Meteorological measurement method and apparatus, and system

Abstract

Disclosed herein are a meteorological measurement method and apparatus, and a system, relating to the technical field of communications, intended to solve the problems of uneven supply distribution, large update delays, and an inability to accurately determine surface precipitation in a meteorological service provided by a meteorological detection device such as a weather radar, a rain gauge, and a meteorological satellite. The method comprises: a receiving end receiving a reference signal transmitted by means of a wireless channel, measuring the reference signal to obtain meteorological information, and the receiving end then reporting the meteorological information to a core network device; correspondingly, the core network device receiving the meteorological information reported by the receiving end, determining a meteorological characteristic parameter on the basis of the meteorological information, and further providing a meteorological service corresponding to the meteorological characteristic parameter. The meteorological information is used for characterizing a meteorological characteristic of the wireless channel in a transmission process and / or a channel state of the wireless channel in a meteorology to be measured. The solution of the present application can be widely applied to the technical fields of communication, artificial intelligence, vehicle networking, intelligent home networking, and the like.

Description

A meteorological measurement method, device and system

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on December 4, 2023, with application number 202311654710.1 and application name “A meteorological measurement method, device and system”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a meteorological measurement method, device, and system. Background Art

[0003] Public weather services provide daily weather services to the public, enabling them to mitigate weather risks and reduce losses caused by meteorological disasters. For example, people can use weather forecasts to avoid traveling during inclement weather. However, public weather services cannot meet the meteorological service requirements of different industries. For example, public weather services only provide large-scale weather forecasts and cannot meet the meteorological service requirements of the urban transportation industry, such as short precipitation update delays and detailed precipitation amounts for different regions.

[0004] Weather radar, rain gauges, meteorological satellites, and other meteorological detection equipment can acquire rainfall information and then use this information to determine precipitation and weather forecasts. However, weather radar primarily detects clouds in the sky and is suitable for measuring precipitation at high altitudes, but cannot accurately determine surface precipitation. Rain gauges have poor spatial representation and are easily affected by external factors (such as wind and obstructions), making it difficult to accurately determine surface precipitation. Meteorological satellites also suffer from high latency in providing meteorological services. Furthermore, the uneven distribution of meteorological detection equipment leads to uneven distribution of meteorological services and high update latency in some areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a meteorological measurement method, device, and system to solve the problems of uneven supply distribution, large update delay, and inability to accurately determine surface precipitation in meteorological services provided by meteorological detection equipment such as weather radars, rain gauges, and meteorological satellites.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a meteorological measurement method, which can be performed by a receiving terminal and a functional module or chip within the receiving terminal. The method includes: the receiving terminal receiving a reference signal transmitted via a wireless channel, then measuring the reference signal to obtain meteorological information, and further reporting the meteorological information to a core network device. The meteorological information is used to characterize the meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the weather conditions to be measured.

[0008] Based on the method described in the first aspect, the receiving end further obtains meteorological information by measuring the received reference signal and then reports the meteorological information to the core network equipment. The meteorological information is used to characterize the meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the weather conditions to be measured. In this way, the core network equipment can determine characteristic meteorological parameters based on the meteorological information, thereby providing meteorological services with balanced supply distribution, low update latency, and accurate determination of meteorological characteristic parameters.

[0009] In one possible design, a receiver receives a sensing request message requesting measurement and reporting of meteorological information. Subsequently, the receiver receives a reference signal transmitted over a wireless channel based on the sensing request message. Based on this possible design, the receiver receives the reference signal based on the sensing request message to achieve the goal of reporting meteorological information.

[0010] In one possible design, the perception request message includes at least one of the following: a measurement type, a measurement quantity, a measurement period, or a measurement duration. The measurement type indicates the type of weather to be measured, and the measurement quantity indicates the required information corresponding to the weather to be measured. Based on this possible design, the specific information included in the perception request message is provided to facilitate subsequent measurement and reporting of weather information by the receiving end.

[0011] In one possible design, the meteorological information includes at least one of the following: distance decoupling path loss information, path loss information caused by weather, link length, polarization information, direction information, or frequency information. Based on this possible design, detailed information included in the meteorological information is provided to facilitate subsequent core network equipment to receive the meteorological information and accurately determine characteristic meteorological parameters based on the meteorological information.

[0012] In one possible design, the receiver determines weather-related path loss information based on at least one of the following: link attenuation, free-space path loss, water-induced transmission path loss, and noise. Based on this possible design, a method for determining weather-related path loss information is proposed to achieve the purpose of determining weather-related path loss information.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application provides a meteorological measurement method, which can be executed by a core network device and a functional module or chip within the core network device. The method includes: the core network device receiving meteorological information reported by a receiving end, and determining characteristic parameters of the meteorological information based on the meteorological information. The meteorological information is used to characterize the meteorological characteristics of a wireless channel during transmission and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the meteorological conditions to be measured.

[0014] Based on the method described in the second aspect, the core network equipment can determine the characteristic parameters of the weather based on meteorological information to provide meteorological services with balanced supply distribution, short update delay, and accurate determination of the characteristic parameters of the weather.

[0015] In one possible design, the core network device sends a perception request message for requesting the receiving end to measure and report meteorological information. Based on this possible design, the core network device can achieve the purpose of obtaining meteorological information based on the sent perception request message.

[0016] In one possible design, the perception request message sent by the core network device includes at least one of the following: a measurement type, a measurement quantity, a measurement period, or a measurement duration; the measurement type is used to indicate the type of weather to be measured; the measurement quantity is used to indicate the information required to be measured corresponding to the weather to be measured. Based on this possible design, the specific information included in the perception request message sent by the core network device is provided, allowing the receiving end to measure and report the weather information requested by the perception request message based on the perception request message, further enabling the core network device to obtain the weather information, thereby achieving the purpose of obtaining the weather information.

[0017] In one possible design, the meteorological information received by the core network device includes at least one of the following: distance decoupling path loss information, meteorologically caused path loss information, link length, polarization information, direction information, or frequency information. Based on this possible design, specific information included in the meteorological information of the core network device is provided to facilitate the core network device in determining characteristic meteorological parameters based on the received meteorological information.

[0018] In one possible design, the receiving end determines weather-related path loss information based on at least one of the following: link attenuation, free-space path loss, water-induced transmission path loss, and noise. Based on this possible design, a method for determining weather-related path loss information in weather information received by core network devices is proposed, enabling core network devices to obtain weather-related path loss information.

[0019] In one possible design, the transmitter is a terminal device and the receiver is an access network device; alternatively, the transmitter is an access network device and the receiver is a terminal device. Based on this possible design, the transmitter and receiver can correspond to different devices, allowing for flexible and diverse application of this solution in different scenarios, improving its utilization.

[0020] In a third aspect, the present application provides a communication device, which may be a receiving end or a chip or system on chip in the receiving end, or a functional module in the receiving end for implementing the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect. The communication device can implement the functions performed by the receiving end in the above aspects or possible designs, and the functions can be implemented by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions. For example, the communication device may include a transceiver unit and a processing unit. Among them,

[0021] a transceiver unit, configured to receive a reference signal transmitted via a wireless channel;

[0022] A processing unit, configured to measure a reference signal to obtain meteorological information; the meteorological information is used to characterize meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or a channel state of the wireless channel under the meteorological conditions to be measured;

[0023] The transceiver unit is also used to report meteorological information to the core network equipment.

[0024] Specifically, the relevant description of meteorological information can refer to the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect. At the same time, the execution actions of each unit of the communication device can refer to the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0025] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a communication device, which may be a receiving end or a chip or system-on-chip in the receiving end. The communication device may implement the functions performed by the receiving end in the above-mentioned aspects or possible designs, and the functions may be implemented by hardware. In one possible design, the communication device includes a processor and a communication interface. The processor and the communication interface are used to support the communication device in executing the meteorological measurement method in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect. In another possible design, the communication device may further include a memory, the memory being used to store computer-executable instructions and data necessary for the communication device. When the communication device is running, the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the meteorological measurement method as described in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.

[0026] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a communication device, which may be a core network device or a chip or system on chip in a core network device, or a functional module in a core network device for implementing the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect. The communication device can implement the functions performed by the core network device in the above aspects or possible designs, and the functions can be implemented by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions. For example, the communication device may include a transceiver unit and a processing unit. Among them,

[0027] A transceiver unit is configured to receive meteorological information reported by a receiving end, where the meteorological information is used to characterize meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the meteorological conditions to be measured;

[0028] The processing unit is used to determine characteristic parameters of the weather based on the weather information.

[0029] Specifically, the relevant description of meteorological information can refer to the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect. At the same time, the execution actions of each unit of the communication device can refer to the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0030] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a communication device, which may be a core network device or a chip or system on chip in a core network device. The communication device may implement the functions performed by the core network device in the above aspects or possible designs, and the functions may be implemented by hardware. In one possible design, the communication device includes a processor and a communication interface. The processor and the communication interface are used to support the communication device in executing the meteorological measurement method in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect. In another possible design, the communication device may further include a memory, the memory being used to store computer-executable instructions and data necessary for the communication device. When the communication device is running, the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the meteorological measurement method in the above second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0031] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which includes the communication device provided in the third aspect or the fourth aspect, or the communication system includes the communication device provided in the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect.

[0032] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the meteorological measurement method in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect; or, the computer executes the meteorological measurement method in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0033] In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product comprising computer instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the meteorological measurement method in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect; or, cause the computer to execute the meteorological measurement method in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0034] Among them, the technical effects brought about by any one of the design methods in the third and fourth aspects can refer to the technical effects brought about by the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, and no further details are given. The technical effects brought about by any one of the design methods in the fifth and sixth aspects can refer to the technical effects brought about by the above-mentioned second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect, and no further details are given. The technical effects brought about by any one of the design methods in the seventh to ninth aspects can refer to the technical effects brought about by the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect, or the technical effects brought about by any one of the design methods in the seventh to ninth aspects can refer to the technical effects brought about by the above-mentioned second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect, and no further details are given. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] FIG1a is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG1b is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG2 is a schematic flow chart of a meteorological measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a meteorological measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Before introducing the embodiments of the present application, some technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained. It should be noted that the following explanations are intended to make the embodiments of the present application easier to understand and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the embodiments of the present application.

[0043] Meteorological detection and forecasting refers to the acquisition of rainfall information primarily through weather detection equipment such as weather radar, rain gauges, or meteorological satellites. The subsequent determination of surface rainfall and reconstruction of the rainfall field based on this information is used to provide a forecast of the weather for a specific timeframe, allowing users to refer to the forecast for their activities. Surface rainfall refers to the depth of water falling on the ground at a specific point or unit area within a specific timeframe. A rainfall field refers to the division of a detection area into multiple, non-overlapping unit areas, each of which corresponds to a specific surface rainfall amount. This surface rainfall amount indicates the depth of water within that unit area within a specific timeframe.

[0044] Weather radar is a radar specifically used for atmospheric detection. By detecting weather radar echoes, it can achieve continuous detection of rainfall over a large area and provide spatially continuous dynamic precipitation detection information. However, weather radar only detects precipitation in high-altitude areas. The determination of surface rainfall using weather radar is easily affected by factors such as vertical changes in precipitation and spatiotemporal changes in raindrop spectra, resulting in inaccurate surface rainfall.

[0045] A rain gauge is an instrument used to measure precipitation over a specific area over a period of time. It is suitable for determining surface precipitation over a small area. However, the spatial representation of surface precipitation determined by a rain gauge is poor. Furthermore, the precipitation measurement process is easily affected by external factors (such as wind and obstructions), resulting in unstable and inaccurate surface precipitation. Furthermore, using rain gauges to determine surface precipitation in remote areas and / or areas with complex terrain carries the problem of high maintenance costs.

[0046] Meteorological satellites are artificial Earth satellites used for weather observation and support global rainfall measurement. However, the long communication distances between meteorological satellites and ground-based equipment result in significant latency in meteorological services. Low-orbiting meteorological satellites pass over the same area twice daily at fixed times, making it impossible to guarantee continuous observation of a region. Consequently, surface precipitation determined by geostationary meteorological satellites is inadequate for constructing real-time rainfall data.

[0047] As can be seen from the above, meteorological detection and forecasting through weather detection equipment such as weather radar, rain gauges or meteorological satellites, and the provision of meteorological services such as natural disaster warnings, rainfall forecasts, and rainfall assessments, have shortcomings in the following aspects:

[0048] (1) There is an imbalance in the distribution of meteorological services provided by meteorological detection equipment. For example, in densely populated and economically prosperous areas, more meteorological detection equipment will be deployed to provide immediate and high-quality meteorological services to end users and / or equipment. In sparsely populated and economically backward areas, fewer meteorological detection equipment will be deployed due to the cost of deploying and maintaining meteorological detection equipment, resulting in insufficient meteorological services for end users and / or equipment.

[0049] (2) Meteorological detection equipment has difficulty completing meteorological observations in complex terrain areas, making it impossible to estimate the extent to which complex terrain areas affect surrounding meteorological services. For example, the Hengduan Mountain Area A will affect the meteorological services of neighboring counties and / or cities within the Hengduan Mountain Area A, causing unstable meteorological services.

[0050] (3) The meteorological services provided by meteorological detection equipment have a long update delay problem. For example, when the meteorological services provided by the weather radar need to be updated, the update delay of the weather radar includes: the time required for the radar detection signal to cover the detection area and the time required for data transmission. The update delay is on the order of ten minutes.

[0051] To address the problems of uneven supply distribution, long update delays, and inability to accurately determine surface precipitation in meteorological services provided by meteorological detection equipment such as weather radars, rain gauges, and meteorological satellites, the present application provides a meteorological measurement method. The method comprises: a receiving end receiving a reference signal transmitted via a wireless channel, then measuring the reference signal to obtain meteorological information, and further reporting the meteorological information to a core network device. The core network device receives the meteorological information reported by the receiving end and, based on the meteorological information, determines characteristic parameters of the meteorological information. The meteorological information characterizes the meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the weather conditions to be measured. In this way, meteorological measurement and determination of characteristic parameters based on a cellular network can fully leverage the advantages of cellular networks, such as their widespread distribution, low cost, and low transmission delay, to accurately determine surface precipitation and provide widely distributed meteorological services with short update delays. It should be understood that the term "precipitation" can be interchangeably referred to as "rainfall."

[0052] The meteorological measurement method provided in the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be used in cellular networks. A cellular network, also known as a mobile network, mobile communication system, or wireless communication system (or simply a communication system), is a mobile communication hardware architecture. The service area of ​​a mobile terminal device in a cellular network is divided into regular hexagonal sub-service areas, each of which is equipped with a base station, forming a structure shaped like a "honeycomb." This is why this type of mobile communication is called a cellular mobile communication system. A cellular network primarily consists of three parts: a mobile station, a base station subsystem (BSS), and a network subsystem. A mobile station, also known as a mobile terminal device, refers to a mobile device with wireless communication capabilities, such as a mobile phone or tablet. The base station subsystem, also known as a base station device, is responsible for transmitting and receiving wireless signals and managing wireless resources, such as mobile base stations and wireless transceiver equipment. The network subsystem is responsible for all end-user-related functions, such as call connection processing, mobility management, user equipment, and confidentiality, such as switches. Cellular networks have the advantages of wide distribution, low cost, and low transmission latency.

[0054] Taking the cellular network replacement description as an example of a communication system, the communication system can be a third generation partnership project (3GPP) communication system, for example, a long term evolution (LTE) system, or a fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system, a new radio (NR) system, a beyond 5G (B5G) mobile communication system, a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, a new radio vehicle to everything (NR V2X) system, and can also be applied to a system in which LTE and 5G are hybrid networks, or a device-to-device (D2D) communication system, a machine-to-machine (M2M) communication system, an Internet of Things (IoT), and other next-generation communication systems, or a non-3GPP communication system, without limitation. The meteorological measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present application is described below using the communication system shown in Figure 1a as an example.

[0055] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication scenarios, for example, one or more of the following communication scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), machine type communication (MTC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), D2D, V2X, and IoT communication scenarios.

[0056] Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1a, the communication system 10 includes a terminal, an access network device, and a core network device. It is understood that the devices in the communication system 10 can communicate directly with each other or through forwarding by other devices, and this embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.

[0057] It should be understood that FIG1a is merely a schematic diagram and does not limit the applicable scenarios of the technical solutions provided in this application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in a specific implementation, communication system 10 may include fewer devices than shown in FIG1a , or may include other devices. The number of devices in communication system 10 may also be determined based on specific needs and is not limited. The following describes the devices in the system shown in FIG1a .

[0058] The terminal may be a terminal device (terminal equipment) or a user equipment (UE) or a mobile station (MS) or a mobile terminal (MT), etc., including a handheld device, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device or a computing device with a wireless communication function. Specifically, the terminal may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer or a computer with a wireless transceiver function, or a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in unmanned driving, a wireless terminal in telemedicine, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a smart home, a vehicle-mounted terminal, etc. In an embodiment of the present application, the device for realizing the function of the terminal may be a terminal, or a device that can support the terminal to realize the function, such as a chip system (such as a processing system composed of a chip or multiple chips) or a modem. The following describes the meteorological measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present application, taking the device for realizing the function of the terminal as an example,

[0059] The access network device is mainly used to implement terminal resource scheduling, wireless resource management, wireless access control and other functions. It is a device in the radio access network (RAN) that connects the terminal to the wireless network. The RAN can be connected to the core network (for example, it can be the core network of LTE, or it can be the core network of 5G, etc.). The access network device can be an evolutionary base station (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, or a base station in a 5G network or a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), a broadband network service gateway (BNG), an aggregation switch or a non-3GPP access device; or the access network device in the embodiment of the present application can also be a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN); or a transmission and reception point (TRP), or a device including a TRP, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this. Optionally, the access network device in the embodiment of the present application can include various forms of base stations, such as: macro base stations, micro base stations (also called small stations), relay stations, access points, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this. In the embodiments of the present application, the apparatus for implementing the functions of the access network device may be the access network device, or may be an apparatus capable of supporting the access network device in implementing the functions, such as a chip system (e.g., a processing system consisting of a single chip or multiple chips) or a modem. The meteorological measurement method provided in the embodiments of the present application is described below using the access network device as an example of the apparatus for implementing the functions of the access network device being the access network device.

[0060] Core network equipment is divided into control plane function (CP) equipment and user plane function (UP) equipment. User plane devices are mainly responsible for packet forwarding, quality of service (QoS) control, and billing information statistics, including user plane function (UPF). Control plane devices are mainly responsible for business process interaction, issuing packet forwarding policies and QoS control policies to the user plane, including location management function (LMF), network data analytics function (NWDAF), access and mobility management function (AMF), session management function (SMF), policy control function (PCF), application function (AF), network exposure function (NEF), authentication server function (AUSF), network slice selection function (NSSF), network exposure function repository function (NRF), and unified data management (UDM).

[0061] For example, when the reference signal in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is a positioning reference signal, a possible communication system architecture is shown in Figure 1b. The system architecture includes a UE, a next generation evolved base station (next generation eNodeB, ng-eNB), a next generation Node B (next generation Node B, gNB), an AMF, and a LMF.

[0062] Among them, UE is a device with the same functions as the terminal in Figure 1a. For detailed description, please refer to the description of the terminal in Figure 1a, which will not be repeated here.

[0063] Both the ng-eNB and gNB are RAN devices. Specifically, the ng-eNB is a base station that supports eLTE and interfaces with the 5G core network, while the gNB is a base station that supports NR. The ng-eNB and gNB communicate over the Xn interface. It should be understood that the ng-eNB and gNB have the same functionality as the access network device in Figure 1a. For a detailed functional description, please refer to the description of the access network device in Figure 1a and will not be repeated here.

[0064] Among them, AMF is a core network equipment network element, which is mainly responsible for registration management, connection management, access management, mobility management, and various functions related to security and access management and authorization, so that UE can transmit data with LMF.

[0065] The LMF is a core network element responsible for estimating the UE's location. Optionally, the LMF can be replaced with other functional elements used to estimate UE location, such as the Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) or the Secure User Plane Location-Location Platform (SLP).

[0066] Among them, NR-Uu is the wireless link between UE and gNB, and UE and gNB communicate through NR-Uu.

[0067] Among them, LTE-Uu is the wireless link between UE and ng-eNB, and UE and ng-eNB communicate through LTE-Uu.

[0068] Among them, NG-C is the wireless link between gNB and AMF, and between ng-eNB and AMF. gNB and AMF communicate through NG-C, and ng-eNB and AMF communicate through NG-C.

[0069] Among them, NLs is the wireless link between AMF and LMF, and AMF and LMF communicate through NLs.

[0070] Optionally, each device in Figure 1a (such as a terminal, an access network device, and a core network device) can also be referred to as a communication device, which can be a general device or a dedicated device. The embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations on this.

[0071] Optionally, the related functions of each device in FIG1a of the present application can be implemented by a single device, or by multiple devices, or by one or more functional modules within a single device, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this. It is understood that the above functions can be network elements in hardware devices, software functions running on dedicated hardware, or a combination of hardware and software, or virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform).

[0072] The following describes the meteorological measurement method provided by an embodiment of the present application in conjunction with the communication system shown in Figure 1a. The actions and terms involved in the following embodiments may be cross-referenced. The names of messages exchanged between devices or parameter names in messages in each embodiment are merely examples; other names may be used in specific implementations. For example, the term "corresponding" in the following embodiments may be replaced with "associated."

[0073] FIG2 is a flow chart of a meteorological measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG2 , the method may include:

[0074] S201: The receiving end receives a reference signal.

[0075] The term "receiving end" refers to a device for receiving a reference signal sent by a transmitting end, and may be a terminal or access network device. The term "transmitting end" refers to a device for transmitting a reference signal, and may be a terminal or access network device. There is at least one possible combination of a receiving end and a transmitting end. The specific combination is determined based on the actual application scenario and is not limited in this application. For example, the receiving end may be an access network device and the transmitting end may be a terminal; or alternatively, the receiving end may be a terminal and the transmitting end may be an access network device.

[0076] Among them, the reference signal refers to a reference signal transmitted through the wireless channel between the transmitter and the receiver. The reference signal may include but is not limited to the reference signal specified in the communication standard. For example, the reference signal may be a channel state information-reference signal used to measure the channel characteristics of the wireless channel between the transmitter and the receiver. The wireless channel can be replaced by a wireless link or link or a cellular network transmission link, etc. The channel characteristics may include but are not limited to the channel path loss or link attenuation, etc. In this application, the reference signal is given a new purpose, and the reference signal is also used to measure and obtain meteorological information. In addition, this application does not limit the naming of the reference signal. The reference signal can also be called a reference signal or other names without limitation.

[0077] In one possible scenario, the reference signal may be a positioning reference signal in an uplink transmission scenario and / or a downlink transmission scenario. For example, in an uplink transmission scenario, the reference signal may be a sounding reference signal (SRS) sent by a base station to a terminal, and in a downlink transmission scenario, the reference signal may be a positioning reference signal (PRS) sent by a terminal to a base station.

[0078] S202: The receiving end measures the reference signal to obtain meteorological information.

[0079] Among them, meteorological information is used to characterize the meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during the transmission process, and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the meteorological conditions to be measured. The meteorological information may include at least one of the following: distance decoupling path loss information, path loss information caused by weather, link length, polarization information, direction information, or frequency information.

[0080] In this application, meteorological information is used to characterize the meteorological characteristics of a wireless channel during transmission. This means that the information in the wireless channel may change during transmission due to the influence of the measured weather. Accordingly, the characteristics of the weather can be characterized by the information about the changes in the wireless channel caused by the measured weather during transmission. Therefore, this information about the changes in the wireless channel caused by the measured weather can be referred to as meteorological characteristics.

[0081] The meteorological conditions to be measured in this application include but are not limited to precipitation, snowfall, etc.

[0082] Distance-decoupled path loss information indicates the attenuation rate caused by weather. The attenuation rate is the ratio of weather-related path loss information to the link length. Weather-related path loss information indicates the link attenuation caused by weather. Link attenuation refers to the power loss of the reference signal from the transmitter to the receiver. Link length indicates the distance between the transmitter and receiver. Polarization information indicates the vibration direction of the radio wave. Direction information indicates the propagation path direction. Frequency information indicates the operating frequency of the reference signal or the transmitter.

[0083] Optionally, the receiving end measuring the reference signal to obtain the weather information may include: the receiving end measuring the reference signal to obtain the received power of the reference signal, and then obtaining the weather information according to the received power of the reference signal and the transmitted power of the reference signal.

[0084] In this application, the path loss information caused by weather can be determined by the receiving end based on at least one of the following: link attenuation, free space path loss, transmission path loss caused by water film, and noise. For example, the path loss information caused by weather is equal to the link attenuation minus the free space path loss, the transmission path loss caused by water film, and the noise. Free space path loss refers to the energy loss caused by the reference signal propagating in free space, the transmission path loss caused by water film refers to the energy loss caused by the water film wrapping around the antenna to the reference signal, and the noise refers to the energy loss caused by wireless channel noise to the reference signal.

[0085] In this application, the link attenuation value refers to the difference between the power when the receiving end receives the reference signal and the power when the transmitting end sends the reference signal. The power when the receiving end receives the reference signal can be referred to as the received power, and the power when the transmitting end sends the reference signal can be referred to as the transmitted power. In one possible manner, the transmitting end sends the transmit power to the receiving end through signaling, such as radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and then the receiving end subtracts the received power from the transmit power to determine the link attenuation value. In another possible manner, the power when the transmitting end sends the reference signal is a default value, and the default value is stored in the receiving end. Therefore, the receiving end subtracts the received power from the default value to determine the link attenuation value. For example, assuming that the transmitting end is a base station and the receiving end is a terminal, the base station sends the reference signal transmit power of 30 decibel milliwatts (dBm) to the terminal through downlink control information (DCI). Subsequently, the terminal determines that the power when receiving the reference signal is 20 dBm. Further, the terminal determines that the link attenuation value is 10 dBm.

[0086] In this application, the link length can be obtained by measuring the reference signal at the receiving end, or can be further calculated by the core network device based on the position information of the receiving end and the transmitting end provided by the functional network element (such as LMF).

[0087] In this application, polarization information is used to indicate the horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, or other polarization direction of the reference signal. It should be understood that if the horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, or other polarization direction of the reference signal is agreed upon between the receiving end and the transmitting end, polarization information measurement is not required. If the receiving end is unsure of the horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, or other polarization direction of the reference signal sent by the transmitting end, the receiving end needs to measure the polarization information.

[0088] In this application, the direction information can be obtained by measuring the arrival angle of the reference signal by the receiving end, or can be further calculated by the core network device based on the position information of the receiving end and the transmitting end provided by the functional network element (such as LMF).

[0089] In this application, the frequency information does not need to be measured by the receiving end, and the frequency of the reference signal sent by the sending end or the operating frequency of the sending end can be understood as the default value agreed upon by the receiving end and the sending end.

[0090] S203: The receiving end reports the weather information to the core network device. Correspondingly, the core network device receives the weather information.

[0091] Optionally, the receiving end reports weather information to the core network device in any of the following possible design methods:

[0092] One possible design method is that the receiving end obtains a perception request message sent by the core network device to request the receiving end to measure and report meteorological information. In response to the perception request message, the receiving end executes S201 and S203 to report the meteorological information to the core network device.

[0093] Another possible design approach is for the receiving end to proactively report weather information to the core network device. For example, the receiving end can report weather information to the core network device at a fixed time, a preset time, or a preset period. For example, in a 12-hour day, the receiving end can report weather information to the core network device at 3:00, 6:00, 9:00, and 12:00.

[0094] S204: The core network device determines characteristic meteorological parameters based on the meteorological information.

[0095] The characteristic parameter of the meteorological information corresponds to a parameter that characterizes the meteorological information to be measured. For example, when the meteorological information to be measured is precipitation, the characteristic parameter of the meteorological information may be the precipitation rate. For a description of the meteorological information, see S202.

[0096] Specifically, the core network device determines the characteristic meteorological parameters based on the meteorological information, including: the core network device inputs the specific meteorological information into a method for determining the characteristic meteorological parameters based on the specific meteorological information to obtain the characteristic meteorological parameters. The method for determining the characteristic meteorological parameters based on the specific meteorological information is an existing method.

[0097] For example, assuming the meteorological condition to be measured is precipitation, the meteorological information is precipitation information, including distance-decoupled path loss information, and the characteristic meteorological parameter is the precipitation rate, the core network device applies the distance-decoupled path loss information to an empirical method to obtain the precipitation rate. The empirical method is an existing method for determining the precipitation rate based on the distance-decoupled path loss information and precipitation parameters corresponding to the precipitation type.

[0098] Furthermore, the core network equipment may provide meteorological services corresponding to the meteorological characteristic parameters based on the meteorological characteristic parameters.

[0099] For example, when the meteorological data to be measured is precipitation, the meteorological information may be precipitation information, the characteristic meteorological parameter may be a precipitation rate, and the meteorological service corresponding to the precipitation rate may include determining surface precipitation, reconstructing a precipitation field, and constructing a high-precision rain field inversion. Specifically, the core network device may determine the precipitation rate based on the precipitation information in a manner similar to step S305 shown in FIG. 3 .

[0100] Based on the method illustrated in Figure 2, the receiving end receives a reference signal, then measures the reference signal to obtain meteorological information characterizing the meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or meteorological information describing the channel state of the wireless channel under the weather conditions to be measured. The meteorological information is then reported to the core network equipment. In response, the core network equipment receives the meteorological information, determines characteristic meteorological parameters based on the information, and provides meteorological services corresponding to these characteristic meteorological parameters. In this way, through cellular mobile communication between the transmitting end, the receiving end, and the core network equipment, a meteorological service with balanced supply distribution, minimal update latency, and accurate determination of characteristic meteorological parameters is achieved.

[0101] The type of weather to be measured may include, but is not limited to, precipitation and snowfall. When the type of weather to be measured is precipitation, the weather information may be replaced with precipitation information. The following describes the weather measurement method shown in Figure 2 in conjunction with Figure 3, assuming that the weather information is replaced with precipitation information, the receiving end is a base station, the transmitting end is a terminal, and after receiving a perception request message, the receiving end reports precipitation information to the core network device, where the characteristic parameter of precipitation corresponds to the precipitation rate.

[0102] FIG3 is a flow chart of a meteorological measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG3 , the method may include:

[0103] S301: The core network device sends a perception request message to the base station. Correspondingly, the base station receives the perception request message.

[0104] The perception request message is used to request the base station to measure and report precipitation information, including at least one of the following: measurement type, measurement amount, measurement period, or measurement duration.

[0105] Specifically, the measurement type is used to indicate that the type of meteorological information to be measured is precipitation.

[0106] The measurement quantity is used to indicate the information that needs to be measured corresponding to precipitation, such as at least one of the following information: distance decoupling path loss information, path loss information caused by precipitation, link length, polarization information, direction information, etc.

[0107] The measurement period is used to indicate the interval between two measurements, for example, 10 minutes.

[0108] Measurement duration, used to indicate the total duration of the measurement, for example, 60 minutes.

[0109] S302: The terminal sends a reference signal. Correspondingly, the base station responds to the sensing request message and receives the reference signal.

[0110] The reference signal refers to a reference signal transmitted through a wireless channel between a terminal and a base station, including but not limited to electromagnetic waves.

[0111] Specifically, the terminal sends a reference signal to the base station, and correspondingly, the base station receives the reference signal sent by the terminal.

[0112] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the number of terminals that send reference signals to the base station.

[0113] In one possible scenario, a single terminal sends a reference signal to a base station. Accordingly, the base station receives the reference signal sent by the terminal, and the precipitation information subsequently determined by the base station corresponds to the precipitation information of the communication link environment between the terminal and the base station.

[0114] For example, terminal 1 sends an electromagnetic wave as a reference signal to the base station. Correspondingly, the base station receives the electromagnetic wave sent by the terminal, and the subsequent path loss information caused by precipitation determined by the base station corresponds to the path loss information caused by precipitation on the communication link between the terminal and the base station.

[0115] In another possible scenario, at least one terminal sends a reference signal to the base station. Accordingly, the base station receives the reference signal sent by the at least one terminal, and subsequently the base station determines precipitation information in different communication link environments between different terminals and the base station.

[0116] For example, terminal 1 sends electromagnetic wave 1 as a reference signal to the base station, and terminal 2 sends electromagnetic wave 2 as a reference signal to the base station. The base station receives electromagnetic wave 1 and electromagnetic wave 2. The precipitation-induced path damage information subsequently determined by the base station includes precipitation-induced path damage information 1 and precipitation-induced path damage information 2. Precipitation-induced path damage information 1 refers to the path damage caused by precipitation on the communication link between terminal 1 and the base station, while precipitation-induced path damage information 2 refers to the path damage caused by precipitation on the communication link between terminal 2 and the base station.

[0117] S303: The base station determines precipitation information based on the reference signal.

[0118] The precipitation information is used to characterize the precipitation characteristics of the wireless channel between the terminal and the base station during transmission, and / or the channel state of the wireless channel between the terminal and the base station under precipitation, and includes at least one of the following: distance decoupling path loss information, path loss information caused by precipitation, link length, polarization information, direction information, or frequency information. The detailed explanation of each information is as follows:

[0119] (1) Distance decoupling path loss information

[0120] Distance decoupling path loss information is used to indicate the attenuation rate caused by precipitation. The attenuation rate refers to the ratio of the path loss information caused by precipitation to the link length.

[0121] Specifically, the method for determining the distance decoupling path loss information includes: dividing the path loss information caused by precipitation by the link length. Therefore, the model of the distance decoupling path loss information can be expressed as: γ rain =A r (t) / L (1)

[0122] In formula (1), γ rain Indicates distance decoupling path loss information; A r (t) represents the path loss information caused by precipitation; L represents the link length.

[0123] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the manner of determining the distance decoupling path loss information. For example, the distance decoupling path loss information may be determined by a base station, or the distance decoupling path loss information may be determined by a core network device.

[0124] In one possible manner, the base station determines the distance decoupling path loss information, including: the base station first determines the path loss information caused by precipitation and the link length, and then determines the distance decoupling path loss information.

[0125] For example, terminal 1 sends an electromagnetic wave as a reference signal to the base station. Accordingly, the base station receives the electromagnetic wave and determines that the path loss information caused by precipitation is 10dBm and the link length is 10m. Therefore, the base station can determine that the distance decoupling path loss information is 1dBm / m.

[0126] Another possible manner is that the core network device determines the distance decoupling path loss information, including: after the core network device obtains the path loss information caused by precipitation and the link length, it determines the distance decoupling path loss information.

[0127] For example, the precipitation information reported by the base station to the core network device includes that the path loss information caused by precipitation is 10dBm and the link length is 20m. The core network device receives the precipitation information and determines that the distance decoupling path loss information is 0.5dBm / m.

[0128] (2) Road damage information caused by precipitation

[0129] The path loss information caused by precipitation is used to indicate the link attenuation caused by precipitation. Link attenuation refers to the attenuation value of the reference signal power from the terminal to the base station.

[0130] Specifically, the path loss information caused by precipitation is determined by the base station based on at least one of the following: link attenuation, free space path loss, transmission path loss caused by water film, and noise. The determination method includes: subtracting free space path loss from link attenuation, subtracting transmission path loss caused by water film, and subtracting noise. Therefore, the model of the path loss information caused by precipitation can be expressed as: A r (t) = A(t) - A WA (t)-A BL -N(t) (2)

[0131] In formula (2), A r (t) represents the path loss information caused by precipitation; A(t) represents the link attenuation, which refers to the attenuation value of the reference signal power from the terminal to the base station; A WA (t) represents the free space path loss; A BL represents the transmission path loss caused by water film; N(t) represents noise.

[0132] In formula (2), A WA (t), A BL , N(t) can be calculated using an existing model, and A(t) can be calculated by the base station based on the transmit power of the reference signal and the receive power of the reference signal.

[0133] It should be understood that this application does not limit the method for determining link attenuation. For example, the terminal may first send the reference signal transmit power to the base station via signaling, and the base station may then determine A(t); or the terminal may send the reference signal transmit power to the base station at a default value, which is stored in the base station, and the base station may then determine A(t).

[0134] For example, the terminal sends the power when sending the reference signal (which can be simply referred to as the sending power) to the base station through RRC signaling. Subsequently, the base station measures the power when receiving the reference signal (which can be simply referred to as the receiving power). Further, the base station subtracts the receiving power from the sending power to obtain A(t).

[0135] For example, the power when the terminal sends the reference signal (which can be simply referred to as the sending power) is a default value, and the default value has been stored in the base station. Subsequently, the base station measures the power when receiving the reference signal (which can be simply referred to as the receiving power). Further, the base station subtracts the receiving power from the default value to obtain A(t).

[0136] (3) Link length

[0137] Link length is used to indicate the path length between the terminal and the base station.

[0138] It should be understood that the transmission scenarios for determining link length in this application can be applied to both uplink and downlink transmission scenarios. In the uplink transmission scenario, the base station measures the SRS sent by the terminal to further determine the link length between the base station and the terminal. In the downlink transmission scenario, the terminal measures the PRS sent by the base station to further determine the link length between the terminal and the base station.

[0139] It should be understood that when the SRS or PRS is used as a reference signal, the SRS or PRS is not only used to determine the link length, but also can be used to determine the link attenuation.

[0140] For example, in an uplink transmission scenario, the reference signal sent by the terminal to the base station is SRS, and the corresponding base station receives and measures the SRS. A possible measurement method is to obtain a correlation spectrum by performing SRS sequence correlation and then search for a peak value. The time sampling point corresponding to the peak value is the propagation time of the electromagnetic wave on the link, and then the link length is determined based on the measured propagation time. At the same time, the base station can determine the link attenuation through the received power of the SRS.

[0141] For example, in a downlink transmission scenario, the reference signal sent by the base station to the terminal is PRS, and the corresponding terminal receives and measures PRS. One possible measurement method is to obtain a correlation spectrum by performing PRS sequence correlation and then search for a peak. The time sampling point corresponding to the peak is the propagation time of the electromagnetic wave on the link, and then the link length is determined based on the measured propagation time. At the same time, the terminal can determine the link attenuation through the received power of PRS.

[0142] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the method for determining the link length. For example, when the receiving end is a base station and the transmitting end is a terminal, the link length can be determined by the base station, or the link length can be determined by the core network device.

[0143] For example, when the receiving end is a base station, the transmitting end is a terminal, and the link length is determined by the base station, the base station sends an SRS through the terminal for measurement to further determine the link length between the base station and the terminal.

[0144] For example, when the receiving end is a base station, the sending end is a terminal, and the link length is determined by the core network device, the core network device obtains the location information of the terminal from the location management function (LMF) network element, and further determines the link length between the base station and the terminal based on the location information of the base station.

[0145] (4) Polarization information

[0146] Polarization information, which indicates whether the reference signal is horizontally polarized, vertically polarized, or in some other direction, can be used to estimate the shape of precipitation particles and determine precipitation rate. Horizontal polarization means the radio wave vibrates parallel to the ground. Vertical polarization means the radio wave vibrates perpendicular to the ground.

[0147] The horizontal polarization of the reference signal refers to the horizontal polarization used when the terminal antenna transmits the reference signal, or the horizontal polarization used when the base station receives the reference signal, or both the terminal antenna and the base station use the horizontal polarization direction when transmitting the reference signal. The vertical polarization of the reference signal refers to the vertical polarization used when the terminal antenna transmits the reference signal, or the vertical polarization used when the base station receives the reference signal, or both the terminal antenna and the base station use the vertical polarization direction when transmitting the reference signal. Other polarization directions of the reference signal can be specific direction values, such as angle values ​​offset based on a certain reference direction, and refer to polarization directions other than horizontal and vertical used when the terminal antenna transmits the reference signal, or polarization directions other than horizontal and vertical used when the base station receives the reference signal.

[0148] Polarization information is used to estimate the shape of precipitation particles. As falling water droplets deform due to increased descent velocity and air resistance, their originally approximately circular shape gradually flattens as they approach the ground surface. Larger droplets experience greater deformation. Therefore, the reference signal changes when propagating with horizontal and vertical polarizations. The shape of precipitation particles can usually be estimated by detecting this difference. For example, the shape of the precipitation particles can be estimated by performing a ratio calculation on the horizontal polarization of the reference signal with the vertical polarization of the reference signal. Alternatively, the shape of the precipitation particles can be estimated by performing a ratio calculation on the horizontal polarization of the reference signal with polarizations in other directions of the reference signal. It should be understood that, in this application, the shape of the precipitation particles can be further estimated by performing a ratio calculation on the polarizations of the reference signal in different directions, without limiting the polarization direction of the reference signal.

[0149] In one possible scenario, the core network device needs to obtain the horizontal polarization of the reference signal and the vertical polarization of the reference signal, and further determine the precipitation rate based on the obtained horizontal polarization of the reference signal and the vertical polarization of the reference signal. For detailed information, see S305 and will not be repeated here.

[0150] (5) Direction information

[0151] Direction information is used to indicate the direction of the propagation path. It can be the angle with respect to a reference direction. The method for determining direction information in this application is similar to the method for determining link length in this application.

[0152] In one possible manner, the direction information is determined by the base station. For example, the base station obtains an angle of arrival (AOA) or an angle of departure (AOD) by measuring a reference signal to determine the relative direction or angle between the terminal and the base station.

[0153] In another possible manner, the direction information is determined by the terminal. For example, the terminal obtains AOA or AOD by measuring a reference signal to determine the relative direction or angle between the terminal and the base station.

[0154] Another possible way is that the direction information is determined by the core network equipment. For example, the core network equipment obtains the terminal's orientation information through a functional network element (such as LMF) that obtains the terminal's location information, and further determines the relative orientation or angle between the terminal and the base station based on the base station's location information.

[0155] (6) Frequency information

[0156] Frequency information is used to indicate the reference signal or the operating frequency of the terminal.

[0157] It should be understood that the frequency information in this application does not need to be measured by the base station. It can be simply understood that the reference signal or the operating frequency of the terminal is a default value agreed upon by the terminal and the base station.

[0158] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the manner in which frequency information is reported to the core network device. For example, the frequency information may be an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN), or a center frequency point, or a frequency band range, or an indication of a low frequency or a high frequency. Each number in the ARFCN corresponds to an absolute frequency domain position, the center frequency point refers to the middle frequency of the frequency band range, the frequency band range refers to the operating frequency range of the reference signal, the low frequency refers to the frequency below 6 GHz, such as represented by the frequency band range FR1 (frequency range 1) defined in 5G NR, and the high frequency refers to the frequency above 6 GHz, such as represented by the frequency band range FR2 (frequency range 2) defined in 5G NR.

[0159] For example, in one possible scenario, the base station reports specific frequency information to the core network device, for example, the frequency information reported by the base station to the core network device is that the center frequency is 5 GHz. In another possible scenario, the base station reports the number corresponding to the ARFCN to the core network device, and the core network device can further determine the specific frequency information based on the number corresponding to the ARFCN.

[0160] S304: The base station reports the precipitation information to the core network device. In response, the core network device receives the precipitation information.

[0161] The precipitation information is used to characterize the channel state of the wireless channel between the terminal and the base station under precipitation. The detailed description of the precipitation information is shown in S303 and will not be repeated here.

[0162] S305: The core network device determines the precipitation rate based on the precipitation information.

[0163] Specifically, the core network device determines the precipitation rate based on the precipitation information, including: the core network device determines distance decoupling path loss information based on the precipitation information, and then determines the precipitation rate based on the distance decoupling path loss information.

[0164] It should be understood that this application does not limit the manner in which the core network device determines the distance decoupling path loss information. For example, the core network device may determine the distance decoupling path loss information directly or indirectly.

[0165] One possible approach is for the core network equipment to directly determine the distance-decoupled path loss information based on precipitation information. For example, the precipitation information reported by the base station to the core network equipment includes distance-decoupled path loss information. Therefore, the core network equipment can directly determine the distance-decoupled path loss information.

[0166] Another possible approach is for the core network device to indirectly determine the distance-decoupled path loss information using precipitation information. For example, the precipitation information reported by the base station to the core network device includes the path loss information caused by precipitation, and the core network device obtains the link length from the LMF network element. Subsequently, the core network device can determine the distance-decoupled path loss information using formula (1).

[0167] It should be understood that this application does not limit the manner in which the core network device determines the precipitation rate based on distance decoupling path loss information. For example, the core network device may determine the precipitation rate based on empirical information, or the core network device may determine the precipitation rate based on a raindrop spectrum. The specific manner is as follows:

[0168] Method 1: The core network equipment determines the precipitation rate based on empirical information

[0169] The core network equipment determines the precipitation rate based on empirical information, including: the core network equipment determines the precipitation rate based on distance decoupling path loss information and precipitation parameters corresponding to the precipitation type, where the precipitation parameters include k and α. At this time, the model for determining the precipitation rate can be expressed as: γ rain =k×R α (3)

[0170] Among them, γ rainrepresents the distance decoupled path loss information, R represents the precipitation rate, and k and α represent precipitation parameters.

[0171] For example, the precipitation type is stratus precipitation, the precipitation parameters corresponding to stratus precipitation are k=200, α=1.6, the core network device determines the distance decoupling path loss information to be 1 dBm / m, and the precipitation rate R can be obtained from formula (3).

[0172] Specifically, different precipitation types correspond to different precipitation parameters. For example, Table 1 lists the precipitation parameters corresponding to several common precipitation types.

[0173] Table 1

[0174] Method 2: Core network equipment determines precipitation rate based on raindrop spectrum

[0175] The core network device determines the precipitation rate based on the raindrop spectrum, including: the core network device first determines the raindrop spectrum function based on raindrop diameter, frequency information, temperature, inversion function, polarization information and other information, and further determines the precipitation rate based on raindrop velocity, raindrop diameter, and raindrop spectrum function.

[0176] Specifically, the core network equipment determines the raindrop spectrum function based on information such as raindrop diameter, frequency information, temperature, inversion function, and polarization information, as follows:

[0177] There is a corresponding relationship between the raindrop spectrum function N(D) and the distance decoupling path loss information. The specific corresponding model can be expressed as:

[0178] In formula (4), C(D,f,T) represents the inversion function, D represents the raindrop diameter, N(D) represents the raindrop spectrum function, f represents the signal operating frequency, and T represents the temperature.

[0179] The determination model of the raindrop spectrum function can also be expressed as: N(D)=N D D μ exp(-ΛD) (0<D<D max ) (5)

[0180] In formula (5), D represents the raindrop diameter, and the concentration parameter N D , μ shape parameter, Λ slope are unknown parameters.

[0181] Furthermore, in determining the concentration parameter N in formula (5) D , μ shape parameter, Λ slope, the precipitation rate can be determined by the raindrop velocity, raindrop diameter, and raindrop spectrum function. In this case, the model for determining the precipitation rate can be expressed as:

[0182] In formula (6), R represents the precipitation rate, D represents the raindrop diameter, N(D) is the raindrop spectrum function, and V(D) represents the raindrop velocity.

[0183] The value of raindrop velocity V(D) is related to the raindrop diameter. The model for determining raindrop velocity based on raindrop diameter can be expressed as:

[0184] For example, when the base station measures precipitation information, it uses frequency information f1, frequency information f2, horizontal polarization information, and vertical polarization information for the same path. By combining f1, f2, horizontal polarization information, and vertical polarization information into formula (4), at least formula (8) can be obtained. Subsequently, the centralized parameter N can be determined by solving formula (8). D , μ shape parameter, Λ slope. Finally, the determined concentration parameter N D , μ shape parameter, and Λ slope are substituted into formula (6) to obtain the precipitation rate R.

[0185] In formula (8), D represents the raindrop diameter, N(D) represents the raindrop spectrum function, f1 represents one frequency information, f2 represents another frequency information, T represents the temperature, C(D,f,T) is the inversion function, γ rain，1 Indicates the distance decoupling path loss information corresponding to the measured reference signal operating frequency f1 and the absence of polarization information; γ rain , 2,h Indicates the distance decoupling path loss information corresponding to the reference signal operating frequency f2 measured by the base station and the presence of horizontal polarization information; γ rain , 3,v Indicates the distance decoupling path loss information corresponding to the reference signal operating frequency f2 measured by the base station and the presence of vertical polarization information.

[0186] Based on the method shown in Figure 3, a base station receives a sensing request message from a core network device requesting it to report precipitation information. Subsequently, based on the sensing request message, the base station receives a reference signal from a terminal. Furthermore, the base station determines precipitation information based on the reference signal. Finally, the base station reports the precipitation information to the core network device, enabling the core network device to determine the precipitation rate based on the received precipitation information, further providing meteorological services that accurately determine the precipitation rate. This method also maximizes the widespread distribution and short information transmission latency of terminals, base stations, and core network devices, enabling the provision of meteorological services with balanced supply distribution and minimal update latency.

[0187] The above mainly introduces the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application from the perspective of interaction between various devices. It is understandable that each device, such as a transmitting end (such as a terminal), a receiving end (such as an access network device), a core network device, etc., in order to realize the above functions, includes a hardware structure and / or software module corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should easily appreciate that, in combination with the algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in a hardware or computer software driven hardware manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0188] In the embodiment of the present application, the functional modules of the transmitting end, the receiving end, the core network device, etc. can be grouped according to the above-mentioned method example. For example, each functional module can be grouped according to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. It should be noted that the grouping of modules in the embodiment of the present application is schematic and is only a logical functional grouping. In actual implementation, there may be other grouping methods.

[0189] FIG4 shows a structural diagram of a communication device 40, which can be used to perform the functions of the receiving end involved in the above embodiments. As an implementation method, the communication device 40 shown in FIG4 includes: a transceiver unit 401, a processing unit 402;

[0190] The transceiver unit 401 is configured to receive a reference signal transmitted via a wireless channel and to report meteorological information to a core network device. The meteorological information is used to characterize meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the weather conditions to be measured. For example, the transceiver unit 401 may be configured to support the communication device 40 in executing S302 and S304.

[0191] The processing unit 402 is configured to measure the reference signal to obtain weather information. For example, the processing unit 402 may support the communication device 40 to execute S303.

[0192] For the description of the reference signal, the weather to be measured, and the weather information, reference may be made to that in the above method embodiment.

[0193] Specifically, all relevant content of each step involved in the method embodiment shown in FIG3 can be referenced in the functional description of the corresponding functional module and will not be repeated here. Communication device 40 is used to perform the functions of the base station in the meteorological measurement method shown in FIG3, thereby achieving the same effect as the meteorological measurement method described above.

[0194] As another possible implementation, the communication device 40 shown in FIG4 includes: a processing module and a communication module. The processing module is used to control and manage the operations of the communication device 40. For example, the processing module may integrate the functions of the processing unit 402 and may be used to support the communication device 40 in executing S303 and other processes of the technology described herein. The communication module may integrate the functions of the transceiver unit 401 and may be used to support the communication device 40 in executing S302 and S304, as well as communicating with other network entities, such as communication with the functional modules or network entities shown in FIG3. The communication device 40 may also include a storage module for storing program code and data of the communication device 40.

[0195] Figure 5 shows a structural diagram of a communication device 50, which can be used to perform the functions of the core network device involved in the above embodiment. As an implementation method, the communication device 50 shown in Figure 5 includes: a transceiver unit 501, a processing unit 502;

[0196] The transceiver unit 501 is configured to receive meteorological information reported by the receiving end, where the meteorological information is used to characterize meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the weather to be measured. For example, the transceiver unit 501 may be configured to support the communication device 50 in executing S304.

[0197] The processing unit 502 is configured to determine characteristic parameters of the weather based on the weather information. For example, the processing unit 502 may support the communication device 50 to execute S305.

[0198] The descriptions of meteorological information, meteorological conditions to be measured, and characteristic parameters of meteorological conditions may refer to those in the above method embodiments.

[0199] Specifically, all relevant content of each step involved in the method embodiment shown in FIG3 can be referenced in the functional description of the corresponding functional module and is not repeated here. Communication device 50 is used to perform the functions of the core network device in the meteorological measurement method shown in FIG3, thereby achieving the same effect as the meteorological measurement method described above.

[0200] As another possible implementation, the communication device 50 shown in FIG5 includes a processing module and a communication module. The processing module is used to control and manage the operations of the communication device 50. For example, the processing module may integrate the functions of the processing unit 502 and may be used to support the communication device 50 in executing S305 and other processes of the technology described herein. The communication module may integrate the functions of the transceiver unit 501 and may be used to support the communication device 50 in executing S304 and communicating with other network entities, such as communication with the functional modules or network entities shown in FIG3. The communication device 50 may also include a storage module for storing program code and data of the communication device 50.

[0201] As mentioned above, the processing module may be a processor or a controller. It may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. The processor may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, and so on. The communication module may be a transceiver circuit or a communication interface, and so on. The storage module may be a memory. When the processing module is a processor, the communication module is a communication interface, and the storage module is a memory, the communication device 40 and the communication device 50 involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the communication device 60 shown in Figure 6. For example, the receiving end and the core network device mentioned above may adopt the composition structure shown in Figure 6 or include the components shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a communication device 60 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 6, the communication device 60 may include a processor 601, a communication line 602 and a communication interface 603.

[0202] Furthermore, the communication device 60 may further include a memory 604 , wherein the processor 601 , the memory 604 and the communication interface 603 may be connected via a communication line 602 .

[0203] The processor 601 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device (PLD), or any combination thereof. The processor 601 may also be other communication devices with processing capabilities, such as circuits, devices, or software modules.

[0204] The communication line 602 is used to transmit information between the components included in the communication device 60.

[0205] The communication interface 603 is used to communicate with other devices or other communication networks. The other communication network can be Ethernet, a radio access network (RAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), etc. The communication interface 603 can be a radio frequency module, a transceiver, or any communication device capable of achieving communication. The embodiment of the present application is described using the communication interface 603 as an example of a radio frequency module, wherein the radio frequency module may include an antenna, a radio frequency circuit, etc., and the radio frequency circuit may include a radio frequency integrated chip, a power amplifier, etc.

[0206] The memory 604 is used to store instructions, where the instructions may be computer programs.

[0207] The memory 604 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and / or instructions, or a random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and / or instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or other optical disc storage, optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage media, or other magnetic storage devices. Optical disc storage includes compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.

[0208] It should be noted that the memory 604 can exist independently of the processor 601 or can be integrated with the processor 601. The memory 604 can be used to store instructions, program code, or some data. The memory 604 can be located within the communication device 60 or outside the communication device 60, without limitation. The processor 601 is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory 604 to implement the communication method provided in the following embodiments of this application.

[0209] In an example, the processor 601 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 6 .

[0210] As an optional implementation, the communication device 60 includes multiple processors. For example, in addition to the processor 601 in FIG. 6 , it may also include a processor 607 .

[0211] As an optional implementation, the communication device 60 further includes an output device 605 and an input device 606. The input device 606 is a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, or a joystick, and the output device 605 is a display screen, a speaker, or other devices.

[0212] It should be noted that the communication device 60 may be a desktop computer, a portable computer, a network server, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wireless terminal, an embedded device, a chip system, or a device having a structure similar to that shown in FIG6 . Furthermore, the structure shown in FIG6 does not limit the communication device. In addition to the components shown in FIG6 , the communication device may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0213] In the embodiment of the present application, the chip system can be composed of chips, or can include chips and other discrete devices.

[0214] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium. All or part of the processes in the above-mentioned method embodiments can be completed by a computer program to instruct the relevant hardware, and the program can be stored in the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-mentioned method embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium can be a terminal in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, such as: an internal storage unit including a data transmission end and / or a data receiving end, such as a hard disk or memory of the terminal. The above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium can also be an external storage device of the above-mentioned terminal, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the above-mentioned terminal, a smart memory card (smart media card, SMC), a secure digital (secure digital, SD) card, a flash card (flash card), etc. Further, the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium can also include both the internal storage unit of the above-mentioned terminal and an external storage device. The above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium is used to store the above-mentioned computer program and other programs and data required by the above-mentioned terminal. The above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.

[0215] It should be understood that the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of user personal information involved in the technical solution of this application complies with relevant laws and regulations and does not violate public order and good morals. For example, in the technical solution of this application, the processing of user personal information is carried out with the user's authorization, and the same description is not repeated here.

[0216] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units that are not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units that are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0217] It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one (item)" refers to one or more, "more than one" refers to two or more, "at least two (items)" refers to two or three and more than three, and "and / or" is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following items" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0218] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A. For example, B can be determined based on A. It should also be understood that determining B based on A does not mean determining B based solely on A; B can also be determined based on A and / or other information. In addition, the "connection" in the embodiments of the present application refers to various connection methods, such as direct connection and indirect connection, to achieve communication between devices, and the embodiments of the present application do not impose any limitations on this.

[0219] Unless otherwise specified, the "transmission" (transmit / transmission) appearing in the embodiments of the present application refers to bidirectional transmission, including the actions of sending and / or receiving. Specifically, the "transmission" in the embodiments of the present application includes the sending of data, the receiving of data, or the sending of data and the receiving of data. In other words, the data transmission here includes uplink and / or downlink data transmission. Data may include channels and / or signals, uplink data transmission is uplink channel and / or uplink signal transmission, and downlink data transmission is downlink channel and / or downlink signal transmission. The "network" and "system" appearing in the embodiments of the present application express the same concept, and the communication system is the communication network.

[0220] Through the description of the above implementation methods, technical personnel in the relevant field can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the grouping of the above-mentioned functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be grouped into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0221] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed communication devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the communication device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the grouping of the modules or units is merely a logical functional grouping. In actual implementation, there may be other grouping methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another device, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interface, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0222] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed in multiple different places. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0223] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0224] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a device, such as a single-chip microcomputer, a chip, etc., or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media for storing program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0225] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A meteorological measurement method, characterized in that: include: receiving a reference signal transmitted via a wireless channel; Measuring the reference signal to obtain meteorological information; The meteorological information is used to characterize the meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the meteorological conditions to be measured; Report the meteorological information to the core network equipment.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: receiving a sensing request message, wherein the sensing request message is used to request measurement and reporting of the meteorological information; The receiving a reference signal transmitted through a wireless channel includes: receiving the reference signal transmitted through the wireless channel according to the perception request message.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The perception request message includes at least one of the following: measurement type, measurement quantity, measurement period, or measurement duration; The measurement type is used to indicate the type of the meteorological information to be measured; The measurement quantity is used to indicate the information that needs to be measured corresponding to the meteorological information to be measured.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The meteorological information includes at least one of the following: Distance decoupling path loss information, path loss information caused by weather, link length, polarization information, direction information, or frequency information.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The road damage information caused by weather is determined by at least one of the following: The receiving end is based on link attenuation, free space path loss, transmission path loss caused by water film, and noise.

6. A meteorological measurement method, characterized in that: include: Receive weather information reported by the receiving end; The meteorological information is used to characterize the meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or the channel state of the wireless channel under the meteorological conditions to be measured; Based on the meteorological information, characteristic parameters of the meteorology are determined.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The method further comprises: A perception request message is sent, where the perception request message is used to request measurement and reporting of the meteorological information.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The perception request message includes at least one of the following: measurement type, measurement quantity, measurement period, or measurement duration; The measurement type is used to indicate the type of the meteorological information to be measured; The measurement quantity is used to indicate the information that needs to be measured corresponding to the meteorological information to be measured.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: The meteorological information includes at least one of the following: Distance decoupling path loss information, path loss information caused by weather, link length, polarization information, direction information, or frequency information.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The path loss information caused by weather is determined by the receiving end according to at least one of the following: link attenuation, free space path loss, transmission path loss caused by water film, and noise.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The sending end is a terminal device and the receiving end is an access network device; or, The sending end is the access network device and the receiving end is the terminal device.

12. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device is applied to a receiving end, and the communication device includes: A transceiver unit, configured to receive a reference signal transmitted via a wireless channel; A processing unit, configured to measure the reference signal to obtain meteorological information; the meteorological information is used to characterize meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or a channel state of the wireless channel under the meteorological conditions to be measured; The transceiver unit is also used to report the meteorological information to the core network equipment.

13. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device comprises a processor and a communication interface, and the processor and the communication interface are used to support the communication device to execute the meteorological measurement method according to any one of claims 1-5.

14. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device is applied to a core network device, and the communication device includes: A transceiver unit, configured to receive meteorological information reported by a receiving end; the meteorological information is used to characterize meteorological characteristics of the wireless channel during transmission and / or a channel state of the wireless channel under the meteorological conditions to be measured; A processing unit is used to determine characteristic parameters of the meteorology based on the meteorological information.

15. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device comprises a processor and a communication interface, and the processor and the communication interface are used to support the communication device to execute the meteorological measurement method according to any one of claims 6 to 11.

16. A communication system, characterized in that: The communication system comprises a transmitting end and the communication device according to claim 12 or 13, or the communication system comprises a transmitting end and the communication device according to claim 14 or 15.

17. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the computer executes the method according to any one of claims 6 to 11.

18. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product comprises computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the computer is caused to execute the method according to any one of claims 6 to 11.

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