EBF for energy analysis, efficiency KPI calculation, and reporting to authorized third parties. This flow in FIG. 4 ensures the continuous and automated collection of energy-related data by the EBF, which can then use the data to provide valuable insights into network energy consumption and efficiency for external consumers.
[0059] In some embodiments, the Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) is capable of identifying and retrieving energy-related management data specific to a network slice based on the Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (S-NSSAI) and Network Slice Instance Identifier (NSI ID) . The EBF achieves this by interfacing with Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) services, as outlined below:
[0060] 1. Identification of Network Slice Managed Object: Based on the Network Slice information, including the S-NSSAI and NSI ID, the EBF identifies the relevant Network Slice managed object. This managed object is linked to various network resources, including the Network Function (NF) instances serving the slice, as well as the relevant 5G Core (5GC) and NG Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) components.
[0061] 2. Management Data Collection: The EBF consumes the management services provided by OAM to collect relevant data from the identified Network Slice managed object. This includes performance measurements from the NRF (Network Function Repository Function) serving the slice, performance data from NFs associated with the slice, and NG-RAN or 5GC performance metrics as defined in TS 28.552. Additionally, the EBF collects the 5G end-to-end Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) defined in TS 28.554.
[0062] 3. Energy Consumption and Efficiency Calculation: Using the data collected from the OAM services, the EBF applies the energy efficiency formulae outlined in TS 28.554 to determine the energy consumption and energy efficiency KPIs. These KPIs are derived from performance counters and other network metrics and can be specific to different layers or elements of the 5G system, including network slices, NFs, or RAN components.
[0063] 4. KPI Reporting and Exposure: Once the energy consumption and efficiency KPIs are calculated, the EBF can expose this information to authorized third parties or external systems as part of its energy brokerage function. This enables a comprehensive view of energy usage and efficiency within specific network slices, supporting operator policies and third-party agreements.
[0064] High-Level procedure depicted in FIG. 5 illustrates how the EBF interacts with various NFs and OAM services to collect management data related to network slices. The EBF processes this data to calculate energy-related KPIs, ensuring accurate and efficient energy management within the network slice. The data is then exposed to external entities according to predefined policies and agreements.
[0065] In some embodiments, the Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) provides mechanisms to expose energy-related information within a 5G network. Two sets of procedures are depicted in FIG. 5 to manage energy consumption (EC) and energy efficiency (EE) information.
[0066] Subscription-Based Information Exposure: The first set of procedures allows the EBF service consumer (e.g., Network Functions (NFs) or OAM) to subscribe or unsubscribe at the EBF to receive notifications about EE and EC information. This subscription mechanism allows the service consumer to be proactively notified when energy-related events occur. In some cases, the EE / EC information can be exposed to Application Functions (AF) or Application Servers (AS) through the Network Exposure Function (NEF) by utilizing the subscription.
[0067] Request-Based Information Exposure: The second set of procedures involves the EBF service consumer requesting specific EE / EC information from the EBF. The information can be obtained upon request, and similarly to the subscription mechanism, the information may be exposed to AF or AS through the NEF based on the request.
[0068] User Plane Focused Metrics: In one embodiment, network energy-related information could be focused on user plane metrics, such as those related to the User Plane Function (UPF) , Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions, Quality of Service (QoS) flows, or Packet Detection Function (PDF) flows. These metrics provide energy insights specific to user plane activities.
[0069] Weighted Sum of Counters for Energy Efficiency: In another embodiment, a weighted sum of performance counters is used to calculate energy efficiency. Transactions consuming more energy are assigned higher weights in the calculation, as shown in the formula below: Weighted Performance = w1p1 + w2p2 + …+ w_n*p_n, where p1, p2, …p_n are performance counters, and w1, w2, …w_n are the corresponding weights reflecting energy consumption by the transactions.
[0070] Energy Efficiency for Network Slices: Another embodiment allows the EBF to calculate energy efficiency for different types of network slices, such as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) , Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) , or Massive Internet of Things (MIoT) slices. In this case, the AF requests energy consumption data using the S-NSSAI (Slice / Service type identifier) , and the EBF queries OAM and NRF (Network Function Repository Function) to gather relevant NF instance IDs, NF set IDs, or NF types to retrieve energy consumption data for the network slice.
[0071] Translation of NF Identifiers for OAM Requests: In this embodiment, when the AF requests energy consumption information, it provides NF instance IDs, NF set IDs, or NF types. The EBF then translates these identifiers by querying NRF, mapping them to Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) or IP addresses, and requests energy consumption data from OAM using the FQDN or IP of the entity.
[0072] SUPI-Based Energy Analytics: In another embodiment, when a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) is provided, the EBF identifies the NF instances (e.g., Access and Mobility Function (AMF) and Session Management Function (SMF) ) serving the specific UE. It then filters the data according to the provided S-NSSAI and NF types and retrieves analytics based on the network slice and NF instances.
[0073] EBF as a 5GC Network Function: The EBF may be implemented as a stand-alone 5G Core (5GC) Network Function (NF) , a sub-function of existing NFs like the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) , or a sub-function of any other existing or new NF in the 5GC. This embodiment illustrates the flexibility and scalability of the EBF in acquiring, processing, and exposing energy-related information in 5G systems to support energy efficiency goals.
[0074] As global environmental concerns grow, reducing carbon emissions has become a critical goal for industries worldwide, particularly for network operators and service providers whose operations are energy-intensive. These activities, including extensive network infrastructure and power-hungry data centers, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With increasing reliance on digital connectivity, it is essential for industry players to take proactive steps to minimize their carbon footprint. Some embodiments of the present disclosure offer an exemplary framework for energy consumption information exposure, detailing systems and apparatus for energy-related information exposure for User Equipment (UE) and Network Functions (NF) in 5G systems. By adopting energy efficiency metrics for 5G UEs, NFs, and network slices, this solution creates a consistent benchmark to compare energy efficiency performance within the 5G ecosystem. Additionally, this framework enables new business models, positioning network efficiency as a key service criterion. It empowers network operators and service providers to make more efficient use of energy and meet their GHG reduction goals. Moreover, service subscribers are provided the option to offset emissions by choosing renewable energy sources or paying a premium for an enhanced user experience, contributing to environmental sustainability.
[0075] Commercial interests for some embodiments are as follows. 1. Solve issues in the prior art and other issues. 2. Environmental impact reduction. 3. Improve energy efficiency Metrics. 4. Provide a good communication performance. 5. Provide high reliability. Some embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in many applications. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are used by chipset vendors, video system development vendors, automakers including cars, trains, trucks, buses, bicycles, moto-bikes, helmets, and etc., drones (unmanned aerial vehicles) , smartphone makers, communication devices for public safety use, AR / VR / MR device maker for example gaming, conference / seminar, education purposes. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are a combination of “techniques / processes” that can be adopted in video standards to create an end product. Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose technical mechanisms. The at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure may be used for current and / or new / future standards regarding communication systems such as a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. Compatible products follow at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure. The proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus are widely used in a UE, a base station, and / or a communication system. With the implementation of the at least one proposed solution, method, system, and apparatus of some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one modification to methods and apparatus of feeder link switchover in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication environment are considered for standardizing.
[0076] FIG. 6 is an example of a computing device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Any suitable computing device can be used for performing the operations described herein. For example, FIG. 6 illustrates an example of the computing device 1100 that can implement some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the computing device 1100 can include a processor 1112 that is communicatively coupled to a memory 1114 and that executes computer-executable program code and / or accesses information stored in the memory 1114. The processor 1112 may include a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit ( “ASIC” ) , a state machine, or other processing device. The processor 1112 can include any of a number of processing devices, including one. Such a processor can include or may be in communication with a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor 1112, cause the processor to perform the operations described herein.
[0077] The memory 1114 can include any suitable non-transitory computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium can include any electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage device capable of providing a processor with computer-readable instructions or other program code. Non-limiting examples of a computer-readable medium include a magnetic disk, a memory chip, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a configured processor, optical storage, magnetic tape or other magnetic storage, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read instructions. The instructions may include processor-specific instructions generated by a compiler and / or an interpreter from code written in any suitable computer-programming language, including, for example, C, C++, C#, visual basic, java, python, perl, javascript, and actionscript.
[0078] The computing device 1100 can also include a bus 1116. The bus 1116 can communicatively couple one or more components of the computing device 1100. The computing device 1100 can also include a number of external or internal devices such as input or output devices. For example, the computing device 1100 is illustrated with an input / output ( “I / O” ) interface 1118 that can receive input from one or more input devices 1120 or provide output to one or more output devices 1122. The one or more input devices 1120 and one or more output devices 1122 can be communicatively coupled to the I / O interface 1118. The communicative coupling can be implemented via any suitable manner (e.g., a connection via a printed circuit board, connection via a cable, communication via wireless transmissions, etc. ) . Non-limiting examples of input devices 1120 include a touch screen (e g., one or more cameras for imaging a touch area or pressure sensors for detecting pressure changes caused by a touch) , a mouse, a keyboard, or any other device that can be used to generate input events in response to physical actions by a user of a computing device. Non-limiting examples of output devices 1122 include a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, an external monitor, a speaker, or any other device that can be used to display or otherwise present outputs generated by a computing device.
[0079] The computing device 1100 can execute program code that configures the processor 1112 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 5. The program code may be resident in the memory 1114 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the processor 1112 or any other suitable processor.
[0080] The computing device 1100 can also include at least one network interface device 1124. The network interface device 1124 can include any device or group of devices suitable for establishing a wired or wireless data connection to one or more data networks 1128. Non limiting examples of the network interface device 1124 include an Ethernet network adapter, a modem, and / or the like. The computing device 1100 can transmit messages as electronic or optical signals via the network interface device 1124.
[0081] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example of a communication system 1200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into the communication system 1200 using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. FIG. 7 illustrates the communication system 1200 including a radio frequency (RF) circuitry 1210, a baseband circuitry 1220, an application circuitry 1230, a memory / storage 1240, a display 1250, a camera 1260, a sensor 1270, and an input / output (I / O) interface 1280, coupled with each other at least as illustrated.
[0082] The application circuitry 1230 may include a circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors, such as graphics processors, application processors. The processors may be coupled with the memory / storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications and / or operating systems running on the system. The communication system 1200 can execute program code that configures the application circuitry 1230 to perform one or more of the operations described above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 5. The program code may be resident in the application circuitry 1230 or any suitable computer-readable medium and may be executed by the application circuitry 1230 or any other suitable processor.
[0083] The baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry may handle various radio control functions that may enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and / or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) . Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.
[0084] In various embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1220 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a baseband frequency. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency. The RF circuitry 1210 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 1210 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a radio frequency. For example, in some embodiments, RF circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.
[0085] In various embodiments, the transmitter circuitry, control circuitry, or receiver circuitry discussed above with respect to some embodiments of FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of the RF circuitry, the baseband circuitry, and / or the application circuitry. As used herein, “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) , and / or a memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the electronic device circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry, the application circuitry, and / or the memory / storage may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC) . The memory / storage 1240 may be used to load and store data and / or instructions, for example, for system. The memory / storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) ) , and / or non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.
[0086] In various embodiments, the I / O interface 1280 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system and / or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system. User interfaces may include, but are not limited to a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, etc. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a non-volatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, and a power supply interface. In various embodiments, the sensor 1270 may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and / or location information related to the system. In some embodiments, the sensors may include, but are not limited to, a gyro sensor, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit. The positioning unit may also be part of, or interact with, the baseband circuitry and / or RF circuitry to communicate with components of a positioning network, e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) satellite.
[0087] In various embodiments, the display 1250 may include a display, such as a liquid crystal display and a touch screen display. In various embodiments, the communication system 1200 may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a netbook, an ultrabook, a smartphone, an AR / VR glasses, etc. In various embodiments, system may have more or less components, and / or different architectures. Where appropriate, methods described herein may be implemented as a computer program. The computer program may be stored on a storage medium, such as a non-transitory storage medium.
[0088] A person having ordinary skill in the art understands that each of the units, algorithm, and steps described and disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are realized using electronic hardware or combinations of software for computers and electronic hardware. Whether the functions run in hardware or software depends on the condition of application and design requirement for a technical plan. A person having ordinary skill in the art can use different ways to realize the function for each specific application while such realizations should not go beyond the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art that he / she can refer to the working processes of the system, device, and unit in the above-mentioned embodiment since the working processes of the above-mentioned system, device, and unit are basically the same. For easy description and simplicity, these working processes will not be detailed.
[0089] It is understood that the disclosed system, device, and method in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized with other ways. The above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary only. The division of the units is merely based on logical functions while other divisions exist in realization. It is possible that a plurality of units or components are combined or integrated in another system. It is also possible that some characteristics are omitted or skipped. On the other hand, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communicative coupling operate through some ports, devices, or units whether indirectly or communicatively by ways of electrical, mechanical, or other kinds of forms.
[0090] The units as separating components for explanation are or are not physically separated. The units for display are or are not physical units, that is, located in one place or distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units are used according to the purposes of the embodiments. Moreover, each of the functional units in each of the embodiments can be integrated in one processing unit, physically independent, or integrated in one processing unit with two or more than two units.
[0091] If the software function unit is realized and used and sold as a product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium in a computer. Based on this understanding, the technical plan proposed by the present disclosure can be essentially or partially realized as the form of a software product. Or, one part of the technical plan beneficial to the conventional technology can be realized as the form of a software product. The software product in the computer is stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of commands for a computational device (such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to run all or some of the steps disclosed by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes a USB disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , a floppy disk, or other kinds of media capable of storing program codes.
[0092] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A method of managing energy-related information performed by an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) service consumer in a communication network, comprising:subscribing, by the EBF service consumer, to an EBF to receive a notification of an Energy Efficiency (EE) information or an Energy Consumption (EC) information, and unsubscribing from the EBF to stop receiving the notification of the EE information or the EC information; andrequesting and obtaining, by the EBF service consumer, the EE information or the EC information from the EBF.2.The method of claim 1, wherein an exposure of the EE information or the EC information to an Application Function (AF) or an Application Server (AS) is performed via a Network Exposure Function (NEF) by utilizing a subscription of the EE information or the EC information to the EBF.3.The method of claim 1, wherein an exposure of the EE information or the EC information to an Application Function (AF) or an Application Server (AS) is performed via a Network Exposure Function (NEF) by utilizing a request of the EE information or the EC information to the EBF.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the EE information or the EC information is focused on user plane metrics, including a User Plane Function (UPF) , a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session, a Quality of Service (QoS) flow, and / or a Packet Detection Function (PDF) flow.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the EE information or the EC information comprises performance counters, and a sum of the performance counters is a weighted sum of transactions, with higher energy-consuming transactions assigned greater weights.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the EBF service consumer requests the EBF to calculate energy efficiency metrics for network slices.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the EBF service consumer requests energy consumption information for network functions (NFs) by providing NF instance IDs, NF set IDs, or a NF type.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the EBF service consumer requests the EBF to identify NF instances serving a specific user based on a provided Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) .9.The method of claim 1, wherein the EBF service consumer interacts with the EBF implemented as a stand-alone 5G Core (5GC) NF, a sub-function of an existing NF, or a sub-function of a newly defined 5GC NF, for managing the EE information or the EC information in a 5GC network.10.A method of managing energy-related information performed by an Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) in a communication network, comprising:providing, by the EBF, a subscription service for notifying an EBF service consumer of an Energy Efficiency (EE) information or an Energy Consumption (EC) information, and enabling the EBF service consumer to unsubscribe from the notification of the EE information or the EC information; andresponding, by the EBF, to a request from the EBF service consumer for obtaining the EE information or the EC information.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the EBF exposes the EE information or the EC information to an Application Function (AF) or an Application Server (AS) via a Network Exposure Function (NEF) by utilizing a subscription of the EE information or the EC information.12.The method of claim 10, wherein the EBF exposes the EE information or the EC information to an Application Function (AF) or an Application Server (AS) via a Network Exposure Function (NEF) by utilizing a request of the EE information or the EC information.13.The method of claim 10, wherein the EE information or the EC information provided by the EBF is focused on user plane metrics, including a User Plane Function (UPF) , a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session, a Quality of Service (QoS) flow, and / or a Packet Detection Function (PDF) flow.14.The method of claim 10, wherein the EE information or the EC information provided by the EBF comprises performance counters, and a sum of the performance counters is a weighted sum of transactions, with higher energy-consuming transactions assigned greater weights.15.The method of claim 10, wherein the EBF calculates energy efficiency metrics for network slices upon request by the EBF service consumer.16.The method of claim 10, wherein the EBF provides energy consumption information for network functions (NFs) by processing NF instance IDs, NF set IDs, or a NF type provided by the EBF service consumer.17.The method of claim 10, wherein the EBF identifies NF instances serving a specific user based on a provided Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) upon request by the EBF service consumer.18.The method of claim 10, wherein the EBF operates as a stand-alone 5G Core (5GC) Network Function (NF) , a sub-function of an existing NF, or a sub-function of a newly defined 5GC NF for managing the EE information or the EC information in a 5GC network.19.An Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) service consumer, comprising:a memory;a transceiver; anda processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;wherein the EBF service consumer is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.20.An Energy Brokerage Function (EBF) , comprising:a memory;a transceiver; anda processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;wherein the EBF is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 10 to 18.21.A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 or the method of any one of claims 10 to 18.22.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 or the method of any one of claims 10 to 18.23.A computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 or the method of any one of claims 10 to 18.24.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 or the method of any one of claims 10 to 18.25.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 or the method of any one of claims 10 to 18.
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