Locating ambient internet of things devices
The configuration of communication devices and nodes to report AIoT device location information addresses the challenge of accurate AIoT device location, enhancing operational efficiency and user experience.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/100664
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies face challenges in accurately locating Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices at the AIoT reader ID granularity, which is essential for improving AIoT operations and providing location information to consumers.
A communication device and node configuration that allows for the reporting of location information of AIoT devices based on a configuration, which includes options for report types, AIoT device types, and report methods, enabling periodic, on-demand, or event-based reporting.
Enables accurate and efficient location reporting of AIoT devices, improving operational efficiency and user experience by providing precise location information.
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Figure CN2024100664_30052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LOCATING AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to techniques for supporting locating one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Location information of one or more AIoT devices may be used for improving the AIoT operation itself, for example, by sending a command to one or more AIoT readers associated with an AIoT device rather than sending it blindly. Location information of one or more AIoT devices may be also used for providing the location information to a consumer of the AIoT service. It has been agreed that locating an AIoT device at AIoT reader ID granularity is useful for both purposes.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to a communication device, a node and methods that support locating one or more AIoT devices. With the communication device, the node and the methods, location information of one or more AIoT devices may be reported to a node (such as a node in a core network) based on a configuration for reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices.
[0005] Some implementations of a communication device described herein may comprise at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the communication device to: receive, via the transceiver from a node, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices; and report, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices via the transceiver to the node. In some implementations, the configuration comprises at least one of the following: a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices, a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, or a report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information.
[0006] In some implementations, the report type comprises one of the following: periodical type which indicates that the communication device reports the location information periodically, or on-demand type which indicates the communication device reports the location information based on a request for the location information from the node.
[0007] In some implementations, the report type comprises event type which indicates the communication device reports the location information based on an event.
[0008] In some implementations, the event comprises one of the following: direct event which indicates the communication device reports the location information directly, change of AIoT reader event which indicates the communication device reports the location information upon change of association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, enter of AIoT reader event which indicates the communication device reports the location information upon establishment of association between a second AIoT reader and the AIoT device, or presence of the AIoT device in an area of interest event which indicates the communication device reports the location information upon the AIoT device presence in the area of interest.
[0009] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: stop reporting the location information based on stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event, wherein the stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event indicates the communication device stops reporting the location information upon change of the association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices.
[0010] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: cancel reporting the location information based on cancel reporting of the location information event, wherein the cancel reporting of the location information event indicates the communication device cancels reporting the location information.
[0011] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises a list of identities (IDs) of AIoT readers which indicates the area of interest.
[0012] In some implementations, the type of the AIoT device comprises one of the following: a first type indicating that uplink transmission from the AIoT device is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally, a second type indicating that the AIoT device has a first peak power consumption, has energy storage, has neither downlink amplification nor uplink amplification, and uplink transmission from the AIoT device is backscattered on the carrier wave provided externally, a third type indicating that the AIoT device has a second peak power consumption, energy storage, has at least one of downlink amplification and uplink amplification, and uplink transmission from the AIoT device is backscattered on the carrier wave provided externally, or a fourth type indicating that the AIoT device has a second peak power consumption, has energy storage, has at least one of downlink amplification and uplink amplification, and uplink transmission from the AIoT device is generated internally by the AIoT device.
[0013] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises one of the following: a first transmission power to be used by the communication device for determining a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, locating requirement which is to be used by the communication device to determine the first transmission power, a first threshold for a received signal strength of a transmission from the AIoT device received by the communication device, a second threshold for a first difference between a second transmission power used by the AIoT device and the received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device, a third threshold for a second difference between a third transmission power used by the carrier wave node and the received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device, wherein the carrier wave node provides a carrier wave for backscattering by the AIoT device, or a fourth threshold for a timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device.
[0014] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises the third transmission power of the carrier wave node.
[0015] In some implementations, the report method comprises one of the following: a first report method in which a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices is to be determined by the communication device, a second report method in which the location of the AIoT device is to be determined by the node, or a third report method in which at least one measurement result of a transmission from the AIoT device is to be reported to the node.
[0016] In some implementations, one or more AIoT readers are located within the communication device, wherein the configuration comprises one or more identities (IDs) of the one or more AIoT readers.
[0017] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises location information of a last AIoT reader associated with an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices.
[0018] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the configuration for reporting the location information by: receiving a message used for inventory via the transceiver from the node, wherein the message comprises the configuration and an indicator indicating the message is for reporting the location information.
[0019] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises a first transmission power to be used by the communication device for determining a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices. In such implementations, the processor is further configured to perform a first transmission to the AIoT device using the first transmission power.
[0020] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: perform a second transmission to the AIoT device using a fourth transmission power, wherein the fourth transmission power is greater than the first transmission power.
[0021] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises locating requirement which is to be used by the communication device to determine a first transmission power. In such implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine the first transmission power based on the locating requirement; and perform a first transmission to an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices using the first transmission power.
[0022] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive a transmission from the AIoT device.
[0023] In some implementations, the transmission from the AIoT device comprises a second transmission power used by the AIoT device.
[0024] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a location of the AIoT device by: based on determining that the transmission from the AIoT device is received, determining that the AIoT device is near the communication device.
[0025] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a location of the AIoT device by: based on determining that a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or greater than a first threshold, determining that the AIoT device is near the communication device.
[0026] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a location of the AIoT device by: based on determining that a first difference between a second transmission power used by the AIoT device and a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or less than a second threshold, determining that the AIoT device is near the communication device.
[0027] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a location of the AIoT device by: based on determining that a second difference between a third transmission power used by a carrier wave node and a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or less than a third threshold, determining that the AIoT device is near the communication device.
[0028] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a location of the AIoT device by: based on determining that a timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device is equal to or less than a fourth threshold, determining that the AIoT device is near the communication device.
[0029] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: based on determining that the communication device fails to locate an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, transmit an indication via the transceiver to the node, wherein the indication indicates that the one or more AIoT readers are not located in the communication device.
[0030] In some implementations, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices comprises first location information of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, the first location information indicates a location of the AIoT device.
[0031] In some implementations, the first location information comprises one or more identities (IDs) of one or more AIoT readers associated with the AIoT device, the one or more IDs of the one or more AIoT readers indicate the location of the AIoT device.
[0032] In some implementations, the first location information further comprises latitude and longitude location information of the one or more AIoT readers, the latitude and longitude location information of the one or more AIoT readers indicates the location of the AIoT device.
[0033] In some implementations, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices comprises first location information of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, the first location information comprises at least one measurement result of a transmission from the AIoT device.
[0034] In some implementations, the at least one measurement result comprises one of the following: at least one received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device, or at least one timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device.
[0035] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver to the node, a transmission power associated with the at least one measurement result.
[0036] Some implementations of a node described herein may comprise at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the node to: transmit, to a communication device, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices; and receive, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices from the communication device. In some implementations, the configuration comprises at least one of the following: a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices, a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, or a report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information.
[0037] In some implementations, the report type comprises one of the following: periodical type which indicates that the communication device reports the location information periodically, or on-demand type which indicates the communication device reports the location information based on a request for the location information from the node.
[0038] In some implementations, the report type comprises event type which indicates the communication device reports the location information based on an event.
[0039] In some implementations, the event comprises one of the following: direct event which indicates the communication device reports the location information directly, change of AIoT reader event which indicates the communication device reports the location information upon change of association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, enter of AIoT reader event which indicates the communication device reports the location information upon establishment of association between a second AIoT reader and the AIoT device, or presence of the AIoT device in an area of interest event which indicates the communication device reports the location information upon the AIoT device presence in the area of interest.
[0040] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, to the communication device, a stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event, wherein the stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event indicates the communication device stops reporting the location information upon change of the association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices.
[0041] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, to the communication device, a cancel reporting of the location information event, wherein the cancel reporting of the location information event indicates the communication device cancels reporting the location information.
[0042] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises a list of identities (IDs) of AIoT readers which indicates the area of interest.
[0043] In some implementations, the type of the AIoT device comprises one of the following: a first type indicating that uplink transmission from the AIoT device is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally, a second type indicating that the AIoT device has a first peak power consumption, has energy storage, has neither downlink amplification nor uplink amplification, and uplink transmission from the AIoT device is backscattered on the carrier wave provided externally, a third type indicating that the AIoT device has a second peak power consumption, energy storage, has at least one of downlink amplification and uplink amplification, and uplink transmission from the AIoT device is backscattered on the carrier wave provided externally, or a fourth type indicating that the AIoT device has a second peak power consumption, has energy storage, has at least one of downlink amplification and uplink amplification, and uplink transmission from the AIoT device is generated internally by the AIoT device.
[0044] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises one of the following: a first transmission power to be used by the communication device for determining a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, locating requirement which is to be used by the communication device to determine the first transmission power, a first threshold for a received signal strength of a transmission from the AIoT device received by the communication device, a second threshold for a first difference between a second transmission power used by the AIoT device and the received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device, a third threshold for a second difference between a third transmission power used by the carrier wave node and the received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device, wherein the carrier wave node provides a carrier wave for backscattering by the AIoT device, or a fourth threshold for a timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device.
[0045] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises the third transmission power of the carrier wave node.
[0046] In some implementations, the report method comprises one of the following: a first report method in which a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices is to be determined by the communication device, a second report method in which the location of the AIoT device is to be determined by the node, or a third report method in which at least one measurement result of a transmission from the AIoT device is to be reported to the node.
[0047] In some implementations, one or more AIoT readers are located within the communication device, wherein the configuration comprises one or more identities (IDs) of the one or more AIoT readers.
[0048] In some implementations, the configuration comprises location information of a last AIoT reader associated with an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices.
[0049] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the configuration for reporting the location information by: receiving a message used for inventory via the transceiver from the node, wherein the message comprises the configuration and an indicator indicating the message is for reporting the location information.
[0050] In some implementations, the configuration comprises a first transmission power to be used by the communication device for determining a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices.
[0051] In some implementations, the configuration further comprises locating requirement which is to be used by the communication device to determine a first transmission power.
[0052] In some implementations, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices comprises first location information of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, the first location information indicates a location of the AIoT device.
[0053] In some implementations, the first location information comprises one or more identities (IDs) of one or more AIoT readers associated with the AIoT device, the one or more IDs of the one or more AIoT readers indicate the location of the AIoT device.
[0054] In some implementations, the first location information further comprises latitude and longitude location information of the one or more AIoT readers, the latitude and longitude location information of the one or more AIoT readers indicates the location of the AIoT device.
[0055] In some implementations, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices comprises first location information of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, the first location information comprises at least one measurement result of a transmission from the AIoT device.
[0056] In some implementations, the at least one measurement result comprises one of the following: at least one received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device, or at least one timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device.
[0057] In some implementations, the node is further configured to: receive, from the communication device, a transmission power associated with the at least one measurement result.
[0058] Some implementations of a method described herein may comprise: receiving, from a node, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices; and reporting, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices to the node. In some implementations, the configuration comprises at least one of the following: a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices, a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, or a report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information.
[0059] Some implementations of a method described herein may comprise: transmitting, to a communication device, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices; and receiving, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices from the communication device. In some implementations, the configuration comprises at least one of the following: a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices, a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, or a report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information.
[0060] Some implementations of a processor described herein may comprise at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: receive, via the transceiver from a node, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices; and report, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices via the transceiver to the node. In some implementations, the configuration comprises at least one of the following: a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices, a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, or a report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information.
[0061] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0062] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0063] Fig. 2 illustrates another example of a wireless communications system that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0064] Fig. 3A illustrates a further example of a wireless communications system that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0065] Fig. 3B illustrates a still further example of a wireless communications system that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0066] Fig. 3C illustrates a yet further example of a wireless communications system that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0067] Figs. 4, 5 and 6 illustrate a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0068] Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a device that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure;
[0069] Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a processor that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0070] Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate a flowchart of a method that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0071] Various aspects of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0072] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0073] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0074] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0075] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0076] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0077] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one at least one of network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more terminal devices or UEs 104, a core network (CN) 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as a long-term evolution (LTE) network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0078] The network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station (BS) , a network element, a radio access network (RAN) node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. The network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102. Hereinafter, some implementations of the present disclosure will be described by taking a base station as an example of the network entity 102. Thus, the network entity 102 may be used interchangeably with the base station 102.
[0079] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0080] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0081] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0082] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0083] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0084] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0085] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0086] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., an L3, an L2) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as an L1 (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0087] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0088] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0089] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0090] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0091] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0092] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0093] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0094] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0095] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0096] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0097] Ambient IoT devices, which are a type of devices with no or limited energy storage capability, have attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. AIoT devices have a smaller size, lower complexity, lower power consumption, and a huger number (e.g. tens or even hundreds of billion) than existing UEs. Considering the capability, the AIoT devices may include:
[0098] - Device 1: ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0099] - Device 2a: ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0100] - Device 2b: ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is generated internally by the device.
[0101] The AIoT devices are typically battery less devices with no energy storage capability, or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually, where the energy is provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power source that could be seen suitable.
[0102] Fig. 2 illustrates another example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 as described herein with reference to Fig. 1.
[0103] As shown in Fig. 2, the wireless communications system 200 may comprise a communication device 210, a node 220 and one or more AIoT devices 230. Hereinafter, the one or more AIoT devices 230 may be collectively referred to as AIoT devices 230 or individually referred to as an AIoT device 230.
[0104] In some implementations, the communication device 210 may be implemented as the base station 102 in Fig. 1. Such implementations will be described with reference to Figs. 3A, 3B and 3C later.
[0105] Alternatively, in some implementations, the communication device 210 may be implemented as the UE 104 in Fig. 1.
[0106] In some implementations, the node 220 may support, perform or process a function in the CN 106. For example, the node 220 may support, perform or process an AIoT management function (AIMF) or an AMF in the CN 106. Such implementations will be described with reference to Figs. 3A, 3B and 3C later.
[0107] Alternatively, in some implementations, the node 220 may be implemented as an operation administration and maintenance (OAM) node.
[0108] Fig. 3A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 300A that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 300A may be considered as an example implementation of the wireless communications system 200.
[0109] In the wireless communications system 300A, the communication device 210 may be implemented as the base station 102 in Fig. 1, and the node 220 may support, perform or process an AIMF 106-1 or an AMF 106-2 in the CN 106.
[0110] The AIMF 106-1 may be a CN function. In some implementations, the AIMF 106-1 may comprise the following functionality: AIoT device data processing, e.g., gathering raw data of an AIoT device, filtering and cleaning the raw data, and putting the raw data in a usable format for processing.
[0111] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the AIMF 106-1 may comprise the following functionality: device management, e.g., monitoring, managing, control and coordination of AIoT devices and / or AIoT readers (e.g., base station, UE) , wherein the AIoT reader is a device that communicates with the AIoT devices by means of AIoT radio, e.g., reads and writes data to AIoT devices using radio frequency waves.
[0112] For example, the AIoT reader may transmit an inventory request to identify individual AIoT devices. For another example, the AIoT reader may transmit a command to communicate with an identified AIoT device so as to perform an operation of the AIoT device, such as reading (read data from the AIoT device) , writing (write data to the AIoT device) , or disabling (disable the AIoT device temporarily or permanently) . For a further example, the AIoT reader may transmit an AIoT reader configuration, such as the configuration of the radio frequency receiver sensitivity, or radio frequency transmit power.
[0113] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the AIMF 106-1 may comprise the following functionality: service management, e.g., receiving queries from the external entities, and filtering the results from the data retrieved from the AIoT devices and / or AIoT readers.
[0114] In some implementations, some or all of the above functionalities of the AIMF 106-1 may be supported in a single instance of the AIMF 106-1.
[0115] In some implementations, the AIMF 106-1 is a logical entity in the CN 106 different from an AMF 106-2, and the base station 102 communicates with the AIMF 106-1 through the AMF 106-2 (e.g., forwarding by the AMF 106-2) .
[0116] Fig. 3B illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 300B that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 300B may be considered as another example implementation of the wireless communications system 200.
[0117] The wireless communications system 300B is similar to the wireless communications system 300A. For example, the functionalities of the AIMF 106-1 in the wireless communications system 300B are similar to those in the wireless communications system 300A.
[0118] The wireless communications system 300B is different from the wireless communications system 300A in that the base station 102 communicates with the AIMF 106-1 directly (i.e., without the forwarding by the AMF 106-2) .
[0119] Fig. 3C illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 300C that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 300C may be considered as another example implementation of the wireless communications system 200.
[0120] The wireless communications system 300C is similar to the wireless communications system 300A. For example, the functionalities of the AIMF 106-1 in the wireless communications system 300C are similar to those in the wireless communications system 300A.
[0121] The wireless communications system 300C is different from the wireless communications system 300A in that the AIMF 106-1 is a function in the AMF 106-2.
[0122] In some implementations, if the AIMF 106-1 is an internal function in the AMF 106-2 as shown in Fig. 3C, the procedures between the AMF 106-2 and the AIMF 106-1 are ignored in the following embodiments.
[0123] In some implementations, if the base station 102 communicates with the AIMF 106-1 directly as shown in Fig. 3B, the procedures between the base station 102 and the AMF 106-2 are applied to the procedures between the base station 102 and the AIMF 106-1.
[0124] Fig. 4 illustrates a signaling diagram of an example process 400 that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 400 may implement aspects of the wireless communications systems as described herein with reference to Figs. 1 through 3C, respectively. The process 400 may involve the communication device 210, the node 220 and the one or more AIoT devices 230 in Fig. 2.
[0125] As shown in Fig. 4, the node 220 transmits 410, to the communication device 210, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices 230.
[0126] In turn, the communication device 210 reports 420, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230 to the node 220.
[0127] With the process 400, location information of one or more AIoT devices may be reported to a node (such as the AIMF 106-1 in the CN 106) based on the configuration.
[0128] Fig. 5 illustrates a signaling diagram of an example process 500 that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 500 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 400. The process 500 may involve the communication device 210, the node 220 and the one or more AIoT devices 230 in Fig. 2.
[0129] Generally, in the process 500, at least one location of the one or more AIoT devices 230 is determined by the communication device 210. The communication device 210 may be implemented as the base station 102 or the UE 104 in Fig. 1. The node 220 may support, perform or process the AIMF 106-1 or the AMF 106-2 in the CN 106 as shown in Figs. 3A, 3B and 3C. One or more AIoT readers may be located within the communication device 210. If there is only one AIoT reader within the communication device 210, the communication device 210 may be referred to as an AIoT reader.
[0130] As shown in Fig. 5, the node 220 transmits 510, to the communication device 210, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices 230. Hereinafter, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices 230 is also referred to as an AIoT location report configuration for brevity.
[0131] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may further comprise one or more IDs of the one or more AIoT devices.
[0132] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration is a message used by the node 220 to request the communication device 210 to report the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230. For example, the AIoT location report configuration is included in an NGAP message if the communication device 210 is a base station. For example, the AIoT location report configuration is included in a non-access stratum (NAS) message if the communication device 210 is a UE.
[0133] Alternatively, in some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration is included in a message used for inventory (e.g., a paging message) . In such implementations, the message used for inventory also comprise an indicator which indicates the message is for reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230. In this way, the inventory procedure may be used to support locating the one or more AIoT devices 230.
[0134] In some implementations, one or more AIoT readers may be located within the communication device 210. In such implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise one or more identities (IDs) of the one or more AIoT readers. An ID of an AIoT reader may be used to identify the AIoT reader within the communication device 210. In some implementations, the ID of the AIoT reader is a global ID used to globally identify the AIoT reader.
[0135] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise information of a last AIoT reader associated with an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. For example, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise an ID of the last AIoT reader associated with the AIoT device. For another example, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise location information of the last AIoT reader associated with the AIoT device in a certain time, e.g., within a time period.
[0136] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230.
[0137] In some implementations, the report type may comprise periodical type which indicates that the communication device 210 reports the location information periodically. For example, the periodical type may indicate that the communication device 210 reports the location information in a period of 3600 seconds.
[0138] Alternatively, in some implementations, the report type may comprise on-demand type which indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information based on a request for the location information from the node 220. In such implementations, a waiting time may be included in the AIoT location report configuration. The waiting time indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230 before the waiting time expires.
[0139] Alternatively, in some implementations, the report type may be absent. Absence of the report type from the AIoT location report configuration may indicate the communication device 210 reports the location information based on a request for the location information from the node 220. In such implementations, a waiting time may be included in the AIoT location report configuration. The waiting time indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230 before the waiting time expires.
[0140] Alternatively, in some implementations, the report type may comprise event type which indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information based on an event.
[0141] In some implementations, the event may comprise direct event. The direct event indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information directly.
[0142] Alternatively, in some implementations, the event may comprise change of AIoT reader event. The change of AIoT reader event indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information upon change of association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. In such implementations, the communication device 210 may determine the change of AIoT reader periodically based on an indicated time received from the node 220.
[0143] Alternatively, in some implementations, the event may comprise enter of AIoT reader event. The enter of AIoT reader event indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information upon establishment of association between a second AIoT reader and the AIoT device.
[0144] Alternatively, in some implementations, the event may comprise presence of the AIoT device in an area of interest event. The presence of the AIoT device in the area of interest event indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information upon the AIoT device presence in the area of interest. In such implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may further comprise a list of IDs of AIoT readers which indicates the area of interest. On receipt of the list of IDs of AIoT readers, the communication device 210 shall store the list of IDs of AIoT readers and use it to track presence of the AIoT device in the area of interest.
[0145] In some implementations, the node 220 may transmit, to the communication device 210, a stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event. The stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event indicates the communication device 210 stops reporting the location information upon change of the association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. Based on the stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event, the communication device 210 may stop reporting the location information upon change of the association between the first AIoT reader and the AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. In such implementations, the stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event is also referred to as a stop reporting at change of AIoT reader indication.
[0146] In some implementations, the node 220 may transmit, to the communication device 210, a cancel reporting of the location information event. The cancel reporting of the location information event indicates the communication device 210 cancels reporting the location information. Based on the cancel reporting of the location information event, the communication device 210 may cancel reporting the location information. In such implementations, the cancel reporting of the location information event is also referred to as a cancel reporting of the location information indication.
[0147] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230.
[0148] In some implementations, the type of the AIoT device may comprise a first type indicating that uplink transmission from the AIoT device is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0149] Alternatively, in some implementations, the type of the AIoT device may comprise a second type indicating that the AIoT device has a first peak power consumption, has energy storage, has neither downlink amplification nor uplink amplification, and uplink transmission from the AIoT device is backscattered on the carrier wave provided externally. For example, the first peak power consumption is equal to 1 μW peak power consumption.
[0150] Alternatively, in some implementations, the type of the AIoT device may comprise a third type indicating that the AIoT device has a second peak power consumption, energy storage, has at least one of downlink amplification and uplink amplification, and uplink transmission from the AIoT device is backscattered on the carrier wave provided externally. For example, the second peak power consumption may be equal to or less than a few hundred μW peak power consumption.
[0151] Alternatively, in some implementations, the type of the AIoT device may comprise a fourth type indicating that the AIoT device has a second peak power consumption, has energy storage, has at least one of downlink amplification and uplink amplification, and uplink transmission from the AIoT device is generated internally by the AIoT device. For example, the second peak power consumption may be equal to or less than a few hundred μW peak power consumption.
[0152] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a first transmission power to be used by the communication device 210 for determining a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. In such implementations, if there are multiple AIoT readers within the communication device 210, the multiple AIoT readers may use the same transmission power (i.e., the first transmission power) to determine the location of the AIoT device. For example, each of the multiple AIoT readers may use the same transmission power (i.e., the first transmission power) to determine proximity of the AIoT device. For example, each of the multiple AIoT readers may use the same transmission power to determine whether the AIoT device is near a respective one of the multiple AIoT readers.
[0153] Alternatively, in some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise locating requirement which is to be used by the communication device 210 to determine the first transmission power. For example, the locating requirement is a locating accuracy requirement, such as 3 meters.
[0154] Alternatively, in some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a first threshold for a received signal strength of a transmission from the AIoT device received by the communication device 210. For example, the received signal strength may comprise one of the following: received signal strength indication (RSSI) , reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .
[0155] Alternatively, in some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a second threshold for a first difference between a second transmission power used by the AIoT device and the received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device.
[0156] Alternatively, in some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a third threshold for a second difference between a third transmission power used by a carrier wave node and the received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device. The carrier wave node provides a carrier wave for backscattering by the AIoT device.
[0157] Alternatively, in some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a fourth threshold for a timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device 210. For example, the timing difference is the minimum time between the transmission from the communication device 210 to the AIoT device and the transmission from the AIoT device to the communication device 210.
[0158] In some implementations, the received signal strength of a backscattered signal at an AIoT reader within the communication device 210 is subject to a third transmission power of the carrier wave node, the propagation loss from the carrier wave node and the AIoT device, and the backscatter loss. Thus, there is a need to discuss how to determine proximity of the AIoT device by the AIoT reader if the backscattered signal is provided by a carrier wave node different from the AIoT reader. In such implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may further comprise the third transmission power of the carrier wave node. The carrier wave node uses the third transmission power during the provision of the carrier wave for backscattering by the AIoT device.
[0159] In such implementations, the AIoT reader may determine the proximity of the AIoT device by considering the transmission powers of the AIoT device and the carrier wave node. For example, the AIoT reader may obtain the third transmission power of the carrier wave node from the AIoT location report configuration or from the carrier wave node. The AIoT reader may obtain the transmission power of the AIoT device from the AIoT device or determine the transmission power of the AIoT device based on the type of the AIoT device. The AIoT location report configuration may comprise the type of the AIoT device.
[0160] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a report method to be used by the communication device 210 for reporting the location information.
[0161] In some implementations, the report method may comprise a first report method in which a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230 is to be determined by the communication device 210. The first report method is also referred to as “proximity method” .
[0162] Alternatively, absence of the report method from the AIoT location report configuration may indicate that a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230 is to be determined by the communication device 210.
[0163] With continued reference to Fig. 5, the communication device 210 performs 520 a first transmission to the AIoT device using a first transmission power. The first transmission power is to be used by the communication device 210 for determining a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230.
[0164] In some implementations, each of one or more AIoT readers within the communication device 210 may perform a first transmission to the AIoT device using the first transmission power. A transmission from the communication device 210 to the AIoT device is also referred to as R2D transmission.
[0165] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise the first transmission power.
[0166] Alternatively, in some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise locating requirement which is to be used by the communication device 210 to determine the first transmission power. The communication device 210 may determine the first transmission power based on the locating requirement.
[0167] The AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230 performs 530 a transmission to the communication device 210. A transmission from the AIoT device to the communication device 210 is also referred to as D2R transmission.
[0168] In some implementations, the transmission from the AIoT device may comprise a second transmission power used by the AIoT device.
[0169] In turn, the communication device 210 determines 540 a location of the AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230.
[0170] In some implementations, each of one or more AIoT readers within the communication device 210 may determine a location of the AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. For example, if the report method received in the AIoT location report configuration in the action 510 indicating the first report method, the AIoT reader may determine the location of the AIoT device.
[0171] Hereinafter, some implementations of determining the location of the AIoT device will be described.
[0172] In some implementations, if the communication device 210 receives the transmission from the AIoT device, the communication device 210 may determine that the AIoT device is near the communication device 210. Alternatively, if the communication device 210 receives the transmission from the AIoT device, the communication device 210 may determine a distance level from the AIoT device to the AIoT reader. Otherwise, if the communication device 210 does not receive the transmission from the AIoT device, the communication device 210 determines that the AIoT device is far from the communication device 210 or the AIoT device is not near the communication device 210.
[0173] Alternatively, in some implementations, if a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or greater than a first threshold, the communication device 210 may determine that the AIoT device is near the communication device 210. The AIoT location report configuration may comprise the first threshold. Alternatively, if a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or greater than the first threshold, the communication device 210 may determine a distance level from the AIoT device to the AIoT reader. Otherwise, if a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or less than the first threshold, the communication device 210 determines that the AIoT device is far from the communication device 210 or the AIoT device is not near the communication device 210.
[0174] Alternatively, in some implementations, if a first difference between the second transmission power used by the AIoT device and a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or less than a second threshold, the communication device 210 may determine that the AIoT device is near the communication device 210. Alternatively, if the first difference is equal to or less than a second threshold, the communication device 210 may determine a distance level from the AIoT device to the AIoT reader. Otherwise, if the first difference is equal to or greater than the second threshold, the communication device 210 determines that the AIoT device is far from the communication device 210 or the AIoT device is not near the communication device 210.
[0175] For example, the second transmission power used by the AIoT device is represented by Pdevice, and a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is represented by Preceived. If a value of Pdevice -Preceived is equal or less than the second threshold, the communication device 210 may determine that the AIoT device is near the communication device 210 or the communication device 210 may determine a distance level from the AIoT device to the AIoT reader. Otherwise, if the value of Pdevice -Preceived is equal to or greater than the second threshold, the communication device 210 determines that the AIoT device is far from the communication device 210 or the AIoT device is not near the communication device 210.
[0176] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise the second threshold. Alternatively, the communication device 210 may determine the second threshold based on the type of the AIoT device. The AIoT location report configuration may comprise the type of the AIoT device. For example, the communication device 210 may use the first peak power consumption or the second peak power consumption as the transmission power of the AIoT device.
[0177] Alternatively, in some implementations, if a second difference between a third transmission power used by a carrier wave node and a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or less than a third threshold, the communication device 210 may determine that the AIoT device is near the communication device 210. Alternatively, if the second difference is equal to or less than the third threshold, the communication device 210 may determine a distance level from the AIoT device to the AIoT reader. Otherwise, if the second difference is equal to or greater than the third threshold, the communication device 210 determines that the AIoT device is far from the communication device 210 or the AIoT device is not near the communication device 210.
[0178] For example, the third transmission power used by the carrier wave node is represented by Pcw, and a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is represented by Preceived. If a value of Pcw -Preceived is equal or less than the third threshold, the communication device 210 may determine that the AIoT device is near the communication device 210 or the communication device 210 may determine a distance level from the AIoT device to the AIoT reader. Otherwise, if the value of Pcw -Preceived is equal to or greater than the third threshold, the communication device 210 determines that the AIoT device is far from the communication device 210 or the AIoT device is not near the communication device 210.
[0179] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise the third threshold. Alternatively, the third threshold may be pre-configured by the OAM.
[0180] Alternatively, in some implementations, if a timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device 210 is equal to or less than a fourth threshold, the communication device 210 may determine that the AIoT device is near the communication device 210. Alternatively, if the timing difference is equal to or less than the fourth threshold, the communication device 210 may determine a distance level from the AIoT device to the AIoT reader. Otherwise, if the timing difference is equal to or greater than the fourth threshold, the communication device 210 determines that the AIoT device is far from the communication device 210 or the AIoT device is not near the communication device 210.
[0181] For example, time when the communication device 210 receives the transmission from the AIoT device is represented by Treader, and time when the AIoT device sends the transmission to the communication device 210 is represented by Tdevice. If a value of Treader -Tdevice is equal to or less than the fourth threshold, the communication device 210 may determine that the AIoT device is near the communication device 210 or the communication device 210 may determine a distance level from the AIoT device to the AIoT reader. Otherwise, if the value of Treader -Tdevice is equal to or greater than the fourth threshold, the communication device 210 determines that the AIoT device is far from the communication device 210 or the AIoT device is not near the communication device 210.
[0182] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise the fourth threshold.
[0183] With continued reference to Fig. 5, the communication device 210 reports 550, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230 to the node 220.
[0184] In some implementations, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230 may comprise first location information of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. The first location information may indicate the location of the AIoT device. For example, the first location information may indicate the location of the AIoT device determined by the communication device 210 in the action 540.
[0185] In some implementations, the first location information of the AIoT device may comprise one or more IDs of one or more AIoT readers associated with the AIoT device. The one or more IDs of the one or more AIoT readers may indicate the location of the AIoT device.
[0186] In some implementations, the first location information of the AIoT device may further comprise global navigation satellite system (GNSS) information of the one or more AIoT readers. The GNSS information may comprise latitude and longitude location information of the one or more AIoT readers. The latitude and longitude location information of the one or more AIoT readers may indicate the location of the AIoT device.
[0187] In some implementations, the first location information of the AIoT device may further comprise an ID of the AIoT device.
[0188] Optionally, in some implementations, if the communication device 210 fails to locate an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230, the communication device 210 may transmit 560 an indication to the node 220. The indication indicates that the one or more AIoT readers are not located in the communication device 210. For example, the communication device 210 may transmit an AIoT location failure message to the node 220. The AIoT location failure message may comprise the indication.
[0189] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling diagram of an example process 600 that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 600 may be considered as another example implementation of the process 400. The process 600 may involve the communication device 210, the node 220 and the one or more AIoT devices 230 in Fig. 2.
[0190] Generally, in the process 600, at least one location of the one or more AIoT devices 230 is determined by the node 220. The communication device 210 may be implemented as the base station 102 or the UE 104 in Fig. 1. The node 220 may support, perform or process the AIMF 106-1 or the AMF 106-2 in the CN 106 as shown in Figs. 3A, 3B and 3C. One or more AIoT readers may be located within the communication device 210. If there is only one AIoT reader within the communication device 210, the communication device 210 may be referred to as an AIoT reader.
[0191] As shown in Fig. 6, the node 220 transmits 610, to the communication device 210, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices 230. Hereinafter, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices 230 is also referred to as an AIoT location report configuration for brevity.
[0192] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may further comprise one or more IDs of the one or more AIoT devices.
[0193] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration is a message used by the node 220 to request the communication device 210 to report the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230. For example, the AIoT location report configuration is included in an NGAP message if the communication device 210 is a base station. For example, the AIoT location report configuration is included in a non-access stratum (NAS) message if the communication device 210 is a UE.
[0194] Alternatively, in some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration is included in a message used for inventory (e.g., a paging message) . In such implementations, the message used for inventory also comprise an indicator which indicates the message is for reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230.
[0195] In some implementations, one or more AIoT readers may be located within the communication device 210. In such implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise one or more identities (IDs) of the one or more AIoT readers. An ID of an AIoT reader may be used to identify the AIoT reader within the communication device 210. In some implementations, the ID of the AIoT reader is a global ID used to globally identify the AIoT reader.
[0196] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise information of a last AIoT reader associated with an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. For example, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise an ID of the last AIoT reader associated with the AIoT device. For another example, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise location information of the last AIoT reader associated with the AIoT device in a certain time, e.g., within a time period.
[0197] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230.
[0198] In some implementations, the report type may comprise periodical type which indicates that the communication device 210 reports the location information periodically. For example, the periodical type may indicate that the communication device 210 reports the location information in a period of 3600 seconds.
[0199] Alternatively, in some implementations, the report type may comprise on-demand type which indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information based on a request for the location information from the node 220. In such implementations, a waiting time may be included in the AIoT location report configuration. The waiting time indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230 before the waiting time expires.
[0200] Alternatively, in some implementations, the report type may be absent. Absence of the report type from the AIoT location report configuration may indicate the communication device 210 reports the location information based on a request for the location information from the node 220. In such implementations, a waiting time may be included in the AIoT location report configuration. The waiting time indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230 before the waiting time expires.
[0201] Alternatively, in some implementations, the report type may comprise event type which indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information based on an event.
[0202] In some implementations, the event may comprise direct event. The direct event indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information directly.
[0203] Alternatively, in some implementations, the event may comprise change of AIoT reader event. The change of AIoT reader event indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information upon change of association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. In such implementations, the communication device 210 may determine the change of AIoT reader periodically based on an indicated time received from the node 220.
[0204] Alternatively, in some implementations, the event may comprise enter of AIoT reader event. The enter of AIoT reader event indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information upon establishment of association between a second AIoT reader and the AIoT device.
[0205] Alternatively, in some implementations, the event may comprise presence of the AIoT device in an area of interest event. The presence of the AIoT device in the area of interest event indicates the communication device 210 reports the location information upon the AIoT device presence in the area of interest. In such implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may further comprise a list of IDs of AIoT readers which indicates the area of interest. On receipt of the list of IDs of AIoT readers, the communication device 210 shall store the list of IDs of AIoT readers and use it to track presence of the AIoT device in the area of interest.
[0206] In some implementations, the node 220 may transmit, to the communication device 210, a stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event. The stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event indicates the communication device 210 stops reporting the location information upon change of the association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. Based on the stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event, the communication device 210 may stop reporting the location information upon change of the association between the first AIoT reader and the AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. In such implementations, the stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event is also referred to as a stop reporting at change of AIoT reader indication.
[0207] In some implementations, the node 220 may transmit, to the communication device 210, a cancel reporting of the location information event. The cancel reporting of the location information event indicates the communication device 210 cancels reporting the location information. Based on the cancel reporting of the location information event, the communication device 210 may cancel reporting the location information. In such implementations, the cancel reporting of the location information event is also referred to as a cancel reporting of the location information indication.
[0208] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a report method to be used by the communication device 210 for reporting the location information.
[0209] In some implementations, the report method may comprise a second report method in which the location of the AIoT device is to be determined by the node 220.
[0210] Alternatively, in some implementations, the report method may comprise a third report method in which at least one measurement result of a transmission from the AIoT device is to be reported to the node 220. In this case, the location of the AIoT device is to be determined by the node 220. For example, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise a field indicating whether the at least one measurement result is to be reported to the node 220. A value of the field set to TRUE indicates that the at least one measurement result is to be reported to the node 220.
[0211] Alternatively, absence of the report method from the AIoT location report configuration may indicate that the at least one measurement result is to be reported to the node 220.
[0212] With the report method for reporting the location information, coexistence of the AIoT reader based locating method and the CN based locating method is allowed.
[0213] With continued reference to Fig. 6, the communication device 210 performs 620 a first transmission to the AIoT device using a first transmission power. The first transmission power is to be used by the communication device 210 for determining a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230.
[0214] In some implementations, each of one or more AIoT readers within the communication device 210 may perform a first transmission to the AIoT device using the first transmission power. A transmission from the communication device 210 to the AIoT device is also referred to as R2D transmission.
[0215] In some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise the first transmission power.
[0216] Alternatively, in some implementations, the AIoT location report configuration may comprise locating requirement which is to be used by the communication device 210 to determine the first transmission power. The communication device 210 may determine the first transmission power based on the locating requirement.
[0217] The AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230 performs 630 a transmission to the communication device 210. A transmission from the AIoT device to the communication device 210 is also referred to as D2R transmission.
[0218] In some implementations, the transmission from the AIoT device may comprise a second transmission power used by the AIoT device.
[0219] Upon receiving the transmission from the AIoT device, the communication device 210 determines and store at least one measurement result of the transmission from the AIoT device.
[0220] In some implementations, the at least one measurement result may comprise at least one received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device.
[0221] Alternatively, in some implementations, the at least one measurement result may comprise at least one timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device 210.
[0222] In some implementations, the communication device 210 may perform 640 multiple rounds of a locating procedure for the AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. For example, each of one or more AIoT readers within the communication device 210 may perform multiple rounds of a locating procedure for the AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. The multiple rounds of the locating procedure may resolve the confliction issue among multiple AIoT devices.
[0223] In some implementations, the communication device 210 may use different transmission powers to perform transmissions to the AIoT device during different rounds of the locating procedure.
[0224] For example, for the first round, the communication device 210 may use the first transmission power (represented by P1) to perform the first transmission to the AIoT device, and fails to receive the transmission from the AIoT device. For the second round, the communication device 210 may use a fourth transmission power (represented by P2) to perform a second transmission to the AIoT device, and fails to receive the transmission from the AIoT device. P2 is greater than P1. For example, P2 = P1+ power ramping step, where the power ramping step may be configured by the OAM or the node 220, or determined by the communication device 210 itself. For the third round, the communication device 210 may use a fifth transmission power (represented by P3) to perform a third transmission to the AIoT device, and receives the transmission from the AIoT device successfully. P3 is greater than P2. For example, P3 = P2+ power ramping step. The communication device 210 determines and stores the received signal strength of the transmission or the timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device 210 when it receives the transmission from the AIoT device successfully. The communication device 210 also stores the corresponding transmission power (e.g., P3) . With the increased transmission power for each of the rounds, the low power issue of the AIoT device may be resolved.
[0225] Alternatively, in some implementations, the communication device 210 may use different transmission powers to perform transmissions to the AIoT device during different rounds of the locating procedure, and receive the transmission from the AIoT device in each of the rounds. In such implementations, the communication device 210 may provide, to the node 220, the received signal strength or the timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device 210 and the corresponding transmission power for all the rounds.
[0226] With continued reference to Fig. 6, the communication device 210 reports 650, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230 to the node 220.
[0227] In some implementations, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices 230 may comprise the first location information of the AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230. The first location information may comprise the at least one measurement result of the transmission from the AIoT device.
[0228] In some implementations, the at least one measurement result may comprise at least one received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device, or at least one timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device 210.
[0229] In some implementations, the communication device 210 may transmit, to the node 220, a transmission power associated with the at least one measurement result.
[0230] In some implementations, the first location information of the AIoT device may further comprise one or more IDs of one or more AIoT readers associated with the AIoT device.
[0231] In some implementations, the first location information of the AIoT device may further comprise GNSS information of the one or more AIoT readers. The GNSS information may comprise latitude and longitude location information of the one or more AIoT readers.
[0232] In some implementations, the first location information of the AIoT device may further comprise an ID of the AIoT device.
[0233] Optionally, in some implementations, if the communication device 210 fails to locate an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices 230, the communication device 210 may transmit 660 an indication to the node 220. The indication indicates that the one or more AIoT readers are not located in the communication device 210. For example, the communication device 210 may transmit an AIoT location failure message to the node 220. The AIoT location failure message may comprise the indication.
[0234] Upon receiving the first location information of the AIoT device, the node 220 determines 670 a location of the AIoT device based on the first location information of the AIoT device.
[0235] For example, based on the at least one measurement result of the transmission from the AIoT device, the node 220 may determine whether the AIoT device is near the communication device 210.
[0236] For another example, based on the at least one measurement result of the transmission from the AIoT device, the node 220 may determine the probable GNSS information of the AIoT device.
[0237] With the process 600, the communication device 210 reports, to the node 220, the at least one measurement result of the transmission from the AIoT device. Based on the at least one measurement result, the node 220 may determine the location of the AIoT device. Thus, the process 600 supports locating one or more AIoT devices by the node 220.
[0238] Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a device 700 that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 700 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 700 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 700 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 702, a memory 704, a transceiver 706, and, optionally, an I / O controller 708. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0239] The processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0240] In some implementations, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 702 and the memory 704 coupled with the processor 702 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 702, instructions stored in the memory 704) .
[0241] For example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a node, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices; and reporting, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices via the transceiver to the node.
[0242] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 702 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: transmitting, to a communication device, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices; and receiving, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices from the communication device.
[0243] The processor 702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 702 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 702. The processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 704) to cause the device 700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0244] The memory 704 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 702 cause the device 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 702 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 704 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0245] The I / O controller 708 may manage input and output signals for the device 700. The I / O controller 708 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 702. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 700 via the I / O controller 708 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 708.
[0246] In some implementations, the device 700 may include a single antenna 710. However, in some other implementations, the device 700 may have more than one antenna 710 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 706 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 710, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 706 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 706 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 710 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 710. The transceiver 706 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0247] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 710 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0248] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 710 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0249] Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a processor 800 that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 800 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may include a controller 802 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may optionally include at least one memory 804, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 800 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 806. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0250] The processor 800 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0251] The controller 802 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 802 may operate as a control unit of the processor 800, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 800. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0252] The controller 802 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 804 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 802 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 804. The controller 802 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 802 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 802 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 800. The controller 802 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 800.
[0253] The memory 804 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 800 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 804 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the memory 804 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 800) .
[0254] The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 800, cause the processor 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 802 and / or the processor 800 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the processor 800 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 800 and / or the controller 802 may be coupled with or to the memory 804, the processor 800, the controller 802, and the memory 804 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 800 may include multiple processors and the memory 804 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0255] The one or more ALUs 806 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 806 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 806 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . One or more ALUs 806 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 806 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 806 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 806 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 806 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0256] The processor 800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 800 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a node, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices; and reporting, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices via the transceiver to the node.
[0257] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 800 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: transmitting, to a communication device, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices; and receiving, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices from the communication device.
[0258] Fig. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by the communication device 210 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0259] At 910, the method may include receiving, from a node, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices. In some implementations, the configuration comprises at least one of the following: a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices, a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, or a report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1, 2, 3A, 3B or 3C.
[0260] At 920, the method may include reporting, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices to the node. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1, 2, 3A, 3B or 3C.
[0261] Fig. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports locating one or more AIoT devices in wireless communication systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by the node 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0262] At 1010, the method may include transmitting, to a communication device, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more AIoT devices. In some implementations, the configuration comprises at least one of the following: a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices, a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, or a report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1, 2, 3A, 3B or 3C.
[0263] At 1020, the method may include receiving, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices from the communication device. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1, 2, 3A, 3B or 3C.
[0264] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1 to 6 are also applicable to the device 700, the processor 800 as well as the methods 900 and 1000.
[0265] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0266] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0267] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0268] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0269] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on”shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0270] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A communication device, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a node, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices; andreport, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices via the transceiver to the node; andwherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following:a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices,a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, ora report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information.2.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the report type comprises one of the following:periodical type which indicates that the communication device reports the location information periodically, oron-demand type which indicates the communication device reports the location information based on a request for the location information from the node.3.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the report type comprises event type which indicates the communication device reports the location information based on an event.4.The communication device of claim 3, wherein the event comprises one of the following:direct event which indicates the communication device reports the location information directly,change of AIoT reader event which indicates the communication device reports the location information upon change of association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices,enter of AIoT reader event which indicates the communication device reports the location information upon establishment of association between a second AIoT reader and the AIoT device, orpresence of the AIoT device in an area of interest event which indicates the communication device reports the location information upon the AIoT device presence in the area of interest.5.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:stop reporting the location information based on stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event, wherein the stop reporting at change of AIoT reader event indicates the communication device stops reporting the location information upon change of the association between a first AIoT reader and an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices; orcancel reporting the location information based on cancel reporting of the location information event, wherein the cancel reporting of the location information event indicates the communication device cancels reporting the location information.6.The communication device of claim 4, wherein the configuration further comprises a list of identities (IDs) of AIoT readers which indicates the area of interest.7.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the configuration further comprises one of the following:a first transmission power to be used by the communication device for determining a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices,locating requirement which is to be used by the communication device to determine the first transmission power,a first threshold for a received signal strength of a transmission from the AIoT device received by the communication device,a second threshold for a first difference between a second transmission power used by the AIoT device and the received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device,a third threshold for a second difference between a third transmission power used by the carrier wave node and the received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device, wherein the carrier wave node provides a carrier wave for backscattering by the AIoT device, ora fourth threshold for a timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device.8.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the report method comprises one of the following:a first report method in which a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices is to be determined by the communication device,a second report method in which the location of the AIoT device is to be determined by the node, ora third report method in which at least one measurement result of a transmission from the AIoT device is to be reported to the node.9.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the configuration further comprises location information of a last AIoT reader associated with an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices.10.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to receive the configuration for reporting the location information by:receiving a message used for inventory via the transceiver from the node, wherein the message comprises the configuration and an indicator indicating the message is for reporting the location information.11.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices by:based on determining that a transmission from the AIoT device is received, determining that the AIoT device is near the communication device.12.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices by:based on determining that a received signal strength of a transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or greater than a first threshold, determining that the AIoT device is near the communication device.13.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices by:based on determining that a first difference between a second transmission power used by the AIoT device and a received signal strength of the transmission from the AIoT device is equal to or less than a second threshold, determining that the AIoT device is near the communication device.14.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a location of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices by:based on determining that a timing difference between the AIoT device and the communication device is equal to or less than a fourth threshold, determining that the AIoT device is near the communication device.15.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:based on determining that the communication device fails to locate an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, transmit an indication via the transceiver to the node, wherein the indication indicates that one or more AIoT readers are not located in the communication device.16.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the location information of the one or more AIoT devices comprises first location information of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, the first location information indicates a location of the AIoT device; andwherein the first location information comprises one or more identities (IDs) of one or more AIoT readers associated with the AIoT device, the one or more IDs of the one or more AIoT readers indicate the location of the AIoT device.17.The communication device of claim 1, wherein the location information of the one or more AIoT devices comprises first location information of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, the first location information comprises at least one measurement result of a transmission from the AIoT device.18.A node, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the node to:transmit, to a communication device, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices; andreceive, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices from the communication device; andwherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following:a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices,a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, ora report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information.19.A method for wireless communication, comprising:receiving, from a node, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices; andreporting, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices to the node; andwherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following:a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices,a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, ora report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:receive, via the transceiver from a node, a configuration for reporting location information of one or more ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices; andreport, based on the configuration, the location information of the one or more AIoT devices via the transceiver to the node; andwherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following:a report type indicating a type of reporting the location information of the one or more AIoT devices,a type of an AIoT device of the one or more AIoT devices, ora report method to be used by the communication device for reporting the location information.
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