Anchors position mapping

Abstract

Aspects presented herein may enable a UE to generate, verify, or resolve one or more mappings between a list of cell / anchor IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations for a location server. In one aspect, a UE receives, from a network entity, a request to verify a list of anchor locations or a list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs. The UE measures, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors. The UE verifies the list of anchor locations or the list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement. The UE transmits, to the network entity based on the verification, a quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the list of potential mappings.

Description

ANCHORS POSITION MAPPINGCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of Greece Patent Application No. 20230100983, entitled “SIGNALING FOR CELL ID TO TRP POSITION MAPPING FROM UE TO LOCATION SERVER” and filed on November 28, 2023, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communication involving positioning.INTRODUCTION

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latencycommunications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineates the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0006] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives, from a network entity, a request to verify at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor identifiers (IDs), where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs. The apparatus measures, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors. The apparatus verifies the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement. The apparatus transmits, to the network entity based on the verification, a quality indicator (which may also be referred to as a quality metric) for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings.

[0007] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives, from a network entity, at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs. The apparatus measures a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchorID for each anchor in the set of anchors. The apparatus estimates a mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on at least one of the measurement of the set of signals, a location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings.

[0008] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects may include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.

[0010] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0015] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE positioning based on reference signal measurements.

[0016] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example tracking reference signal (TRS)-based over-the-top (OTT) positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of TRS resources configured within a resources set in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 7 is a communication flow illustrating an example signaling between a survey UE and a location server for generating a mapping between a list of cell / anchor identifiers (IDs) and a list of cell / anchor locations in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 8 is a communication flow illustrating an example of a survey UE computing a mapping between a list of cell / anchor IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 9 is a communication flow illustrating an example signaling between a hybrid UE and a location server for verifying a list of possible complete mappings in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 10 is a communication flow illustrating an example of a hybrid UE computing its position based on a set of possible complete mappings and providing a quality indicator / metric for each possible complete mapping in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 11 is a communication flow illustrating an example of a hybrid UE computing its position based on a set of possible combinations for a mapping and providing a quality indicator / metric for each possible combination in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 12 is a communication flow illustrating an example signaling between a hybrid UE and a location server for verifying / completing a list of partial mappings in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 13 is a communication flow illustrating an example of a hybrid UE computing its position based on a partial mapping information and providing a quality indicator / confidence metric for a set of possible mappings in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0026] FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0027] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and / or network entity.

[0028] FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0029] FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0030] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and / or network entity.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Aspects presented herein may improve the performance and accuracy of positioning estimation based on over-the-top (OTT) signals by making use of mapping framework which provides a UE and / or a location server (e.g., a location management function (LMF)) with anchor position coordinates. For example, when using OTT signals for positioning of a UE, the UE or a location server may be configured to combine its OTT signal measurements with its knowledge of anchor positions to come up with a reliable position estimate of the UE (e.g., with the accuracy above an accuracy threshold). In such scenarios, it may be assumed that the UE or the location server has access to: (1) a list of OTT signal measurements / estimates (e.g., a list of time of arrival (ToA) / time difference of arrival (TDoA) estimates), which may be derived by the UE based on its OTT signal measurements (e.g., for UE-based positioning) or reported to the location server (e.g., for UE-assisted / server-based positioning); and (2) a list of probable anchor positions, which may be provided by the location server to the UE (e.g., for UE-based positioning) and contain the positions of anchors in the surrounding region of the UE. Then, the UE or the location server may combine the information in the two lists using at least one reverse positioning mechanism to generate a mapping from the OTT signal measurements (e.g., the ToA / TDoA measurements) to the respective anchor positions, where the generated mapping may be used for the positioning (e.g., of the UE or other UEs).

[0032] Aspects presented herein are directed to techniques / protocols for crowdsourcing to enhance the location database. In one aspect, there are 3 types of UEs possible in the system: Survey UEs, Non-Survey UEs, and Hybrid UEs. Survey UEs get a position fix using an alternate technology (such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)) and use this position fix to come with a mapping between its ToA / TDoA measurements and the list of anchor positions for UE-based operation or report the position fix to location server for server based mapping computation. Non-Survey UEs get the mapping information from the location server (computed a priori using Survey UEs) and use it combine their ToA / TDoA measurements and the list of anchor positions for position calculation. Hybrid UEs are a middle ground between survey and non-survey UEs and use a possible number of mappings provided by the location server to compute a position estimate. They also report back to the server the qualityof each individual mapping provided, hence enabling the location server to refine its stored mapping for use by other non-survey UEs.

[0033] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the drawings describes various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0034] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0035] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, softwarepackages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0036] Accordingly, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the types of computer- readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessedby a computer.

[0037] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described in this application by illustration to some examples, additional or different aspects, implementations and / or use cases may come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may come about via integrated chip implementations and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (Al)-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described examples may occur. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range a spectrum from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip- level implementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspect. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, RF-chains, power amplifiers,modulators, buffer, processor(s), interleaver, adders / summers, etc.). Techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.

[0038] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0039] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0040] Base station operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O- RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of thedisaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0041] FIG. 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communications system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that can communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 105, or both). A CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an Fl interface. The DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 140 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 140.

[0042] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 110, the DUs 130, the RUs 140, as well as the Near- RT RICs 125, the Non-RT RICs 115, and the SMO Framework 105, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or to transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or to transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), configured to receive or to transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.

[0043] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an El interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130, as necessary, for network control and signaling.

[0044] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0045] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, an RU 140, controlled by a DU 130, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU(s) 140 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU(s) 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0046] The SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non- virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support thedeployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an 01 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an 02 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 110, DUs 130, RUs 140 andNear-RT RICs 125. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O- eNB) 111, via an 01 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an 01 interface. The SMO Framework 105 also may include aNon-RT RIC 115 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 105.

[0047] The Non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (Al) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near- RT RIC 125. The Non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an Al interface) the Near-RT RIC 125. The Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 125.

[0048] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 125, the Non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 125 and may be received at the SMO Framework 105 or the Non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 115 or the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via 01) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as Al policies).

[0049] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Accordingly, a base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component indicated with dotted lines to signify that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for a UE 104. The base station 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low power cellular base station). The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication links between the RUs 140 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to an RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from an RU 140 to a UE 104. The communication links may use multiple- input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base station 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to X MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Tx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respectto DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0050] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (P SB CH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, Bluetooth™ (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth SpecialInterest Group (SIG)), Wi-Fi™ (is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance) based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0051] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with UEs 104 (also referred to as Wi-Fi stations (STAs)) via communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UEs 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.

[0052] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referredto (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

[0053] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referredto as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into midband frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0054] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “sub- 6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used hereinmay broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0055] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0056] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 can be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or an RU. The set of base stations, which may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations, may be referred to as next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0057] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, useridentification handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, a position determination entity (PDE), a serving mobile location center (SMLC), a mobile positioning center (MPC), or the like. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) for accessing UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to compute the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods in order to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, a position estimate, and an optional velocity computation based on the measurements. The signal measurements may be made by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The signals measured may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), global position system (GPS), non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite position / location system), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (Multi-RTT), DL angle- of-departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0058] Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as loT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc.). The UE 104 may alsobe referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may collectively access the network and / or individually access the network.

[0059] Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the UE 104 may have a mapping computation component 198 that may be configured to receive, from a network entity, a request to verify at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs; measure, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors; verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement; and transmit, to the network entity based on the verification, a quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings. In certain aspects, the mapping computation component 198 may also be configured to receive, from a network entity, at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor identifiers (IDs), where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs; measure a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors; and estimate a mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on at least one of the measurement of the set of signals, a location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings. In certain aspects, the base station 102 or the one or more locationservers 168 may have a mapping request component 199 that may be configured to provide mapping request or configuration(s) for the UE 104.

[0060] FIG. 2 A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be time division duplexed (TDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. In the examples provided by FIGs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 1 (with all UL). While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 1, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI), or semi- statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI). Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.

[0061] FIGs. 2A-2D illustrate a frame structure, and the aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies, which may have a different frame structure and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP -OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) ordiscrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the numerology. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration may scale with 1 / SCS.Table 1: Numerology, SCS, and CP

[0062] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different numerologies p 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For extended CP, the numerology 2 allows for 4 slots per subframe. Accordingly, for normal CP and numerology p, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2.Llslots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2^ * 15 kHz , where g is the numerology 0 to 4. As such, the numerology p=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology p=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGs. 2A-2D provide an example of normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and numerology p=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 ps. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see FIG. 2B) that are frequency division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a particular numerology and CP (normal or extended).

[0063] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0064] As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0065] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). A UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring occasions on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at greater and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), which carries a master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

[0066] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplinkcontrol channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequencydependent scheduling on the UL.

[0067] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACK and / or negative ACK (NACK)). The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0068] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units(SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0069] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BP SK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0070] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RXprocessor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0071] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with at least one memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0072] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer ofupper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0073] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatialprocessing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate anRF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0074] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

[0075] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with at least one memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0076] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the mapping computation component 198 of FIG. 1.

[0077] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the mapping request component 199 of FIG. 1.

[0078] FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of aUE positioning based on reference signal measurements (which may also be referred to as “network-based positioning”) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 404 may transmit UL SRS 412 at time TSRS_TX and receive DL positioning reference signals (PRS) (DL PRS) 410 at time TPRSRX- The TRP 406 may receive the UL SRS 412 at time TSRS_RX and transmit the DL PRS 410 at time TPRS_TX- The UE 404 may receive the DL PRS 410 before transmitting the UL SRS 412, or may transmit the UL SRS 412 before receiving the DL PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server(s) 168) or the UE 404 may determine the RTT 414 based on ||TSRS RX - TPRSTX| - ITSRS TX - TPRS_RX||- Accordingly, multi-RTT positioning may make use of the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS TX - TPRS_RX|) and DL PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received frommultiple TRPs 402, 406 and measured by the UE 404, and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_RX - TPRSTX|) and UL SRS-RSRP at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The UE 404 measures the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and / or DL PRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the TRPs 402, 406 measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and / or UL SRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server. The measurements may be used at the positioning server or the UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of the UE 404. Other methods are possible for determining the RTT, such as for example using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0079] PRSs may be defined for network-based positioning (e.g., NR positioning) to enable UEs to detect and measure more neighbor transmission and reception points (TRPs), where multiple configurations are supported to enable a variety of deployments (e.g., indoor, outdoor, sub-6, mmW, etc.). To support PRS beam operation, beam sweeping may also be configured for PRS. The UL positioning reference signal may be based on sounding reference signals (SRSs) with enhancements / adjustments for positioning purposes. In some examples, UL-PRS may be referred to as “SRS for positioning,” and a new Information Element (IE) may be configured for SRS for positioning in RRC signaling.

[0080] DL PRS-RSRP may be defined as the linear average over the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements of the antenna port(s) that carry DL PRS reference signals configured for RSRP measurements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. In some examples, for FR1, the reference point for the DL PRS- RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For FR2, DL PRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For FR1 and FR2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding DL PRS- RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches. Similarly, UL SRS-RSRP may be defined as linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements carrying sounding reference signals (SRS). UL SRS-RSRP may be measured over the configured resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth in the configured measurement time occasions. In some examples, forFR1, the reference point for the UL SRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the base station (e.g., gNB). For FR2, UL SRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For FR1 and FR2, if receiver diversity is in use by the base station, the reported UL SRS- RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding UL SRS-RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches.

[0081] PRS-path RSRP (PRS-RSRPP) may be defined as the power of the linear average of the channel response at the i-th path delay of the resource elements that carry DL PRS signal configured for the measurement, where DL PRS-RSRPP for the 1st path delay is the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time. In some examples, PRS path Phase measurement may refer to the phase associated with an i- th path of the channel derived using a PRS resource.

[0082] DL-AoD positioning may make use of the measured DL PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with the azimuth angle of departure (A-AoD), the zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0083] DL-TDOA positioning may make use of the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and / or DL PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL RSTD (and / or DL PRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0084] UL-TDOA positioning may make use of the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and / or UL SRS-RSRP) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the UL-RTOA (and / or UL SRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404.

[0085] UL-AoA positioning may make use of the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signalstransmitted from the UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the A-AoA and the Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404. For purposes of the present disclosure, a positioning operation in which measurements are provided by a UE to a base station / positioning entity / server to be used in the computation of the UE’s position may be described as “UE-assisted,” “UE-assisted positioning,” and / or “UE-assisted position calculation,” while a positioning operation in which a UE measures and computes its own position may be described as“UE-based,” “UE-based positioning,” and / or “UE-based position calculation.”

[0086] Additional positioning methods may be used for estimating the location of the UE 404, such as for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. Note that data / measurements from various technologies may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, to determine and / or to enhance certainty, to supplement / complement measurements, and / or to substitute / provide for missing information.

[0087] Note that the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” generally refer to specific reference signals that are used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to, PRS as defined in LTE and NR, tracking reference signal (TRS), phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), cell specific reference signal / cell reference signal (CRS), CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc. In addition, the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by the context. To further distinguish the type of PRS, a downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as a “DL PRS,” and an uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., an SRS-for-positioning, PTRS) may be referred to as an “UL-PRS.” In addition, for signals that may be transmitted in both the uplink and downlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS), the signals may be prepended with “UL” or “DL” to distinguish the direction. For example, “UL-DMRS” may be differentiated from “DL-DMRS.” In addition, the term “location” and “position” may be used interchangeably throughout the specification, which may refer to a particular geographical or a relative place.

[0088] As described in connection with FIG. 4, the position of a UE may be determined based on various network-based positioning mechanisms, such as configuring the UE to receive or transmit reference signals for positioning estimation. The reference signals may include PRS, SRS, CRS, TRS, and / or long training sequences (LTS), etc., which may collectively be referred to as “over the top (OTT) signals.” For purposes of the present disclosure, in the context of positioning, an “anchor” may refer to an entity (e.g., a TRP, a base station, a UE, an access point (AP), a fixed object / infrastructure, a point of reference, etc.) that is used as a reference point for determining the position of a UE (e.g., a target whose position is to be determined) in relation to the entity. For example, the TRPs 402 and 406 may be referred to as “anchors” or “anchor TRPs” for the positioning of the UE 404. Similarly, other UEs that are used to assist the positioning of a UE may be referred to as “anchors” or “anchor UEs,” etc.

[0089] In some scenarios, the identifiers / identifications (ID) of anchors may be configured to be scrambled from time to time. For example, the cell IDs of TRPs for 5G NR and / or the service set identifiers (SSIDs) of APs in Wi-Fi® may be scrambled once a day or every Xhours / days, etc. Thus, a positioning entity (e.g., a UE, a base station, or a location server, etc.) may not be able to compute the position of a UE (or a target) without the knowledge of which anchor position corresponds to which measurement. For example, after the UE 404 measures the OTT signals from the TRPs 402 and 406, the UE 404 (or a location server) may not be able to compute the position of the UE 404 if the UE 404 does not know the locations of the TRPs 402 and 406.

[0090] Aspects presented herein may improve the performance and accuracy of positioning estimation based on over-the-top (OTT) signals (e.g., CRS / TRS in 4G LTE / 5G NR, LTS in Wi-Fi networks, etc.) by making use of a mapping framework which provides a UE and / or a location server (e.g., a location management function (LMF)) with anchor position coordinates. For example, when using OTT signals for positioning of a UE, the UE or a location server may be configured to combine OTT signal measurements from the UE (e.g., ToA, TDoA, and / or AoA measurements, etc. as described in connection with FIG. 4) with its knowledge of anchor positions to come up with a reliable position estimate of the UE (e.g., with an accuracy above an accuracy threshold). In such scenarios, it may be assumed that the UE or the location server has access to at least one of: (1) a list of OTT signal measurements / estimates (e.g., a list of ToA / TDoA estimates), which may be computed / derived by the UEbased on its OTT signal measurements (e.g., for UE-based positioning) or reported to the location server (e.g., for UE-assisted / server-based positioning); and (2) a list of probable anchor positions, which may be provided by the location server to the UE (e.g., for UE-based positioning) and contain the position of anchors in a surrounding region of the UE (e.g., within a defined radius of the UE). Then, the UE or the location server may combine the information in the two lists using at least one reverse positioning mechanism to generate a mapping from the OTT signal measurements (e.g., the ToA / TDoA measurements) to the respective anchor positions, where the generated mapping may be used for the positioning (e.g., of the UE or other UEs).

[0091] FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating an example tracking reference signal (TRS)-based over-the-top (OTT) positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some network implementations (e.g., 5G NR), TRS may be configured at each cell with each own time / frequency resource(s) and scrambling ID. In addition, TRS may be configured to be mandatory for all UEs to be supported, and all networks (e.g., 5G NR networks) may be specified to use it. However, a UE may just be aware of the TRS configuration of the serving cell, (e.g., the time / frequency resource(s) and scrambling ID, etc. of the serving cell). Thus, the UE may specify a location server to provide TRS configurations of the neighboring cells (for performing the positioning of the UE).

[0092] For example, as shown at 510, a UE 502 (e.g., a UE whose position is to be estimated / determined) may be configured to report, to a location server, TRS parameters of a serving cell, such as the time resource(s), the frequency resource(s), the scrambling ID, the quasi-co-location (QCL), and / or the physical cell ID (PCI) of the TRS configured for (e.g., associated with) the serving cell. In addition, as shown at 512, the UE 502 may also be configured to report, to the location server, PCI(s) of one or more neighboring cells, which may be derived by the UE 502 through a radio resource management (RRM) procedure. Then, as shown at 514, in response to the reporting from the UE 502, the location server may transmit, to the UE 502, TRS information / parameters of the one or more neighboring cells (e.g., the time / frequency resource(s), the scrambling ID, and / or the QCL, etc., of the TRS configured for each of the one or more neighboring cells). In some scenarios, the location server 504 may obtain the TRS information / parameters of these neighboring cell(s) from other UEs (e.g., gathered based on other UEs’ reporting). Then, as shown at 516, based on theTRS information of the one or more neighboring cells, the UE 502 may estimate its location and report its estimated location to the location server (e.g., for UE-based positioning) or the UE 502 may report the raw measurements for TRS(s) that were successfully detected (e.g., for UE-assisted positioning).

[0093] FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example of TRS resources configured within a resources set in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. A network entity (e.g., a TRP)may be configured to transmit a TRS burst periodically (e.g., every 10, 20, 40, or 80 milliseconds (ms), etc.), where the TRS burst may be a one slot TRS burst or a two slot TRS burst. TRS may be used for maintaining accurate time and frequency synchronization among various base stations and UEs. In addition, a UE may be configured to report (e.g., to a location server), its capability related to the processing of TRS, such as the supported TRS burst length maxBurstLength), the maximum number of TRS resource sets per component carrier (CC) which the UE is capable of tracking simultaneously (maxSimultaneousResourceSetsPerCC), the maximum number of TRS resource sets configured to the UE per CC (maxConfiguredResourceSetsPerCC), and / or the maximum number of TRS resource sets configured to the UE across CCs (maxConfiguredResourceSetsAUCC), etc.

[0094] At the slot level, a UE may be configured with a TRS resource set of four TRS resources in two consecutive slots with two TRS resources in each slot, e.g., four TRS resources within one TRS resource set. The TRS resource may be periodic or aperiodic, and TRS resources in a TRS resource set may be configured to have the same periodicity, bandwidth and subcarrier location (e.g., the two slots may be configured to have the same pattern). At the symbol level, the OFDM symbol indices for each TRS resource in a slot may be given by one of (4, 8), (5, 9), or (6, 10) under the frequency range 1 (FR1), and symbol pair positions within one slot with intersymbol distance of four symbols are permitted under the frequency range 2 (FR2). As TRS may not be fully staggered in frequency (e.g., for comb-4), four peaks may be expected to be observed at a chip error rate (CER), which may result in an alias issue. However, since TRS may be QCL-ed with SSB from a neighboring cell, it may be measured for the purpose of solving the time-domain aliasing issue.

[0095] For purposes of the present disclosure, aspects presented herein may include at least three types of UEs that may be referred to as: (1) survey UEs, (2) non-survey UEs, and (3) hybrid UEs. Survey UEs refer to UEs that are capable of obtaining a positionfix (e.g., estimating their positions) using an alternate (reliable) positioning technology (e.g., such as GNSS-based positioning), and use this position fix to generate a mapping between its OTT signal measurements (e.g., ToA / TDoA measurements) and a list of anchor positions (e.g., for UE-based positioning operation) or report the position fix to a location server (e.g., for the UE- assisted / server-based mapping computation). In some implementations, survey UEs may also be referred to as positioning reference units (PRUs). A PRU may be used to assist a positioning device (e.g., a UE, a surveying equipment, an automobile GNSS system, etc.) in performing positioning. A PRU may be similar to anRTK base station. For example, a positioning engine may enable a positioning device to use measurement or correction information from a PRU to mitigate one or more error sources in the positioning device’s measurements. Thus, better accuracy may be achieved by the positioning device.

[0096] Non-survey UEs refer to UEs that are capable of obtaining the mapping information (e.g., a mapping between a list of cell IDs and their locations) from a location server (e.g., computed a priori using survey UE(s)), and using the obtained mapping information to combine with their OTT signal measurements (e.g., ToA / TDoA measurements) and the list of anchor positions for position calculation / estimation (e.g., for calculating / estimating their positions).

[0097] Hybrid UEs are UEs that are in a middle ground between survey UEs and non-survey UEs. Hybrid UEs are capable of using a number of possible mappings provided by a location server to compute a position estimate. They may also report back to the location server the quality of each individual possible mapping provided, hence enabling the location server to refine its stored mapping for use by other non-survey UEs.

[0098] FIG. 7 is a communication flow 700 illustrating an example signaling between a survey UE and a location server for generating a mapping between a list of cell / anchor IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The numberings associated with the communication flow 700 do not specify a particular temporal order and are merely used as references for the communication flow 700.

[0099] At 710, a location server 704 (e.g., an LMF, a connected intelligent edge (CIE), etc.) may transmit a request to a survey UE 702, and request the survey UE 702 to be in asurvey mode (e.g., to perform verification or generation of cell / anchor IDs and locations mapping). The location server 704 may be configured to transmit the request when the location server 704 is specified to compute, refine, and / or update a mapping between a list of cell IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations.

[0100] At 712, the survey UE 702 may obtain a position fix (e.g., estimate its position) using a (reliable) positioning technology. For example, the survey UE 702 may determine its position using a GNSS-based positioning mechanism.

[0101] At 714, in response to the request from the location server 704, the survey UE 702 may measure OTT signals from a set of cells that is in a threshold distance (e.g., a measurable distance) of the survey UE 702. For example, the survey UE 702 may measure at least one of a time of arrival (ToA), a time difference of arrival (TDoA), a received signal strength indicator (RS SI), an angle of arrival (AoA), a reference signal receive power (RSRP), and / or a path RSRP (RSRPP) for OTT signals (which may collectively be referred to as “OTT signal measurements”) from observable cells in its vicinity. Each OTT signal may include the ID of each cell / anchor transmitting the OTT signal (e.g., cell ID, PCI, service set identifier (SSID), etc.).

[0102] At 716, the location server 704 may transmit (e.g., share or provide), to the survey UE 702, a list of cell / anchor locations in a certain radius (e.g., a defined radius such as 1 kilometer (km), 2 km, or 5 km, etc.) around the survey UE 702. For example, in 5G NR, a location server’s knowledge of the serving cell of a UE may be used to list all transmission reception points (TRPs) in a 2 km radius around the UE. Note while the transmission of the request at 710 and the transmission of the list at 716 are illustrated with separated signaling, they are merely for illustration purposes. Depending on the implementations, the location server 704 may also transmit the request and the list via the same signaling, or just transmit the list without the request, etc.

[0103] At 718, the survey UE 702 may use its position fix (e.g., obtained at 712) to perform (or to solve) a reverse positioning calculation (or problem), and compute / generate a mapping from its OTT signal measurements to the list of cell / anchor locations provided by the location server 704 (e.g., obtained at 716). Then, at 720, the survey UE 702 may report the computed / generated mapping to the location server 704, which may be based on the request received at 710. For example, based on the OTT signal measurement for a cell, the survey UE 702 may be able to estimate a location of that cell (e.g., based on a reverse positioning calculation using the known location of thesurvey UE 702). Then, the survey UE 702 may compare the estimation location of the cell with the list of cell / anchor locations provided by the location server 704 to confirm the location of that cell / anchor. As the OTT signal measurement for that cell may also include the ID of that cell / anchor (e.g., a TRS may include the PCI of the cell transmitting the TRS), the survey UE 702 may map the ID of the cell to the confirmed location of the cell. For purposes of the present disclosure, a “reverse positioning” may refer to a process of an entity (e.g., a UE, a server, etc.) calculating the position of a UE based on the position estimates of one or more other UEs and positioning measurements. For example, a server may calculate, compute, or estimate a position of a UE (e.g., an anchor) based on the position of other UE(s) and their positioning measurements (e.g., network-based positioning measurements) for the UE (e.g., between the UE and other UEs). As an illustration, referring back to FIG. 4, while network-based positioning may enable the UE 404 to determine its position based on measuring signals received from or transmitted to the TRPs 402 and 406, a reverse positioning may enable the UE 404 to determine the position of the TRP 402 and / or the TRP 406 based on using the known position of the UE 404 and similar signal measurements.

[0104] At 722, the location server 704 may obtain (e.g., based on using a crowdsourcing mechanism) similar mappings from a plurality of survey UEs (e.g., from the survey UE 702 and other survey UEs), such as survey UEs that are sharing the same serving cell or AP and / or the same / similar neighboring cell(s) / AP(s). The location server 704 may then combine all these individual mappings to come up with a mapping that can be used by other UEs. For example, the location server 704 may use a voting mechanism on all individual mappings received from the plurality of UEs, where each mapping or each cell / anchor ID to location pair in the mapping reported by a survey UE may receive a vote (or count as a vote). Then, the mapping or the cell / anchor ID to location pair with the most votes may be used by the location server 704. For example, if there are 10 votes for a first mapping or a cell ID #1 to a first location pair and 2 votes for a second mapping or the cell ID #1 to a second location, the location server 704 may determine that the first mapping or the cell ID #1 to the first location is more accurate. The location server 704 may continue to obtain mappings from survey UEs until the location server 704 is able to generate an acceptable / reliable mapping that can be used by other UEs (e.g., afterthe accuracy of the mapping reachesan accuracy threshold). For purposes of the present disclosure, a “pair” or “pairing” may refer to a cell / anchor ID and a cell / anchor location combination. For example, (cell ID #N — cell / anchor location at coordinates X, Y) may be refer to as a pair / pairing. In addition, a mapping may include multiple pairs / pairings.

[0105] FIG. 8 is a communication flow 800 illustrating an example of a survey UE computing a mapping between a list of cell / anchor IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0106] As shown by an example 802, at 812, the survey UE 702 may obtain its position fix using a (first) positioning technology (e.g., using GNSS-based positioning), where the obtained position fix may correspond to a set of coordinates (Xo, Ko) (e.g., a set of longitude / latitude coordinates).

[0107] At 814, the survey UE 702 may measure OTT signals from three cells that are close to (e.g., within a measurable distance of) the survey UE 702, where the OTT signal from each cell of the three cells may include a corresponding cell ID of that cell. For example, the cell IDs for the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell of the three cells may be #1, #2, and #3, respectively. In addition, the OTT signal measurements for the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell may be denoted by TI , T2, and T3, respectively, where the OTT signal measurements may include ToA, TDoA, RSSI, AoA, RSRP, and / or RSRPP measurements, etc.

[0108] At 816, the location server 704 may transmit, to the survey UE 702, a list of cell / anchor locations in a defined radius of the survey UE 702, where a first cell / anchor position may be denoted by (X, U), a second cell / anchor position may be denoted by (X2, K2), a third cell / anchor position may be denoted by (X3, K3), and a fourth cell / anchor position may be denoted by (X4, K4).

[0109] At 818, the survey UE 702 may use its position fix (Xo, Ko) to perform (or to solve) a reverse positioning calculation (or problem), and compute / generate a mapping from its OTT signal measurements to the list of cell / anchor locations provided by the location server 704. For example, based on the T0A / TD0A measurements TI for the cell with the cell ID #1, the survey UE 702 may be able to estimate a location of that cell (e.g., based on a reverse positioning calculation using its known location (Xo, Ko)), which may be at or near to a location with coordinates (X2, K2). Then, the survey UE 702 may compare the estimated location of that cell with the list of cell locations provided by the location server 704. For example, as the list of cell locations includescells at coordinates (XbYi), (X2, Y2), (X3, F3), and (X4, Y4), the survey UE 702 may determine that the estimated location of the cell with ToA / TDoA measurements TI and the cell ID #1 corresponds to the cell with coordinates (X2, Y2) in the list of cell locations. For ease of illustration, the estimated location of the cell ID #1 and the cell location in the list of cell locations are both illustrated with (X2, Y2). However, in actual implementations, the estimated location of a cell and the actual location of that cell in the list of cell locations are likely to be different (e.g., with an offset or an error, such as 50 meters, 100 meters, etc.). As such, the survey UE 702 may be configured to fit the estimated location of a cell to a nearest location in the list of cell locations (e.g., for purposes of generating the mapping). The survey UE 702 may apply similar processes for ToA / TDoA measurements T2 and i3, and determine that they (e.g., cell ID #2 and cell ID #3) correspond to positions / coordinates (X3, Ki) and (X4, Y4) in the list of cell locations, respectively. In another example, the survey UE 702 may be configured to apply different cell locations in the list of cell locations to its OTT measurements to see if they fit (e.g., based on a trial and error mechanism). If the OTT measurement fits to a specific cell location in the list of cell locations, then the survey UE 702 may determine the cell ID (e.g., obtained from the OTT signal) for that cell location.

[0110] At 820, the survey UE 702 may report the computed / generated mapping to the location server 704. For example, the survey UE 702 may indicate to the location server 704 that cell ID #2 maps to the cell location (Xi, K , cell ID #1 maps to the cell location (X2, K2), and cell ID #4 maps to the cell location (X4, K4). In addition, the survey UE 702 may also indicate to the location server 704 that there is no mapping for the cell location (X3, K3), or skip reporting for the cell location (X3, K3).

[0111] FIG. 9 is a communication flow 900 illustrating an example signaling between a hybrid UE and a location server for verifying a list of possible complete mappings in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The numberings associated with the communication flow 900 do not specify a particular temporal order and are merely used as references for the communication flow 900. For purposes of the present disclosure, a “complete mapping” or a “potentiaFpossible complete mapping” may refer to a mapping where each cell / anchor ID in the mapping is mapped to at least one location or each location in the mapping is mapped to at least one cell / anchor ID. In other words, a complete mapping may not include a cell / anchor ID that is notmapped to any celVanchor location(s) or a celVanchor location that is not mapped to any cell / anchor ID(s).

[0112] At 910, a location server 904 (e.g., an LMF, a CIE, etc.) may transmit a request to a hybrid UE 902, and request the hybrid UE 902 to be in a hybrid mode (e.g., for verifying or resolving one or more mappings). The location server 904 may be configured to transmit the request when the location server 904 is specified to compute, refine, and / or update a mapping between a list of cell IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations, and / or when the location server 904 is uncertain about a mapping, etc.

[0113] At 914, in response to the request from the location server 904, the hybrid UE 902 may measure OTT signals from a set of cells that is in a threshold distance (e.g., a measurable distance) of the hybrid UE 902. For example, the hybrid UE 902 may measure at least one of: a ToA, a TDoA, an RSSI, an AoA, an RSRP, and / or an RSRPP for OTT signals (which may collectively be referred to as “OTT signal measurements”) from observable cells in its vicinity. Each OTT signal may include the ID of each cell / anchor transmitting the OTT signal (e.g., cell ID, PCI, SSID, etc.).

[0114] At 916, the location server 904 may transmit (e.g., share or provide), to the hybrid UE 902, a list of (e.g., multiple) possible / potential complete mappings of cell / anchor locations (e.g., TRP locations), where each possible / potential complete mapping may be referred to as a “mapping hypothesis.” For example, a first possible / potential complete mapping may indicate a first cell ID maps to a first cell / anchor location, and a second cell ID maps to a second cell / anchor location, whereas a second possible / potential complete mapping may indicate the first cell ID maps to the second cell / anchor location, and the second cell ID maps to the first cell / anchor location, etc. Similarly, while the transmission of the request at 910 and the transmission of the list at 916 are illustrated with separated signaling, they are merely for illustration purposes. Depending on the implementations, the location server 904 may also transmit the request and the list via the same signaling, or just transmit the list without the request, etc.

[0115] At 918, the hybrid UE 902 may be configured to solve the mappings (or the positioning problem) to obtain a position fix (e.g., to estimate its own position), and also to provide a quality indicator (such as a quality score, a quality metric, a confidence metric, and / or a residual error function, etc.) for each mapping hypothesis.For example, the hybrid UE 902 may compute its position using possible mappings provided by the location server 904, such as computing its position based on the OTT signal measurements and based on one or more mappings in the list of possible complete mappings to see if they match (e.g., the OTT signals are received from correct directions, angles, and / or distances, etc.). For example, the hybrid UE 902 may try to apply each mapping to its OTT signal measurements to see whether they fit to the cell / anchor IDs provided by that mapping (e.g., based on using a reverse positioning mechanism). In addition, the hybrid UE 902 may also generate a quality matric for each mapping it applies, where a high quality score may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is more likely to be accurate and a low quality score may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is less likely to be accurate, etc. Then, at 920, the hybrid UE 902 may report its estimated position, a solved mapping or an indication for the solved mapping (e.g., a mapping which the hybrid UE 902 determines to be accurate), and / or the quality indicators (for the multiple possible mappings) to the location server 904.

[0116] At 922, the location server 904 may obtain (e.g., based on using a crowdsourcing mechanism) similar solved mappings and / or quality indicators for each mapping in the list of possible mappings from a plurality of hybrid UEs (e.g., from the hybrid UE 902 and other hybrid UEs that may share the same serving cell or AP and / or the same / similar neighboring cell(s) / AP(s), etc.). Then, the location server 904 may combine all these mappings and / or quality metric s / indicators to compute which mapping in the list of possible mappings is more probable (compared to other mappings in the list of possible mappings), and then use that mapping for other UEs, such as non-survey UEs.

[0117] FIG. 10 is a communication flow 1000 illustrating an example of a hybrid UE computing its position based on a set of possible complete mappings and providing a quality indie ator / me trie for each possible complete mapping in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0118] As shown by an example 1002, at 1014, the hybrid UE 902 may measure OTT signals from three cells that are close to (e.g., within a measurable distance of) the hybrid UE 902, where the OTT signal from each cell of the three cells may include a corresponding cell ID of that cell. For example, the cell IDs for the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell of the three cells may be #1, #2, and #3, respectively.In addition, the OTT signal measurements for the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell may be denoted by TI , T2, and T3, respectively, where the OTT signal measurements may include ToA, TDoA, RSSI, AoA, RSRP, and / or RSRPP measurements, etc.

[0119] At 1016, the location server 904 may transmit, to the hybrid UE 902, a list of possible complete mappings of cell / anchor locations. For example, a first mapping (e.g., a first possible complete mapping) may map the cell ID #2 to a first cell location (e.g., at coordinates (Xi, KJ), the cell ID #1 to a second cell location (e.g., at coordinates (X2, KJ), and the cell ID #3 to a fourth cell location (e.g., at coordinates (X4, KJ). On the other hand, a second mapping (e.g., a second possible complete mapping) may map the cell ID #2 to the first cell location (e.g., at coordinates (Xi, KJ), the cell ID #1 to the second cell location (e.g., at coordinates (X2, KJ), and the cell ID #3 to a third cell location (e.g., at coordinates (X3, KJ).

[0120] At 1018, the hybrid UE 902 may compute its position using both possible complete mappings (e.g., the first mapping and the second mapping) given by the location server 904 and also compute a quality indicator (such as a quality score, a quality metric, a confidence metric, and / or a residual error function, etc.) for each possible complete mapping. For example, if measurements TI , T2, and T3 correspond to ToA / TDoA measurements from three cell locations, the hybrid UE 902 may try to apply the cell locations provided by each possible complete mapping and determine whether they fit (e.g., whether an OTT signal is received from a correct / possible direction, angle, and / or distance, etc.). Assuming the hybrid UE 902 determines that measurements TI , T2, and T3 correspond to the first cell location (with cell ID #2 in the first mapping), the second cell location (with cell ID #1 in the first mapping), and the fourth cell location (with cell ID #3 in the first mapping), the hybrid UE 902 may assign a higher quality score for these pairings. On the other hand, the hybrid UE 902 may also determine that the third cell location (e.g., (X3, KJ) does not fit to any of its ToA / TDoA measurements, and the hybrid UE 902 may assign a lower quality score for that pairings. Then, the hybrid UE 902 may compute an overall quality indicator for each possible complete mapping. For example, the first possible complete mapping may receive a quality metric / indicator of 30 points (e.g., OFirst mapping = 30) and the second possible complete mapping may receive a quality metric / indicator of 23 points (e.g., OSecond mapping = 23).

[0121] At 1020, the hybrid UE 902 may report its estimated position, a solved mapping or an indication for the solved mapping (e.g., a mapping which the hybrid UE 902 determines to be accurate), and / or the quality metric s / indicators to the location server 904. For example, the hybrid UE 902 may indicate to the location server 904 the OFirst mapping and the osecond mapping. After the location server 904 receives same / similar quality indicators from multiple hybrid UEs, the location server 904 may make a collective decision to keep one particular mapping (e.g., the mapping with highest quality indicator such as the first mapping), which may then be used by other nonsurvey UEs. For example, if the quality indicator of the first mapping is higher than the quality indicator of the second mapping (e.g., OFirst mapping > osecond mapping), the location server 904 (and also the hybrid UE 902) may be configured to trust the first mapping more (e.g., finding the first mapping to be more reliable / accurate).

[0122] FIG. 11 is a communication flow 1100 illustrating an example of a hybrid UE computing its position based on a set of possible combinations for a mapping and providing a quality indie ator / me trie for each possible combination in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0123] As shown by an example 1102, at 1114, the hybrid UE 902 may measure OTT signals from three cells that are close to (e.g., within a measurable distance of) the hybrid UE 902, where the OTT signal from each cell of the three cells may include a corresponding cell ID of that cell. For example, the cell IDs for the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell of the three cells may be #1, #2, and #3, respectively. In addition, the OTT signal measurements for the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell may be denoted by TI , T2, and T3, respectively, where the OTT signal measurements may include ToA, TDoA, RSSI, AoA, RSRP, and / or RSRPP measurements, etc.

[0124] At 1116, the location server 904 may transmit, to the hybrid UE 902, a list of possible combinations for a mapping. For example, the list of possible combinations for a mapping may indicate that the cell ID #2 or the cell ID #3 may map to a first cell location (e.g., at coordinates (Xi, K ), the cell ID #1 or the cell ID #2 may map to a second cell location (e.g., at coordinates (X2, KJ), and the cell ID #1 or the cell ID #3 may map to a third cell location (e.g., at coordinates (X3, KJ), etc. As an alternative, the list of possible combinations for a mapping may indicate that the cell ID #1 is mapped to the second cell location or the third cell location, the cell ID #2 is mappedto the second cell location or the third cell location, and the cell ID #3 is mapped to the first cell location or the third cell location, etc. In other words, the location server 904 may inform the hybrid UE 902 that identifier ‘#1’ has historically been either at the second cell location (X2, F2) or at the third cell location (X3, F3), or that at the first cell location (Xi, Fi), either identifier ‘#2’ or ‘#3’ has been observed but the location server 904 is uncertain which one it is right now.

[0125] At 1118, the hybrid UE 902 may compute its position using all possible combinations / mappings and also compute a quality indicator for each possible combination / mapping. For example, the first possible combination / mapping may map cell IDs #1, #2, and #3 to coordinates (X2, F2), (Xi, F , and (X3, f3), respectively, and the second possible combination / mapping may map cell IDs #2 #3, and #1 to coordinates (X2, F2), (XbF , and (X3, F3), respectively. Then, as described in connection with 1108, the hybrid UE 902 may try to apply the cell locations provided by each possible combination / mapping and determine whether they fit (e.g., whether an OTT signal is received from a correct / possible direction, angle, and / or distance, etc.). Then, the hybrid UE 902 may assign a quality score each pairing and / or for each combination / mapping.

[0126] At 1120, the hybrid UE 902 may report its estimated position, a solved mapping or an indication for the solved mapping (e.g., a mapping which the hybrid UE 902 determines to be accurate), and / or the quality metrics / indicators for each combination / mapping to the location server 904. For example, the hybrid UE 902 may indicate to the location server 904 the quality metric / indicator of the first combination (OFirst combination) and the quality metric / indicator of the second combination (osecond combination). After the location server 904 receives same / similar solved mappings and / or quality metrics / indicators from multiple hybrid UEs, the location server 904 may make a collective decision to keep one particular combination / mapping (e.g., the combination / mapping with highest quality metric / indicator), which may then be used by other non-survey UEs. For example, if the quality indicator of the first combination is higher than the quality indicator of the second combination (e.g., OFirst combination > Osecond combination), the location server 904 (and also the hybrid UE 902) may be configured to trust the first combination / mapping more (e.g., finding the first combination to be more reliable / accurate).

[0127] FIG. 12 is a communication flow 1200 illustrating an example signaling between a hybrid UE and a location server for verifying / completing a list of partial mappings in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The numberings associated with the communication flow 1200 do not specify a particular temporal order and are merely used as references for the communication flow 1200. For purposes of the present disclosure, a “partial mapping” may refer to a mapping where at least one of the cell / anchor IDs in the mapping is not mapped to at least one cell / anchor location, or that at least one of the cell / anchor locations in the mapping is not mapped to at least one cell / anchor ID, etc.

[0128] At 1210, a location server 1204 (e.g., an LMF, a CIE, etc.) may transmit a request to a hybrid UE 1202, and request the hybrid UE 1202 to be in a hybrid mode. The location server 1204 may be configured to transmit the request when the location server 1204 is specified to compute, refine, and / or update a mapping between a list of cell IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations, and / or when the location server 1204 knows the positions of just some (e.g., a few) cells / anchors, etc.

[0129] At 1214, in response to the request from the location server 1204, the hybrid UE 1202 may measure OTT signals from a set of cells that is in a threshold distance (e.g., a measurable distance) of the hybrid UE 1202. For example, the hybrid UE 1202 may measure at least one of: a ToA, a TDoA, an RSSI, an AoA, an RSRP, and / or an RSRPP for OTT signals (which may collectively be referred to as “OTT signal measurements”) from observable cells in its vicinity. Each OTT signal may include the ID of each cell / anchor transmitting the OTT signal (e.g., cell ID, PCI, SSID, etc.).

[0130] At 1216, the location server 1204 may transmit (e.g., share or provide), to the hybrid UE 1202, a list of (multiple) partial mappings of cell / anchor locations (e.g., TRP locations) and a remaining list of cell / anchor locations (e.g., ones with unknown cell / anchor IDs or cell / anchor locations). For example, a partial mapping may include at least one cell / anchor location that does not map to at least one possible (e.g., a historical) cell / anchor ID, or include at least one cell / anchor ID that does not map to at least one possible (e.g., a historical) cell / anchor location, etc. Similarly, while the transmission of the request at 1210 and the transmission of the list at 1216 are illustrated with separated signaling, they are merely for illustration purposes. Depending on the implementations, the location server 1204 may also transmit therequest and the list via the same signaling, or just transmit the list without the request, etc.

[0131] At 1218, the hybrid UE 1202 may be configured to solve the mappings (or the positioning problem) to obtain a position fix (e.g., to estimate its own position) if (or assuming) the number of cells / anchors in the mappings is sufficient to obtain the position fix, and the hybrid UE 1202 may also be configured to provide a quality indicator (such as a residual error function) for each mapping hypothesis. In addition, if the hybrid UE 1202 is able to obtain its position fix, the hybrid UE 1202 may be configured to uses its position fix to solve for the mapping of the remaining cell / anchor locations in the list (e.g., the ones without confirmed mappings). For example, the hybrid UE 1202 may compute its position using possible partial mappings provided by the location server 1204, such as computing its position based on the OTT signal measurements and each partial mapping in the list of partial mappings to see if they match (e.g., the OTT signals are received from correct directions, angles, and / or distances, etc.). After the hybrid UE 1202 computes its position, the hybrid UE 1202 may try to solve the remaining cell / anchor locations / IDs (e.g., ones which the location server 1204 are uncertain about). In addition, the hybrid UE 1202 may also generate a quality matric for each mapping it applies, where a high quality score may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is more likely to be accurate and a low quality score may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is less likely to be accurate, etc. In some examples, if the hybrid UE 1202 is able to solve the remaining cell / anchor locations / IDs, the hybrid UE 1202 may also provide a confidence metric associated with the solved remaining cell / anchor locations / IDs (e.g., a high confidence score may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is more likely to be accurate and a low confidence score may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is less likely to be accurate).

[0132] On the other hand, if the number of cell / anchor locations in the mapping(s) is not sufficient to estimate the position of the hybrid UE 1202 (e.g., to obtain a position fix), the hybrid UE 1202 may be configured to try to obtain a position fix from an alternate positioning technology (e.g., using GNSS-based positioning if available), and solve for a mapping of the remaining cell / anchor locations. However, if the hybrid UE 1202 is unable to obtain its position fix based on the partial mapping and based on the alternate positioning technology, the hybrid UE 1202 may inform the locationserver 1204 that the hybrid UE 1202 is unable to solve / verify the list of partial mappings.

[0133] At 1220, the hybrid UE 1202 may report its estimated position, a solved mapping or an indication for the solved mapping (e.g., a mapping which the hybrid UE 1202 determines to be accurate), and / or the quality indicators (e.g., for available pairing(s) in the partial mapping(s)), and / or the confidence metrics (e.g., for solved pairing(s) in the partial mapping(s)) to the location server 1204.

[0134] At 1222, the location server 1204 may obtain (e.g., based on using a crowdsourcing mechanism) similar solved mappings, quality indicators and / or confidence metrics for each partial mapping in the list of partial mappings from a plurality of hybrid UEs (e.g., from the hybrid UE 1202 and other hybrid UEs that may share the same serving cell or AP and / or the same / similar neighboring cell(s) / AP(s), etc.). Then, the location server 1204 may combine all these mappings, quality indicators and / or confidence metrics to obtain a single (combined) mapping, or to compute which solved mapping (e.g., a mapping that is solved by a hybrid UE as discussed in connection with 1218) is more probable (compared to other solved mappings), and then use that solved mapping for other UEs, such as non-survey UEs.

[0135] FIG. 13 is a communication flow 1300 illustrating an example of a hybrid UE computing its position based on a partial mapping information and providing a quality indicator / confidence metric for a set of possible mappings in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0136] As shown by an example 1302, at 1314, the hybrid UE 1202 may measure OTT signals from three cells that are close to (e.g., within a measurable distance of) the hybrid UE 1202, where the OTT signal from each cell of the three cells may include a corresponding cell ID of that cell. For example, the cell IDs for the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell of the three cells may be #1, #2, and #3, respectively. In addition, the OTT signal measurements for the first cell, the second cell, and the third cell may be denoted by TI , T2, and T3, respectively, where the OTT signal measurements may include ToA, TDoA, RSSI, AoA, RSRP, and / or RSRPP measurements, etc.

[0137] At 1316, the location server 1204 may transmit, to the hybrid UE 1202, a partial mapping of cell / anchor locations that includes a set of unmapped cell / anchor locations. For example, the partial mapping may indicate that cell ID #2 is mapped toa first cell location (e.g., at coordinates (A), K and cell ID #1 is mapped to a second cell location (e.g., at coordinates (X2, K2)), however a third cell location (e.g., at coordinates (X3, FJ) and a fourth cell location (e.g., at coordinates (X4, K4)) are not mapped to any cell IDs (e.g., their cell IDs are unknown to the location server 1204).

[0138] At 1318, the hybrid UE 1202 may compute its position using multiple possible mappings derived from the partial mapping given by the location server 1204 and also compute a quality indicator for each possible mapping. For example, there may be two possible mappings in this example, where the first possible mapping (mapping 1) maps cell IDs #1, #2, and #3 to the second cell location, the first cell location, and the fourth cell location, respectively, and the second possible mapping (mapping 2) maps cell IDs #1, #2, and #3 to the second cell location, the first cell location, and the third cell location, respectively. If measurements TI , T2, and T3 correspond to ToA / TDoA measurements from three cell locations, the hybrid UE 1202 may try to apply the cell locations provided by each possible mapping and determine whether they fit (e.g., whether an OTT signal is received from a correct / possible direction, angle, and / or distance, etc.). Assuming the hybrid UE 1202 determines that measurements TI , T2, and T3 correspond to the first cell location (with cell ID #2 in the first possible mapping), the second cell location (with cell ID #1 in the first possible mapping), and the fourth cell location (with cell ID #3 in the first possible mapping), the hybrid UE 1202 may assign a higher quality score for these pairings. On the other hand, the hybrid UE 1202 may also determine that the third cell location (e.g., (X3, K3)) does not fit to any of its ToA / TDoA measurements, and the hybrid UE 1202 may assign a lower quality score for that pairings. Then, the hybrid UE 1202 may compute an overall quality indicator or a confidence metric for each possible mapping. For example, the first possible mapping may receive a quality indicator / confidence metric of 30 points (e.g., Omapping 1 = 30) and the second possible mapping may receive a quality indicator / confidence metric of 23 points (e.g., Omapping 2 =23).

[0139] At 1320, the hybrid UE 1202 may report its estimated position, a solved mapping or an indication for the solved mapping (e.g., the first mapping), and / or the quality indicators / confidence metrics to the location server 1204. For example, the hybrid UE 1202 may indicate to the location server 1204 the first mapping, or the Omapping 1 and the Omapping 2. After the location server 1204 receives same / similar mappings, quality indicators and / or confidence metrics from multiple hybrid UEs, the location server1204 may make a collective decision to keep / use one particular mapping (e.g., the mapping with highest quality indicator / confidence metric), which may then be used by other non-survey UEs. For example, if the quality indicator of the first possible mapping is higher than the quality indicator of the second possible mapping (e.g., Omapping 1 > Omapping 2), the location server 1204 (and also the hybrid UE 1202) may be configured to trust the first possible mapping more (e.g., finding the first mapping to be more reliable / accurate).

[0140] Aspects presented herein are directed to techniques / protocols for crowdsourcing to enhance the location database. In one aspect, there are 3 types of UEs possible in the system: Survey UEs, Non-Survey UEs, and Hybrid UEs. Survey UEs get a position fix using an alternate technology (such as GNSS) and use this position fix to come with a mapping betweenits ToA / TDoA measurements and the list of anchor positions for UE-based operation or report the position fix to location server for server based mapping computation. Non-Survey UEs get the mapping information from the location server (computed a priori using Survey UEs) and use it combine their ToA / TDoA measurements and the list of anchor positions for position calculation. Hybrid UEs are a middle ground between survey and non-survey UEs and use a possible number of mappings provided by the location server to compute a position estimate. They also report back to the server the quality of each individual mapping provided, hence enabling the location server to refine its stored mapping for use by other non-survey UEs.

[0141] FIG. 14 is a flowchart 1400 of a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 404, 502; the survey UE 702; the apparatus 1604). The method may enable the UE to generate, verify, or resolve one or more mappings between a list of cell / anchor IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations.

[0142] At 1406, the UE may receive, from a network entity, at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. For example, as discussed in connection with 716 of FIG. 7, the survey UE 702 may receive, from the location server 704, a list of cell / anchor locations in a certain radius(e.g., a defined radius such as 1 kilometer (km), 2 km, or 5 km, etc.) around the survey UE 702. The reception of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0143] At 1408, the UE may measure a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. For example, as discussed in connection with 714 of FIG. 7, in response to the request from the location server 704, the survey UE 702 may measure OTT signals from a set of cells that is in a threshold distance (e.g., a measurable distance) of the survey UE 702. The measurement of the set of signals may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0144] At 1410, the UE may estimate a mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on at least one of the measurement of the set of signals, a location of the UE, the list of anchors locations, or the second list of potential mappings, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. For example, as discussed in connection with 718 of FIG. 7, the survey UE 702 may use its position fix (e.g., obtained at 712) to perform (or to solve) a reverse positioning calculation (or problem), and compute / generate a mapping from its OTT signal measurements to the list of cell / anchor locations provided by the location server 704 (e.g., obtained at 716). The estimation of the mapping may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0145] In one example, the UE may estimate the location of the UE prior to the estimation of the mapping, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. For example, as discussed in connection with 712 of FIG. 7, the survey UE 702 may obtain a position fix (e.g., estimate its position) using a (reliable) positioning technology. The estimation of the location of the UE may be performed by, e.g., the mappingcomputation component 198, the SPS module 1616, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0146] In another example, the UE may receive, from the network entity, a request to create the estimated mapping, and transmit, to the network entity, the estimated mapping based on the request, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. For example, as discussed in connection with 710 of FIG. 7, the survey UE 702 may receive, from the location server 704, a request to be in a survey mode (e.g., to perform verification or generation of cell / anchor IDs and locations mapping). At 720, the survey UE 702 may report the computed / generated mapping to the location server 704, which may be based on the request received at 710. The reception of the request and / or the transmission of the estimated mapping may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0147] In another example, the UE may receive a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the estimation of the mapping is based on the complete mapping. In some implementations, the UE may receive, prior to the reception of the complete mapping, a request to verify the complete mapping, and verify the complete mapping based on the request.

[0148] In another example, to measure the set of signals, the UE may measure at least one of a time of arrival (ToA), a time difference of arrival (TDoA), a received signal strength indicator (RS SI), an angle of arrival (AoA), or a reference signal receive power (RSRP) of the set of signals. In some implementations, to estimate the mapping, the UE may estimate the mapping based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors and the location of the UE.

[0149] In another example, the first list of anchor locations may include at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

[0150] In another example, the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs may include at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in theset of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

[0151] In another example, to estimate the mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to the anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement, the location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings, the UE may estimate a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement, and match the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

[0152] In another example, the network entity may be a location server, a location management function (LMF), or a connected intelligent edge (CIE), and the set of anchors may include at least one of: at least one transmission reception point (TRP) or at least one Wi-Fi access point (AP).

[0153] In another example, the set of anchors may include a set of observable cells in a vicinity or a threshold distance of the UE.

[0154] In another example, the set of signals includes at least one of: a set of cell specific reference signals (CRS), a set of tracking reference signals (TRS), or a set of long training sequences (LTS).

[0155] In another example, the UE may output an indication of the estimated mapping. In some implementations, to output the indication of the estimated mapping, the UE may transmit the indication of the estimated mapping, or store the indication of the estimated mapping.

[0156] FIG. 15 is a flowchart 1500 of a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 404, 502; the survey UE 702; the apparatus 1604). The method may enable the UE to generate or verify one or more mappings between a list of cell / anchor IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations.

[0157] At 1506, the UE may receive, from a network entity, at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that ismapped to multiple anchor IDs, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. For example, as discussed in connection with 716 of FIG. 7, the survey UE 702 may receive, from the location server 704, a list of cell / anchor locations in a certain radius (e.g., a defined radius such as 1 kilometer (km), 2 km, or 5 km, etc.) around the survey UE 702. The reception of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0158] At 1508, the UE may measure a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. For example, as discussed in connection with 714 of FIG. 7, in response to the request from the location server 704, the survey UE 702 may measure OTT signals from a set of cells that is in a threshold distance (e.g., a measurable distance) of the survey UE 702. The measurement of the set of signals may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0159] At 1510, the UE may estimate a mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on at least one of the measurement of the set of signals, a location of the UE, the list of anchors locations, or the second list of potential mappings, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. For example, as discussed in connection with 718 of FIG. 7, the survey UE 702 may use its position fix (e.g., obtained at 712) to perform (or to solve) a reverse positioning calculation (or problem), and compute / generate a mapping from its OTT signal measurements to the list of cell / anchor locations provided by the location server 704 (e.g., obtained at 716). The estimation of the mapping may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0160] In one example, at 1504, the UE may estimate the location of the UE prior to the estimation of the mapping, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. Forexample, as discussed in connection with 712 of FIG. 7, the survey UE 702 may obtain a position fix (e.g., estimate its position) using a (reliable) positioning technology. The estimation of the location of the UE may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the SPS module 1616, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0161] In another example, at 1502, the UE may receive, from the network entity, a request to create the estimated mapping, and at 1512, the UE may transmit, to the network entity, the estimated mapping based on the request, such as described in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8. For example, as discussed in connection with 710 of FIG. 7, the survey UE 702 may receive, from the location server 704, a request to be in a survey mode (e.g., to perform verification or generation of cell / anchor IDs and locations mapping). At 720, the survey UE 702 may report the computed / generated mapping to the location server 704, which may be based on the request received at 710. The reception of the request and / or the transmission of the estimated mapping may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1622, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, and / or the application processor(s) 1606 of the apparatus 1604 in FIG. 16.

[0162] In another example, the UE may receive a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the estimation of the mapping is based on the complete mapping. In some implementations, the UE may receive, prior to the reception of the complete mapping, a request to verify the complete mapping, and verify the complete mapping based on the request.

[0163] In another example, to measure the set of signals, the UE may measure at least one of a ToA, a TDoA, an RS SI, an AoA, or an RSRP of the set of signals. In some implementations, to estimate the mapping, the UE may estimate the mapping based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors and the location of the UE.

[0164] In another example, the first list of anchor locations may include at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

[0165] In another example, the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs may include at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

[0166] In another example, to estimate the mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to the anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement, the location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings, the UE may estimate a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement, and match the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

[0167] In another example, the network entity may be a location server, an LMF, or a CIE, and the set of anchors may include at least one of: at least one TRP or at least one WiFi AP.

[0168] In another example, the set of anchors may include a set of observable cells in a vicinity or a threshold distance of the UE.

[0169] In another example, the set of signals includes at least one of: a set of CRS, a set of TRS, or a set of LTS.

[0170] In another example, the UE may output an indication of the estimated mapping. In some implementations, to output the indication of the estimated mapping, the UE may transmit the indication of the estimated mapping, or store the indication of the estimated mapping.

[0171] FIG. 16 is a diagram 1600 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1604. The apparatus 1604 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1604 may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1624 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1622 (e.g., cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 may include at least one on-chip memory 1624'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1604 may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1620 and at least one application processor 1606 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1608 and a screen 1610. The application processor(s) 1606 mayinclude on-chip memory 1606'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1604 may further include a Bluetooth module 1612, a WLAN module 1614, an ultrawide band (UWB) module 1638, an SPS module 1616 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensors 1618 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor such as inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer(s); light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio and / or other technologies used for positioning), additional memory modules 1626, a power supply 1630, and / or a camera 1632. The Bluetooth module 1612, the UWB module 1638, the WLAN module 1614, and the SPS module 1616 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, just a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1612, the WLAN module 1614, and the SPS module 1616 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize the antennas 1680 for communication. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 communicates through the transceiver(s) 1622 via one or more antennas 1680 with the UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with a network entity 1602. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 and the application processor(s) 1606 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1624', 1606', respectively. The additional memory modules 1626 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1624', 1606', 1626 may be non- transitory. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 and the application processor(s) 1606 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 / application processor(s) 1606, causes the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 / application processor(s) 1606 to perform the various functions described supra. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 and the application processor(s) 1606 are configured to perform the various functions described supra based at least in part of the information stored in the memory. That is, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 and the application processor(s) 1606 may be configured to perform a first subset of the various functions described supra without information stored in the memory and may be configured to perform a second subset of the various functions described supra based on the information stored in the memory. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 / applicationprocessor(s) 1606 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 / application processor(s) 1606 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the at least one memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1604 may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and include just the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 and / or the application processor(s) 1606, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1604 may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE 350 of FIG. 3) and include the additional modules of the apparatus 1604.

[0172] As discussed supra, the mapping computation component 198 may be configured to receive, from a network entity, at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs. The mapping computation component 198 may also be configured to measure a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors. The mapping computation component 198 may also be configured to estimate a mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on at least one of the measurement of the set of signals, a location of the UE, the list of anchors locations, or the second list of potential mappings. The mapping computation component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624, the application processor(s) 1606, or both the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 and the application processor(s) 1606. The mapping computation component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the apparatus 1604 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1604, and in particular the cellular baseband processor(s) 1624 and / or the application processor(s) 1606, may include means for receiving, from a network entity, at least one of a firstlist of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs. The apparatus 1604 may further include means for measuring a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors. The apparatus 1604 may further include means for estimating a mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on at least one of the measurement of the set of signals, a location of the UE, the list of anchors locations, or the second list of potential mappings.

[0173] In one configuration, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for estimating the location of the apparatus 1604 prior to the estimation of the mapping.

[0174] In another configuration, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for receiving, from the network entity, a request to create the estimated mapping, and means for transmitting, to the network entity, the estimated mapping based on the request.

[0175] In another configuration, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for receiving a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the estimation of the mapping is based on the complete mapping. In some implementations, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for receiving, prior to the reception of the complete mapping, a request to verify the complete mapping, and means for verifying the complete mapping based on the request.

[0176] In another configuration, the means for measuring the set of signals may include configuring the apparatus 1604 to measure at least one of a ToA, a TDoA, an RSSI, an AoA, an RSRP, or an RSRPP of the set of signals. In some implementations, the means for estimating the mapping may include configuring the apparatus 1604 to estimate the mapping based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors and the location of the UE.

[0177] In another configuration, the first list of anchor locations may include at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

[0178] In another configuration, the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs may include at least one of a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

[0179] In another configuration, the means for estimating the mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to the anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement, the location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings may include configuring the apparatus 1604 to estimate a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement, and match the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

[0180] In another configuration, the network entity may be an LMF or a CIE, and the set of anchors may include at least one of at least one TRP or at least one Wi-Fi AP.

[0181] In another configuration, the set of anchors may include a set of observable cells in a vicinity or a threshold distance of the apparatus 1604.

[0182] In another configuration, the set of signals includes at least one of a set of CRS, a set of TRS, or a set of LTS.

[0183] In another configuration, the apparatus 1604 may further include means for outputting an indication of the estimated mapping. In some implementations, the means for outputting the indication of the estimated mapping may include configuring the apparatus 1604 to transmit the indication of the estimated mapping, or store the indication of the estimated mapping.

[0184] The means may be the mapping computation component 198 of the apparatus 1604 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the apparatus 1604 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0185] FIG. 17 is a flowchart 1700 of a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 404, 502; the hybrid UE 902, 1202; the apparatus 1904). The method may enable the UE togenerate, verify, or resolve one or more mappings between a list of cell / anchor IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations.

[0186] At 1704, the UE may receive, from a network entity, a request to verify at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 910 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may receive, from the location server 904, a request to be in a hybrid mode (e.g., for verifying or resolving one or more mappings). At 916, the hybrid UE 902 may receive, from the location server 904, a list of multiple mappings of cell / anchor locations (e.g., TRP locations). The reception of the request may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0187] At 1706, the UE may measure, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 914 of FIG. 9, in response to the request from the location server 904, the hybrid UE 902 may measure OTT signals from a set of cells that is in a threshold distance (e.g., a measurable distance) of the hybrid UE 902. The measurement of the set of signals may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0188] At 1708, the UE may verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 918 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may be configured to solve the mappings (or the positioning problem) to obtain a position fix (e.g., to estimate its own position), and also to provide a quality indicator (such as a residual error function) for each mapping hypothesis. The verification of the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchorlocations to anchor IDs may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0189] At 1710, the UE may transmit, to the network entity based on the verification, a quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 920 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may report its estimated position and also the quality indicators (for the multiple possible mappings) to the location server 904. The transmission of the quality indicator may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0190] In one example, the UE may estimate the location of the UE, where the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs is further based on the estimated location of the UE, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 918 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may be configured to solve the mappings (or the positioning problem) to obtain a position fix (e.g., to estimate its own position. For example, the hybrid UE 902 may compute its position using possible mappings provided by the location server 904, such as computing its position based on the OTT signal measurements and each mapping in the list of possible mappings to see if they match (e.g., the OTT signals are received from correct directions, angles, and / or distances, etc.). The estimation of the location of the UE may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0191] In another example, the UE may estimate a mapping of an anchor ID associated with at least one anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement and the list of anchors locations, and transmit, to the network entity, the estimated mapping, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 918 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may generate a quality matric for each mapping it applies, where a high qualityscore may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is more likely to be accurate and a low quality score may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is less likely to be accurate, etc. Then, at 920, the hybrid UE 902 may report its estimated position and also the quality indicators (for the multiple possible mappings) to the location server 904. The estimation of the mapping and / or the transmission of the estimated mapping may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0192] In another example, the UE may receive a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs may be based on the complete mapping. In some implementations, the UE may receive, prior to the reception of the complete mapping, a request to verify the complete mapping, and verify the complete mapping based on the request.

[0193] In another example, to measure the set of signals, the UE may measure at least one of a ToA, a TDoA, an RS SI, an AoA, an RSRP or an RSRPP of the set of signals. In some implementations, to verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, the UE may verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors.

[0194] In another example, the first list of anchor locations may include at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

[0195] In another example, the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs includes at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

[0196] In another example, to verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, the UE may estimate a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement, and match the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

[0197] In another example, to transmit the quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings, the UE may transmit the quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings that exceed a quality indicator threshold, or transmit the quality indicator for X anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for X potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings with highest quality indicator scores, where X is a positive integer.

[0198] In another example, the network entity may be a location server, an LMF or a CIE, and where the set of anchors may include at least one of at least one TRP or at least one Wi-Fi AP.

[0199] In another example, the set of anchors may include a set of observable cells in a vicinity or a threshold distance of the UE.

[0200] In another example, the set of signals includes at least one of a set of cell CRS, a set of TRS, or a set of LTS.

[0201] In another example, to verify at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, the UE may solve for at least one of (1) a first anchor ID that maps to the first anchor location or (2) a second anchor ID in the multiple anchor IDs that maps to the second anchor location based on the measurement.

[0202] In another example, the quality indicator may correspond to at least one of a quality score, a quality metric or a confidence metric, or a residual error function.

[0203] FIG. 18 is a flowchart 1800 of a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 404, 502; the hybrid UE 902, 1202; the apparatus 1904). The method may enable the UE togenerate, verify, or resolve one or more mappings between a list of cell / anchor IDs and a list of cell / anchor locations.

[0204] At 1804, the UE may receive, from a network entity, a request to verify at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 910 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may receive, from the location server 904, a request to be in a hybrid mode (e.g., for verifying or resolving one or more mappings). At 916, the hybrid UE 902 may receive, from the location server 904, a list of multiple mappings of cell / anchor locations (e.g., TRP locations). The reception of the request may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0205] At 1806, the UE may measure, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 914 of FIG. 9, in response to the request from the location server 904, the hybrid UE 902 may measure OTT signals from a set of cells that is in a threshold distance (e.g., a measurable distance) of the hybrid UE 902. The measurement of the set of signals may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0206] At 1808, the UE may verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 918 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may be configured to solve the mappings (or the positioning problem) to obtain a position fix (e.g., to estimate its own position), and also to provide a quality indicator (such as a residual error function) for each mapping hypothesis. The verification of the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchorlocations to anchor IDs may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0207] At 1810, the UE may transmit, to the network entity based on the verification, a quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 920 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may report its estimated position and also the quality indicators (for the multiple possible mappings) to the location server 904. The transmission of the quality indicator may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0208] In one example, at 1802, the UE may estimate the location of the UE, where the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs is further based on the estimated location of the UE, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 918 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may be configured to solve the mappings (or the positioning problem) to obtain a position fix (e.g., to estimate its own position. For example, the hybrid UE 902 may compute its position using possible mappings provided by the location server 904, such as computing its position based on the OTT signal measurements and each mapping in the list of possible mappings to see if they match (e.g., the OTT signals are received from correct directions, angles, and / or distances, etc.). The estimation of the location of the UE may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0209] In another example, at 1812, the UE may estimate a mapping of an anchor ID associated with at least one anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement and the list of anchors locations, and transmit, to the network entity, the estimated mapping, such as described in connection with FIGs. 9 and 13. For example, as discussed in connection with 918 of FIG. 9, the hybrid UE 902 may generate a quality matric for each mappingit applies, where a high quality score may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is more likely to be accurate and a low quality score may indicate that a mapping (or a pairing in the mapping) is less likely to be accurate, etc. Then, at 920, the hybrid UE 902 may report its estimated position and also the quality indicators (for the multiple possible mappings) to the location server 904. The estimation of the mapping and / or the transmission of the estimated mapping may be performed by, e.g., the mapping computation component 198, the transceiver(s) 1922, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, and / or the application processor(s) 1906 of the apparatus 1904 in FIG. 19.

[0210] In another example, the UE may receive a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs may be based on the complete mapping. In some implementations, the UE may receive, prior to the reception of the complete mapping, a request to verify the complete mapping, and verify the complete mapping based on the request.

[0211] In another example, to measure the set of signals, the UE may measure at least one of a ToA, a TDoA, an RS SI, an AoA, an RSRP or an RSRPP of the set of signals. In some implementations, to verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, the UE may verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors.

[0212] In another example, the first list of anchor locations may include at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

[0213] In another example, the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs includes at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

[0214] In another example, to verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, the UE may estimate a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement, and match the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

[0215] In another example, to transmit the quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings, the UE may transmit the quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings that exceed a quality indicator threshold, or transmit the quality indicator for X anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for X potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings with highest quality indicator scores, where X is a positive integer.

[0216] In another example, the network entity may be a location server, an LMF or a CIE, and where the set of anchors may include at least one of at least one TRP or at least one Wi-Fi AP.

[0217] In another example, the set of anchors may include a set of observable cells in a vicinity or a threshold distance of the UE.

[0218] In another example, the set of signals includes at least one of a set of cell CRS, a set of TRS, or a set of LTS.

[0219] In another example, to verify at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, the UE may solve for at least one of (1) a first anchor ID that maps to the first anchor location or (2) a second anchor ID in the multiple anchor IDs that maps to the second anchor location based on the measurement.

[0220] In another example, the quality indicator may correspond to at least one of a quality score, a quality metric or a confidence metric, or a residual error function.

[0221] FIG. 19 is a diagram 1900 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1904. The apparatus 1904 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1924 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one ormore transceivers 1922 (e.g., cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 may include at least one on-chip memory 1924'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1920 and at least one application processor 1906 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1908 and a screen 1910. The application processor(s) 1906 may include on-chip memory 1906'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1904 may further include a Bluetooth module 1912, a WLAN module 1914, an ultrawide band (UWB) module 1938, an SPS module 1916 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensors 1918 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor such as inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer(s); light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio and / or other technologies used for positioning), additional memory modules 1926, a power supply 1930, and / or a camera 1932. The Bluetooth module 1912, the UWB module 1938, the WLAN module 1914, and the SPS module 1916 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, just a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1912, the WLAN module 1914, and the SPS module 1916 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize the antennas 1980 for communication. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 communicates through the transceiver(s) 1922 via one or more antennas 1980 with the UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with a network entity 1902. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 and the application processor(s) 1906 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1924', 1906', respectively. The additional memory modules 1926 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1924', 1906', 1926 may be non- transitory. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 and the application processor(s) 1906 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 / application processor(s) 1906, causes the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 / application processor(s) 1906 to perform the various functions described supra. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 and the application processor(s) 1906 are configured to perform the various functions described supra based at least in part of the information stored in the memory. That is, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 and the application processor(s) 1906 maybe configured to perform a first subset of the various functions described supra without information stored in the memory and may be configured to perform a second subset of the various functions described supra based on the information stored in the memory. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 / application processor(s) 1906 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 / application processor(s) 1906 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the at least one memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1904 may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and include just the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 and / or the application processor(s) 1906, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1904 may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE 350 of FIG. 3) and include the additional modules of the apparatus 1904.

[0222] As discussed supra, the mapping computation component 198 may be configured to receive, from a network entity, a request to verify at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs. The mapping computation component 198 may also be configured to measure, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors. The mapping computation component 198 may also be configured to verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement. The mapping computation component 198 may also be configured to transmit, to the network entity based on the verification, a quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings. The mapping computation component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924, the application processor(s) 1906, or both the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 and the application processor(s) 1906. The mapping computation component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to performthe stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the apparatus 1904 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1904, and in particular the cellular baseband processor(s) 1924 and / or the application processor(s) 1906, may include means for receiving, from a network entity, a request to verify at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs. The apparatus 1904 may further include means for measuring, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, where the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors. The apparatus 1904 may further include means for verifying the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement. The apparatus 1904 may further include means for transmitting, to the network entity based on the verification, a quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings.

[0223] In one configuration, the apparatus 1904 may further include means for estimating the location of the UE, where the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs is further based on the estimated location of the UE.

[0224] In another configuration, the apparatus 1904 may further include means for estimating a mapping of an anchor ID associated with at least one anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement and the list of anchors locations, and means for transmitting, to the network entity, the estimated mapping.

[0225] In another configuration, the apparatus 1904 may further include means for receiving a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, where the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs may be based on the complete mapping. In someimplementations, the apparatus 1904 may further include means for receiving, prior to the reception of the complete mapping, a request to verify the complete mapping, and means for verifying the complete mapping based on the request.

[0226] In another configuration, the means for measuring the set of signals may include configuring the apparatus 1904 to measure at least one of a ToA, a TDoA, an RSSI, an AoA, an RSRP or an RSRPP of the set of signals. In some implementations, the means for verifying the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement may include configuring the apparatus 1904 to verify the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors.

[0227] In another configuration, the first list of anchor locations may include at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

[0228] In another configuration, the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs includes at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

[0229] In another configuration, the means for verifying the at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement may include configuring the apparatus 1904 to estimate a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement, and match the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

[0230] In another configuration, the means for transmitting the quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings may include configuring the apparatus 1904 to transmit the quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the secondlist of potential mappings that exceed a quality indicator threshold, or transmit the quality indicator for X anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for X potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings with highest quality indicator scores, where X is a positive integer.

[0231] In another configuration, the network entity may be a location server, an LMF or a CIE, and where the set of anchors may include at least one of: at least one TRP or at least one Wi-Fi AP.

[0232] In another configuration, the set of anchors may include a set of observable cells in a vicinity or a threshold distance of the apparatus 1904.

[0233] In another configuration, the set of signals includes at least one of: a set of cell CRS, a set of TRS, or a set of LTS.

[0234] In another configuration, the means for verifying at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement may include configuring the apparatus 1904 to solve for at least one of: (1) a first anchor ID that maps to the first anchor location or (2) a second anchor ID in the multiple anchor IDs that maps to the second anchor location based on the measurement.

[0235] In another configuration, the quality indicator may correspond to at least one of: a quality score, a quality metric or a confidence metric, or a residual error function.

[0236] The means may be the mapping computation component 198 of the apparatus 1904 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the apparatus 1904 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0237] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0238] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will bereadily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when,” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more. Accordingly, for a set of X, X would include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to perform a set of functions, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the set of functions. Accordingly, each processor of the at least one processor may be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the full set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as processor circuitry. A memory / memory module may be referred to as memory circuitry. If a first apparatus receives data from or transmits data to a second apparatus, the data may be received / transmitted directly between the first and second apparatuses, or indirectly between the first and second apparatuses through a set of apparatuses. A device configured to “output” data or “provide” data, such as a transmission, signal,or message, may transmit the data, for example with a transceiver, or may send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to “obtain” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may receive, for example with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

[0239] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.

[0240] The following aspects are illustrative only and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein, without limitation.

[0241] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, from a network entity, a request to verify at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor identifiers (IDs), wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs; measuring, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, wherein the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors; verifying at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement; and transmitting, to the network entity based on the verification, a quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings.

[0242] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, further comprising: estimating a mapping of an anchor ID associated with at least one anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement and the list of anchors locations; and transmitting, to the network entity, the estimated mapping.

[0243] Aspect 3 is the method of aspect 1 or aspect 2, further comprising: receiving a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, wherein the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs is based on the complete mapping.

[0244] Aspect 4 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 3, further comprising: receiving, prior to the reception of the complete mapping, a request to verify the complete mapping; and verifying the complete mapping based on the request.

[0245] Aspect 5 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 4, further comprising: estimating the location of the UE, wherein the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs is further based on the estimated location of the UE.

[0246] Aspect 6 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 5, wherein measuring the set of signals comprises measuring at least one of a time of arrival (ToA), a time difference of arrival (TDoA), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), an angle of arrival (AoA), a reference signal receive power (RSRP) or a path RSRP (RSRPP) of the set of signals.

[0247] Aspect 7 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 6, wherein verifying at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement comprises: verifying at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors.

[0248] Aspect 8 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

[0249] Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs includes at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

[0250] Aspect 10 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 9, wherein verifying at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement comprises: estimating a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement; and matching the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

[0251] Aspect 11 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 10, wherein transmitting the quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings comprise s : transmitting the quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings that exceed a quality indicator threshold; or transmitting the quality indicator for X anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for X potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings with highest quality indicator scores, where X is a positive integer.

[0252] Aspect 12 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the network entity is a location server, a location management function (LMF), or a connected intelligent edge (CIE), and wherein the set of anchors includes at least one of: at least one transmission reception point (TRP) or at least one Wi-Fi access point (AP).

[0253] Aspect 13 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the set of anchors includes a set of observable cells in a vicinity or a threshold distance of the UE.

[0254] Aspect 14 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the set of signals includes at least one of: a set of cell specific reference signals (CRS), a set of tracking reference signals (TRS), or a set of long training sequences (LTS).

[0255] Aspect 15 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 14, wherein verifying at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchorlocations to anchor IDs based on the measurement comprises: solving for at least one of: (1) a first anchor ID that maps to the first anchor location or (2) a second anchor ID in the multiple anchor IDs that maps to the second anchor location based on the measurement.

[0256] Aspect 16 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 15, wherein the quality indicator corresponds to at least one of: a quality score, a quality metric or a confidence metric, or a residual error function.

[0257] Aspect 17 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), including: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to implement any of aspects 1 to 16.

[0258] Aspect 18 is the apparatus of aspect 17, further including at least one transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0259] Aspect 19 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), including means for implementing any of aspects 1 to 16.

[0260] Aspect 20 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement any of aspects 1 to 16.

[0261] Aspect 21 is a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, from a network entity, at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor identifiers (IDs), wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs; measuring a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, wherein the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors; and estimating a mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on at least one of the measurement of the set of signals, a location of the UE, the list of anchors locations, or the second list of potential mappings.

[0262] Aspect 22 is the method of aspect 21, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, a request to create the estimated mapping; and transmitting, to the network entity, the estimated mapping based on the request.

[0263] Aspect 23 is the method of aspect 21 or aspect 22, further comprising: receiving a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, wherein the estimation of the mapping is based on the complete mapping.

[0264] Aspect 24 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 23, further comprising: receiving, prior to the reception of the complete mapping, a request to verify the complete mapping; and verifying the complete mapping based on the request.

[0265] Aspect 25 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 24, further comprising: estimating the location of the UE prior to the estimation of the mapping.

[0266] Aspect 26 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 25, wherein measuring the set of signals comprises measuring at least one of a time of arrival (ToA), a time difference of arrival (TDoA), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), an angle of arrival (AoA), a reference signal receive power (RSRP), or a path RSRP (RSRPP) of the set of signals.

[0267] Aspect 27 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 26, where estimating the mapping comprises: estimating the mapping based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors and the location of the UE.

[0268] Aspect 28 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 27, wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

[0269] Aspect 29 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 28, wherein the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs includes at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

[0270] Aspect 30 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 29, wherein estimating the mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to the anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement, the location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings comprises: estimating a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchorsbased on the measurement; and matching the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

[0271] Aspect 31 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 30, wherein the network entity is a location server, a location management function (LMF), or a connected intelligent edge (CIE), and wherein the set of anchors includes at least one of at least one transmission reception point (TRP) or at least one Wi-Fi access point (AP).

[0272] Aspect 32 is the method of any of aspects21 to 31, wherein the setof anchors includes a set of observable cells in a vicinity or a threshold distance of the UE.

[0273] Aspect 33 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 32, wherein the set of signals includes at least one of a set of cell specific reference signals (CRS), a set of tracking reference signals (TRS), or a set of long training sequences (LTS).

[0274] Aspect 34 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 33, further comprising: outputting an indication of the estimated mapping.

[0275] Aspect 35 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 34, wherein outputting the indication of the estimated mapping comprises: transmitting the indication of the estimated mapping; or storing the indication of the estimated mapping.

[0276] Aspect 36 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE), including: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to implement any of aspects 21 to 35.

[0277] Aspect 37 is the apparatus of aspect 36, further including at least one transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0278] Aspect 38 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE), including means for implementing any of aspects 21 to 35.

[0279] Aspect 39 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement any of aspects 21 to 35.

Claims

CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: receive, from a network entity, a request to verify at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor identifiers (IDs), wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs; measure, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, wherein the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors; verify at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement; and transmit, to the network entity, based on the verification, a quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: estimate a mapping of an anchor ID associated with at least one anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement and the first list of anchor locations; and transmit, to the network entity, the estimated mapping.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to receive, from the network entity, the request to verify the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to:receive, from the network entity, a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, wherein the verification of the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs is based on the complete mapping.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: receive, prior to the reception of the complete mapping, a second request to verify the complete mapping; and verify the complete mapping based on the second request.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: estimate the location of the UE, wherein the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs is further based on the estimated location of the UE.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to measure the set of signals, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: measure at least one of a time of arrival (ToA), a time difference of arrival (TDoA), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), an angle of arrival (AoA), a reference signal receive power (RSRP) or a path RSRP (RSRPP) of the set of signals.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein to verify at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: verify at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to verify at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: solve for at least one of: (1) a first anchor ID that maps to the first anchor location or (2) a second anchor ID in the multiple anchor IDs that maps to the second anchor location based on the measurement.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs includes at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to verify at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: estimate a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement; andmatch the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the quality indicator corresponds to at least one of a quality score, a quality metric or a confidence metric, or a residual error function.

13. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, from a network entity, a request to verify at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor identifiers (IDs), wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs; measuring, based on the request, a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, wherein the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors; verifying at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement; and transmitting, to the network entity based on the verification, a quality indicator for one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or for one or more potential mappings in the second list of potential mappings.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: estimating a mapping of an anchor ID associated with at least one anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement and the first list of anchor locations; and transmitting, to the network entity, the estimated mapping.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising: estimating the location of the UE, wherein the verification of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs is further based on the estimated location of the UE.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein verifying at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement comprises: estimating a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement; and matching the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs includes at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchorIDs.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein verifying at least one of the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs based on the measurement comprises: solving for at least one of: (1) a first anchor ID that maps to the first anchor location or (2) a second anchor ID in the multiple anchor IDs that maps to the second anchor location based on the measurement.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the quality indicator corresponds to at least one of: a quality score, a quality metric or a confidence metric, or a residual error function.

21. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: receive, from a network entity, at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor identifiers (IDs), wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs; measure a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, wherein the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors; and estimate a mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on at least one of the measurement of the set of signals, a location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to:receive, from the network entity, a request to create the estimated mapping; and transmit, to the network entity, the estimated mapping based on the request.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: receive a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, wherein the estimation of the mapping is based on the complete mapping.

24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: estimate the location of the UE prior to the estimation of the mapping.

25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein to measure the set of signals, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: measure at least one of a time of arrival (ToA), a time difference of arrival (TDoA), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), an angle of arrival (AoA), a reference signal receive power (RSRP), or a path RSRP (RSRPP) of the set of signals.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, where to estimate the mapping, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: estimate the mapping based on at least one of the ToA, the TDoA, the RSSI, the AoA, the RSRP, or the RSRPP of the set of signals for each anchor in the set of anchors and the location of the UE.

27. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one of: a third list of possible locations for the set of anchors, a fourth list of possible locations for a first subset of anchors in the set of anchors, or a fifth list of known locations for a second subset of anchors in the set of anchors.

28. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor IDs includes at least one of: a first mapping that maps each anchor in the set of anchors to one anchor location, a second mapping that maps one or more anchors in the set of anchors to one or more anchor locations, or a different combination of mappings between the set of anchors and a set of anchor IDs.

29. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein to estimate the mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to the anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement, the location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: estimate a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement; and match the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

30. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the set of anchors includes a set of observable cells in a vicinity or a threshold distance of the UE.

31. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, from a network entity, at least one of a first list of anchor locations or a second list of potential mappings of anchor locations to anchor identifiers (IDs), wherein the first list of anchor locations includes at least one: (1) a first anchor location that is not mapped to an anchor ID or (2) a second anchor location that is mapped to multiple anchor IDs; measuring a set of signals from each anchor in a set of anchors, wherein the set of signals is associated with an anchor ID for each anchor in the set of anchors; and estimating a mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to an anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on at least one ofthe measurement of the set of signals, a location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings.

32. The method of claim 31, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, a request to create the estimated mapping; and transmitting, to the network entity, the estimated mapping based on the request.

33. The method of claim 31, further comprising: receiving a complete mapping of anchor locations to anchor IDs, wherein the estimation of the mapping is based on the complete mapping.

34. The method of claim 31, further comprising: estimating the location of the UE prior to the estimation of the mapping.

35. The method of claim 31, wherein estimating the mapping of the anchor ID associated with each anchor in the set of anchors to the anchor location in the first list of anchor locations based on the measurement, the location of the UE, the first list of anchor locations, or the second list of potential mappings comprises: estimating a second location for one or more anchors in the set of anchors based on the measurement; and matching the one or more anchors to one or more anchor locations in the first list of anchor locations or the second list of potential mappings based on the estimated second location for the one or more anchors.

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