Terminal device, network node and methods for cell reselection
By enabling terminal devices to reselect cells with shorter SSB transmission periodicities based on assistance information, the method addresses the issue of increased energy consumption and unpredictable UE behavior in 5G NR network nodes, achieving improved power efficiency and system performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/127003
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-12-01
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-05
AI Technical Summary
The energy consumption of network nodes in 5G NR is higher than in LTE due to more complex hardware, and longer SSB transmission periodicity can further increase energy consumption, while also making UE camping behavior unpredictable.
A method for terminal devices and network nodes to perform cell reselection based on assistance information that includes an indication of SSB periodicity, allowing the terminal device to select a cell with a shorter SSB transmission periodicity for reduced random access delay and improved energy efficiency.
This solution allows for better power saving in network nodes with longer SSB transmission periodicity without degrading UE performance, and optimizes system performance by balancing cells with different SSB transmission periodicities.
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Figure CN2024127003_05062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TERMINAL DEVICE, NETWORK NODE AND METHODS FOR CELL RESELECTIONTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to communications system, and particularly to methods and apparatuses for cell reselection.Background
[0002] NW energy consumption
[0003] Energy consumption of network (NW) node in NR (New Radio) increases with respect to LTE (Long Term Evolution) due to more complex hardware (HW) , e.g., higher bandwidth (BW) and a larger number of transceivers. This is particularly more evident when the NW node operates in higher frequencies. Hence it is important for the NW node to turn ON / OFF unused HW modules during inactivity times. For example, in Frequency Range 2 (FR2) , a NR gNB can be configured with up to 64 beams and transmit up to 64 Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) . This implies 32 ports with many transceiver chains involved. Such SSBs are transmitted every 20ms in 5ms windows for the sake of providing coverage to potential UEs, even if there actually are no UE present in the cell.
[0004] Currently the maximum allowed SSB transmission in 5G NR periodicity is 160ms. According to simulation, further network energy saving can be achieved if this periodicity can be longer, say up to 960ms.Summary
[0005] Due to time constraint, solutions targeting RRC_IDLE / RRC_INACTIVE have not been discussed yet, e.g. to support an even longer SSB transmission periodicity. As a result, network energy consumption might be higher than necessary.
[0006] On the other hand, a problem with longer SSB transmission periodicity is that whether a terminal device, e.g., UE, can camp on such a cell might become random. This is because in order to save UE power consumption, legacy UEs in idle / inactive state assume the SSB transmission periodicity is 20ms. Therefore, if the UE does not detect any SSB during a SSB measurement window, it will switch to another frequency and try to detect cells on that frequency. So depending on whether the SSB transmission from a cell fall into the SSB measurement window from a UE, a UE may camp on a cell with longer SSB transmission periodicity, or camp on another cell with shorter SSB transmission periodicity, which is quite random. UE camping behavior can become unpredictable. This randomness is not good for some UEs that initiate service or system performance.
[0007] In addition, system performance may be degraded. A long SSB periodicity of a cell does not necessarily result in longer access latency for a UE. For example, the PRACH opportunities may be denser in time than the SSB transmissions. But there are limitations to how large the difference between SSB periodicity and PRACH opportunity periodicity can be.
[0008] Listening for PRACH is also energy consuming for the base station, so a configuration with, say, 960 ms SSB periodicity and 10 ms PRACH periodicity makes little practical sense, since the dense PRACH occasions will stop large parts of the base station hardware to enter deep sleep modes.
[0009] UEs also need to accurately find the time position of the dense PRACH occasions in between the sparse SSB transmissions and that will increase timing accuracy and drive cost in UE implementation. Alternatively, reducing synchronization accuracy in UEs may result in poorer performance once UEs enter RRC connected mode.
[0010] Another aspect is that for two overlapping cells with different SSB transmission periodicities, most of the UEs will camp on the cell with shorter SSB transmission periodicity, this will result in quite random access load unbalancing among the two cells.
[0011] Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to at least part of the aforementioned or other challenges. Terminal devices, network nodes and methods for cell reselection are provided.
[0012] In some embodiments, a method performed by a terminal device may include receiving, from a network node, assistance information comprising an indication of SSB periodicity, and performing SSB detection based on the indication of SSB periodicity.
[0013] In some embodiments, a method performed by a network node may include: transmitting assistance information to a terminal device camping on a cell of the network node. The assistance information may include an indication of SSB periodicity based on which the terminal device performs SSB detection.
[0014] In some embodiments, a method performed by a terminal device may include: performing SSB detection; and upon at least one SSB is detected, selecting, as a candidate cell for cell reselection, at least one cell associated with the detected SSB that satisfies at least one of:
[0015] · a SSB periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than an SSB periodicity of a cell on which the terminal device camps;
[0016] · a PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than a PRACH periodicity of the camped cell;
[0017] ● the SSB periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device; or
[0018] ● the PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device.
[0019] Generally, a terminal device (e.g., UE) would like to find a new cell with shorter SSB transmission periodicity to reduce random access delay if the terminal device currently camps on a cell with longer SSB transmission periodicity. With the proposed solutions, the terminal device is allowed to reselect to a cell with a different (e.g., shorter) SSB transmission periodicity, for example, when in need for reduced random access delay.
[0020] In some embodiments, a method performed by a terminal device may include: receiving a trigger of cell reselection from a first network node when the terminal device camps on a cell of the first network node; and initiating cell reselection based on the trigger.
[0021] In some embodiments, a method performed by a first network node may include: transmitting a trigger of cell reselection to one or more terminal devices camping on a cell of the first network node.
[0022] In some embodiments, a method performed by a second network node may include: transmitting, to a first network node, information about SSB periodicity of one or more cells of the second network node available for cell reselection of a terminal device camping on a cell of the first network node. The one or more cells have a SSB and / or PRACH periodicity longer than that of the camped cell but having a radio access load lighter than that of the camped cell.
[0023] In these embodiments, when the terminal device camps on a cell with shorter SSB transmission periodicity but the random access load on that cell is too high, the cell may ask UE to camp on another cell with longer SSB transmission periodicity whose random access load is low.
[0024] In some embodiments, a terminal device may include one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the terminal device to perform any of the above methods performed by the terminal device.
[0025] In some embodiments, a network node may include one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the network node to perform any of the above methods performed by the network node.
[0026] In some embodiments, a terminal device may include: a receiving module for receiving, from a network node, assistance information comprising an indication of SSB periodicity, and a detecting module for performing SSB detection based on the indication of SSB periodicity.
[0027] In some embodiments, a network node may include a transmitting module for transmitting assistance information to a terminal device camping on a cell of the network node, wherein the assistance information may include an indication of SSB periodicity based on which the terminal device performs SSB detection.
[0028] In some embodiments, a terminal device may include: a detecting module for performing SSB detection; and a selecting module for, upon at least one SSB is detected, selecting, as a candidate cell for cell reselection, at least one cell associated with the detected SSB that satisfies at least one of:
[0029] ● a SSB periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than an SSB periodicity of a cell on which the terminal device camps;
[0030] ● a PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than a PRACH periodicity of the camped cell;
[0031] ● the SSB periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device; or
[0032] ● the PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device.
[0033] In some embodiments, a terminal device may include: a receiving module for receiving a trigger of cell reselection from a first network node when the terminal device camps on a cell of the first network node; and an initiating module for initiating cell reselection based on the trigger.
[0034] In some embodiments, a first network node may include a transmitting module for transmitting a trigger of cell reselection to one or more terminal devices camping on a cell of the first network node.
[0035] In some embodiments, a second network node may include a transmitting module for transmitting, to a first network node, information about SSB periodicity of one or more cells of the network node available for cell reselection of a terminal device camping on a cell of the first network node, wherein the one or more cells have a SSB and / or PRACH periodicity longer than that of the camped cell but having a radio access load lighter than that of the camped cell.
[0036] In some embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable instructions stored therein is provided. The computer-readable instructions, when executed by a processor of a terminal device or a network node, configure the terminal device or the network node to perform one of the above methods.
[0037] In the above embodiments, the network node can have a better power saving with longer SSB transmission periodicity, while the performance of a terminal device will not become unpredictable or degraded due to longer SSB transmission periodicity. System performance, as a whole, can be optimized when there is a mix of cells with shorter and longer SSB transmission periodicities.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0038] The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0041] Figure 3 shows an exemplary scenario including network nodes and terminal device, in which some embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied;
[0042] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0044] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a terminal device according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a terminal device (e.g., UE in Figure 3) for cell reselection according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a first network node (e.g., gNB-Ain Figure 3) according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0047] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a second network node (e.g., gNB-B in Figure 3) according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] Figure 10 shows a modularized block diagram of a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0049] Figure 11 shows a modularized block diagram of a network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0050] Figure 12 shows a modularized block diagram of a terminal device according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0051] Figure 13 shows a modularized block diagram of a terminal device according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0052] Figure 14 shows a modularized block diagram of a first network node according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0053] Figure 15 shows a modularized block diagram of a second network node according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0054] Figure 16 is a block diagram of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments;
[0055] Figure 17 is a block diagram of a user equipment according to some embodiments;
[0056] Figure 18 is a block diagram of a network node according to some embodiments;
[0057] Figure 19 is a block diagram of a host according to some embodiments;
[0058] Figure 20 is a block diagram of a virtualization environment according to some embodiments; and
[0059] Figure 21 is a block diagram of a host communicating via a network node with a UE over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.Detailed Description
[0060] The embodiments set forth below represent information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and illustrate the best mode of practicing the embodiments. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure.
[0061] Note that the description given herein focuses on a 3GPP cellular communications system and, as such, 3GPP terminology or terminology similar to 3GPP terminology is oftentimes used. However, the concepts disclosed herein are not limited to a 3GPP system.
[0062] Note that, in the description herein, reference may be made to the term “cell” ; however, particularly with respect to 5G NR concepts, beams may be used instead of cells and, as such, it is important to note that the concepts described herein are equally applicable to both cells and beams.
[0063] As used herein, a “terminal device” is any type of device that has access to an access network. Some examples of a terminal device include, but are not limited to: User Equipment (UE) , mobile phone, smart phone, sensor device, meter, vehicle, household appliance, medical appliance, media player, camera, or any type of consumer electronic, for instance, but not limited to, a television, radio, lighting arrangement, tablet computer, laptop, or Personal Computer (PC) . The terminal device may be a portable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and / or data via a wireless or wireline connection.
[0064] SSBs and associated configuration
[0065] An NR gNB can be configured with up to 64 SSBs. The configured SSBs in a cell have all the same periodicity and output power. The gNB can provide information to the terminal devices about how many / which SSBs that are active (present) within the serving cell and neighboring cells. The gNB can further provide information about the rate / periodicity at which these SSBs are provided on cell level. For the serving cell, the parameter ssb-PositionsInBurst indicates which of the SSBs that are active, and the parameter ssb-PeriodicityServingCell specifies their rate / periodicity. Furthermore, the UEs are informed about the SSBs output power via the common parameter ss-PBCH-BlockPower. When it comes to neighboring cells, a gNB can specify the neighboring active (present) SSBs via the parameter ssb-ToMeasure and the associated rate / periodicity via the SSB Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) which defines the time window during which the terminal device measures the SSBs belonging to these neighboring cells. UEs are configured with the above SSB presence and timing / rate information either in RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE via broadcast system information or in RRC_CONNECTED via dedicated RRC messages.
[0066] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the terminal device 100, e.g., UE, includes one or more processors 102 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and / or the like) , memory 104, and one or more transceivers 106 each including one or more transmitters and one or more receivers coupled to one or more antennas 112. The transceiver (s) 106 includes radio-front end circuitry connected to the antenna (s) 112 that is configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna (s) 112 and the processor (s) 102, as will be appreciated by on of ordinary skill in the art. The processors 102 are also referred to herein as processing circuitry. The transceivers 106 are also referred to herein as radio circuitry. In some embodiments, the functionality of the terminal device 100 described herein may be fully or partially implemented in software that is, e.g., stored in the memory 104 and executed by the processor (s) 102. Note that the terminal device 100 may include additional components not illustrated in Figure 1 such as, e.g., one or more user interface components (e.g., an input / output interface including a display, buttons, a touch screen, a microphone, a speaker (s) , and / or the like and / or any other components for allowing input of information into the terminal device 100 and / or allowing output of information from the terminal device 100) , a power supply (e.g., a battery and associated power circuitry) , etc.
[0067] In some embodiments, a computer program is provided to include instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of the terminal device 100 according to any of the embodiments described herein, for example, one or more of the steps included in one or more methods for cell reselection described later. In some embodiments, a carrier comprising the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as memory) .
[0068] In some embodiments, the terminal device 100 may include one or more modules, each of which is implemented in software. The module (s) provide the functionality of the terminal device 100 according to any of the embodiments described herein.
[0069] Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the network node 200 includes one or more processors 202 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and / or the like) , memory 204, one or more transceivers 206 each including one or more transmitters and one or more receivers coupled to one or more antennas 212, and network interface 214. The transceiver (s) 206 includes radio-front end circuitry connected to the antenna (s) 212 that is configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna (s) 212 and the processor (s) 202, as will be appreciated by on of ordinary skill in the art. The processors 202 are also referred to herein as processing circuitry. The transceivers 206 are also referred to herein as radio circuitry. The network interface 214 may be configured to provide communications with other network nodes and / or core network. In some embodiments, the functionality of the network node 200 described herein may be fully or partially implemented in software that is, e.g., stored in the memory 204 and executed by the processor (s) 202. Note that the network node 200 may include additional components not illustrated in Figure 2, such as a power supply and associated power circuitry, etc.
[0070] In some embodiments, a computer program is provided to include instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of the network node 200 according to any of the embodiments described herein, for example, one or more of the steps included in one or more methods described later. In some embodiments, a carrier comprising the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as memory) .
[0071] In some embodiments, the network node 200 includes one or more modules, each of which is implemented in software. The module (s) provide the functionality of the network node 200 according to any of the embodiments described herein.
[0072] Figure 3 shows an exemplary scenario including network nodes and a terminal device, in which some embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied. In Figure 3, the network nodes are shown as gNBs, and the terminal device is shown as UE, e.g., mobile phone. It is understood that other types of network nodes and terminal device may be applied here similarly. The UE is shown camping on a cell A of the gNB-Adepicted with dashed line. The gNB-B provides a neighboring cell, cell B, also depicted with dashed line. The cell A where the UE camps and the neighboring cell B may at least partially overlap with each other. The cells A and B may have different SSB transmission or RACH reception periodicities.
[0073] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods for allowing a terminal device to reselect to a cell with a different SSB and / or PRACH periodicity. For example, if the terminal device happens to camp on a cell with longer SSB and / or PRACH periodicity, the terminal device may perform a cell reselection to another cell with shorter SSB and / or PRACH periodicity according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In connection with Figure 3, for example, cell A on which the UE currently camps has a longer SSB periodicity than cell B, and the UE tends to reselect to cell B for reduced random access delay.
[0074] In the following, methods for allowing a terminal device to reselect to a cell with a different SSB and / or PRACH periodicity will be described with Figures 4 to 6, in which the terminal device may initiate cell reselection by itself.
[0075] Figures 4 and 5 are flowcharts illustrating methods performed by a terminal device and a network node, respectively, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, in which the terminal device may initiate cell reselection by itself. Here, the terminal device and the network node may be implemented as terminal device 100 of Figure 1 and network node 200 of Figure 2. For example, an application, e.g., a high layer application, in the terminal device wants to initiate a delay sensitive service. This triggers the terminal device to initiate cell reselect to find a cell with reduced random access delay. The terminal device may perform the method 600 with assistance from the network node. In some embodiments, the method 600 may include an operation S602 of receiving, from the network node, assistance information comprising an indication of SSB periodicity, and an operation S604 of performing SSB detection based on the indication of SSB periodicity. Correspondingly as shown in Figure 5, the method 700 performed by the network node may include an operation of S702 of transmitting assistance information to the terminal device camping on a cell of the network node. The assistance information may include an indication of SSB periodicity based on which the terminal device performs SSB detection. In some embodiments, the assistance information may be transmitted in system information, for example, System Information Blocks (SIB) from the current camped cell.
[0076] In some embodiments, the assistance information may include an indication of at least one of:
[0077] ● a suggested SSB periodicity, wherein the SSB detection is performed with a periodicity equal to or longer than the suggested SSB periodicity;
[0078] ● a list of candidate SSB periodicities, wherein the SSB detection is performed with a periodicity equal to or longer than each of the candidate SSB periodicities; or
[0079] ● a SSB periodicity threshold, wherein the SSB detection is performed with a periodicity larger or shorter than the SSB periodicity threshold.
[0080] In an example, the network node indicates a suggested SSB periodicity, such as 160ms. The terminal device follows the suggested SSB periodicity for cell reselection, i.e. the terminal device continuously searches a cell for a time period of 160ms so that it can find this cell with sparse SSB transmission.
[0081] In another example, the network node indicates a list of candidate SSB periodicities to the terminal device, such as {80ms, 160ms, 320ms} , or {20ms, 40ms} . Then, the terminal device follows each of the candidate SSB periodicities in the list for SSB detection, so that it can find one or more cells with SSB periodicities in the list.
[0082] In another example, the network node indicates a SSB periodicity threshold to the terminal device, and the terminal device performs SSB detection with a periodicity larger than the threshold. Alternatively, the terminal device performs SSB detection with a time window shorter than the threshold.
[0083] If there is no indication of SSB periodicity from the network node, the terminal device may use a defaulted SSB periodicity, e.g., 20ms, for SSB detection.
[0084] In some embodiments, when the terminal device (e.g., UE) may perform cell reselection based on the measurement criteria (e.g., 3GPP TS 38.304, v17.6.0) , the network node may indicate a suggested SSB periodicity to the terminal device, and the terminal device may perform measurements based on the suggested SSB periodicities on top of the measurement criteria.
[0085] For example, if the current camped cell (or serving cell) does not fulfils Srxlev >SIntraSearchP and Squal > SIntraSearchQ, and if the network node indicates a suggested SSB periodicity set is {160ms, 320ms} , the terminal device may perform intra-frequency measurements with the suggested SSB periodicities {160ms, 320ms} .
[0086] In another example, for a NR inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequency with a reselection priority higher than the reselection priority of the current NR frequency, the terminal device may perform measurements of higher priority NR inter-frequency frequencies. If the network node indicates a suggested set of SSB periodicities less than 80ms, the terminal device may perform inter-frequency measurements with the SSB periodicities of 20ms and 40ms.
[0087] In some embodiments, the assistance information may further include an indication of at least one frequency on which at least one SSB is transmitted. The terminal device may perform SSB detection on the indicated frequency. In an example, the indication may contain GSCN (Global Synchronization Channel Number) or synchronization raster points of one or more cells on which the terminal device may detect different SSBs. Here, the frequency or GSCN information may be a relative information, e.g., frequency offset, with respect to the cell on which terminal device is camped, or an absolute value of frequency.
[0088] In some embodiments, the assistance information may further include an indication of a PRACH periodicity of the candidate cell. Alternatively, the terminal device may obtain a PRACH periodicity of the candidate cell from system information based on the detected SSB.
[0089] Although not shown in Figure 4, in some embodiments, the method 600 may further include an operation of, upon at least one SSB is detected, selecting, as a candidate cell for cell reselection, at least one cell associated with the detected SSB that satisfies at least one of:
[0090] ● a SSB periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than an SSB periodicity of a cell on which the terminal device camps;
[0091] ● a PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than a PRACH periodicity of the camped cell;
[0092] ● the SSB periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device; or
[0093] ● the PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device.
[0094] Although not shown in Figure 4, in some embodiments, the method 600 may further include an operation of performing quality evaluation on the candidate cell, and deciding to camp on the candidate cell based on a result of the quality evaluation satisfying at least one of:
[0095] · a quality measurement of the candidate cell is above a specified threshold; or
[0096] ● a quality measurement of the candidate cell is not lower than that of the cell on which the UE camps by a specific amount.
[0097] In an example, the terminal device performs cell quality evaluation on the candidate cell and finds that Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of the candidate cell satisfies certain condition, e.g., above an absolute threshold, or not lower than a specific amount compared to the cell on which the terminal device currently camps. Then, the terminal device may decide to camp on the candidate cell.
[0098] That is, radio quality is not the only factor that affect camping decision. SSB / PRACH periodicity is also the factor for the terminal device to make the decision.
[0099] In some embodiments, the terminal device may detect at least two different SSBs at the operation S604, and select at least two cells corresponding to the at least two different SSBs as candidate cells. In this case, the method 600 may further include an operation of performing quality evaluation on each of the candidate cells, and an operation of selecting one of the candidate cells having the best quality evaluation. For example, the terminal device measures RSRP of each of the candidate cells, and selects one of the candidate cells having the best RSRP to camp on.
[0100] In some embodiments, the network node may transmit to the terminal device additional information about at least one of current PRACH load, UL load, DL load, a number of connected terminal devices, system bandwidth, or a number of antennas of the camped cell and / or the candidate cell. The terminal device may decide whether to camp on the candidate cell further based on the additional information.
[0101] Figure 6 illustrates a method performed by a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, in which the terminal device may initiate cell reselection by itself. In an example, the terminal device initiates cell reselection for a delay sensitive service. Differently from Figure 4, the terminal device may perform the method 800 without assistance from a network node. In some embodiments, the method 800 may include an operation S802 of performing SSB detection. The terminal device may, based on previous observations, assume there might be a cell with shorter SSB and / or PRACH periodicity nearby, and thus initiate cell reselection. Then in the operation S802, the terminal device may perform SSB detection with a periodicity defined by the terminal device based on history information about one or more cells on which the terminal device used to camp. Alternatively, in the operation S802, the terminal device may perform SSB detection with a periodicity defined randomly by the terminal device. The defined periodicity may be shorter than the SSB periodicity of the camped cell. To make sure that a cell with shorter SSB periodicity is found, the UE may perform SSB detection multiple times in the operation S802. For example, the terminal device may perform SSB detection consecutively for at least two times. If an SSB is detected for at least two times during the SSB detection, the terminal device determines that a new cell with shorter SSB periodicity is detected.
[0102] Although not shown in Figure 6, the method 800 may further include an operation of obtaining a PRACH periodicity of a cell associated with the detected SSB from system information based on the detected SSB.
[0103] As shown in Figure 6, the method 800 may further include an operation S804 of upon at least one SSB is detected in the operation S802, selecting, as a candidate cell for cell reselection, at least one cell associated with the detected SSB that satisfies at least one of:
[0104] · a SSB periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than an SSB periodicity of a cell on which the terminal device camps;
[0105] ● a PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than a PRACH periodicity of the camped cell;
[0106] ● the SSB periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device; or
[0107] ● the PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device.
[0108] In an example, once the terminal device detected SSB, it continues checking PRACH period by reading SIB based on the SSB. Then, it determines whether the detected SSB / PRACH periods satisfy network access requirements based on ongoing services / apps / use cases. Alternatively, it may determine whether SSB and / or PRACH period is shorter than in the current camping cell. If the detected cell is satisfactory, e.g. providing sufficiently low access latency (RACH occasion) and / or sufficiently frequent synchronization opportunities (SSB-based resync) , or preferable to the current camped cell, the terminal device may consider the detected cell as candidate cell for cell reselection. (Additional information from the network, such as the current PRACH load, UL load, DL load, the number of connected terminal devices, system bandwidth, number of antennas, etc., related to the current cell and / or to candidate cells may be used for camping decision as well. )
[0109] Although not shown in Figure 6, in some embodiments, the method 800 may further include operations of performing quality evaluation on the candidate cell, and deciding to camp on the candidate cell based on a result of the quality evaluation satisfying at least one of:
[0110] ● a quality measurement of the candidate cell is above a specified threshold; or
[0111] ● a quality measurement of the candidate cell is not lower than that of a cell on which the terminal device camps by a specific amount.
[0112] In an example, the terminal device performs cell quality evaluation on the candidate cell and finds that RSRP of the candidate cell satisfies certain condition, e.g., above an absolute threshold, or not lower than a specific amount compared to the cell on which the terminal device currently camps. Then, the terminal device may decide to camp on the candidate cell.
[0113] In some embodiments, the terminal device may detect at least two different SSBs at the operation S804, and select at least two cells corresponding to the at least two different SSBs as candidate cells. In this case, the method 800 may further include an operation of performing quality evaluation on each of the candidate cells, and an operation of selecting one of the candidate cells having the best quality evaluation. For example, the terminal device measures RSRP of each of the candidate cells, and selects one of the candidate cells having the best RSRP to camp on.
[0114] The above description is provided to describe a scenario where the terminal device initiates cell reselection by itself according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the following, a different scenario of cell reselection being triggered by a network node will be described with Figures 7 to 9, respectively showing methods performed at the terminal device side and the network node sides, according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure. Here, the terminal device and the network nodes may be implemented as terminal device 100 of Figure 1 and network node 200 of Figure 2.
[0115] Firstly, referring back to Figure 3, assuming that cell A has shorter SSB and / or PRACH periodicity than cell B, most UEs will camp on cell A as it is easier to find cell A than cell B. Now the UE is camping on cell A, while cell A wants to redirect the UE to cell B, for example, because cell A notices that its random access load is high. The gNB-A and gNB-B may exchange information about SSB periodicities of cells A and B with each other. This is shown in an operation S1102 of the method 1100 in Figure 9, the second network node (e.g., gNB-B) may transmit, to the first network node (e.g., gNB-A) , information about SSB periodicity of one or more cells (e.g., cell B) available for cell reselection of the terminal device (e.g., UE) camping on a cell (e.g., cell A) of the first network node. In an example, the one or more cells available for cell reselection have a SSB and / or PRACH periodicity longer than that of the camped cell but having a radio access load lighter than that of the camped cell.
[0116] In some embodiments, the second network node may further send to the first network node information about at least one of:
[0117] · PRACH periodicity of one or more cells available for cell reselection;
[0118] · radio access load of the one or more cells;
[0119] ● a timing of SSB transmission in the one or more cells; or
[0120] · a timing of SSB transmission in the one or more cells in relation to a timing of SSB transmission in the camped cell.
[0121] Information exchange between the first and second network nodes may be conducted over network interface (e.g., network interface 214 of Figure 2) between the network nodes, for example, Xn interface in the NR RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network) architecture.
[0122] Then, the first network node knows that there are one or more cells available for cell reselection of the camping terminal devices. In an operation S1002 of the method 1000 in Figure 8, the first network node (e.g., gNB-Ain Figure 3) may transmit a trigger of cell reselection to one or more terminal devices camping on its cell (e.g., UE camping on cell A in Figure 3) . In an example, the first network node may transmit the trigger of cell reselection in system information (e.g., SIB) . In some embodiments, the trigger of cell reselection may indicate to the terminal devices a reselection directed to one or more cells having a radio access load lighter than that of the camped cell. Further, the trigger of cell reselection may indicate to the terminal devices a reselection directed to one or more cells having a SSB and / or PRACH periodicity longer than that of the camped cell.
[0123] In the method 900 of Figure 7, the terminal device currently camping on the cell of the first network node may receive the trigger of cell reselection from the first network node in an operation S902, and initiate cell reselection based on the trigger in an operation S904. In some embodiments, the first network node may transmit the trigger at a time close to a timing of SSB transmission in one or more cells available for cell reselection. Then, the terminal device may perform SSB detection immediately after receiving the trigger. In this way, it is easier for the terminal device to detect SSB of the cells. In some embodiments, the trigger may include an indication of at least one of:
[0124] ● a timing for initiating cell reselection;
[0125] ● a timing of SSB transmission in one or more cells available for cell reselection; or
[0126] ● a timing of SSB transmission in the one or more cells in relation to a timing of SSB transmission in the camped cell.
[0127] For example, the first network node may inform the terminal device when to initiate cell reselection according to a time of SSB transmission in the cells available for cell reselection. In another example, the first network node may indicate a timing of SSB transmissions in the cells available for reselection in relation to a timing of SSB transmission in the camped cell. Then, the terminal device may use such information to perform SSB detection, and it is easier for the terminal device to detect SSB of the cells.
[0128] In some embodiments, the first network node may request the second network node to temporarily transmit SSB more often, for example, to temporarily perform SSB transmission with a shorter SSB periodicity in cells available for cell reselection. Upon receiving the request, the second network node may temporarily transmit SSB more often in the cells, and thus it is easier for the terminal device to detect SSB of the cells.
[0129] In some embodiments, the first network node may transmit in the trigger an indication of at least one of:
[0130] · a SSB periodicity of the cells available for cell reselection; or
[0131] ● a PRACH periodicity of the cells available for cell reselection.
[0132] Then, the terminal device may assess, based on the indication in the trigger, whether the SSB periodicity or the PRACH periodicity of the cells satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device, and initiate cell reselection directed to one of the cells whose SSB periodicity or PRACH periodicity satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device.
[0133] In some embodiments, the first network node may signal the trigger of cell reselection as mandatory or recommended to the terminal device. For example, if a cell with sufficient quality is found, the trigger of cell reselection is signaled as mandatory, and the terminal device may reselect to the found cell. In another example, if a viable cell is found to satisfy service / use case requirements of the terminal device, the trigger of cell reselection is signaled as recommended, and the terminal device may assess the cell based on additional information, such as the SSB periodicity or the PRACH periodicity of the cell, before a reselection effort is motivated. In either case, with such trigger of cell reselection from the first network node, the possibility for the terminal device to find another cell available for reselection is higher, and the terminal device may decide to camp on the found cell.
[0134] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product in the form of a non-volatile or volatile memory, e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , a flash memory and a hard drive. The computer program product includes a computer program. The computer program includes: code / computer-readable instructions, which when executed by the processor 102 of the terminal device 100, cause the terminal device 100 to perform the operations, e.g., of the procedures described earlier in conjunction with Figures 4, 6 and 7; or code / computer-readable instructions, which when executed by the processor 202 of the network node 200, cause the network node 200 to perform the operations, e.g., of the procedures described earlier in conjunction with Figures 5, 8 and 9.
[0135] Figure 10 shows a modularized block diagram of a terminal device 300 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The terminal device 300 may be configured to perform the method 600 as described above in connection with Figure 4. As shown in Figure 10, the terminal device 300 may include: a receiving module 310 for receiving, from a network node, assistance information comprising an indication of SSB periodicity; and a detecting module 320 for performing SSB detection based on the indication of SSB periodicity.
[0136] Figure 11 shows a modularized block diagram of a network node 400 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The network node 400 may be configured to perform the method 700 as described above in connection with Figure 5. As shown in Figure 11, the network node 400 may include a transmitting module 410 for transmitting assistance information to a terminal device camping on a cell of the network node, wherein the assistance information may include an indication of SSB periodicity based on which the terminal device performs SSB detection.
[0137] Figure 12 shows a modularized block diagram of a terminal device 500 according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure. The terminal device 500 may be configured to perform the method 800 as described above in connection with Figure 6. As shown in Figure 12, the terminal device 500 may include: a detecting module 510 for performing SSB detection; and a selecting module 520 for, upon at least one SSB is detected, selecting, as a candidate cell for cell reselection, at least one cell associated with the detected SSB that satisfies at least one of:
[0138] ● a SSB periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than an SSB periodicity of a cell on which the terminal device camps;
[0139] ● a PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than a PRACH periodicity of the camped cell;
[0140] ● the SSB periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device; or
[0141] · the PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device.
[0142] Figure 13 shows a modularized block diagram of a terminal device 610 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The terminal device 610 may be configured to perform the method 900 as described above in connection with Figure 7. As shown in Figure 13, the terminal device 610 may include: a receiving module 620 for receiving a trigger of cell reselection from a first network node when the terminal device camps on a cell of the first network node; and an initiating module 630 for initiating cell reselection based on the trigger.
[0143] Figure 14 shows a modularized block diagram of a first network node 710 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The first network node 710 may be configured to perform the method 1000 as described above in connection with Figure 8. As shown in Figure 14, the first network node 710 may include a transmitting module 720 for transmitting a trigger of cell reselection to one or more terminal devices camping on a cell of the first network node.
[0144] Figure 15 shows a modularized block diagram of a second network node 810 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The second network node 810 may be configured to perform the method 1100 as described above in connection with Figure 9. As shown in Figure 15, the second network node 810 may include a transmitting module 820 for transmitting, to a first network node, information about SSB periodicity of one or more cells of the network node available for cell reselection of a terminal device camping on a cell of the first network node, wherein the one or more cells have a SSB and / or PRACH periodicity longer than that of the camped cell but having a radio access load lighter than that of the camped cell.
[0145] With the embodiments described above, terminal devices are allowed to reselect to a cell with a different (e.g., shorter) SSB transmission periodicity. On the other hand, when a terminal device camps on a cell with shorter SSB transmission periodicity but the random access load on that cell is too high, the cell may ask terminal device to camp on another cell with longer SSB transmission periodicity whose random access load is low.
[0146] On the other hand, the network node can have a better power saving with longer SSB transmission periodicity, while the performance of terminal devices will not become unpredictable or degraded due to longer SSB transmission periodicity. System performance, as a whole, can be optimized when there is a mix of cells with shorter and longer SSB transmission periodicities.
[0147] Figure 16 shows an example of a communication system 1300 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0148] In the example, the communication system 1300 includes a telecommunication network 1302 that includes an access network 1304, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network 1306, which includes one or more core network nodes 1308. The access network 1304 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 1310a and 1310b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 1310) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access node or non-3GPP access point. The network nodes 1310 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs 1312a, 1312b, 1312c, and 1312d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 1312) to the core network 1306 over one or more wireless connections.
[0149] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 1300 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 1300 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0150] The UEs 1312 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 1310 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 1310 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 1312 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 1302 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 1302.
[0151] In the depicted example, the core network 1306 connects the network nodes 1310 to one or more hosts, such as host 1316. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 1306 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 1308) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 1308. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0152] The host 1316 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 1304 and / or the telecommunication network 1302, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host 1316 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0153] As a whole, the communication system 1300 of Figure 16 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0154] In some examples, the telecommunication network 1302 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 1302 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 1302. For example, the telecommunications network 1302 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0155] In some examples, the UEs 1312 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 1304 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 1304. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0156] In the example, the hub 1314 communicates with the access network 1304 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 1312c and / or 1312d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 1310b) . In some examples, the hub 1314 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 1314 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 1306 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 1314 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 1310, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 1314. As another example, the hub 1314 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 1314 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 1314 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 1314 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 1314 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular in if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0157] The hub 1314 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 1310b. The hub 1314 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 1314 and UEs (e.g., UE 1312c and / or 1312d) , and between the hub 1314 and the core network 1306. In other examples, the hub 1314 is connected to the core network 1306 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 1314 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 1304 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 1310 while still connected via the hub 1314 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 1314 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 1310b. In other embodiments, the hub 1314 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 1310b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0158] Figure 17 shows a UE 1400 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0159] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0160] The UE 1400 includes processing circuitry 1402 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1404 to an input / output interface 1406, a power source 1408, a memory 1410, a communication interface 1412, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 17. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0161] The processing circuitry 1402 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 1410. The processing circuitry 1402 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 1402 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0162] In the example, the input / output interface 1406 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 1400. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0163] In some embodiments, the power source 1408 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source 1408 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 1408 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 1400 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 1408. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 1408 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 1400 to which power is supplied.
[0164] The memory 1410 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 1410 includes one or more application programs 1414, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 1416. The memory 1410 may store, for use by the UE 1400, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0165] The memory 1410 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory 1410 may allow the UE 1400 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 1410, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0166] The processing circuitry 1402 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 1412. The communication interface 1412 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 1422. The communication interface 1412 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1418 and / or a receiver 1420 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter 1418 and receiver 1420 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1422) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0167] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 1412 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0168] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 1412, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0169] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0170] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) , a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE 1400 shown in Figure 17.
[0171] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0172] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0173] Figure 18 shows a network node 1500 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) .
[0174] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0175] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0176] The network node 1500 includes a processing circuitry 1502, a memory 1504, a communication interface 1506, and a power source 1508. The network node 1500 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 1500 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 1500 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 1504 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 1510 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node 1500 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1500, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1500.
[0177] The processing circuitry 1502 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 1500 components, such as the memory 1504, to provide network node 1500 functionality.
[0178] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1502 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1502 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1512 and baseband processing circuitry 1514. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1512 and the baseband processing circuitry 1514 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1512 and baseband processing circuitry 1514 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0179] The memory 1504 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 1502. The memory 1504 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1502 and utilized by the network node 1500. The memory 1504 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1502 and / or any data received via the communication interface 1506. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1502 and memory 1504 is integrated.
[0180] The communication interface 1506 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 1506 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) 1516 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 1506 also includes radio front-end circuitry 1518 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 1510. Radio front-end circuitry 1518 comprises filters 1520 and amplifiers 1522. The radio front-end circuitry 1518 may be connected to an antenna 1510 and processing circuitry 1502. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1510 and processing circuitry 1502. The radio front-end circuitry 1518 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 1518 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1520 and / or amplifiers 1522. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 1510. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 1510 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 1518. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 1502. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0181] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 1500 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 1518, instead, the processing circuitry 1502 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1510. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1512 is part of the communication interface 1506. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 1506 includes one or more ports or terminals 1516, the radio front-end circuitry 1518, and the RF transceiver circuitry 1512, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface 1506 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 1514, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0182] The antenna 1510 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 1510 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 1518 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 1510 is separate from the network node 1500 and connectable to the network node 1500 through an interface or port.
[0183] The antenna 1510, communication interface 1506, and / or the processing circuitry 1502 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 1510, the communication interface 1506, and / or the processing circuitry 1502 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0184] The power source 1508 provides power to the various components of network node 1500 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source 1508 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 1500 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 1500 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 1508. As a further example, the power source 1508 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0185] Embodiments of the network node 1500 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 18 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1500 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 1500 and to allow output of information from the network node 1500. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 1500.
[0186] Figure 19 is a block diagram of a host 1600, which may be an embodiment of the host 1316 of Figure 16, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, the host 1600 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and / or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm. The host 1600 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
[0187] The host 1600 includes processing circuitry 1602 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1604 to an input / output interface 1606, a network interface 1608, a power source 1610, and a memory 1612. Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures 17 and 18, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host 1600.
[0188] The memory 1612 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs 1614 and data 1616, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host 1600 or data generated by the host 1600 for a UE. Embodiments of the host 1600 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application programs 1614 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC) , High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) , Advanced Video Coding (AVC) , MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) , MPEG, G. 711) , including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems) . The host application programs 1614 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host 1600 may select and / or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE. The host application programs 1614 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) , Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) , Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) , etc.
[0189] Figure 20 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1700 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1700 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized.
[0190] Applications 1702 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
[0191] Hardware 1704 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1706 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs 1708a and 1708b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1708) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 1706 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 1708.
[0192] The VMs 1708 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1706. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1702 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 1708, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0193] In the context of NFV, a VM 1708 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 1708, and that part of hardware 1704 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 1708 on top of the hardware 1704 and corresponds to the application 1702.
[0194] Hardware 1704 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 1704 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1704 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1710, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 1702. In some embodiments, hardware 1704 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1712 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0195] Figure 21 shows a communication diagram of a host 1802 communicating via a network node 1804 with a UE 1806 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments. Example implementations, in accordance with various embodiments, of the UE (such as a UE 1312a of Figure 16 and / or UE 1400 of Figure 17) , network node (such as network node 1310a of Figure 16 and / or network node 1500 of Figure 18) , and host (such as host 1316 of Figure 16 and / or host 1600 of Figure 19) discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to Figure 21.
[0196] Like host 1600, embodiments of host 1802 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory. The host 1802 also includes software, which is stored in or accessible by the host 1802 and executable by the processing circuitry. The software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE 1806 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) connection 1850 extending between the UE 1806 and host 1802. In providing the service to the remote user, a host application may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection 1850.
[0197] The network node 1804 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host 1802 and UE 1806. The connection 1860 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network 1306 of Figure 16) and / or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks. For example, an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
[0198] The UE 1806 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE 1806 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry. The software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 1806 with the support of the host 1802. In the host 1802, an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection 1850 terminating at the UE 1806 and host 1802. In providing the service to the user, the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection 1850 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The UE's client application may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application through the OTT connection 1850.
[0199] The OTT connection 1850 may extend via a connection 1860 between the host 1802 and the network node 1804 and via a wireless connection 1870 between the network node 1804 and the UE 1806 to provide the connection between the host 1802 and the UE 1806. The connection 1860 and wireless connection 1870, over which the OTT connection 1850 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host 1802 and the UE 1806 via the network node 1804, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
[0200] As an example of transmitting data via the OTT connection 1850, in step 1808, the host 1802 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application. In some embodiments, the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE 1806. In other embodiments, the user data is associated with a UE 1806 that shares data with the host 1802 without explicit human interaction. In step 1810, the host 1802 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE 1806. The host 1802 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE 1806. The request may be caused by human interaction with the UE 1806 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE 1806. The transmission may pass via the network node 1804, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. Accordingly, in step 1812, the network node 1804 transmits to the UE 1806 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host 1802 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 1814, the UE 1806 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE 1806 associated with the host application executed by the host 1802.
[0201] In some examples, the UE 1806 executes a client application which provides user data to the host 1802. The user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host 1802. Accordingly, in step 1816, the UE 1806 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application. In providing the user data, the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input / output interface of the UE 1806. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE 1806 initiates, in step 1818, transmission of the user data towards the host 1802 via the network node 1804. In step 1820, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the network node 1804 receives user data from the UE 1806 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host 1802. In step 1822, the host 1802 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE 1806.
[0202] One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE 1806 using the OTT connection 1850, in which the wireless connection 1870 forms the last segment.
[0203] In an example scenario, factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host 1802. As another example, the host 1802 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps. As another example, the host 1802 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights) . As another example, the host 1802 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE. As another example, the host 1802 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it can broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs. As other examples, the host 1802 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices) , or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and / or transmitting data.
[0204] In some examples, a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1850 between the host 1802 and UE 1806, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and / or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host 1802 and / or UE 1806. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection 1850 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of the OTT connection 1850 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node 1804. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host 1802. The measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection 1850 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
[0205] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0206] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0207] Notably, modifications and other embodiments of the disclosed invention (s) will come to mind to one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention (s) is / are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure. Although specific terms may be employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
[0208] Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A method (600) performed by a terminal device (100) , the method (600) comprising:receiving (S602) , from a network node (200) , assistance information comprising an indication of Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB) periodicity;performing (S604) SSB detection based on the indication of SSB periodicity.2.The method (600) of claim 1 further comprising:upon at least one SSB is detected, selecting, as a candidate cell for cell reselection, at least one cell associated with the detected SSB that satisfies at least one of:a SSB periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than an SSB periodicity of a cell on which the terminal device (100) camps;a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than a PRACH periodicity of the camped cell;the SSB periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device (100) ; orthe PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device (100) .3.The method (600) of claim 1 or 2 wherein the indication of SSB periodicity comprises an indication of at least one of:a suggested SSB periodicity, wherein the SSB detection is performed with a periodicity equal to or longer than the suggested SSB periodicity;a list of candidate SSB periodicities, wherein the SSB detection is performed with a periodicity equal to or longer than each of the candidate SSB periodicities; ora SSB periodicity threshold, wherein the SSB detection is performed with a periodicity larger or shorter than the SSB periodicity threshold.4.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 3 wherein without the assistance information from the network node (200) , the SSB detection is performed with a defaulted SSB periodicity.5.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 4 further comprising:performing measurements for quality evaluation on the candidate cell based on the assistance information.6.The method (600) of claim 5 wherein the performing of measurements based on the assistance information comprises:performing intra-frequency measurements with a periodicity equal to or shorter than a suggested SSB periodicity indicated in the assistance information, when the camped cell does not fulfil a quality condition, orperforming perform measurements, with a periodicity equal to or shorter than a suggested SSB periodicity indicated in the assistance information, for a NR inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequency with a reselection priority higher than a reselection priority of a NR frequency where the terminal device (100) is currently located.7.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 6 wherein the assistance information further comprises an indication of at least one frequency on which at least one SSB is transmitted, andThe SSB detection is performed on the indicated frequency.8.The method (600) of claim 7 wherein the indication of the frequency comprises at least one of Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) or synchronization raster points.9.The method (600) of claim 7 or 8 wherein the indication of the frequency indicates a frequency offset relative to a frequency where the terminal device (100) is currently located, or an absolution value of frequency.10.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 9 wherein the assistance information further comprises an indication of PRACH periodicity of the candidate cell.11.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 10 wherein the assistance information is received by the terminal device (100) in system information transmitted from the network node (200) .12.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 11 further comprising at least one of:obtaining a PRACH periodicity of the candidate cell from system information based on the detected SSB; orinitiating a cell reselection for a delay-sensitive service.13.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 12 further comprising:performing quality evaluation on the candidate cell; anddeciding to camp on the candidate cell based on a result of the quality evaluation satisfying at least one of:a quality measurement of the candidate cell is above a specified threshold; ora quality measurement of the candidate cell is not lower than that of a cell on which the terminal device (100) camps by a specific amount.14.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein at least two different SSBs are detected, and at least two cells corresponding to the at least two different SSBs are selected as candidate cells, andthe method further comprises:performing quality evaluation on each of the candidate cells; andselecting one of the candidate cells having the best quality evaluation.15.The method (600) of claim 13 or 14 wherein the deciding to camp on the candidate cell is further based on information about at least one of current PRACH load, UL load, DL load, a number of connected terminal devices, system bandwidth, or a number of antennas of the camped cell and / or the candidate cell.16.A method (700) performed by a network node (200) , the method (700) comprising:transmitting (S702) assistance information to a terminal device (100) camping on a cell of the network node (200) , andwherein the assistance information comprises an indication of Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB) periodicity based on which the terminal device (100) performs SSB detection.17.The method (700) of claim 16 wherein the indication of SSB periodicity indicates at least one of:a suggested SSB periodicity, wherein the SSB detection is performed by the terminal device (100) with a periodicity equal to or longer than the suggested SSB periodicity;a list of candidate SSB periodicities, wherein the SSB detection is performed by the terminal device (100) with a periodicity equal to or longer than each of the candidate SSB periodicities; ora SSB periodicity threshold, wherein the SSB detection is performed by the terminal device (100) with a periodicity larger or shorter than the SSB periodicity threshold.18.The method of claim 16 or 17 wherein the assistance information further comprises an indication of at least one of current PRACH load, UL load, DL load, a number of connected terminal devices, system bandwidth, or a number of antennas of the camped cell and / or a neighboring cell.19.A method (800) performed by a terminal device (100) , the method (800) comprising:performing (S802) Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB) detection;upon at least one SSB is detected, selecting (S804) , as a candidate cell for cell reselection, at least one cell associated with the detected SSB that satisfies at least one of:a SSB periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than an SSB periodicity of a cell on which the terminal device (100) camps;a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) periodicity of the at least one cell is shorter than a PRACH periodicity of the camped cell;the SSB periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device (100) ; orthe PRACH periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device (100) .20.The method (800) of claim 19 wherein the SSB detection is performed consecutively for at least two times, andthe at least one SSB is detected for at least two times during the SSB detection.21.The method (800) of claim 19 or 20 wherein the SSB detection is performed with a periodicity defined by the terminal device (100) randomly or based on history information about one or more cells on which the terminal device (100) used to camp.22.A method (900) performed by a terminal device (100) , the method (900) comprising:receiving (S902) a trigger of cell reselection from a first network node when the terminal device (100) camps on a cell of the first network node; andinitiating (S904) cell reselection based on the trigger.23.The method of claim 22 wherein the trigger is received at a time close to a timing of SSB transmission in one or more neighboring cells, andthe initiating (S904) of cell reselection based on the trigger comprises performing Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB) detection immediately after receiving the trigger.24.The method (900) of claim 23 wherein the trigger comprises an indication of at least one of:a timing for initiating cell reselection;a timing of SSB transmission in one or more neighboring cells; ora timing of SSB transmission in one or more neighboring cells in relation to a timing of SSB transmission in the camped cell; andwherein the initiating of cell reselection based on the trigger comprises performing SSB detection at the timing indicated in the trigger.25.The method (900) of any of claims 22 to 24 further comprising:upon at least one SSB is detected, selecting, as a candidate cell for cell reselection, at least one cell associated with the detected SSB that satisfies at least one of:a SSB periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device (100) ; ora Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) periodicity of the at least one cell satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device (100) .26.The method (900) of any of claims 22 to 25 wherein the trigger comprises an indication of at least one of:a SSB periodicity of one or more neighboring cells; ora PRACH periodicity of the one or more neighboring cells,wherein the method (900) further comprises:assessing, based on the indication in the triggered, whether the SSB periodicity or the PRACH periodicity of the one or more neighboring cells satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device (100) ; andwherein the initiating (S904) of cell reselection based on the trigger comprises initiating cell reselection directed to a neighboring cell whose SSB periodicity or PRACH periodicity satisfies network access requirement of the terminal device (100) .27.The method (900) of any of claims 22 to 26 wherein the trigger of cell reselection is received in system information, and preferably received as mandatory or recommended in the system information.28.The method (900) of any of claims 22 to 27 wherein the trigger of cell reselection indicates at least one of:a reselection directed to one or more neighboring cells having a radio access load lighter than that of the camped cell; ora reselection directed to one or more neighboring cells having a SSB and / or PRACH periodicity longer than that of the camped cell.29.A method (1000) performed by a first network node (200) , the method (1000) comprising:transmitting (S1002) a trigger of cell reselection to one or more terminal devices (100) camping on a cell of the first network node (200) .30.The method (1000) of claim 29 wherein the trigger is transmitted at a time close to a timing of SSB transmission in one or more neighboring cells and / or when the first network node notices that a radio access load in the camped cell is high.31.The method (1000) of claim 29 or 30 wherein the trigger comprises an indication of at least one of:a timing for initiating cell reselection;a timing of SSB transmission in one or more neighboring cells; ora timing of SSB transmission in one or more neighboring cells in relation to a timing of SSB transmission in the camped cell,preferably, the trigger further comprises an indication of at least one of:a SSB periodicity of one or more neighboring cells; ora PRACH periodicity of one or more neighboring cells.32.The method (1000) of any of claims 29 to 31 further comprising:receiving, from a second network node, information about at least one of:SSB periodicity of one or more neighboring cells;PRACH periodicity of the one or more neighboring cells;radio access load of the one or more neighboring cells;a timing of SSB transmission in the one or more neighboring cells; ora timing of SSB transmission in the one or more neighboring cells in relation to a timing of SSB transmission in the camped cell.33.The method (1000) of any of claims 29 to 32 further comprising:requesting a second network node to temporarily transmit SSB with a shorter SSB periodicity in one or more neighboring cells.34.A method (1100) performed by a second network node (200) , the method (1100) comprising:transmitting (S1102) , to a first network node, information about SSB periodicity of one or more cells of the second network node (200) available for cell reselection of a terminal device (100) camping on a cell of the first network node,wherein the one or more cells have a SSB and / or PRACH periodicity longer than that of the camped cell but having a radio access load lighter than that of the camped cell.35.The method (1100) of claim 34 further comprising:receiving, from the first network node, a request for temporarily transmitting SSB with a shorter SSB periodicity in the one or more cells; andin response to the request, temporarily transmitting SSB with a shorter SSB periodicity in the one or more cells.36.A terminal device (100) , comprising:one or more processors (102) ; andmemory (104) storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors (102) , cause the terminal device (100) to perform a method of any one of claims 1 to 15, and 19 to 28.37.A network node (200) , comprising:one or more processors (202) ; andmemory (204) storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors (202) , cause the network node (200) to perform a method of any of claims 16 to 18, and 29 to 35.38.A computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable instructions stored therein, the computer-readable instructions, when executed by a processor (102) of a terminal device (100) , configure the terminal device (100) to perform a method of any one of claims 1 to 15, and 19 to 28, or when executed by a processor (202) of a network node (200) , configure the network node (200) to perform a method of any one of claims 16 to 18, and 29 to 35.
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