Method for network coordination
The method addresses the challenge of coordinating multi-access policies in wireless communication networks by determining policies using assistance information and mapping them to capability sets, enhancing data rates and reliability while minimizing network disruption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/141242
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication networks face challenges in efficiently coordinating multi-access steering, switching, and splitting policies across different Radio Access Networks (RANs) to enhance data rates and reliability.
The method involves determining multi-access steering, switching, and splitting policies either by the core network or the wireless terminal device, using a set of assistance information items. These policies are mapped to capability sets of the wireless terminal device, allowing for seamless coordination and configuration of multi-access processes across RANs.
This approach minimally disrupts existing network functionalities, enables efficient data transmission, and improves data rate and reliability by dynamically adjusting multi-access strategies based on real-time network conditions.
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Figure CN2023141242_26062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD FOR NETWORK COORDINATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This disclosure is directed generally to wireless communication networks and particularly to policy determination and network coordination in dual or multi-access steering / switching / splitting for multi-access of the wireless communication network.BACKGROUND
[0002] In wireless access network, various radio access technologies (RATs) may be employed to achieve communications between wireless terminal devices and wireless access network nodes. It is desirable to design the wireless access network and corresponding core network to enhance data rates and data transmission reliability.SUMMARY
[0003] This disclosure is directed generally to wireless communication networks and particularly to multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy determination and network access coordination for multi-access of the wireless communication network by a wireless terminal device. Such multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy may be determined either by the core network or by the wireless terminal device, and thus minimally disturb existing functionalities and operations of the multiple Radio Access Network (RAN) networks that the wireless terminal device is connected to. A set of assistance information items may be used for determining such policy. The assistant information may be provided to the core network by the UE or by the RAN network. A plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy sets supporting various combinations of multi-access steering / switching / splitting modes may be mapped to a plurality of capability sets of the wireless terminal device. A target capability set may thus be selected based on a selected multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy set. The RAN network may be informed of the selected capability set for the wireless terminal device and thereby may be configured to provision the multi-access process according to the selected capability set. The RAN network may indicate the capability restriction / coordination information to the wireless terminal device for the multi-access steering / switching / splitting.
[0004] In some example implementations, a method performed by a wireless terminal device is disclosed. The method may include establishing a first connection with a wireless network, the wireless network comprising at least a first Radio Access Network (RAN) and at least one core network; transmitting a set of provisioning information items to the wireless network for coordinating a multi-access steering / switching / splitting process in a multi-access connection for the wireless terminal device to access the first RAN and a second RAN; and establishing the multi-access connection with the wireless network.
[0005] In the example implementations above, the provisioning information items comprise assistance information items, the assistance information comprising at least one of a steering / switching / splitting mode recommendation; load ratio on each of multiple steering / switching / splitting modes; or Round-Trip Time (RTT) or Packet Loss Rate (PLR) information.
[0006] In any one of the example implementations above, the assistance information items are transmitted via a control plane or user plane of the wireless network.
[0007] In any one of the example implementations above, the assistance information items are transmitted as a data packet header in the user plane.
[0008] In any one of the example implementations above, the assistance information items are transmitted in the control plane via an Access Stratum (AS) to the first RAN or a non-AS (NAS) signaling to the core network.
[0009] In any one of the example implementations above, the assistance information items are transmitted according to a network assistance information transmission configuration provided by the wireless network with respect contents, transmission timing, and transmission channels.
[0010] In any one of the example implementations above, the provisioning information items comprise a plurality of capability sets for the wireless terminal device.
[0011] In any one of the example implementations above, the plurality of capability sets map to a plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.
[0012] In any one of the example implementations above, the plurality of capability sets comprise predefined sets of capabilities of the wireless terminal device for different multi-access steering / switching / splitting modes or different transmission load distributions for the wireless terminal device between the first RAN and the second RAN in the multi-access connection.
[0013] In any one of the example implementations above, at least one of the plurality of capability sets comprises capability restriction (s) .
[0014] In any one of the example implementations above, the at least one of the plurality of capability sets comprises one or more frequency band combinations and / or corresponding feature set (s) .
[0015] In any one of the example implementations above, at least one of the plurality of capability sets is defined according one of a maximum aggregated downlink or uplink bandwidth; downlink or uplink MIMO layers; a maximum downlink or uplink Component Carrier (CC) number; or a maximum downlink or uplink data rate or throughput.
[0016] In any one of the example implementations above, the provisioning information items further comprise a mapping relationship between the plurality of capability sets and the plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.
[0017] In any one of the example implementations above, the mapping relationship is reported to the core network for the core network to determine the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy from the plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting polices and to indicate a corresponding capability set to the first RAN or the second RAN.
[0018] In any one of the example implementations above, a mapping relationship between the plurality of capability sets and the plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies is used by the first RAN for the first RAN to determine a selected capability set corresponding to the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy as determined by the core network.
[0019] In any one of the example implementations above, the plurality of capability sets are transmitted to the wireless network during a registration procedure of the wireless terminal device or in a dynamic procedure as an UE assistance information.
[0020] In some other example implementations, a method performed by a network node of a core network of a wireless network is disclosed. The method may include receiving a set of provisioning information items via a first RAN from a wireless terminal device connected to the first RAN; determining a target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy for the wireless terminal device to perform a multi-access connection with at least the first RAN and a second RAN; and indicating the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy to the first RAN and / or the wireless terminal device.
[0021] In the example implementations above, the provisioning information items comprise assistance information items, the assistance information comprising at least one of a steering / switching / splitting mode recommendation; load ratio on each of multiple steering / switching / splitting modes; or Round-Trip Time (RTT) or Packet Loss Rate (PLR) information.
[0022] In any one of the example implementations above, the assistance information items are received as a data packet header in a user plane of the wireless network or an NAS signaling in a control plane of the wireless network.
[0023] In any one of the example implementations above, the method may further include configuring the wireless terminal device for a transmission of the assistance information with respect to contents, transmission timing, or transmission plane.
[0024] In any one of the example implementations above, the provisioning information items comprise a plurality of capability sets for the wireless terminal device, the plurality of capability sets mapping to a plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.
[0025] In any one of the example implementations above, plurality of capability sets comprise predefined sets of capabilities of the wireless terminal device for different multi-access steering / switching / splitting modes or different transmission load distributions for the wireless terminal device between the first RAN and the second RAN in the multi-access connection.
[0026] In any one of the example implementations above, the provisioning information items further comprise a mapping relationship between the plurality of capability sets and the plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.
[0027] In any one of the example implementations above, the method may further include comprising indicating the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy or a target capability set for the wireless terminal device corresponding to the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy to the first RAN.
[0028] In any one of the example implementations above, the plurality of capability sets are received during a registration procedure of the wireless terminal device to the wireless network or in a dynamic procedure as an assistance information.
[0029] In some other example implementations, a method performed by a first RAN node of a wireless network comprising at least the first RAN and a core network is disclosed. The method may include establishing a first connection with a wireless terminal device; transmitting a set of provisioning information items to the core network for the core network to coordinate a multi-access steering / switching / splitting process in a multi-access connection for the wireless terminal device to access the first RAN and a second RAN of the wireless network; receiving a target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information from the core network, the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information being generated and sent by the core network in response to the core network receiving the set of provisional information items; and configuring the wireless terminal device for the first connection with the wireless terminal device in response to receiving the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information.
[0030] In the example implementations above, the provisioning information items comprise assistance information items, the assistance information items comprising at least one of a steering / switching / splitting mode recommendation; load ratio on each of multiple steering / switching / splitting modes; Round-Trip Time (RTT) or Packet Loss Rate (PLR) information; energy consumption and / or efficiency information; or redundant transmission information.
[0031] In any one of the example implementations above, the assistance information items are transmitted as a data packet header in a user plane or an NAS signaling in a control plane.
[0032] In any one of the example implementations above, the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information comprises a capability set among a plurality of capability sets of the wireless terminal device, the plurality of capability sets mapping to a plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.
[0033] In any one of the example implementations above, the method further comprises storing a mapping relationship between a plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies and a plurality of capability sets for the wireless terminal device; the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information comprises a target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy determined by the core network according to the assistance information items; and the method further comprises determining a target capability set for the wireless terminal device according to the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information and the mapping relationship, and configuring the wireless terminal device for the first connection with the wireless terminal device according to the target capability set for the wireless terminal device.
[0034] In any one of the example implementations above, the method may further include sending capability restriction or capability coordination information to the wireless terminal device.
[0035] In any one of the example implementations above, the capability restriction or capability coordination includes at least one of forbidden band (s) / Band combinations, affected / preferred band (s) / Band combinations, affected / forbidden / preferred feature sets / feature set combinations.
[0036] In any one of the example implementations above, the capability restriction or capability coordination includes a preference on at least one RF or base band parameters with a granularity at per UE, per frequency range, per band, or per band combination level.
[0037] In any one of the example implementations above, the method may further include determining the capability restriction or coordination information based on the received target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information sent by the core network.
[0038] The devices or network nodes of any one of the methods above is further disclosed. The devices or network nodes may include a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to read computer code from the memory to cause the devices or network nodes to perform the method of any one of the methods above.
[0039] A non-transitory computer-readable program medium with computer code stored thereupon is further disclosed. The computer code, when executed by a processor of the devices or network nodes of any one of the methods above, is configured to cause the processor to implement any one of the methods above.
[0040] The above embodiments and other aspects and alternatives of their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims below.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network including a wireless access network, a core network, and data networks.
[0042] FIG. 2 illustrates an example wireless access network including a plurality of mobile stations / terminals or User Equipments (UEs) and a wireless access network node in communication with one another via an over-the-air radio communication interface.
[0043] FIG. 3 shows an example radio access network (RAN) architecture.
[0044] FIG. 4 shows an example communication protocol stack in a wireless access network node or wireless terminal device including various network layers.
[0045] FIG. 5 shows an example core network.
[0046] FIG. 6 illustrates an example Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting implementation between 3GPP network and non-3GPP network.
[0047] FIG. 7 shows example architectures for 4 / 5G and 6G Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting migration.
[0048] FIG. 8 shows example 4 / 5G and 6G Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting option.
[0049] FIG. 9 illustrates example procedure for transmitting Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting assistance information.
[0050] FIG. 10 illustrates an example network configuration for reporting Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting configuration.
[0051] FIG. 11 illustrates another example network configuration for reporting Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting configuration.
[0052] FIG. 12 illustrates and example MA-PDU establishment procedure.
[0053] FIG. 13 illustrates an example UE capability coordination procedure.
[0054] FIG. 14 illustrates an example reporting procedure for UE capability coordination.
[0055] FIG. 15 illustrates an example procedure for Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy decision by UE.
[0056] FIG. 16 illustrates an example procedure for the network to request for more resources.
[0057] FIG. 17 illustrates an example procedure for establishing connection to two access in sequence with capability coordination.
[0058] FIG. 18 illustrates an example procedure for establishing connection to two access in parallel with capability coordination.
[0059] FIG. 19 illustrates an example MA-PDU modification procedure with two accesses involved.
[0060] FIG. 20 illustrates an example MA-PDU modification procedure with one access involved.
[0061] FIG. 21 illustrates an example UE capability coordination procedure by RAN.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0062] The technologies described in this disclosure can be used for implement dual or multi-access steering / switching / splitting in wireless networks. The term “over-the-air interface” is used interchangeably with “air interface” or “radio interface” in this disclosure. The term “exemplary” is used to mean “an example of”and unless otherwise stated, does not imply an ideal or preferred example, implementation, or embodiment. Section headers are used in the present disclosure to facilitate understanding of the disclosed implementations and are not intended to limit the disclosed technology in the sections only to the corresponding section. The disclosed implementations may be further embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, the scope of this disclosure or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any of the embodiments set forth below. The various implementations may be embodied as methods, devices, components, systems, or non-transitory computer readable media. Accordingly, embodiments of this disclosure may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof.
[0063] This disclosure is directed generally to wireless communication networks and particularly to multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy determination and network access coordination for multi-access of the wireless communication network by a wireless terminal device. Such multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy may be determined either by the core network or by the wireless terminal device, and thus minimally disturb existing functionalities and operations of the multiple Radio Access Network (RAN) networks that the wireless terminal device is connected to. A set of assistance information items may be used for determining such policy. The assistant information may be provided to the core network by the UE or by the RAN network. A plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy sets supporting various combinations of multi-access steering / switching / splitting modes may be mapped to a plurality of capability sets of the wireless terminal device. A target capability set may thus be selected based on a selected multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy set. The RAN network may be informed of the selected capability set for the wireless terminal device and thereby may be configured to provision the multi-access process according to the selected capability set. The RAN network may indicate the capability restriction / coordination information to the wireless terminal device for the multi-access steering / switching / splitting. The term multi-access steering / switching / splitting may be referred to as multi-access steering / splitting / switching or in any other order in the disclosure below and in the drawings.
[0064] Wireless Communication Networks
[0065] An example wireless communication network, shown as 100 in FIG. 1, may include wireless terminal devices or user equipment (UE) 110, 111, and 112, a carrier network 102, various service applications 140, and other data networks 150. The wireless terminal devices or UEs, may be alternatively referred to as wireless terminals. The carrier network 102, for example, may include access network nodes 120 and 121, and a core network 130. The carrier network 110 may be configured to transmit voice, data, and other information (collectively referred to as data traffic) among UEs 110, 111, and 112, between the UEs and the service applications 140, or between the UEs and the other data networks 150. The access network nodes 120 and 121 may be configured as various wireless access network nodes (WANNs, alternatively referred to as wireless base stations) to interact with the UEs on one side of a communication session and the core network 130 on the other. The term “access network” may be used more broadly to refer a combination of the wireless terminal devices 110, 111, and 112 and the access network nodes 120 and 121. A wireless access network may be alternatively referred to as Radio Access Network (RAN) . The core network 130 may include various network nodes configured to control communication sessions and perform network access management and traffic routing. The service applications 140 may be hosted by various application servers deployed outside of but connected to the core network 130. Likewise, the other data networks 150 may also be connected to the core network 130.
[0066] In the example wireless communication network of 100 of FIG. 1, the UEs may communicate with one another via the wireless access network. For example, UE 110 and 112 may be connected to and communicate via the same access network node 120. The UEs may communicate with one another via both the access networks and the core network. For example, UE 110 may be connected to the access network node 120 whereas UE 111 may be connected to the access network node 121, and as such, the UE 110 and UE 111 may communicate to one another via the access network nodes 120 and 121, and the core network 130. The UEs may further communicate with the service applications 140 and the data networks 150 via the core network 130. Further, the UEs may communicate to one another directly via side link communications, as shown by 113.
[0067] FIG. 2 further shows an example system diagram of the wireless access network 120 including a WANN 202 serving UEs 110 and 112 via the over-the-air interface 204. The wireless transmission resources for the over-the-air interface 204 include a combination of frequency, time, and / or spatial resource. Each of the UEs 110 and 112 may be a mobile or fixed terminal device installed with mobile access units such as SIM / USIM modules for accessing the wireless communication network 100. The UEs 110 and 112 may each be implemented as a terminal device including but not limited to a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop computer, a vehicle on-board communication equipment, a roadside communication equipment, a sensor device, a smart appliance (such as a television, a refrigerator, and an oven) , or other devices that are capable of communicating wirelessly over a network. As shown in FIG. 2, each of the UEs such as UE 112 may include transceiver circuitry 206 coupled to one or more antennas 208 to effectuate wireless communication with the WANN 120 or with another UE such as UE 110. The transceiver circuitry 206 may also be coupled to a processor 210, which may also be coupled to a memory 212 or other storage devices. The memory 212 may be transitory or non-transitory and may store therein computer instructions or code which, when read and executed by the processor 210, cause the processor 210 to implement various ones of the methods described herein.
[0068] Similarly, the WANN 120 may include a wireless base station or other wireless network access point capable of communicating wirelessly via the over-the-air interface 204 with one or more UEs and communicating with the core network 130. For example, the WANN 120 may be implemented, without being limited, in the form of a 2G base station, a 3G nodeB, an LTE eNB, a 4G LTE base station, a 5G NR base station of a 5G gNB, a 5G central-unit base station, or a 5G distributed-unit base station. Each type of these WANNs may be configured to perform a corresponding set of wireless network functions. The WANN 202 may include transceiver circuitry 214 coupled to one or more antennas 216, which may include an antenna tower 218 in various forms, to effectuate wireless communications with the UEs 110 and 112. The transceiver circuitry 214 may be coupled to one or more processors 220, which may further be coupled to a memory 222 or other storage devices. The memory 222 may be transitory or non-transitory and may store therein instructions or code that, when read and executed by the one or more processors 220, cause the one or more processors 220 to implement various functions of the WANN 120 described herein.
[0069] Data packets in a wireless access network such as the example described in FIG. 2 may be transmitted as protocol data units (PDUs) . The data included therein may be packaged as PDUs at various network layers wrapped with nested and / or hierarchical protocol headers. The PDUs may be communicated between a transmitting device or transmitting end (these two terms are used interchangeably) and a receiving device or receiving end (these two terms are also used interchangeably) once a connection (e.g., a radio link control (RRC) connection) is established between the transmitting and receiving ends. Any of the transmitting device or receiving device may be either a wireless terminal device such as device 110 and 120 of FIG. 2 or a wireless access network node such as node 202 of FIG. 2. Each device may both be a transmitting device and receiving device for bi-directional communications.
[0070] The core network 130 of FIG. 1 may include various network nodes geographically distributed and interconnected to provide network coverage of a service region of the carrier network 102. These network nodes may be implemented as dedicated hardware network nodes. Alternatively, these network nodes may be virtualized and implemented as virtual machines or as software entities. These network nodes may each be configured with one or more types of network functions which collectively provide the provisioning and routing functionalities of the core network 130.
[0071] Returning to wireless radio access network (RAN) , FIG. 3 illustrates an example RAN 340 in communication with a core network 310 and wireless terminals UE1 to UE7. The RAN 340 may include one or more various types of wireless base station or WANNs 320 and 321 which may include but are not limited to gNB, eNodeB, NodeB, or other type of base stations (for simplicity, only gNBs are illustrated in FIG. 3) . The RAN 340 may be backhauled to the core network 310 via, for example, NG interfaces.
[0072] The WANNs may of FIG. 3 may be configured to communicate with one another via inter-node interfaces. For example, the gNBs may communicate with one another via an Xn interface. For another example, 5G base stations gNBs may communicate with LTE base stations such as NodeBs or eNodeBs via an X2 interface. In some example implementations, the WANN 320, for example, may further include multiple separate access network nodes in the form of a Central Unit (CU) 322 and one or more Distributed Units (DUs) 324 and 326. In some example implementations, the CU may be a gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) , and the DU may be a gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU) . The CU 322 may be connected with DU1 324 and DU2 326 via various inter-node interfaces, for example, an F1 interface. Each of the various inter-node interfaces, may further be delineated into a control-plane interface and a user-plane interface. For a specific example, the F1 interface between a CU and a DU may further include an F1-C interface and an F1-U interface, which may be used to carry control plane information and user plane data, respectively. Likewise, the Xn or X2 interfaces may include an Xn-C and Xn-U or X2-C and X2-U interfaces. For purpose of this disclosure and the claims thereof, each CU and DU are considered separate access network node. The F1 interface thus falls within a definition of inter-node communication interface. In addition, while the various implementations described below are provided in the context of a 5G cellular wireless network, the underlying principles described herein are applicable to other types of radio access networks including but not limited to other generations of cellular network, as well as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and WiMax networks.
[0073] The UEs may be connected to the network via the WANNs 320 over an air interface. The UEs may be served by at least one cell. Each cell is associated with a coverage area. These cells may be alternatively referred to as serving cells. The coverage areas between cells may partially overlap. Each UE may be actively communicating with at least one cell while may be potentially connected or connectable to more than one cell. In the example of FIG. 1, UE1, UE2, and UE3 may be served by cell1 330 of the DU1, whereas UE4 and UE5 may be served by cell2 332 of the DU1, and UE6 and UE7 may be served by cell3 associated with DU2. In some implementations, a UE may be served simultaneously by two or more cells. Each of the UE may be mobile and the signal strength and quality from the various cells at the UE may depend on the UE location and mobility.
[0074] In some example implementations, the cells shown in FIG. 3 may be alternatively referred to as serving cells. The serving cells may be grouped into serving cell groups (CGs) . A serving cell group may be either a Master CG (MCG) or Secondary CG (SCG) . Within each type of cell groups, there may be one primary cell and one or more secondary cells. A primary cell in a MSG, for example, may be referred to as a PCell, whereas a primary cell in a SCG may be referred to as PScell. Secondary cells in either an MCG or an SCG may be all referred to as SCell. The primary cells including PCell and PScell may be collectively referred to as spCell (special Cell) . All these cells may be referred to as serving cells or cells. The term “cell” and “serving cell” may be used interchangeably in a general manner unless specifically differentiated. The term “serving cell” may refer to a cell that is serving, will serve, or may serve the UE. In other words, a “serving cell” may not be currently serving the UE. While the various embodiment described below may at times be referred to one of the types of serving cells above, the underlying principles apply to all types of serving cells in both types of serving cell groups.
[0075] FIG. 4 further illustrates a simplified view of the various network layers involved in transmitting user-plane PDUs from a transmitting device 402 to a receiving device 404 in the example wireless access network of FIGs. 1-3. FIG. 4 is not intended to be inclusive of all essential device components or network layers for handling the transmission of the PDUs. FIG. 4 illustrates that the data packaged by upper network layers 420 at the transmitting device 402 may be transmitted to corresponding upper layer 430 (such as radio resource control or RRC layer) at the receiving device 304 via Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer (PDCP layer, not shown in FIG. 4) and radio link control (RLC) layer 422 and of the transmitting device, the physical (PHY) layers of the transmitting and receiving devices and the radio interface, as shown as 406, and the media access control (MAC) layer 434 and RLC layer 432 of the receiving device. Various network entities in each of these layers may be configured to handle the transmission and retransmission of the PDUs.
[0076] In FIG. 4, the upper layers 420 may be referred as layer-3 or L3, whereas the intermediate layers such as the RLC layer and / or the MAC layer and / or the PDCP layer (not shown in FIG. 4) may be collectively referred to as layer-2, or L2, and the term layer-1 is used to refer to layers such as the physical layer and the radio interface-associated layers. In some instances, the term “low layer” may be used to refer to a collection of L1 and L2, whereas the term “high layer” may be used to refer to layer-3. In some situations, the term “lower layer” may be used to refer to a layer among L1, L2, and L3 that are lower than a current reference layer. Control signaling may be initiated and triggered at each of L1 through L3 and within the various network layers therein. These signaling messages may be encapsulated and cascaded into lower layer packages and transmitted via allocated control or data over-the-air radio resources and interfaces. The term “layer” generally includes various corresponding entities thereof. For example, a MAC layer encompasses corresponding MAC entities that may be created. The layer-1, for example, encompasses PHY entities. The layer-2, for another example encompasses MAC layers / entities, RLC layers / entities, service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layers and / or PDCP layers / entities.
[0077] FIG. 5 shows an example division of network node functions in the core network 130. While only single instances of network nodes for some functions are illustrated in FIG. 5, those having ordinary skill in the art understand that each of these network nodes may be instantiated as multiple instances that are distributed throughout the core network 130. As shown in FIG. 5, the core network 130 may include but are not limited to access management network function (AMF) nodes 530, session management function (SMF) nodes 540, user plane function (UPF) nodes 550, policy control function (PCF) nodes 520, and application data management function (AF) nodes 510.
[0078] The AMF nodes 530 may communicate with the access network 120, the SMF nodes 540, and the PCF nodes 520 respectively via communication interfaces 522, 532, and 524, and may be responsible for provisioning registration, authentication, and access by the UE to the core network 130 was well as allocation of SMF nodes 540 to support particular UE communication sessions. The SMF nodes 540 allocated by the AFM nodes 530 may in turn may be responsible for allocating UPF nodes 550 for supporting the particular UE communication session and control these allocated UPF nodes 550 via communication interface 546. Alternatively, or additionally in some implementations, the UPF nodes 550 may be directly allocated by the AMF nodes 530 via the interface 534 and controlled by the SMF nodes 540 via the communication interface 546. Access policies and session routing policies applicable to the UEs may be managed by the PCF nodes 520 which communicate the policies to the AMF nodes 530 and the SMF nodes 540 via communication interfaces 524 and 523, respectively. The PCF nodes 520 may be further responsible for managing user subscription 512 to service application 140 via the AF nodes 510. The signaling and data exchange between the various types of network nodes through various communication interfaces indicated by the various connection lines in FIG. 5, may be carried by signaling or data messages following predetermined types of format or protocols.
[0079] To support a particular end-to-end communication task requested by a UE, a communication session may be established to support a data traffic pipeline for transporting the particular end-to-end data communication traffic. The carrier network portion of the data traffic pipeline, as illustrated by 570 of FIG. 5, may involve one or more network nodes in the access network 120 and a set of UPF nodes 552, 554, and 556 in the core network 130, as selected and controlled, for example, by a set of SMF nodes 542 and 544 which may be selected and controlled by the AMF nodes 530 that are responsible for establishing and managing the communication session. Data traffic is routed among a UE at one end of the data traffic pipeline, the carrier network portion of the data traffic pipeline (including the set of network nodes in the access network 120 and the selected UPF nodes 552, 554, and 556 in the core network 130) , and another end of the data traffic pipeline including, for example, another UE, a service application or application server 140, or a data network 150, via communication interfaces such as 524, 558, and 559.
[0080] Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting
[0081] In some example network implementations, Access Traffic Steering, Switching, and Splitting (ATSSS) may be supported for a UE to access different wireless networks, for example, to access both 3GPP and non-3GPP networks.
[0082] The term steering is herein used to refer to procedure (s) for selecting an access network among multiple access networks for a new data flow and for transferring the traffic of this data flow over the selected access network.
[0083] The term splitting is herein used to refer to procedures for splitting the traffic of a data flow across multiple access networks (or accesses, for brevity) . When traffic splitting is applied to a data flow, some traffic of the data flow is transmitted via one access and some other traffic of the same data flow is transferred via another access.
[0084] The term switching is herein used to refer to procedures for moving all traffic of an ongoing data flow from one access network to another access network in a way that maintains a continuity of the data flow.
[0085] An example implementation is shown in FIG. 6. While FIG. 6 is illustrated in the context of Multi- Access Steering / Switching / Splitting or dual access (with respect to the 3GPP network 602 and the non-3GPP network 604) , the underlying principles applies to multi-access steering / switching / splitting and multi-access, where the UE is connected at the same time to more than two networks. To establish a MA-PDU (Multi-Access-PDU) for, e.g., Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting, the UE 601 may initiate a UE-requested PDU session establishment procedure with setting request type as "MA PDU request" over 3GPP access or non-3GPP access. During the establishment of a MA PDU session, the PCF 606 of the 3GPP core network above may make ATSSS policy decisions and create Policy and Charging Control (PCC) rules that contain ATSSS policy control information, which determines how the uplink (UL) and the downlink (DL) traffic of the MA PDU Session should be distributed across the 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks. The SMF 608 of the 3GPP core network may receive the PCC rules with ATSSS policy control information and map these rules into (a) ATSSS rules, which are sent to the UE (for UL) , and (b) N4 rules (rules pertaining to the N4 interface) , which are sent to UPF 610 (for DL) of the 3GPP core network. The PCC rules with ATSSS policy control information would indicate a steering / switching / splitting mode.
[0086] In some example implementations, several steering / switching / splitting modes for multi-access steering / switching / splitting or dual-steering may be defined.
[0087] · Active-Standby mode: It may be used to steer an SDF (Service Data Flow) on one access (the Active access) , when this access is available, and to switch the SDF to the other available access (the Standby access) , when the Active access becomes unavailable. When the Active access becomes available again, the SDF is switched back to this access. If the Standby access is not defined, then the SDF is only allowed on the Active access and cannot be transferred on another access.
[0088] · Smallest Delay mode: It may be used to steer an SDF to the access that is determined to have the smallest Round-Trip Time (RTT) . Measurements may be obtained by the UE and UPF to determine the RTTs over 3GPP access and over non-3GPP access. In addition, if one access becomes unavailable, all SDF traffic may be switched to the other available access. In some example implementations, this mode may only be used for Non-Guaranteed Bit Rate (Non-GBR) SDF.
[0089] · Load-Balancing mode: This mode may be used to split an SDF across both accesses if both accesses are available. It involved determination of percentages of the SDF traffic that should be sent over 3GPP access and over non-3GPP access. In some example implementations, the Load-Balancing mode may be only applicable to Non-GBR SDF. In addition, if one access becomes unavailable, all SDF traffic may be switched to the other available access, as if the percentage of the SDF traffic transported via the available access becomes 100%.
[0090] · Priority-based mode: This mode may be used to steer all the traffic of an SDF to the higher priority access, until this access is determined to be congested. In case of congestion, the traffic of the SDF may be sent also to the low priority access, e.g., the SDF traffic may be split over the two accesses. In addition, when the high priority access becomes unavailable, all SDF traffic may be switched to the low priority access. How UE and UPF determine when a congestion occurs on an access with higher priority may be implementation dependent. In some example implementations, this mode may only be used for the Non-GBR SDF.
[0091] · Redundant mode (e.g., without Threshold Values) : This mode may be used to duplicate traffic of an SDF on both accesses if both accesses are available. A Primary Access (either 3GPP access or Non-3GPP access) may be provided to the UE in the ATSSS rules and to the UPF in the N4 rules. If a Primary Access is provided, the UE and UPF may send all data packets of the SDF on the Primary Access and may duplicate data packets of the SDF on the other access. How many and which data packets are duplicated by the UE and UPF on the other access may be based on implementation. If a Primary Access is not provided or indicated to the UE and UPF, the UE and UPF may send all data packets of the SDF on both accesses. In some example implementations, this mode may be used for both GBR and Non-GBR SDF.
[0092] In addition, a PMF (Performance measurement function) procedure may be designed for the UE and UPF to test the RTT / PLR (packet loss rate) / Access (un) availability, which can assist the UE and UPF to perform traffic load distribution. Furthermore, for the Load-Balancing steering / switching / splitting mode above, a steering / switching / splitting mode indicator and / or threshold may also be configured to provide the UE with more flexibility.
[0093] For example, a Steering / switching / splitting Mode Indicator, which indicates that the UE may change the default steering parameters provided in the Steering / switching / splitting Mode component and may adjust the traffic steering / switching / splitting based on its own decisions. In some example implementations, one of the following Steering / switching / splitting Mode Indicators may be provided:
[0094] · Autonomous load-balance indicator: This indicator may be provided when or only when the Steering / switching / splitting Mode is Load-Balancing mode. When provided, the UE may ignore the percentages in the Steering / switching / splitting Mode component (e.g., the default percentages provided by the network) and may autonomously determine its own percentages for traffic splitting, in a way that maximizes the aggregated bandwidth in the uplink direction. The UE is expected to determine its own percentages for traffic splitting by performing measurements across the two accesses. The UPF may apply a similar behavior when the autonomous load-balance indicator is included in an N4 rule.
[0095] · UE-assistance indicator: This indicator may be provided when or only when the Steering / switching / splitting Mode is Load-Balancing. When provided by the network, it indicates that (a) the UE may decide how to distribute the UL traffic of the matching SDF based on the UE's internal state (e.g., when the UE is in the special internal state such as when the UE is at lower battery level) , and that (b) the UE may inform the UPF how it has decided to distribute the UL traffic of the matching SDF. In normal cases, even with this indicator provided, the UE may distribute UL traffic as indicated by the network.
[0096] In some example implementations, a UE-assistance indicator can be provided for SDFs for which the network has no strong steering requirements. For example, when the network has no strong steering requirements for the default traffic of an MA-PDU Session, the network can indicate (i) that this traffic must be steered with Load-Balancing steering / switching / splitting mode using 50%-50%split percentages, and (ii) that the UE is allowed to use other split percentages, such as 0%-100%, if this is needed by the UE to optimize its operation (e.g., to minimize its battery consumption) .
[0097] For another example, one or more threshold values may be provided when the Steering / switching / splitting Mode is Priority-based or when the Steering / switching / splitting Mode is Load-Balancing with fixed split percentages (e.g., without the autonomous load-balance indicator or UE assistance indicator) . For another example, one threshold value may be provided when the Steering / switching / splitting Mode is Redundant. Such a threshold value may be either a value for RTT or a value for PLR. The threshold values may be applicable to both accesses and, for example, may be applied by the UE and UPF as follows:
[0098] · Load-Balancing Steering / switching / splitting Mode with fixed split percentages (e.g., without the Autonomous load-balance indicator or UE assistance indicator) : When at least one measured parameter (e.g., RTT or PLR) on one access exceeds the provided threshold value, the UE and UPF may stop sending traffic on this access, or may continue sending traffic on this access but should reduce the traffic on this access by an implementation-specific amount and may send the amount of reduced traffic on the other access. When all measured parameters (e.g., RTT and PLR) for both accesses do not exceed the provided threshold values, the UE and UPF may apply the fixed split percentages.
[0099] · Priority-based Steering / switching / splitting Mode: When one or more threshold values are provided for the Priority-based Steering / switching / splitting Mode, these threshold values may be considered by the UE and the UPF to determine when an access becomes congested. For example, when a measured parameter (e.g., RTT or PLR) on one access exceeds the provided threshold value, the UE and UPF may consider this access as congested and may send the traffic also to the low priority access.
[0100] · Redundant Steering / switching / splitting Mode: When the measured PLR exceeds the provided threshold value on both accesses, the UE and UPF may duplicate the traffic of the SDF on both accesses. Likewise, when the measured RTT exceeds the provided threshold value on both accesses, the UE and UPF may duplicate the traffic of the SDF on both accesses based on implementation. When the measured parameter (e.g., either RTT or PLR) exceeds the provided threshold value on one access only, the UE and UPF may send the traffic of the SDF only over the other access. When the measured parameter (e.g., either RTT or PLR) does not exceed the provided threshold value on any access, the UE and UPF may send the traffic of the SDF only over the Primary Access. The Primary Access (either 3GPP access or Non-3GPP access) may be provided to the UE in the ATSSS rules and to the UPF in the N4 rules. If the Primary Access is not provided to the UE and UPF, UE and UPF may select a Primary Access based on their own implementation (e.g., using the lowest RTT access or the lowest PLR) . If measurement results on an access are not available for a parameter, it may be considered that the measured parameter for this access has not exceeded the provided threshold value. If a threshold value is provided when the Steering / switching / splitting Mode is Redundant, the Steering / switching / splitting Mode may only be used for Non-GBR SDF.
[0101] In some other example implementations, traffic steering and dual access may be provided to two 3GPP accesses. One general example concept is to enable enhanced 5GS mechanisms, under Mobile Network Operator (MNO) control / policy, to improve user data transmission using two 3GPP networks, including e.g., more flexible traffic steering or switching, data aggregation or duplication, providing benefits to network capacity, user throughput, reliability, etc. The two 3GPP network may belong to a same Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) , two different PLMNs, or to a PLMN and a Non-Public Network (NPN) , assuming that the UE uses a single subscription. Different combinations of 3GPP access networks may be possible, e.g., by using the same RAT or different RATs, including terrestrial NR plus NR or E-UTRA, a mix of terrestrial plus satellite NR, as well as dual NR satellite access (e.g., using same or different Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) orbits, e.g., Geostationary Equatorial Orbit / Medium Earth Orbit / Low Earth Orbit (GEO / MEO / LEO) .
[0102] Other example implementations for Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting may be considered during a 5G-to-6G migration. FIG. 7 shows three example 5G-to-6G migration architectures 702, 704, and 706 that may be considered.
[0103] For example, in a stand-alone mode 702 (or in a 5G-6G co-sited situation of 706) , the UE may access the 4 / 5G gNB and 6G xNB through dual stack with Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting mode. Two example options can be considered as shown in FIG. 8 as 802 and 804. For the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting mode, as an example, the coordination would be executed at the UE side, which may be similar to the Multi-USIM (MUSIM) framework from the RAN side and similar to the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Split from the network sided.
[0104] For an example MUSIM operation, a MUSIM device in RRC_CONNECTED state in Network A may indicate its preference on temporary UE capability restriction or removal of restriction with Network A when the MUSIM device needs transmission or reception in Network B (e.g., including start / stop connection to Network B) . The MUSIM device may request a temporary capability restriction only after the Network signals via RRC that this is allowed.
[0105] In some example implementations, when configured to do so, a MUSIM device can indicate one or more of the following temporary capability restriction or removal of restriction to Network A:
[0106] · A MUSIM device can explicitly request SCell (s) or SCG to be released;
[0107] · A MUSIM device can indicate its preference on temporary maximum MIMO layers and / or supported channel bandwidth for specific serving cells for both UL and DL;
[0108] · A MUSIM device can indicate its preference on the temporary maximum number of CCs per UL / DL;
[0109] · A MUSIM device can indicate its preference on the concerned band (s) or band combination (s) (e.g., forbidden and / or affected band (s) or band combination (s) ) based on a band-filter list configured by the network) . For affected band (s) and band combination (s) , this preference can include temporary maximum MIMO layers and / or supported channel bandwidth for both UL and DL;
[0110] · A MUSIM device can indicate measurement gap requirement changes.
[0111] · When it is allowed by Network A in SIB1, a MUSIM device can indicate to Network A that its capabilities are temporarily restricted in RRCSetupComplete / RRCResumeComplete message while the MUSIM device is already in RRC_CONNECTED state in Network B.
[0112] In further detail, example coding for the temporary capability restriction is shown as blow:
[0113] In the example code above, musim-AffectedBandsList indicates the UE’s preference on the band (s) and / or combination (s) of bands with restricted capability for MUSIM operation; musim-capabilityRestricted indicates the UE’s preference on the temporary capability restriction on the band (s) and / or combination (s) of bands for MUSIM operation; and musim-AvoidedBandsList indicates the UE’s preference on band (s) and / or combination (s) of bands to be avoided or MUSIM purpose. There may be various typical scenario for applying Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Split. For example, in Scenario 1, the UE may need to do dual access for the high data rate. For another example, in Scenario 2, the UE, for some reason (e.g., congestion) , may need to adjust the load distribution on the two legs of the dual accesses. For yet another example, in Scenario 3, the UE may need to switch between the dual access and Single access when one access is unavailable (or become available again) .
[0114] Based on these typical scenarios, example issues to be consider may include but are not limited to: (1) which node determine the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy; (2) whether and how to do UE capability coordination; (3) whether the gNB should be aware of the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting mode. The various solutions may also take into consideration their energy efficiency.
[0115] Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting Assistance Information and Policy Decision
[0116] In some example implementation of Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting, the RAN node may be ignorant (not aware) of the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy. However, when the RAN node is involved, the UE and RAN can provide assistance information to the network for the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy determination by the network (e.g., the core network) . Furthermore, to avoid configuration conflict, the capabilities of the network may need to be coordinated among the two accesses. For a network structure having no communication interface between the RAN nodes of two (or more than two) accesses, the coordination needs to be done at the UE or the Core Network (CN) side, thereby raising at least two issues to be considered / solved:
[0117] · Issue 1: How the UE / RAN node provide the assistance information for the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy determination?
[0118] · Issue 2: How to perform UE capability coordination between the 2 accesses (from the same or the different RATs) ?
[0119] While the various example implementations disclosed below refers to two accesses and Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting, the solutions and underlying principles can also be extended to cases with more than two accesses and general multi-access steering / switching / splitting. In addition, the two accesses can be based on the same or different RATs.
[0120] For simplicity, only one CN node is referred in the disclosure below and in some drawings. However, there may be multiple CNs and the CNs can be of different CN types, e.g., there may be two CNs, and one of the two CNs may be a 5G CN and the other of the two CNs may be a 6G CN.
[0121] Furthermore, for the various implementations described below, the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy may be applied different multi-access modes, including but not limited to dual steer mode, load distribution and other Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting modes described above. The term Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting is generally used, which also covers cases involving dual connections. The two accesses may belong to same PLMN, two different PLMNs, or to a PLMN and an NPN. The Different combinations of access networks are possible, i.e., using same or different RAT, including terrestrial and / or satellite access (e.g., using same or different NTN orbits, e.g., GEO / MEO / LEO) .
[0122] Embodiments 1: Provisioning of assistance information for the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy determination
[0123] For the ATSSS, the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy may be determined at the PCF with the assumption that the RAN node would not be involved for the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting. However, considering UE Access Stratum (AS) capability sharing, where the RAN node would be involved, then mechanisms for determining the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy, and the roles of the UE / RAN in providing various assistance information for the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy determination may be considered.
[0124] As a general example implementation, the RAN or the CN can be configured to decide on the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy for the UE. For the case that the CN makes the decision, the UE / RAN can be configured to provide various assistance information to the CN for the CN to decide on the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policies. For the case that the RAN makes the decision, the UE can be configured to provide the assistance information to the RAN to make such decisions.
[0125] In some example implementations, the UE may provide the various assistance information on the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting to the network for the network (either the RAN node, or the core network) . Such assistance information may be used by the network (either the RAN node, or the core network) for path selection or Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting configuration. The network may be the RAN node or a core network node.
[0126] In some example implementations, the various assistance information may include but is not limited to any of:
[0127] · Steering / Switching / Splitting mode recommendation (which may be included together with primary / active access preference indication described above) ;
[0128] · Load ratio on each mode;
[0129] · RTT / PLR information described above.
[0130] The various assistance information above can be sent by the UE to the network through either a control plane (CP) or a user plane (UP) . For example, when such assistance information is sent through the UP, it can be carried as a data packet header. For another example, when such assistance information is sent through the CP, it can be sent by AS signaling from the UE to the RAN node, or by NAS signaling from the UE to the CN node. For yet another example, the RAN node that receives such assistance information may send it to the CN through either the CP (e.g., through the signaling on the interface between the RAN and the Core Network node) or the UP (e.g., as a UPF header) .
[0131] In some example implementations, the UE may be configured to report such assistance information periodically. In some other example implementations, the UE may be configured to report such assistance information as triggered by one or more events (e.g., when the RTT or the PLR exceeds the provided threshold) .
[0132] In some example implementations, the UE may provide such assistance information according to a network configuration. For example, the network may configure when and how the UE reports such assistance information. For example, the network may configure the UE to report the assistance information periodically or by event triggering, and the network may configure the period for the periodical reporting or the threshold for the event based reporting. For another example, the network may configure which assistance information shall be reported by the UE among, e.g., recommended steering / switching / splitting mode (together with primary / active access preference indication) , Load ratio on each mode, or RTT / PLR information described above. In some other example implementations, the network may configure the UE with a designated communication plane (control plane or user plane, or both) for the UE to report such assistance information.
[0133] In some example implementations, the RAN node may provide the assistance information above (e.g., the assistance information that the RAN node receives from the UE) to the core network for the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy determination. Such assistance information, again, may be used for the path selection or Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting configuration. Such assistance information sent from the RAN node to the core network node, may include but is not limited to one or more of:
[0134] · Steering / Switching / Splitting mode recommendation (which may be included together with primary / active access preference indication described above) ;
[0135] · Load ratio on each mode;
[0136] · RTT / PLR information described above;
[0137] · Energy consumption / efficiency information (e.g., network down link power consumption, wherein the energy consumption / efficiency can be a peak energy consumption or an energy consumption per bit) which can be provided at different granularities, such as per bit, per QoS level, per slice, per subscriber or any combination of them;
[0138] ·Whether redundant / duplicate transmission is needed, which can be used by the CN to avoid unnecessary redundant / duplicate transmission. For example, redundant / duplication transmission may not be indicated when the RAN node has executed the redundant / duplicate transmission already.
[0139] In some example implementations, the assistance information can be sent from the RAN to the core network node through either the CP (e.g., through the signaling on an interface between the RAN and core network node) or the UP (e.g., as the UPF header) .
[0140] In some example implementations, the RAN node may report such assistance information to the core network periodically or as triggered by event.
[0141] In some example implementations, the RAN node may provide such assistance information according to some core network configuration. For example, the network can configure when and how the RAN node report such assistance information to the core network. For example, the network may configure the RAN node to report such assistance information to the core network either periodically or as triggered by event (s) . For another example, the network can configure which assistance information shall be reported, e.g., the network may provide to the core network recommended steering / switching / splitting mode (which may be provided together with primary / active access preference indication described above) , Load ratio on each mode, or RTT / PLR information, or energy consumption / efficiency information as listed above. For yet another example, the network can configure the RAN node to report the communication plane (either the control plane, or the user plane) for providing such assistance information by the RAN network node to the core network node.
[0142] Example 1: The Assistance information provided by the UE to the Network
[0143] According to the above, the UE can provide the assistance information on the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting to the network. The assistance information, for example, can be used for the path selection or Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting configuration. The network can be the RAN node or the CN node. The assistance information may include but is not limited to steering / switching / splitting mode recommendation (e.g., together with primary / active access preference indication) , load ratio on each mode, and / or RTT / PLR information.
[0144] The UE may recommend the steering / Switching / Splitting mode or some further assistance information. For example:
[0145] · In the Active-Standby mode, the UE can recommend an access network among the access networks as the Active access network.
[0146] · In the Smallest Delay mode, for a service that is delay-sensitive, the UE may recommend which access network has smaller delay. The UE can also indicate the RTT / PLR of the indicated access to the network.
[0147] · In the Load-Balancing mode, the UE can recommend a load distribution ratio. The UE can also indicate the RTT / PLR of the accesses to the network.
[0148] · In the Priority-based mode, the UE can recommend which access as the priority access.
[0149] · In the Redundant mode, the UE can be used for the both GBR and non-GBR.
[0150] In one example scenario, referred to as Scenario 1, the UE may need to perform dual access for a high data rate. For this scenario, the UE may recommend “Load-Balancing” mode with the corresponding load ratio on two legs of the dual access.
[0151] In another example scenario, referred to as Scenario 2, when congestion is detected, the UE may need to adjust the load distribution on the two legs of the dual access. For this scenario, if the steering / switching / splitting mode is the load balancing mode, then the UE may recommend a new load ratio. If the steering / switching / splitting mode is priority-based, the UE may recommend the other access with higher priority for steering.
[0152] In yet another example scenario, referred to as Scenario 3, the UE may need to switch between dual access and single access when one access becomes unavailable (or become available again) . For this Scenario, the UE can indicate the new active access with the Active-standby mode for steering.
[0153] Example 2: Send the assistance information through the control plane or User plane
[0154] As described above and shown in FIG. 9, the assistance information can be sent by the UE through the control plane or user plane. When the assistance information is sent through the user plane, it can be carried as the data packet header. When the assistance information is sent through the control plane, it can be sent by the AS signaling (e.g., to the RAN node via, e.g., a UE assistance information message) or NAS signaling (to the CN node via, e.g. a message that request the network to establish MA-PDU) .
[0155] The RAN node that received this assistance information can send it to the CN through either the control plane (e.g. through the signaling on the interface between the RAN and Core Network node) or the user plane (e.g. as the UPF header) .
[0156] Example 3: Assistance Information Reporting Trigger Condition and Network Configuration
[0157] As described above and shown in FIG. 10, the UE may provide the assistance information to the RAN node or the core network according to a network configuration. For example, the network can configure when and how the UE report this assistance information (e.g., periodically or triggered by event) . For another example, the network can configure which information shall be reported (e.g., steering / switching / splitting mode, which may be together with primary / active access preference indication, or Load ratio on each mode, or RTT / PLR information. For another example, the network can configure the plane (user plane or control plane, or both) on which the UE is to report this information.
[0158] The UE can report the assistance information periodically or triggered by event according to the configuration by the network. For example, the network can configure the reporting period and / or the events. A triggering event can include but is not milted to an event based a signaling quality (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) being lower than some threshold level, or the RTT / PLR being larger than a corresponding threshold. In some example implementations, the UE may periodically report the assistance information once an event was triggered. In some example implementations, the network can configure the different events for the different Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting information reporting.
[0159] Example 4: The Assistance information provided by the RAN
[0160] As described and illustrated in FIG. 11, the RAN may also provide the assistance information to the CN for the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy determination. Besides assistance information that is similar to the UE side assistance information, the RAN node can also additionally provide the energy consumption / efficiency information (e.g., network down link power consumption, where energy consumption / efficiency can be the peak energy consumption, and can also be the energy consumption per bit) as part of the assistance information. Different and any granularity information for the energy consumption / efficiency information, e.g., per bit, per QoS level, per slice, per subscriber or any combination of them, may be indicated.
[0161] Embodiments 2: Embodiments related to how to perform UE capability coordination
[0162] In Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting described above, the UE may need to maintain multiple (e.g., two) connections. Once the network determines the steering / switching / splitting policy, the RAN node may need to configure the UE based on the details of the steering / switching / splitting policy. To avoid configuration collision between the multiple (e.g., two) accesses, some capability coordination would be needed.
[0163] Take a 5G / 6G Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting as an example, as shown in 702 and 706 of FIG. 7, the 6G access may refine the 5G FR1 frequency band and there may be no tight inter-working between the 5G and 6G RAN nodes. There would be interference and also capability sharing between the 5G baseband / RF and the 6G baseband / RF. In such situations, the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting would involve both the CN and the RAN nodes.
[0164] Assume the Scenario 1 above, where the UE needs to perform dual access for purpose of achieving high data rate. A general Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting procedure for the MA-PDU establishment without Capability Coordination under such a scenario is provided in FIG. 12, followed by example procedures with the capability coordination. The CN here can be 5G+6G CN or 6G CN only. Step 6 of FIG. 12 may be executed in parallel with step 1. Steps 4 and 8 of FIG. 12 thus may be executed in parallel.
[0165] With the above example for no coordination among Step 4 and Steps 8 of FIG. 12, there may be configuration collision, leading to potential configuration failure. As an example solution, the UE may report multiple capability sets. Different capability sets can be used for the different Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policies, which may be used by the CN to making Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy decision.
[0166] In some example implementations, such multiple capability sets may include pre-defined UE capabilities sets for the different steering / switching / splitting modes, different load distributions, or different peak data rates. Each capability set may include capability restrictions for each access. Such multiple capability sets may additionally or alternatively include some band combination (s) and / or the corresponding feature set (s) . The band combination (s) may be the band combinations that including the operational bands of the current two accesses. The feature sets can be recommended feature set (s) for the different Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policies. Each capability set may be defined by some critical parameters (e.g., max aggregated DL / UL band width, DL / UL MIMO layers, max DL / UL CC numbers, maximum DL / UL data rate, throughput, and the like) .
[0167] In some example implementations, the UE may report a mapping relationship between the capability sets and the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy. Such mapping relationship may be reported to the CN or to the RAN node. In some example implementations, when such mapping relationship is reported to the CN, the CN may indicate corresponding capability set to the RAN. In some example implementations, when such mapping relationship is reported to the RAN, the CN may indicate the steering / switching / splitting policy to the RAN, such that the RAN can determine the capability set based on the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy as indicated. In some example implementations, the network may configure the UE based on the corresponding capability set.
[0168] In some example implementations, the multiple capability sets may be sent at the registration procedure or in a dynamic procedure (e.g., in a UAI procedure) .
[0169] In some example alternative implementations, the UE may determine the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy and send it to the network, rather than sending the capability sets for the network to determine the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy. The UE may indicate the capability set or the capability restrictions (s) to the CN or to each RAN node. The capability set may include capability restrictions for each access.
[0170] In some other example implementations, the RAN node may determine / modify the steering / switching / splitting policy or capability coordination as triggered by the RAN. In some example implementations, the UE and / or the CN may determine a master RAN node, then the master node may determine and / or modify the steering / switching / splitting policy. In some example implementations, the RAN node may send a request to the UE to ask for more resource on an access. The RAN node, for example, may indicate frequencies on which more resources are required. For another example, the RAN node may indicate Band (s) Combination / feature set (S) or feature set combination information to the UE.
[0171] In the example implementations, above, it may be configured by the CN and / or RAN as to which information shall be reported or which node can make the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy decision.
[0172] Various examples are given below for UE capability coordination, where the UE capability set coordination information including multiple UE capability sets and / or the mapping relationship between the capability sets and the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy may be reported or indicated. Example capability sets may include baseband and / or RF capabilities, e.g., bandwidth, MIMO layer, and the like.
[0173] Example 5: UE capability Coordination Assistance information provided by the UE
[0174] As described above for UE capability coordination, the UE can report the multiple capability sets for the different Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policies (e.g., for the CN to make Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy decision) . The multiple capability sets, for example, may include UE capability sets for the different steering / switching / splitting modes or different load distribution. Each capability set may include the capability restriction (s) for each access.
[0175] According to the above analysis, there may be different steering / switching / splitting modes with different load distributions. For different load distributions, the required Baseband / RF capabilities may be different. In some example implementations, some capability profiles can be pre-defined and indexed, which can be seen as indexed basic capability set information. For example:
[0176] Table 1: Example UE Capability Profiles
[0177] In the example above, for each UE capability set, it may include 2 parts, e.g., one part for the 5G, while the other part is for the 6G.
[0178] Example 5a: Multiple Capability Sets Definition
[0179] In some example implementations of UE capability coordination in Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting, the UE may define the multiple capability sets with various options, including but not limited to:
[0180] · Option 1: Some band combination (s) and / or the corresponding feature set (s) , where the band combination (s) can be band combinations that include the operational bands of the current two accesses, and the feature sets may include recommended feature set (s) for the different Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policies.
[0181] · Option 2: Each capability set can be defined by some critical parameters (e.g., max aggregated DL / UL band width, DL / UL MIMO layers, max DL / UL CC numbers, maximum DL / UL data rate, throughput and the like) .
[0182] In some example implementations, the UE may only indicate the capability set for one network. For example, there may be no need to change the other network capability restriction (s) .
[0183] For the Option 1 above, the UE may report the band combination and / or the corresponding feature sets. For example, the (potential) working bands of the network A and B may be band X and band Y, then the UE can report the multiple capability sets as follows:
[0184] Table 2: Multiple UE capability set definition Option 1
[0185] If the UE has reported the capability for the BC with band X+ Band Y to the network A / B, the UE can also report the corresponding feature set combination to the network A / B. In each feature set combination, it may include both the feature sets for the band X and band Y.
[0186] For the option 2 above, the UE may indicate some critical parameters as capability coordination. (e.g., max aggregated DL / UL band width, DL / UL MIMO layers, max DL / UL CC numbers, maximum DL / UL data rate, throughput and the like) . An example is shown in Table 3 below.
[0187] Table 3: Multiple UE capability Set Definition Option 2
[0188] Example 6: The Mapping Relationship
[0189] As described above, the UE may report the mapping relationship between the capability sets and the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy to the CN or the RAN. For example, when the mapping relationship is reported to the CN, the CN may indicate the corresponding capability set to the RAN. For another example, when the mapping relationship is report to the RAN, the CN may indicate the steering / switching / splitting policy to the RAN. Then the RAN can determine the capability set based on the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy. For these implementations, the network may configure the UE based on the corresponding capability set.
[0190] As shown in the Table 2 and 3 above, for the different Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Split policy, the different capability sets may be defined. The UE may report this mapping relationship to the network. When the network decides on the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy, the network may configure the UE based on the corresponding capability set.
[0191] As shown in FIG. 13, the CN may indicate the corresponding capability set to the RAN, and then the RAN may configure the UE based on the capability set. If the UE reports the mapping relationship between the UE capability set and steering policy to the RAN, the CN may indicate the steering / switching / splitting policy to the RAN, and then the RAN may determine the capability set based on the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy.
[0192] Example 7: UE Capability Coordination Information Reporting
[0193] As described above and shown in FIG. 14, reporting of the capability coordination information can be sent at the registration procedure or in a dynamic procedure (e.g., UAI procedure) .
[0194] Specifically, the multiple UE capability sets can be reported as UE capability information during the registration procedure, it can also be reported as a UAI message. When the multiple UE capability sets are reported as a UAI message, the reporting can be enable / Disabled by the network. Furthermore, when the UE report the UE capability set information, it may also indicate the UE assistance information for the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy determination as described above in the Embodiments 1, which can include one or more of:
[0195] · Steering / switching / splitting mode recommendation (e.g., together with primary / active access preference indication) ;
[0196] · Load ratio on each mode; or
[0197] · RTT / PLR information.
[0198] Then the network can determine the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy based on this information, and further determine the UE capability set.
[0199] Example 8: The UE makes the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy decision and send it to the network
[0200] As described above and shown in FIG. 15, the UE may provide the assistance information to the Network, then the network can make the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy decision based on the UE assistance information. The other example method may be that the UE makes the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy decision and send the decision to the network. The UE may further indicate the capability set or the capability restrictions to the CN or to the RAN node.
[0201] FIG. 15 is similar to the Fig 13, with one difference being that the UE determines the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Split policy and sends it to the networks, and thus only the corresponding UE capability set for the selected Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy is sent to the network. The network does not need to do the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy determination and the mapping from the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy to the UE capability set.
[0202] Example 9: Capability Coordination Triggered by RAN
[0203] As described above and shown in FIG. 16, the RAN node can also determine / modify the steering / switching / splitting policy, or it can trigger the capability coordination as below:
[0204] · The UE / CN can determine a master RAN node or the Master RAN node can be determined according to the pre-specified rules. Then the master node may determine / modify the steering / switching / splitting policy.
[0205] · The RAN node may send a request to the UE to ask more / less resource on the corresponding access.
[0206] · The RAN node may indicate frequencies on which more / less resources are required.
[0207] · The RAN node may indicate the band combination / feature set or feature set combination information to the UE.
[0208] As specifically shown in the FIG. 16, the RAN node can also request more (or less) resources. It may only need one bit to enable this function. The RAN node can also indicate frequencies on which more (or less) resources are required. Each of the frequencies can be expressed by the center frequency or by a band number.
[0209] Furthermore, the network can also indicate the preferred capability coordination / restriction (s) (e.g., band combinations and / or feature sets) to the UE. Once the master RAN node determines the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy / capability set, it can send it to the UE. Then the UE can further coordinate with the RAN node of the other access network. In response, the UE can indicate the capability coordination result, e.g., whether it can accept or reject the request. In further detail, as shown in FIG. 21, for the case that the RAN indicate the capability coordination / restriction information to the UE, the capability coordination / restriction information can include the forbidden band (s) / Band combinations, affected / preferred band (s) / Band combinations. For the affected / preferred band (s) / Band combinations, it can further indicate the affected / forbidden / preferred feature sets / feature set combinations. It can also indicate the preference on some critical RF or base band parameters (e.g., maximum MIMO layers and / or supported channel bandwidth for UL / DL) with a certain granularity (e.g. per UE, per frequency range, per band, per band combination) .
[0210] The RAN can receive the Multi-Access Steering / switching / splitting policy sent by the CN. Then the RAN node can determine the capability coordination / restriction information based on the received policy.
[0211] Once the UE receive the capability coordination / restriction information from the first network, the UE can further determine the temporary capability restriction to the second network. The capability coordination / restriction information can include the forbidden band (s) / Band combinations, affected / preferred band (s) / Band combinations. For the affected / preferred band (s) / Band combinations, it can further indicate the affected / forbidden / preferred feature sets / feature set combinations. It can also indicate the preference on some critical RF or base band parameters (e.g. maximum MIMO layers and / or supported channel bandwidth for UL / DL) with a certain granularity (e.g., per UE, per frequency range, per band, per band combination) .
[0212] The UE can also indicate the updated UE capability restrictions / set to the RAN node. The UE can further indicate frequencies on which more resources are provided.
[0213] Embodiments 3: Combinations of Embodiments 1 and Embodiments 2
[0214] The various example implementations above in Embodiments 1 and Embodiments 2 may be further combined to provide various Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting implementations, in which the UE capability coordination is considered. When the UE needs to enter a Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting mode, the UE may first establish two connections with two access networks for a PDU session. Such type of the PDU session may be referred to as MA-PDU (Multi-Access PDU) . After the two connections are established, the UE and / or Network may desire to further update the multi-access configurations as a result of changes in, e.g., network conditions and UE communication needs during the MA-PDU session. Then an MA-PDU modification procedure may be further performed.
[0215] Two example procedures are provided below. The first example procedure (Example 10) is provided for an establishment of the MA-PDU session and multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy configuration, whereas the second example procedure (Example 11) is provided for effectuate an adaptive Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting modification.
[0216] Example 10: Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting MA-PDU establishment procedure
[0217] In some example implementations, the UE may establish two connections with the two access networks (or two accesses) for an MA-PDU session. In some example implementations, to establish an MA-PDU session, two example optional / alternative procedures may be implemented.
[0218] · Option 1: Establish the two connections to the two accesses for a MA-PDU session in sequence; or
[0219] · Option 2: Establish the two connections to the two accesses for a MA-PDU session in parallel. An example procedure for Option 1, in which the two connections to the two accesses for the MA- PDU session are established in sequence, is illustrated in FIG. 17. As shown in the example procedure of FIG. 17, in Step 1, the UE may establish a first connection with the first access (e.g., 6G RAN and CN) . For multi-access purposes, the UE may include (1) UE assistance information (as described in Embodiments 1 above) , and / or UE capability coordination information (as described in Embodiments 2 above) in its communication with the first access during the establishment of the first connection to facilitate a Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy selection by the CN. The US assistance information and / or the UE capability coordination information may be referred to as “UE recommendation information (items) , ” “UE provisional information (items) , ” “UE dual / multi-access steering / switching / splitting information (items) ” , and the like.
[0220] In Steps 2 and 3, after the CN determines a dual / multi steering policy for the UE based on the received UE recommendation / provisional information (items) , the CN may indicate a steering / switching / splitting mode and / or a UE capability set corresponding to the selected dual / multi steering policy to the RAN node of the first access (e.g., 6G RAN) . Correspondingly, the RAN node of the first access may obtain UE capability with respect to the communications between the UE and the RAN node of the first access according to the dual-steering policy as selected by the CN and as specified in the corresponding UE capability set.
[0221] In Steps 4 and 5, the RAN node of the first access (e.g., 6G RAN) can configure the UE according to the UE capability set information (with respect to the RAN node of the first access) for communications between the UE and the RAN node of the first access. The UE may also be informed of the dual / multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy and the UE capability set as selected by the CN.
[0222] In Step 6, the UE may proceed to establishing a second connection with the second access (e.g., 4 / 5G RAN) via an RRC setup process (Steps 6, 6a, 6b of FIG. 17) . During such connection establish procedure, the UE may indicate the UE capability set information with respect to the RAN of the second access (as specified in the selected UE capability set by the CN) to the RAN node of the second access (Step 6b) . Alternatively, the UE may send an early indication to the network to indicate UE capability set restriction (s) , then the network may require the UE to provide capability set first. Such connection may be established for purposes of dual / multi access. As such, the RAN node of the second access may be made aware of such purposes. The second RAN node may in turn inform the CN that this second connection is for dual / multi access purposes by, for example, making a service request to the CN indicating a dual / multi access status (Step 6c of FIG. 17) . The CN may then be able to correlate the first connection above between the UE and the RAN node of the first access (referred to as a first leg of the dual / multi access) and this second connection between the UE and the RAN node of the second access (referred to as a second leg of the dual / multi access) into a MA PDU session and provide coordination.
[0223] In the example steps above, the UE capability sets may be indexed and thus the selection or indication of the selection of a UE capability set may be effectuated using UE capability set index, as shown in FIG. 17.
[0224] Further in the example steps above, the core network be a single core network provided for both the first RAN node (e.g., 6G RAN node) and the second RAN node (e.g., 4 / 5G RAN node) . Alternatively, separate CNs may be provided to the first RAN node and the second RAN node, with inter-CN communication in order to effectuate dual / multi-access steering / switching / splitting coordination for the UE. For simplicity, the two separate CNs may be treated as a single combined CN, as shown in FIG. 17.
[0225] In Step 7, the CN may indicate the steering / switching / splitting mode and / or the corresponding UE capability set as selected during the establishment of the first connection in the first leg above in Steps 1-5 to the RAN node of the second access (e.g., 4 / 5G) . The RA node of the second access may then obtain UE capability to follow with respect the communications between the UE and the RAN of the second access.
[0226] In Steps 8 and 9, the RAN node of the second access (e.g., 4 / 5G) may then configure the communications between the UE and the RAN node of the second access according to the UE capability to follow for the second leg.
[0227] According to the above description, two example mapping methods between the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting mode and set Index of the UE capability set among the plurality of UE capability sets may be implemented:
[0228] · The mapping information may be saved in the UE AS capability by the RAN node (either of the first access or the second access) . Then the RAN node may determine the UE capability set based on the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy selection and the saved mapping relationship between the UE capability sets and Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy sets.
[0229] · UE may indicate the mapping info in the NAS message, then the CN may indicate the UE capability set Index to the RAN node (the RAN node thus need not to save the mapping) .
[0230] In some example implementations, The RAN node may also determine the UE capability set based on Quality of Service (QoS) , where QoS may be mapped to UE capability sets.
[0231] In some example implementations, as shown in Step 6b of FIG. 17, the UE may determine and provide more exactly / accurately selected capability set Index (e.g., in the message 3 or the message 5, the message 5 can be RRC setup / Resume / Reestablish Complete message) to the RAN node (e.g. the RAN node of the second access) , which may be different from what the CN recommend to the UE (in Step 4) . The set Index may also be determined and provided by the CN at Step 7, depending on whether the RAN node of the second access (e.g., 4 / 5G) can make its own decision, e.g., by selecting lower capability set than recommended by the CN.
[0232] An example procedure for Option 2 above, in which the two connections to the two accesses for the MA-PDU session are established in parallel, is illustrated in FIG. 18. Compared with the sequential implementation of FIG. 17, the implementation may be different in several aspects:
[0233] · In Step 6 / 6b, there may be no selected Set Index in FIG. 18 when establishing the connection with the RAN node of the second access (e.g., 4 / 5G) .
[0234] · In the step 6 / 6C of FIG. 18, the UE may include the same PDU session establishment request message as Step 1 to the CN via the RAN node of the second access so that these two PDU session establishment requests refer to the same MA PDU session.
[0235] In some example implementations of Option 2, similar to Option 1 above, two alternative mapping methods between the steering / switching / splitting mode and the set Index for the UE capability set may be implemented:
[0236] · The mapping info may be saved in the UE AS capability, then the RAN node may determine the UE capability set based on the steering / switching / splitting mode.
[0237] · UE may indicate the mapping info in ta NAS message, then the CN may indicate the UE capability set Index.
[0238] Example 11: Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting MA-PDU modification procedure
[0239] Example 10 above is described for the MA-PDU an establishment procedure, in this following example, implementations of a Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting modification procedure are provided. Example scenarios for implementing the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting modification procedures may include:
[0240] · Scenario 2: For some reason (e.g., network congestion) , the UE may need to adjust a load distribution on the two legs of the dual access or Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting.
[0241] · Scenario 3: The UE may need to switch between dual access and single access when one of the two accesses is unavailable (or become available again) .
[0242] For the above example scenarios, the UE / CN may or may not need to perform MA-PDU modification of Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting mode and / or Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Split policy, as described in further detail below. In the situation where modification of Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy need not be performed, capability restriction (s) nevertheless may be requested / imposed.
[0243] Table 4: MA-PDU Modification for Each Steering / switching / splitting Mode
[0244] Table 4 above illustrates two example cases:
[0245] · Case 1: With MA-PDU modification (e.g., for a new load ratio assignment or new policy, e.g., FIG. 19) . The MA-PDU modification differs from the MA-PDU establishment procedure in that the message for PDU session establishment is modified to a message for PDU secession modification (e.g., Step 6c of FIG. 19) . The AS layer procedure are similar to that in the Example 10.
[0246] · Case 2: Without MA-PDU modification (executed by the AS layer) (e.g., FIG. 20 below) . According to the above Table 4, for Scenario 3 in which at most one leg is activated, the UE may change the capability set. The other leg may be at Idle / Inactive state at most of the time.
[0247] FIG. 19 shows an example MA-PDU modification procedure with two accesses involve, assuming that the MA-PDU was established as a pre-condition. It is also assumed that UE is in active communication with the first leg (e.g., 6G RAN) . As shown in Step 1, The UE may send a UAI message to the first RAN node for a new capability set (e.g., a new capability set index) . The UE may do so when it determines based on the current network condition and its communication needs that a new Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting policy is needed. Alternative to initiating of the MA-PDU modification by the UE, as shown in the Step 4 of FIG. 19 (with Steps 2 and 3 omitted) , one of the RAN nodes (e.g., 6G RAN Node) may determine to change the UE capability coordination, e.g., by indicating a target preferred UE capability set Index, and / or preferred band combination and / or feature sets to the UE. The RAN node may initiate and make this decision based on the UE temporary capability restriction (s) . In the temporary capability restriction (s) , the UE may indicate preferred / affected / forbidden bands or band combinations. For the preferred / affected bands or band combinations, the UE may further indicate the corresponding feature sets, e.g., MIMO layer, bandwidth, and the like. In this case, the UE may further coordinate the capability restriction (s) (e.g., UE capability set Index) with another RAN node (of the other access) .
[0248] As further shown in Steps 6, 6a, and 6b of FIG. 19, the UE may effectuate the modification with the second RAN node (e.g., 4 / 5G RAN node) . RAN node may request the CN to update and / or refine the Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Split policy information, as shown in Step 6c. The CN, in Step 7, may then send the final updates to the RAN node, for the UE to finalize configuration of the modification of capability with the RAN node, in Steps 8 and 9.
[0249] For Scenario 2 above, the UE may change the capability set or just perform some temporary capability restriction (s) on the original UE capability set. It may not impact the other access. An example is shown in FIG. 20, illustrating an MA-PDU modification procedure with only one access involved.
[0250] As shown in FIG. 20, the RAN node may need to support multiple capability set function. Thus, it may be indicated to the UE whether the RAN supports such function (multiple capability set or Multi-Access Steering / Switching / Splitting) to the UE in a system Information. The UE may also indicate the capability set in, for example, message 5 (RRC setup complete or RRC Resume Complete message) .
[0251] As shown in FIG. 21, for the case that the RAN indicate the capability coordination / restriction information to the UE, the RAN can receive the Multi-Access Steering / switching / splitting policy (e.g. steering / switching / splitting mode, load ratio) that sent by the CN. Then the RAN node can determine the capability coordination / restriction information based on the received policy.
[0252] The various assistance information and the UE capability sets transmitted / exchanged between the various network nodes for facilitating the intra-CU and / or inter-CU LTM or CLTM may be referred to as “provisioning information” for the configuration and coordination of the LTM or CLTM.
[0253] The description and accompanying drawings above provide specific example embodiments and implementations. The described subject matter may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any example embodiments set forth herein. A reasonably broad scope for claimed or covered subject matter is intended. Among other things, for example, subject matter may be embodied as methods, devices, components, systems, or non-transitory computer-readable media for storing computer codes. Accordingly, embodiments may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware, storage media or any combination thereof. For example, the method embodiments described above may be implemented by components, devices, or systems including memory and processors by executing computer codes stored in the memory.
[0254] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings suggested or implied in context beyond an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the phrase “in one embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and the phrase “in another embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. It is intended, for example, that claimed subject matter includes combinations of example embodiments in whole or in part.
[0255] In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, terms, such as “and” , “or” , or “and / or, ” as used herein may include a variety of meanings that may depend at least in part on the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a, ” “an, ” or “the, ” may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.
[0256] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present solution should be or are included in any single implementation thereof. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present solution. Thus, discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout the specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.
[0257] Furthermore, the described features, advantages and characteristics of the present solution may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the present solution can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the present solution.
Claims
1.A method performed by a wireless terminal device, comprising:establishing a first connection with a wireless network, the wireless network comprising at least a first Radio Access Network (RAN) and at least one core network;transmitting a set of provisioning information items to the wireless network for coordinating a multi-access steering / switching / splitting process in a multi-access connection for the wireless terminal device to access the first RAN and a second RAN; andestablishing the multi-access connection with the wireless network.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the provisioning information items comprise assistance information items, the assistance information comprising at least one of:a steering / switching / splitting mode recommendation;load ratio on each of multiple steering / switching / splitting modes; orRound-Trip Time (RTT) or Packet Loss Rate (PLR) information.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the assistance information items are transmitted via a control plane or user plane of the wireless network.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the assistance information items are transmitted as a data packet header in the user plane.5.The method of claim 3, wherein the assistance information items are transmitted in the control plane via an Access Stratum (AS) to the first RAN or a non-AS (NAS) signaling to the core network.6.The method of claim 3, wherein the assistance information items are transmitted according to a network assistance information transmission configuration provided by the wireless network with respect contents, transmission timing, and transmission channels.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the provisioning information items comprise a plurality of capability sets for the wireless terminal device.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of capability sets map to a plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.9.The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of capability sets comprise predefined sets of capabilities of the wireless terminal device for different multi-access steering / switching / splitting modes or different transmission load distributions for the wireless terminal device between the first RAN and the second RAN in the multi-access connection.10.The method of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of capability sets comprises capability restriction (s) .11.The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one of the plurality of capability sets comprises one or more frequency band combinations and / or corresponding feature set (s) .12.The method of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of capability sets is defined according one of:a maximum aggregated downlink or uplink bandwidth;downlink or uplink MIMO layers;a maximum downlink or uplink Component Carrier (CC) number; ora maximum downlink or uplink data rate or throughput.13.The method of claim 7, wherein the provisioning information items further comprise a mapping relationship between the plurality of capability sets and the plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the mapping relationship is reported to the core network for the core network to determine the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy from the plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting polices and to indicate a corresponding capability set to the first RAN or the second RAN.15.The method of claim 7, wherein a mapping relationship between the plurality of capability sets and the plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies is used by the first RAN for the first RAN to determine a selected capability set corresponding to the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy as determined by the core network.16.The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of capability sets are transmitted to the wireless network during a registration procedure of the wireless terminal device or in a dynamic procedure as an UE assistance information.17.A method performed by a network node of a core network of a wireless network, comprising:receiving a set of provisioning information items via a first RAN from a wireless terminal device connected to the first RAN;determining a target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy for the wireless terminal device to perform a multi-access connection with at least the first RAN and a second RAN; andindicating the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy to the first RAN and / or the wireless terminal device.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the provisioning information items comprise assistance information items, the assistance information comprising at least one of:a steering / switching / splitting mode recommendation;load ratio on each of multiple steering / switching / splitting modes; orRound-Trip Time (RTT) or Packet Loss Rate (PLR) information.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the assistance information items are received as a data packet header in a user plane of the wireless network or an NAS signaling in a control plane of the wireless network.20.The method of claim 19, further comprising configuring the wireless terminal device for a transmission of the assistance information with respect to contents, transmission timing, or transmission plane.21.The method of claim 18, wherein the provisioning information items comprise a plurality of capability sets for the wireless terminal device, the plurality of capability sets mapping to a plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.22.The method of claim 21, wherein plurality of capability sets comprise predefined sets of capabilities of the wireless terminal device for different multi-access steering / switching / splitting modes or different transmission load distributions for the wireless terminal device between the first RAN and the second RAN in the multi-access connection.23.The method of claim 21, wherein the provisioning information items further comprise a mapping relationship between the plurality of capability sets and the plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.24.The method of claim 23, further comprising indicating the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy or a target capability set for the wireless terminal device corresponding to the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy to the first RAN.25.The method of claim 21, wherein the plurality of capability sets are received during a registration procedure of the wireless terminal device to the wireless network or in a dynamic procedure as an assistance information.26.A method performed by a first RAN node of a wireless network comprising at least the first RAN and a core network, the method comprising:establishing a first connection with a wireless terminal device;transmitting a set of provisioning information items to the core network for the core network to coordinate a multi-access steering / switching / splitting process in a multi-access connection for the wireless terminal device to access the first RAN and a second RAN of the wireless network;receiving a target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information from the core network, the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information being generated and sent by the core network in response to the core network receiving the set of provisional information items; andconfiguring the wireless terminal device for the first connection with the wireless terminal device in response to receiving the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information.27.The method of claim 26, wherein the provisioning information items comprise assistance information items, the assistance information items comprising at least one of:a steering / switching / splitting mode recommendation;load ratio on each of multiple steering / switching / splitting modes;Round-Trip Time (RTT) or Packet Loss Rate (PLR) information;energy consumption and / or efficiency information; orredundant transmission information.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the assistance information items are transmitted as a data packet header in a user plane or an NAS signaling in a control plane.29.The method of claim 26, wherein the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information comprises a capability set among a plurality of capability sets of the wireless terminal device, the plurality of capability sets mapping to a plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies.30.The method of claim 26, wherein:the method further comprises storing a mapping relationship between a plurality of multi-access steering / switching / splitting policies and a plurality of capability sets for the wireless terminal device;the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information comprises a target multi-access steering / switching / splitting policy determined by the core network according to the assistance information items; andthe method further comprises determining a target capability set for the wireless terminal device according to the target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information and the mapping relationship, and configuring the wireless terminal device for the first connection with the wireless terminal device according to the target capability set for the wireless terminal device.31.The method of claim 26, further comprising sending capability restriction or capability coordination information to the wireless terminal device.32.The method of claim 31, wherein:the capability restriction or capability coordination includes at least one of forbidden band (s) / Band combinations, affected / preferred band (s) / Band combinations, affected / forbidden / preferred feature sets / feature set combinations.33.The method of claim 31, wherein:the capability restriction or capability coordination includes a preference on at least one RF or base band parameters with a granularity at per UE , per frequency range, per band, or per band combination level.34.The method of claim 31, further comprising determining the capability restriction or coordination information based on the received target multi-access steering / switching / splitting selection information sent by the core network.35.The wireless terminal device, the network node, or the first RAN node of any one of claims 1 to 34, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to read computer code from the memory to cause the wireless terminal device, the network node, or the first RAN node to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 34.36.A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable program medium with computer code stored thereupon, the computer code, when executed by a processor of the wireless terminal device, the network node, or the first RAN node of any one of claims 1 to 34, causes the processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 34.
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