Method and apparatus for QOS management in wireless access backhaul network
By integrating CN nodes and wireless network nodes that manage QoS parameters and establish PDU sessions within WAB networks, the solution addresses the challenges of QoS management in complex WAB network architectures, enhancing reliability and performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/107875
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless access backhaul (WAB) networks face challenges in managing quality of service (QoS) due to complex multi-hop networking and dual-connection scenarios, which can lead to inconsistent performance and reliability issues.
The implementation of a core network (CN) node and wireless network nodes that can receive and transmit QoS parameters, establish and manage PDU sessions, and maintain NG connections to ensure optimal QoS across the WAB network.
This solution enhances QoS management in WAB networks by enabling more effective handling of multi-hop and dual-connection scenarios, thereby improving network reliability, performance, and user experience.
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Figure CN2024107875_19062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR QOS MANAGEMENT IN WIRELESS ACCESS BACKHAUL NETWORKTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication technology, and more particularly to wireless communication in a wireless access backhaul (WAB) network.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communication system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may support wireless communication for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communication system may support wireless communication with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) . Additionally, the wireless communication system may support wireless communication across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) (which is also known as new radio (NR) or next generation (NG) ) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article "a" before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to "at least one" of those elements or "one or more" of those elements. The terms "a, " "at least one, " "one or more, " and "at least one of one or more" may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of" or "one or both of" ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase "based on" shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as "based on condition A" may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on. " Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a "set" may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a core network (CN) node. The CN node may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the CN node to: receive first quality of service (QoS) parameters from a wireless network node, wherein the wireless network node includes a BS part and a mobile terminal (MT) part; and establish a first protocol data unit (PDU) session with a UE served by the wireless network node based on the first QoS parameters, or establish or modify a second PDU session for the MT part of the wireless network node based on the first QoS parameters.
[0005] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a wireless network node. The wireless network node may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the wireless network node to: establish a first PDU session between an MT part of the wireless network node and a first CN node; establish a next generation (NG) connection between a BS part of the wireless network node and a second CN node to serve a UE; and transmit QoS parameters to the first CN node or the second CN node.
[0006] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication, including: receiving QoS parameters from a wireless network node, wherein the wireless network node includes a BS part and an MT part; and establishing a first PDU session with a UE served by the wireless network node based on the QoS parameters, or establishing or modifying a second PDU session for the MT part of the wireless network node based on the QoS parameters.
[0007] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication, including: establishing a first PDU session between an MT part of a wireless network node and a first CN node; establishing an NG connection between a BS part of the wireless network node and a second CN node to serve a UE; and transmitting QoS parameters to the first CN node or the second CN node.
[0008] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the apparatus may include: at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions; at least one receiving circuitry; at least one transmitting circuitry; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium, the at least one receiving circuitry and the at least one transmitting circuitry, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium and the computer executable instructions may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] In order to describe the manner in which the advantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a description of the disclosure is rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. These drawings depict only exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope.
[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a WAB architecture in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0012] FIGs. 3A-3C illustrate exemplary QoS parameters in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0013] FIGs. 4 and 5 illustrate exemplary QoS management procedures in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] FIGs. 6 and 7 illustrate flowcharts of methods for wireless communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of network equipment (NE) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0016] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The detailed description of the appended drawings is intended as a description of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only form in which the present disclosure may be practiced. It should be understood that the same or equivalent functions may be accomplished by different embodiments that are intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0018] Reference will now be made in detail to some embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. To facilitate understanding, embodiments are provided under a specific network architecture (s) and new service scenarios, such as the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G NR or 6G, 3GPP LTE, and so on. It is contemplated that along with the developments of network architectures and new service scenarios, all embodiments in the present disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems; and moreover, the terminologies recited in the present disclosure may change, which should not affect the principles of the present disclosure.
[0019] In a WAB network, a wireless network node such as a relay node (RN) or a WAB node, a wireless BH node, or a wireless backhaul device can provide wireless access services for UEs or another wireless network node. For example, a UE or an MT part of another wireless network node can connect to a BS (i.e., a BH RAN node) relayed by one or more WAB nodes. The BH RAN node may also be called a donor node or a donor base station (e.g., DgNB, Donor gNodeB) or a WAB donor. In addition, the wireless link between a BH RAN node and a WAB node, or the wireless link between different WAB nodes can be referred to as a "backhaul link. " It should be noted that although, for convenience, some embodiments of the present disclosure use WAB node and BH RAN node to describe the WAB network, the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. For example, the entities in a WAB network may have different terminologies but the embodiments may still apply.
[0020] A WAB node may include (or support) an MT part (i.e., WAB-MT) and a BS part (i.e., WAB-BS) . In some examples, the WAB-MT may be a mobile terminal. When a WAB node connects to its parent node (which may be another WAB node or a BH RAN node) , it can be regarded as a UE, i.e., the role of an MT. In some examples, the WAB-MT can be called WAB-UE. That is, the MT part may be referred to as a UE part or UE component. When a WAB node provides service to its child node (which may be another WAB node or a UE) , it can be regarded as a network device, i.e., the role of a BS (e.g., a gNB) . In some examples, the WAB-BS can be called WAB-gNB.
[0021] In some embodiments, a WAB node may be referred to as a “mobile WAB node (MWAB) , "which is a mobile base station acting as a relay between a UE and the network (e.g., a mobile WAB node with wireless access backhauling) . For example, the WAB node may provide a NR access link to UEs and connected wirelessly (using NR) through a donor NG-RAN to the 5G Core. In some examples, such mobile base station relay may be mounted on a vehicle and may serve UEs that can be located inside (onboard) or outside (surrounding) the vehicle, or UEs that enter or leave the vehicle.
[0022] A BH RAN node or the WAB-BS can be an access network element with a complete base station function, or an access network element with a separate form of a centralized unit (CU) and a DU. The BH RAN node or the WAB-BS may be connected to the core network (for example, connected to the 5G core (5GC) network) , and provide the wireless backhaul function for the WAB nodes. For example, the CU of a BH RAN node may be separated into a control plane (CP) and a user plane (UP) . For example, a CU may include one CU-CP and one or more CU-UPs.
[0023] Considering the limited coverage of a high frequency band, and in order to ensure coverage performance of the network, multi-hop networking may be adopted in a WAB network. Taking into account the requirements of service transmission reliability, WAB nodes can support dual connectivity (DC) or multi-connectivity to improve transmission reliability, so as to deal with abnormal situations that may occur on the backhaul link, such as radio link failure (RLF) or blockage, load fluctuations, etc.
[0024] In the case where a WAB network supports multi-hop and dual-connection networking, there may be multiple transmission paths between the UE and the BH RAN node. A transmission path may include multiple nodes, such as a UE, one or more WAB nodes, and a BH RAN node (if the BH RAN node is in the form of a separate CU and DU, it may also contain a DU and a CU of the BH RAN node) . Each WAB node may treat the neighboring node that provides backhaul services for it as a parent node (or parent WAB node) , and each WAB node can be regarded as a child node (or child WAB node) of its parent node.
[0025] Technologies for facilitating communications in a WAB network are desired. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure provide various solutions to facilitate QoS management in a WAB network.
[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of wireless communication system 100 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0027] As shown in FIG. 1, wireless communication system 100 may include some base stations (e.g., BH RAN node 110A and BH RAN node 110B) , some WAB nodes (e.g., WAB node 120A, WAB node 120B, and WAB node 120C) , and some UEs (e.g., UE 130A, UE 130B and UE 130C) . Although a specific number of UEs, WAB nodes, and BH RAN nodes is depicted in FIG. 1, it is contemplated that any number of UEs, WAB nodes, and BH RAN nodes may be included in wireless communication system 100. Each of BH RAN node 110A, BH RAN node 110B, WAB node 120A, WAB node 120B, and WAB node 120C may be directly connected to one or more WAB nodes in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. Each of BH RAN node 110A, BH RAN node 110B, WAB node 120A, WAB node 120B, and WAB node 120C may be directly connected to one or more UEs in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0028] Wireless communication system 100 may be compatible with any type of network that is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals. Wireless communication system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, wireless communication system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, wireless communication system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultra-wideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, wireless communication system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , and IEEE 802.20. Wireless communication system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, wireless communication system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0029] In the context of the present disclosure, a WAB node (e.g., WAB node 120A, WAB node 120B, or WAB node 120C in FIG. 1) or a BH RAN node (e.g., BH RAN node 110A and BH RAN node 110B in FIG. 1) may also be referred to an NE. An NE may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form wireless communication system 100. An NE may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE may support services for one or more UEs within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE and a UE may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or a relay mounted on a moving vehicle. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with a different NE.
[0030] UE 130A, UE 130B and UE 130C may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of wireless communication system 100. UE 130A, UE 130B and UE 130C may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, UE 130A, UE 130B or UE 130C may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, UE 130A, UE 130B or UE 130C may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, UE 130A, UE 130B or UE 130C may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0031] UE 130A, UE 130B and UE 130C may be able to support wireless communication directly with each other or other UEs over a communication link. For example, UE 130A may support wireless communication directly with UE 130B over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link between two UEs may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, UE 130A may support wireless communication directly with UE 130B over a PC5 interface. Similarly, an MT part of a WAB node and an MT part of another WAB node may communication directly with each other over a sidelink.
[0032] A BH RAN node may support communication with a core network (CN) , or with another RAN node, or both. For example, BH RAN node 110A may interface with BH RAN node 110B or the CN (not shown in FIG. 1) through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, X2, NG, Xn, or other network interface) . In some implementations, BH RAN nodes may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, BH RAN nodes may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN) .
[0033] The CN may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for UEs served by a WAB node or a BH RAN node associated with the CN.
[0034] The CN may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an N6 or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs may communicate with the application server. A UE may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN via, for example, a BH RAN node. The CN may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE and the CN (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN) .
[0035] In wireless communication system 100, NEs (e.g., WAB nodes and RAN nodes such as BH RAN nodes) and UEs may use resources of wireless communication system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communication) .
[0036] In wireless communication system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, wireless communication system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, NEs and UEs may perform wireless communication over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by NEs and UEs, among other equipment or devices for cellular communication traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by NEs and UEs, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0037] A UE may include computing devices, such as desktop computers, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , tablet computers, smart televisions (e.g., televisions connected to the Internet) , set-top boxes, game consoles, security systems (including security cameras) , vehicle on-board computers, network devices (e.g., routers, switches, and modems) , vehicles or the like. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UE may include a portable wireless communication device, a smart phone, a cellular telephone, a flip phone, a device having a subscriber identity module, a personal computer, a selective call receiver, or any other device that is capable of sending and receiving communication signals on a wireless network. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UE includes wearable devices, such as smart watches, fitness bands, optical head-mounted displays, or the like. Moreover, a UE may be referred to as a subscriber unit, a mobile, a mobile station, a user, a terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a fixed terminal, a subscriber station, a user terminal, or a device, or described using other terminology used in the art. A UE may communicate with an NE (e.g., a BH RAN node or a WAB node) via uplink (UL) communication signals. An NE may communicate with a UE via downlink (DL) communication signals.
[0038] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an NE (e.g., a wireless network node, a BS, a RAN node, a BH RAN node or a WAB node) and a UE may communicate over licensed spectrums, whereas in some other embodiments, an NE and a UE may communicate over unlicensed spectrums. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementation of any particular wireless communication system architecture or protocol.
[0039] Persons skilled in the art should understand that as technology develops and advances, the terminologies described in the present disclosure may change, but should not affect or limit the principles and spirit of the present disclosure.
[0040] Referring to FIG. 1, WAB node 120A can be directly connected to BH RAN nodes 110A and 110B, and WAB node 120B can be directly connected to BH RAN node 110A. BH RAN nodes 110A and 110B are parent nodes of WAB node 120A, and BH RAN node 110A is a parent node of WAB node 120B. In other words, WAB nodes 120A and 120B are child WAB nodes of BH RAN node 110A, and WAB node 120A is also a child WAB node of BH RAN node 110B. WAB node 120C can reach BH RAN node 110A by hopping through WAB node 120B. WAB node 120B is a parent WAB node of WAB node 120C. In other words, WAB node 120C is a child WAB node of WAB node 120B.
[0041] In some other embodiments of the present disclosure, a WAB node may be connected to WAB node 120C so it can reach BH RAN node 110A by hopping through WAB node 120C and WAB node 120B. This WAB node and WAB node 120C may be referred to as the descendant WAB nodes of WAB node 120B.
[0042] UE 130C can be directly connected to BH RAN node 110A. UEs 130A and 130B can be connected to WAB nodes 120A and 120C, respectively. WAB nodes 120A and 120C may therefore be referred to as access WAB nodes. UL packets (e.g., data or signaling) from UE 130A or UE 130B can be transmitted to a BH RAN node (e.g., BH RAN node 110A or 110B) via one or more WAB nodes, and then transmitted by the BH RAN node to a mobile gateway device (such as the UPF in the 5GC) . DL packets (e.g., data or signaling) can be transmitted from the BH RAN node (e.g., BH RAN node 110A or 110B) after being received by the gateway device, and then transmitted to UE 130A or 130B through one or more WAB nodes.
[0043] For example, referring to FIG. 1, UE 130A may transmit UL data to BH RAN node 110A or 110B or receive DL data therefrom via WAB node 120A. UE 130B may transmit UL data to BH RAN node 110A or receive DL data therefrom via WAB node 120C and WAB node 120B.
[0044] In a WAB deployment such as the wireless communication system 100, the radio link between a BH RAN node (e.g., BH RAN node 110A or 110B in FIG. 1) and a WAB node or between two WAB nodes may be referred to as a backhaul link (BL) . The radio link between a BH RAN node (e.g., BH RAN node 110A or 110B in FIG. 1) and a UE or between a WAB node and a UE may be referred to as an access link (AL) . For example, in FIG. 1, radio links 140A to 140D are BLs and radio links 150A, 150B and 150C are ALs.
[0045] It should be noted that the WAB network shown in FIG. 1 is for illustrative purposes only. There are various WAB networks that support single-hop, single-connection, multi-hop, multi-connection, or any combination thereof. It should be noted that, although embodiments of the present disclosure may be discussed under a specific network architecture (e.g., WAB architecture) and based on certain specific components (e.g., a BH RAN node or a WAB node) , embodiments of the present disclosure are also applicable to other similar network architectures and new service scenarios.
[0046] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a WAB architecture in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 2, the traffic of the BS part of a WAB node is transported via PDU session backhaul.
[0047] Referring to FIG. 2, a WAB node includes a BS part (i.e., WAB-BS in FIG. 2) and an MT part (e.g., WAB-MT in FIG. 2) . The WAB node serves a UE and is served by a BH RAN node. The WAB-MT connects to a BH CN (e.g., 5GC or next-generation core (NGC) ) via the BH RAN node. A BH PDU session (s) is established between the WAB-MT and the BH CN (e.g., a UPF) . The WAB-BS sets up an NG interface to another CN (e.g., UE CN in FIG. 2, which can be 5GC or NGC) over the BH PDU session of the WAB-MT. The UE establishes a PDU session with the UE CN (e.g., a UPF) . The traffic of the WAB-BS is transported via PDU session backhaul. For example, the NG traffic of the WAB-BS is transported over the BH PDU session (s) . The WAB node (e.g., the WAB-BS) may establish an Xn connection with a neighbor RAN node, which can be any type of RAN node including, for example, the BH RAN node, another BH RAN node or an NG RAN node. The Xn traffic of the WAB-BS is transported over the BH PDU session (s) . The network operations and maintenance (OAM) traffic of the WAB-BS can also be transferred over the BH PDU session (s) .
[0048] Although FIG. 2 shows that the UE and the WAB-MT are connected to different CNs (e.g., different UPFs or different AMFs) , it should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that WAB network 200 can support the same CN entity (e.g., UPF or AMF) for both the UE and the WAB-MT.
[0049] FIG. 3A shows exemplary QoS parameters for a UE in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3A, a UE may connect to a BS which may connect to a CN (e.g., 5GC) . During the PDU session and QoS setup for the UE, the CN (or a CN node) may provide the BS with the packet delay budget (PDB) of the CN (denoted as "CN PDB for UE" in FIG. 3A) and an end-to-end (E2E) PDB. Then, the BS may use the received CN PDB to calculate the RAN PDB (denoted as "RAN PDB for UE" in FIG. 3A) . The BS may take the calculated RAN PDB into account in its scheduling decisions. In other words, the RAN PDB (e.g., 5G-AN PDB as specified in 3GPP specification TS 23.501) may be determined based on the E2E PDB and the CN PDB. In addition, the RAN PDB for DL and UL may be different based on different values of DL and UL CN PDBs. For example, the E2E PDB for the UE may be indicated in the configured 5G QoS Identifier (5QI) and the RAN PDB for the UE may equal the E2E PDB for the UE minus CN PDB for the UE, i.e.:
[0050] RAN PDB = E2E PDB –CN PDB
[0051] In addition, QoS parameters for the PDU session of the UE may also include a packet error rate (PER) for the UE, which may refer to an upper bound of packet error rate between the UE and the BS. The specific definitions of PDB and PER can be found in 3GPP specifications (e.g., 3GPP specification TS 23.501) .
[0052] In a WAB network (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1) , the UP traffic from a UE may travel multiple hops until reaching a CN of the UE (e.g., a UPF of the UE) or the UP traffic from the CN of the UE may travel multiple hops until reaching the UE. This may result in a more complex QoS management process.
[0053] For example, referring to FIGs. 3B and 3C, a WAB-BS of a WAB node serves a UE. The WAB-MT of the WAB node connects to a BH CN node via a BH RAN node. The UE can reach a UE CN node by hopping through the WAB node including the WAB-BS and the WAB-MT, the BH RAN node and the BH CN node. A shown in FIG. 3B, the PDB for the UE may include "RAN PDB-1 for UE" and "CN PDB-1 for UE" . In addition, the UP traffic needs to be backhauled via the BH PDU session of the WAB-MT, and the PDB for the WAB-MT may include "RAN PDB-2 for MT" and "CN PDB-2 for MT" . As shown in FIG. 3C, for the E2E PER of the UE, both the PER in the air interface between the UE and the WAB-BS (denoted as "PER-1 for the UE" in FIG. 3C) and the PER in the air interface between the WAB-MT and the BH RAN node (denoted as "PER-2 for the MT" in FIG. 3C) should be considered.
[0054] Clearly, in view of the specific architecture of a WAB network, QoS management in this context should take into account multi-hops, and is therefore more complex. The present disclosure provides embodiments that facilitate QoS management in a WAB network.
[0055] For example, in some embodiments, the BH CN may determine the QoS parameter of the backhaul link. Subsequently, a question arises concerning the appropriate behavior of the UE CN. For example, because the UE’s traffic needs to be transported via the backhaul PDU session, the UE CN may need to set a suitable CN PDB and PER for the UE. For example, as will be described later in the following text, the UE CN may set a suitable CN PDB for the UE (e.g., CN PDB-1 for UE in FIG. 3B) based on the delay of the BH link, and may set a suitable PER for the UE (e.g., PER-1 for UE in FIG. 3C) based on the packet error rate in the BH link.
[0056] For example, in some embodiments, the UE CN may determine the partition of the E2E QoS for the UE. Subsequently, a question arises concerning the appropriate behavior of the BH CN. For example, as will be described later in the following text, the CN PDB for the WAB-MT (e.g., CN PDB-2 for MT in FIG. 3B) and the RAN PDB for the WAB-MT (e.g., RAN PDB-2 for MT in FIG. 3B) may be set based on the CN PDB for the UE (e.g., CN PDB-1 for UE in FIG. 3B) . The PER for the WAB-MT (e.g., PER-2 for MT in FIG. 3C) may be set based on the PER for the UE (e.g., PER-1 for UE in FIG. 3C) and the E2E PER for the UE.
[0057] FIG. 4 illustrates exemplary QoS management procedure 400 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In exemplary procedure 400, a BH CN may determine the QoS parameters of the backhaul link and a UE CN may set suitable QoS parameters based on the QoS parameters determined by the BH CN. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 4.
[0058] Referring to FIG. 4, WAB node 420 may include a BS part (i.e., the WAB-BS in FIG. 4) and an MT part (i.e., the WAB-MT in FIG. 4) . A WAB-MT setup may be performed at 411. For example, the WAB-MT of WAB node 420 may connect to the network in the same way as a UE by performing an RRC connection setup procedure with BH RAN node 410. The WAB-MT may then perform authorization and authentication with BH CN 440A. After the WAB-MT is authorized, the WAB-MT may establish one or more PDU sessions with BH CN 440A for backhauling. In the context of the present disclosure, a PDU session between a WAB-MT and a BH CN is referred to as a BH PDU session.
[0059] In some embodiments, for each BH PDU session (e.g., BH PDU session #1) to be established, BH CN 440A (e.g., an AMF) may transmit a PDU session resource setup request message to BH RAN node 410. The request message may include at least one QoS flow and the QoS parameters for the QoS flow associated with BH PDU session #1, which is referred to as BH QoS parameters. In some embodiments, the BH QoS parameters may include one or more of the following information for the QoS flow: (A1) an E2E PDB of the WAB-MT (e.g., the PDB between the WAB-MT and a CN node such as the BH UPF) , (A2) a DL CN PDB for the WAB-MT (e.g., CN PDB-2 for MT in FIG. 3B) , (A3) a UL CN PDB for the WAB-MT (e.g., CN PDB-2 for MT in FIG. 3B) and (A4) a PER for the WAB-MT (e.g., PER-2 for MT in FIG. 3C) . In some embodiments, the WAB-MT may obtain the BH QoS parameters from BH CN 440A via DL non-access stratum (NAS) signaling.
[0060] A WAB-BS setup may be performed at 413. For example, the WAB-BS of WAB node 420 may establish an NG connection (s) toward UE CN 440B (e.g., an AMF) . After the NG connection (s) is established, the WAB-BS of WAB node 420 can start serving UEs.
[0061] In some embodiments, WAB node 420 may report the BH QoS parameters to UE CN 440B to facilitate QoS management.
[0062] For example, the WAB-BS of WAB node 420 may obtain the BH QoS parameters from the WAB-MT of WAB node 420 via, for example, internal signaling between the WAB-MT and the WAB-BS. At 415, the WAB-BS of WAB node 420 may transmit QoS related information to UE CN 440B (e.g., the AMF of the UE) . In some embodiments, the QoS related information (which can also be referred to as QoS parameters) may include one or more of: the BH QoS parameters (e.g., one or more of parameters (A1) to (A4) ) , (B1) a packet transmission delay of an access link between the WAB-BS of WAB node 420 and UE 430 and (B2) a packet transmission delay between the WAB-MT and the WAB-BS of WAB node 420. In some examples, parameter (B1) may be an upper band delay of the access link between the WAB-BS and UE 430, and may be referred to as an estimate or reference RAN PDB for UE 430. In some embodiments, the QoS related information may be transmitted in a next generation application protocol (NGAP) message.
[0063] In some embodiments, BH CN 440A may transmit the BH QoS parameters (e.g., one or more of parameters (A1) to (A4) ) to UE CN 440B (e.g., the AMF of the UE) . Or in some other embodiments, UE 430 may transmit the BH QoS parameters (e.g., one or more of parameters (A1) to (A4) ) or the QoS related information (e.g., one or more of the BH QoS parameters, parameter (B1) and parameter (B2) ) as described above to the AMF of the UE.
[0064] A UE PDU session setup may be performed at 417. In the context of the present disclosure, a PDU session between a UE and a UE CN is referred to as a UE PDU session. For example, UE 430 may transmit a PDU session establishment request to UE CN 440B (e.g., the AMF of the UE) to establish a UE PDU session (e.g., UE PDU session #1) . The AMF of the UE may select a suitable session management function (SMF) for the UE and transmit a corresponding PDU session establishment request to the selected SMF. In some embodiments, the AMF of the UE may transmit the BH QoS parameters (e.g., one or more of parameters (A1) to (A4) ) or the QoS related information (e.g., one or more of the BH QoS parameters, parameter (B1) and parameter (B2) ) as described above to the SMF of the UE. For example, the BH QoS parameters or the QoS related information may be included in the PDU session establishment request from the AMF of the UE to the SMF of the UE. The SMF of the UE may determine the QoS parameters for UE 430 (e.g., associated with UE PDU session #1) , which may be transmitted to WAB node 420 (e.g., the WAB-BS) via the AMF of the UE in an NGAP message, for example, an NGAP PDU session resource setup request message.
[0065] In some embodiments, the QoS parameters for UE 430 may include one or more of: (C1) CN PDB for UE 430 (e.g., CN PDB-1 for UE in FIG. 3B) , (C2) the E2E PDB for UE 430 (e.g., the PDB between UE 430 and UE CN 440B (e.g., the UPF of UE 430) ) and (C3) the PER for UE 430 (e.g., PER-1 for UE in FIG. 3C) . In some embodiments, parameter (C1) may include a UL CN PDB, a DL CN PDB or both. In the context of the present disclosure, the value of a UL CN PDB may be the same or different from that of a DL CN PDB, and the UL CN PDB and the DL CN PDB may be configured either independently or jointly.
[0066] In some examples, parameter (C1) may be determined based on a packet transmission delay between BH CN 440A (e.g., the BH UPF) and UE CN 440B (e.g., the UE UPF) and one of the QoS related information and BH QoS parameters. For example, parameter (C1) may be equal to parameter (A1) plus the delay budget between the BH UPF and the UE UPF. The delay budget between the BH UPF and the UE UPF may be an estimated value and can be implemented by the CN. In some examples, parameter (B2) may be taken into account. For example, parameter (C1) may be equal to a sum of parameter (B2) , parameter (A1) and the delay budget between the BH UPF and the UE UPF. In some examples, parameter (C1) may be determined based on parameter (B1) . For example, parameter (C1) may be equal to parameter (C2) minus parameter (B1) . In some embodiment, the CN PDB for DL and UL may be calculated independently.
[0067] In some examples, parameter (C2) may be based on traffic requirements. In some examples, parameter (C3) may be based on parameter (A4) and an E2E PER for the UE (e.g., the PER between UE 430 and BH RAN node 410) . For example, the E2E PER for the UE can be determined based on traffic requirements. Parameter (C3) may be equal to ( (E2E PER for the UE) / parameter (A4) ) .
[0068] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary procedure 400 may be changed and that some of the operations in exemplary procedure 400 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0069] FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary QoS management procedure 500 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In exemplary procedure 500, a BH CN may set suitable QoS parameters based on the QoS parameters determined by a UE CN. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 5.
[0070] Referring to FIG. 5, WAB node 520 may include a BS part (i.e., the WAB-BS in FIG. 5) and an MT part (i.e., the WAB-MT in FIG. 5) . A WAB-MT setup may be performed at 511. For example, the WAB-MT of WAB node 520 may connect to the network in the same way as a UE by performing an RRC connection setup procedure with BH RAN node 510. The WAB-MT may then perform authorization and authentication with BH CN 540A. After the WAB-MT is authorized, the WAB-MT may establish one or more PDU sessions with BH CN 540A for backhauling.
[0071] In some embodiments, for each BH PDU session (e.g., BH PDU session #2) to be established, BH CN 540A (e.g., an AMF) may transmit a PDU session resource setup request message to BH RAN node 510. The request message may include at least one QoS flow and the QoS parameters for the QoS flow associated with BH PDU session #2, which is referred to as BH QoS parameters. In some embodiments, the BH QoS parameters may include one or more of the following information for the QoS flow: (A1) an E2E PDB of the WAB-MT (e.g., the PDB between the WAB-MT and a CN node such as BH UPF) , (A2) a DL CN PDB for the WAB-MT (e.g., CN PDB-2 for MT in FIG. 3B) , (A3) a UL CN PDB for the WAB-MT (e.g., CN PDB-2 for MT in FIG. 3B) and (A4) a PER for the WAB-MT (e.g., PER-2 for MT in FIG. 3C) . In some embodiments, the WAB-MT may obtain the BH QoS parameters from the BH CN via DL NAS signaling.
[0072] A WAB-BS setup may be performed at 513. For example, the WAB-BS of WAB node 520 may establish an NG connection (s) toward UE CN 540B (e.g., an AMF) . After the NG connection (s) is established, the WAB-BS of WAB node 520 can start serving the UEs.
[0073] A UE PDU session setup may be performed at 515. For example, UE 530 may transmit a PDU session establishment request to UE CN 540B (e.g., the AMF of the UE) to establish a UE PDU session (e.g., UE PDU session #2) . The AMF of the UE may select a suitable SMF for the UE and transmit a corresponding PDU session establishment request to the selected SMF. The SMF of the UE may determine the QoS parameters for UE 530 (hereinafter, UE QoS parameters) , which may be transmitted to WAB node 520 (e.g., the WAB-BS) via the AMF of the UE in an NGAP message, for example, a PDU session resource setup request message (e.g., an NGAP PDU session resource setup request message) .
[0074] In some embodiments, the UE QoS parameters may include one or more of following information for the QoS flow associated with UE PDU session #2: (D1) CN PDB for UE 530 (e.g., CN PDB-1 for UE in FIG. 3B) , (D2) E2E PDB for UE 530 (e.g., the PDB between UE 530 and UE CN 540B (e.g., the UPF of UE 530) ) , and (D3) E2E PER for UE 530 (e.g., the PER between UE 530 and BH RAN node 510) . Parameter (D1) may include a UL CN PDB (hereinafter, parameter (D1-UL) ) , a DL CN PDB (hereinafter, parameter (D1-DL) ) or both. The SMF of the UE may transmit the UE QoS parameters to WAB node 520 (e.g., the WAB-BS of WAB node 520) via the AMF of the UE.
[0075] At 517, for the UL and DL UE traffic, UE PDU session #2 may be mapped to a BH PDU session. For example, the QoS of UE PDU session #2 received at the WAB-BS of WAB node 520 (i.e., the UE QoS flow) may be bound to a BH QoS flow (and / or a BH PDU session) . WAB node 520 may bind the UE QoS flow to the BH PDU session based on the UE requested PDU session and the QoS flow characteristics.
[0076] In some embodiments, if there is an existing BH PDU session which is suitable to support the UE PDU session and its QoS flow characteristics, this BH PDU session is selected, and the UE QoS flow or the UE PDU session is bound to this BH PDU session. In some embodiments, if none of the existing BH PDU sessions is suitable, a new BH PDU session (e.g., BH PDU session #3) may be established based on the UE PDU session and its QoS flow characteristics. Alternatively, an existing BH PDU session (e.g., BH PDU session #2) may be modified to accommodate UE PDU session #2 or its associated UE QoS flow. In some embodiments, the UE QoS parameters may be transmitted to BH CN 540A to facilitate establishment or modification of the BH PDU session.
[0077] For example, the WAB-MT of WAB node 520 may obtain the UE QoS parameters (e.g., one or more of parameters (D1) to (D3) ) from the WAB-BS of WAB node 520 via, for example, internal signaling between the WAB-MT and the WAB-BS. At 519, the WAB-MT of WAB node 520 may transmit QoS related information for UE 530 to BH CN 540A (e.g., an AMF of the WAB-MT) .
[0078] In some embodiments, the WAB-MT of WAB node 520 transmits the QoS related information to the AMF of the WAB-MT (hereinafter, BH AMF) via, for example, UL NAS signaling. In some embodiments, the WAB-MT of WAB node 520 transmits the QoS related information to BH RAN node 510 via an RRC message, and then BH RAN node 510 transmits the QoS related information to the BH AMF via, for example, a UL NGAP message.
[0079] In some embodiments, the QoS related information (which can also be referred to as QoS parameters) may include one or more of: UE QoS parameters (e.g., one or more of parameter (D1) and parameter (D3) ) , (E1) a packet transmission delay between the WAB-MT and the WAB-BS of WAB node 520, (E2) the PER for UE 530 (e.g., PER-1 for UE in FIG. 3C) , and (E3) the PER for the WAB-MT of WAB node 520 (e.g., PER-2 for MT in FIG. 3C) .
[0080] In some examples, parameter (E2) may be an estimated or reference PER on the air interface between UE 530 and the WAB-BS of WAB node 520. In some examples, parameter (E3) may be an estimated or reference PER on the air interface between the WAB-MT of WAB node 520 and BH RAN node 510. In some examples, WAB node 520 may determine parameter (E2) and parameter (E3) by dividing parameter (D3) . For instance, WAB node 520 may split parameter (D3) into parameter (E2) and parameter (E3) according to various implementations.
[0081] At 521, the BH AMF may transmit the QoS related information for UE 530 to an SMF in BH CN 540A (referred to as a BH SMF) and trigger the establishment or modification of a BH PDU session. For example, the BH AMF may trigger a PDU session establishment request message or a PDU session update / modification request message to the BH SMF and the QoS related information for UE 530 is included in the request message. Any other messages from the BH AMF to the BH SMF that can be conceived of by persons skilled in the art can be applied to carry the QoS related information.
[0082] For example, based on the QoS related information for UE 530, the BH SMF may determine the BH QoS parameters for a new BH PDU session (e.g., BH PDU session #3) or for an existing BH PDU session (e.g., BH PDU session #2) to be modified. The BH QoS parameters may include one or more of the following information: (F1) an E2E PDB of the WAB-MT (e.g., the PDB between the WAB-MT of WAB node 520 and a CN node such as BH UPF) , (F2) a CN PDB for the WAB-MT (e.g., CN PDB-2 for MT in FIG. 3B) and (F3) a PER for the WAB-MT (e.g., PER-2 for MT in FIG. 3C) . Parameter (F2) may include a UL CN PDB, a DL CN PDB or both.
[0083] For example, parameter (F1) may be equal to parameter (D1) minus the delay budget between the BH UPF and the UE UPF. The delay budget between the BH UPF and the UE UPF may be an estimated value and can be implemented by the CN. For example, parameter (F1) may be equal to parameter (D1) minus the sum of the delay budget between the BH UPF and the UE UPF and parameter (E1) .
[0084] In some examples, parameter (F2) may be determined by dividing parameter (F1) into parameter (F2) and the RAN PDB for the WAB-MT of WAB node 520 (e.g., RAN PDB-2 for MT in FIG. 3B) according to various implementations. In some examples, parameter (F3) may be equal to (parameter (D3) / parameter (E2) ) or determined by referring to parameter (E3) .
[0085] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary procedure 500 may be changed and that some of the operations in exemplary procedure 500 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0086] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of exemplary method 600 for wireless communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 6. In some examples, method 600 may be performed by a NE such as a CN node (s) . In some embodiments, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the CN node (s) to perform the described functions or operations. For the sake of simplicity, the operations in method 600 are described as follows with respect to a CN node.
[0087] At 611, a CN node may receive first QoS parameters from a wireless network node, wherein the wireless network node includes a BS part and an MT part. At 613, the CN node may establish a first PDU session with a UE served by the wireless network node based on the first QoS parameters, or the CN node may establish or modify a second PDU session for the MT part of the wireless network node based on the first QoS parameters.
[0088] In some embodiments, the CN node may have an NG connection to the BS part of the wireless network node. The CN node may serve the UE. The CN node may establish the first PDU session based on the first QoS parameters including one or more of second QoS parameters associated with a third PDU session of the MT part of the wireless network node, a packet transmission delay of an access link between the BS part of the wireless network node and the UE served by the wireless network node and a packet transmission delay between the MT part and the BS part of the wireless network node.
[0089] In some embodiments, the second QoS parameters associated with the third PDU session include one or more of: an end-to-end PDB of the MT part of the wireless network node; a DL CN PDB for the MT part of the wireless network node; a UL CN PDB for the MT part of the wireless network node; and a PER between the MT part of the wireless network node and an RAN node serving the wireless network node.
[0090] In some embodiments, the first QoS parameters are received from the BS part of the wireless network node in an NGAP message.
[0091] In some embodiments, the CN node may transmit the first QoS parameters from an AMF of the CN node to an SMF of the CN node.
[0092] In some embodiments, the CN node may: serve the MT part of the wireless network node; and establish or modify the second PDU session based on the first QoS parameters including one or more of third QoS parameters associated with a fourth PDU session of the UE served by the wireless network node, a packet transmission delay between the MT part and the BS part of the wireless network node, a PER between the UE and the BS part of the wireless network node and a PER between the MT part of the wireless network node and an RAN node serving the wireless network node.
[0093] In some embodiments, the third QoS parameters associated with the fourth PDU session include one or more of: a DL CN PDB for the UE; a UL CN PDB for the UE;and a PER between the UE and the RAN node serving the wireless network node.
[0094] In some embodiments, the first QoS parameters are received in UL NAS signaling from the MT part of the wireless network node or in a UL NGAP message from an RAN node serving the wireless network node.
[0095] In some embodiments, the CN node may transmit the first QoS parameters from an AMF of the CN node to an SMF of the CN node to trigger the establishment or modification of the second PDU session.
[0096] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 600 may be changed and that some of the operations in exemplary method 600 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0097] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of exemplary method 700 for wireless communications in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Details described in all of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable for the embodiments shown in FIG. 7. In some examples, method 700 may be performed by a NE such as a network node, a wireless network node or a WAB node. In some embodiments, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network node to perform the described functions or operations. For the sake of simplicity, the operations in method 700 are described as follows with respect to a wireless network node.
[0098] At 711, a wireless network node may establish a first PDU session between an MT part of the wireless network node and a first CN node. At 713, the wireless network node may establish an NG connection between a BS part of the wireless network node and a second CN node to serve a UE. At 715, the wireless network node may transmit QoS parameters to the first CN node or the second CN node.
[0099] In some embodiments, the QoS parameters are associated with the first PDU session and is transmitted to the second CN node.
[0100] In some embodiments, the QoS parameters include one or more of following information: a PDB between the MT part of the wireless network node and the first CN node; a DL CN PDB for the MT part of the wireless network node; a UL CN PDB for the MT part of the wireless network node; a PER between the MT part of the wireless network node and an RAN node serving the wireless network node; an packet transmission delay of an access link between the BS part of the wireless network node and the UE; and a packet transmission delay between the MT part and the BS part of the wireless network node.
[0101] In some embodiments, the QoS parameters are transmitted by the BS part of the wireless network node in an NGAP message to the second CN node.
[0102] In some embodiments, the QoS parameters are associated with a second PDU session between the UE and the second CN node and is transmitted to the first CN node.
[0103] In some embodiments, the QoS parameters include one or more of following information: a DL CN PDB for the UE; a UL CN PDB for the UE; a PER between the UE and an RAN node serving the wireless network node; a packet transmission delay between the MT part and the BS part of the wireless network node; a first PER between the UE and the BS part of the wireless network node; and a second PER between the MT part of the wireless network node and the RAN node serving the wireless network node.
[0104] In some embodiments, the QoS parameters are transmitted by the MT part of the wireless network node in UL NAS signaling to the first CN node or in an RRC message to an RAN node serving the wireless network node.
[0105] In some embodiments, the wireless network node may determine the first PER and the second PER by dividing the PER between the UE and the RAN node serving the wireless network node.
[0106] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the sequence of the operations in exemplary method 700 may be changed and that some of the operations in exemplary method 700 may be eliminated or modified, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0107] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an NE 800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. NE 800 may be a network node, a wireless network node, a WAB node, a BS, or any types of RAN node such as a BH RAN node or a RAN node not serving any WAB nodes. The NE 800 may include a processor 802, a memory 804, a controller 806, and a transceiver 808. The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0108] The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, an ASIC, or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0109] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate the memory 804. In some other implementations, the memory 804 may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the NE 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0110] The memory 804 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 802 cause the NE 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 804 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0111] In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to cause the NE 800 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) . For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the NE 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
[0112] For example, the NE 800 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-6. For example, the NE 800 may be configured to support: a means for receiving QoS parameters from a wireless network node, wherein the wireless network node includes a BS part and an MT part; and a means for establishing a first PDU session with a UE served by the wireless network node based on the QoS parameters, or a means for establishing or modifying a second PDU session for the MT part of the wireless network node based on the QoS parameters.
[0113] For example, the NE 800 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-5 and 7. For example, the NE 800 may be configured to support: a means for establishing a first PDU session between an MT part of a wireless network node and a first CN node; a means for establishing an NG connection between a BS part of the wireless network node and a second CN node to serve a UE; and a means for transmitting QoS parameters to the first CN node or the second CN node.
[0114] The controller 806 may manage input and output signals for the NE 800. The controller 806 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 800. In some implementations, the controller 806 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 806 may be implemented as part of the processor 802.
[0115] In some implementations, the NE 800 may include at least one transceiver 808. In some other implementations, the NE 800 may have more than one transceiver 808. The transceiver 808 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 808 may include one or more receiver chains 810, one or more transmitter chains 812, or a combination thereof.
[0116] A receiver chain 810 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 810 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., an LNA) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0117] A transmitter chain 812 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, or packets) . The transmitter chain 812 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as AM, FM, or digital modulation schemes like PSK or QAM. The transmitter chain 812 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 812 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0118] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary NE 800 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary NE 800 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary NE 800, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the NE 800 may not include the controller 806.
[0119] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor 900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0120] The processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0121] The controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0122] The controller 902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 904 and determine a subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 902 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 904. The controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900. The controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs, and other functional units of the processor 900.
[0123] The memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900) .
[0124] The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 902 and / or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 900 and / or the controller 902 may be coupled with or to the memory 904, the processor 900, the controller 902, and the memory 904 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0125] The one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . One or more ALUs 906 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 906 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 906 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0126] The processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
[0127] For example, the processor 900 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-6. For example, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support: a means for receiving QoS parameters from a wireless network node, wherein the wireless network node includes a BS part and an MT part; and a means for establishing a first PDU session with a UE served by the wireless network node based on the QoS parameters, or a means for establishing or modifying a second PDU session for the MT part of the wireless network node based on the QoS parameters.
[0128] For example, the processor 900 may be configured to support means for performing the operations as described with respect to FIGs. 1-5 and 7. For example, the processor 900 may be configured to support: a means for establishing a first PDU session between an MT part of a wireless network node and a first CN node; a means for establishing an NG connection between a BS part of the wireless network node and a second CN node to serve a UE; and a means for transmitting QoS parameters to the first CN node or the second CN node.
[0129] It should be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the components in exemplary processor 900 may be changed, for example, some of the components in exemplary processor 900 may be omitted or modified or a new component (s) may be added to exemplary processor 900, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the processor 900 may not include the ALUs 906.
[0130] Those having ordinary skill in the art would understand that the operations or steps of the methods described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Additionally, in some aspects, the operations or steps of the methods may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and / or instructions on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
[0131] While this disclosure has been described with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations may be apparent to those skilled in the art. The disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded with the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. For example, various components of the embodiments may be interchanged, added, or substituted in other embodiments. Also, all of the elements of each figure are not necessary for the operation of the disclosed embodiments. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art of the disclosed embodiments would be enabled to make and use the teachings of the disclosure by simply employing the elements of the independent claims. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosure as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0132] In this document, this document, the terms "includes, " "comprising, " "includes, " "including, " or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The term "transport" may mean "receive" or "transmit" depending on the context. An element proceeded by "a, " "an, " or the like does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element. Also, the term "another" is defined as at least a second or more. The term "having" or the like, as used herein, is defined as "including. " Expressions such as "A and / or B" or "at least one of A and B" may include any and all combinations of words enumerated along with the expression. For instance, the expression "A and / or B" or "at least one of A and B" may include A, B, or both A and B. The wording "the first, " "the second" or the like is only used to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure, but is not used to limit the substance of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A core network (CN) node, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the CN node to:receive first quality of service (QoS) parameters from a wireless network node, wherein the wireless network node comprises a base station (BS) part and a mobile terminal (MT) part; andestablish a first protocol data unit (PDU) session with a user equipment (UE) served by the wireless network node based on the first QoS parameters, or establish or modify a second PDU session for the MT part of the wireless network node based on the first QoS parameters.2.The CN node of Claim 1, wherein the CN node has an NG connection to the BS part of the wireless network node and the at least one processor is configured to cause the CN node to:establish the first PDU session based on the first QoS parameters including one or more of: second QoS parameters associated with a third PDU session of the MT part of the wireless network node, a packet transmission delay of an access link between the BS part of the wireless network node and the UE served by the wireless network node, and a packet transmission delay between the MT part and the BS part of the wireless network node.3.The CN node of Claim 2, wherein the second QoS parameters associated with the third PDU session include one or more of:an end-to-end packet delay budget (PDB) of the MT part of the wireless network node;a downlink (DL) CN PDB for the MT part of the wireless network node;an uplink (UL) CN PDB for the MT part of the wireless network node; anda packet error rate (PER) between the MT part of the wireless network node and a radio access network (RAN) node serving the wireless network node.4.The CN node of Claim 2, wherein the first QoS parameters are received from the BS part of the wireless network node in a next generation application protocol (NGAP) message.5.The CN node of Claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the CN node to transmit the first QoS parameters from an access and mobility management function (AMF) of the CN node to a session management function (SMF) of the CN node.6.The CN node of Claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the CN node to:serve the MT part of the wireless network node andestablish or modify the second PDU session based on the first QoS parameters including one or more of: third QoS parameters associated with a fourth PDU session of the UE served by the wireless network node, a packet transmission delay between the MT part and the BS part of the wireless network node, a packet error rate (PER) between the UE and the BS part of the wireless network node, and a PER between the MT part of the wireless network node and a radio access network (RAN) node serving the wireless network node.7.The CN node of Claim 6, wherein the third QoS parameters associated with the fourth PDU session include one or more of:a downlink (DL) CN PDB for the UE;an uplink (UL) CN PDB for the UE; anda PER between the UE and the RAN node serving the wireless network node.8.The CN node of Claim 6, wherein the first QoS parameters are received in uplink (UL) non-access stratum (NAS) signaling from the MT part of the wireless network node or in a UL next generation application protocol (NGAP) message from a radio access network (RAN) node serving the wireless network node.9.The CN node of Claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the CN node to transmit the first QoS parameters from an access and mobility management function (AMF) of the CN node to a session management function (SMF) of the CN node to trigger the establishment or modification of the second PDU session.10.A wireless network node, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the wireless network node to:establish a first protocol data unit (PDU) session between a mobile terminal (MT) part of the wireless network node and a first core network (CN) node;establish a next generation (NG) connection between a base station (BS) part of the wireless network node and a second CN node to serve a user equipment (UE) ; andtransmit quality of service (QoS) parameters to the first CN node or the second CN node.11.The wireless network node of Claim 10, wherein the QoS parameters are associated with the first PDU session and is transmitted to the second CN node.12.The wireless network node of Claim 10, wherein the QoS parameters include one or more of following information:a packet delay budget (PDB) between the MT part of the wireless network node and the first CN node;a downlink (DL) CN PDB for the MT part of the wireless network node;an uplink (UL) CN PDB for the MT part of the wireless network node;a packet error rate (PER) between the MT part of the wireless network node and a radio access network (RAN) node serving the wireless network node;an packet transmission delay of an access link between the BS part of the wireless network node and the UE; anda packet transmission delay between the MT part and the BS part of the wireless network node.13.The wireless network node of Claim 11 or 12, wherein the QoS parameters are transmitted by the BS part of the wireless network node in a next generation application protocol (NGAP) message to the second CN node.14.The wireless network node of Claim 10, wherein the QoS parameters are associated with a second PDU session between the UE and the second CN node and is transmitted to the first CN node.15.The wireless network node of Claim 10, wherein the QoS parameters include one or more of following information:a downlink (DL) CN PDB for the UE;an uplink (UL) CN PDB for the UE;a packet error rate (PER) between the UE and a radio access network (RAN) node serving the wireless network node;a packet transmission delay between the MT part and the BS part of the wireless network node;a first PER between the UE and the BS part of the wireless network node; anda second PER between the MT part of the wireless network node and the RAN node serving the wireless network node.16.The wireless network node of Claim 14 or 15, wherein the QoS parameters are transmitted by the MT part of the wireless network node in uplink (UL) non-access stratum (NAS) signaling to the first CN node or in a radio resource control (RRC) message to a radio access network (RAN) node serving the wireless network node.17.The wireless network node of Claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the wireless network node to determine the first PER and the second PER by dividing the PER between the UE and the RAN node serving the wireless network node.18.A method for wireless communication, comprising:receiving quality of service (QoS) parameters from a wireless network node, wherein the wireless network node comprises a base station (BS) part and a mobile terminal (MT) part; andestablishing a first protocol data unit (PDU) session with a user equipment (UE) served by the wireless network node based on the QoS parameters, or establishing or modifying a second PDU session for the MT part of the wireless network node based on the QoS parameters.19.The method of Claim 18, further comprising:serve the MT part of the wireless network node andestablish or modify the second PDU session based on the first QoS parameters including one or more of: third QoS parameters associated with a fourth PDU session of the UE served by the wireless network node, a packet transmission delay between the MT part and the BS part of the wireless network node, a packet error rate (PER) between the UE and the BS part of the wireless network node, and a PER between the MT part of the wireless network node and a radio access network (RAN) node serving the wireless network node.20.A method for wireless communication, comprising:establishing a first protocol data unit (PDU) session between a mobile terminal (MT) part of a wireless network node and a first core network (CN) node;establishing a next generation (NG) connection between a base station (BS) part of the wireless network node and a second CN node to serve a user equipment (UE) ; andtransmitting quality of service (QoS) parameters to the first CN node or the second CN node.
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