Method and apparatus of supporting artificial intelligence (AI) applications in wireless communications
By enabling user equipment to report capabilities and receive configuration for measurement predictions, the system optimizes AI application support in wireless communications, addressing challenges in prediction determination and method choice.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/107847
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-30
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems face challenges in effectively supporting artificial intelligence (AI) applications, particularly in predicting measurement results and measurement events, due to uncertainties in determining when to perform these predictions and the choice between indirect or direct prediction methods.
The proposed solution involves user equipment (UE) reporting capability information for measurement result and event prediction to the network, which configures the UE based on this information. The UE then performs predictions based on received configuration, including thresholds for triggering predictions, and reports the results back to the network.
This approach enables efficient support for AI applications in wireless communications by allowing the network to optimize prediction configurations based on UE capabilities, improving prediction accuracy and reducing unnecessary computations.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024107847_30052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS OF SUPPORTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to techniques of supporting artificial intelligence (AI) applications in wireless communications, e.g., prediction of measurement results and / or measurement events in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a UE for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: report UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction; receive configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; and perform one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information.
[0005] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the UE capability information on the measurement result prediction may include one or more of the following: capability to support measurement result prediction, intra-frequency measurement result prediction, inter-frequency measurement result prediction, intra-cell measurement result prediction, inter-cell measurement result prediction, spatial domain measurement prediction, temporal domain measurement prediction, beam level measurement prediction, cell level measurement prediction, or maximum time that UE is capable of predicting measurement results.
[0006] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration information on the measurement result prediction may include one or more of the following: configuration of reference signal (RS) resources based on which the measurement result prediction will be performed; information on frequency for which the measurement result prediction will be performed; information on candidate cells for which the measurement result prediction will be performed; information on prediction window within which the measurement result prediction will be performed; or information on thresholds related to the measurement result prediction.
[0007] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the information on thresholds indicates at least one threshold for controlling whether to perform measurement result prediction.
[0008] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the information on thresholds indicates a first threshold for controlling whether actual measurements are triggered and a second threshold for controlling whether measurement result prediction is triggered.
[0009] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to: check thresholds related to the measurement result prediction to determine whether to perform the measurement result prediction based on one or more of predicted measurement results or actual measurement results.
[0010] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, whether the predicted measurement results can be used to check the thresholds related to the measurement result prediction is configured by network or predefined.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case that the predicted measurement results for a time instance can be used for checking the thresholds, the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to: check the thresholds related to the measurement result prediction based on the predicted measurement results in response to that the predicted measurement results are available, and store results of the checking; or store the predicted measurement results in response to that the predicted measurement results at the time instance are available, and check the thresholds related to the measurement result prediction at the time instance based on the predicted measurement results.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the processor is configured to cause the UE to: start to perform the actual measurements in the case that a result of checking the first threshold indicates that the actual measurements are triggered; and start to predict measurement results in the case that a result of checking the second threshold indicates that the measurement result prediction is triggered.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, maximum time at which measurement results or measurement events will be predicted is configured by network or based on UE implementation.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the UE capability information on measurement event prediction may include one or more of the following: capability to support measurement result prediction, intra-frequency measurement result prediction, inter-frequency measurement result prediction, intra-cell measurement result prediction, inter-cell measurement result prediction, spatial domain measurement prediction, temporal domain measurement prediction, beam level measurement prediction, cell level measurement prediction, maximum time that UE is capable of predicting measurement results, indirect measurement event prediction, direct measurement event prediction, or maximum time that UE is capable of predicting measurement events.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the configuration information on the measurement event prediction may include one or more of the following: information on measurement events to be predicted; information on frequency for which the measurement event prediction will be performed; information on prediction window within which UE will perform measurement event prediction; information on thresholds related to measurement event prediction; indication to indicate whether indirect prediction or direction prediction is used for measurement event prediction; or indication to indicate whether a time instance of leaving condition is predicted or not.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the information on thresholds indicates a reference signal receiving power (RSRP) value as a threshold for controlling whether to perform measurement event prediction.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to: start to predict measurement events in the case that a RSRP value of a serving cell of the UE is less than the threshold.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, whether indirect prediction or direction prediction is used for measurement event prediction is configured by network or based on UE implementation.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to: report whether indirect prediction or direction prediction is used for measurement event prediction.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case of performing measurement event prediction, the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to report one or more of the following in a report for measurement event prediction: predicted measurement results in the case that a measurement event occurs; current actual or predicted measurement results in a time point of reporting predicted measurement event; a time instance when a measurement event is predicted as fulfilled; a time instance when a measurement event is predicted as not fulfilled after a measurement event is predicted as fulfilled; indication to indicate whether a leaving condition of predicted measurement event is met within a configured prediction window; or indication to indicate whether indirect prediction or direct prediction is used for the measurement prediction.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case of using indirect prediction, the time instance when a measurement event is predicted as fulfilled is a time instance when an enter condition of a predicted measurement event is met, and the time instance when a measurement event is predicted as not fulfilled after a measurement event is predicted as fulfilled is a time instance when a leaving condition of a predicted measurement event is met.
[0022] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a processor for wireless communication, which may include: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: report UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction; receive configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; and perform one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information.
[0023] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a network equipment (NE) for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to: receive UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction; transmit configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; and receive reporting of one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction performed based on the configuration information.
[0024] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a UE, which may include: reporting UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction; receiving configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; and performing one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a procedure of measurement result prediction in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a procedure of measurement event prediction in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] Figure 7 illustrates a flowchart of method performed by a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of method performed by a NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] AI, at least including machine learning (ML) is used to learn and perform certain tasks via training neural networks (NNs) with vast amounts of data, which is successfully applied in computer vison (CV) and nature language processing (NLP) areas. Deep learning, which is a subordinate concept of ML, utilizes multi-layered NNs as an “AI model” (or referred to as AI / ML model or the like) or "AI-based model" (or referred to as AI / ML based model or the like) to learn how to solve problems and / or optimize performance from vast amounts of data. If AI models used on AI-based methods are well trained, the AI-based methods can obtain better performance than the traditional methods. Thus, 3rd generation partnership program (3GPP) has been considering to introduce AI into 3GPP since 2016.
[0034] For example, one 3GPP work item is to study AI / ML aided mobility for network triggered layer 3 (L3) -based handover considering AI / ML based radio resource management (RRM) measurement result and event prediction, wherein the AI / ML models can be located in the network side and / or UE side. However, there are several issues to be solved, e.g., how to determine whether and / or when to perform measurement result prediction and / or measurement event prediction, how to determine whether indirect prediction or direct prediction will be used for measurement event prediction, and what additional information will be reported together with event prediction reporting etc.
[0035] At least considering these issues, various aspects of the present disclosure propose that UE may report to the network side, e.g., a gNB, UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, e.g., whether UE is capable of supporting measurement result prediction and / or measurement event prediction etc. Based on the received UE capability information, the network side may configure one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction for UE and transmit to UE the configuration information, e.g., indicating thresholds related to whether (or when) to perform measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction etc. Based on the received configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, UE may perform one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction. UE may report one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction to the NE. For example, UE may only report predicted measurement results or measurement events to gNB, or report both predicted measurement events and associated predicted measurement results to gNB. Accordingly, the network side may receive the reporting of the one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction.
[0036] In addition, persons skilled in the art should well know that although some aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated in view of RRM measurement, measurement result prediction and measurement event prediction disclosed in the present disclosure could also be used for other purposes and should not be unduly limited to RRM measurement.
[0037] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0038] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NE 102, one or more UE 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0039] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN) , a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0040] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102.
[0041] The one or more UE 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0042] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0043] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N3, or network interface) . In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106. In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0044] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0045] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0046] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0047] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0048] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0049] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0050] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0051] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0052] UE may access a BS, e.g., serving gNB via dual connectivity (DC) including master cell group (MCG) and secondary cell group (SCG) or via MCG only. The serving gNB may configure the UE with measurement configuration related to layer 1 (L1) measurement and L3 measurement. Based on the measurement configuration, UE may perform L1 measurement and L3 measurement (both refer to actual measurements) . For example, in RRC_CONNECTED, UE measures at least one beam of a cell and the measurements results (e.g., power values) are averaged to derive the cell quality. In doing so, the UE is configured to consider a subset of the detected beam. Filtering takes place at two different levels: at the physical layer to derive beam quality and then at radio resource control (RRC) level to derive cell quality from multiple beams. Cell quality from beam measurements is derived in the same way for the serving cell (s) and for the non-serving cell (s) . Accordingly, UE may send a L1 measurement report and / or L3 measurement report to the serving BS. Measurement reports may contain the measurement results of a number of best beams if the UE is configured to do so by the gNB.
[0053] Besides the actual measurements, various aspects of the present disclosure also propose measurement prediction, e.g., intra-frequency and inter-cell spatial domain measurement prediction and temporal domain measurement prediction for beam and cell level measurements. Regarding intra-cell spatial domain measurement prediction and temporal domain measurement prediction, UE may start measurement prediction after receiving RRC configuration, or after receiving RRC configuration with different parameters and a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) based activation.
[0054] Herein, two kinds of measurement prediction will be considered, i.e., measurement result prediction, e.g., RRM measurement result prediction and measurement event prediction, e.g., RRM measurement event prediction. Both indirect prediction and direct prediction for measurement results and measurement events are supported. For example, for cell level measurement prediction model at least for measurement result prediction, at least the following three cases are considered, wherein case 1 is for indirect prediction and cases 2 and 3 are direct prediction: case1: to predict beam level results, then generate cell level results based on the predicted beam results; case 2: to directly predict cell level results based on cell level results; and case 3: to directly predict cell level results based on beam level results. With respect to measurement event prediction, indirect prediction is measurement event prediction based on predicted measurement results, and direct measurement event prediction means no intermediate result. Whether indirect prediction or direct prediction is used for measurement prediction may be configured by network side or based on UE implementation. In the case of being configured by the network side, the network may explicitly indicate indirect prediction or direct prediction to be used, or implicitly indicate indirect prediction or direct prediction to be used, e.g., by indicating the parameter (s) related to the measurement event, e.g., Time to trigger (TTT) , a3-offset, and / or hysteresis etc. parameters provided in TS38.331 or not. For example, if the parameter, TTT is provided for measurement prediction, it means that indirect prediction is used for measurement event prediction. In the case of being based on UE implementations, UE may indicate to the network side which manner and / or AI model, e.g., indirect prediction or direct prediction is used for measurement event prediction.
[0055] Measurement events that may be predicted in the present disclosure are various. Brief descriptions of some exemplary RRM events are provided below for reference. Persons skilled in the art would well know that as 3GPP specification evolves, more RRM events may be defined or some existed RRM events may be changed. Thus, the exemplary RRM events should not be used to unduly limit the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0056] "Event A1: Serving becomes better than absolute threshold;
[0057] Event A2: Serving becomes worse than absolute threshold;
[0058] Event A3: Neighbour becomes amount of offset better than PCell / PSCell;
[0059] Event A4: Neighbour becomes better than absolute threshold;
[0060] Event A5: PCell / PSCell becomes worse than absolute threshold1 AND Neighbour / SCell becomes better than another absolute threshold2;
[0061] Event A6: Neighbour becomes amount of offset better than SCell;
[0062] Event D1: Distance between UE and a reference location referenceLocation1 becomes larger than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference1 and distance between UE and a reference location referenceLocation2 becomes shorter than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference2;
[0063] Event D2: Distance between UE and a moving reference location based on movingReferenceLocation and its corresponding satellite ephemeris and epoch time broadcast in SIB19 for the serving cell becomes larger than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference1 and distance between UE and a moving reference location determined based on referenceLocation2 becomes shorter than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference2;
[0064] CondEvent A3: Conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes amount of offset better than PCell / PSCell;
[0065] CondEvent A4: Conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes better than absolute threshold where condEventA4 can also be used for current PSCell (i.e., in case it is configured as candidate PSCell for CondEvent A4 evaluation) for CHO with candidate SCG (s) case;
[0066] CondEvent A5: PCell / PSCell becomes worse than absolute threshold1 AND Conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes better than another absolute threshold2;
[0067] CondEvent D1: Distance between UE and a reference location referenceLocation1 becomes larger than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference1 and distance between UE and a reference location referenceLocation2 of conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes shorter than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference2;
[0068] CondEvent D2: Distance between UE and a moving reference location determined based on movingReferenceLocation and its corresponding satellite ephemeris and epoch time broadcast in SIB19 for the serving cell becomes larger than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference1 and distance between UE and a moving reference location determined based on referenceLocation2 of conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes shorter than configured threshold distanceThreshFromReference2;
[0069] CondEvent T1: Time measured at UE becomes more than configured threshold t1-Threshold but is less than t1-Threshold + duration;
[0070] Event X1: Serving L2 U2N Relay UE becomes worse than absolute threshold1 AND NR Cell becomes better than another absolute threshold2;
[0071] Event X2: Serving L2 U2N Relay UE becomes worse than absolute threshold;
[0072] Event I1: Interference becomes higher than absolute threshold; For Event I1, measurement reporting event is based on CLI measurement results, which can either be derived based on SRS-RSRP or CLI-RSSI. The reporting events concerning Aerial UE altitude are labelled HN with N equal to 1 and 2. Additionally, the reporting events concerning Aerial UE altitude and the neighboring cell measurements simultaneously are labelled AMHN with M equal to 3, 4, 5 and N equal to 1, 2.
[0073] Event H1: Aerial UE altitude becomes higher than a threshold;
[0074] Event H2: Aerial UE altitude becomes lower than a threshold;
[0075] Event A3H1: Neighbour becomes offset better than SpCell and the Aerial UE altitude becomes higher than a threshold;
[0076] Event A3H2: Neighbour becomes offset better than SpCell and the Aerial UE altitude becomes lower than a threshold;
[0077] Event A4H1: Neighbour becomes better than threshold1 and the Aerial UE altitude becomes higher than a threshold2;
[0078] Event A4H2: Neighbour becomes better than threshold1 and the Aerial UE altitude becomes lower than a threshold2;
[0079] Event A5H1: SpCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better than threshold2 and the Aerial UE altitude becomes higher than a threshold3;
[0080] Event A5H2: SpCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better than threshold2 and the Aerial UE altitude becomes lower than a threshold3. "
[0081] More details of various aspects of the present disclosure will be further illustrated in the following respectively in view of measurement result prediction and measurement event prediction. Persons skilled in the art should well know that since measurement event prediction may be based on measurement result prediction, e.g., in the case of indirect prediction, there may be some overlapped information and / or operation (s) for measurement result prediction and measurement event prediction in practice. The illustrated implementations separate for measurement result prediction and measurement event prediction are only used for clear descriptions and should not be unduly used to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0082] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a procedure of measurement result prediction in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0083] Referring to Figure 2, in step 201, UE may report UE capability information to network side, e.g., to a gNB after receiving a request from the network, e.g., gNB, wherein capability information on measurement result prediction may be reported. Exemplary UE capability information on measurement result prediction may include one or more of the following:
[0084] capability to support measurement result prediction;
[0085] capability to support intra-frequency measurement result prediction;
[0086] capability to support inter-frequency measurement result prediction;
[0087] capability to support intra-cell measurement result prediction;
[0088] capability to support inter-cell measurement result prediction;
[0089] capability to support spatial domain measurement prediction;
[0090] capability to support temporal domain measurement prediction;
[0091] capability to support beam level measurement prediction;
[0092] capability to support cell level measurement prediction; or
[0093] capability to support maximum (or farthest) time that UE is capable of predicting measurement results.
[0094] For example, UE may report the following UE capability information to gNB: indication to indicate to support measurement result prediction, indication to indicate to support cell level measurement prediction, and the farthest time that UE is capable of predicting measurement results, e.g., 200ms. The farthest time being two hundred milliseconds means that the farthest time at which a measurement result can be predicted by UE is 200ms later.
[0095] Based on the received UE capability information (partial or all) , gNB may configure UE to predict measurement results, e.g., cell level and / or beam level measurement results. In step 203, the gNB may transmit configuration information on the measurement result prediction to UE. Exemplary configuration information on the measurement result prediction may include one or more of the following:
[0096] configuration of RS resources based on which the measurement result prediction will be performed; if the associated RS resource configuration is provided, UE may perform prediction on top of the actual measurement result of the RS resource configuration; otherwise, if the RS resource configuration is not provided, UE may perform measurement result prediction based on direct prediction;
[0097] information on frequency for which the measurement result prediction will be performed;
[0098] information on candidate cells for which the measurement result prediction will be performed;
[0099] information on prediction window within which the measurement result prediction will be performed;
[0100] farthest (maximum) time at which measurement results will be predicted; or information on thresholds related to the measurement result prediction.
[0101] For example, gNB may transmit the following configuration information to UE: a list of candidate cells, the farthest time at which measurement results will be predicted and information on thresholds related to the measurement result prediction.
[0102] Regarding the farthest time at which measurement results will be predicted, e.g., 200ms, it may be based on UE implementation in some implementations of the present disclosure. For example, UE will at most predict measurement results at 200ms later based on the configuration information or based on UE implementations.
[0103] Regarding the information on thresholds related to the measurement result prediction, it can be configured in various manners.
[0104] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the information on thresholds related to the measurement result prediction may indicate at least one threshold for controlling whether to perform measurement result prediction. If the result of checking the at least one threshold (or, conditions respectively based on the at least threshold are met) indicates that the measurement result prediction is triggered, measurement result prediction will be triggered.
[0105] An exemplary threshold for controlling whether to perform measurement result prediction may use an existing threshold, e.g., s-MeasureConfig, which is a threshold for NR special cell (SpCell) RSRP measurement controlling when the UE is required to perform measurements on non-serving cells specified in legacy 3GPP specification, e.g., TS38.331. For example, in some scenarios, direct prediction will be used in collocated case, UE may predict current inter-cell measurement result on top of the current actual measurement results, the measurement result prediction is a spatial domain measurement prediction, and s-MeasureConfig is used to control when the UE is required to perform measurement prediction on non-serving cells. In another example, there are multiple thresholds for controlling whether to perform measurement result prediction respectively considering different scenarios and / or requirements etc., factors, e.g., a first threshold configured to control whether (or when) to perform prediction for measurement results for intra-frequency, and a second threshold configured to control whether (or when) to perform prediction for measurement results for inter-frequency.
[0106] In some other implementations of the present disclosure, the information on thresholds related to the measurement result prediction may indicate a first threshold for controlling whether actual measurements are triggered and a second threshold for controlling whether measurement result prediction is triggered. For example, the first threshold may use an existing threshold as legacy, e.g., s-MeasureConfig. If the result of checking the first threshold, e.g., s-MeasureConfig indicates that the actual measurements are triggered (or, conditions based on the first threshold are met) , legacy measurement, e.g., legacy inter-cell measurement will be triggered. If the result of checking the second threshold (or, conditions based on the second threshold are met) indicates that the measurement result prediction is triggered, measurement result prediction will be triggered. Similarly, multiple second thresholds may be defined respectively considering different scenarios and / or requirements etc., factors, and will not repeat.
[0107] In step 205, UE may perform the measurement result prediction based on the configuration information (including the case that lacking configuration for some parameter (s) and needs to perform prediction based on predefined information or UE implementations) . In the case that the configuration information provides information on thresholds related to the measurement result prediction or the information on thresholds related to the measurement result prediction is predefined, in step 205a, UE may first check the related threshold (s) to determine whether (or when) to start the measurement result prediction. If the result of checking the threshold (s) related to the measurement result prediction indicates that the measurement result prediction is triggered, UE will start to perform measurement result prediction correspondingly, and will not repeat.
[0108] Regarding how to check the related threshold (s) , various aspects of the present disclose propose several solutions.
[0109] For example, in some implementations of the present disclosure, only actual measurement results can be used for checking the related threshold (s) , and predicted measurement results cannot be used for the checking.
[0110] In some other implementations of the present disclosure, both actual measurement results and predicted measurement results can be used for checking the related threshold (s) . In some scenarios, there is no limitations to the use of predicted measurement results. Either actual measurement results or predicted measurement results can be used for checking the related threshold (s) . However, in some scenarios, there is limitations to the use of predicted measurement results. For example, the predicted measure results will only be used in the case of lacking actual measurement results. That is, if actual measurement results are available, the actual measurement results will be used to check whether the condition (s) based on the threshold (s) is met or satisfied. If actual measurement results are not available, the predicated measurement results will be used to check whether the condition (s) based on the threshold (s) is met or satisfied.
[0111] In some yet other implementations of the present disclosure, whether predicted measurement results can be used for checking the related threshold (s) may depend on the type of the predicted measurement results or other factors. For example, results from spatial domain measurement prediction can be used for checking the threshold (s) , while results from temporal domain measurement prediction cannot be used for checking the threshold (s) .
[0112] In the case that the predicted measurement results for a time instance can be used for checking the threshold (s) , UE may first check the threshold (s) based on the predicted measurement results in response to that the predicted measurement results are available, and then store the checking results; or first store the predicted measurement results in response to that the predicted measurement results at the time instance are available, and then check the threshold (s) at this time instance based on the stored predicted measurement results. For example, at time t1, UE predicts spatial domain measurement results for t2 later than t1, that is, predicted spatial domain measurement results for t2 is available at t1. Then, UE may first check the threshold (s) based on the predicted measurement results, e.g., at t1 in response to that the predicted measurement results are available at t1, and then store the checking results. For another example, at time t1, UE predicts temporal domain measurement results for t2 later than t1, that is, predicted temporal domain measurement results for t2 is available at t1. Then, UE may first store the predicted measurement results, e.g., at t1 in response to that the predicted measurement results are available at t1, and then check the threshold (s) at t2 based on the stored predicted measurement results.
[0113] Whether and how to use predicted measurement results to check threshold (s) related to the measurement result prediction, e.g., as illustrated above can be configured by network side, e.g., by serving gNB or predefined. In some scenarios, the measurement results or predicted measurement results may be only about the SpCell, e.g., primary cell (PCell) or primary SCG cell (PSCell) , which is also adaptable for measurement event prediction.
[0114] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a procedure of measurement event prediction in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0115] Referring to Figure 3, similar to step 201, in step 301, UE may report UE capability information to network side, e.g., to a gNB after receiving a request from the network side, wherein capability information on measurement event prediction may be reported. Exemplary UE capability information on measurement event prediction may include one or more of the following:
[0116] capability to support measurement result prediction;
[0117] capability to support intra-frequency measurement result prediction;
[0118] capability to support inter-frequency measurement result prediction;
[0119] capability to support intra-cell measurement result prediction;
[0120] capability to support inter-cell measurement result prediction;
[0121] capability to support spatial domain measurement prediction;
[0122] capability to support temporal domain measurement prediction;
[0123] capability to support beam level measurement prediction;
[0124] capability to support cell level measurement prediction;
[0125] capability to support farthest (maximum) time that UE is capable of predicting measurement results;
[0126] capability to support indirect measurement event prediction;
[0127] capability to support direct measurement event prediction; or
[0128] capability to support farthest (maximum) time that UE is capable of predicting measurement event, which may be per indirect prediction or per direct prediction.
[0129] For example, UE may report the following UE capability information to gNB: indication to indicate to support measurement result prediction, indication to indicate to support cell level measurement prediction, indication to indicate to support indirect measurement event prediction (e.g., measurement event prediction based on RRM measurement prediction results) , and the farthest time that UE is capable of predicting measurement events, e.g., 100ms.
[0130] Based on the received UE capability information (partial or all) , gNB may configure UE to predict measurement events, e.g., indirect or direct measurement event prediction. In step 303, the gNB may transmit configuration information on the measurement event prediction to UE. Exemplary configuration information on the measurement event prediction may include one or more of the following:
[0131] information on measurement events to be predicted, e.g., event A3, and in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the related parameter (s) , e.g., TTT may also be provided;
[0132] information on frequency for which the measurement event prediction will be performed;
[0133] information on prediction window within which UE will perform measurement event prediction;
[0134] information on thresholds related to measurement event prediction;
[0135] indication to indicate whether indirect prediction or direction prediction is used for measurement event prediction;
[0136] indication to indicate whether a time instance of leaving condition is predicted or not, wherein, a leaving condition to be predicted means that the leaving condition for measurement event is fulfilled after an entering condition for measurement event is predicted as fulfilled; or
[0137] farthest (maximum) time at which measurement events will be predicted.
[0138] For example, gNB may transmit the following configuration information to UE: information on measurement event A3 and associated parameter (s) , the prediction window for measurement event prediction, information on thresholds related to measurement event prediction, indication to indicate that indirect prediction is used for measurement event prediction and the farthest time at which measurement events will be predicted, e.g., 100ms.
[0139] Similarly, the farthest time at which measurement events will be predicted may be based on UE implementation in some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0140] Regarding the information on thresholds related to measurement event prediction, it may be a RSRP value as a threshold for controlling whether to perform measurement event prediction. For example, if the RSRP value of the serving cell of the UE is less than the threshold, UE will start to predict measurement events.
[0141] In step 305, UE may perform the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information (including the case that lacking configuration for some parameter (s) and needs to perform prediction based on predefined information or UE implementations) . In the case that the configuration information provides information on thresholds related to the measurement event prediction or there is predefined thresholds related to the measurement event prediction, UE may first check the related threshold (s) to determine whether (or when) to start the measurement event prediction. Regarding how to check the related threshold (s) , it is similar to that for measurement result prediction and will not repeat.
[0142] In step 307, when the predicted measurement event occurs (or associated entering condition and / or leaving condition is met or the like) , e.g., as specified in 3GPP specification for that based on actual measurements, UE is triggered to report associated information to the network side. For example, if the results of measurement event prediction are available, UE is triggered to report the results of measurement event prediction in a report for measurement event prediction. An exemplary report for measurement event prediction may include one or more of the following, wherein the actual or predicted measurement results may be in cell level or beam level:
[0143] predicted measurement results in the case of a measurement event occurs;
[0144] current actual or predicted measurement results in a time point of reporting the predicted measurement event;
[0145] a time instance when a measurement event is predicted as fulfilled; for example, in the case of indirect prediction (e.g., considering TTT) , UE may report the time instance when the entering condition of the predicted event is met;
[0146] a time instance when a measurement event is predicted as not fulfilled after a measurement event is predicted as fulfilled; for example, in the case of indirect prediction (e.g., considering TTT) , UE may report the time instance when the leaving condition of the predicted event is met;
[0147] indication to indicate whether a leaving condition of the predicted measurement event is met within a configured prediction window; or
[0148] indication to indicate whether indirect prediction or direct prediction is used for the measurement prediction.
[0149] For example, UE may report the following in a measurement event prediction report: the time instance when a measurement event is predicted as fulfilled and an indication to indicate that indirect prediction is used for the measurement prediction.
[0150] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a UE 400 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 400 may include a processor 402, a memory 404, a controller 406, and a transceiver 408. The processor 402, the memory 404, the controller 406, or the transceiver 408, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0151] The processor 402, the memory 404, the controller 406, or the transceiver 408, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0152] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate the memory 404. In some other implementations, the memory 404 may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 404 to cause the UE 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0153] The memory 404 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 402 cause the UE 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 404 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0154] In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to cause the UE 400 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) . For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the UE 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The UE 400 may be configured to support a means for reporting UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction; a means for receiving configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; and a means for performing one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information.
[0155] The controller 406 may manage input and output signals for the UE 400. The controller 406 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 400. In some implementations, the controller 406 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 406 may be implemented as part of the processor 402.
[0156] In some implementations, the UE 400 may include at least one transceiver 408. In some other implementations, the UE 400 may have more than one transceiver 408. The transceiver 408 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 408 may include one or more receiver chains 410, one or more transmitter chains 412, or a combination thereof.
[0157] A receiver chain 410 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 410 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 410 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 410 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 410 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0158] A transmitter chain 412 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 412 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 412 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 412 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0159] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0160] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0161] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0162] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0163] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0164] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0165] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0166] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for a means for reporting UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction; a means for receiving configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; and a means for performing one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information.
[0167] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a NE 600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 600 may include a processor 602, a memory 604, a controller 606, and a transceiver 608. The processor 602, the memory 604, the controller 606, or the transceiver 608, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0168] The processor 602, the memory 604, the controller 606, or the transceiver 608, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0169] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate the memory 604. In some other implementations, the memory 604 may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 604 to cause the NE 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0170] The memory 604 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 602 cause the NE 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such the memory 604 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0171] In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to cause the NE 600 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) . For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the NE 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 600 may be configured to support a means for receiving UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction; a means for transmitting configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; and a means for receiving reporting of one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction performed based on the configuration information.
[0172] The controller 606 may manage input and output signals for the NE 600. The controller 606 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 600. In some implementations, the controller 606 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 606 may be implemented as part of the processor 602.
[0173] In some implementations, the NE 600 may include at least one transceiver 608. In some other implementations, the NE 600 may have more than one transceiver 608. The transceiver 608 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 608 may include one or more receiver chains 610, one or more transmitter chains 612, or a combination thereof.
[0174] A receiver chain 610 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 610 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 610 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0175] A transmitter chain 612 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmitter chain 612 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 612 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 612 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0176] Figure 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the UE to perform the described functions.
[0177] At step 701, the method may include reporting UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction. The operations of step 701 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 701 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 4.
[0178] At step 703, the method may include receiving configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information. The operations of step 703 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 703 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 4.
[0179] At step 705, the method may include performing one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information. The operations of step 705 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 705 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 4.
[0180] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0181] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE to perform the described functions.
[0182] At step 801, the method may include receiving UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction. The operations of step 801 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 801 may be performed by a NE as described with reference to Figure 6.
[0183] At step 803, the method may include transmitting configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information. The operations of step 803 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 803 may be performed by a NE as described with reference to Figure 6.
[0184] At step 805, the method may include receive reporting of one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction performed based on the configuration information. The operations of step 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 805 may be performed by a NE as described with reference to Figure 6.
[0185] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0186] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:report UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction;receive configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; andperform one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE capability information on the measurement result prediction comprises one or more of the following:the capability to support measurement result prediction, intra-frequency measurement result prediction, inter-frequency measurement result prediction, intra-cell measurement result prediction, inter-cell measurement result prediction, spatial domain measurement prediction, temporal domain measurement prediction, beam level measurement prediction, cell level measurement prediction, or maximum time that UE is capable of predicting measurement results.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration information on the measurement result prediction comprises one or more of the following:configuration of reference signal (RS) resources based on which the measurement result prediction will be performed;information on frequency for which the measurement result prediction will be performed;information on candidate cells for which the measurement result prediction will be performed;information on prediction window within which the measurement result prediction will be performed; orinformation on thresholds related to the measurement result prediction.4.The UE of claim 3, wherein the information on thresholds indicates at least one threshold for controlling whether to perform measurement result prediction.5.The UE of claim 3, wherein the information on thresholds indicates a first threshold for controlling whether actual measurements are triggered and a second threshold for controlling whether measurement result prediction is triggered.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to:check thresholds related to the measurement result prediction to determine whether to perform the measurement result prediction based on one or more of predicted measurement results or actual measurement results.7.The UE of claim 6, wherein whether the predicted measurement results can be used to check the thresholds related to the measurement result prediction is configured by network or predefined.8.The UE of claim 6, wherein in the case that the predicted measurement results for a time instance can be used for checking the thresholds, the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to:check the thresholds related to the measurement result prediction based on the predicted measurement results in response to that the predicted measurement results are available, and store results of the checking; orstore the predicted measurement results in response to that the predicted measurement results at the time instance are available, and check the thresholds related to the measurement result prediction at the time instance based on the predicted measurement results.9.The UE of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to cause the UE to:start to perform the actual measurements in the case that a result of checking the first threshold indicates that the actual measurements are triggered; andstart to predict measurement results in the case that a result of checking the second threshold indicates that the measurement result prediction is triggered.10.The UE of claim 1, wherein maximum time at which measurement results or measurement events will be predicted is configured by network or based on UE implementation.11.The UE of claim 1, wherein, the UE capability information on measurement event prediction comprises one or more of the following:capability to support measurement result prediction, intra-frequency measurement result prediction, inter-frequency measurement result prediction, intra-cell measurement result prediction, inter-cell measurement result prediction, spatial domain measurement prediction, temporal domain measurement prediction, beam level measurement prediction, cell level measurement prediction, maximum time that UE is capable of predicting measurement results, indirect measurement event prediction, direct measurement event prediction, or maximum time that UE is capable of predicting measurement events.12.The UE of claim 1, wherein, the configuration information on the measurement event prediction comprises one or more of the following:information on measurement events to be predicted;information on frequency for which the measurement event prediction will be performed;information on prediction window within which UE will perform measurement event prediction;information on thresholds related to measurement event prediction;indication to indicate whether indirect prediction or direction prediction is used for measurement event prediction; orindication to indicate whether a time instance of leaving condition is predicted or not.13.The UE of claim 12, wherein the information on thresholds indicates a reference signal receiving power (RSRP) value as a threshold for controlling whether to perform measurement event prediction.14.The UE of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to:start to predict measurement events in the case that a RSRP value of a serving cell of the UE is less than the threshold.15.The UE of claim 1, wherein whether indirect prediction or direction prediction is used for measurement event prediction is configured by network or based on UE implementation.16.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to:report whether indirect prediction or direction prediction is used for measurement event prediction.17.The UE of claim 1, wherein in the case of performing measurement event prediction, the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to report one or more of the following in a report for measurement event prediction:predicted measurement results in the case that a measurement event occurs;current actual or predicted measurement results in a time point of reporting predicted measurement event;a time instance when a measurement event is predicted as fulfilled;a time instance when a measurement event is predicted as not fulfilled after a measurement event is predicted as fulfilled;indication to indicate whether a leaving condition of predicted measurement event is met within a configured prediction window; orindication to indicate whether indirect prediction or direct prediction is used for the measurement prediction.18.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:report UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction;receive configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; andperform one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information.19.A network equipment (NE) for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to:receive user equipment (UE) capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction;transmit configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; andreceive reporting of one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction performed based on the configuration information.20.A method performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:reporting UE capability information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction;receiving configuration information on one or more of measurement result prediction or measurement event prediction, wherein the configuration information is based on the UE capability information; andperforming one or more of the measurement result prediction or the measurement event prediction based on the configuration information.
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